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Olumuyide E, Agwuegbo CC, Ahmed EN. Exploring the Heart Failure Connection in Long COVID Patients: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e58694. [PMID: 38774167 PMCID: PMC11108637 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we explore the relationship between long COVID patients and their risk of developing heart failure (HF). Patients with long COVID face a heightened risk of HF, a critical cardiovascular complication linked to the prolonged effects of COVID-19. Clinical manifestations of long COVID-associated HF present diagnostic challenges, complicating patient management. Multidisciplinary care is essential to address these complexities effectively. We found that long COVID can result in various cardiovascular issues including HF. The current view is long COVID leads to HF by activating systemic inflammation by causing endothelial dysfunction, which leads to activation of the complement pathways, tissue factor pathways, and Von Willebrand factor; activation of all these factors leads to venous and arterial thrombosis, which could lead to clogging of blood vessel of the heart leading to cardiovascular complications. The association between long COVID and HF can be challenging despite being recognized as comorbidity because biomarkers are not dependable in determining whether a patient had HF before or after contracting COVID-19. Emerging therapeutic modalities offer hope for improving outcomes, but further research is needed to refine management strategies and mitigate long-term cardiovascular consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Olumuyide
- Internal Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Eman N Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
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2
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Zhang Y, Gao S, Xia S, Yang H, Bao X, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Linarin ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury by the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress targeting AKR1B1. Brain Res Bull 2024; 207:110868. [PMID: 38181967 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to various factors, there is still a lack of effective neuroprotective agents for ischemic stroke in clinical practice. Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress are some of the important pathological mechanisms in ischemic stroke. Linarin has been reported to have anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects in myocardial ischemia, osteoarthritis, and kidney disease. Whether it exerts neuroprotective functions in ischemic stroke has not been investigated. The results showed that linarin could reduce the infarct volume in cerebral ischemia animal models, improve the neurological function scores and suppress the expression of inflammatory factors mediating the NF-κB. Meanwhile, it could protect the neurons from OGD/R-induced-apoptosis, which was related to the PERK-eIF2α pathway. Our results suggested linarin could inhibit neuronal inflammation and apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of linarin may be related to the inhibition of AKR1B1. Our study offers new insight into protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury by linarin treatment in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingxiu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing 210008, China; Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing 210008, China.
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3
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Shahab M, Zheng G, Alshabrmi FM, Bourhia M, Wondmie GF, Mohammad Salamatullah A. Exploring potent aldose reductase inhibitors for anti-diabetic (anti-hyperglycemic) therapy: integrating structure-based drug design, and MMGBSA approaches. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1271569. [PMID: 38053577 PMCID: PMC10694256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1271569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an important target in the development of therapeutics against hyper-glycemia-induced health complications such as retinopathy, etc. In this study, we employed a combination of structure-based drug design, molecular simulation, and free energy calculation approaches to identify potential hit molecules against anti-diabetic (anti-hyperglycemic)-induced health complications. The 3D structure of aldoreductase was screened for multiple compound libraries (1,00,000 compounds) and identified as ZINC35671852, ZINC78774792 from the ZINC database, Diamino-di nitro-methyl dioctyl phthalate, and Penta-o-galloyl-glucose from the South African natural compounds database, and Bisindolylmethane thiosemi-carbazides and Bisindolylme-thane-hydrazone from the Inhouse database for this study. The mode of binding interactions of the selected compounds later predicted their aldose reductase inhibitory potential. These com-pounds interact with the key active site residues through hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and π-π interactions. The structural dynamics and binding free energy results further revealed that these compounds possess stable dynamics with excellent binding free energy scores. The structures of the lead inhibitors can serve as templates for developing novel inhibitors, and in vitro testing to confirm their anti-diabetic potential is warranted. The current study is the first to design small molecule inhibitors for the aldoreductase protein that can be used in the development of therapeutic agents to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | | | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Liao XX, Wu XY, Zhou YL, Li JJ, Wen YL, Zhou JJ. Gut microbiome metabolites as key actors in atherosclerosis co-depression disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988643. [PMID: 36439791 PMCID: PMC9686300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, mainly characterized by atherosclerosis (AS), and depression have a high comorbidity rate. However, previous studies have been conducted under a single disease, and there is a lack of studies in comorbid states to explore the commonalities in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Modern high-throughput technologies have made it clear that the gut microbiome can affect the development of the host's own disorders and have shown that their metabolites are crucial to the pathophysiology of AS and depression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current important findings on the role of gut microbiome metabolites such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N -oxide in depression and AS disease, with the aim of identifying potential biological targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of AS co-depression disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Liao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - You-Liang Wen
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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5
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Xia G, Shi H, Su Y, Han B, Shen C, Gao S, Chen Z, Xu C. Photoactivated adenylyl cyclases attenuate sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008702. [PMID: 36330522 PMCID: PMC9624221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardiopathy, characterized by innate immune cells infiltration and proinflammatory cytokines release, may lead to perfusion failure or even life-threatening cardiogenic shock. Macrophages-mediated inflammation has been shown to contribute to sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. In the current study, we introduced two photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs), Beggiatoa sp. PAC (bPAC) and Beggiatoa sp. IS2 PAC (biPAC) into macrophages by transfection to detect the effects of light-induced regulation of macrophage pro-inflammatory response and LPS-induced sepsis-induced myocardiopathy. By this method, we uncovered that blue light-induced bPAC or biPAC activation considerably inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, both at mRNA and protein levels. Further, we assembled a GelMA-Macrophages-LED system, which consists of GelMA—a type of light crosslink hydrogel, gene modulated macrophages and wireless LED device, to allow light to regulate cardiac inflammation in situ with murine models of LPS-induced sepsis. Our results showed significant inhibition of leukocytes infiltration, especially macrophages and neutrophils, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines release, and alleviation of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, our study may represent an emerging means to treat sepsis-induced myocardiopathy and other cardiovascular diseases by photo-activated regulating macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Wusong Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxing Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqiang Gao
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Neurophysiology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Congfeng Xu, ; Zhong Chen,
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6
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Jiao Y, Wang S, Jiang L, Sun X, Li J, Liu X, Yao X, Zhang C, Wang N, Deng H, Yang G. 2-undecanone protects against fine particles-induced heart inflammation via modulating Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1642-1652. [PMID: 35285579 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been closely associated with some cardiovascular disease. One of the mechanisms of PM2.5 -mediated heart injury may be to promote inflammation. We aim to investigate whether the main extract of Houttuynia cordata, 2-undecanone, can prevent the inflammation caused by PM2.5 , and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PM2.5 increased the expression of certain inflammatory cytokines, and caused oxidative damage in BALB/c mice and H9C2 cells. Supplementation with 2-undecanone attenuated this PM2.5 -induced inflammatory injury and oxidative damage. Further, we elucidated that the protective effect of 2-undecanone may be associated with NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The NF-κB pathway was distinctly activated after treated by PM2.5 , which can be blocked by 2-undecanone, accompanied by increasing Nrf2 and HO-1 levels. To figure out the relationship between NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, we knocked down Nrf2 gene. NF-κB pathway proteins and downstream inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased after treatment with PM2.5 , while 2-undecanone could decrease expression of these proteins. In conclusion, it is possible that 2-undecanone can induce the expression of the antioxidant enzyme HO-1 by activating Nrf2, thereby reducing NF-κB pathway and inflammatory damage of mouse myocardium caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Jiao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Liaoning Anti-degenerative Diseases Natural Products Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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Cheng CK, Huang Y. The gut-cardiovascular connection: new era for cardiovascular therapy. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:23-46. [PMID: 37724079 PMCID: PMC10388818 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Our gut microbiome is constituted by trillions of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic microbes. Nowadays, gut microbiome has been gradually recognized as a new organ system that systemically and biochemically interact with the host. Accumulating evidence suggests that the imbalanced gut microbiome contributes to the dysregulation of immune system and the disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis. Specific microbiome profiles and altered intestinal permeability are often observed in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Gut-derived metabolites, toxins, peptides and immune cell-derived cytokines play pivotal roles in the induction of inflammation and the pathogenesis of dysfunction of heart and vasculature. Impaired crosstalk between gut microbiome and multiple organ systems, such as gut-vascular, heart-gut, gut-liver and brain-gut axes, are associated with higher cardiovascular risks. Medications and strategies that restore healthy gut microbiome might therefore represent novel therapeutic options to lower the incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
- Heart and Vascular Institute and Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
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8
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Singh M, Kapoor A, Bhatnagar A. Physiological and Pathological Roles of Aldose Reductase. Metabolites 2021; 11:655. [PMID: 34677370 PMCID: PMC8541668 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the first step in the polyol pathway which converts glucose to sorbitol. Under normal glucose homeostasis the pathway represents a minor route of glucose metabolism that operates in parallel with glycolysis. However, during hyperglycemia the flux of glucose via the polyol pathway increases significantly, leading to excessive formation of sorbitol. The polyol pathway-driven accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol has been implicated in the development of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Based on the notion that inhibition of AR could prevent these complications a range of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested; however, their clinical efficacy has been found to be marginal at best. Moreover, recent work has shown that AR participates in the detoxification of aldehydes that are derived from lipid peroxidation and their glutathione conjugates. Although in some contexts this antioxidant function of AR helps protect against tissue injury and dysfunction, the metabolic transformation of the glutathione conjugates of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes could also lead to the generation of reactive metabolites that can stimulate mitogenic or inflammatory signaling events. Thus, inhibition of AR could have both salutary and injurious outcomes. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of AR could modify the effects of cardiovascular disease, asthma, neuropathy, sepsis, and cancer; therefore, additional work is required to selectively target AR inhibitors to specific disease states. Despite past challenges, we opine that a more gainful consideration of therapeutic modulation of AR activity awaits clearer identification of the specific role(s) of the AR enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Internal Medicine—Critical Care, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA;
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
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Non-acidic bifunctional benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones with antimicrobial and aldose reductase inhibitory activity as a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1837-1848. [PMID: 34366640 PMCID: PMC8335715 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Microbial infections that lead to sepsis syndrome are associated with an increased production of inflammatory molecules. Aldose reductase has recently emerged as a molecular target that is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Herein, a series of previously synthesized benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones that exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities has been evaluated for inhibition efficacy against aldose reductase and selectivity toward aldehyde reductase under in vitro conditions. The most promising inhibitor 5 was characterized with IC50 value of 3.99 μM and a moderate selectivity. Molecular docking simulations revealed the binding mode of compounds at the active site of human aldose reductase. Moreover, owning to the absence of an acidic pharmacophore, good membrane permeation of the novel aldose reductase inhibitors was predicted. Excellent “drug-likeness” was assessed for most of the compounds by applying the criteria of Lipinski’s “rule of five”. ![]()
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Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Kadosh BS, Garshick MS, Gaztanaga J, Moore KJ, Newman JD, Pillinger M, Ramasamy R, Reynolds HR, Shah B, Hochman J, Fishman GI, Katz SD. COVID-19 and the Heart and Vasculature: Novel Approaches to Reduce Virus-Induced Inflammation in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2045-2053. [PMID: 32687400 PMCID: PMC7446967 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge and opportunity for translational investigators to rapidly develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Greater risk of severe disease in COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus, obesity, and heart disease may be attributable to synergistic activation of vascular inflammation pathways associated with both COVID-19 and cardiometabolic disease. This mechanistic link provides a scientific framework for translational studies of drugs developed for treatment of cardiometabolic disease as novel therapeutic interventions to mitigate inflammation and improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard S. Kadosh
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Michael S. Garshick
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Juan Gaztanaga
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola (J.G.)
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Jonathan D. Newman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY (M.P.)
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Medicine (M.P., B.S.)
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Harmony R. Reynolds
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Binita Shah
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Medicine (M.P., B.S.)
| | - Judith Hochman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Stuart D. Katz
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
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Coyle J, Igbinomwanhia E, Sanchez-Nadales A, Danciu S, Chu C, Shah N. A Recovered Case of COVID-19 Myocarditis and ARDS Treated With Corticosteroids, Tocilizumab, and Experimental AT-001. JACC Case Rep 2020; 2:1331-1336. [PMID: 32368755 PMCID: PMC7196388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describes a case of a critically ill patient with myocarditis and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome related to coronavirus disease-2019. This case highlights management strategies, including the use of corticosteroids, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, and an aldose reductase inhibitor, resulting in complete clinical recovery. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
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Key Words
- 2019-nCoV
- ACS, acute coronary syndrome
- ARDS
- ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome
- ARI, aldose reductase inhibitor
- CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease-2019
- CT, computed tomography
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen
- LGE, late gadolinium enhancement
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2
- aldose reductase inhibitor
- cardiac magnetic resonance
- cardiogenic shock
- corticosteroids
- myocarditis
- tocilizumab
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Coyle
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Efehi Igbinomwanhia
- Department of Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Sorin Danciu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chae Chu
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nishit Shah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Yang L, Zhang H, Chen P. Sulfur dioxide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:11-20. [PMID: 30273666 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular system. This study was aimed to investigate cardioprotective effects of SO2 on in the rat and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Sepsis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats were used. SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3, 1:3 M/M) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 85 mg/kg. Primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with LPS (1 mg/mL) in presence or absence of different concentrations of SO2 (10, 50 and 100 μmol/L). SO2 donor could restore the decreased levels of SO2 in plasma and heart of septic rats. SO2 exhibited dramatic improvement in cardiac functions. At 24 h after CLP, SO2 treatments decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activity of caspase-3. Moreover CLP-induced inflammatory response was also relieved by SO2. In NRCMs, SO2 could suppress the LPS-induced myocardial injury, leading to an increase in cell viability, a decrease in LDH and apoptotic rate. Western blot showed that the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 were obviously increased in myocardial tissue of CLP group or in NRCMs of LPS group, while SO2 significantly inhibited the CLP-induced or LPS-induced TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 expression. CONCLUSION SO2 attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction likely in association with the inhibiting inflammation via TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Peili Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
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14
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Zhou X, Li J, Guo J, Geng B, Ji W, Zhao Q, Li J, Liu X, Liu J, Guo Z, Cai W, Ma Y, Ren D, Miao J, Chen S, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhong J, Liu W, Zou M, Li Y, Cai J. Gut-dependent microbial translocation induces inflammation and cardiovascular events after ST-elevation myocardial infarction. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:66. [PMID: 29615110 PMCID: PMC5883284 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-infarction cardiovascular remodeling and heart failure are the leading cause of myocardial infarction (MI)-driven death during the past decades. Experimental observations have involved intestinal microbiota in the susceptibility to MI in mice; however, in humans, identifying whether translocation of gut bacteria to systemic circulation contributes to cardiovascular events post-MI remains a major challenge. RESULTS Here, we carried out a metagenomic analysis to characterize the systemic bacteria in a cohort of 49 healthy control individuals, 50 stable coronary heart disease (CHD) subjects, and 100 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. We report for the first time higher microbial richness and diversity in the systemic microbiome of STEMI patients. More than 12% of post-STEMI blood bacteria were dominated by intestinal microbiota (Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Streptococcus). The significantly increased product of gut bacterial translocation (LPS and D-lactate) was correlated with systemic inflammation and predicted adverse cardiovascular events. Following experimental MI, compromised left ventricle (LV) function and intestinal hypoperfusion drove gut permeability elevation through tight junction protein suppression and intestinal mucosal injury. Upon abrogation of gut bacterial translocation by antibiotic treatment, both systemic inflammation and cardiomyocyte injury in MI mice were alleviated. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide the first evidence that cardiovascular outcomes post-MI are driven by intestinal microbiota translocation into systemic circulation. New therapeutic strategies targeting to protect the gut barrier and eliminate gut bacteria translocation may reduce or even prevent cardiovascular events post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Jing Li
- Heart Center, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Junli Guo
- Cardiovascular Institute of Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Bin Geng
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xicheng District, North Lishi Road No. 167, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Wenjie Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Xinlin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Zhaozeng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Wei Cai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Yongqiang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Dong Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Jun Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Shaobo Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Junru Chen
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing, 100020 China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000 China
| | - Minghui Zou
- Eminent Scholar in Molecular Medicine, Georgia Research Alliance, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Pingjin Hospital Heart Center, 220, Cheng-Lin Street, Tianjin, 300162 China
| | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xicheng District, North Lishi Road No. 167, Beijing, 100037 China
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15
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Sonowal H, Pal P, Shukla K, Saxena A, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat prevents doxorubicin-induced endothelial cell death and dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:181-190. [PMID: 29458045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite doxorubicin (Dox) being one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents for breast, blood and lung cancers, its use in colon cancer is limited due to increased drug resistance and severe cardiotoxic side effects that increase mortality associated with its use at high doses. Therefore, better adjuvant therapies are warranted to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy and to decrease cardiotoxicity. We have recently shown that aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat, increases the Dox-induced colon cancer cell death and reduces cardiomyopathy. However, the efficacy of fidarestat in the prevention of Dox-induced endothelial dysfunction, a pathological event critical to cardiovascular complications, is not known. Here, we have examined the effect of fidarestat on Dox-induced endothelial cell toxicity and dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with Dox significantly increased the endothelial cell death, and pre-treatment of fidarestat prevented it. Further, fidarestat prevented the Dox-induced oxidative stress, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of Caspase-3 in HUVECs. Fidarestat also prevented Dox-induced monocyte adhesion to HUVECs and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Fidarestat pre-treatment to HUVECs restored the Dox-induced decrease in the Nitric Oxide (NO)-levels and eNOS expression. Treatment of HUVECs with Dox caused a significant increase in the activation of NF-κB and expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines which were prevented by fidarestat pre-treatment. Most importantly, fidarestat prevented the Dox-induced mouse cardiac cell hypertrophy and expression of eNOS, iNOS, and 3-Nitrotyrosine in the aorta tissues. Further, fidarestat blunted the Dox-induced expression of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in vivo. Thus, our results suggest that by preventing Dox-induced endothelial cytotoxicity and dysfunction, AR inhibitors could avert cardiotoxicity associated with anthracycline chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pabitra Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ashish Saxena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Satish K Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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16
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Chang KC, Petrash JM. Aldo-Keto Reductases: Multifunctional Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes and Inflammatory Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:173-202. [PMID: 30362099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase that has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several blinding diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract. However, possible mechanisms linking the action of AR to these diseases are not well understood. As DR and cataract are among the leading causes of blindness in the world, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay their onset. Studies with AR inhibitors and gene-targeted mice have demonstrated that the action of AR is also linked to cancer onset and progression. In this review we examine possible mechanisms that relate AR to molecular signaling cascades and thus explain why AR inhibition is an effective strategy against colon cancer as well as diseases of the eye such as uveitis, cataract, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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17
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Pal PB, Sonowal H, Shukla K, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Aldose Reductase Mediates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Initiated Innate Immune Response in Hyperglycemia-Induced Thp1 Monocytes and Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3661-3675. [PMID: 28938395 PMCID: PMC5659696 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent studies that show oxidative stress-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in various diabetic complications, the mechanism by which ROS activate innate immune response is not well understood. We have shown previously that aldose reductase (AR), besides reducing glucose, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates and participates in various oxidative stress-induced inflammatory pathways. To understand the role of AR in ROS-induced innate immune response, we have investigated the mechanism(s) by which AR activates hyperglycemia-induced NLRP3 inflammsome-initiated innate immune response in Thp1 monocytes and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In Thp1 monocytes, inhibition or ablation of AR prevented high-glucose-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 and release of the innate immune cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. AR inhibition in Thp1 cells also prevented the high-glucose-induced generation of ROS, influx of Ca2+, efflux of K+, and activation of Lyn, Syk, and PI3K. Furthermore, the AR inhibitor fidarestat prevented the expression of NLRP inflammasome components in STZ-induced diabetic mouse heart and aorta, and also prevented the release of various cytokines in the serum. Collectively, our data suggest that AR regulates hyperglycemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune response by altering the ROS/Lyn/Syk/PI3K/Ca2+/K+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra B. Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Himangshu Sonowal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Satish K. Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Kota V. Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
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18
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Awasthi YC, Ramana KV, Chaudhary P, Srivastava SK, Awasthi S. Regulatory roles of glutathione-S-transferases and 4-hydroxynonenal in stress-mediated signaling and toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:235-243. [PMID: 27794453 PMCID: PMC5643026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs) have primarily been thought to be xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that protect cells from toxic drugs and environmental electrophiles. However, in last three decades, these enzymes have emerged as the regulators of oxidative stress-induced signaling and toxicity. 4-Hydroxy-trans 2-nonenal (HNE) an end-product of lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be a major determinant of oxidative stress-induced signaling and toxicity. HNE is involved in signaling pathways, including apoptosis, proliferation, modulation of gene expression, activation of transcription factors/repressors, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. In this article, available evidence for a major role of GSTs in the regulation of HNE-mediated cell signaling processes through modulation of the intracellular levels of HNE is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh C Awasthi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Satish K Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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19
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Sonowal H, Pal PB, Wen JJ, Awasthi S, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase inhibitor increases doxorubicin-sensitivity of colon cancer cells and decreases cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3182. [PMID: 28600556 PMCID: PMC5466629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin remain some of the most active wide-spectrum and cost-effective drugs in cancer therapy. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) cells are inherently resistant to anthracyclines which at higher doses cause cardiotoxicity. Our recent studies indicate that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitors such as fidarestat inhibit CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that treatment of CRC cells with fidarestat increases the efficacy of DOX-induced death in HT-29 and SW480 cells and in nude mice xenografts. AR inhibition also results in higher intracellular accumulation of DOX and decreases the expression of drug transporter proteins MDR1, MRP1, and ABCG2. Further, fidarestat also inhibits DOX-induced increase in troponin-I and various inflammatory markers in the serum and heart and restores cardiac function in mice. These results suggest that fidarestat could be used as adjuvant therapy to enhance DOX sensitivity of CRC cells and to reduce DOX-associated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA
| | - Pabitra B Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX-79430, USA
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA
| | - Satish K Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA.
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20
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Yan HF, Sun HW, Wang P, Zhang SL, Yang JW, Xu BX, Zhou JL, Li CL, Cui Y. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on proliferation, secretion and ultrastructure of murine liver Kupffer cells under high glucose conditions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:412-419. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i5.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation, secretion and ultrastructure of liver Kupffer cells (KCs) under high glucose conditions.
METHODS Murine liver KCs were cultured, amplified, and then randomly divided into a high glucose group [(HG), 25.0 mmol/L D-glucose], a normal glucose group [(CON), 11.1 mmol/L D-glucose], a LPS + high glucose group [(LPS-HG), 25.0 mmol/L D-glucose], and a LPS + normal glucose group [(LPS-CON), 11.1 mmol/L D-glucose)]. The KCs in each group were cultured for 24 h, and then LPS was added for the LPS-HG and LPS-CON groups. After 6 h of continuous cultivation, cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by MTT colorimetric assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell supernatants were collected to determine the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 by Luminex xMAP technique. The ultrastructure of KCs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
RESULTS MTT colorimetric assay showed that the optical density (OD) of murine liver KCs treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions increased significantly, but the OD values decreased significantly in the HG and LPS-HG groups compared with those of the CON and LPS-CON groups (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that high glucose arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase; the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells decreased and that of S + G2/M phase cells increased significantly (P < 0.01) after KCs were treated with LPS for 6. The Luminex xMAP assay showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 increased significantly after murine liver KCs were treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions, and the changes in TNF-α and IL-1β were more obvious. TEM revealed obvious ultrastructural alterations of KCs treated with LPS for 6 h under high glucose conditions. A large number of autophagosomes were observed in the LPS-HG group, and only few were noted in the HG group. Only vacuolar degenerations were visible in the CON and LPS-CON groups.
CONCLUSION LPS can activate and enhance the proliferation and secretion of murine liver Kupffer cells under high glucose conditions. Both LPS and hyperglycemia can induce ultrastructural alterations of KCs including autophagy.
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Singh M, Kapoor A, McCracken J, Hill B, Bhatnagar A. Aldose reductase (AKR1B) deficiency promotes phagocytosis in bone marrow derived mouse macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 265:16-23. [PMID: 28111134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical drivers of the immune response during infection and inflammation. The pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, cancer and sepsis has been linked with aldose reductase (AR), a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. However, the role of AR in the early stages of innate immunity such as phagocytosis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of AR in regulating the growth and the phagocytic activity of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages (BMMs) from AR-null and wild-type (WT) mice. We found that macrophages derived from AR-null mice were larger in size and had a slower growth rate than those derived from WT mice. The AR-null macrophages also displayed higher basal, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated phagocytic activity than WT macrophages. Moreover, absence of AR led to a marked increase in cellular levels of both ATP and NADPH. These data suggest that metabolic pathways involving AR suppress macrophage energy production, and that inhibition of AR could induce a favorable metabolic state that promotes macrophage phagocytosis. Hence, modulation of macrophage metabolism by inhibition of AR might represent a novel strategy to modulate host defense responses and to modify metabolism to promote macrophage hypertrophy and phagocytosis under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahavir Singh
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aniruddh Kapoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital, Clayton Rd., Richmond Heights, MO, USA
| | | | - Bradford Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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22
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract in THP-1 Cells Exposed to Particulate Matter PM10. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6836080. [PMID: 27247608 PMCID: PMC4877489 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6836080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence support health risks associated with the exposure to airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μM (PM10). PM10 stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory mediators. Thus, we assumed that natural antioxidants might provide health benefits attenuating hazardous effects of PM10. In the present study, we examined the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on THP-1 monocytic cells exposed to PM10. PM10 induced cytotoxicity and the production of ROS. It also increased the expression and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and cell adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). PPE at 10–100 μg mL−1 attenuated the production of ROS and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, but not VCAM-1, in THP-1 cells stimulated by PM10 (100 μg mL−1). PPE also attenuated the adhesion of PM10-stimulated THP-1 cells to EA.hy926 endothelial cells. PPE constituents, punicalagin and ellagic acid, attenuated PM10-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and punicalagin was less cytotoxic compared to ellagic acid. The present study suggests that PPE and punicalagin may be useful in alleviating inflammatory reactions due to particulate matter.
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23
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Cardenas H, Arango D, Nicholas C, Duarte S, Nuovo GJ, He W, Voss OH, Gonzalez-Mejia ME, Guttridge DC, Grotewold E, Doseff AI. Dietary Apigenin Exerts Immune-Regulatory Activity in Vivo by Reducing NF-κB Activity, Halting Leukocyte Infiltration and Restoring Normal Metabolic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:323. [PMID: 26938530 PMCID: PMC4813185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases and the adverse effects associated with the long-term use of current anti-inflammatory therapies prompt the identification of alternative approaches to reestablish immune balance. Apigenin, an abundant dietary flavonoid, is emerging as a potential regulator of inflammation. Here, we show that apigenin has immune-regulatory activity in vivo. Apigenin conferred survival to mice treated with a lethal dose of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) restoring normal cardiac function and heart mitochondrial Complex I activity. Despite the adverse effects associated with high levels of splenocyte apoptosis in septic models, apigenin had no effect on reducing cell death. However, we found that apigenin decreased LPS-induced apoptosis in lungs, infiltration of inflammatory cells and chemotactic factors’ accumulation, re-establishing normal lung architecture. Using NF-κB luciferase transgenic mice, we found that apigenin effectively modulated NF-κB activity in the lungs, suggesting the ability of dietary compounds to exert immune-regulatory activity in an organ-specific manner. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the underlying immune-regulatory mechanisms of dietary nutraceuticals in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Cardenas
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Silvia Duarte
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Nutrition Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Gerard J Nuovo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Wei He
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Oliver H Voss
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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RAMESHRAD MARYAM, SORAYA HAMID, MALEKI-DIZAJI NASRIN, VAEZ HALEH, GARJANI ALIREZA. A-769662, a direct AMPK activator, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute heart and lung inflammation in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2843-9. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wang SG, Xu Y, Xie H, Wang W, Chen XH. Astragaloside IV prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:127-32. [PMID: 25769895 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of astragaloside IV (AS IV) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in H9C2 cardiomyocytes. H9C2 Cardiomyocytes were cultured with LPS (10 μg·mL(-1)) for 4 h and treated with AS IV at 50, 100, and 150 μmol·L(-1) for various durations. Cell viability was determined by MTT. The content of released TNF-α and IL-6 from cardiomyocytes were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of superoxidase dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphate kinase (CK) were measured by using commercial available kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. And the NF-κB p65 activity was measured by ELISA. Our results demonstrated that AS IV at 50, 100, and 150 μmol·L(-1) markedly inhibited the release of TNF-α and IL-6 and decreased NF-κB expression, compared with the model group. Moreover, the improved SOD activity and decreased MDA, LDH and CK levels were detected after AS IV treatment. In summary, AS IV could increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes, inhibite lipid peroxidation, and down-regulate the inflammatory mediators involved in the inflammatory responses. These results demonstrated that AS IV could prevent LPS-induced injury in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Guang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China; First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Life Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Chen KH, Lundy DJ, Toh EKW, Chen CH, Shih C, Chen P, Chang HC, Lai JJ, Stayton PS, Hoffman AS, Hsieh PCH. Nanoparticle distribution during systemic inflammation is size-dependent and organ-specific. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15863-72. [PMID: 26359216 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03626g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study comprehensively investigates the changing biodistribution of fluorescent-labelled polystyrene latex bead nanoparticles in a mouse model of inflammation. Since inflammation alters systemic circulatory properties, increases vessel permeability and modulates the immune system, we theorised that systemic inflammation would alter nanoparticle distribution within the body. This has implications for prospective nanocarrier-based therapies targeting inflammatory diseases. Low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, was used to induce an inflammatory response, and 20 nm, 100 nm or 500 nm polystyrene nanoparticles were administered after 16 hours. HPLC analysis was used to accurately quantify nanoparticle retention by each vital organ, and tissue sections revealed the precise locations of nanoparticle deposition within key tissues. During inflammation, nanoparticles of all sizes redistributed, particularly to the marginal zones of the spleen. We found that LPS-induced inflammation induces splenic macrophage polarisation and alters leukocyte uptake of nanoparticles, with size-dependent effects. In addition, spleen vasculature becomes significantly more permeable following LPS treatment. We conclude that systemic inflammation affects nanoparticle distribution by multiple mechanisms, in a size dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Schaur RJ, Siems W, Bresgen N, Eckl PM. 4-Hydroxy-nonenal-A Bioactive Lipid Peroxidation Product. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2247-337. [PMID: 26437435 PMCID: PMC4693237 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review on recent research advances of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-nonenal (HNE) has four major topics: I. the formation of HNE in various organs and tissues, II. the diverse biochemical reactions with Michael adduct formation as the most prominent one, III. the endogenous targets of HNE, primarily peptides and proteins (here the mechanisms of covalent adduct formation are described and the (patho-) physiological consequences discussed), and IV. the metabolism of HNE leading to a great number of degradation products, some of which are excreted in urine and may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J Schaur
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 33a, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Werner Siems
- Institute for Medical Education, KortexMed GmbH, Hindenburgring 12a, 38667 Bad Harzburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter M Eckl
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Dominguez JM, Yorek MA, Grant MB. Combination therapies prevent the neuropathic, proinflammatory characteristics of bone marrow in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 2015; 64:643-53. [PMID: 25204979 PMCID: PMC4876792 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that peripheral neuropathy of the bone marrow was associated with loss of circadian rhythmicity of stem/progenitor cell release into the circulation. Bone marrow neuropathy results in dramatic changes in hematopoiesis that lead to microvascular complications, inflammation, and reduced endothelial repair. This series of events represents early pathogenesis before development of diabetic retinopathy. In this study we characterized early alterations within the bone marrow of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats following treatments that prevent experimental peripheral neuropathy. We asked whether bone marrow neuropathy and the associated bone marrow pathology were reversed with treatments that prevent peripheral neuropathy. Three strategies were tested: inhibition of neutral endopeptidase, inhibition of aldose reductase plus lipoic acid supplementation, and insulin therapy with antioxidants. All strategies prevented loss of nerve conduction velocity resulting from STZ-induced diabetes and corrected the STZ-induced diabetes-associated increase of immunoreactivity of neuropeptide Y, tyrosine hydroxylase, and somatostatin. The treatments also reduced concentrations of interleukin-1β, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in STZ-induced diabetic bone marrow supernatant and decreased the expression of NADPH oxidase 2, nitric oxide synthase 2, and nuclear factor-κB1 mRNA in bone marrow progenitor cells. These therapies represent novel approaches to attenuate the diabetic phenotype within the bone marrow and may constitute an important therapeutic strategy for diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Dominguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark A Yorek
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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29
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Csala M, Kardon T, Legeza B, Lizák B, Mandl J, Margittai É, Puskás F, Száraz P, Szelényi P, Bánhegyi G. On the role of 4-hydroxynonenal in health and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:826-38. [PMID: 25643868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to peroxidation and they yield various degradation products, including the main α,β-unsaturated hydroxyalkenal, 4-hydroxy-2,3-trans-nonenal (HNE) in oxidative stress. Due to its high reactivity, HNE interacts with various macromolecules of the cell, and this general toxicity clearly contributes to a wide variety of pathological conditions. In addition, growing evidence suggests a more specific function of HNE in electrophilic signaling as a second messenger of oxidative/electrophilic stress. It can induce antioxidant defense mechanisms to restrain its own production and to enhance the cellular protection against oxidative stress. Moreover, HNE-mediated signaling can largely influence the fate of the cell through modulating major cellular processes, such as autophagy, proliferation and apoptosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the signaling and regulatory functions of HNE. The role of HNE in the pathophysiology of cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Csala
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kardon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Legeza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Mandl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Margittai
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Puskás
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Péter Száraz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Péter Szelényi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hu Y, Yan JB, Zheng MZ, Song XH, Wang LL, Shen YL, Chen YY. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity protects against lipopolysaccharide‑induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1509-15. [PMID: 25351957 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial dysfunction in sepsis is associated with an increased risk of mortality. The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) enzyme is crucial for protecting the heart from ischemic injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of ALDH2 in cardiac dysfunction induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male rats were treated intraperitoneally with LPS, and their stroke volume and cardiac output were evaluated using an M‑mode echocardiograph. The expression levels and activity of ALDH2, nitric oxide content and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) were also evaluated. Treatment with LPS (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) resulted in a steady decrease in cardiac output and stroke volume. The ALDH2 activity was decreased in a dose‑dependent manner; however, the ALDH2 protein expression levels remained unchanged. Alda‑1, a specific activator of ALDH2, increased the activity of ALDH2 and lessened LPS‑induced cardiac dysfunction. A marked opening of the MPTP was observed 12 h following treatment with LPS, which was prevented by Alda‑1. The improvement in cardiac function in response to treatment with Alda‑1, was partially prevented by treatment with the MPTP inhibitor atractyloside. LPS treatment induced an increase in iNOS activation and inhibition of ALDH2 activity. The iNOS selective inhibitor, aminoguanidine, partially reversed the LPS‑induced ALDH2 activity decrease and MPTP opening. These results indicate that ALDH2 activity may have a role in protecting against LPS‑induced cardiac dysfunction. The potential mechanism may involve inhibition of MPTP opening and iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bin Yan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hui Song
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Liang Shen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Chatzopoulou M, Pegklidou K, Papastavrou N, Demopoulos VJ. Development of aldose reductase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1365-80. [PMID: 24090200 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.843524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence attributes a significant role to aldose reductase (ALR2) in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory pathologies. Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) were found to attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, they disrupt signaling cascades that lead to the production of cytokines/chemokines, which induce and exacerbate inflammation. As a result, ARIs might hold a significant therapeutic potential as alternate anti-inflammatory drugs. AREAS COVERED The authors present a comprehensive review of the current data that support the central role of ALR2 in several inflammatory pathologies (i.e., diabetes, cancer, sepsis, asthma and ocular inflammation). Further, the authors describe the potential underlying molecular mechanisms and provide a commentary on the status of ARIs in this field. EXPERT OPINION It is important that future efforts focus on delineating all the steps of the molecular mechanism that implicates ALR2 in inflammatory pathologies. At the same time, utilizing the previous efforts in the field of ARIs, several candidates that have been proven safe in the clinic may be evaluated for their clinical significance as anti-inflammatory medication. Finally, structurally novel ARIs, designed to target specifically the proinflammatory subpocket of ALR2, should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chatzopoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , 54124 Thessaloniki , Greece ;
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Regulation of NF-κB-induced inflammatory signaling by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:690545. [PMID: 23710287 PMCID: PMC3654319 DOI: 10.1155/2013/690545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases including cancer. This view has broadened significantly with the recent discoveries that reactive oxygen species initiated lipid peroxidation leads to the formation of potentially toxic lipid aldehyde species such as 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE), acrolein, and malondialdehyde which activate various signaling intermediates that regulate cellular activity and dysfunction via a process called redox signaling. The lipid aldehyde species formed during synchronized enzymatic pathways result in the posttranslational modification of proteins and DNA leading to cytotoxicity and genotoxicty. Among the lipid aldehyde species, HNE has been widely accepted as a most toxic and abundant lipid aldehyde generated during lipid peroxidation. HNE and its glutathione conjugates have been shown to regulate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 via signaling through various protein kinase cascades. Activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors and their nuclear localization leads to transcriptional induction of several genes responsible for cell survival, differentiation, and death. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which the lipid aldehydes transduce activation of NF-κB signaling pathways that may help to develop therapeutic strategies for the prevention of a number of inflammatory diseases.
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Tang J, Du Y, Petrash JM, Sheibani N, Kern TS. Deletion of aldose reductase from mice inhibits diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration and superoxide generation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62081. [PMID: 23614016 PMCID: PMC3628579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pharmacologic inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) previously has been studied with respect to diabetic retinopathy with mixed results. Since drugs can have off-target effects, we studied the effects of AR deletion on the development and molecular abnormalities that contribute to diabetic retinopathy. Since recent data suggests an important role for leukocytes in the development of the retinopathy, we determined also if AR in leukocytes contributes to leukocyte-mediated death of retinal endothelial cells in diabetes. Methods Wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) and AR deficient (AR−/−) mice were made diabetic with streptozotocin. Mice were sacrificed at 2 and 10 months of diabetes to evaluate retinal vascular histopathology, to quantify retinal superoxide production and biochemical and physiological abnormalities in the retina, and to assess the number of retinal endothelial cells killed by blood leukocytes in a co-culture system. Results Diabetes in WT mice developed the expected degeneration of retinal capillaries, and increased generation of superoxide by the retina. Leukocytes from diabetic WT mice also killed more retinal endothelial cells than did leukocytes from nondiabetic animals (p<0.0001). Deletion of AR largely (P<0.05) inhibited the diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries, as well as the increase in superoxide production by retina. AR-deficiency significantly inhibited the diabetes-induced increase in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in retina, but had no significant effect on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), phosphorylated p38 MAPK, or killing of retinal endothelial cells by leukocytes. Conclusions AR contributes to the degeneration of retinal capillaries in diabetic mice. Deletion of the enzyme inhibits the diabetes-induced increase in expression of iNOS and of superoxide production, but does not correct a variety of other pro-inflammatory abnormalities associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - J. Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Kern
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland VAMC Research Service 151, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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LPS induces cardiomyocyte injury through calcium-sensing receptor. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 379:153-9. [PMID: 23564188 PMCID: PMC3666124 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) belongs to the family C of G-protein coupled receptors. We have previously demonstrated that CaSR could induce apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in simulated ischemia/reperfusion. It remains unknown whether the CaSR has function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocardial injure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CaSR plays a role in LPS-induced myocardial injury. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with LPS, with or without pretreatment with the CaSR-specific agonist gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) or the CaSR-specific antagonist NPS2390. Release of TNF-α and IL-6 from cardiomyocytes was observed. Levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. In addition, apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes, [Ca(2+)]i and level of CaSR expression were determined. The results showed that LPS increased cardiomyocytes apoptosis, [Ca(2+)]i, MDA, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6 release, and CaSR protein expression. Compared with LPS treatment alone, pretreatment with GdCl3 further increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, MDA, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6 release, [Ca(2+)]i, and the expression of the CaSR protein. Conversely, pretreatment with NPS2390 decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, MDA, LDH, TNF-α, IL-6 release, [Ca(2+)]i and the expression of the CaSR protein. These results demonstrate that LPS could induce cardiomyocyte injury. Moreover, LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury was related to CaSR-mediated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, TNF-α, IL-6 release, and increase of intracellular calcium.
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Novel aminobenzyl-acetamidine derivative modulate the differential regulation of NOSs in LPS induced inflammatory response: Role of PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:2095-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang ZL, Deng CY, Zheng H, Xie CF, Wang XH, Luo YF, Chen ZZ, Cheng P, Chen LJ. (Z)2-(5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid protects rats from CCl(4) -induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:966-73. [PMID: 21913985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2011.06913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM (Z)2-(5-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2, 4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl) acetic acid (MDA) is an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. Recent studies suggest that AR contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammation by affecting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent expression of cytokines and chemokines and therefore could be a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory pathology. The current study evaluated the in vivo role of MDA in protecting the liver against injury and fibrogenesis caused by CCl(4) in rats, and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS A single injection of CCl(4) induced acute hepatitis, and repeated injections were used to induce hepatic fibrosis in rats. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by comparison of the severity of hepatic injury and fibrosis in MDA-treated rats versus untreated controls. RESULTS MDA significantly protected the liver from injury by reducing the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, and improving the histological architecture of the liver. MDA modulated NF-κB-dependent activation of inflammatory cytokines by reducing hepatic mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and transforming growth factor-β. In addition, MDA attenuated oxidative stress by increasing the content of hepatic glutathione. These favorable changes were associated with suppressed hepatic NF-κB activation by MDA. MDA treatment improved liver fibrosis in rats that received repeated CCl(4) injections. In vitro, MDA attenuated phosphorylation of IκB and activation of NF-κB, and thus prevented biosynthesis of NO in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that AR is a novel therapeutic anti-inflammatory target for the treatment of hepatitis and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Pandey S, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. A potential therapeutic role for aldose reductase inhibitors in the treatment of endotoxin-related inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:329-39. [PMID: 22283786 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.656198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aldose reductase (AR) was initially thought to be involved in the secondary diabetic complications because of its glucose-reducing potential. However, evidence from recent studies indicates that AR is an excellent reducer of a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes as well as their glutathione conjugates, which regulate inflammatory signals initiated by oxidants such as cytokines, growth factors and bacterial endotoxins, and revealed the potential use of AR inhibition as an approach to prevent inflammatory complications. AREAS COVERED An extensive Internet and Medline search was performed to retrieve information on understanding the role of AR inhibition in the pathophysiology of endotoxin-mediated inflammatory disorders. Overall, inhibition of AR appears to be a promising strategy for the treatment of endotoxemia, sepsis and other related inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION Current knowledge provides enough evidence to indicate that AR inhibition is a logical therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endotoxin-related inflammatory diseases. Since AR inhibitors have already gone to Phase III clinical studies for diabetic complications and found to be safe for human use, their use in endotoxin-related inflammatory diseases could be expedited. However, one of the major challenges will be the discovery of AR-regulated clinically relevant biomarkers to identify susceptible individuals at risk of developing inflammatory diseases, thereby warranting future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Pandey
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Galveston, TX 77555 , USA
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Takahashi K, Mizukami H, Kamata K, Inaba W, Kato N, Hibi C, Yagihashi S. Amelioration of acute kidney injury in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome by an aldose reductase inhibitor, fidarestat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30134. [PMID: 22253906 PMCID: PMC3257265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a fatal disease because of multiple organ failure. Acute kidney injury is a serious complication of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and its genesis is still unclear posing a difficulty for an effective treatment. Aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor is recently found to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac failure and its lethality. We studied the effects of AR inhibitor on LPS-induced acute kidney injury and its mechanism. Methods Mice were injected with LPS and the effects of AR inhibitor (Fidarestat 32 mg/kg) before or after LPS injection were examined for the mortality, severity of renal failure and kidney pathology. Serum concentrations of cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α) and their mRNA expressions in the lung, liver, spleen and kidney were measured. We also evaluated polyol metabolites in the kidney. Results Mortality rate within 72 hours was significantly less in LPS-injected mice treated with AR inhibitor both before (29%) and after LPS injection (40%) than untreated mice (90%). LPS-injected mice showed marked increases in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and cytokines, and AR inhibitor treatment suppressed the changes. LPS-induced acute kidney injury was associated with vacuolar degeneration and apoptosis of renal tubular cells as well as infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. With improvement of such pathological findings, AR inhibitor treatment suppressed the elevation of cytokine mRNA levels in multiple organs and renal sorbitol accumulation. Conclusion AR inhibitor treatment ameliorated LPS-induced acute kidney injury, resulting in the lowered mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamata
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Wataru Inaba
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | | | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Das T, Yoo YS, Rhim H, Song EJ. Potential role of Hsp25 in calcium-modulated cardiomyocytes. Proteomics 2012; 12:411-20. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Shoeb M, Ramana KV. Anti-inflammatory effects of benfotiamine are mediated through the regulation of the arachidonic acid pathway in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:182-90. [PMID: 22067901 PMCID: PMC3249497 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble analogue of vitamin B1, is a potent antioxidant that is used as a food supplement for the treatment of diabetic complications. Our recent study (U.C. Yadav et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med. 48:1423-1434, 2010) indicates a novel role for benfotiamine in the prevention of bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in murine macrophages. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how benfotiamine mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory role of benfotiamine in regulating arachidonic acid (AA) pathway-generated inflammatory lipid mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages. Benfotiamine prevented the LPS-induced activation of cPLA2 and release of AA metabolites such as leukotrienes, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane 2 (TXB2), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in macrophages. Further, LPS-induced expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes such as COX-2, LOX-5, TXB synthase, and PGI2 synthase was significantly blocked by benfotiamine. Furthermore, benfotiamine prevented the LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of transcription factors NF-κB and Egr-1. Benfotiamine also prevented the LPS-induced oxidative stress and protein-HNE adduct formation. Most importantly, compared to specific COX-2 and LOX-5 inhibitors, benfotiamine significantly prevented LPS-induced macrophage death and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Thus, our studies indicate that the dual regulation of the COX and LOX pathways in AA metabolism could be a novel mechanism by which benfotiamine exhibits its potential anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Correspondence: Kota V Ramana, PhD, , Telephone (409)-772-2202, Fax: 409-772-9679 and mailing address: #6.614D BSB, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas -77555, USA
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Shoeb M, Yadav UCS, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Inhibition of aldose reductase prevents endotoxin-induced inflammation by regulating the arachidonic acid pathway in murine macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1686-96. [PMID: 21856412 PMCID: PMC3188329 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce release of arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolic products, which play important roles in the inflammatory process. We have shown earlier that LPS-induced signals in macrophages are mediated by aldose reductase (AR). Here we have investigated the role of AR in LPS-induced release of AA metabolites and their modulation using a potent pharmacological inhibitor, fidarestat, and AR siRNA ablation in RAW264.7 macrophages and AR-knockout mouse peritoneal macrophages and heart tissue. Inhibition or genetic ablation of AR prevented the LPS-induced synthesis and release of AA metabolites such as PGE2, TXB, PGI2, and LTBs in macrophages. LPS-induced activation of cPLA2 was also prevented by AR inhibition. Similarly, AR inhibition also prevented the calcium ionophore A23187-induced cPLA2 and LTB4 in macrophages. Further, AR inhibition by fidarestat prevented the expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes such as COX-2 and LOX-5 in RAW264.7 cells and AR-knockout mouse-derived peritoneal macrophages. LPS-induced expression of AA-metabolizing enzymes and their catalyzed metabolic products was significantly lower in peritoneal macrophages and heart tissue from AR-knockout mice. LPS-induced activation of redox-sensitive signaling intermediates such as MAPKs, transcription factor NF-κB, and EGR-1, a transcriptional regulator of mPGES-1, which in collaboration with COX-2 leads to the production of PGE2, was also significantly prevented by AR inhibition. Taken together, our results indicate that AR mediates LPS-induced inflammation by regulating the AA-metabolic pathway and thus provide a novel role for AR inhibition in preventing inflammatory complications such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kota V Ramana
- Correspondence: Kota V Ramana, PhD , Telephone (409)-772-2202, Fax: 409-772-9679 and mailing address: #6.614D BSB, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas -77555, USA
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Vladykovskaya E, Ozhegov E, Hoetker JD, Xie Z, Ahmed Y, Suttles J, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A, Barski OA. Reductive metabolism increases the proinflammatory activity of aldehyde phospholipids. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2209-2225. [PMID: 21957201 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of oxidized phospholipids in lipoproteins has been linked to vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. Products of phospholipid oxidation increase endothelial activation; however, their effects on macrophages are poorly understood, and it is unclear whether these effects are regulated by the biochemical pathways that metabolize oxidized phospholipids. We found that incubation of 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) with THP-1-derived macrophages upregulated the expression of cytokine genes, including granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. In these cells, reagent POVPC was either hydrolyzed to lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC) or reduced to 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-hydroxy-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PHVPC). Treatment with the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) inhibitor, pefabloc, decreased POVPC hydrolysis and increased PHVPC accumulation. Pefabloc also increased the induction of cytokine genes in POVPC-treated cells. In contrast, PHVPC accumulation and cytokine production were decreased upon treatment with the aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor, tolrestat. In comparison with POVPC, lyso-PC led to 2- to 3-fold greater and PHVPC 10- to 100-fold greater induction of cytokine genes. POVPC-induced cytokine gene induction was prevented in bone-marrow derived macrophages from AR-null mice. These results indicate that although hydrolysis is the major pathway of metabolism, reduction further increases the proinflammatory responses to POVPC. Thus, vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions is likely to be regulated by metabolism of phospholipid aldehydes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vladykovskaya
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Evgeny Ozhegov
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - J David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Zhengzhi Xie
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Yonis Ahmed
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Jill Suttles
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Oleg A Barski
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.
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Drosatos K, Drosatos-Tampakaki Z, Khan R, Homma S, Schulze PC, Zannis VI, Goldberg IJ. Inhibition of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase increases cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha expression and fatty acid oxidation and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced heart dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36331-9. [PMID: 21873422 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.272146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock results from bacterial infection and is associated with multi-organ failure, high mortality, and cardiac dysfunction. Sepsis causes both myocardial inflammation and energy depletion. We hypothesized that reduced cardiac energy production is a primary cause of ventricular dysfunction in sepsis. The JNK pathway is activated in sepsis and has also been implicated in impaired fatty acid oxidation in several tissues. Therefore, we tested whether JNK activation inhibits cardiac fatty acid oxidation and whether blocking JNK would restore fatty acid oxidation during LPS treatment. LPS treatment of C57BL/6 mice and adenovirus-mediated activation of the JNK pathway in cardiomyocytes inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression and fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, none of the adaptive responses that have been described in other types of heart failure, such as increased glucose utilization, reduced αMHC:βMHC ratio or induction of certain microRNAs, occurred in LPS-treated mice. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with a general JNK inhibitor (SP600125) increased fatty acid oxidation in mice and a cardiomyocyte-derived cell line. JNK inhibition also prevented LPS-mediated reduction in fatty acid oxidation and cardiac dysfunction. Inflammation was not alleviated in LPS-treated mice that received the JNK inhibitor. We conclude that activation of JNK signaling reduces fatty acid oxidation and prevents the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α down-regulation that occurs with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Drosatos
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Kumar H, Shah A, Sobhia ME. Novel insights into the structural requirements for the design of selective and specific aldose reductase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1791-9. [PMID: 21833829 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2) plays a vital role in the etiology of long-term diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. It initializes the polyol pathway and under hyperglycemic conditions, catalyzes the conversion of glucose into sorbitol in the presence of NADPH. Many ALR2 inhibitors have been withdrawn from clinical trial studies due to their cross reactivity with other analogues enzymes or due to impairment with detoxification role of ALR2. To address these issues we characterized the possible rationalities behind the selectivity problem associated with the enzyme-inhibitor interactions. Novel molecules were designed for the induce fit cavity region of ALR2. Docking studies were carried out using Glide to analyze the binding affinity of the designed molecules for ALR2. The analysis showed that the designed ALR2 inhibitors are selective for ALR2 over its close analogs. These inhibitors are also specific for the induced cavity region of ALR2 and do not interfere with the detoxification role of ALR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirdesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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Lin Z, Li H, Luo H, Zhang Y, Luo W. Benzylamine and methylamine, substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, attenuate inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1079-89. [PMID: 21414430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) substrates possess insulin-mimic effect, which was thought to play an anti-inflammatory role. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether SSAO substrates benzylamine (BZA) and methylamine (MA) attenuate inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages (PMs) that express SSAO and RAW264.7 mouse macrophages that do not express SSAO were used in vitro studies. Experimental mice were given BZA or MA through intraperitoneal injection before LPS challenge. The results showed that BZA or MA treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide, TNF-α) production, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and glucose consumption in murine PMs, but not in RAW264.7 cell line. The metabolites of BZA or MA catalyzed by SSAO, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, and benzaldehyde could also significantly decrease LPS-induced nitric oxide and TNF-α production, iNOS and COX-2 expression, and glucose consumption in vitro. In addition, BZA or MA administration could significantly decrease plasma pro-inflammatory mediators and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in liver and lung, and could also attenuate LPS-induced transient hyperglycemia and chronic hypoglycemia. These findings indicated that substrates of SSAO might be involved in the anti-inflammatory effects. The metabolites of BZA and MA catalyzed by SSAO might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, BZA or MA administration could be useful for normalization of glucose disposal during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, PR China
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46
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Zhao J, Jiang T, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Aldose reductase regulates TNF-α-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in human mesangial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1815-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0923-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ananthakrishnan R, Li Q, Gomes T, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase pathway contributes to vulnerability of aging myocardium to ischemic injury. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:762-7. [PMID: 21600277 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging men and women display both increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and complications of myocardial infarction and heart failure. We hypothesized that altered glucose metabolism, in particular, flux of glucose via the polyol pathway (PP) may be responsible, in part, for the enhanced vulnerability of aging myocardium to ischemic injury, even in the absence of superimposed disease processes linked to PP flux, such as diabetes. To test our hypothesis, we determined the expression and products of PP enzymes aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) in hearts from Fischer 344 aged (26 months) and young (4 months) rats subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion in the presence or absence of blockers of PP and the measures of ischemic injury and functional recovery were determined. Expression and activities of AR and SDH were significantly higher in aged vs. young hearts, and induction of ischemia further increased AR and SDH activity in the aged hearts. Myocardial ischemic injury was significantly greater in aged vs. young hearts, and blockade of AR reduced ischemic injury and improved cardiac functional recovery on reperfusion in aged hearts. These data indicate that innate increases in activity of the PP enzymes augment myocardial vulnerability to I/R injury in aging, and that blockers of PP protect the vulnerable aging hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
In the past years aldose reductase (AKR1B1; AR) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and cataractogenesis. Subsequently, a number of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested for diabetic complications. Although, these inhibitors have found to be safe for human use, they have not been successful at the clinical studies because of limited efficacy. Recently, the potential physiological role of AR has been reassessed from a different point of view. Diverse groups suggested that AR besides reducing glucose, also efficiently reduces oxidative stress-generated lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates. Since lipid aldehydes alter cellular signals by regulating the activation of transcription factors such as NF-kB and AP1, inhibition of AR could inhibit such events. Indeed, a wide array of recent experimental evidence indicates that the inhibition of AR prevents oxidative stress-induced activation of NF-kB and AP1 signals that lead to cell death or growth. Further, AR inhibitors have been shown to prevent inflammatory complications such as sepsis, asthma, colon cancer and uveitis in rodent animal models. The new experimental in-vitro and in-vivo data has provided a basis for investigating the clinical efficacy of AR inhibitors in preventing other inflammatory complications than diabetes. This review describes how the recent studies have identified novel plethoric physiological and pathophysiological significance of AR in mediating inflammatory complications, and how the discovery of such new insights for this old enzyme could have considerable importance in envisioning potential new therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
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Tammali R, Reddy ABM, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Inhibition of aldose reductase prevents angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:209-21. [PMID: 21409599 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that aldose reductase (AR, EC 1.1.1.21) a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent aldo-keto reductase, known to be involved in oxidative stress-signaling, prevents human colon cancer cell growth in culture as well as in nude mice xenografts. Inhibition of AR also prevents azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci formation in mice. In order to understand the chemopreventive mechanism(s) of AR inhibition in colon cancer, we have investigated the role of AR in the mediation of angiogenic signals in vitro and in vivo models. Our results show that inhibition of AR significantly prevented the VEGF- and FGF -induced proliferation and expression of proliferative marker Ki67 in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Further, AR inhibition or ablation with siRNA prevented the VEGF- and FGF -induced invasion and migration in HUVEC. AR inhibition also prevented the VEGF- and FGF- induced secretion/expression of IL-6, MMP2, MMP9, ICAM, and VCAM. The anti-angiogenic feature of AR inhibition in HUVEC was associated with inactivation of PI3 K/AKT and NF-κB (p65) and suppression of VEGF receptor 2 protein levels. Most importantly, matrigel plug model of angiogenesis in rats showed that inhibition of AR prevented infiltration of blood cells, invasion, migration and formation of capillary like structures, and expression of blood vessels markers CD31 and vWF. Thus, our results demonstrate that AR inhibitors could be novel agents to prevent angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Tammali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Li DL, Liu JJ, Liu BH, Hu H, Sun L, Miao Y, Xu HF, Yu XJ, Ma X, Ren J, Zang WJ. Acetylcholine inhibits hypoxia-induced tumor necrosis factor-α production via regulation of MAPKs phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:1052-9. [PMID: 20857413 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have reported that up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced by myocardial hypoxia aggravates cardiomyocyte injury. Acetylcholine (ACh), the principle vagal neurotransmitter, protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia by inhibiting apoptosis. However, it is still unclear whether ACh regulates TNF-α production in cardiomyocytes after hypoxia. The concentration of extracellular TNF-α was increased in a time-dependent manner during hypoxia. Furthermore, ACh treatment also inhibited hypoxia-induced TNF-α mRNA and protein expression, caspase-3 activation, cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiomyocytes. ACh treatment prevented the hypoxia-induced increase in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, and increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Co-treatment with atropine, a non-selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, or methoctramine, a selective type-2 muscarinic acetylcholine (M(2) ) receptor antagonist, abrogated the effects of ACh treatment in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Co-treatment with hexamethonium, a non-selective nicotinic receptor antagonist, and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, had no effect on ACh-treated hypoxic cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that ACh activates the M(2) receptor, leading to regulation of MAPKs phosphorylation and, subsequently, down-regulation of TNF-α production. We have identified a novel pathway by which ACh mediates cardioprotection against hypoxic injury in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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