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Hu WS, Lin CL. Effect of anti-diabetic agent on interstitial lung disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03296-0. [PMID: 39031184 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the protective role of anti-diabetic agent (ADA) in predicting interstitial lung disease (ILD) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We formed a cohort of DM patients between 2009 and 2016 using data from Taiwan. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportion hazards regression models were used to examine the effect of risk factor on the risk of developing ILD, presented as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for the risk of DM-associated ILD with joint effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4I), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2I) showed that SGLT2I, GLP-1 RA, and DPP-4I had a decreased risk of ILD with adjusted HR of 0.14 (0.11, 0.18), 0.29 (0.24, 0.35), and 0.64 (0.62, 0.67), respectively. DPP4I, GLP-1 RA, and SGLT2I could be considered to be introduced to this DM population for ILD risk reduction in DM, especially with SGLT2I usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Syun Hu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
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2
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Chen Q, Xiong S, Ye T, Gao Y, Wang J, Li X, Li Y, Cui C, Liu H, Zhang Z, Cai L, Zheng J. Insulin resistance, coronary artery lesion complexity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:172. [PMID: 38755609 PMCID: PMC11100181 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is linked to both the complexity of coronary artery lesions and the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the precise extent of this correlation and its impact on adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between IR, coronary artery lesion complexity, and the prognosis of ACS through a cohort design analysis. METHOD A total of 986 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included in this analysis. IR was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while coronary artery lesion complexity was evaluated using the SYNTAX score. Pearson's correlation coefficients were utilized to analyze the correlations between variables. The association of the TyG index and SYNTAX score with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in ACS was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and adjusted Cox regression. Additionally, a novel 2-stage regression method for survival data was employed in mediation analysis to explore the mediating impact of the SYNTAX score on the association between the TyG index and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including MACEs and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 30.72 months, 167 cases of MACEs were documented, including 66 all-cause deaths (6.69%), 26 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs) (2.64%), and 99 unplanned revascularizations (10.04%). The incidence of MACEs, all-cause death, and unplanned revascularization increased with elevated TyG index and SYNTAX score. Both the TyG index (non-linear, P = 0.119) and SYNTAX score (non-linear, P = 0.004) displayed a positive dose-response relationship with MACEs, as illustrated by the RCS curve. Following adjustment for multiple factors, both the TyG index and SYNTAX score emerged as significant predictors of MACEs across the total population and various subgroups. Mediation analysis indicated that the SYNTAX score mediated 25.03%, 18.00%, 14.93%, and 11.53% of the correlation between the TyG index and MACEs in different adjusted models, respectively. Similar mediating effects were observed when endpoint was defined as unplanned revascularization. CONCLUSION Elevated baseline TyG index and SYNTAX score were associated with a higher risk of MACEs in ACS. Furthermore, the SYNTAX score partially mediated the relationship between the TyG index and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanxiang Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyan Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Nam KW, Kwon HM, Lee YS. Triglyceride-Related Parameters and Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Lesions in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:155-165. [PMID: 38826176 PMCID: PMC11140243 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Recently, evidence has suggested that the pathophysiology and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) differs from those of extracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS). In addition, novel parameters reflecting metabolic conditions, such as insulin resistance or atherogenic dyslipidemia, based on triglycerides (TG) and other biomarkers, have emerged. In this study, we evaluated the association between TG-related parameters and symptomatic cerebral atherosclerosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke resulting from large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Methods We assessed consecutive acute LAA-stroke patients between January 2010 and December 2020. Based on the radiological findings, we classified the relevant symptomatic arteries that caused the index stroke into LAA-ICAS and LAA-ECAS. As TG-related parameters, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and TG-glucose (TyG) index were calculated according to the following formulas: AIP = log10 (TG Level/High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level), TyG Index = Ln (TG Level × Glucose Level/2). Results A total of 519 patients with LAA-stroke were evaluated. In multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of LAA-ICAS, AIP was significantly associated with LAA-ICAS (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-8.06). TyG index also showed a statistically significant relationship with LAA-ICAS (aOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.11-2.32). However, TG per se did not show a statistical association with LAA-ECAS. Conclusion TG-related parameters were more closely associated with stroke by ICAS than by ECAS. The metabolic conditions reflected by the AIP or TyG index, rather than hypertriglyceridemia itself, may play a greater role in determining the relevant vessel causally involved in a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Nam
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Arefin A, Gage MC. Metformin, Empagliflozin, and Their Combination Modulate Ex-Vivo Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054785. [PMID: 36902218 PMCID: PMC10003317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels. Patients can be prescribed anti-diabetes drugs as single agents or in combination depending on the severity of their condition. Metformin and empagliflozin are two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes drugs which reduce hyperglycemia, however their direct effects on macrophage inflammatory responses alone or in combination are unreported. Here, we show that metformin and empagliflozin elicit proinflammatory responses on mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages with single agent challenge, which are modulated when added in combination. In silico docking experiments suggested that empagliflozin can interact with both TLR2 and DECTIN1 receptors, and we observed that both empagliflozin and metformin increase expression of Tlr2 and Clec7a. Thus, findings from this study suggest that metformin and empagliflozin as single agents or in combination can directly modulate inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and upregulate the expression of their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adittya Arefin
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew C. Gage
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Correspondence:
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Wang M, Mei L, Jin A, Cai X, Jing J, Wang S, Meng X, Li S, Wei T, Wang Y, Pan Y. Association between triglyceride glucose index and atherosclerotic plaques and Burden: findings from a community-based study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:204. [PMID: 36221073 PMCID: PMC9555111 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance is an important cause of cardiovascular events and cerebral infarction development. We aimed to investigate the association of the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index with atherosclerotic burden and plaques in coronary, intra- and extracranial arteries in participants with non-diabetes, and compared the results with that of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Methods Participants without diabetes in the PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events (PRECISE) study were included. We categorized participants by tertiles of the TyG index and the concordance/discordance of the TyG index and HOMA-IR. Discordance was defined as a TyG index equal to or greater than the median and HOMA-IR less than the median, or vice versa. The atherosclerosis plaques and burden in coronary, intra- and extracranial arteries were evaluated. The association of HOMA-IR and TyG index with the presence of atherosclerotic plaques and atherosclerotic burden was assessed by binary and ordinal logistic regression models, respectively. Results Among 2,719 included participants, the average age was 60.9 (± 6.6) years, and 53.0% were female. Both TyG index and HOMA-IR were associated with increased odds of coronary/intra- and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques and burden after adjustment for age, sex, currenting smoking and drinking (all P < 0.05). However, the association between HOMA-IR and intracranial atherosclerosis was not statistically significant after adjustment for all potential confounders. Discordantly high TyG index with HOMA-IR had a higher odd of extracranial plaque (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.71), extracranial atherosclerotic burden (common odds ratio [cOR]: 1.35, 95% CI 1.06–1.71), coronary plaque (OR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.68) and segment stenosis score (cOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.09–1.78) as compared with concordantly low TyG index with HOMA-IR. The TyG index had a better net reclassification improvement ability than HOMA-IR for atherosclerotic plaques when adding to baseline model. Conclusion Elevated TyG index was associated with increased odds of atherosclerosis in coronary/intra- and extracranial arteries. Compared with HOMA-IR, the TyG index was more strongly associated with intracranial atherosclerosis. Moreover, discordantly high TyG index with HOMA-IR was also important for atherosclerosis identification. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01638-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lerong Mei
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Aoming Jin
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Cai
- Department of Neurology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Wang
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Tiemin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Lishui, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119, South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, 100070, Beijing, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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6
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Karami N, Savardashtaki A, Butler AE, Rizzo M, Sahebkar A. The regulation of efferocytosis signaling pathways and adipose tissue homeostasis in physiological conditions and obesity: Current understanding and treatment options. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13487. [PMID: 35765849 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with changes in the resolution of acute inflammation that contribute to the clinical complications. The exact mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation in obesity are not fully understood. Adipocyte death leads to pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages, stimulating additional adipocyte apoptosis. Thus, a complex and tightly regulated process to inhibit inflammation and maintain homeostasis after adipocyte apoptosis is needed to maintain health. In normal condition, a specialized phagocytic process (efferocytosis) performs this function, clearing necrotic and apoptotic cells (ACs) and controlling inflammation. For efficient and continued efferocytosis, phagocytes must internalize multiple ACs in physiological conditions and handle the excess metabolic burden in adipose tissue. In obesity, this control is lost and can be an important hallmark of the disease. In this regard, the deficiency of efferocytosis leads to delayed resolution of acute inflammation and can result in ongoing inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and insulin resistance in obesity. Hence, efficient clearance of ACs by M2 macrophages could limit long-term inflammation and ensue clinical complications, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This review elaborates upon the molecular mechanisms to identify efferocytosis regulators in obesity, and the mechanisms that can improve efferocytosis and reduce obesity-related complications, such as the use of pharmacological agents and regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, 15503, Bahrain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Banerjee D, Patra D, Sinha A, Roy S, Pant R, Sarmah R, Dutta R, Kanta Bhagabati S, Tikoo K, Pal D, Dasgupta S. Lipid-induced monokine cyclophilin-A promotes adipose tissue dysfunction implementing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in zebrafish and mice models of obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:282. [PMID: 35511344 PMCID: PMC11072608 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated obesity-induced macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk in adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, the molecular cues involved in the cross-talk of macrophage and adipocyte causing insulin resistance are currently unknown. Here, we found that a lipid-induced monokine cyclophilin-A (CyPA) significantly attenuates adipocyte functions and insulin sensitivity. Targeted inhibition of CyPA in diet-induced obese zebrafish notably reduced adipose tissue inflammation and restored adipocyte function resulting in improvement of insulin sensitivity. Silencing of macrophage CyPA or pharmacological inhibition of CyPA by TMN355 effectively restored adipocytes' functions and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, CyPA incubation markedly increased adipocyte inflammation along with an impairment of adipogenesis, however, mutation of its cognate receptor CD147 at P309A and G310A significantly waived CyPA's effect on adipocyte inflammation and its differentiation. Mechanistically, CyPA-CD147 interaction activates NF-κB signaling which promotes adipocyte inflammation by upregulating various pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression and attenuates adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting PPARγ and C/EBPβ expression via LZTS2-mediated downregulation of β-catenin. Moreover, inhibition of CyPA or its receptor CD147 notably restored palmitate or CyPA-induced adipose tissue dysfunctions and insulin sensitivity. All these results indicate that obesity-induced macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk involving CyPA-CD147 could be a novel target for the management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Banerjee
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Debarun Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Archana Sinha
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajat Pant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Raktim Sarmah
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Nagaon, 782103, Assam, India
| | - Rajdeep Dutta
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Nagaon, 782103, Assam, India
| | - Sarada Kanta Bhagabati
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, College of Fisheries, Assam Agricultural University, Nagaon, 782103, Assam, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Durba Pal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Metabolic Disease Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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9
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Iftikhar R, Penrose HM, King AN, Kim Y, Ruiz E, Kandil E, Machado HL, Savkovic SD. FOXO3 Expression in Macrophages Is Lowered by a High-Fat Diet and Regulates Colonic Inflammation and Tumorigenesis. Metabolites 2022; 12:250. [PMID: 35323693 PMCID: PMC8949544 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by augmented inflammation and tumorigenesis, is linked to genetic predispositions, such as FOXO3 polymorphisms. As obesity is associated with aberrant macrophages infiltrating different tissues, including the colon, we aimed to identify FOXO3-dependent transcriptomic changes in macrophages that drive obesity-mediated colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. We found that in mouse colon, high-fat-diet-(HFD)-related obesity led to diminished FOXO3 levels and increased macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse peritoneal FOXO3-deficient macrophages showed significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs; FDR < 0.05) similar to HFD obese colons. These DEG-related pathways, linked to mouse colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis, were similar to those in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and human colon cancer. Additionally, we identified a specific transcriptional signature for the macrophage-FOXO3 axis (MAC-FOXO382), which separated the transcriptome of affected tissue from control in both IBD (p = 5.2 × 10−8 and colon cancer (p = 1.9 × 10−11), revealing its significance in human colonic pathobiologies. Further, we identified (heatmap) and validated (qPCR) DEGs specific to FOXO3-deficient macrophages with established roles both in IBD and colon cancer (IL-1B, CXCR2, S100A8, S100A9, and TREM1) and those with unexamined roles in these colonic pathobiologies (STRA6, SERPINH1, LAMB1, NFE2L3, OLR1, DNAJC28 and VSIG10). These findings establish an important understanding of how HFD obesity and related metabolites promote colonic pathobiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Iftikhar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (R.I.); (H.M.P.); (A.N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Harrison M. Penrose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (R.I.); (H.M.P.); (A.N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Angelle N. King
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (R.I.); (H.M.P.); (A.N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yunah Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (R.I.); (H.M.P.); (A.N.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (E.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (E.R.); (E.K.)
| | - Heather L. Machado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA;
| | - Suzana D. Savkovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; (R.I.); (H.M.P.); (A.N.K.); (Y.K.)
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10
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Qasemi R, Ghavamzadeh S, Faghfouri AH, Valizadeh N, Mohammadi A, Sayyadi H. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on flow-mediated dilatation, oxidized LDL and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 on type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102200. [PMID: 34265491 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Current study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. METHODS In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 44 patients were randomly divided into vitamin D group (2000 IU/d, n = 23) and placebo group (control, n = 21) for 12 weeks. Vascular function with FMD, Serum 25-OH vitamin D, oxLDL and ICAM1 were assessed at the baseline and after the intervention. This clinical trial was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20191223045861N1). RESULTS In intervention group serum level of vitamin D increased from 32.42 ± 10.56 to 40.45 ± 12.94 (p < 0.001). In the vitamin D group, oxLDL and ICAM1 significantly decreased and FMD increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). The level of oxLDL (p = 0.017) and ICAM1 (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the vitamin D group than the placebo group and FMD (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the vitamin D group. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation of 2000 IU/d for 12 weeks can improve endothelial function and decrease ICAM1 and oxLDL in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Qasemi
- Department of Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavamzadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Food and Beverage Safety Research Center, Medicine Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | - Neda Valizadeh
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi
- Radiology Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hojjat Sayyadi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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11
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Thiem K, Keating ST, Netea MG, Riksen NP, Tack CJ, van Diepen J, Stienstra R. Hyperglycemic Memory of Innate Immune Cells Promotes In Vitro Proinflammatory Responses of Human Monocytes and Murine Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:807-813. [PMID: 33431659 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that the presence of diabetes is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory state promoting various diabetes-associated complications. One potential driver of this enhanced inflammatory state in patients with diabetes is hyperglycemia. Even after blood glucose control is achieved, diabetes-associated complications persist, suggesting the presence of a "hyperglycemic memory." Innate immune cells, critically involved in various complications associated with diabetes, can build nonspecific, immunological memory (trained immunity) via epigenetic regulation. We examine the potential involvement of hyperglycemia-induced trained immunity in promoting inflammation. Our results show that hyperglycemia induces a trained phenotype in vivo in mice and in vitro in human monocytes, representative by an increased TNF-α secretion after ex vivo stimulation with LPS. These effects were largely mediated by epigenetic changes controlled by the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family because treatment with the MLL inhibitor menin-MLL during the process of trained immunity acquisition repressed the proinflammatory phenotype. Collectively, our results identify a novel link between hyperglycemia and inflammation in innate immune cells that might explain the increased proinflammatory state during diabetes potentially contributing to the development of various diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Thiem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Samuel T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Janna van Diepen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and.,Division of Human Health and Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Cortes-Selva D, Gibbs L, Maschek JA, Nascimento M, Van Ry T, Cox JE, Amiel E, Fairfax KC. Metabolic reprogramming of the myeloid lineage by Schistosoma mansoni infection persists independently of antigen exposure. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009198. [PMID: 33417618 PMCID: PMC7819610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a defined role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and cholesterol metabolism where alternative activation of macrophages is thought to be beneficial to both glucose and cholesterol metabolism during high fat diet induced disease. It is well established that helminth infection protects from metabolic disease, but the mechanisms underlying protection are not well understood. Here, we investigated the effects of Schistosoma mansoni infection and cytokine activation in the metabolic signatures of bone marrow derived macrophages using an approach that integrated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics in a metabolic disease prone mouse model. We demonstrate that bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) from S. mansoni infected male ApoE-/- mice have dramatically increased mitochondrial respiration compared to those from uninfected mice. This change is associated with increased glucose and palmitate shuttling into TCA cycle intermediates, increased accumulation of free fatty acids, and decreased accumulation of cellular cholesterol esters, tri and diglycerides, and is dependent on mgll activity. Systemic injection of IL-4 complexes is unable to recapitulate either reductions in systemic glucose AUC or the re-programing of BMDM mitochondrial respiration seen in infected males. Importantly, the metabolic reprogramming of male myeloid cells is transferrable via bone marrow transplantation to an uninfected host, indicating maintenance of reprogramming in the absence of sustained antigen exposure. Finally, schistosome induced metabolic and bone marrow modulation is sex-dependent, with infection protecting male, but not female mice from glucose intolerance and obesity. Our findings identify a transferable, long-lasting sex-dependent reprograming of the metabolic signature of macrophages by helminth infection, providing key mechanistic insight into the factors regulating the beneficial roles of helminth infection in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cortes-Selva
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, United States of America
| | - Lisa Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - J Alan Maschek
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Marcia Nascimento
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - Tyler Van Ry
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - James E Cox
- Metabolomics, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Cores, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, United States of America.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana, United States of America
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13
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Tham YY, Choo QC, Muhammad TST, Chew CH. Lauric acid alleviates insulin resistance by improving mitochondrial biogenesis in THP-1 macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9595-9607. [PMID: 33259010 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the central pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Macrophages play important roles in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Lauric acid is a 12-carbon medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) found abundantly in coconut oil or palm kernel oil and it comes with multiple beneficial effects. This research objective was to uncover the effects of the lauric acid on glucose uptake, mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin-resistant macrophages. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and induce insulin resistance, before they were treated with increasing doses of lauric acid (5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM, and 50 μM). Glucose uptake assay, cellular ROS and ATP production assays, mitochondrial content and membrane potential assay were carried out to analyse the effects of lauric acid on insulin resistance and mitochondrial biogenesis in the macrophages. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were also performed to determine the expression of the key regulators. Insulin-resistant macrophages showed lower glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression, and increased hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, lauric acid treatment upregulated glucose uptake, GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expressions. The treatment also restored the mitochondrial biogenesis in the insulin-resistant macrophages by improving ATP production, oxygen consumption, mitochondrial content and potential, while it promoted the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis regulator genes such as TFAM, PGC-1α and PPAR-γ. We show here that lauric acid has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial dysregulation in insulin-resistant macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Tham
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Quok Cheong Choo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Choy Hoong Chew
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.
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14
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Hashikawa-Hobara N, Hashikawa N, Sugiman N, Hosoo S, Hirata T, Yamaguchi Y, Yamasaki H, Kawasaki H, Nishibe S. Oral administration of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. leaves extract protects against atherosclerosis by improving macrophage function in ApoE knockout mice. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4018-4024. [PMID: 32990381 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We investigated the effect of ELE on the development of atherosclerosis and changes in peritoneal macrophage function in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. At 8 weeks of age, ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups that were fed a high-fat diet blended with 0% (control), 5% or 10% ELE for a period of 7 weeks. The 10% ELE dose caused an approximately 36% reduction in atherosclerotic lesions, as estimated by oil red O staining. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the 1-week treatment with ELE reduced mRNA levels of Tnf-alpha, Il-1, and Mif in peritoneal macrophages isolated from the ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, a 1-week treatment with the 10% ELE diet significantly reduced migration and adhesion functions in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that a 10% ELE diet reduces atherosclerotic lesions and modulates macrophage function by reducing cytokine expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Eucommia leaf extract (ELE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that reduces atherosclerotic lesions and suppresses inflammatory cytokines expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Hashikawa-Hobara
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashikawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Nao Sugiman
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Shingo Hosoo
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Yamaguchi
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamasaki
- Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kawasaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Sansei Nishibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu-cho, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 061-293, Japan
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15
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Insulin Antagonizes LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Activating SR-A1/ERK Axis in Macrophages. Inflammation 2018; 42:754-762. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Pal S, Nath P, Das D, Hajra S, Maitra S. Cross-talk between insulin signalling and LPS responses in mouse macrophages. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 476:57-69. [PMID: 29715496 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of insulin priming on Il-10 expression, regulation of inflammatory cytokines and participation of intra-cellular signalling events, primarily ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt, has been investigated in high glucose (HG) and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophages. Our results demonstrate that congruent with sharp increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, insulin stimulation in vitro promotes significant increase in Il-10 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophage and RAW 264.7 cells, both positive for anti-IRβ. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK/MAPK, but not PI3K/Akt cascade, abrogates CREB phosphorylation and Il-10 synthesis indicating functional relevance of insulin action. Conversely, priming with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin prevents insulin attenuation of HG- and/or LPS-induced p38 MAPK and NF-κB activation, Tnf-α, Il-1β expression as well as NO production. Congruent with reduced Il-10 expression, MEK inhibition abrogates insulin action allowing significant increase in Tlr4 expression and LPS response indicating insulin-induced Il-10 might have pivotal influence in regulation of chronic as well as acute inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumojit Pal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Poulomi Nath
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sudip Hajra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sudipta Maitra
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India.
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17
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Halu A, Wang JG, Iwata H, Mojcher A, Abib AL, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Sharma A. Context-enriched interactome powered by proteomics helps the identification of novel regulators of macrophage activation. eLife 2018; 7:37059. [PMID: 30303482 PMCID: PMC6179386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of pro-inflammatory macrophage activation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a complex one amenable to network approaches. While an indispensible tool for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of complex diseases including CVD, the interactome is limited in its utility as it is not specific to any cell type, experimental condition or disease state. We introduced context-specificity to the interactome by combining it with co-abundance networks derived from unbiased proteomics measurements from activated macrophage-like cells. Each macrophage phenotype contributed to certain regions of the interactome. Using a network proximity-based prioritization method on the combined network, we predicted potential regulators of macrophage activation. Prediction performance significantly increased with the addition of co-abundance edges, and the prioritized candidates captured inflammation, immunity and CVD signatures. Integrating the novel network topology with transcriptomics and proteomics revealed top candidate drivers of inflammation. In vitro loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the regulatory role of these proteins in pro-inflammatory signaling. When human cells or tissues are injured, the body triggers a response known as inflammation to repair the damage and protect itself from further harm. However, if the same issue keeps recurring, the tissues become inflamed for longer periods of time, which may ultimately lead to health problems. This is what could be happening in cardiovascular diseases, where long-term inflammation could damage the heart and blood vessels. Many different proteins interact with each other to control inflammation; gaining an insight into the nature of these interactions could help to pinpoint the role of each molecular actor. Researchers have used a combination of unbiased, large-scale experimental and computational approaches to develop the interactome, a map of the known interactions between all proteins in humans. However, interactions between proteins can change between cell types, or during disease. Here, Halu et al. aimed to refine the human interactome and identify new proteins involved in inflammation, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. Cells called macrophages produce signals that trigger inflammation whey they detect damage in other cells or tissues. The experiments used a technique called proteomics to measure the amounts of all the proteins in human macrophages. Combining these data with the human interactome made it possible to predict new links between proteins known to have a role in inflammation and other proteins in the interactome. Further analysis using other sets of data from macrophages helped identify two new candidate proteins – GBP1 and WARS – that may promote inflammation. Halu et al. then used a genetic approach to deactivate the genes and decrease the levels of these two proteins in macrophages, which caused the signals that encourage inflammation to drop. These findings suggest that GBP1 and WARS regulate the activity of macrophages to promote inflammation. The two proteins could therefore be used as drug targets to treat cardiovascular diseases and other disorders linked to inflammation, but further studies will be needed to precisely dissect how GBP1 and WARS work in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arda Halu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jian-Guo Wang
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Alexander Mojcher
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Ana Luisa Abib
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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18
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He X, Chen X, Wang L, Wang W, Liang Q, Yi L, Wang Y, Gao Q. Metformin ameliorates Ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation in raw264.7 cells by promoting ABCG-1 mediated cholesterol efflux. Life Sci 2018; 216:67-74. [PMID: 30218721 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The accumulation of lipids in macrophages contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol efflux of lipid-loaded macrophages mediated by ATP binding cassette (ABC) cholesterol transporters, on the other hand, has been shown to attenuate atherosclerosis progression in patients with unknown mechanism. We therefore sought to test the effect of metformin that reduced cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients independent of its hypoglycemia effect on cholesterol transport in murine raw264.7 macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse raw264.7 macrophages were loaded with Ox-LDL (50 μg/ml) for 24 h before incubated with metformin (15 μM) for 24 h. Foam cell formation was assessed by Oil red staining and BIODIPY fluorescent staining as well as cholesterol-ester quantification by commercial kit. Cholesterol uptake and expression of scavenger receptors were detected by flow-cytometry. Cholesterol efflux capacity was measured by fluorescent plate-reader and ABC transporters were detected by Western Blots. Cytokines were detected by ELISA in supernatants and normalized by cellular lysates. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that metformin decreased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-induced cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation by increasing cholesterol efflux to HDL, which was associated with an upregulation of ABC transporter ABCG-1. Moreover, metformin increased Ox-LDL-impaired IL-10 secretion, an important anti-foam cell cytokine in atherosclerosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our data highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting macrophage cholesterol efflux with new or existing drugs for the possible reduction of foam cell formation in the prevention and treatment of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiao Liang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Long Yi
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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19
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Zhang N, Prasad S, Huyghues Despointes CE, Young J, Kima PE. Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole membranes display phosphoinositides that create conditions for continuous Akt activation and a target for miltefosine in Leishmania infections. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12889. [PMID: 29993167 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Miltefosine is an important drug for the treatment of leishmaniasis; however, its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. In these studies, we tested the hypothesis that like in cancer cells, miltefosine's efficacy in leishmaniasis is due to its inhibition of Akt activation in host cells. We show using pharmacologic agents that block Akt activation by different mechanisms and also using an inducible knockdown approach that miltefosine loses its efficacy when its access to Akt1 is limited. Interestingly, limitation of Akt activation results in clearance of established Leishmania infections. We then show, using fluorophore-tagged probes that bind to phosphoinositides, that Leishmania parasitophorous vacuole membranes (LPVMs) display the relevant phosphoinositides to which Akt can be recruited and activated continuously. Taken together, we propose that the acquisition of PI(4) P and the display of PI (3,4)P2 on LPVMs initiate the machinery that supports continuous Akt activation and sensitivity to miltefosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Samiksha Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Young
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter E Kima
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Abstract
The hydrophobicity of vitamin E poses transport and metabolic challenges to regulate its bioavailability and to prevent its accumulation in lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, brain, and liver. Water-soluble precursors of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), such as its esters with acetate (αTA), succinate (αTS), or phosphate (αTP), have increased solubility in water and stability against reaction with free radicals, but they are rapidly converted during their uptake into the lipid-soluble vitamin E. Therefore, the bioavailability of these precursors as intact molecules is low; nevertheless, at least for αTS and αTP, the recent research has revealed unique regulatory effects on signal transduction and gene expression and the modulation of cellular events ranging from proliferation, survival/apoptosis, lipid uptake and metabolism, phagocytosis, long term potentiation, cell migration, telomere maintenance, and angiogenesis. Moreover, water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E including some based on αTP are increasingly used as components of nanocarriers for enhanced and targeted delivery of drugs and other molecules (vitamins, including αT and αTP itself, vitamin D3, carnosine, caffeine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), insulin) and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10. In this review, the chemical characteristics, transport, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of action of αTP in cells and tissues are summarized and put into perspective with its possible role in the prevention of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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21
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Nargis T, Kumar K, Ghosh AR, Sharma A, Rudra D, Sen D, Chakrabarti S, Mukhopadhyay S, Ganguly D, Chakrabarti P. KLK5 induces shedding of DPP4 from circulatory Th17 cells in type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1529-1539. [PMID: 29107298 PMCID: PMC5681279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing plasma levels and activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4 or CD26) are associated with rapid progression of metabolic syndrome to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While DPP4 inhibitors are increasingly used as anti-hyperglycemic agents, the reason for the increase in plasma DPP4 activity in T2DM patients remains elusive. METHODS We looked into the source of plasma DPP4 activity in a cohort of 135 treatment naive nonobese (BMI < 30) T2DM patients. A wide array of ex vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods were employed to study enzyme activity, gene expression, subcellular localization, protease identification, surface expression, and protein-protein interactions. RESULTS We show that circulating immune cells, particularly CD4+ T cells, served as an important source for the increase in plasma DPP4 activity in T2DM. Moreover, we found kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) as the enzyme responsible for cleaving DPP4 from the cell surface by directly interacting with the extracellular loop. Expression and secretion of KLK5 is induced in CD4+ T cells of T2DM patients. In addition, KLK5 shed DPP4 from circulating CD4+ T helper (Th)17 cells and shed it into the plasma of T2DM patients. Similar cleavage and shedding activities were not seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic insights into the molecular interaction between KLK5 and DPP4 as well as CD4+ T cell derived KLK5 mediated enzymatic cleavage of DPP4 from cell surface. Thus, our study uncovers a hitherto unknown cellular source and mechanism behind enhanced plasma DPP4 activity in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titli Nargis
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Amrit Raj Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Debrup Sen
- Zoology Department, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Satinath Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipyaman Ganguly
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
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22
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Katakami N. Mechanism of Development of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:27-39. [PMID: 28966336 PMCID: PMC5770221 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macroangiopathy, atherosclerosis secondary to diabetes mellitus (DM), causes cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, which are major causes of death in patients with DM and significantly reduce their quality of life. The alterations in vascular homeostasis due to endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction are the main features of diabetic macroangiopathy. Although multiple metabolic abnormalities that characterize diabetes are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with DM, it may be said that prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia and insulin resistance clustering with other risk factors such as obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia play crucial roles. Laboratory and clinical researches in the past decades have revealed that major biochemical pathways involved in the development of diabetic macroangiopathy are as follows: overproduction of reactive oxygen species, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and activation of the AGEs-receptor for AGE axis, polyol and hexosamine flux, protein kinase C activation, and chronic vascular inflammation. Among them, oxidative stress is considered to be a key factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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23
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Pharmacological inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in the LDLR -/- mouse model of atherosclerosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2489-2501. [PMID: 28899902 PMCID: PMC6365594 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality among patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggests a strong link between atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, due to impaired insulin receptor (IR) signalling. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the major negative regulator of the IR prevents and reverses atherosclerotic plaque formation in an LDLR−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis. Acute (single dose) or chronic PTP1B inhibitor (trodusquemine) treatment of LDLR−/− mice decreased weight gain and adiposity, improved glucose homeostasis and attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation. This was accompanied by a reduction in both, circulating total cholesterol and triglycerides, a decrease in aortic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression levels and hyperphosphorylation of aortic Akt/PKB and AMPKα. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that PTP1B inhibitors could be used in prevention and reversal of atherosclerosis development and reduction in CVD risk.
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24
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Thompson D, Morrice N, Grant L, Le Sommer S, Ziegler K, Whitfield P, Mody N, Wilson HM, Delibegović M. Myeloid protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) deficiency protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation in the ApoE -/- mouse model of atherosclerosis with alterations in IL10/AMPKα pathway. Mol Metab 2017; 6:845-853. [PMID: 28752048 PMCID: PMC5518727 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent cause of mortality among patients with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Recent evidence suggests a strong link between atherosclerosis and insulin resistance due to impaired insulin receptor (IR) signaling. Moreover, inflammatory cells, in particular macrophages, play a key role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in humans. We hypothesized that inhibiting the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the major negative regulator of the IR, specifically in macrophages, would have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and lead to protection against atherosclerosis and CVD. Methods We generated novel macrophage-specific PTP1B knockout mice on atherogenic background (ApoE−/−/LysM-PTP1B). Mice were fed standard or pro-atherogenic diet, and body weight, adiposity (echoMRI), glucose homeostasis, atherosclerotic plaque development, and molecular, biochemical and targeted lipidomic eicosanoid analyses were performed. Results Myeloid-PTP1B knockout mice on atherogenic background (ApoE−/−/LysM-PTP1B) exhibited a striking improvement in glucose homeostasis, decreased circulating lipids and decreased atherosclerotic plaque lesions, in the absence of body weight/adiposity differences. This was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of aortic Akt, AMPKα and increased secretion of circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), without measurable alterations in IR phosphorylation, suggesting a direct beneficial effect of myeloid-PTP1B targeting. Conclusions Here we demonstrate that inhibiting the activity of PTP1B specifically in myeloid lineage cells protects against atherosclerotic plaque formation, under atherogenic conditions, in an ApoE−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis. Our findings suggest for the first time that macrophage PTP1B targeting could be a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment and reduction of CVD risk. PTP1B inhibition as therapy for atherosclerosis/cardiovascular disease is proposed. Myeloid-PTP1B mice on ApoE−/− background (ApoE−/−/LysM-PTP1B) were generated. ApoE−/−/LysM-PTP1B had improved glucose homeostasis with no body weight differences. ApoE−/−/LysM-PTP1B had lower lipids and protection against atherosclerotic plaques. Protection was via a PGE2/IL-10/AMPKα mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thompson
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - N Morrice
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - L Grant
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Le Sommer
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - K Ziegler
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK
| | - P Whitfield
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK
| | - N Mody
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H M Wilson
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M Delibegović
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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25
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Restaino RM, Deo SH, Parrish AR, Fadel PJ, Padilla J. Increased monocyte-derived reactive oxygen species in type 2 diabetes: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:139-153. [PMID: 27859785 DOI: 10.1113/ep085794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit increased oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including monocytes; however, the mechanisms remain unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? The main finding of this study is that factors contained within the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes can contribute to increased oxidative stress in monocytes, making them more adherent to endothelial cells. We show that these effects are largely mediated by the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and NADPH oxidase activity. Recent evidence suggests that exposure of human monocytes to glucolipotoxic media to mimic the composition of plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) results in the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The extent to which these findings translate to patients with T2D remains unclear. Thus, we first measured ROS (dihydroethidium fluorescence) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood of T2D patients (n = 8) and compared the values with age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 8). The T2D patients exhibited greater basal intracellular ROS (mean ± SD, +3.4 ± 1.4-fold; P < 0.05) compared with control subjects. Next, the increase in ROS in PBMCs isolated from T2D patients was partly recapitulated in cultured human monocytes (THP-1 cells) exposed to plasma from T2D patients for 36 h (+1.3 ± 0.08-fold versus plasma from control subjects; P < 0.05). In addition, we found that increased ROS formation in THP-1 cells treated with T2D plasma was NADPH oxidase derived and led to increased endothelial cell adhesion (+1.8 ± 0.5-fold; P < 0.05) and lipid uptake (+1.3 ± 0.3-fold; P < 0.05). Notably, we found that T2D plasma-induced monocyte ROS and downstream functional effects were abolished by treating cells with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a chemical chaperone known to inhibit ER stress. Collectively, these data indicate that monocyte ROS production with T2D can be attributed, in part, to signals from the circulating environment. Furthermore, an interplay between ER stress and NADPH oxidase activity contributes to ROS production and may be a mechanism mediating endothelial cell adhesion and foam cell formation in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Restaino
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shekhar H Deo
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alan R Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Paul J Fadel
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas-Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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26
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Iwata H, Goettsch C, Sharma A, Ricchiuto P, Goh WWB, Halu A, Yamada I, Yoshida H, Hara T, Wei M, Inoue N, Fukuda D, Mojcher A, Mattson PC, Barabási AL, Boothby M, Aikawa E, Singh SA, Aikawa M. PARP9 and PARP14 cross-regulate macrophage activation via STAT1 ADP-ribosylation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12849. [PMID: 27796300 PMCID: PMC5095532 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the global impact of macrophage activation in vascular disease, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here we show, with global proteomic analysis of macrophage cell lines treated with either IFNγ or IL-4, that PARP9 and PARP14 regulate macrophage activation. In primary macrophages, PARP9 and PARP14 have opposing roles in macrophage activation. PARP14 silencing induces pro-inflammatory genes and STAT1 phosphorylation in M(IFNγ) cells, whereas it suppresses anti-inflammatory gene expression and STAT6 phosphorylation in M(IL-4) cells. PARP9 silencing suppresses pro-inflammatory genes and STAT1 phosphorylation in M(IFNγ) cells. PARP14 induces ADP-ribosylation of STAT1, which is suppressed by PARP9. Mutations at these ADP-ribosylation sites lead to increased phosphorylation. Network analysis links PARP9-PARP14 with human coronary artery disease. PARP14 deficiency in haematopoietic cells accelerates the development and inflammatory burden of acute and chronic arterial lesions in mice. These findings suggest that PARP9 and PARP14 cross-regulate macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Physics, Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Piero Ricchiuto
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Iwao Yamada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Takuya Hara
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Noriyuki Inoue
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Mojcher
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Peter C Mattson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Physics, Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark Boothby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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27
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Steverson D, Tian L, Fu Y, Zhang W, Ma E, Garvey WT. Tribbles Homolog 3 Promotes Foam Cell Formation Associated with Decreased Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Macrophages: Evidence for Reciprocal Regulation of Cholesterol Uptake and Inflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015; 14:7-15. [PMID: 26584255 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is central in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease; however, common mechanisms that explain the parallel development of both type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis have not been elucidated. We have previously shown that tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) can exert a chronic pathophysiological role in promoting insulin resistance and also has an acute physiological role to alternatively regulate glucose uptake in fat and muscle during short-term fasting and nutrient excess. Since TRB3 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, we explored its role in foam cell formation to assess its potential contribution to atherogenesis. METHODS We have used human THP-1 monocytes, which transition to lipid-laden macrophage foam cells when exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). RESULTS We first observed that TRB3 was upregulated by more than twofold (P < 0.01) within 24 hr of treatment with ox-LDL. To determine whether TRB3 actively participated in foam cell formation, we overexpressed TRB3 in THP-1 monocytes and found that this led to a 1.5-fold increase in cholesterol accumulation after 48 hr (P < 0.01), compared with controls. At the same time, TRB3 overexpression suppressed inflammation in macrophages as evidenced by reduced expression and secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS (1) TRB3 is upregulated in macrophages upon treatment with ox-LDL; (2) TRB3 promotes lipid accumulation and suppresses cytokine expression; and (3) inflammation and foam cell formation can be reciprocally regulated, and TRB3 orients the macrophage to assume a more primary role for lipid accumulation while maintaining a secondary role as an inflammatory immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Steverson
- 1 Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama.,2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama
| | - Ling Tian
- 2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama
| | - Yuchang Fu
- 2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama
| | - Wei Zhang
- 2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama
| | - Elizabeth Ma
- 2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama
| | - William Timothy Garvey
- 2 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham Alabama.,3 Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
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28
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Dunster JL. The macrophage and its role in inflammation and tissue repair: mathematical and systems biology approaches. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 8:87-99. [PMID: 26459225 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are central to the inflammatory response and its ability to resolve effectively. They are complex cells that adopt a range of subtypes depending on the tissue type and stimulus that they find themselves under. This flexibility allows them to play multiple, sometimes opposing, roles in inflammation and tissue repair. Their central role in the inflammatory process is reflected in macrophage dysfunction being implicated in chronic inflammation and poorly healing wounds. In this study, we discuss recent attempts to model mathematically and computationally the macrophage and how it partakes in the complex processes of inflammation and tissue repair. There are increasing data describing the variety of macrophage phenotypes and their underlying transcriptional programs. Dynamic mathematical and computational models are an ideal way to test biological hypotheses against experimental data and could aid in understanding this multi-functional cell and its potential role as an attractive therapeutic target for inflammatory conditions and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Dunster
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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29
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Ohashi W, Hattori K, Hattori Y. Control of Macrophage Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Clinical Disorders Involving Chronic Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:240-250. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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30
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Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular events in humans increases in the presence of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, in large part due to exacerbated atherosclerosis. Genetically engineered mouse models have begun to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis. Research on these mouse models has revealed that diabetes independently accelerates initiation and progression of lesions of atherosclerosis and also impairs the regression of lesions following aggressive lipid lowering. Myeloid cell activation in combination with proatherogenic changes allowing for increased monocyte recruitment into arteries of diabetic mice has emerged as an important mediator of the effects of diabetes on the three stages of atherosclerosis. The effects of diabetes on atherosclerosis appear to be dependent on an interplay between glucose and lipids, as well as other factors, and result in increased recruitment of monocytes into both progressing and regressing lesions of atherosclerosis. Importantly, some of the mechanisms revealed by mouse models are now being studied in human subjects. This Perspective highlights new mechanistic findings based on mouse models of diabetes-exacerbated atherosclerosis and discusses the relevance to humans and areas in which more research is urgently needed in order to lessen the burden of macrovascular complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition and Department of Pathology, Diabetes and Obesity Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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31
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Wu X, Zhang J, Ge H, Gupte J, Baribault H, Lee KJ, Lemon B, Coberly S, Gong Y, Pan Z, Rulifson IC, Gardner J, Richards WG, Li Y. Soluble CLEC2 Extracellular Domain Improves Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis by Regulating Liver Kupffer Cell Polarization. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:214-24. [PMID: 26151067 PMCID: PMC4489977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of tissue resident macrophages toward the alternatively activated, anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is believed to positively impact obesity and insulin resistance. Here we show that the soluble form of the extracellular domain (ECD) of C-type lectin-like receptor 2, CLEC2, regulates Kupffer cell polarization in the liver and improves glucose and lipid parameters in diabetic animal models. Over-expression of Fc-CLEC2(ECD) in mice via in vivo gene delivery, or injection of recombinant Fc-CLEC2(ECD) protein, results in a reduction of blood glucose and liver triglyceride levels and improves glucose tolerance. Furthermore, Fc-CLEC2(ECD) treatment improves cytokine profiles and increases both the M2 macrophage population and the genes involved in the oxidation of lipid metabolism in the liver. These data reveal a previously unidentified role for CLEC2 as a regulator of macrophage polarity, and establish CLEC2 as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of diabetes and liver disease. CLEC2, a type II C-type lectin-like receptor, is expressed on a variety of cell types including Kupffer cells. Overexpression of CLEC2 ECD in mice improves glucose and lipid parameters and induces markers of alternatively activated Kupffer cells. CLEC2 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Wu
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Hongfei Ge
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jamila Gupte
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Helene Baribault
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Ki Jeong Lee
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Bryan Lemon
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Suzanne Coberly
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Zheng Pan
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Ingrid C Rulifson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - William G Richards
- Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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32
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Chen TC, Sung ML, Kuo HC, Chien SJ, Yen CK, Chen CN. Differential regulation of human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation by monocyte-derived macrophages from diabetic patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113752. [PMID: 25409512 PMCID: PMC4237499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage accumulation in the arterial wall and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its vascular complications. However, the effects of diabetic monocyte-derived macrophages on vascular SMC proliferation are not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the pro-proliferative effect of macrophages isolated from DM patients on vascular SMCs. Macrophage-conditioned media (MCM) were prepared from macrophages isolated from DM patients. DM-MCM treatment induced HASMC proliferation, decreased p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) expressions, and increased microRNA (miR)-17-5p and miR-221 expressions. Inhibition of either miR-17-5p or miR-221 inhibited DM-MCM-induced cell proliferation. Inhibition of miR-17-5p abolished DM-MCM-induced p21(Cip1) down-regulation; and inhibition of miR-221 attenuated the DM-MCM-induced p27(Kip1) down-regulation. Furthermore, blocking assays demonstrated that PDGF-CC in DM-MCM is the major mediators of cell proliferation in SMCs. In conclusion, our present data support the hypothesis that SMC proliferation stimulated by macrophages may play critical roles in vascular complications in DM patients and suggest a new mechanism by which arterial disease is accelerated in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aorta/cytology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Humans
- Lymphokines/analysis
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/analysis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Ling Sung
- Department of Cardiology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ju Chien
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Yen
- Department of Cardiology, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Zhang L, Cui Y, Fu F, Li Z, Pan X, Li H, Li L. An insight into the key genes and biological functions associated with insulin resistance in adipose tissue with microarray technology. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1963-7. [PMID: 25385661 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the key genes and biological functions associated with insulin resistance were investigated by comparing the gene expression profiles of adipose tissue obtained from insulin‑sensitive and insulin‑resistant patients. The gene expression data set GSE20950 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, including 39 adipose tissue samples obtained from insulin‑sensitive and insulin‑resistant patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Adipose samples were divided into two groups (the insulin‑sensitive and insulin‑resistant groups) and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out with packages of R. The interactions among DEGs were retrieved with Osprey and functional enrichment analysis was performed with the WebGestalt system. Information regarding the interaction network and enriched biological functions was combined to construct a functional interaction network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was then conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A total of 170 DEGs were detected in the insulin‑sensitive group, 8 downregulated and 162 upregulated. Response to glucose stimulus was the most significantly over‑represented functional term. The focal adhesion pathway was identified to be significant in the genes of the functional interaction network. The present study revealed key biological functions and DEGs in adipose tissues associated with insulin resistance, which may facilitate the development of novel therapies for insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Fangming Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzuo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Chistiakov DA, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis and diabetic macrovascular complications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:610140. [PMID: 25061609 PMCID: PMC4100367 DOI: 10.1155/2014/610140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are associated with stress of this cell organelle. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a normal physiological reaction of a cell in order to prevent accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the ER and improve the normal ER function. However, in pathologic conditions such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes, ER function becomes impaired, leading to the development of ER stress. In chronic ER stress, defective posttranslational protein folding results in deposits of aberrantly folded proteins in the ER and the induction of cell apoptosis mediated by UPR sensors C/EBPα-homologous protein (CHOP) and inositol requiring protein-1 (IRE1). Since ER stress and ER-induced cell death play a nonredundant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and diabetic macrovascular complications, pharmaceutical targeting of ER stress components and pathways may be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
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Johnston-Cox H, Eisenstein AS, Koupenova M, Carroll S, Ravid K. The macrophage A2B adenosine receptor regulates tissue insulin sensitivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98775. [PMID: 24892847 PMCID: PMC4043770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes continues to be an epidemic with significant risk for various pathologies. Previously, we identified the A2b adenosine receptor (A2bAR), an established regulator of inflammation, as a regulator of HFD-induced insulin resistance. In particular, HFD was associated with vast upregulation of liver A2bAR in control mice, and while mice lacking this receptor showed augmented liver inflammation and tissue insulin resistance. As the A2bAR is expressed in different tissues, here, we provide the first lead to cellular mechanism by demonstrating that the receptor's influence on tissue insulin sensitivity is mediated via its expression in macrophages. This was shown using a newly generated transgenic mouse model expressing the A2bAR gene in the macrophage lineage on an otherwise A2bAR null background. Reinstatement of macrophage A2bAR expression in A2bAR null mice fed HFD restored insulin tolerance and tissue insulin signaling to the level of control mice. The molecular mechanism for this effect involves A2bAR-mediated changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate in macrophages, reducing the expression and release of inflammatory cytokines, which downregulate insulin receptor-2. Thus, our results illustrate that macrophage A2bAR signaling is needed and sufficient for relaying the protective effect of the A2bAR against HFD-induced tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Johnston-Cox
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Eisenstein
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shannon Carroll
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Katya Ravid
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Bojic LA, Telford DE, Fullerton MD, Ford RJ, Sutherland BG, Edwards JY, Sawyez CG, Gros R, Kemp BE, Steinberg GR, Huff MW. PPARδ activation attenuates hepatic steatosis in Ldlr-/- mice by enhanced fat oxidation, reduced lipogenesis, and improved insulin sensitivity. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1254-66. [PMID: 24864274 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m046037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARδ regulates systemic lipid homeostasis and inflammation, but its role in hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. Here, we examine whether intervening with a selective PPARδ agonist corrects hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat, cholesterol-containing (HFHC) diet. Ldlr(-/-) mice were fed a chow or HFHC diet (42% fat, 0.2% cholesterol) for 4 weeks. For an additional 8 weeks, the HFHC group was fed HFHC or HFHC plus GW1516 (3 mg/kg/day). GW1516-intervention significantly attenuated liver TG accumulation by induction of FA β-oxidation and attenuation of FA synthesis. In primary mouse hepatocytes, GW1516 treatment stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in WT hepatocytes, but not AMPKβ1(-/-) hepatocytes. However, FA oxidation was only partially reduced in AMPKβ1(-/-) hepatocytes, suggesting an AMPK-independent contribution to the GW1516 effect. Similarly, PPARδ-mediated attenuation of FA synthesis was partially due to AMPK activation, as GW1516 reduced lipogenesis in WT hepatocytes but not AMPKβ1(-/-) hepatocytes. HFHC-fed animals were hyperinsulinemic and exhibited selective hepatic insulin resistance, which contributed to elevated fasting FA synthesis and hyperglycemia. GW1516 intervention normalized fasting hyperinsulinemia and selective hepatic insulin resistance and attenuated fasting FA synthesis and hyperglycemia. The HFHC diet polarized the liver toward a proinflammatory M1 state, which was reversed by GW1516 intervention. Thus, PPARδ agonist treatment inhibits the progression of preestablished hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar A Bojic
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Dawn E Telford
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Morgan D Fullerton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Rebecca J Ford
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Brian G Sutherland
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Jane Y Edwards
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Cynthia G Sawyez
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Robert Gros
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Physiology, Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Bruce E Kemp
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Murray W Huff
- Vascular Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Departments of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7 Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which constitutes a cardio-metabolic risk cluster, is becoming a global epidemic. It is a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state that confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. MetS is not only characterized by increased circulating biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress but also by dysregulation of a pivotal phagocyte, the circulating monocyte. Pertubations manifesting in monocytes of patients with MetS include increased Toll-like receptors, CD40-CD40L dyad, increased ER stress, increased CCR5 and Fc-γ receptors (CD32 and CD64). Additionally, the monocytes demonstrate increase in NADPH oxidase activity and decreased Nrf2, resulting in oxidative damage to biomolecules. Thus the dysregulated monocyte in MetS appears to be a critical cell in the predisposition of MetS patients to diabetes and CVD. Therapeutic strategies targeting monocytes can attenuate this risk and the most compelling data derives from studies with statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwarlal Jialal
- a Department of Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- b VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- c Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Uthra Rajamani
- a Department of Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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38
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Frantz S, Nahrendorf M. Cardiac macrophages and their role in ischaemic heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:240-8. [PMID: 24501331 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are abundant in the healthy heart and after myocardial infarction (MI). Different macrophage phenotypes likely promote myocardial health vs. disease. Infarct macrophages are inflammatory and derive from circulating monocytes produced by the haematopoietic system. These cells are centrally involved in inflammatory tissue remodelling, resolution of inflammation during post-MI healing, and left ventricular remodelling. Presumably, macrophages interact with myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Although macrophages are primarily recruited to the ischaemic myocardium, the remote non-ischaemic myocardium macrophage population changes dynamically after MI. Macrophages' known roles in defending the steady state and their pathological actions in other disease contexts provide a road map for exploring cardiac macrophages and their phenotypes, functions, and therapeutic potential. In our review, we summarize recent insights into the role of cardiac macrophages, focus on their actions after ischaemia, and highlight emerging research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstraße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Sun LY, Bartke A. Tissue-Specific GHR Knockout Mice: Metabolic Phenotypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:243. [PMID: 25646092 PMCID: PMC4298218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its major role in the regulation of somatic growth, growth hormone (GH) signaling has profound effects on function of various tissues in the body. However, the cellular location where the GH signaling exerts its effect on metabolic homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we briefly review recent progress and insights from mice with GH receptor deletion specifically in adipocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle cell types. These studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of the GH-IGF-I physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liou Y. Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Bartke, Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, Room 4389, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL 62794-9628, USA e-mail:
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40
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S6K1 negatively regulates TAK1 activity in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:510-21. [PMID: 24277938 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01225-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a key regulator in the signals transduced by proinflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The regulatory mechanism of TAK1 in response to various tissue types and stimuli remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) negatively regulates TLR-mediated signals by inhibiting TAK1 activity. S6K1 overexpression causes a marked reduction in NF-κB and AP-1 activity induced by stimulation of TLR2 or TLR4. In contrast, S6K1(-/-) and S6K1 knockdown cells display enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, S6K1(-/-) mice exhibit decreased survival in response to challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that S6K1 inhibits TAK1 kinase activity by interfering with the interaction between TAK1 and TAB1, which is a key regulator protein for TAK1 catalytic function. Upon stimulation with TLR ligands, S6K1 deficiency causes a marked increase in TAK1 kinase activity that in turn induces a substantial enhancement of NF-κB-dependent gene expression, indicating that S6K1 is negatively involved in the TLR signaling pathway by the inhibition of TAK1 activity. Our findings contribute to understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the impaired immune responses seen in type 2 diabetes, where S6K1 plays a key role both in driving insulin resistance and modulating TLR signaling.
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41
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Adiponectin increases macrophages cholesterol efflux and suppresses foam cell formation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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42
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Suh HN, Han HJ. Fibronectin-induced VEGF receptor and calcium channel transactivation stimulate GLUT-1 synthesis and trafficking through PPARγ and TC10 in mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2013; 10:371-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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43
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Komura T, Sakai Y, Honda M, Takamura T, Wada T, Kaneko S. ER stress induced impaired TLR signaling and macrophage differentiation of human monocytes. Cell Immunol 2013; 282:44-52. [PMID: 23665674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes impairment of the intracellular protein synthesis machinery, affecting various organ functions and homeostasis systems, including immunity. We found that ER stress induced by the N-linked glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, caused susceptibility to apoptosis in the human monocytic cell line, THP-1 cells. Importantly, prior to tunicamycin-induced apoptosis, the proinflammatory response to toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was attenuated with respect to the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines. This impaired expression of proinflammatory cytokines was a consequence of the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Moreover, tunicamycin-induced ER stress disturbed the differentiation of THP-1 cells into macrophages induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate treatment. We also confirmed that ER stress affected the response of primary human monocytes to TLR ligand and their ability to differentiate into macrophages. These data suggest that ER stress imposes an important pathological insult to the immune system, affecting the crucial functions of monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Komura
- Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University, 13-1, Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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44
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Abstract
A substantial body of evidence has reported that insulin has direct actions on the cardiovascular system independent of its systemic effects on plasma glucose or lipids. In particular, insulin regulates endothelial synthesis of the vasoactive mediators nitric oxide and endothelin-1, yet the importance of this in the maintenance of cardiovascular health remains poorly understood. Recent studies using animals with targeted downregulation of insulin signaling in vascular tissues are improving our understanding of the role of insulin in vascular health. This article focuses on the direct actions of insulin in cardiovascular tissues, with particular emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of insulin action on endothelial function. The potential contribution of impaired vascular insulin action to the cardiovascular complications of diabetes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Davidson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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45
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Marino F, Maresca AM, Cosentino M, Castiglioni L, Rasini E, Mongiardi C, Maio RC, Legnaro M, Schembri L, Dentali F, Grandi AM, Guasti L. Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptor expression in circulating monocytes of diabetic and hypercholesterolemic patients over 3-month rosuvastatin treatment. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:153. [PMID: 23259529 PMCID: PMC3549933 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In diabetes, a variety of pro-inflammatory cellular changes has been found in various cell types, including monocytes which are known to be involved in all the phases of atherogenesis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) mediates the pro-atherogenic effects of Ang II whereas the type 2 receptor (AT2R) seems associated with atheroprotection. We sought to investigate the potential changes of AT1R-AT2R expression in human monocytes of type 2 diabetic- hypercholesterolemic patients and in hypercholesterolemic subjects, upon clinical treatment with rosuvastatin. Methods The AT1R membrane protein and mRNA AT1R and AT2R expression in monocytes were investigated in 10 type 2 diabetic-hypercholesterolemic patients and in 10 hypercholesterolemic subjects, before and after 3-month rosuvastatin treatment. Moreover, the serum cytokine levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were detected. Results As expected, rosuvastatin was associated with a change in the lipid profile in the two groups. Both the membrane protein (P = 0.008) and the AT1R mRNA expression (P = 0.038) were significantly reduced during treatment in the absence of AT2R expression change in diabetic-hypercholesterolemic patients whereas no significant difference was observed in hypercholesterolemic subjects. The serum IL-4 levels were increased during treatment whereas no change was observed in IFN-γ in diabetic-hypercholesterolemic patients. No cytokine change was observed in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Conclusions Our study on monocytes of diabetic-hypercholesterolemic patients, showing a reduced AT1R but not AT2R expression during rosuvastatin treatment, suggests that statin therapy may modulate favorably the AT1-AT2 receptor balance in subjects with coexistent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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46
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Rajwani A, Cubbon RM, Wheatcroft SB. Cell-specific insulin resistance: implications for atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:627-34. [PMID: 22987644 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is increasingly acknowledged as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite this, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that might account for this relationship remain incompletely understood. A key challenge has been in distinguishing between a 'whole-body' milieu of inflammation and oxidative stress from the ramifications of cell-specific resistance to insulin. Transgenic models have now begun to explore the cellular influences of insulin resistance on vascular biology, with novel implications for atherosclerosis across a range of cells including endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and fibroblasts. Emerging data from these models have also begun to challenge conventional dogma. In particular, the findings across various cell types are disparate with some even implying a protective influence on vascular biology. We now review these data, highlighting recent advances in our understanding of cellular resistance to insulin as well as those areas where there remains a paucity of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rajwani
- Division of Cardiovascular & Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Heath & Therapeutics and the Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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Palvinskaya T, Antkowiak M, Burg E, Lenox CC, Ubags N, Cramer A, Rincón M, Dixon AE, Fessler MB, Poynter ME, Suratt BT. Effects of acute and chronic low density lipoprotein exposure on neutrophil function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2012; 26:405-11. [PMID: 23084986 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that obesity and the metabolic syndrome have significant but often divergent effects on the innate immune system. These effects have been best established in monocytes and macrophages, particularly as a consequence of the hypercholesterolemic state. We have recently described defects in neutrophil function in the setting of both obesity and hypercholesterolemia, and hypothesized that exposure to elevated levels of lipoproteins, particularly LDL its oxidized forms, contributed to these defects. As a model of chronic cholesterol exposure, we examined functional responses of bone marrow neutrophils isolated from non-obese mice with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia compared to normal cholesterol controls. Chemotaxis, calcium flux, CD11b display, and F-actin polymerization were assayed in response to several chemoattractants, while neutrophil cytokine transcriptional response was determined to LPS. Following this, the acute effects of isolated LDL and its oxidized forms on normal neutrophils were assayed using the same functional assays. We found that neutrophils from non-obese hypercholesterolemic mice had blunted chemotaxis, altered calcium flux, and normal to augmented CD11b display with prolonged actin polymerization in response to stimuli. In response to acute exposure to lipoproteins, neutrophils showed chemotaxis to LDL which increased with the degree of LDL oxidation. Paradoxically, LDL oxidation yielded the opposite effect on LDL-induced CD11b display and actin polymerization, and both native and oxidized LDL were found to induce neutrophil transcription of the monocyte chemoattractant MCP-1. Together these findings suggest that chronic hypercholesterolemia impairs neutrophil functional responses, and these defects may be in part due to protracted signaling responses to LDL and its oxidized forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Palvinskaya
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Liang CP, Han S, Li G, Tabas I, Tall AR. Impaired MEK signaling and SERCA expression promote ER stress and apoptosis in insulin-resistant macrophages and are reversed by exenatide treatment. Diabetes 2012; 61:2609-20. [PMID: 22751695 PMCID: PMC3447920 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic lipids evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptotic death of macrophages and vascular cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Primary macrophages from insulin-resistant ob/ob and insulin receptor (Insr)(-/-) mice display increased apoptosis in response to loading with free cholesterol or oxysterol, but underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. We show increased activation of all three major branches of the UPR in response to free cholesterol or oxysterol loading in insulin-resistant macrophages. Inhibition and rescue experiments revealed that defective MEK/extracellular signal\x{2013}related kinase (ERK)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREBP) signaling in insulin-resistant macrophages leads to decreased expression of sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+)-ATPase, depletion of ER calcium stores, PKR-like ER kinase activation, and ER stress-associated apoptosis. Activation of macrophage glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor via the antidiabetic drug exenatide led to improvements in both ERK and AKT signaling and reversed the increase in UPR and apoptosis of insulin-resistant macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of ob/ob.Ldlr(-/-) and Insr(-/-).Ldlr(-/-) mice. Increased signaling via GLP-1 receptor or the CREBP activator protein kinase A thus offers a way to rescue insulin-resistant macrophages from excessive ER stress responses and apoptosis in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ping Liang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
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Eberle C, Merki E, Yamashita T, Johnson S, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Napoli C, Palinski W. Maternal immunization affects in utero programming of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45361. [PMID: 23028961 PMCID: PMC3445481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immunization with oxidized lipoproteins prior to pregnancy protects against atherogenic in utero programming by gestational hypercholesterolemia and enhances beneficial lymphocyte-dependent immune responses in offspring. To determine whether in utero programming and immunomodulation also affect insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes, we investigated the effects of immunization on glucose and insulin responses in LDL receptor-deficient mice fed regular or 60% sucrose diets, as well as in offspring fed 0.5% cholesterol or 60% sucrose diets. IR was assessed by fasting glucose and insulin levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, glucose clamps, pancreatic immunohistochemistry and plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Immunizations improved glucose responses in both genders and protected both immunized mice and their offspring against IR and type 2 diabetes. Protection occurred even under euglycemic conditions, but was greatest in obese males exposed to very obesogenic/diabetogenic conditions. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps confirmed that maternal immunization protected mainly by reducing IR, but pancreatic immunocytochemistry also indicated some protection against beta cell damage. Maternal immunization was associated with marked regulation in offspring of 4 genes relevant to diabetes and 19 genes of importance for oxidative stress, as well as increased hepatic activities of key antioxidant enzymes. These findings establish that targeted immunomodulation may be used to protect immunized subjects and their offspring against IR and type 2 diabetes, and thus to reduce cardiovascular risk. They also support the notion that in utero programming influences offspring disease not by a single mechanism, but by multiple systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eberle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Esther Merki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susie Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Armando
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of General Pathology and Excellence Research Center on Cardiovascular Disease, First School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Wulf Palinski
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for the development of insulin and leptin resistance, ultimately leading to a pleiotropic spectrum of metabolic alterations. However, resistance to both hormones does not uniformly affect all target cells and intracellular signaling pathways. In contrast, numerous clinical phenotypes arise from selective hormone resistance, leading to inhibition of defined intracellular signaling pathways in some tissues, while in other cell types hormone action is maintained or even overactivated. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms and clinical outcomes resulting from selective insulin and leptin resistance, which should ultimately guide future strategies for the treatment of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Christine Könner
- Department of Mouse Genetics and Metabolism, Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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