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Hu D, Li R, Li Y, Wang M, Wang L, Wang S, Cheng H, Zhang Q, Fu C, Qian Z, Wei Q. Inflammation-Targeted Nanomedicines Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Reprogram Macrophages Polarization for Myocardial Infarction Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308910. [PMID: 38582507 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical global health challenge, with current treatments limited by the complex MI microenvironment, particularly the excessive oxidative stress and intense inflammatory responses that exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and MI progression. Herein, a mannan-based nanomedicine, Que@MOF/Man, is developed to target the inflammatory infarcted heart and deliver the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent quercetin (Que), thereby facilitating a beneficial myocardial microenvironment for cardiac repair. The presence of mannan on the nanoparticle surface enables selective internalization by macrophages rather than cardiomyocytes. Que@MOF/Man effectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species in macrophages to reduce oxidative stress and promote their differentiation into a reparative phenotype, reconciling the inflammatory response and enhancing cardiomyocyte survival through intercellular communication. Owing to the recruitment of macrophages into inflamed myocardium post-MI, in vivo, administration of Que@MOF/Man in MI rats revealed the specific distribution into the injured myocardium compared to free Que. Furthermore, Que@MOF/Man exhibited favorable results in resolving inflammation and protecting cardiomyocytes, thereby preventing further myocardial remodeling and improving cardiac function in MI rats. These findings collectively validate the rational design of an inflammation-targeted delivery strategy to mitigate oxidative stress and modulate the inflammation response in the injured heart, presenting a therapeutic avenue for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrong Hu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yicong Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Cheng
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chenying Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Li J, He S, Yang H, Zhang L, Xiao J, Liang C, Liu S. The Main Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments against COVID-19. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:545-556. [PMID: 38573476 PMCID: PMC11087407 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical manifestation of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, COVID-19 still lacks of effective clinical treatments so far. As a promising potential treatment against COVID-19, stem cell therapy raised recently and had attracted much attention. Here we review the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments against COVID-19, and provide potential cues for the effective control of COVID-19 in the future. METHODS Literature is obtained from databases PubMed and Web of Science. Key words were chosen for COVID- 19, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell therapy, and therapeutic mechanism. Then we summarize and critically analyze the relevant articles retrieved. RESULTS Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment against COVID-19. Its therapeutic efficacy is mainly reflected in reducing severe pulmonary inflammation, reducing lung injury, improving pulmonary function, protecting and repairing lung tissue of the patients. Possible therapeutic mechanisms might include immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory effect, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis effect, antiviral, and antibacterial effect, MSC - EVs, and so on. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells can effectively treat COVID-19 through immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis, anti-virus and antibacterial, MSC - EVs, and other ways. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19 will provide novel insights into the follow-up research and development of new therapeutic strategies in next step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine Center, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipei He
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizeai Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyi Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine and Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-Related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Khalil B, Sharif-Askari NS, Hafezi S, Sharif-Askari FS, Al Anouti F, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Vitamin D regulates COVID-19 associated severity by suppressing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302818. [PMID: 38748756 PMCID: PMC11095707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D3 (VitD3) in modulating innate and adaptive immunity has been reported in different disease contexts. Since the start of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the role of VitD3 has been highlighted in many correlational and observational studies. However, the exact mechanisms of action are not well identified. One of the mechanisms via which VitD3 modulates innate immunity is by regulating the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway, being a main underlying cause of SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation. AIMS AND MAIN METHODS Blood specimens of severe COVID-19 patients with or without VitD3 treatment were collected during their stay in the intensive care unit and patients were followed up for 29 days. qPCR, western blot, and ELISA were done to investigate the mechanism of action of VitD3 on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. KEY FINDINGS We here report the ability of VitD3 to downregulate the NLRP3-inflammsome pathway in severe COVID-19 patients. Lower inflammasome pathway activation was observed with significantly lower gene and protein expression of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, ASC and IL-1β among severe COVID-19 patients treated with VitD3. The reduction of the inflammasome pathway was associated with a reduction in disease severity markers and enhancement of type I IFN pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our data reveals an important anti-inflammatory effect of VitD3 during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigations are warranted to better characterize the ability of VitD3 to control disease pathogenesis and prevent progression to severe states. This will allow for a more efficient use of a low cost and accessible treatment like VitD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa Khalil
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shirin Hafezi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wu HF, Saito-Diaz K, Huang CW, McAlpine JL, Seo DE, Magruder DS, Ishan M, Bergeron HC, Delaney WH, Santori FR, Krishnaswamy S, Hart GW, Chen YW, Hogan RJ, Liu HX, Ivanova NB, Zeltner N. Parasympathetic neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells model human diseases and development. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:734-753.e8. [PMID: 38608707 PMCID: PMC11069445 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Autonomic parasympathetic neurons (parasymNs) control unconscious body responses, including "rest-and-digest." ParasymN innervation is important for organ development, and parasymN dysfunction is a hallmark of autonomic neuropathy. However, parasymN function and dysfunction in humans are vastly understudied due to the lack of a model system. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons can fill this void as a versatile platform. Here, we developed a differentiation paradigm detailing the derivation of functional human parasymNs from Schwann cell progenitors. We employ these neurons (1) to assess human autonomic nervous system (ANS) development, (2) to model neuropathy in the genetic disorder familial dysautonomia (FD), (3) to show parasymN dysfunction during SARS-CoV-2 infection, (4) to model the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and (5) to show that parasymNs innervate white adipocytes (WATs) during development and promote WAT maturation. Our model system could become instrumental for future disease modeling and drug discovery studies, as well as for human developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kenyi Saito-Diaz
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jessica L McAlpine
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong Eun Seo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D Sumner Magruder
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Wu Tsai Institute, Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Harrison C Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - William H Delaney
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Fabio R Santori
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Department of Computer Science, Wu Tsai Institute, Program for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Institute for Airway Sciences, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert J Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Natalia B Ivanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Lu RXZ, Zhao Y, Radisic M. The emerging role of heart-on-a-chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac dysfunction. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10581. [PMID: 38818123 PMCID: PMC11135153 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major global health concern since its emergence in 2019, with over 680 million confirmed cases as of April 2023. While COVID-19 has been strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, the specific mechanisms by which viral infection induces myocardial dysfunction remain largely controversial as studies have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 can lead to heart failure both directly, by causing damage to the heart cells, and indirectly, by triggering an inflammatory response throughout the body. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of potential mechanisms that drive heart failure based on in vitro studies. We also discuss the significance of three-dimensional heart-on-a-chip technology in the context of the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular ResearchUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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Yin DE, Palin AC, Lombo TB, Mahon RN, Poon B, Wu DY, Atala A, Brooks KM, Chen S, Coyne CB, D’Souza MP, Fackler OT, Furler O’Brien RL, Garcia-de-Alba C, Jean-Philippe P, Karn J, Majji S, Muotri AR, Ozulumba T, Sakatis MZ, Schlesinger LS, Singh A, Spiegel HM, Struble E, Sung K, Tagle DA, Thacker VV, Tidball AM, Varthakavi V, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wagar LE, Yeung CK, Ndhlovu LC, Ott M. 3D human tissue models and microphysiological systems for HIV and related comorbidities. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:526-543. [PMID: 38071144 PMCID: PMC11065605 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) human tissue models/microphysiological systems (e.g., organs-on-chips, organoids, and tissue explants) model HIV and related comorbidities and have potential to address critical questions, including characterization of viral reservoirs, insufficient innate and adaptive immune responses, biomarker discovery and evaluation, medical complexity with comorbidities (e.g., tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2), and protection and transmission during pregnancy and birth. Composed of multiple primary or stem cell-derived cell types organized in a dedicated 3D space, these systems hold unique promise for better reproducing human physiology, advancing therapeutic development, and bridging the human-animal model translational gap. Here, we discuss the promises and achievements with 3D human tissue models in HIV and comorbidity research, along with remaining barriers with respect to cell biology, virology, immunology, and regulatory issues.
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Chen S, Fu Z, Chen K, Zheng X, Fu Z. Decoding HiPSC-CM's Response to SARS-CoV-2: mapping the molecular landscape of cardiac injury. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:271. [PMID: 38475718 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cardiac injury caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases mortality. Acute cardiac injury caused by COVID-19 requires understanding how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly infects cardiomyocytes. This study provides a solid foundation for related studies by using a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) at the transcriptome level, highlighting the relevance of this study to related studies. SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-CMs has previously been studied by bioinformatics without presenting the full molecular biological process. We present a unique bioinformatics view of the complete molecular biological process of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-CMs. METHODS To validate the RNA-seq datasets, we used GSE184715 and GSE150392 for the analytical studies, GSE193722 for validation at the cellular level, and GSE169241 for validation in heart tissue samples. GeneCards and MsigDB databases were used to find genes associated with the phenotype. In addition to differential expression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), we also performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, hub gene analysis, upstream transcription factor prediction, and drug prediction. RESULTS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified into four categories: cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal protein inhibition, proto-oncogene activation and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular cytoplasmic physiological function. Each of the hub genes showed good diagnostic prediction, which was well validated in other datasets. Inhibited biological functions included cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal proteins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and electron transport chain (ETC), glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, citric acid cycle, nucleic acid metabolism, replication, transcription, translation, ubiquitination, autophagy, and cellular transport. Proto-oncogenes, inflammation, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathways, and interferon signaling were activated, as well as inflammatory factors. Viral infection activates multiple pathways, including the interferon pathway, proto-oncogenes and mitochondrial oxidative stress, while inhibiting cardiomyocyte backbone proteins and energy metabolism. Infection limits intracellular synthesis and metabolism, as well as the raw materials for mitochondrial energy synthesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction and energy abnormalities are ultimately caused by proto-oncogene activation and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Activation of the interferon pathway, proto-oncogene up-regulation, and mitochondrial oxidative stress cause the inflammatory response and lead to diminished cardiomyocyte contraction. Replication, transcription, translation, ubiquitination, autophagy, and cellular transport are among the functions that decline physiologically. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 infection in hiPSC-CMs is fundamentally mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapeutic interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may alleviate the cardiovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Zhenquan Fu
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyao Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhenyang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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8
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Chang YY, Wei AC. Transcriptome and machine learning analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on mitochondria and multiorgan damage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297664. [PMID: 38295140 PMCID: PMC10830027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily concern the respiratory tract and lungs; however, studies have shown that all organs are susceptible to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 may involve multiorgan damage from direct viral invasion through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), through inflammatory cytokine storms, or through other secondary pathways. This study involved the analysis of publicly accessible transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for identifying significant differentially expressed genes related to COVID-19 and an investigation relating to the pathways associated with mitochondrial, cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in COVID-19. Significant differentially expressed genes were identified and ranked by statistical approaches, and the genes derived by biological meaning were ranked by feature importance; both were utilized as machine learning features for verification. Sample set selection for machine learning was based on the performance, sample size, imbalanced data state, and overfitting assessment. Machine learning served as a verification tool by facilitating the testing of biological hypotheses by incorporating gene list adjustment. A subsequent in-depth study for gene and pathway network analysis was conducted to explore whether COVID-19 is associated with cardiac, hepatic, and renal impairments via mitochondrial infection. The analysis showed that potential cardiac, hepatic, and renal impairments in COVID-19 are associated with ACE2, inflammatory cytokine storms, and mitochondrial pathways, suggesting potential medical interventions for COVID-19-induced multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Roland TJ, Song K. Advances in the Generation of Constructed Cardiac Tissue Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Discovery. Cells 2024; 13:250. [PMID: 38334642 PMCID: PMC10854966 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human heart lacks significant regenerative capacity; thus, the solution to heart failure (HF) remains organ donation, requiring surgery and immunosuppression. The demand for constructed cardiac tissues (CCTs) to model and treat disease continues to grow. Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) manipulation, CRISPR gene editing, and 3D tissue culture have enabled a boom in iPSC-derived CCTs (iPSC-CCTs) with diverse cell types and architecture. Compared with 2D-cultured cells, iPSC-CCTs better recapitulate heart biology, demonstrating the potential to advance organ modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine, though iPSC-CCTs could benefit from better methods to faithfully mimic heart physiology and electrophysiology. Here, we summarize advances in iPSC-CCTs and future developments in the vascularization, immunization, and maturation of iPSC-CCTs for study and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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11
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Li M, Yuan Y, Zou T, Hou Z, Jin L, Wang B. Development trends of human organoid-based COVID-19 research based on bibliometric analysis. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13496. [PMID: 37218396 PMCID: PMC10693193 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a catastrophic threat to human health worldwide. Human stem cell-derived organoids serve as a promising platform for exploring SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several review articles have summarized the application of human organoids in COVID-19, but the research status and development trend of this field have seldom been systematically and comprehensively studied. In this review, we use bibliometric analysis method to identify the characteristics of organoid-based COVID-19 research. First, an annual trend of publications and citations, the most contributing countries or regions and organizations, co-citation analysis of references and sources and research hotspots are determined. Next, systematical summaries of organoid applications in investigating the pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine development and drug discovery, are provided. Lastly, the current challenges and future considerations of this field are discussed. The present study will provide an objective angle to identify the current trend and give novel insights for directing the future development of human organoid applications in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye HospitalThird Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering (School of Modern Industry for Health and Medicine)Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
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12
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Chu SW, Wang FS. Fuzzy optimization for identifying antiviral targets for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in the heart. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:364. [PMID: 37759157 PMCID: PMC10537911 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a fuzzy hierarchical optimization framework is proposed for identifying potential antiviral targets for treating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the heart. The proposed framework comprises four objectives for evaluating the elimination of viral biomass growth and the minimization of side effects during treatment. In the application of the framework, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) and Ham's medium were used as uptake nutrients on an antiviral target discovery platform. The prediction results from the framework reveal that most of the antiviral enzymes in the aforementioned media are involved in fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. However, six enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in Ham's medium and three enzymes involved in glycolysis in DMEM are unable to eliminate the growth of the SARS-CoV-2 biomass. Three enzymes involved in glycolysis, namely BPGM, GAPDH, and ENO1, in DMEM combine with the supplemental uptake of L-cysteine to increase the cell viability grade and metabolic deviation grade. Moreover, six enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis reduce and fail to reduce viral biomass growth in a culture medium if a cholesterol uptake reaction does not occur and occurs in this medium, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sz-Wei Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 621301, Taiwan.
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13
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Yang P, Chen Z, Huang W, Zhang J, Zou L, Wang H. Communications between macrophages and cardiomyocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:206. [PMID: 37587464 PMCID: PMC10428630 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body and is one of the most vital organs in human body. While cardiomyocytes are essential for maintaining the normal function of the heart, a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery occlusion, arrhythmia, and myocarditis can lead to cardiomyocyte death, resulting in deterioration of heart function. The adult mammalian heart is incapable of regenerating sufficient cardiomyocytes following cardiac injuries, eventually leading to heart failure and death. Cardiac macrophages are ubiquitously distributed in the healthy heart and accumulated at the site of injury. Macrophages play essential roles in regulating homeostasis and proliferation of cardiomyocyte, promoting electrical conduction, and removing dead cardiomyocytes and debris through direct and indirect cell-cell crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the latest insights into the role of macrophages in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and the macrophage-cardiomyocyte crosstalk in both healthy and injured scenarios. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Chen T, Chen H, Chen P, Zhu L, Mao W, Yao Y. High expression of IL6 and decrease in immune cells in COVID-19 patients combined with myocardial injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190644. [PMID: 37564653 PMCID: PMC10410153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial injury, as a serious complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), increases the occurrence of adverse outcomes. Identification of key regulatory molecules of myocardial injury may help formulate corresponding treatment strategies and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Methods Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify co-regulatory pathways. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE150392 and GSE169241 were screened and an intersection analysis with key genes of the co-regulatory pathway was conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen for key regulatory genes. Preliminarily screened genes were verified using other datasets to identify genes with consistent expression. Based on the hierarchical cluster, we divided the patients from GSE177477 into high- and low-risk groups and compared the proportion of immune cells. A total of 267 COVID-19 patients from the Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 26, 2022, to January 11, 2023, were enrolled to verify the bioinformatics results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for myocardial injury. According to high-sensitivity troponin (hsTnI) levels, patients with COVID-19 were divided into high- and low-sensitivity groups, and interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and lymphocyte subsets were compared. Patients were also divided into high and low groups according to the IL6 expression, and hsTnI levels were compared. Results Interleukin signaling pathway and GPCR ligand binding were shown to be co-regulatory pathways in myocardial injury associated with COVID-19. According to the hierarchical cluster analysis of seven genes (IL6, NFKBIA, CSF1, CXCL1, IL1R1, SOCS3, and CASP1), patients with myocardial injury could be distinguished from those without myocardial injury. Age, IL6 levels, and hospital stay may be factors influencing myocardial injury caused by COVID-19. Compared with COVID-19 patients without myocardial injury, the levels of IL6 in patients with myocardial injury increased, while the number of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells decreased (P<0.05). The hsTnI levels in COVID-19 patients with high IL6 levels were higher than those in patients with low IL6 (P<0.05). Conclusions The COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury had elevated IL6 expression and decreased lymphocyte counts. IL6 may participate in myocardial injury through the interleukin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Linchao Zhu
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital (Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yao
- Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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15
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Banerjee D, Tian R, Cai S. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Cardiac Injury and Repair: A Metabolic Perspective. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:631-640. [PMID: 37249739 PMCID: PMC10227821 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01897-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent technological advances have identified distinct subpopulations and roles of the cardiac innate immune cells, specifically macrophages and neutrophils. Studies on distinct metabolic pathways of macrophage and neutrophil in cardiac injury are expanding. Here, we elaborate on the roles of cardiac macrophages and neutrophils in concomitance with their metabolism in normal and diseased hearts. RECENT FINDINGS Single-cell techniques combined with fate mapping have identified the clusters of innate immune cell subpopulations present in the resting and diseased hearts. We are beginning to know about the presence of cardiac resident macrophages and their functions. Resident macrophages perform cardiac homeostatic roles, whereas infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages contribute to tissue damage during cardiac injury with eventual role in repair. Prior studies show that metabolic pathways regulate the phenotypes of the macrophages and neutrophils during cardiac injury. Profiling the metabolism of the innate immune cells, especially of resident macrophages during chronic and acute cardiac diseases, can further the understanding of cardiac immunometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durba Banerjee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican St., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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16
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Satta S, Rockwood SJ, Wang K, Wang S, Mozneb M, Arzt M, Hsiai TK, Sharma A. Microfluidic Organ-Chips and Stem Cell Models in the Fight Against COVID-19. Circ Res 2023; 132:1405-1424. [PMID: 37167356 PMCID: PMC10171291 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus underlying COVID-19, has now been recognized to cause multiorgan disease with a systemic effect on the host. To effectively combat SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent development of COVID-19, it is critical to detect, monitor, and model viral pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in microfluidics, organ-on-a-chip, and human stem cell-derived models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection in the physiological organ microenvironment, together with their limitations. Microfluidic-based detection methods have greatly enhanced the rapidity, accessibility, and sensitivity of viral detection from patient samples. Engineered organ-on-a-chip models that recapitulate in vivo physiology have been developed for many organ systems to study viral pathology. Human stem cell-derived models have been utilized not only to model viral tropism and pathogenesis in a physiologically relevant context but also to screen for effective therapeutic compounds. The combination of all these platforms, along with future advancements, may aid to identify potential targets and develop novel strategies to counteract COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Satta
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, California (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.)
| | - Sarah J Rockwood
- Stanford University Medical Scientist Training Program, Palo Alto, CA (S.J.R.)
| | - Kaidong Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, California (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.)
| | - Shaolei Wang
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, California (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.)
| | - Maedeh Mozneb
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Smidt Heart Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Cancer Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Madelyn Arzt
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Smidt Heart Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Cancer Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.), University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, California (S.S., K.W., S.W., T.K.H.)
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Smidt Heart Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Cancer Institute (M.M., M.A., A.S.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Li C, Stine LD, Wang PH, Turnbull MW, Wu H, Liu Q. Ectopic expression of SARS-CoV-2 S and ORF-9B proteins alters metabolic profiles and impairs contractile function in cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1110271. [PMID: 36910162 PMCID: PMC9994814 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with adverse impacts in the cardiovascular system, but the mechanisms driving this response remain unclear. In this study, we conducted "pseudoviral infection" of SARS-CoV-2 subunits to evaluate their toxic effects in cardiomyocytes (CMs), that were derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We found that the ectopic expression of S and ORF-9B subunits significantly impaired the contractile function and altered the metabolic profiles in human cardiomyocytes. Further mechanistic study has shown that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), membrane potential, and ATP production were significantly decreased two days after the overexpression of S and ORF-9B subunits, while S subunits induced higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Two weeks after overexpression, glycolysis was elevated in the ORF-9B group. Based on the transcriptomic analysis, both S and ORF-9B subunits dysregulated signaling pathways associated with metabolism and cardiomyopathy, including upregulated genes involved in HIF-signaling and downregulated genes involved in cholesterol biosynthetic processes. The ORF-9B subunit also enhanced glycolysis in the CMs. Our results collectively provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 subunits-induced metabolic alterations and cardiac dysfunctions in the hearts of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lindsay D. Stine
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Pei-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Matthew W. Turnbull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Haodi Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, United States
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18
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Vosko I, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:508. [PMID: 36851722 PMCID: PMC9962056 DOI: 10.3390/v15020508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection with the novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Until now, more than 670 million people have suffered from COVID-19 worldwide, and roughly 7 million death cases were attributed to COVID-19. Recent evidence suggests an interplay between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (CVD). COVID-19 may serve as a yet underappreciated CVD risk modifier, including risk factors such as diabetes mellitus or arterial hypertension. In addition, recent data suggest that previous COVID-19 may increase the risk for many entities of CVD to an extent similarly observed for traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Furthermore, increased CVD incidence and worse clinical outcomes in individuals with preexisting CVD have been observed for myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure (HF), thromboembolic complications, and arrhythmias. Direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed by which COVID-19 may impact CVD and CV risk, including viral entry into CV tissue or by the induction of a massive systemic inflammatory response. In the current review, we provide an overview of the literature reporting an interaction between COVID-19 and CVD, review potential mechanisms underlying this interaction, and discuss preventive and treatment strategies and their interference with CVD that were evaluated since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heiko Bugger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
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19
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Yip S, Wang N, Sugimura R. Give Them Vasculature and Immune Cells: How to Fill the Gap of Organoids. Cells Tissues Organs 2023; 212:369-382. [PMID: 36716724 PMCID: PMC10711768 DOI: 10.1159/000529431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Valid and relevant models are critical for research to have biological relevance or to proceed in the right path. As well-established two-dimensional cell cultures lack niches and cues and rodent models differ in species, three-dimensional organoids emerged as a powerful platform for research. Cultured in vitro from stem cells, organoids are heterogeneous in cells and closely resemble the in vivo settings. Organoids also recapitulate the unique human features if cultured from a human source and are subjected to genetic modification. However, one type of organoid possesses only a limited selection of cells. In particular, the absence of vasculature and immune cells restricts the organoids from nutrition, cues, or critical interactions, undermining the validity of organoids as physiological or pathological models. To fill the current gap, there is an urgent need to provide organoids with vasculature and immune cells. In this paper, we review the methods to generate physiological and pathological organoid models and summarize ways to vascularize or immunize them. Our discussion continues with some advantages and disadvantages of each method and some emerging solutions to current problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophronia Yip
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nan Wang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Chaves AJM, Jucá PM, Soares MVR, de Oliveira CA, de Sousa RC, Lós DB, Russo RC, Yaochite JNU, Macedo DS. In vitro immunogenic profile of recombinant SARS-CoV2 S1-RBD peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e220144. [PMID: 37018795 PMCID: PMC10065410 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can infect common mice inducing significant pathological lung lesions and inflammatory responses. This substantially mimics coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection and pathogenesis in humans. OBJECTIVES To characterise the effects of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1 receptor-binding domain (RBD) peptide in murine macrophage and microglial cells’ immune activation compared with classical PAMPs in vitro. METHODS Murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglial cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of the RBD peptide (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 µg/mL), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Poly(I:C) and evaluated after two and 24 h for significant markers of macrophage activation. We determined the effects of RBD peptide on cell viability, cleaved caspase 3 expressions, and nuclear morphometry analysis. FINDINGS In RAW cells, RBD peptide was cytotoxic, but not for BV2 cells. RAW cells presented increased arginase activity and IL-10 production; however, BV2 cells expressed iNOS and IL-6 after RBD peptide exposure. In addition, RAW cells increased cleaved-caspase-3, apoptosis, and mitotic catastrophe after RBD peptide stimulation but not BV2 cells. CONCLUSION RBD peptide exposure has different effects depending on the cell line, exposure time, and concentration. This study brings new evidence about the immunogenic profile of RBD in macrophage and microglial cells, advancing the understanding of SARS-Cov2 immuno- and neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano José Maia Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Paloma Marinho Jucá
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Michelle Verde Ramo Soares
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Caio Andrade de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Raul Cavalcante de Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Remo Castro Russo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - Danielle S Macedo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
- + Corresponding author: /
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21
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Cable J, Lutolf MP, Fu J, Park SE, Apostolou A, Chen S, Song CJ, Spence JR, Liberali P, Lancaster M, Meier AB, Pek NMQ, Wells JM, Capeling MM, Uzquiano A, Musah S, Huch M, Gouti M, Hombrink P, Quadrato G, Urenda JP. Organoids as tools for fundamental discovery and translation-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:196-208. [PMID: 36177906 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Complex three-dimensional in vitro organ-like models, or organoids, offer a unique biological tool with distinct advantages over two-dimensional cell culture systems, which can be too simplistic, and animal models, which can be too complex and may fail to recapitulate human physiology and pathology. Significant progress has been made in driving stem cells to differentiate into different organoid types, though several challenges remain. For example, many organoid models suffer from high heterogeneity, and it can be difficult to fully incorporate the complexity of in vivo tissue and organ development to faithfully reproduce human biology. Successfully addressing such limitations would increase the viability of organoids as models for drug development and preclinical testing. On April 3-6, 2022, experts in organoid development and biology convened at the Keystone Symposium "Organoids as Tools for Fundamental Discovery and Translation" to discuss recent advances and insights from this relatively new model system into human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences (SV) and School of Engineering (STI), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science (SB), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sunghee Estelle Park
- Department of Bioengineering and NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Athanasia Apostolou
- Emulate Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Cheng Jack Song
- Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna B Meier
- First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Min Qian Pek
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology and Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana Uzquiano
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samira Musah
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mina Gouti
- Stem Cell Modelling of Development & Disease Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- University Medical Center Utrecht and HUB Organoids, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Quadrato
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Urenda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine and Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Xing J, Shankar R, Ko M, Zhang K, Zhang S, Drelich A, Paithankar S, Chekalin E, Chua MS, Rajasekaran S, Kent Tseng CT, Zheng M, Kim S, Chen B. Deciphering COVID-19 host transcriptomic complexity and variations for therapeutic discovery against new variants. iScience 2022; 25:105068. [PMID: 36093376 PMCID: PMC9439871 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular manifestations of host cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 and its evolving variants of infection are vastly different across the studied models and conditions, imposing challenges for host-based antiviral drug discovery. Based on the postulation that antiviral drugs tend to reverse the global host gene expression induced by viral infection, we retrospectively evaluated hundreds of signatures derived from 1,700 published host transcriptomic profiles of SARS/MERS/SARS-CoV-2 infection using an iterative data-driven approach. A few of these signatures could be reversed by known anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, suggesting the potential of extrapolating the biology for new variant research. We discovered IMD-0354 as a promising candidate to reverse the signatures globally with nanomolar IC50 against SARS-CoV-2 and its five variants. IMD-0354 stimulated type I interferon antiviral response, inhibited viral entry, and down-regulated hijacked proteins. This study demonstrates that the conserved coronavirus signatures and the transcriptomic reversal approach that leverages polypharmacological effects could guide new variant therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xing
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Rama Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Meehyun Ko
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Keke Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shreya Paithankar
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Eugene Chekalin
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Surender Rajasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Chien-Te Kent Tseng
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Center of Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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23
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Duan X, Lacko LA, Chen S. Druggable targets and therapeutic development for COVID-19. Front Chem 2022; 10:963701. [PMID: 36277347 PMCID: PMC9581228 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.963701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the biggest challenge to the global public health and economy in recent years. Until now, only limited therapeutic regimens have been available for COVID-19 patients, sparking unprecedented efforts to study coronavirus biology. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 encodes 16 non-structural, four structural, and nine accessory proteins, which mediate the viral life cycle, including viral entry, RNA replication and transcription, virion assembly and release. These processes depend on the interactions between viral polypeptides and host proteins, both of which could be potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Here, we will discuss the potential medicinal value of essential proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and key host factors. We summarize the most updated therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 patients, including those approved clinically or in clinical trials.
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24
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Xu H, Liu G, Gong J, Zhang Y, Gu S, Wan Z, Yang P, Nie Y, Wang Y, Huang Z, Luo G, Chen Z, Zhang D, Cao N. Investigating and Resolving Cardiotoxicity Induced by COVID-19 Treatments using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Engineered Heart Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203388. [PMID: 36055796 PMCID: PMC9539280 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 continues to spread worldwide. Given the urgent need for effective treatments, many clinical trials are ongoing through repurposing approved drugs. However, clinical data regarding the cardiotoxicity of these drugs are limited. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hCMs) represent a powerful tool for assessing drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, by using hCMs, it is demonstrated that four antiviral drugs, namely, apilimod, remdesivir, ritonavir, and lopinavir, exhibit cardiotoxicity in terms of inducing cell death, sarcomere disarray, and dysregulation of calcium handling and contraction, at clinically relevant concentrations. Human engineered heart tissue (hEHT) model is used to further evaluate the cardiotoxic effects of these drugs and it is found that they weaken hEHT contractile function. RNA-seq analysis reveals that the expression of genes that regulate cardiomyocyte function, such as sarcomere organization (TNNT2, MYH6) and ion homeostasis (ATP2A2, HCN4), is significantly altered after drug treatments. Using high-throughput screening of approved drugs, it is found that ceftiofur hydrochloride, astaxanthin, and quetiapine fumarate can ameliorate the cardiotoxicity of remdesivir, with astaxanthin being the most prominent one. These results warrant caution and careful monitoring when prescribing these therapies in patients and provide drug candidates to limit remdesivir-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Center of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat‐Sen University)Guangzhou510080China
| | - Ge Liu
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
| | - Jixing Gong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High‐throughput Drug Screening TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringHubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional MedicineHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and RegulationState Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510275China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
| | - Zhongjun Wan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High‐throughput Drug Screening TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringHubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional MedicineHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High‐throughput Drug Screening TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringHubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional MedicineHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Yage Nie
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
| | - Zhan‐peng Huang
- Center of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat‐Sen University)Guangzhou510080China
| | - Guanzheng Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and RegulationState Key Laboratory of BiocontrolSchool of Life SciencesSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510275China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High‐throughput Drug Screening TechnologyState Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme EngineeringHubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional MedicineHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Nan Cao
- The Seventh Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080China
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25
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Chen G, Jiang H, Yao Y, Tao Z, Chen W, Huang F, Chen X. Macrophage, a potential targeted therapeutic immune cell for cardiomyopathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:908790. [PMID: 36247005 PMCID: PMC9561843 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.908790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of heart failure, leading to systolic and diastolic dysfunction and promoting adverse cardiac remodeling. Macrophages, as key immune cells of the heart, play a crucial role in inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, exogenous and cardiac resident macrophages are functionally and phenotypically different during cardiac injury. Although experimental evidence has shown that macrophage-targeted therapy is promising in cardiomyopathy, clinical translation remains challenging. In this article, the molecular mechanism of macrophages in cardiomyopathy has been discussed in detail based on existing literature. The issues and considerations of clinical treatment strategies for myocardial fibrosis has also been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganyi Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwei Yao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghao Tao
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuhua Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fuhua Huang, ; Xin Chen,
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fuhua Huang, ; Xin Chen,
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26
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Human macrophages directly modulate iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes at healthy state and congenital arrhythmia model in vitro. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1295-1310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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27
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Arhontoulis DC, Kerr CM, Richards D, Tjen K, Hyams N, Jones JA, Deleon‐Pennell K, Menick D, Bräuninger H, Lindner D, Westermann D, Mei Y. Human cardiac organoids to model COVID-19 cytokine storm induced cardiac injuries. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:799-811. [PMID: 35689600 PMCID: PMC9350263 DOI: 10.1002/term.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiac injuries occur in 20%-25% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Herein, we demonstrate that human cardiac organoids (hCOs) are a viable platform to model the cardiac injuries caused by COVID-19 hyperinflammation. As IL-1β is an upstream cytokine and a core COVID-19 signature cytokine, it was used to stimulate hCOs to induce the release of a milieu of proinflammatory cytokines that mirror the profile of COVID-19 cytokine storm. The IL-1β treated hCOs recapitulated transcriptomic, structural, and functional signatures of COVID-19 hearts. The comparison of IL-1β treated hCOs with cardiac tissue from COVID-19 autopsies illustrated the critical roles of hyper-inflammation in COVID-19 cardiac insults and indicated the cardioprotective effects of endothelium. The IL-1β treated hCOs thus provide a defined and robust model to assess the efficacy and potential side effects of immunomodulatory drugs, as well as the reversibility of COVID-19 cardiac injuries at baseline and simulated exercise conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C. Arhontoulis
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Charles M. Kerr
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Dylan Richards
- Bioengineering DepartmentClemson UniversityCharlestonSCUSA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Jefferey A. Jones
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterResearch ServiceCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kristine Deleon‐Pennell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterResearch ServiceCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineGazes Cardiac Research InstituteMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Donald Menick
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical CenterResearch ServiceCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineGazes Cardiac Research InstituteMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Hanna Bräuninger
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Hamburg / Kiel / LübeckGermany
| | - Diana Lindner
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Heart and Vascular Center HamburgHamburgGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Partner Site Hamburg / Kiel / LübeckGermany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and AngiologyUniversity Heart Center FreiburgBad KrozingenGermany
- Medical FacultyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ying Mei
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology ProgramMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Bioengineering DepartmentClemson UniversityCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell BiologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
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28
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Clerbaux LA, Albertini MC, Amigó N, Beronius A, Bezemer GFG, Coecke S, Daskalopoulos EP, del Giudice G, Greco D, Grenga L, Mantovani A, Muñoz A, Omeragic E, Parissis N, Petrillo M, Saarimäki LA, Soares H, Sullivan K, Landesmann B. Factors Modulating COVID-19: A Mechanistic Understanding Based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework. J Clin Med 2022; 11:4464. [PMID: 35956081 PMCID: PMC9369763 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing factors modulating COVID-19 is crucial since abundant clinical evidence shows that outcomes are markedly heterogeneous between patients. This requires identifying the factors and understanding how they mechanistically influence COVID-19. Here, we describe how eleven selected factors (age, sex, genetic factors, lipid disorders, heart failure, gut dysbiosis, diet, vitamin D deficiency, air pollution and exposure to chemicals) influence COVID-19 by applying the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), which is well-established in regulatory toxicology. This framework aims to model the sequence of events leading to an adverse health outcome. Several linear AOPs depicting pathways from the binding of the virus to ACE2 up to clinical outcomes observed in COVID-19 have been developed and integrated into a network offering a unique overview of the mechanisms underlying the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 infectibility and ACE2 activity are the major starting points and inflammatory response is central in the development of COVID-19, we evaluated how those eleven intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate those processes impacting clinical outcomes. Applying this AOP-aligned approach enables the identification of current knowledge gaps orientating for further research and allows to propose biomarkers to identify of high-risk patients. This approach also facilitates expertise synergy from different disciplines to address public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Alix Clerbaux
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab SL., 43204 Reus, Spain;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 23204 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Beronius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Gillina F. G. Bezemer
- Impact Station, 1223 JR Hilversum, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Evangelos P. Daskalopoulos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia Grenga
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SPI, F-30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France;
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Amalia Muñoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium;
| | - Elma Omeragic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nikolaos Parissis
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Mauro Petrillo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Laura A. Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (G.d.G.); (D.G.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Helena Soares
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Pathogenesis, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Medical School, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Kristie Sullivan
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - Brigitte Landesmann
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (S.C.); (E.P.D.); (N.P.); (M.P.); (B.L.)
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29
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Argueta LB, Lacko LA, Bram Y, Tada T, Carrau L, Rendeiro AF, Zhang T, Uhl S, Lubor BC, Chandar V, Gil C, Zhang W, Dodson BJ, Bastiaans J, Prabhu M, Houghton S, Redmond D, Salvatore CM, Yang YJ, Elemento O, Baergen RN, tenOever BR, Landau NR, Chen S, Schwartz RE, Stuhlmann H. Inflammatory responses in the placenta upon SARS-CoV-2 infection late in pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:104223. [PMID: 35434541 PMCID: PMC8996470 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on placental function is not well understood. Analysis of placentas from women who tested positive at delivery showed SARS-CoV-2 genomic and subgenomic RNA in 22 out of 52 placentas. Placentas from two mothers with symptomatic COVID-19 whose pregnancies resulted in adverse outcomes for the fetuses contained high levels of viral Alpha variant RNA. The RNA was localized to the trophoblasts that cover the fetal chorionic villi in direct contact with maternal blood. The intervillous spaces and villi were infiltrated with maternal macrophages and T cells. Transcriptome analysis showed an increased expression of chemokines and pathways associated with viral infection and inflammation. Infection of placental cultures with live SARS-CoV-2 and spike protein-pseudotyped lentivirus showed infection of syncytiotrophoblast and, in rare cases, endothelial cells mediated by ACE2 and Neuropilin-1. Viruses with Alpha, Beta, and Delta variant spikes infected the placental cultures at significantly greater levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissenya B. Argueta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lauretta A. Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takuya Tada
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - André Figueiredo Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Skyler Uhl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brienne C. Lubor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cristianel Gil
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Genomics Resources Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brittany J. Dodson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeroen Bastiaans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Malavika Prabhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sean Houghton
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Redmond
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christine M. Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yawei J. Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rebecca N. Baergen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nathaniel R. Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Heidi Stuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding author
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30
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Human organoid models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Methods 2022; 19:418-428. [PMID: 35396481 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the deadliest pandemics in history. SARS-CoV-2 not only infects the respiratory tract, but also causes damage to many organs. Organoids, which can self-renew and recapitulate the various physiology of different organs, serve as powerful platforms to model COVID-19. In this Perspective, we overview the current effort to apply both human pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and adult organoids to study SARS-CoV-2 tropism, host response and immune cell-mediated host damage, and perform drug discovery and vaccine development. We summarize the technologies used in organoid-based COVID-19 research, discuss the remaining challenges and provide future perspectives in the application of organoid models to study SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging viruses.
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31
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Borlotti A, Thomaides-Brears H, Georgiopoulos G, Banerjee R, Robson MD, Fusco DN, Masci PG. The Additive Value of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854750. [PMID: 35463767 PMCID: PMC9021393 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In COVID-19 the development of severe viral pneumonia that is coupled with systemic inflammatory response triggers multi-organ failure and is of major concern. Cardiac involvement occurs in nearly 60% of patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and heralds worse clinical outcome. Diagnoses carried out in the acute phase of COVID-19 rely upon increased levels of circulating cardiac injury biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiography. These diagnostics, however, were unable to pinpoint the mechanisms of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. Identifying the main features of cardiac injury remains an urgent yet unmet need in cardiology, given the potential clinical consequences. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides an unparalleled opportunity to gain a deeper insight into myocardial injury given its unique ability to interrogate the properties of myocardial tissue. This endeavor is particularly important in convalescent COVID-19 patients as many continue to experience chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea and exertional fatigue, six or more months after the acute illness. This review will provide a critical appraisal of research on cardiovascular damage in convalescent adult COVID-19 patients with an emphasis on the use of CMR and its value to our understanding of organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borlotti
- Perspectum Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Borlotti,
| | | | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Dahlene N. Fusco
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Pier-Giorgio Masci
- Perspectum Ltd., Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Bajo-Morales J, Prieto-Prieto JC, Herrera LJ, Rojas I, Castillo-Secilla D. COVID-19 Biomarkers Recognition & Classification Using Intelligent Systems. Curr Bioinform 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893617666220328125029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
SARS-CoV-2 has paralyzed mankind due to its high transmissibility and its associated mortality, causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. The search for gene expression biomarkers from the host transcriptional response to infection may help understand the underlying mechanisms by which the virus causes COVID-19. This research proposes a smart methodology integrating different RNA-Seq datasets from SARS-CoV-2, other respiratory diseases, and healthy patients.
Methods:
The proposed pipeline exploits the functionality of the ‘KnowSeq’ R/Bioc package, integrating different data sources and attaining a significantly larger gene expression dataset, thus endowing the results with higher statistical significance and robustness in comparison with previous studies in the literature. A detailed preprocessing step was carried out to homogenize the samples and build a clinical decision system for SARS-CoV-2. It uses machine learning techniques such as feature selection algorithm and supervised classification system. This clinical decision system uses the most differentially expressed genes among different diseases (including SARS-Cov-2) to develop a four-class classifier.
Results:
The multiclass classifier designed can discern SARS-CoV-2 samples, reaching an accuracy equal to 91.5%, a mean F1-Score equal to 88.5%, and a SARS-CoV-2 AUC equal to 94% by using only 15 genes as predictors. A biological interpretation of the gene signature extracted reveals relations with processes involved in viral responses.
Conclusion:
This work proposes a COVID-19 gene signature composed of 15 genes, selected after applying the feature selection ‘minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance’ algorithm. The integration among several RNA-Seq datasets was a success, allowing for a considerable large number of samples and therefore providing greater statistical significance to the results than previous studies. Biological interpretation of the selected genes was also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bajo-Morales
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Prieto-Prieto
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IMIBIC, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Menéndez Pidal Avenue, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Castillo-Secilla
- Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada. C.I.T.I.C., Periodista Rafael Gómez Montero, 2, 18014, Granada, Spain
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33
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Upadhya S, Rehman J, Malik AB, Chen S. Mechanisms of Lung Injury Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:88-100. [PMID: 34698589 PMCID: PMC8873036 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the major target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19. Here, we outline the multistep mechanisms of lung epithelial and endothelial injury induced by SARS-CoV-2: direct viral infection, chemokine/cytokine-mediated damage, and immune cell-mediated lung injury. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in terms of antiviral therapeutics as well as the development of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. This review also provides a systematic overview of the models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and discusses how an understanding of mechanisms of lung injury will help identify potential targets for future drug development to mitigate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsara Upadhya
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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34
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Arhontoulis DC, Kerr C, Richards D, Tjen K, Hyams N, Jones JA, Deleon-Pennell K, Menick D, Lindner D, Westermann D, Mei Y. Human Cardiac Organoids to Model COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Induced Cardiac Injuries. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.01.31.478497. [PMID: 35132419 PMCID: PMC8820666 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.31.478497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiac injuries occur in 20-25% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Despite urgent needs, there is a lack of 3D organotypic models of COVID-19 hearts for mechanistic studies and drug testing. Herein, we demonstrate that human cardiac organoids (hCOs) are a viable platform to model the cardiac injuries caused by COVID-19 hyperinflammation. As IL-1βis an upstream cytokine and a core COVID-19 signature cytokine, it was used to stimulate hCOs to induce the release of a milieu of proinflammatory cytokines that mirror the profile of COVID-19 cytokine storm. The IL-1 β treated hCOs recapitulated transcriptomic, structural, and functional signatures of COVID-19 hearts. The comparison of IL-1β treated hCOs with cardiac tissue from COVID-19 autopsies illustrated the critical roles of hyper-inflammation in COVID-19 cardiac insults and indicated the cardioprotective effects of endothelium. The IL-1β treated hCOs also provide a viable model to assess the efficacy and potential side effects of immunomodulatory drugs, as well as the reversibility of COVID-19 cardiac injuries at baseline and simulated exercise conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Arhontoulis
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Charles Kerr
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dylan Richards
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hyams
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jefferey A. Jones
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kristine Deleon-Pennell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donald Menick
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Diana Lindner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg / Kiel / Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg / Kiel / Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ying Mei
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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35
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Zhang R, Chen X, Zuo W, Ji Z, Qu Y, Su Y, Yang M, Zuo P, Ma G, Li Y. Inflammatory activation and immune cell infiltration are main biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected myocardium. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2486-2497. [PMID: 35037831 PMCID: PMC8974226 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2014621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can target cardiomyocytes (CMs) to directly invade the heart resulting in high mortality. This study aims to explore the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected myocardium based on omics by collecting transcriptome data and analyzing them with a series of bioinformatics tools. Totally, 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered in SARS-CoV-2 infected CMs, and 15 miRNAs were discovered to target 60 genes. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the inflammatory signaling pathway. After the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, several genes including CCL2 and CXCL8 were regarded as the hub genes. SRC inhibitor saracatinib was predicted to potentially act against the cardiac dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2. Among the 86 DEGs, 28 were validated to be dysregulated in SARS-CoV-2 infected hearts. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that malaria, IL-17 signaling pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades were significantly enriched. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that ‘naive B cells’ was significantly increased in the SARS-CoV-2 infected heart. The above results may help to improve the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Su
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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36
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Li S, Zhu H, Zhao M, Liu W, Wang L, Zhu B, Xie W, Zhao C, Zhou Y, Ren C, Liu H, Jiang X. When stem cells meet COVID-19: recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:9. [PMID: 35012650 PMCID: PMC8744050 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 is currently spreading throughout the world with a high rate of infection and mortality and poses a huge threat to global public health. COVID-19 primarily manifests as hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which can lead to multiple organ failure. Despite advances in the supportive care approaches, there is still a lack of clinically effective therapies, and there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to fight this disease. Currently, stem cell therapy and stem cell-derived organoid models have received extensive attention as a new treatment and research method for COVID-19. Here, we discuss how stem cells play a role in the battle against COVID-19 and present a systematic review and prospective of the study on stem cell treatment and organoid models of COVID-19, which provides a reference for the effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hecheng Zhu
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Changsha Kexin Cancer Hospital, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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37
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Rockwood SJ, Arzt M, Sharma A. Modeling Cardiac SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:2121-2129. [PMID: 36272051 PMCID: PMC9589554 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of the global COVID-19 pandemic, primarily affects the respiratory tract, it is now recognized to have broad multi-organ tropism and systemic effects. Early reports indicated that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to cardiac damage, suggesting the virus may directly impact the heart. Cardiac cell types derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) enable mechanistic interrogation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human cardiac tissue. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the studies published since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic which utilize hPSCs and their cardiovascular derivative cell types to interrogate the tropism and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the heart, as well as explore potential therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies reveal that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting and replicating within hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and sinoatrial nodal cells, but not as extensively in their non-parenchymal counterparts. Additionally, they show striking viral effects on cardiomyocyte structure, transcriptional activity, and survival, along with potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Cardiac models derived from hPSCs are a viable platform to study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on cardiac tissue and may lead to novel mechanistic insight as well as therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Rockwood
- Stanford University Medical Scientist Training Program, 1600 Sand Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Madelyn Arzt
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048
| | - Arun Sharma
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048 ,Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA USA 90048
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Abstract
It has been nearly 15 years since the discovery of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). During this time, differentiation methods to targeted cells have dramatically improved, and many types of cells in the human body can be currently generated at high efficiency. In the cardiovascular field, the ability to generate human cardiomyocytes in vitro with the same genetic background as patients has provided a great opportunity to investigate human cardiovascular diseases at the cellular level to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the diseases and discover potential therapeutics. Additionally, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes have provided a powerful platform to study drug-induced cardiotoxicity and identify patients at high risk for the cardiotoxicity; thus, accelerating personalized precision medicine. Moreover, iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes can be sources for cardiac cell therapy. Here, we review these achievements and discuss potential improvements for the future application of iPSC technology in cardiovascular diseases.
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Post-mortem dissection of COVID-19: a pathogenic role for macrophages? Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:1322-1325. [PMID: 34471939 PMCID: PMC8409470 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-021-06509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nishiga
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.N., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.N., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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