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Leibold NS, Despa F. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin: Rationale for a mechanistic hypothesis. Biophys Chem 2024; 310:107252. [PMID: 38663120 PMCID: PMC11111340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2024.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Amylin is a systemic neuroendocrine hormone co-expressed and co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells. In persons with thype-2 diabetes, amylin forms pancreatic amyloid triggering inflammasome and interleukin-1β signaling and inducing β-cell apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent progress in understanding the potential link between amyloid-forming pancreatic amylin and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical data describing amylin pathology in AD alongside mechanistic studies in animals are reviewed. Data from multiple research teams indicate higher amylin concentrations are associated with increased frequency of cognitive impairment and amylin co-aggregates with β-amyloid in AD-type dementia. Evidence from rodent models further suggests cerebrovascular amylin accumulation as a causative factor underlying neurological deficits. Analysis of relevant literature suggests that modulating the amylin-interleukin-1β pathway may provide an approach for counteracting neuroinflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah S Leibold
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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2
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Tarhan M, Hartl T, Shchyglo O, Colitti-Klausnitzer J, Kuhla A, Breuer TM, Manahan-Vaughan D. Changes in hippocampal volume, synaptic plasticity and amylin sensitivity in an animal model of type 2 diabetes are associated with increased vulnerability to amyloid-beta in advancing age. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1373477. [PMID: 38974903 PMCID: PMC11224464 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1373477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder that is considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cognitive impairment can arise due to hypoglycemia associated with T2D, and hyperamylinemia associated with insulin resistance can enhance AD pathology. We explored whether changes occur in the hippocampus in aging (6-12 months old) female V-Lep○b-/- transgenic (tg) mice, comprising an animal model of T2D. We also investigated whether an increase in vulnerability to Aβ (1-42), a known pathological hallmark of AD, is evident. Using magnetic resonance imaging we detected significant decreases in hippocampal brain volume in female tg-mice compared to wild-type (wt) littermates. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in tg compared to wt mice. Treatment of the hippocampus with Aβ (1-42) elicited a stronger debilitation of LTP in tg compared to wt mice. Treatment with an amylin antagonist (AC187) significantly enhanced LTP in wt and tg mice, and rescued LTP in Aβ (1-42)-treated tg mice. Taken together our data indicate that a T2D-like state results in an increased vulnerability of the hippocampus to the debilitating effects of Aβ (1-42) and that effects are mediated in part by changes in amylin receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Tarhan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Hartl
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Bochum, Germany
| | - Olena Shchyglo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Angela Kuhla
- Rudolf Zenker Institute for Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Bochum, Germany
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3
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Visanji M, Venegas-Pino DE, Werstuck GH. Understanding One Half of the Sex Difference Equation: The Modulatory Effects of Testosterone on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:551-561. [PMID: 38061627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent disease, primarily characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Significantly higher rates of myocardial dysfunction have been noted in individuals with diabetes, even in those without coronary artery disease or high blood pressure (hypertension). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been identified through which diabetes contributes to the pathology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which presents as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. At the cellular level, oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiomyocytes are triggered by hyperglycemia. Although males are generally more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than females, diabetic males are less likely to develop diabetic cardiomyopathy than are diabetic females. One reason for these differences may be the higher levels of serum testosterone in males compared with females. Although testosterone appears to protect against cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and exacerbate hypertrophy, its role in inflammation and fibrosis is much less clear. Additional preclinical and clinical studies will be required to delineate testosterone's effect on the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika'il Visanji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Geoff H Werstuck
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Hafiane A. Adiponectin-mediated regulation of the adiponectin cascade in cardiovascular disease: Updates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 694:149406. [PMID: 38134479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine function of white adipose tissue is characterized by the synthesis of one its main hormones: adiponectin. Although the biological role of adiponectin has not been fully defined, clinical and experimental observations have shown that low plasma concentrations of adiponectin participate in the prevalence of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases, mainly in obese patients. Adiponectin also exerts its effects on the heart and blood vessels, thereby influencing their physiology. Studying the effects of adiponectin presents some complexities, primarily due to potential cross-interactions and interference with other pathways, such as the AdipoR1/R2 pathways. Under optimal conditions, the activation of the adiponectin cascade may involve signals such as AMPK and PPARα. Interestingly, these pathways may trigger similar responses, such as fatty acid oxidation. Understanding the downstream effectors of these pathways is crucial to comprehend the extent to which adiponectin signaling impacts metabolism. In this review, the aim is to explore the current mechanisms that regulate the adiponectin pathways. Additionally, updates on the major downstream factors involved in adiponectin signaling are provided, specifically in relation to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Das S, Verma N, Goldstein LB, Despa F. Skin capillary amylin deposition resembles brain amylin vasculopathy in rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:107300. [PMID: 37572602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human amylin is a 37 amino-acid pancreatic peptide that forms neuro-toxic aggregates that deposit in the endothelium of brain capillaries of patients with diabetes, potentially contributing to cerebral small vessel ischemic injury. Pathogenic amylin also deposits in the capillary endothelium in other organs, including the skin. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that skin capillary amylin deposition correlates with cerebral small vessel amylin deposition, potentially providing a clinically useful marker of cerebral amylin deposition. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for human amylin and collagen IV in brain and skin sections of rats (age 15-16 months) with pancreatic overexpression of amyloidogenic human amylin polypeptide (HIP rats), and control rats (Wild type; WT; rats that express non-amyloidogenic rat amylin) using antibodies binding amylin (n = 5 male and 5 female rats for each group) and antibodies binding Hypoxia inducing factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α (n = 3 for each group). The reactive amylin-aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adduct was measured in skin homogenates. (n = 4 for each group) RESULTS: Brain capillaries isolated from HIP rats had higher amylin content compared to WT rats using Western blot with anti-amylin antibody (p = 0.0010). The HIF-1α and HIF-2α immunoreactivity signals in skin from HIP and WT rats were similar (p = 0.2 for HIF-1 α, and p = 0.75 for HIF-2α). Amylin-4HNE adduct formation was higher in HIP rats compared to WT rats (p = 0.0014). There was phenotypic similarity between brain and skin capillary amylin based on co-staining for human amylin and collagen IV in both HIP and WT rats. CONCLUSION Skin and brain capillary amylin deposition are similar providing evidence that a skin biopsy might be providing a potential biomarker for diabetes-associated intracranial vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Das
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, United States.
| | - Nirmal Verma
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Larry B Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, United States. https://twitter.com/https://twitter.com/LBGoldsteinMD
| | - Florin Despa
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, United States. https://twitter.com/https://twitter.com/UKyNeuroscience
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Mathrani A, Yip W, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Barnett D, Stevenson O, Taylor MW, Poppitt SD. Effect of a 12-Week Polyphenol Rutin Intervention on Markers of Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Gut Microbiota in Adults with Overweight without Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:3360. [PMID: 37571297 PMCID: PMC10420824 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with prebiotic polyphenol rutin is a potential dietary therapy for type 2 diabetes prevention in adults with obesity, based on previous glycaemic improvement in transgenic mouse models. Gut microbiota are hypothesised to underpin these effects. We investigated the effect of rutin supplementation on pancreatic β-cell function measured as C-peptide/glucose ratio, and 16S rRNA gene-based gut microbiota profiles, in a cohort of individuals with overweight plus normoglycaemia or prediabetes. Eighty-seven participants were enrolled, aged 18-65 years with BMI of 23-35 kg/m2. This was a 12-week double-blind randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 3 treatments comprising (i) placebo control, (ii) 500 mg/day encapsulated rutin, and (iii) 500 mg/day rutin-supplemented yoghurt. A 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at baseline and at the end of the trial, with faecal samples also collected. Compliance with treatment was high (~90%), but rutin in both capsule and dietary format did not alter pancreatic β-cell response to OGTT over 12 weeks. Gut bacterial community composition also did not significantly change, with Firmicutes dominating irrespective of treatment. Fasting plasma glucose negatively correlated with the abundance of the butyrate producer Roseburia inulinivorans, known for its anti-inflammatory capacity. This is the first RCT to investigate postprandial pancreatic β-cell function in response to rutin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akarsh Mathrani
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (A.M.); (W.Y.); (I.R.S.-B.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Yip
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (A.M.); (W.Y.); (I.R.S.-B.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
| | - Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (A.M.); (W.Y.); (I.R.S.-B.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Oliver Stevenson
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (D.B.); (O.S.)
| | - Michael W. Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (A.M.); (W.Y.); (I.R.S.-B.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Sally D. Poppitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; (A.M.); (W.Y.); (I.R.S.-B.)
- High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland 1024, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Velmurugan S, Liu T, Chen KC, Despa F, O'Rourke B, Despa S. Distinct Effects of Mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger Inhibition and Ca 2+ Uniporter Activation on Ca 2+ Sparks and Arrhythmogenesis in Diabetic Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029997. [PMID: 37421267 PMCID: PMC10382117 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.029997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the cardiac remodeling triggered by type 2 diabetes (T2D). Mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) modulates the oxidative state and cytosolic Ca2+ regulation. Thus, we investigated how T2D affects mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes, the downstream consequences on myocyte function, and the effects of normalizing mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Methods and Results We compared myocytes/hearts from transgenic rats with late-onset T2D (rats that develop late-onset T2D due to heterozygous expression of human amylin in the pancreatic β-cells [HIP] model) and their nondiabetic wild-type (WT) littermates. [Ca2+]m was significantly lower in myocytes from diabetic HIP rats compared with WT cells. Ca2+ extrusion through the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (mitoNCX) was elevated in HIP versus WT myocytes, particularly at moderate and high [Ca2+]m, while mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was diminished. Mitochondrial Na+ concentration was comparable in WT and HIP rat myocytes and remained remarkably stable while manipulating mitoNCX activity. Lower [Ca2+]m was associated with oxidative stress, increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in the form of Ca2+ sparks, and mitochondrial dysfunction in T2D hearts. MitoNCX inhibition with CGP-37157 reduced oxidative stress, Ca2+ spark frequency, and stress-induced arrhythmias in HIP rat hearts while having no significant effect in WT rats. In contrast, activation of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter with SB-202190 enhanced spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and had no significant effect on arrhythmias in both WT and HIP rat hearts. Conclusions [Ca2+]m is reduced in myocytes from rats with T2D due to a combination of exacerbated mitochondrial Ca2+ extrusion through mitoNCX and impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Partial mitoNCX inhibition limits sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and arrhythmias in T2D hearts, whereas mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter activation does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kuey C. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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Bera A, Ghosh P, Ghosh S, Mukherjee A, De P. Antioxidant Polymers with Enhanced Neuroprotection Against Insulin Fibrillation. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300100. [PMID: 37092867 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipoic acid (LA) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are well established antioxidants to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, they are carboxylates with ≈4.7 pKa making them negatively charged at physiological pH (7.4) reducing their passive diffusion through cell membranes. LA is known to be capable of reducing protein fibrillation. Incorporation of LA and especially DHLA in polymer side chains are scarce. Herein, the first examples of the anti-amyloidogenic effect of LA and DHLA incorporated into the side-chain of a block copolymer with a water-soluble poly(polyethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) segment are presented. The resultant polymers show improved ROS scavenging activity and improved ability to reduce insulin fibrillation compared to free LA and DHLA. Furthermore, the resultant polymers are also capable of disintegrating preformed insulin firbrils. Interestingly, polymers with dihydro-lipoate moieties showed 93% free radical scavenging activity with 91% anti-fibrillating efficacies for insulin protein confirmed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and Thioflavin T (ThT) dye binding study, respectively. Further, the antioxidant polymers increase the cell viability against fibrillar insulin aggregates that may be involved in the etiology of several diseases. Overall, this work reveals that antioxidant polymer-based therapeutic agents can serve as a powerful modulation strategy for developing novel drugs in future against amyloid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Bera
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Shilpendu Ghosh
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Arindam Mukherjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
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Roy D, Maity NC, Kumar S, Maity A, Ratha BN, Biswas R, Maiti NC, Mandal AK, Bhunia A. Modulatory role of copper on hIAPP aggregation and toxicity in presence of insulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124470. [PMID: 37088193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of the human islets amyloid polypeptide, or hIAPP, is linked to β-cell death in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Different pancreatic β-cell environmental variables such as pH, insulin and metal ions play a key role in controlling the hIAPP aggregation. Since insulin and hIAPP are co-secreted, it is known from numerous studies that insulin suppresses hIAPP fibrillation by preventing the initial dimerization process. On the other hand, zinc and copper each have an inhibitory impact on hIAPP fibrillation, but copper promotes the production of toxic oligomers. Interestingly, the insulin oligomeric equilibrium is controlled by the concentration of zinc ions when the effect of insulin and zinc has been tested together. Lower zinc concentrations cause the equilibrium to shift towards the monomer and dimer states of insulin, which bind to monomeric hIAPP and stop it from developing into a fibril. On the other hand, the combined effects of copper and insulin have not yet been done. In this study, we have demonstrated how the presence of copper affects hIAPP aggregation and the toxicity of the resultant conformers with or without insulin. For this purpose, we have used a set of biophysical techniques, including NMR, fluorescence, CD etc., in combination with AFM and cell cytotoxicity assay. In the presence and/or absence of insulin, copper induces hIAPP to form structurally distinct stable toxic oligomers, deterring the fibrillation process. More specifically, the oligomers generated in the presence of insulin have slightly higher toxicity than those formed in the absence of insulin. This research will increase our understanding of the combined modulatory effect of two β-cell environmental factors on hIAPP aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sctor V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Maity
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sourav Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sctor V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Anupam Maity
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bhisma N Ratha
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sctor V, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Ranjit Biswas
- Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Nakul Chandra Maiti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Atin Kumar Mandal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sctor V, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Anirban Bhunia
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus, Salt Lake, Sctor V, Kolkata 700091, India.
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Lutz TA. Mammalian models of diabetes mellitus, with a focus on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:350-360. [PMID: 36941447 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Although no single animal model replicates all aspects of diabetes mellitus in humans, animal models are essential for the study of energy balance and metabolism control as well as to investigate the reasons for their imbalance that could eventually lead to overt metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most frequently used animal models in diabetes mellitus research are small rodents that harbour spontaneous genetic mutations or that can be manipulated genetically or by other means to influence their nutrient metabolism and nutrient handling. Non-rodent species, including pigs, cats and dogs, are also useful models in diabetes mellitus research. This Review will outline the advantages and disadvantages of selected animal models of diabetes mellitus to build a basis for their most appropriate use in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Association of Islet Amyloid Polypeptide to C-Peptide Ratio With Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study. Pancreas 2022; 51:1029-1036. [PMID: 36607950 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) related diabetes (CFRD) improves health outcomes and reduces CF-related mortality. The study aims to evaluate the ratio of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) to C-peptide in CF patients with diabetes and without diabetes. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in a prospective cohort of 33 participants (CF [n = 16] and CFRD [n = 18]). We examined the association of plasma IAPP:C-peptide ratio with clinical information, including glycated hemoglobin, and lung function markers. RESULTS The median (interquartile range) IAPP:C-peptide ratio was significantly (P = 0.004) higher in people with CFRD (4.8 [4.5]) compared with participants without CFRD (12.1 [19.7]). The ratio of IAPP to C-peptide significantly accounted for a 38% variation in the diabetes status in patients with CF (r2 = 0.399, P < 0.001). Islet amyloid polypeptide is strongly correlated with serum ferritin levels (r = 0.683, P = 0.005) and forced expiratory volume in CFRD, but not in nondiabetic participants with CF. CONCLUSIONS Islet amyloid polypeptide:C-peptide ratio could be a potential marker of CFRD in adults with CF. Further research requires validation of this marker in longitudinal cohort studies to confirm the capability of IAPP:C-peptide to predict CFRD.
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Tsaryk I, Pashkovska N. Relationship between the Level of Amylinemia and Albuminuria Categories in Patients with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: β-cells of islets of Langerhans produce not only insulin but another hormone – amylin, whose role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not known for certain.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between amylinemia and albuminuria categories in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and CKD.
METHODS: 89 patients with DM and CKD were examined, as well as 15 representatives of the control group. The patients were divided into three groups by the types of DM: 36 patients with LADA, 25 patients with classical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and 28 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Serum amylin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
RESULTS: In the group of patients with LADA, the amylin content was 9.0 times higher than in control (p < 0.01) and 6.8 times higher compared to classical T1D (p < 0.01); at the same time, it was 17.3% lower than in T2D group (p < 0.05). In patients with T1D, the level of amylinemia did not change, whereas in T2D group it was 10.8 times significantly higher compared to the control and 8.3 times higher than in the group of patients with classical T1D. The highest indicator was registered in patients with LADA2 phenotype. The level of amylin was increasing in proportion to the categories of albuminuria. Positive correlations were found between the content of amylin and insulin, C-peptide, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index and creatinine.
CONCLUSION: Serum amylin level significantly increases progrediently to the albuminuria categories in patients with LADA (especially in LADA2 phenotype) and T2D.
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Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231205. [PMID: 35475576 PMCID: PMC9118370 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 40 identified human disorders that involve certain proteins folding incorrectly, accumulating in the body causing damage to cells and organs and causing disease. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of these protein misfolding disorders (PMDs) and involves human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) misfolding and accumulating in parts of the body, primarily in the pancreas, causing damage to islet cells and affecting glucose regulation. In this review, we have summarised our current understanding of what causes hIAPP to misfold, what conformations are found in different parts of the body with a particular focus on what is known about the structure of hIAPP and how this links to T2DM. Understanding the molecular basis behind these misfolding events is essential for understanding the role of hIAPP to develop better therapeutics since type 2 diabetes currently affects over 4.9 million people in the United Kingdom alone and is predicted to increase as our population ages.
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Roham PH, Save SN, Sharma S. Human islet amyloid polypeptide: A therapeutic target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:556-569. [PMID: 36105173 PMCID: PMC9463490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other metabolic disorders are often silent and go unnoticed in patients because of the lack of suitable prognostic and diagnostic markers. The current therapeutic regimens available for managing T2DM do not reverse diabetes; instead, they delay the progression of diabetes. Their efficacy (in principle) may be significantly improved if implemented at earlier stages. The misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) or amylin has been associated with a gradual decrease in pancreatic β-cell function and mass in patients with T2DM. Hence, hIAPP has been recognized as a therapeutic target for managing T2DM. This review summarizes hIAPP's role in mediating dysfunction and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokine secretion, autophagy blockade, etc. Furthermore, it explores the possibility of using intermediates of the hIAPP aggregation pathway as potential drug targets for T2DM management. Finally, the effects of common antidiabetic molecules and repurposed drugs; other hIAPP mimetics and peptides; small organic molecules and natural compounds; nanoparticles, nanobodies, and quantum dots; metals and metal complexes; and chaperones that have demonstrated potential to inhibit and/or reverse hIAPP aggregation and can, therefore, be further developed for managing T2DM have been discussed. Misfolded species of hIAPP form toxic oligomers in pancreatic β-cells. hIAPP amyloids has been detected in the pancreas of about 90% subjects with T2DM. Inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation can help manage T2DM.
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Khemtemourian L, Fatafta H, Davion B, Lecomte S, Castano S, Strodel B. Structural Dissection of the First Events Following Membrane Binding of the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:849979. [PMID: 35372496 PMCID: PMC8965455 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.849979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is the main constituent of the amyloid fibrils found in the pancreas of type 2 diabetes patients. The aggregation of IAPP is known to cause cell death, where the cell membrane plays a dual role: being a catalyst of IAPP aggregation and being the target of IAPP toxicity. Using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations we investigate the very first molecular steps following IAPP binding to a lipid membrane. In particular, we assess the combined effects of the charge state of amino-acid residue 18 and the IAPP-membrane interactions on the structures of monomeric and aggregated IAPP. Distinct IAPP-membrane interaction modes for the various IAPP variants are revealed. Membrane binding causes IAPP to fold into an amphipathic α-helix, which in the case of H18K-, and H18R-IAPP readily moves beyond the headgroup region. For all IAPP variants but H18E-IAPP, the membrane-bound helix is an intermediate on the way to amyloid aggregation, while H18E-IAPP remains in a stable helical conformation. The fibrillar aggregates of wild-type IAPP and H18K-IAPP are dominated by an antiparallel β-sheet conformation, while H18R- and H18A-IAPP exhibit both antiparallel and parallel β-sheets as well as amorphous aggregates. Our results emphasize the decisive role of residue 18 for the structure and membrane interaction of IAPP. This residue is thus a good therapeutic target for destabilizing membrane-bound IAPP fibrils to inhibit their toxic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Khemtemourian
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux IMP, CBMN, Pessac, France
- *Correspondence: Lucie Khemtemourian, ; Birgit Strodel,
| | - Hebah Fatafta
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Jülich, Germany
| | - Benoit Davion
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux IMP, CBMN, Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux IMP, CBMN, Pessac, France
| | - Sabine Castano
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux IMP, CBMN, Pessac, France
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Structural Biochemistry, Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct, Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lucie Khemtemourian, ; Birgit Strodel,
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Bartosova L, Horvath C, Galis P, Ferenczyova K, Kalocayova B, Szobi A, Duris-Adameova A, Bartekova M, Rajtik T. Quercetin alleviates diastolic dysfunction and suppresses adverse pro-hypertrophic signaling in diabetic rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029750. [PMID: 36568083 PMCID: PMC9772025 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quercetin (Que) is a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoid with cardioprotective potential. However, very little is known about the signaling pathways and gene regulatory proteins Que may interfere with, especially in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, we aimed to study the potential cardioprotective effects of Que on the cardiac phenotype of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accompanied by obesity. METHODS For this experiment, we used Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats (fa/fa) and their age-matched lean controls (fa/+) that were treated with either vehicle or 20 mg/kg/day of Que for 6 weeks. Animals underwent echocardiographic (echo) examination before the first administration of Que and after 6 weeks. RESULTS After the initial echo examination, the diabetic rats showed increased E/A ratio, a marker of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, in comparison to the control group which was selectively reversed by Que. Following the echo analysis, Que reduced LV wall thickness and exhibited an opposite effect on LV luminal area. In support of these results, the total collagen content measured by hydroxyproline assay was decreased in the LVs of diabetic rats treated with Que. The follow-up immunoblot analysis of proteins conveying cardiac remodeling pathways revealed that Que was able to interfere with cardiac pro-hypertrophic signaling. In fact, Que reduced relative protein expression of pro-hypertrophic transcriptional factor MEF2 and its counter-regulator HDAC4 along with pSer246-HDAC4. Furthermore, Que showed potency to decrease GATA4 transcription factor, NFAT3 and calcineurin, as well as upstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase Erk5 which orchestrates several pro-hypertrophic pathways. DISCUSSION In summary, we showed for the first time that Que ameliorated pro-hypertrophic signaling on the level of epigenetic regulation and targeted specific upstream pathways which provoked inhibition of pro-hypertrophic signals in ZDF rats. Moreover, Que mitigated T2DM and obesity-induced diastolic dysfunction, therefore, might represent an interesting target for future research on novel cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Csaba Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristina Ferenczyova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adrian Szobi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adriana Duris-Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Tomas Rajtik, ; Monika Bartekova,
| | - Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Tomas Rajtik, ; Monika Bartekova,
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Takahashi K, Mizukami H, Osonoi S, Takeuchi Y, Kudoh K, Sasaki T, Daimon M, Yagihashi S. Islet microangiopathy and augmented β-cell loss in Japanese non-obese type 2 diabetes patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:2149-2161. [PMID: 34032392 PMCID: PMC8668063 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Islets have microvessels that might develop pathological alterations similar to microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes patients. It remains unclear, however, whether the changes correlate with endocrine cell deficits or whether the presence of macroangiopathy influences the islet microvasculature in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients. In this study, we characterized changes of the islet microvessels and endocrine cells in Japanese non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes who died of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical profiles and islet pathology were examined for 35 diabetes patients who died of AMI (DM + AMI) and 13 diabetes patients who were free from AMI (DM). A total of 13 age-matched, individuals without diabetes who died of AMI and 16 individuals without diabetes who were free from AMI were also studied. Pancreata were subjected to morphometric evaluation of islets, including microvascular alterations of immunostained sections. RESULTS Body mass index in DM + AMI was comparable to those in DM. Compared with DM, DM + AMI showed greater glycated hemoglobin levels, higher prevalence of renal failure, hypertension, smaller β-cell volume density and greater amyloid area. DM + AMI showed an increased microvascular area and density compared with other groups. There was a significant increase in vascular basement membrane thickness and loss of pericytes in DM and DM + AMI compared with individuals without diabetes in each group, and the extent of thickening was correlated with the amyloid area and occurrence of β-cell loss in DM + AMI. CONCLUSIONS Islet microangiopathy was associated with augmented β-cell loss and amyloid deposition in non-obese Japanese type 2 diabetes patients who died of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Takanori Sasaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Makoto Daimon
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosaki, AomoriJapan
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18
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Alkasabera A, Onyali CB, Anim-Koranteng C, Shah HE, Ethirajulu A, Bhawnani N, Mostafa JA. The Effect of Type-2 Diabetes on Cognitive Status and the Role of Anti-diabetes Medications. Cureus 2021; 13:e19176. [PMID: 34877187 PMCID: PMC8642129 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus prevalence is constantly increasing; this is explained by the increase of its risk factors and the amelioration of its management. Therefore, people are living longer with diabetes mellitus, which, in turn, has revealed new complications of the disease. Dementia is represented mainly by Alzheimer's disease and is an interesting topic of study. Accordingly, statistics have shown that dementia incidence is doubled in diabetic patients. The establishment of a relation between type-2 diabetes mellitus was studied on several levels in both humans and animal subjects. First, insulin receptors were found in the brain, especially the hippocampus, and insulin transport to the brain is mainly accomplished through the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, several studies showed that insulin affects multiple neurotransmitters in favor of promoting memory and cognition status. Thirdly, multiple pathological studies showed that insulin and Alzheimer's disease share many common lesions in the brain, such as beta-amyloid plaques, amylin-Aβ plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau protein, and brain atrophy, especially in the hippocampus. After recognizing the positive effect of insulin on cognitive status, and the harmful effect of insulin resistance on cognitive status, multiple studies were focused on the role of anti-diabetes medications in fighting dementia. Consequently, these studies showed a positive impact of oral anti-diabetes medication, as well as insulin in limiting the progression of dementia and promoting cognitive status. Moreover, their effects were also noticed on limiting the pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we can consider type-2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, this can be used on the pharmaceutical level by the promising implication of antidiabetics as a treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease or at least to limit its progression. However, multiple clinical studies should be dedicated to proving the true benefits of anti-diabetes medications in treating dementia before they can be used in reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almothana Alkasabera
- General Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | | | - Hira E Shah
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aarthi Ethirajulu
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nitin Bhawnani
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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19
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Verma N, Srodulski S, Velmurugan S, Hoskins A, Pandey VK, Despa F, Despa S. Gestational diabetes triggers postpartum cardiac hypertrophy via activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20926. [PMID: 34686739 PMCID: PMC8536766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Population-based studies identified an association between a prior pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction later in life. It is however unclear whether GDM initiates this phenotype and what are the underlying mechanisms. We addressed these questions by using female rats that express human amylin (HIP rats) as a GDM model and their wild-type (WT) littermates as the normal pregnancy model. Pregnant and two months postpartum HIP females had increased left-ventricular mass and wall thickness compared to non-pregnant HIP females, which indicates the presence of concentric hypertrophy. These parameters were unchanged in WT females during both pregnancy and postpartum periods. Hypertrophic Ca2+-dependent calcineurin/NFAT signaling was stimulated two months after giving birth in HIP females but not in the WT. In contrast, the CaMKII/HDAC hypertrophy pathway was active immediately after giving birth and returned to the baseline by two months postpartum in both WT and HIP females. Myocytes from two months postpartum HIP females exhibited slower Ca2+ transient relaxation and higher diastolic Ca2+ levels, which may explain calcineurin activation. No such effects occurred in the WT. These results suggest that a GDM-complicated pregnancy accelerates the development of pathological cardiac remodeling likely through activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sarah Srodulski
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sathya Velmurugan
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Amanda Hoskins
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Vivek K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 S Limestone, CTW 465, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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20
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Marmentini C, Branco RCS, Boschero AC, Kurauti MA. Islet amyloid toxicity: From genesis to counteracting mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1119-1142. [PMID: 34636428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a hormone co-secreted with insulin by pancreatic β-cells and is the major component of islet amyloid. Islet amyloid is found in the pancreas of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and may be involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, observed in this disease. Thus, investigating the aspects related to amyloid formation is relevant to the development of strategies towards β-cell protection. In this sense, IAPP misprocessing, IAPP overproduction, and disturbances in intra- and extracellular environments seem to be decisive for IAPP to form islet amyloid. Islet amyloid toxicity in β-cells may be triggered in intra- and/or extracellular sites by membrane damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis. Importantly, different approaches have been suggested to prevent islet amyloid cytotoxicity, from inhibition of IAPP aggregation to attenuation of cell death mechanisms. Such approaches have improved β-cell function and prevented the development of hyperglycemia in animals. Therefore, counteracting islet amyloid may be a promising therapy for T2D treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Marmentini
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renato C S Branco
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Boschero
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian A Kurauti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Brazil
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21
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Mizukami H, Kudoh K. Diversity of pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes shown by islet pathology. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:6-13. [PMID: 34562302 PMCID: PMC8756316 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of type 2 diabetes is multifactorial, in which environmental and genetic factors are involved to varying degrees. This suggests that its pathophysiology might vary depending on the individuals. Knowledge of the differences is critical, because these differences are directly linked to the care and treatment of the patients. Recent studies have attempted to carry out subclassifications of type 2 diabetes based on clinical and genetic differences. However, there is no pathological evidence to support these subclassifications. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is generally divided into insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and pancreatic islet dysfunction. Among them, islet dysfunction causes a deficit in insulin secretion from β-cells. In particular, a deficit in insulin secretion is ascribed to a combination of disruption of the insulin secretory machinery and a decrease in β-cell volume in type 2 diabetes. Recent research has suggested that transdifferentiation and dedifferentiation are involved in the decrease in β-cell volume, and that it might change dynamically depending on the glucose metabolic state. However, it is possible that the numbers of islet cells are decreased in type 2 diabetes. In particular, the loss of endocrine cells due to islet amyloid deposits is an important pathological change in type 2 diabetes in humans. These results show that pathological changes of the islets can be different in each individuals with type 2 diabetes and reflect each pathophysiology, which is useful in establishing further subclassifications and developing tailor-made therapies for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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22
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Tasaki M, Lavatelli F, Obici L, Obayashi K, Miyamoto T, Merlini G, Palladini G, Ando Y, Ueda M. Age-related amyloidosis outside the brain: A state-of-the-art review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101388. [PMID: 34116224 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inside and outside the brain, accumulation of amyloid fibrils plays key roles in the pathogenesis of fatal age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis. Although the incidence of all amyloidoses increases with age, for some types of amyloidosis aging is known as the main direct risk factor, and these types are typically diseases of elderly people. More than 10 different precursor proteins are known to cause age-associated amyloidosis; these proteins include amyloid β protein, α-synuclein, transthyretin, islet amyloid polypeptide, atrial natriuretic factor, and the newly discovered epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1. Except for intracerebral amyloidoses, most age-related amyloidoses have been little studied. Indeed, in view of the increasing life expectancy in our societies, understanding how aging is involved in the process of amyloid fibril accumulation and the effects of amyloid deposits on the aging body is extremely important. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the nature of amyloid precursor proteins, the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of amyloidosis, and recent advances in our understanding of age-related amyloidoses outside the brain.
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23
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Zhang C, Yu H, Yang H, Liu B. Activation of PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β signaling by sciadopitysin protects cardiomyocytes against high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22887. [PMID: 34392578 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a diabetes complication, accounts for diabetes-associated morbidity, mortality, and heart failure. Biflavonoids have been demonstrated to possess extensive pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Our study aimed to explore the effects of sciadopitysin, a type of biflavonoid, on DCM and the mechanism involved. An experimental cell model was established in AC16 cardiomyocytes by exposure to high glucose (HG). Cell injury was estimated by detecting cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT). Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry analysis, caspase-3/7 activity assay, and Western blot analysis of cytochrome C (Cyt C) expression. Alternation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway was detected by Western blot. Results showed that HG exposure reduced viability and increased LDH release in AC16 cells, which was abolished by sciadopitysin treatment. Sciadopitysin inhibited HG-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the reduced MDA content, and the increased activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px. Sciadopitysin suppressed HG-induced apoptosis, an increase of caspase-3/7 activity, and Cyt C expression in AC16 cells. Mechanistically, sciadopitysin activated the PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β pathway under HG stimulation in AC16 cells. Inhibition of PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β pathway by LY294002 blocked the effects of sciadopitysin on HG-induced injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in AC16 cells. Summarily, sciadopitysin alleviated HG-caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activating the PI3K/PKB/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Huimei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huaiyin Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanshi Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital 4 of Nantong University, The First people's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
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24
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Wu L, Velander P, Brown AM, Wang Y, Liu D, Bevan DR, Zhang S, Xu B. Rosmarinic Acid Potently Detoxifies Amylin Amyloid and Ameliorates Diabetic Pathology in a Transgenic Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1322-1337. [PMID: 34423269 PMCID: PMC8369672 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is associated with a large number of human protein-misfolding diseases, yet FDA-approved drugs are currently not available. Amylin amyloid and plaque depositions in the pancreas are hallmark features of type 2 diabetes. Moreover, these amyloid deposits are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications such as neurodegeneration. We recently discovered that catechols and redox-related quinones/anthraquinones represent a broad class of protein aggregation inhibitors. Further screening of a targeted library of natural compounds in complementary medicine that were enriched with catechol-containing compounds identified rosmarinic acid (RA) as a potent inhibitor of amylin aggregation (estimated inhibitory concentration IC50 = 200-300 nM). Structure-function relationship analysis of RA showed the additive effects of the two catechol-containing components of the RA molecule. We further showed that RA does not reverse fibrillation back to monomeric amylin but rather lead to nontoxic, remodeled protein aggregates. RA has significant ex vivo efficacy in reducing human amylin oligomer levels in HIP rat sera as well as in sera from diabetic patients. In vivo efficacy studies of RA treatment with the diabetic HIP rat model demonstrated significant reduction in amyloid islet deposition and strong mitigation of diabetic pathology. Our work provides new in vitro molecular mechanisms and in vivo efficacy insights for a model nutraceutical agent against type 2 diabetes and other aging-related protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Biomanufacturing
Research Institute & Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina
Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Paul Velander
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Anne M. Brown
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - David R. Bevan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Bin Xu
- Department
of Biochemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods,
and Exercise, and School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Biomanufacturing
Research Institute & Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina
Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
- Affiliated
Program Faculty, Duke Comprehensive Stroke
Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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25
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Zhang X, Hu C, Yuan XP, Yuan YP, Song P, Kong CY, Teng T, Hu M, Xu SC, Ma ZG, Tang QZ. Osteocrin, a novel myokine, prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy via restoring proteasomal activity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:624. [PMID: 34135313 PMCID: PMC8209005 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteasomal activity is compromised in diabetic hearts that contributes to proteotoxic stresses and cardiac dysfunction. Osteocrin (OSTN) acts as a novel exercise-responsive myokine and is implicated in various cardiac diseases. Herein, we aim to investigate the role and underlying molecular basis of OSTN in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Mice received a single intravenous injection of the cardiotrophic adeno-associated virus serotype 9 to overexpress OSTN in the heart and then were exposed to intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) for consecutive 5 days to generate diabetic models. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and stimulated with high glucose to verify the role of OSTN in vitro. OSTN expression was reduced by protein kinase B/forkhead box O1 dephosphorylation in diabetic hearts, while its overexpression significantly attenuated cardiac injury and dysfunction in mice with STZ treatment. Besides, OSTN incubation prevented, whereas OSTN silence aggravated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and injury upon hyperglycemic stimulation in vitro. Mechanistically, OSTN treatment restored protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent proteasomal function, and PKG or proteasome inhibition abrogated the protective effects of OSTN in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, OSTN replenishment was sufficient to prevent the progression of pre-established DCM and had synergistic cardioprotection with sildenafil. OSTN protects against DCM via restoring PKG-dependent proteasomal activity and it is a promising therapeutic target to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Pin Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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26
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Despa F, Goldstein LB. Amylin Dyshomeostasis Hypothesis: Small Vessel-Type Ischemic Stroke in the Setting of Type-2 Diabetes. Stroke 2021; 52:e244-e249. [PMID: 33947210 PMCID: PMC8154741 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.034363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent histological analyses of human brains show that small vessel-type injuries in the setting of type-2 diabetes colocalize with deposits of amylin, an amyloid-forming hormone secreted by the pancreas. Amylin inclusions are also identified in circulating red blood cells in people with type-2 diabetes and stroke or cardiovascular disease. In laboratory models of type-2 diabetes, accumulation of aggregated amylin in blood and the cerebral microvasculature induces brain microhemorrhages and reduces cerebral blood flow leading to white matter ischemia and neurological deficits. At the cellular level, aggregated amylin causes cell membrane lipid peroxidation injury, downregulation of tight junction proteins, and activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways which, in turn, induces macrophage activation and macrophage infiltration in vascular areas positive for amylin deposition. We review each step of this cascade based on experimental and clinical evidence and propose the hypothesis that systemic amylin dyshomeostasis may underlie the disparity between glycemic control and stroke risk and may be a therapeutic target to reduce the risk of small vessel ischemic stroke in patients with type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA,Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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27
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Diteepeng T, Del Monte F, Luciani M. The long and winding road to target protein misfolding in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13504. [PMID: 33527342 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have remained the first leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Although several therapeutic approaches have been introduced in the past, the development of novel treatments remains an important research goal, which is hampered by the lack of understanding of key mechanisms and targets. Emerging evidences in recent years indicate the involvement of misfolded proteins aggregation and the derailment of protein quality control in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Several potential interventions targeting protein quality control have been translated from the bench to the bedside to effectively employ the misfolded proteins as promising therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases, but with trivial results. DESIGN In this review, we describe the recent progresses in preclinical and clinical studies of protein misfolding and compromised protein quality control by selecting and reporting studies focusing on cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathies, cardiac amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation and thrombosis. RESULTS In preclinical models, modulators of several molecular targets (eg heat shock proteins, unfolded protein response, ubiquitin protein system, autophagy and histone deacetylases) have been tested in various conditions with promising results although lacking an adequate transition towards clinical setting. CONCLUSIONS At present, no therapeutic strategies have been reported to attenuate proteotoxicity in patients with CVD due to a lack of specific biomarkers for pinpointing upstream events in protein folding defects at a subclinical stage of the diseases requiring an intensive collaboration between basic scientists and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamonwan Diteepeng
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Luciani
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
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28
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Khemtemourian L, Antoniciello F, Sahoo BR, Decossas M, Lecomte S, Ramamoorthy A. Investigation of the effects of two major secretory granules components, insulin and zinc, on human-IAPP amyloid aggregation and membrane damage. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 237:105083. [PMID: 33887213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a highly amyloidogenic peptide found in pancreatic islets of type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Under certain conditions, hIAPP is able to form amyloid fibrils that play a role in the progression of T2D. hIAPP is synthesized in the β-cell of the pancreas and stored in the secretory granules before being released into the extracellular compartment. It has been suggested that natural stabilizing agents, such as insulin or zinc present in the secretory granules with hIAPP could prevent hIAPP fibril formation. The difference in the amino acid sequences of IAPP among species strongly correlates with amyloidogenicity and toxicity. The residue histidine at position 18 is known to be important in modulating the fibril formation, membrane leakage and toxicity. In this study, we have synthesized four analogues of hIAPP (H18R-IAPP, H18K-IAPP, H18A-IAPP and H18E-IAPP) and characterized their aggregation with either insulin or zinc in order to determine the effect of the residue-18 on the insulin-IAPP and zinc-IAPP interactions using a variety of biophysical experiments including thioflavin-T fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy imaging, circular dichroism, and NMR spectroscopy. We show that insulin reduced hIAPP fibril formation both in solution and in the presence of membrane and hIAPP-membrane damage and that the interactions are somewhat mediated by the residue-18. In addition, our results reveal that zinc affects the process of hIAPP fibril formation in solution but not in the presence of membrane. Our results indicate that the nature of the residue-18 is important for zinc binding. Based on this observation, we hypothesize that zinc binds to the residues in the N-terminal region of hIAPP, which is not accessible in the presence of membrane due to its strong interaction with lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Marion Decossas
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, IPB, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN, CNRS UMR 5248, IPB, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy
- Biophysics Program, Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.
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29
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Involvement of amylin B-H2S-connexin 43 signaling pathway in vascular dysfunction and enhanced ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224904. [PMID: 32436936 PMCID: PMC7280474 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of amylin, H2S, and connexin 43 in vascular dysfunction and enhanced ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats. A single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was employed to induce diabetes mellitus. After 8 weeks, there was a significant decrease in the plasma levels of amylin, an increase in I/R injury to isolated hearts (increase in CK-MB and cardiac troponin release) on the Langendorff apparatus. Moreover, there was a significant impairment in vascular endothelium function as assessed by quantifying acetylcholine-induced relaxation in norepinephrine-precontracted mesenteric arteries. There was also a marked decrease in the expression of H2S and connexin 43 in the hearts following I/R injury in diabetic rats. Treatment with amylin agonist, pramlintide (100 and 200 µg/kg), and H2S donor, NaHS (10 and 20 μmol/kg) for 2 weeks improved the vascular endothelium function, abolished enhanced myocardial injury and restored the levels of H2S along with connexin 43 in diabetic animals. However, pramlintide and NaHS failed to produce these effects the presence of gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone (20 and 40 mg/kg). Carbenoxolone also abolished the myocardial levels of connexin 43 without affecting the plasma levels of amylin and myocardial levels of H2S. The decrease in the amylin levels with a consequent reduction in H2S and connexin 43 may contribute to inducing vascular dysfunction and enhancing I/R-induced myocardial injury in diabetic rats.
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30
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Liu M, Li N, Qu C, Gao Y, Wu L, Hu LG. Amylin deposition activates HIF1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling in failing hearts of non-human primates. Commun Biol 2021; 4:188. [PMID: 33580152 PMCID: PMC7881154 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperamylinemia induces amylin aggregation and toxicity in the pancreas and contributes to the development of type-2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiac amylin deposition in patients with obesity and T2D was found to accelerate heart dysfunction. Non-human primates (NHPs) have similar genetic, metabolic, and cardiovascular processes as humans. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac amylin in NHPs, particularly related to the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1α and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) signaling pathways, are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in NHPs, amylin deposition in heart failure (HF) contributes to cardiac dysfunction via activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling. This was confirmed in two in vitro cardiomyocyte models. Furthermore, alterations of intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial function, and lactate levels were observed in amylin-treated cells. Our study demonstrates a pathological role for amylin in the activation of HIF1α and PFKFB3 signaling in NHPs with HF, establishing amylin as a promising target for heart disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Qu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Gao
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao George Hu
- Department of Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen R&D (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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31
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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32
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Altamirano-Bustamante NF, Garrido-Magaña E, Morán E, Calderón A, Pasten-Hidalgo K, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Rojas G, Lara-Martínez R, Leyva-García E, Larralde-Laborde M, Domíguez G, Murata C, Margarita-Vazquez Y, Payro R, Barbosa M, Valderrama A, Montesinos H, Domínguez-Camacho A, García-Olmos VH, Ferrer R, Medina-Bravo PG, Santoscoy F, Revilla-Monsalve C, Jiménez-García LF, Morán J, Villalobos-Alva J, Villalobos MJ, Calzada-León R, Altamirano P, Altamirano-Bustamante MM. Protein-conformational diseases in childhood: Naturally-occurring hIAPP amyloid-oligomers and early β-cell damage in obesity and diabetes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237667. [PMID: 32833960 PMCID: PMC7446879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This is the first time that obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) as protein conformational diseases (PCD) are reported in children and they are typically diagnosed too late, when β-cell damage is evident. Here we wanted to investigate the level of naturally-ocurring or real (not synthetic) oligomeric aggregates of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) that we called RIAO in sera of pediatric patients with obesity and diabetes. We aimed to reduce the gap between basic biomedical research, clinical practice-health decision making and to explore whether RIAO work as a potential biomarker of early β-cell damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a multicentric collaborative, cross-sectional, analytical, ambispective and blinded study; the RIAO from pretreated samples (PTS) of sera of 146 pediatric patients with obesity or DM and 16 healthy children, were isolated, measured by sound indirect ELISA with novel anti-hIAPP cytotoxic oligomers polyclonal antibody (MEX1). We carried out morphological and functional studied and cluster-clinical data driven analysis. RESULTS We demonstrated by western blot, Transmission Electron Microscopy and cell viability experiments that RIAO circulate in the blood and can be measured by ELISA; are elevated in serum of childhood obesity and diabetes; are neurotoxics and works as biomarkers of early β-cell failure. We explored the range of evidence-based medicine clusters that included the RIAO level, which allowed us to classify and stratify the obesity patients with high cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSIONS RIAO level increases as the number of complications rises; RIAOs > 3.35 μg/ml is a predictor of changes in the current indicators of β-cell damage. We proposed a novel physio-pathological pathway and shows that PCD affect not only elderly patients but also children. Here we reduced the gap between basic biomedical research, clinical practice and health decision making.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Humans
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/pathology
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/blood
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/metabolism
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/toxicity
- Islet Amyloid Polypeptide/ultrastructure
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Neurons/drug effects
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/pathology
- Pilot Projects
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Multimerization
- Protein Structure, Quaternary
- Rats
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eulalia Garrido-Magaña
- UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Morán
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora Calderón
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Pasten-Hidalgo
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cátedras Conacyt, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
- Cátedras Conacyt, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Rojas
- UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edgar Leyva-García
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mateo Larralde-Laborde
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Rafael Payro
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Barbosa
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Regina Ferrer
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Fernanda Santoscoy
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cristina Revilla-Monsalve
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Julio Morán
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jalil Villalobos-Alva
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Javier Villalobos
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Perla Altamirano
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam M. Altamirano-Bustamante
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Foll CL, Lutz TA. Systemic and Central Amylin, Amylin Receptor Signaling, and Their Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles in Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:811-837. [PMID: 32941692 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article in the Neural and Endocrine Section of Comprehensive Physiology discusses the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreatic hormone amylin. Shortly after its discovery in 1986, amylin has been shown to reduce food intake as a satiation signal to limit meal size. Amylin also affects food reward, sensitizes the brain to the catabolic actions of leptin, and may also play a prominent role in the development of certain brain areas that are involved in metabolic control. Amylin may act at different sites in the brain in addition to the area postrema (AP) in the caudal hindbrain. In particular, the sensitizing effect of amylin on leptin action may depend on a direct interaction in the hypothalamus. The concept of central pathways mediating amylin action became more complex after the discovery that amylin is also synthesized in certain hypothalamic areas but the interaction between central and peripheral amylin signaling remains currently unexplored. Amylin may also play a dominant pathophysiological role that is associated with the aggregation of monomeric amylin into larger, cytotoxic molecular entities. This aggregation in certain species may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease. Amylin receptor pharmacology is complex because several distinct amylin receptor subtypes have been described, because other neuropeptides [e.g., calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)] can also bind to amylin receptors, and because some components of the functional amylin receptor are also used for other G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) systems. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:811-837, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Le Foll
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang N, Xing Y, Yu Y, Liu C, Jin B, Huo L, Kong D, Yang Z, Zhang X, Zheng R, Jia Z, Kang L, Zhang W. Influence of human amylin on the membrane stability of rat primary hippocampal neurons. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8923-8938. [PMID: 32463790 PMCID: PMC7288967 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The two most common aging-related diseases, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are associated with accumulation of amyloid proteins (β-amyloid and amylin, respectively). This amylin aggregation is reportedly cytotoxic to neurons. We found that aggregation of human amylin (hAmylin) induced neuronal apoptosis without obvious microglial infiltration in vivo. High concentrations of hAmylin irreversibly aggregated on the surface of the neuronal plasma membrane. Long-term incubation with hAmylin induced morphological changes in neurons. Moreover, hAmylin permeabilized the neuronal membrane within 1 min in a manner similar to Triton X-100, allowing impermeable fluorescent antibodies to enter the neurons and stain intracellular antigens. hAmylin also permeabilized the cell membrane of astrocytes, though more slowly. Under scanning electron microscopy, we observed that hAmylin destroyed the integrity of the cell membranes of both neurons and astrocytes. Additionally, it increased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Thus, by aggregating on the surface of neurons, hAmylin impaired the cell membrane integrity, induced reactive oxygen species production, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, and ultimately induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Brain Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongzhou Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Baohua Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zuxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Health Science Center, Neuroscience Research Institute, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanfeng Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Trivedi PC, Bartlett JJ, Mercer A, Slade L, Surette M, Ballabio A, Flibotte S, Hussein B, Rodrigues B, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Loss of function of transcription factor EB remodels lipid metabolism and cell death pathways in the cardiomyocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165832. [PMID: 32437957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucolipotoxicity following nutrient overload causes cardiomyocyte injury by inhibiting TFEB and suppressing lysosomal function. We ascertained whether in addition to the amount, the type of fatty acids (FAs) and duration of FA exposure regulate TFEB action and dictate cardiomyocyte viability. Saturated FA, palmitate, but not polyunsaturated FAs decreased TFEB content in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in cardiomyocytes. Hearts from high-fat high-sucrose diet-fed mice exhibited a temporal decline in nuclear TFEB content with marked elevation of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol, suggesting that lipid deposition and TFEB loss are concomitant molecular events. Next, we examined the identity of signaling and metabolic pathways engaged by the loss of TFEB action in the cardiomyocyte. Transcriptome analysis in murine cardiomyocytes with targeted deletion of myocyte TFEB (TFEB-/-) revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) representing pathways of nutrient metabolism, DNA damage and repair, cell death and cardiac function. Strikingly, genes involved in macroautophagy, mitophagy and lysosome function constituted a small portion of DEGs in TFEB-/- cardiomyocytes. In myoblasts and/or myocytes, nutrient overload-induced lipid droplet accumulation and caspase-3 activation were exacerbated by silencing TFEB or attenuated by overexpressing constitutively active TFEB. The effect of TFEB overexpression were persistent in the presence of Atg7 loss-of-function, signifying that the effect of TFEB in the myocyte is independent of changes in the macroautophagy pathway. In the cardiomyocyte, the non-canonical effect of TFEB to reprogram energy metabolism is more evident than the canonical action of TFEB on lysosomal autophagy. Loss of TFEB function perturbs metabolic pathways in the cardiomyocyte and renders the heart prematurely susceptible to nutrient overload-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi C Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jordan J Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Logan Slade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Marc Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 4200 University Blvd, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bahira Hussein
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, V6T 1Z3 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, E2L 4L5 Saint John, NB, Canada.
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Khaltourina D, Matveyev Y, Alekseev A, Cortese F, Ioviţă A. Aging Fits the Disease Criteria of the International Classification of Diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111230. [PMID: 32251691 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disease criteria used by the World Health Organization (WHO) were applied to human biological aging in order to assess whether aging can be classified as a disease. These criteria were developed for the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and included disease diagnostics, mechanisms, course and outcomes, known interventions, and linkage to genetic and environmental factors. RESULTS: Biological aging can be diagnosed with frailty indices, functional, blood-based biomarkers. A number of major causal mechanisms of human aging involved in various organs have been described, such as inflammation, replicative cellular senescence, immune senescence, proteostasis failures, mitochondrial dysfunctions, fibrotic propensity, hormonal aging, body composition changes, etc. We identified a number of clinically proven interventions, as well as genetic and environmental factors of aging. Therefore, aging fits the ICD-11 criteria and can be considered a disease. Our proposal was submitted to the ICD-11 Joint Task force, and this led to the inclusion of the extension code for "Ageing-related" (XT9T) into the "Causality" section of the ICD-11. This might lead to greater focus on biological aging in global health policy and might provide for more opportunities for the new therapy developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Khaltourina
- Department of Risk Factor Prevention, Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dobrolyubova St. 11, Moscow, 127254, Russia; International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France.
| | - Yuri Matveyev
- Research Lab, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Schepkina St. 61/2 k.1, Moscow, 129110, Russia
| | - Aleksey Alekseev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, GSP-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, Apt 2354 Chynoweth House, Trevissome Park, Truro, London, TR4 8UN, UK
| | - Anca Ioviţă
- International Longevity Alliance, 19 avenue Jean Jaurès, Sceaux, 92330, France
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Yang Z, Huang S, Wu X, Cao L, Wang X, Li Q, Li N, Gao F. PDCD4 deficiency ameliorates left ventricular remodeling and insulin resistance in a rat model of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001081. [PMID: 32371529 PMCID: PMC7228667 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is a novel inflammation and apoptosis gene, but its role in type 2 DCM remains elusive. We aimed to determine if PDCD4 intervention improves DCM by affecting left ventricular remodeling, function, and insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We designed a PDCD4-/- rat, established a type 2 diabetes animal model, and constructed a PDCD4 overexpressed adenovirus and PDCD4 small interfer RNA (siRNA) vectors to alter PDCD4 expression in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Thereafter, glucose levels, lipid metabolism, echocardiography, and extent of myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis were compared in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS PDCD4 deficiency improved insulin resistance, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in type 2 DCM rats and improved myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. Proliferation and transformation of cardiac fibroblasts was reduced via PDCD4 downregulation in vitro under high-glucose stimulation. Furthermore, PDCD4 regulated the myocardial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway in vivo and in vitro. PDCD4 intervention affected cardiac remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance by influencing fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis via the PI3K-AKT pathway in vivo. CONCLUSIONS PDCD4 knockdown protected against left ventricular remodeling, dysfunction, and insulin resistance in type 2 DCM rats. The underlying mechanisms may involve reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and normalized PI3K-AKT phosphorylation. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report the effects and underlying mechanisms of PDCD4 in type 2 DCM. These results provide a potential new treatment avenue for improving the prognosis of patients with type 2 DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shanying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Raimundo AF, Ferreira S, Martins IC, Menezes R. Islet Amyloid Polypeptide: A Partner in Crime With Aβ in the Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32265649 PMCID: PMC7103646 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of patients worldwide. Despite the advances in understanding the disease and therapeutic options, it remains a leading cause of death and of comorbidities globally. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), or amylin, is a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells. It contributes to the maintenance of glucose physiological levels namely by inhibiting insulin and glucagon secretion as well as controlling adiposity and satiation. IAPP is a highly amyloidogenic polypeptide forming intracellular aggregates and amyloid structures that are associated with β-cell death. Data also suggest the relevance of unprocessed IAPP forms as seeding for amyloid buildup. Besides the known consequences of hyperamylinemia in the pancreas, evidence has also pointed out that IAPP has a pathological role in cognitive function. More specifically, IAPP was shown to impair the blood–brain barrier; it was also seen to interact and co-deposit with amyloid beta peptide (Aß), and possibly with Tau, within the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, thereby contributing to diabetes-associated dementia. In fact, it has been suggested that AD results from a metabolic dysfunction in the brain, leading to its proposed designation as type 3 diabetes. Here, we have first provided a brief perspective on the IAPP amyloidogenic process and its role in diabetes and AD. We have then discussed the potential interventions for modulating IAPP proteotoxicity that can be explored for therapeutics. Finally, we have proposed the concept of a “diabetes brain phenotype” hypothesis in AD, which may help design future IAPP-centered drug developmentstrategies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Raimundo
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ferreira
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ivo C Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Regina Menezes
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,CEDOC - Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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Benlier N, Ozer G, Orhan N. Relation between serum amylin level and epilepsy. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-020-00164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by convulsions. Identification of biological pathways underlying epilepsy and novel genes may shed light on the pathogenesis of epilepsy as well as new targets for treatment.
Objectives
Amylin is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in a pulsatile manner as a response to nutrient stimuli. In vitro studies have shown the neurotoxicity potential of amylin. We aimed to investigate serum amylin levels between epilepsy patients and a healthy control group.
Subjects and methods
For this study, 45 patients with epilepsy and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. Routine blood analysis and electroencephalography scan were performed for all participants. Five cc venous blood sample was collected from each participant. Sera were isolated and stored at − 80 °C until the time of amylin analysis with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Gender distribution of the two groups was as follows: 44.4% males and 55.6% females among epileptic patients and 53.3% males and 46.7% females for control subjects.
Body mass index was 23.09 ± 3.99 kg/m2 for epileptic patients and 26.29 ± 4.83 kg/m2 for controls, with a statistically significantly higher body mass index in control subjects (p ˂ 0.001). With regard to serum amylin levels, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (p ˂ 0.001). The median serum amylin concentration was 226.62 ng/ml (69.49–6961.19 (min–max)) for epileptic patients and 103.66 ng/ml (37.42–607.11 (min–max)) for controls (p ˂ 0.001).
Conclusion
In the present study, a significant difference was observed between patient and control groups in serum amylin concentrations, which were considerably higher in epileptic patients.
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40
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Singh SR, Kadioglu H, Patel K, Carrier L, Agnetti G. Is Desmin Propensity to Aggregate Part of its Protective Function? Cells 2020; 9:cells9020491. [PMID: 32093415 PMCID: PMC7072738 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmin is the major protein component of the intermediate filaments (IFs) cytoskeleton in muscle cells, including cardiac. The accumulation of cleaved and misfolded desmin is a cellular hallmark of heart failure (HF). These desmin alterations are reversed by therapy, suggesting a causal role for the IFs in the development of HF. Though IFs are known to play a role in the protection from stress, a mechanistic model of how that occurs is currently lacking. On the other hand, the heart is uniquely suited to study the function of the IFs, due to its inherent, cyclic contraction. That is, HF can be used as a model to address how IFs afford protection from mechanical, and possibly redox, stress. In this review we provide a brief summary of the current views on the function of the IFs, focusing on desmin. We also propose a new model according to which the propensity of desmin to aggregate may have been selected during evolution as a way to dissipate excessive mechanical and possibly redox stress. According to this model, though desmin misfolding may afford protection from acute injury, the sustained or excessive accumulation of desmin aggregates could impair proteostasis and contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R. Singh
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.R.S.); (L.C.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hikmet Kadioglu
- Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (H.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Krishna Patel
- Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (H.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.R.S.); (L.C.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Center for Research on Cardiac Intermediate Filaments, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (H.K.); (K.P.)
- DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Gharibyan AL, Islam T, Pettersson N, Golchin SA, Lundgren J, Johansson G, Genot M, Schultz N, Wennström M, Olofsson A. Apolipoprotein E Interferes with IAPP Aggregation and Protects Pericytes from IAPP-Induced Toxicity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010134. [PMID: 31947546 PMCID: PMC7022431 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has become a primary focus of research after the discovery of its strong linkage to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where the ApoE4 variant is the highest genetic risk factor for this disease. ApoE is commonly found in amyloid deposits of different origins, and its interaction with amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), the hallmark of AD, is well known. However, studies on the interaction of ApoEs with other amyloid-forming proteins are limited. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is an amyloid-forming peptide linked to the development of type-2 diabetes and has also been shown to be involved in AD pathology and vascular dementia. Here we studied the impact of ApoE on IAPP aggregation and IAPP-induced toxicity on blood vessel pericytes. Using both in vitro and cell-based assays, we show that ApoE efficiently inhibits the amyloid formation of IAPP at highly substoichiometric ratios and that it interferes with both nucleation and elongation. We also show that ApoE protects the pericytes against IAPP-induced toxicity, however, the ApoE4 variant displays the weakest protective potential. Taken together, our results suggest that ApoE has a generic amyloid-interfering property and can be protective against amyloid-induced cytotoxicity, but there is a loss of function for the ApoE4 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.); Tel.: +46-73-912-54-94 (A.L.G.); +46-70-354-33-01 (A.O.)
| | - Tohidul Islam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Nina Pettersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Solmaz A. Golchin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Johanna Lundgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Gabriella Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Mélany Genot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
| | - Nina Schultz
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (N.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Malin Wennström
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden; (N.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (T.I.); (N.P.); (S.A.G.); (J.L.); (G.J.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.); Tel.: +46-73-912-54-94 (A.L.G.); +46-70-354-33-01 (A.O.)
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Verma N, Liu M, Ly H, Loria A, Campbell KS, Bush H, Kern PA, Jose PA, Taegtmeyer H, Bers DM, Despa S, Goldstein LB, Murray AJ, Despa F. Diabetic microcirculatory disturbances and pathologic erythropoiesis are provoked by deposition of amyloid-forming amylin in red blood cells and capillaries. Kidney Int 2020; 97:143-155. [PMID: 31739987 PMCID: PMC6943180 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the setting of type-2 diabetes, there are declines of structural stability and functionality of blood capillaries and red blood cells (RBCs), increasing the risk for microcirculatory disturbances. Correcting hyperglycemia is not entirely effective at reestablishing normal cellular metabolism and function. Therefore, identification of pathological changes occurring before the development of overt hyperglycemia may lead to novel therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of microvascular dysfunction. Here we determine whether RBC-capillary interactions are altered by prediabetic hypersecretion of amylin, an amyloid forming hormone co-synthesized with insulin, and is reversed by endothelial cell-secreted epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. In patients, we found amylin deposition in RBCs in association with type-2 diabetes, heart failure, cancer and stroke. Amylin-coated RBCs have altered shape and reduced functional (non-glycated) hemoglobin. Amylin-coated RBCs administered intravenously in control rats upregulated erythropoietin and renal arginase expression and activity. We also found that diabetic rats expressing amyloid-forming human amylin in the pancreas (the HIP rat model) have increased tissue levels of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, compared to diabetic rats that express non-amyloid forming rat amylin (the UCD rat model). Upregulation of erythropoietin correlated with lower hematocrit in the HIP model indicating pathologic erythropoiesis. In the HIP model, pharmacological upregulation of endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids protected the renal microvasculature against amylin deposition and also reduced renal accumulation of HIFs. Thus, prediabetes induces dysregulation of amylin homeostasis and promotes amylin deposition in RBCs and the microvasculature altering RBC-capillary interaction leading to activation of hypoxia signaling pathways and pathologic erythropoiesis. Hence, dysregulation of amylin homeostasis could be a therapeutic target for ameliorating diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Han Ly
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Analia Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sanda Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Larry B Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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43
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Luo J, Yan D, Li S, Liu S, Zeng F, Cheung CW, Liu H, Irwin MG, Huang H, Xia Z. Allopurinol reduces oxidative stress and activates Nrf2/p62 to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1760-1773. [PMID: 31856386 PMCID: PMC6991641 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopurinol (ALP) attenuates oxidative stress and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the mechanism is unclear. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) following the disassociation with its repressor Keap1 under oxidative stress can maintain inner redox homeostasis and attenuate DCM with concomitant attenuation of autophagy. We postulated that ALP treatment may activate Nrf2 to mitigate autophagy over‐activation and consequently attenuate DCM. Streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic rats were untreated or treated with ALP (100 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks and terminated after heart function measurements by echocardiography and pressure‐volume conductance system. Cardiomyocyte H9C2 cells infected with Nrf2 siRNA or not were incubated with high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L) concomitantly with ALP treatment. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, 15‐F2t‐Isoprostane and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured with colorimetric enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. ROS, apoptosis, was assessed by dihydroethidium staining and TUNEL, respectively. The Western blot and qRT‐PCR were used to assess protein and mRNA variations. Diabetic rats showed significant reductions in heart rate (HR), left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF), stroke work (SW) and cardiac output (CO), left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVVs) as compared to non‐diabetic control and ALP improved or normalized HR, LVEF, SW, CO and LVVs in diabetic rats (all P < .05). Hearts of diabetic rats displayed excessive oxidative stress manifested as increased levels of 15‐F2t‐Isoprostane and superoxide anion production, increased apoptotic cell death and cardiomyocytes autophagy that were concomitant with reduced expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and Keap1. ALP reverted all the above‐mentioned diabetes‐induced biochemical changes except that it did not affect the levels of Keap1. In vitro, ALP increased Nrf2 and reduced the hyperglycaemia‐induced increases of H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy, and enhanced cellular viability. Nrf2 gene silence cancelled these protective effects of ALP in H9C2 cells. Activation of Nrf2 subsequent to the suppression of Keap1 and the mitigation of autophagy over‐activation may represent major mechanisms whereby ALP attenuates DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michael G Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huansen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Javed E, Thangavel C, Frara N, Singh J, Mohanty I, Hypolite J, Birbe R, Braverman AS, Den RB, Rattan S, Zderic SA, Deshpande DA, Penn RB, Ruggieri MR, Chacko S, Boopathi E. Increased expression of desmin and vimentin reduces bladder smooth muscle contractility via JNK2. FASEB J 2019; 34:2126-2146. [PMID: 31909533 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901301r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is associated with the overexpression of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins desmin and vimentin in obstructed bladder smooth muscle (BSM). However, the mechanisms by which these proteins contribute to BSM dysfunction are not known. Previous studies have shown that desmin and vimentin directly participate in signal transduction. In this study, we hypothesized that BSM dysfunction associated with overexpression of desmin or vimentin is mediated via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We employed a model of murine BSM tissue in which increased expression of desmin or vimentin was induced by adenoviral transduction to examine the sufficiency of increased IF protein expression to reduce BSM contraction. Murine BSM strips overexpressing desmin or vimentin generated less force in response to KCl and carbachol relative to the levels in control murine BSM strips, an effect associated with increased JNK2 phosphorylation and reduced myosin light chain (MLC20 ) phosphorylation. Furthermore, desmin and vimentin overexpressions did not alter BSM contractility and MLC20 phosphorylation in strips isolated from JNK2 knockout mice. Pharmacological JNK2 inhibition produced results qualitatively similar to those caused by JNK2 knockout. These findings suggest that inhibition of JNK2 may improve diminished BSM contractility associated with obstructive bladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Javed
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nagat Frara
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jagmohan Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ipsita Mohanty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Hypolite
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Birbe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Alan S Braverman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satish Rattan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen A Zderic
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samuel Chacko
- Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ettickan Boopathi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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45
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Vileigas DF, Harman VM, Freire PP, Marciano CLC, Sant'Ana PG, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Okoshi K, Beynon RJ, Santos LD, Cicogna AC. Landscape of heart proteome changes in a diet-induced obesity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18050. [PMID: 31792287 PMCID: PMC6888820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Thus, our study evaluated myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches. Male Wistar rats were established in two groups (n = 13/group): control diet and Western diet fed for 41 weeks. Obesity was determined by the adipose index, and cardiac function was evaluated in vivo by echocardiogram and in vitro by isolated papillary muscle analysis. Proteomics was based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) along with mass spectrometry identification, and shotgun proteomics with label-free quantification. The Western diet was efficient in triggering obesity and impaired contractile function in vitro; however, no cardiac dysfunction was observed in vivo. The combination of two proteomic approaches was able to increase the cardiac proteomic map and to identify 82 differentially expressed proteins involved in different biological processes, mainly metabolism. Furthermore, the data also indicated a cardiac alteration in fatty acids transport, antioxidant defence, cytoskeleton, and proteasome complex, which have not previously been associated with obesity. Thus, we define a robust alteration in the myocardial proteome of diet-induced obese rats, even before functional impairment could be detected in vivo by echocardiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
| | - Victoria M Harman
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paula P Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Cecília L C Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula G Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L B de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A F Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Vitor L da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Dijon H S Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilene D Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP)/Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610307, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
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46
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Kumar AP, Lee S, Lukman S. Computational and Experimental Approaches to Design Inhibitors of Amylin Aggregation. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1680-1694. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190719164316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amylin is a neuroendocrine peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic ß-cells; however,
amylin is toxic to ß-cells when it is aggregated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is important to
understand amylin’s structures and aggregation mechanism for the discovery and design of effective
drugs to inhibit amylin aggregation. In this review, we investigated experimental and computational
studies on amylin structures and inhibitors. Our review provides some novel insights into amylin, particularly
for the design of its aggregation inhibitors to treat T2DM. We detailed the potential inhibitors
that have been studied hitherto and highlighted the neglected need to consider different amylin attributes
that depend on the presence/absence of physiologically relevant conditions, such as membranes.
These conditions and the experimental methods can greatly influence the results of studies on amylininhibitor
complexes. Text-mining over 3,000 amylin-related PubMed abstracts suggests the combined
therapeutic potential of amylin with leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1, which are two key hormones
in obesity. The results also suggest that targeting amylin aggregation can contribute to therapeutic efforts
for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, we have also reviewed the role of amylin in other conditions
including obesity and AD. Finally, we provided insights for designing inhibitors of different
types (small molecules, proteins, peptides/mimetics, metal ions) to inhibit amylin aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammu Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, College of Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suryani Lukman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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47
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Martinez-Valbuena I, Valenti-Azcarate R, Amat-Villegas I, Riverol M, Marcilla I, de Andrea CE, Sánchez-Arias JA, Del Mar Carmona-Abellan M, Marti G, Erro ME, Martínez-Vila E, Tuñon MT, Luquin MR. Amylin as a potential link between type 2 diabetes and alzheimer disease. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:539-551. [PMID: 31376172 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and although its etiology remains unclear, it seems that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other prediabetic states of insulin resistance could contribute to the appearance of sporadic AD. As such, we have assessed whether tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits might be present in pancreatic tissue of subjects with AD, and whether amylin, an amyloidogenic protein deposited in the pancreas of T2DM patients, might accumulate in the brain of AD patients. METHODS We studied pancreatic and brain tissue from 48 individuals with no neuropathological alterations and from 87 subjects diagnosed with AD. We examined Aβ and tau accumulation in the pancreas as well as that of amylin in the brain. Moreover, we performed proximity ligation assays to ascertain whether tau and/or Aβ interact with amylin in either the pancreas or brain of these subjects. RESULTS Cytoplasmic tau and Aβ protein deposits were detected in pancreatic β cells of subjects with AD as well as in subjects with a normal neuropathological examination but with a history of T2DM and in a small cohort of control subjects without T2DM. Furthermore, we found amylin deposits in the brain of these subjects, providing histological evidence that amylin can interact with Aβ and tau in both the pancreas and hippocampus. INTERPRETATION The presence of both tau and Aβ inclusions in pancreatic β cells, and of amylin deposits in the brain, provides new evidence of a potential overlap in the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM and AD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:539-551.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Martinez-Valbuena
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Regenerative Therapy Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Valenti-Azcarate
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Regenerative Therapy Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Amat-Villegas
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mario Riverol
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Marcilla
- Regenerative Therapy Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Juan Antonio Sánchez-Arias
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Carmona-Abellan
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Regenerative Therapy Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Marti
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria-Elena Erro
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Vila
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria-Teresa Tuñon
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Pathology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosario Luquin
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Regenerative Therapy Laboratory, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Verma N, Despa F. Contributing Factors to Diabetic Brain Injury and Cognitive Decline. Diabetes Metab J 2019; 43:560-567. [PMID: 31694078 PMCID: PMC6834839 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The link of diabetes with co-occurring disorders in the brain involves complex and multifactorial pathways. Genetically engineered rodents that express familial Alzheimer's disease-associated mutant forms of amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 (PSEN1) genes provided invaluable insights into the mechanisms and consequences of amyloid deposition in the brain. Adding diabetes factors (obesity, insulin impairment) to these animal models to predict success in translation to clinic have proven useful at some extent only. Here, we focus on contributing factors to diabetic brain injury with the aim of identifying appropriate animal models that can be used to mechanistically dissect the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and how diabetes medications may influence the development and progression of cognitive decline in humans with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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49
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Ly H, Despa F. Diabetes-related Amylin Dyshomeostasis: a Contributing Factor to Cerebrovascular Pathology and Dementia. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:144-151. [PMID: 32821704 PMCID: PMC7379112 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and dementia. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive, which hampers the development of treatment or/and effective prevention strategies. Recent studies suggest that dyshomeostasis of amylin, a satiety hormone that forms pancreatic amyloid in patients with T2D, promotes accumulation of amylin in cerebral small blood vessels and interaction with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Overexpression of human amylin in rodents (rodent amylin does not form amyloid) leads to late-life onset T2D and neurologic deficits. In this Review, we discuss clinical evidence of amylin pathology in CVD and AD and identify critical characteristics of animal models that could help to better understand molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk of CVD and AD in patients with prediabetes or T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ly
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Florin Despa
- Departments of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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50
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Schultz N, Janelidze S, Byman E, Minthon L, Nägga K, Hansson O, Wennström M. Levels of islet amyloid polypeptide in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from patients with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218561. [PMID: 31206565 PMCID: PMC6576764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biologically active pancreatic hormone peptide islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) regulates brain functions such as appetite and cognition. It also plays a role in clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide implicated in the dementia disorder Alzheimer’s disease (AD). If IAPP becomes modified, it loses its biological activity and starts to aggregate. Such aggregations have been found in the AD brain and decreased plasma levels of the unmodified IAPP (uIAPP) have been shown in the same patients. In the current study, we analyze levels of uIAPP and total IAPP (unmodified and modified) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to investigate its potential as a biomarker for AD. We found no differences in neither CSF nor plasma levels of uIAPP or total IAPP in AD patients compared to cognitive healthy individuals (NC). The levels of uIAPP in CSF of NC were positively correlated with uIAPP in plasma, Q-albumin and albumin levels in CSF, but negatively correlated with CSF levels of t-tau and p-tau. These findings were not seen in AD patients. Levels of total CSF IAPP correlated positively with total Q-albumin and albumin levels in CSF in both AD and NC. In addition, total plasma IAPP correlated positively with CSF t-tau and p-tau in NC and negatively with CSF Aβ42 in AD patients. To conclude, our studies did not find evidence supporting the use of CSF IAPP as an AD biomarker. However, our findings, indicating a compromised translocation of uIAPP in and out of the brain in AD patients as well as the correlations between total plasma IAPP and AD biomarkers, encourage further research on the role for IAPP in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schultz
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elin Byman
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Malin Wennström
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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