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Yamada S, Takahashi S, Keeser D, Keller-Varady K, Schneider-Axmann T, Raabe FJ, Dechent P, Wobrock T, Hasan A, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Kimoto S, Malchow B. Impact of excessive abdominal obesity on brain microstructural abnormality in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 344:111878. [PMID: 39226869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Significant evidence links obesity and schizophrenia (SZ), but the brain associations are still largely unclear. 48 people with SZ were divided into two subgroups: patients with lower waist circumference (SZ-LWC: n = 24) and patients with higher waist circumference (SZ-HWC: n = 24). Healthy controls (HC) were included for comparison (HC: n = 27). Using tract-based spatial statistics, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) of the whole-brain white matter skeleton between these three groups (SZ-LWC, SZ-HWC, HC). Using Free Surfer, we compared whole-brain cortical thickness and the selected subcortical volumes between the three groups. FA of widespread white matter and the mean cortical thickness in the right temporal lobe and insular cortex were significantly lower in the SZ-HWC group than in the HC group. The FA of regional white matter was significantly lower in the SZ-LWC group than in the HC group. There were no significant differences in mean subcortical volumes between the groups. Additionally, the cognitive performances were worse in the SZ-HWC group, who had more severe triglycerides elevation. This study provides evidence for microstructural abnormalities of white matter, cortical thickness and neurocognitive deficits in SZ patients with excessive abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yamada
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Shun Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan; Clinical Research and Education Center, Asakayama General Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wobrock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, County Hospitals Darmstadt-Dieburg, Gross-Umstadt, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Feng L, Ye Z, Mo C, Wang J, Liu S, Gao S, Ke H, Canida TA, Pan Y, van Greevenbroek MM, Houben AJ, Wang K, Hatch KS, Ma Y, Lei DK, Chen C, Mitchell BD, Hong LE, Kochunov P, Chen S, Ma T. Elevated blood pressure accelerates white matter brain aging among late middle-aged women: a Mendelian Randomization study in the UK Biobank. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1811-1820. [PMID: 37682053 PMCID: PMC11083214 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a modifiable risk factor associated with cognitive impairment and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the causal effect of BP on white matter brain aging remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we focused on N = 228 473 individuals of European ancestry who had genotype data and clinical BP measurements available (103 929 men and 124 544 women, mean age = 56.49, including 16 901 participants with neuroimaging data available) collected from UK Biobank (UKB). We first established a machine learning model to compute the outcome variable brain age gap (BAG) based on white matter microstructure integrity measured by fractional anisotropy derived from diffusion tensor imaging data. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to estimate the causal effect of BP on white matter BAG in the whole population and subgroups stratified by sex and age brackets using two nonoverlapping data sets. RESULTS The hypertension group is on average 0.31 years (95% CI = 0.13-0.49; P < 0.0001) older in white matter brain age than the nonhypertension group. Women are on average 0.81 years (95% CI = 0.68-0.95; P < 0.0001) younger in white matter brain age than men. The Mendelian randomization analyses showed an overall significant positive causal effect of DBP on white matter BAG (0.37 years/10 mmHg, 95% CI 0.034-0.71, P = 0.0311). In stratified analysis, the causal effect was found most prominent among women aged 50-59 and aged 60-69. CONCLUSION High BP can accelerate white matter brain aging among late middle-aged women, providing insights on planning effective control of BP for women in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Zhenyao Ye
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chen Mo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University
| | - Song Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Hongjie Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
| | - Travis A. Canida
- Department of Mathematics, The College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Yezhi Pan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Marleen M.J. van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J.H.M. Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre
- CARIM Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - David K.Y. Lei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park
| | - Chixiang Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health
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3
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Acosta JN, Haider SP, Rivier C, Leasure AC, Sheth KN, Falcone GJ, Payabvash S. Blood pressure-related white matter microstructural disintegrity and associated cognitive function impairment in asymptomatic adults. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:358-367. [PMID: 36878613 PMCID: PMC10647862 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2022-001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the white matter (WM) microstructural/cytostructural disintegrity patterns related to higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), and whether they mediate SBP effects on cognitive performance in middle-aged adults. METHODS Using the UK Biobank study of community-dwelling volunteers aged 40-69 years, we included participants without a history of stroke, dementia, demyelinating disease or traumatic brain injury. We investigated the association of SBP with MRI diffusion metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), intracellular volume fraction (a measure of neurite density), isotropic (free) water volume fraction (ISOVF) and orientation dispersion across WM tracts. Then, we determined whether WM diffusion metrics mediated the effects of SBP on cognitive function. RESULTS We analysed 31 363 participants-mean age of 63.8 years (SD: 7.7), and 16 523 (53%) females. Higher SBP was associated with lower FA and neurite density, but higher MD and ISOVF. Among different WM tracts, diffusion metrics of the internal capsule anterior limb, external capsule, superior and posterior corona radiata were most affected by higher SBP. Among seven cognitive metrics, SBP levels were only associated with 'fluid intelligence' (adjusted p<0.001). In mediation analysis, the averaged FA of external capsule, internal capsule anterior limb and superior cerebellar peduncle mediated 13%, 9% and 13% of SBP effects on fluid intelligence, while the averaged MD of external capsule, internal capsule anterior and posterior limbs, and superior corona radiata mediated 5%, 7%, 7% and 6% of SBP effects on fluid intelligence, respectively. DISCUSSION Among asymptomatic adults, higher SBP is associated with pervasive WM microstructure disintegrity, partially due to reduced neuronal count, which appears to mediate SBP adverse effects on fluid intelligence. Diffusion metrics of select WM tracts, which are most reflective of SBP-related parenchymal damage and cognitive impairment, may serve as imaging biomarkers to assess treatment response in antihypertensive trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián N Acosta
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan P Haider
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Cyprien Rivier
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Audrey C Leasure
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin N Sheth
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Hatch KS, Gao S, Ma Y, Russo A, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Adhikari BM, Bruce H, Van der Vaart A, Sotiras A, Kvarta MD, Nichols TE, Schmaal L, Hong LE, Kochunov P. Brain deficit patterns of metabolic illnesses overlap with those for major depressive disorder: A new metric of brain metabolic disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:2636-2653. [PMID: 36799565 PMCID: PMC10028678 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic illnesses (MET) are detrimental to brain integrity and are common comorbidities in patients with mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). We quantified effects of MET on standard regional brain morphometric measures from 3D brain MRI as well as diffusion MRI in a large sample of UK BioBank participants. The pattern of regional effect sizes of MET in non-psychiatric UKBB subjects was significantly correlated with the spatial profile of regional effects reported by the largest meta-analyses in MDD but not in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease. We used a regional vulnerability index (RVI) for MET (RVI-MET) to measure individual's brain similarity to the expected patterns in MET in the UK Biobank sample. Subjects with MET showed a higher effect size for RVI-MET than for any of the individual brain measures. We replicated elevation of RVI-MET in a sample of MDD participants with MET versus non-MET. RVI-MET scores were significantly correlated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities, a neurological consequence of MET and age, in both groups. Higher RVI-MET in both samples was associated with obesity, tobacco smoking and frequent alcohol use but was unrelated to antidepressant use. In summary, MET effects on the brain were regionally specific and individual similarity to the pattern was more strongly associated with MET than any regional brain structural metric. Effects of MET overlapped with the reported brain differences in MDD, likely due to higher incidence of MET, smoking and alcohol use in subjects with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Van der Vaart
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Institute of Informatics, University of Washington, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Population Health of the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Malinowska JK, Żuradzki T. Towards the multileveled and processual conceptualisation of racialised individuals in biomedical research. SYNTHESE 2022; 201:11. [PMID: 36591336 PMCID: PMC9795162 DOI: 10.1007/s11229-022-04004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the processes of racialisation on the example of biomedical research. We argue that applying the concept of racialisation in biomedical research can be much more precise, informative and suitable than currently used categories, such as race and ethnicity. For this purpose, we construct a model of the different processes affecting and co-shaping the racialisation of an individual, and consider these in relation to biomedical research, particularly to studies on hypertension. We finish with a discussion on the potential application of our proposition to institutional guidelines on the use of racial categories in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Żuradzki
- Institute of Philosophy & Interdisciplinary Centre for Ethics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków, Poland
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6
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Ryan MC, Hong LE, Hatch KS, Gao S, Chen S, Haerian K, Wang J, Goldwaser EL, Du X, Adhikari BM, Bruce H, Hare S, Kvarta MD, Jahanshad N, Nichols TE, Thompson PM, Kochunov P. The additive impact of cardio-metabolic disorders and psychiatric illnesses on accelerated brain aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1997-2010. [PMID: 35112422 PMCID: PMC8933252 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) elevate accelerated brain aging risks. Cardio‐metabolic disorders (CMD) are common comorbidities in SMI and negatively impact brain health. We validated a linear quantile regression index (QRI) approach against the machine learning “BrainAge” index in an independent SSD cohort (N = 206). We tested the direct and additive effects of SMI and CMD effects on accelerated brain aging in the N = 1,618 (604 M/1,014 F, average age = 63.53 ± 7.38) subjects with SMI and N = 11,849 (5,719 M/6,130 F; 64.42 ± 7.38) controls from the UK Biobank. Subjects were subdivided based on diagnostic status: SMI+/CMD+ (N = 665), SMI+/CMD− (N = 964), SMI−/CMD+ (N = 3,765), SMI−/CMD− (N = 8,083). SMI (F = 40.47, p = 2.06 × 10−10) and CMD (F = 24.69, p = 6.82 × 10−7) significantly, independently impacted whole‐brain QRI in SMI+. SSD had the largest effect (Cohen’s d = 1.42) then BD (d = 0.55), and MDD (d = 0.15). Hypertension had a significant effect on SMI+ (d = 0.19) and SMI− (d = 0.14). SMI effects were direct, independent of MD, and remained significant after correcting for effects of antipsychotic medications. Whole‐brain QRI was significantly (p < 10−16) associated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, WMH did not show significant association with SMI and was driven by CMD, chiefly hypertension (p < 10−16). We used a simple and robust index, QRI, the demonstrate additive effect of SMI and CMD on accelerated brain aging. We showed a greater effect of psychiatric illnesses on QRI compared to cardio‐metabolic illness. Our findings suggest that subjects with SMI should be among the targets for interventions to protect against age‐related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Krystl Haerian
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Hare
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Population Health of the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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7
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Abstract
Hypertension and dementia are both common disorders whose prevalence increases with age. There are multiple mechanisms by which hypertension affects the brain and alters cognition. These include blood flow dynamics, development of large and small vessel pathology and diverse molecular mechanisms including formation of reactive oxygen species and transcriptional cascades. Blood pressure interacts with Alzheimer disease pathology in numerous and unpredictable ways, affecting both β-amyloid and tau deposition, while also interacting with AD genetic risk factors and other metabolic processes. Treatment of hypertension may prevent cognitive decline and dementia, but methodological issues have limited the ability of randomized clinical trials to show this conclusively. Recent studies have raised hope that hypertension treatment may protect the function and structure of the aging brain from advancing to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasratullah Wahidi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Alan J Lerner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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8
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McGuire SA, Ryan MC, Sherman PM, Sladky JH, Rowland LM, Wijtenburg SA, Hong LE, Kochunov PV. White matter and hypoxic hypobaria in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:3165-3173. [PMID: 30927318 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to hypobaria (low atmospheric pressure) is a risk factor for reduced white matter integrity, increased white matter hyperintensive burden, and decline in cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that a discrete hypobaric exposure will have a transient impact on cerebral physiology. Cerebral blood flow, fractional anisotropy of water diffusion in cerebral white matter, white matter hyperintensity volume, and concentrations of neurochemicals were measured at baseline and 24 hr and 72 hr postexposure in N = 64 healthy aircrew undergoing standard US Air Force altitude chamber training and compared to N = 60 controls not exposed to hypobaria. We observed that hypobaric exposure led to a significant rise in white matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) 24 hr postexposure that remained elevated, albeit not significantly, at 72 hr. No significant changes were observed in structural measurements or gray matter CBF. Subjects with higher baseline concentrations of neurochemicals associated with neuroprotection and maintenance of normal white matter physiology (glutathione, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate/glutamine) showed proportionally less white matter CBF changes. Our findings suggest that discrete hypobaric exposure may provide a model to study white matter injury associated with occupational hypobaric exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McGuire
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul M Sherman
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, 59MDW-USAFSAM/FHOH, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John H Sladky
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, 59MDW-USAFSAM/FHOH, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter V Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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9
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Kochunov P, Donohue B, Mitchell BD, Ganjgahi H, Adhikari B, Ryan M, Medland SE, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Blangero J, Fieremans E, Novikov DS, Marcus D, Van Essen DC, Glahn DC, Elliot Hong L, Nichols TE. Genomic kinship construction to enhance genetic analyses in the human connectome project data. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1677-1688. [PMID: 30496643 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging genetic analyses quantify genetic control over quantitative measurements of brain structure and function using coefficients of relationship (CR) that code the degree of shared genetics between subjects. CR can be inferred through self-reported relatedness or calculated empirically using genome-wide SNP scans. We hypothesized that empirical CR provides a more accurate assessment of shared genetics than self-reported relatedness. We tested this in 1,046 participants of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (480 M/566 F) recruited from the Missouri twin registry. We calculated the heritability for 17 quantitative traits drawn from four categories (brain diffusion and structure, cognition, and body physiology) documented by the HCP. We compared the heritability and genetic correlation estimates calculated using self-reported and empirical CR methods Kinship-based INference for GWAS (KING) and weighted allelic correlation (WAC). The polygenetic nature of traits was assessed by calculating the empirical CR from chromosomal SNP sets. The heritability estimates based on whole-genome empirical CR were higher but remained significantly correlated (r ∼0.9) with those obtained using self-reported values. Population stratification in the HCP sample has likely influenced the empirical CR calculations and biased heritability estimates. Heritability values calculated using empirical CR for chromosomal SNP sets were significantly correlated with the chromosomal length (r 0.7) suggesting a polygenic nature for these traits. The chromosomal heritability patterns were correlated among traits from the same knowledge domains; among traits with significant genetic correlations; and among traits sharing biological processes, without being genetically related. The pedigree structures generated in our analyses are available online as a web-based calculator (www.solar-eclipse-genetics.org/HCP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian Donohue
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Habib Ganjgahi
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bhim Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meghann Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark & Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John Blangero
- University of Texas Rio Grand Valley, Harlingen, Texas
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Science Institute, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Dobrynina LA, Zabitova MR, Kalashnikova LA, Gnedovskaya EV, Piradov MA. Hypertension and Cerebral Microangiopathy (Cerebral Small Vessel Disease): Genetic and Epigenetic Aspects of Their Relationship. Acta Naturae 2018; 10:4-15. [PMID: 30116610 PMCID: PMC6087821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) and its cerebral complications are extremely vexing medical and social problems. Despite the obvious association between hypertension and the clinical and neuroimaging features of cerebral microangiopathy (CMA) (also known as cerebral small vessel disease), the causal links between them remain ambiguous. Besides, antihypertensive therapy as the only way to manage these patients does not always prevent brain damage. Knowledge about the key factors and mechanisms involved in HT and CMA development is important for predicting the risk of cerebral complications and developing new approaches to their prevention and treatment. At present, genome-wide association studies and other approaches are used to investigate the common hereditary mechanisms of HT and CMA development, which will explain a large number of CMA cases not associated with hypertension, lack of a correlation between HT severity and the degree of cerebral injury, and failure of antihypertensive therapy to prevent CMA progression. Epigenetic markers likely play a modulating role in the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Dobrynina
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - M. R. Zabitova
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L. A. Kalashnikova
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - E. V. Gnedovskaya
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - M. A. Piradov
- Research center of neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse 80, Moscow, 125367, Russia
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11
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Ryan M, Kochunov P, Rowland LM, Mitchell BD, Wijtenburg SA, Fieremans E, Veraart J, Novikov DS, Du X, Adhikari B, Fisseha F, Bruce H, Chiappelli J, Sampath H, Ament S, O’Connell J, Shuldiner AR, Hong LE. Lipid Metabolism, Abdominal Adiposity, and Cerebral Health in the Amish. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1876-1880. [PMID: 28834322 PMCID: PMC5667552 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between peripheral lipid/fat profiles and cerebral gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in healthy Old Order Amish (OOA). METHODS Blood lipids, abdominal adiposity, liver lipid contents, and cerebral microstructure were assessed in OOA (N = 64, 31 males/33 females, ages 18-77). Orthogonal factors were extracted from lipid and imaging adiposity measures. GM assessment used the Human Connectome Project protocol to measure whole-brain average cortical thickness. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used to derive WM fractional anisotropy and kurtosis anisotropy measurements. RESULTS Lipid/fat measures were captured by three orthogonal factors explaining 80% of the variance. Factor one loaded on cholesterol and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol measurements; factor two loaded on triglyceride/liver measurements; and factor three loaded on abdominal fat measurements. A two-stage regression including age/sex (first stage) and the three factors (second stage) examined the peripheral lipid/fat effects. Factors two and three significantly contributed to WM measures after Bonferroni corrections (P < 0.007). No factor significantly contributed to GM. Blood pressure (BP) inclusion did not meaningfully alter the lipid/fat-WM relationship. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral lipid/fat indicators were significantly and negatively associated with cerebral WM rather than with GM, independent of age and BP level. Dissecting the fat/lipid components contributing to different brain imaging parameters may open a new understanding of the body-brain connection through lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- CONTACT INFO: Please address correspondence to: Dr. Peter Kochunov, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Phone: (410) 402-6110, Fax: (410)-402-7198,
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Braxton D. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry S. Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feven Fisseha
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Ament
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey O’Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Fennema-Notestine C, McEvoy LK, Notestine R, Panizzon MS, Yau WYW, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Eyler LT, Neale MC, Xian H, McKenzie RE, Kremen WS. White matter disease in midlife is heritable, related to hypertension, and shares some genetic influence with systolic blood pressure. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:737-745. [PMID: 27790395 PMCID: PMC5071546 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter disease in the brain increases with age and cardiovascular disease, emerging in midlife, and these associations may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. We examined the frequency, distribution, and heritability of abnormal white matter and its association with hypertension in 395 middle-aged male twins (61.9 ± 2.6 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging, 67% of whom were hypertensive. A multi-channel segmentation approach estimated abnormal regions within the white matter. Using multivariable regression models, we characterized the frequency distribution of abnormal white matter in midlife and investigated associations with hypertension and Apolipoprotein E-ε4 status and the impact of duration and control of hypertension. Then, using the classical twin design, we estimated abnormal white matter heritability and the extent of shared genetic overlap with blood pressure. Abnormal white matter was predominantly located in periventricular and deep parietal and frontal regions; associated with age (t = 1.9, p = 0.05) and hypertension (t = 2.9, p = 0.004), but not Apolipoprotein ε4 status; and was greater in those with uncontrolled hypertension relative to controlled (t = 3.0, p = 0.003) and normotensive (t = 4.0, p = 0.0001) groups, suggesting that abnormal white matter may reflect currently active cerebrovascular effects. Abnormal white matter was highly heritable (a2 = 0.81) and shared some genetic influences with systolic blood pressure (rA = 0.26), although there was evidence for distinct genetic contributions and unique environmental influences. Future longitudinal research will shed light on factors impacting white matter disease presentation, progression, and potential recovery.
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Key Words
- AWM, abnormal white matter
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- BMI, body mass index
- Blood pressure
- Brain
- CRP, C-Reactive protein
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HTN, hypertension
- Heritability
- Hypertension
- ICV, intracranial vault
- LDL, Low
- MRI
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- White matter
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Linda K. McEvoy
- Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Randy Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew S. Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Louis University and St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruth E. McKenzie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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13
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Kochunov P, Ganjgahi H, Winkler A, Kelly S, Shukla DK, Du X, Jahanshad N, Rowland L, Sampath H, Patel B, O'Donnell P, Xie Z, Paciga SA, Schubert CR, Chen J, Zhang G, Thompson PM, Nichols TE, Hong LE. Heterochronicity of white matter development and aging explains regional patient control differences in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4673-4688. [PMID: 27477775 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered brain connectivity is implicated in the development and clinical burden of schizophrenia. Relative to matched controls, schizophrenia patients show (1) a global and regional reduction in the integrity of the brain's white matter (WM), assessed using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA), and (2) accelerated age-related decline in FA values. In the largest mega-analysis to date, we tested if differences in the trajectories of WM tract development influenced patient-control differences in FA. We also assessed if specific tracts showed exacerbated decline with aging. METHODS Three cohorts of schizophrenia patients (total n = 177) and controls (total n = 249; age = 18-61 years) were ascertained with three 3T Siemens MRI scanners. Whole-brain and regional FA values were extracted using ENIGMA-DTI protocols. Statistics were evaluated using mega- and meta-analyses to detect effects of diagnosis and age-by-diagnosis interactions. RESULTS In mega-analysis of whole-brain averaged FA, schizophrenia patients had lower FA (P = 10-11 ) and faster age-related decline in FA (P = 0.02) compared with controls. Tract-specific heterochronicity measures, that is, abnormal rates of adolescent maturation and aging explained approximately 50% of the regional variance effects of diagnosis and age-by-diagnosis interaction in patients. Interactive, three-dimensional visualization of the results is available at www.enigma-viewer.org. CONCLUSION WM tracts that mature later in life appeared more sensitive to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and were more susceptible to faster age-related decline in FA values. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4673-4688, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Habib Ganjgahi
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Dinesh K Shukla
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Laura Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Binish Patel
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricio O'Donnell
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Enterprise Scientific Technology Operations, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Christian R Schubert
- Enterprise Scientific Technology Operations, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut, 06340.,Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, 21250
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, 21250
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Spieker EA, Kochunov P, Rowland LM, Sprooten E, Winkler AM, Olvera RL, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Blangero J, Glahn DC, Curran JE. Shared genetic variance between obesity and white matter integrity in Mexican Americans. Front Genet 2015; 6:26. [PMID: 25763009 PMCID: PMC4327744 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disorder that may also lead to reduced white matter integrity, potentially due to shared genetic risk factors. Genetic correlation analyses were conducted in a large cohort of Mexican American families in San Antonio (N = 761, 58% females, ages 18–81 years; 41.3 ± 14.5) from the Genetics of Brain Structure and Function Study. Shared genetic variance was calculated between measures of adiposity [(body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) and waist circumference (WC; in)] and whole-brain and regional measurements of cerebral white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy). Whole-brain average and regional fractional anisotropy values for 10 major white matter tracts were calculated from high angular resolution diffusion tensor imaging data (DTI; 1.7 × 1.7 × 3 mm; 55 directions). Additive genetic factors explained intersubject variance in BMI (heritability, h2 = 0.58), WC (h2 = 0.57), and FA (h2 = 0.49). FA shared significant portions of genetic variance with BMI in the genu (ρG = −0.25), body (ρG = −0.30), and splenium (ρG = −0.26) of the corpus callosum, internal capsule (ρG = −0.29), and thalamic radiation (ρG = −0.31) (all p's = 0.043). The strongest evidence of shared variance was between BMI/WC and FA in the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (ρG = −0.39, p = 0.020; ρG = −0.39, p = 0.030), which highlights region-specific variation in neural correlates of obesity. This may suggest that increase in obesity and reduced white matter integrity share common genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Spieker
- Department of Family Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma, WA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA ; South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA ; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University New Haven, CT, USA ; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living Hartford, CT, USA ; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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15
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Wright S, Kochunov P, Chiappelli J, McMahon R, Muellerklein F, Wijtenburg SA, White MG, Rowland LM, Hong LE. Accelerated white matter aging in schizophrenia: role of white matter blood perfusion. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2411-2418. [PMID: 24680326 PMCID: PMC4087059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated rate of age-related decline in white matter integrity, indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging, was reported in patients with schizophrenia. Its etiology is unknown. We hypothesized that a decline of blood perfusion to the white matter may underlie the accelerated age-related reduction in FA in schizophrenia. Resting white matter perfusion and FA were collected using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and high-angular-resolution diffusion tensor imaging, respectively, in 50 schizophrenia patients and 70 controls (age = 18-63 years). Main outcome measures were the diagnosis-by-age interaction on whole-brain white matter perfusion, and FA. Significant age-related decline in brain white matter perfusion and FA were present in both groups. Age-by-diagnosis interaction was significant for FA (p < 0.001) but not white matter perfusion. Age-by-diagnosis interaction for FA values remained significant even after accounting for age-related decline in perfusion. Therefore, we replicated the finding of an increased rate of age-related white matter FA decline in schizophrenia and observed a significant age-related decline in white matter blood perfusion, although the latter did not contribute to the accelerated age-related decline in FA. The results suggest that factors other than reduced perfusion account for the accelerated age-related decline in white matter integrity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Wright
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Robert McMahon
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Florian Muellerklein
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Michael G White
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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16
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Kochunov P, Chiappelli J, Wright SN, Rowland LM, Patel B, Wijtenburg SA, Nugent K, McMahon RP, Carpenter WT, Muellerklein F, Sampath H, Hong LE. Multimodal white matter imaging to investigate reduced fractional anisotropy and its age-related decline in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 223:148-56. [PMID: 24909602 PMCID: PMC4100065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion and its elevated aging-related decline in schizophrenia patients may be caused by elevated hyperintensive white matter (HWM) lesions, by reduced permeability-diffusivity index (PDI), or both. We tested this hypothesis in 40/30 control/patient participants. FA values for the corpus callosum were calculated from high angular resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Whole-brain volume of HWM lesions was quantified by 3D-T2w-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. PDI for corpus callosum was ascertained using multi b-value diffusion imaging (15 b-shells with 30 directions per shell). Patients had significantly lower corpus callosum FA values, and there was a significant age-by-diagnosis interaction. Patients also had significantly reduced PDI but no difference in HWM volume. PDI and HWM volume were significant predictors of FA and captured the diagnosis-related variance. Separately, PDI robustly explained FA variance in schizophrenia patients, but not in controls. Conversely, HWM volume made equally significant contributions to variability in FA in both groups. The diagnosis-by-age effect of FA was explained by a PDI-by-diagnosis interaction. Post hoc testing showed a similar trend for PDI of gray mater. Our study demonstrated that reduced FA and its accelerated decline with age in schizophrenia were explained by pathophysiology indexed by PDI, rather than HWM volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Susan N. Wright
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Benish Patel
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - S. Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Katie Nugent
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Robert P. McMahon
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - William T. Carpenter
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Florian Muellerklein
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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17
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Acheson A, Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM, Bray BC, Gaston F, Mathias CW, Fox PT, Lovallo WR, Wright SN, Hong LE, McGuire S, Kochunov P, Dougherty DM. Combining diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study reduced frontal white matter integrity in youths with family histories of substance use disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:5877-87. [PMID: 25044331 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a family history of substance use disorder (FH+) show impaired frontal white matter as indicated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This impairment may be due to impaired or delayed development of myelin in frontal regions, potentially contributing to this population's increased risk for developing substance use disorders. In this study, we examined high angular resolution DTI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy data from the anterior corona radiata were collected in 80 FH+ and 34 FH- youths (12.9 ± 1.0 years old). White matter integrity indices included fractional anisotropy (FA), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and total choline (tCho). Lower FA suggests decreased myelination. Decreased NAA coupled with higher tCho suggests impaired build-up and maintenance of cerebral myelin and consequently greater breakdown of cellular membranes. We found FH+ youths had lower FA (P < 0.0001) and NAA (P = 0.017) and higher tCho (P = 0.04). FH density (number of parents and grandparents with substance use disorders) was negatively correlated with FA (P < 0.0001) and NAA (P = 0.011) and positively correlated with tCho (P = 0.001). FA was independently predicted by both FH density (P = 0.006) and NAA (P = 0.002), and NAA and tCho were both independent predictors of FH density (P < 0.001). Our finding of lower frontal FA in FH+ youths corresponding to lower NAA and increased tCho is consistent with delayed or impaired development of frontal white matter in FH+ youths. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine how these differences relate to substance use outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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McGuire SA, Tate DF, Wood J, Sladky JH, McDonald K, Sherman PM, Kawano ES, Rowland LM, Patel B, Wright SN, Hong E, Rasmussen J, Willis AM, Kochunov PV. Lower neurocognitive function in U-2 pilots: Relationship to white matter hyperintensities. Neurology 2014; 83:638-45. [PMID: 25008397 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine whether United States Air Force (USAF) U-2 pilots (U2Ps) with occupational exposure to repeated hypobaria had lower neurocognitive performance compared to pilots without repeated hypobaric exposure and whether U2P neurocognitive performance correlated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden. METHODS We collected Multidimensional Aptitude Battery-II (MAB-II) and MicroCog: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning (MicroCog) neurocognitive data on USAF U2Ps with a history of repeated occupational exposure to hypobaria and compared these with control data collected from USAF pilots (AFPs) without repeated hypobaric exposure (U2Ps/AFPs MAB-II 87/83; MicroCog 93/80). Additional comparisons were performed between U2Ps with high vs low WMH burden. RESULTS U2Ps with repeated hypobaric exposure had significantly lower scores than control pilots on reasoning/calculation (U2Ps/AFPs 99.4/106.5), memory (105.5/110.9), information processing accuracy (102.1/105.8), and general cognitive functioning (103.5/108.5). In addition, U2Ps with high whole-brain WMH count showed significantly lower scores on reasoning/calculation (high/low 96.8/104.1), memory (102.9/110.2), general cognitive functioning (101.5/107.2), and general cognitive proficiency (103.6/108.8) than U2Ps with low WMH burden (high/low WMH mean volume 0.213/0.003 cm(3) and mean count 14.2/0.4). CONCLUSION In these otherwise healthy, highly functioning individuals, pilots with occupational exposure to repeated hypobaria demonstrated lower neurocognitive performance, albeit demonstrable on only some tests, than pilots without repeated exposure. Furthermore, within the U2P population, higher WMH burden was associated with lower neurocognitive test performance. Hypobaric exposure may be a risk factor for subtle changes in neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A McGuire
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.
| | - David F Tate
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Joe Wood
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - John H Sladky
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Kent McDonald
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Paul M Sherman
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Elaine S Kawano
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Laura M Rowland
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Beenish Patel
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Susan N Wright
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Elliot Hong
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Jennifer Rasmussen
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Adam M Willis
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Peter V Kochunov
- From the US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (S.A.M., J.W., K.M., E.S.K.), Aerospace Medicine Consultation Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH; Department of Neurology (S.A.M., J.R.), University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio; Departments of Neuroradiology (P.M.S.) and Neurology (S.A.M., J.H.S., A.M.W.), 59th Medical Wing, Lackland AFB; Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (D.F.T.), San Antonio, TX; and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (L.M.R., B.P., S.N.W., E.H., P.V.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Kochunov P, Hong LE. Neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models of schizophrenia: white matter at the center stage. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40:721-8. [PMID: 24870447 PMCID: PMC4059450 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder of cerebral disconnectivity whose lifetime course is modeled as both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative. The neurodevelopmental models attribute schizophrenia to alterations in the prenatal-to-early adolescent development. The neurodegenerative models identify progressive neurodegeneration as its core attribute. Historically, the physiology, pharmacology, and treatment targets in schizophrenia were conceptualized in terms of neurons, neurotransmitter levels, and synaptic receptors. Much of the evidence for both models was derived from studies of cortical and subcortical gray matter. We argue that the dynamics of the lifetime trajectory of white matter, and the consistency of connectivity deficits in schizophrenia, support white matter integrity as a promising phenotype to evaluate the competing evidence for and against neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative heuristics. We develop this perspective by reviewing normal lifetime trajectories of white and gray matter changes. We highlighted the overlap between the age of peak of white matter development and the age of onset of schizophrenia and reviewed findings of white matter abnormalities prior to, at the onset, and at chronic stages of schizophrenia. We emphasized the findings of reduced white matter integrity at the onset and findings of accelerated decline in chronic stages, but the developmental trajectory that precedes the onset is largely unknown. We propose 4 probable lifetime white matter trajectory models that can be used as the basis for separation between the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative etiologies. We argue that a combination of the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of white matter integrity in patients may be used to bridge the neurodevelopment and degeneration heuristics to advance schizophrenia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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20
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Woldehawariat G, Martinez PE, Hauser P, Hoover DM, Drevets WWC, McMahon FJ. Corpus callosum size is highly heritable in humans, and may reflect distinct genetic influences on ventral and rostral regions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99980. [PMID: 24968245 PMCID: PMC4072678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical differences in the corpus callosum have been found in various psychiatric disorders, but data on the genetic contributions to these differences have been limited. The current study used morphometric MRI data to assess the heritability of corpus callosum size and the genetic correlations among anatomical sub-regions of the corpus callosum among individuals with and without mood disorders. The corpus callosum (CC) was manually segmented at the mid-sagittal plane in 42 women (healthy, n = 14; major depressive disorder, n = 15; bipolar disorder, n = 13) and their 86 child or adolescent offspring. Four anatomical sub-regions (CC-genu, CC2, CC3 and CC-splenium) and total CC were measured and analyzed. Heritability and genetic correlations were estimated using a variance components method, with adjustment for age, sex, diagnosis, and diagnosis x age, where appropriate. Significant heritability was found for several CC sub-regions (P<0.01), with estimated values ranging from 48% (splenium) to 67% (total CC). There were strong and significant genetic correlations among most sub regions. Correlations between the genu and mid-body, between the genu and total corpus callosum, and between anterior and mid body were all >90%, but no significant genetic correlations were detected between ventral and rostral regions in this sample. Genetic factors play an important role in corpus callosum size among individuals. Distinct genetic factors seem to be involved in caudal and rostral regions, consistent with the divergent functional specialization of these brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Woldehawariat
- Genetic Basis of Mood & Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pedro E. Martinez
- Section on Behavioral Endocrinology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, Unites States of America
| | - Peter Hauser
- VISN 22 Network Office, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - David M. Hoover
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wayne W. C. Drevets
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research and the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Genetic Basis of Mood & Anxiety Disorders Section, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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21
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Small vessel disease and memory loss: what the clinician needs to know to preserve patients' brain health. Curr Cardiol Rep 2014; 15:427. [PMID: 24105643 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-013-0427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) in the brain manifests in the periventricular and deep white matter and radiographically is described as "leukoaraiosis". It is increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity from middle age onward and this clinical relevance has paralleled advances in the field of neuroradiology. Overall, SVD is a heterogenous group of vascular disorders that may be asymptomatic, or a harbinger of many conditions that jeopardize brain health. Management and prevention focuses on blood pressure control, lifestyle modification, and symptomatic treatment.
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22
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Nickl-Jockschat T, Stöcker T, Krug A, Markov V, Huang R, Schneider F, Habel U, Eickhoff SB, Zerres K, Nöthen MM, Treutlein J, Rietschel M, Shah NJ, Kircher T. A Neuregulin-1 schizophrenia susceptibility variant causes perihippocampal fiber tract anomalies in healthy young subjects. Brain Behav 2014; 4:215-26. [PMID: 24683514 PMCID: PMC3967537 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in fiber tract architecture have gained attention as a potentially important aspect of schizophrenia neuropathology. Although the exact pathogenesis of these abnormalities yet remains to be elucidated, a genetic component is highly likely. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is one of the best-validated schizophrenia susceptibility genes. We here report the impact of the Neuregulin-1 rs35753505 variant on white matter structure in healthy young individuals with no family history of psychosis. METHODS We compared fractional anisotropy in 54 subjects that were either homozygous for the risk C allele carriers (n = 31) for rs35753505 or homozygous for the T allele (n = 23) using diffusion tensor imaging with 3T. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS), a method especially developed for diffusion data analysis, was used to improve white matter registration and to focus the statistical analysis to major fiber tracts. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that homozygous risk C allele carriers featured elevated fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right perihippocampal region and the white matter proximate to the left area 4p as well as the right hemisphere of the cerebellum. We found three clusters of reduced FA values in homozygous C allele carriers: in the left superior parietal region, the right prefrontal white matter and in the deep white matter of the left frontal lobe. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of Neuregulin-1 for structural connectivity of the right medial temporal lobe. This finding is in line with well known neuropathological findings in this region in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nickl-Jockschat
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence Thomas Nickl-Jockschat, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse-30-, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Tel: 0049-241/80-36413;, Fax: 0049-241/80-82401;, E-mail:
| | - Tony Stöcker
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine-4, Juelich Research CenterJuelich, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of MarburgMarburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Markov
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine-4, Juelich Research CenterJuelich, Germany
| | - Frank Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience und Medicine, INM-1, Research Center JülichJülich, Germany
| | - Klaus Zerres
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthMannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental HealthMannheim, Germany
| | - Nadim Jon Shah
- Juelich Aachen Research Alliance – Translational Brain MedicineJuelich/Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine-4, Juelich Research CenterJuelich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of MarburgMarburg, Germany
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Sargento-Freitas J, Felix-Morais R, Ribeiro J, Gouveia A, Nunes C, Duque C, Madaleno J, Silva F, Machado C, Cordeiro G, Cunha L. Different locations but common associations in subcortical hypodensities of presumed vascular origin: cross-sectional study on clinical and neurosonologic correlates. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:24. [PMID: 24495346 PMCID: PMC3917903 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical hypodensities of presumed vascular etiology (SHPVO) are a clinical, radiological and neuropathological syndrome with a still largely unexplained pathophysiology. Parallel to the clinical heterogeneity, there is also recognised cerebral topographical diversity with undetermined etiological implications. Our aim is to assess clinical and neurosonological predictors of SHPVO according to their location. METHODS Cross sectional analysis of consecutive patients that underwent neurosonologic evaluation and head CT within one month, during a one year period. We excluded patients with absent temporal sonographic window, any pathology with a possible confounding effect on cerebral arterial pulsatility, atrial fibrillation and other etiologies of white matter diseases. The mean pulsatility index (PI) of both middle cerebral arteries was measured in the middle third of the M1 segment; intima media thickness was evaluated in the far wall of both common carotid arteries. SHPVO were rated by analysis of head CT in deep white matter (DWMH), periventricular white matter (PVWMH) and basal ganglia (BGH). We conducted a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model including all clinical, demographic and ultrasonographic characteristics to determine independent associations with SHPVO. RESULTS We included 439 patients, mean age 63.47 (SD: 14.94) years, 294 (67.0%) male. The independent predictors of SHPVO were age (OR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.047-1.088, p < 0.001 for DWMH; OR = 1.068, 95% CI: 1.049-1.088, p < 0.001 for PVWMH; OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.071, p < 0.001 for BGH), hypertension (OR = 1.909, 95% CI: 1.222-2.981, p = 0.004 for DWMH; OR = 1.907, 95% CI: 1.238-2.938, p = 0.003 for PVWMH; OR = 1.775, 95% CI: 1.109-2.843, p = 0.017 for BGH) and PI (OR = 17.994, 95% CI: 6.875-47.1, p < 0.001 for DWMH; OR = 5.739, 95%CI: 2.288-14.397, p < 0.001 for PVWMH; OR = 11.844, 95% CI: 4.486-31.268, p < 0.001 for BGH) for all locations of SHPVO. CONCLUSIONS Age, hypertension and intracranial pulsatility are the main independent predictors of SHPVO across different topographic involvement and irrespective of extracranial atherosclerotic involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sargento-Freitas
- Neurosonology Laboratory, Coimbra University and Hospital Centre, Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal.
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Nir TM, Jahanshad N, Villalon-Reina JE, Toga AW, Jack CR, Weiner MW, Thompson PM. Effectiveness of regional DTI measures in distinguishing Alzheimer's disease, MCI, and normal aging. Neuroimage Clin 2013; 3:180-95. [PMID: 24179862 PMCID: PMC3792746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) recently added diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), among several other new imaging modalities, in an effort to identify sensitive biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While anatomical MRI is the main structural neuroimaging method used in most AD studies and clinical trials, DTI is sensitive to microscopic white matter (WM) changes not detectable with standard MRI, offering additional markers of neurodegeneration. Prior DTI studies of AD report lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and increased mean, axial, and radial diffusivity (MD, AxD, RD) throughout WM. Here we assessed which DTI measures may best identify differences among AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively healthy elderly control (NC) groups, in region of interest (ROI) and voxel-based analyses of 155 ADNI participants (mean age: 73.5 ± 7.4; 90 M/65 F; 44 NC, 88 MCI, 23 AD). Both VBA and ROI analyses revealed widespread group differences in FA and all diffusivity measures. DTI maps were strongly correlated with widely-used clinical ratings (MMSE, CDR-sob, and ADAS-cog). When effect sizes were ranked, FA analyses were least sensitive for picking up group differences. Diffusivity measures could detect more subtle MCI differences, where FA could not. ROIs showing strongest group differentiation (lowest p-values) included tracts that pass through the temporal lobe, and posterior brain regions. The left hippocampal component of the cingulum showed consistently high effect sizes for distinguishing groups, across all diffusivity and anisotropy measures, and in correlations with cognitive scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia M. Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging,
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging,
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - Julio E. Villalon-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging,
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging,
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
| | - Clifford R. Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation,
Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School
of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging,
Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, UCLA School of
Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Abstract
The term cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) describes a range of neuroimaging, pathological, and associated clinical features. Clinical features range from none, to discrete focal neurological symptoms (eg, stroke), to insidious global neurological dysfunction and dementia. The burden on public health is substantial. The pathogenesis of SVD is largely unknown. Although the pathological processes leading to the arteriolar disease are associated with vascular risk factors and are believed to result from an intrinsic cerebral arteriolar occlusive disease, little is known about how these processes result in brain disease, how SVD lesions contribute to neurological or cognitive symptoms, and the association with risk factors. Pathology often shows end-stage disease, which makes identification of the earliest stages difficult. Neuroimaging provides considerable insights; although the small vessels are not easily seen themselves, the effects of their malfunction on the brain can be tracked with detailed brain imaging. We discuss potential mechanisms, detectable with neuroimaging, that might better fit the available evidence and provide testable hypotheses for future study.
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26
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Kulkarni H, Meikle PJ, Mamtani M, Weir JM, Barlow CK, Jowett JB, Bellis C, Dyer TD, Johnson MP, Rainwater DL, Almasy L, Mahaney MC, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Curran JE. Plasma lipidomic profile signature of hypertension in Mexican American families: specific role of diacylglycerols. Hypertension 2013; 62:621-6. [PMID: 23798346 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Both as a component of metabolic syndrome and as an independent entity, hypertension poses a continued challenge with regard to its diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment. Previous studies have documented connections between hypertension and indicators of lipid metabolism. Novel technologies, such as plasma lipidomic profiling, promise a better understanding of disorders in which there is a derangement of the lipid metabolism. However, association of plasma lipidomic profiles with hypertension in a high-risk population, such as Mexican Americans, has not been evaluated before. Using the rich data and sample resource from the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study, we conducted plasma lipidomic profiling by combining high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy to characterize 319 lipid species in 1192 individuals from 42 large and extended Mexican American families. Robust statistical analyses using polygenic regression models, liability threshold models, and bivariate trait analyses implemented in the SOLAR software were conducted after accounting for obesity, insulin resistance, and relative abundance of various lipoprotein fractions. Diacylglycerols, in general, and the DG 16:0/22:5 and DG 16:0/22:6 lipid species, in particular, were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), as well as liability of incident hypertension measured during 7140.17 person-years of follow-up. Four lipid species, including the DG 16:0/22:5 and DG 16:0/22:6 species, showed significant genetic correlations with the liability of hypertension in bivariate trait analyses. Our results demonstrate the value of plasma lipidomic profiling in the context of hypertension and identify disturbance of diacylglycerol metabolism as an independent biomarker of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kulkarni
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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27
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Kochunov P, Charlesworth J, Winkler A, Hong LE, Nichols TE, Curran JE, Sprooten E, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Johnson MP, Kent JW, Landman BA, Mitchell B, Cole SA, Dyer TD, Moses EK, Goring HHH, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Olvera RL, Glahn DC, Blangero J. Transcriptomics of cortical gray matter thickness decline during normal aging. Neuroimage 2013; 82:273-83. [PMID: 23707588 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We performed a whole-transcriptome correlation analysis, followed by the pathway enrichment and testing of innate immune response pathway analyses to evaluate the hypothesis that transcriptional activity can predict cortical gray matter thickness (GMT) variability during normal cerebral aging. METHODS Transcriptome and GMT data were available for 379 individuals (age range=28-85) community-dwelling members of large extended Mexican American families. Collection of transcriptome data preceded that of neuroimaging data by 17 years. Genome-wide gene transcriptome data consisted of 20,413 heritable lymphocytes-based transcripts. GMT measurements were performed from high-resolution (isotropic 800 μm) T1-weighted MRI. Transcriptome-wide and pathway enrichment analysis was used to classify genes correlated with GMT. Transcripts for sixty genes from seven innate immune pathways were tested as specific predictors of GMT variability. RESULTS Transcripts for eight genes (IGFBP3, LRRN3, CRIP2, SCD, IDS, TCF4, GATA3, and HN1) passed the transcriptome-wide significance threshold. Four orthogonal factors extracted from this set predicted 31.9% of the variability in the whole-brain and between 23.4 and 35% of regional GMT measurements. Pathway enrichment analysis identified six functional categories including cellular proliferation, aggregation, differentiation, viral infection, and metabolism. The integrin signaling pathway was significantly (p<10(-6)) enriched with GMT. Finally, three innate immune pathways (complement signaling, toll-receptors and scavenger and immunoglobulins) were significantly associated with GMT. CONCLUSION Expression activity for the genes that regulate cellular proliferation, adhesion, differentiation and inflammation can explain a significant proportion of individual variability in cortical GMT. Our findings suggest that normal cerebral aging is the product of a progressive decline in regenerative capacity and increased neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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28
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Jahanshad N, Kochunov PV, Sprooten E, Mandl RC, Nichols TE, Almasy L, Blangero J, Brouwer RM, Curran JE, de Zubicaray GI, Duggirala R, Fox PT, Hong LE, Landman BA, Martin NG, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Mitchell BD, Olvera RL, Peterson CP, Starr JM, Sussmann JE, Toga AW, Wardlaw JM, Wright MJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Bastin ME, McIntosh AM, Deary IJ, Thompson PM, Glahn DC. Multi-site genetic analysis of diffusion images and voxelwise heritability analysis: a pilot project of the ENIGMA-DTI working group. Neuroimage 2013; 81:455-469. [PMID: 23629049 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium was set up to analyze brain measures and genotypes from multiple sites across the world to improve the power to detect genetic variants that influence the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) yields quantitative measures sensitive to brain development and degeneration, and some common genetic variants may be associated with white matter integrity or connectivity. DTI measures, such as the fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion, may be useful for identifying genetic variants that influence brain microstructure. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require large populations to obtain sufficient power to detect and replicate significant effects, motivating a multi-site consortium effort. As part of an ENIGMA-DTI working group, we analyzed high-resolution FA images from multiple imaging sites across North America, Australia, and Europe, to address the challenge of harmonizing imaging data collected at multiple sites. Four hundred images of healthy adults aged 18-85 from four sites were used to create a template and corresponding skeletonized FA image as a common reference space. Using twin and pedigree samples of different ethnicities, we used our common template to evaluate the heritability of tract-derived FA measures. We show that our template is reliable for integrating multiple datasets by combining results through meta-analysis and unifying the data through exploratory mega-analyses. Our results may help prioritize regions of the FA map that are consistently influenced by additive genetic factors for future genetic discovery studies. Protocols and templates are publicly available at (http://enigma.loni.ucla.edu/ongoing/dti-working-group/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter V Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center in the Institute of Living, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - René C Mandl
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, UK
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Katie L McMahon
- University of Queensland, Center for Advanced Imaging, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rene L Olvera
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles P Peterson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David C Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center in the Institute of Living, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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29
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Kochunov P, Glahn DC, Rowland LM, Olvera RL, Winkler A, Yang YH, Sampath H, Carpenter WT, Duggirala R, Curran J, Blangero J, Hong LE. Testing the hypothesis of accelerated cerebral white matter aging in schizophrenia and major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:482-91. [PMID: 23200529 PMCID: PMC3645491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated rate of aging-related biological and functional decline, termed "accelerated aging," is reported in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We used diffusion tensor imaging derived fractional anisotropy (FA) as a biomarker of aging-related decline in white matter (WM) integrity to test the hypotheses of accelerated aging in SCZ and MDD. METHODS The SCZ cohort comprised 58 SCZ patients and 60 controls (aged 20-60 years). The MDD cohort comprised 136 MDD patients and 351 controls (aged 20-79 years). The main outcome measures were the diagnosis-by-age interaction on whole-brain-averaged WM FA values and FA values from 12 major WM tracts. RESULTS Diagnosis-by-age interaction for the whole-brain average FA was significant for the SCZ (p = .04) but not the MDD (p = .80) cohort. Diagnosis-by-age interaction was nominally significant (p<.05) for five WM tracts for SCZ and for none of the tracts in the MDD cohort. Tract-specific heterochronicity of the onset of age-related decline in SCZ demonstrated strong negative correlations with the age-of-peak myelination and the rates of age-related decline obtained from normative sample (r =-.61 and-.80, p<.05, respectively). No such trends existed for MDD cohort. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral WM showed accelerated aging in SCZ but not in MDD, suggesting some difference in the pathophysiology underlying their WM aging changes. Tract-specific heterochronicity of WM development modulated presentation of accelerated aging in SCZ: WM tracts that matured later in life appeared more sensitive to the pathophysiology of SCZ and demonstrated more susceptibility to disorder-related accelerated decline in FA values with age. This trend was not observed in MDD cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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30
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The TWIN-E project in emotional wellbeing: study protocol and preliminary heritability results across four MRI and DTI measures. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012; 15:419-41. [PMID: 22856376 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements being made in the neurogenetics for mental health, the identification and validation of potential endophenotype markers of risk and resilience remain to be confirmed. The TWIN-E study (The Twin study in Wellbeing using Integrative Neuroscience of Emotion) aims to validate endophenotype markers of mental health across cognitive, brain, and autonomic measures by testing the heritability, clinical plausibility, and reliability of each of these measures in a large adult twin cohort. The specific gene and environmental mechanisms that moderate prospective links between endophenotype-phenotype markers and the final outcome of wellbeing will also be identified. TWIN-E is a national prospective study with three phases: I) baseline testing on a battery of online questionnaires and cognitive tasks, and EEG, MRI, and autonomic testing; II) 12-month follow-up testing on the online assessments; and III) randomized controlled trial of brain training. Minimum target numbers include 1,500 male/female twins (18-65 years) for the online assessments (Phase I and II), 300 twins for the EEG testing component, and 244 twins for the MRI testing component. For Phase III, each twin out of the pair will be randomized to either the treatment or waitlist control group to test the effects of brain training on mental health over a 30-day period, and to confirm the gene-environment and endophenotype contributions to treatment response. Preliminary heritability results are provided for the first 50% of the MRI subgroup (n = 142) for the grey matter volume, thickness, and surface area measures, and white matter diffuse tensor imaging fractional anisotropy.
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31
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Hartley SW, Monti S, Liu CT, Steinberg MH, Sebastiani P. Bayesian methods for multivariate modeling of pleiotropic SNP associations and genetic risk prediction. Front Genet 2012; 3:176. [PMID: 22973300 PMCID: PMC3438684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous associations between genetic loci and individual phenotypes; however, relatively few GWAS have attempted to detect pleiotropic associations, in which loci are simultaneously associated with multiple distinct phenotypes. We show that pleiotropic associations can be directly modeled via the construction of simple Bayesian networks, and that these models can be applied to produce single or ensembles of Bayesian classifiers that leverage pleiotropy to improve genetic risk prediction. The proposed method includes two phases: (1) Bayesian model comparison, to identify Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with one or more traits; and (2) cross-validation feature selection, in which a final set of SNPs is selected to optimize prediction. To demonstrate the capabilities and limitations of the method, a total of 1600 case-control GWAS datasets with two dichotomous phenotypes were simulated under 16 scenarios, varying the association strengths of causal SNPs, the size of the discovery sets, the balance between cases and controls, and the number of pleiotropic causal SNPs. Across the 16 scenarios, prediction accuracy varied from 90 to 50%. In the 14 scenarios that included pleiotropically associated SNPs, the pleiotropic model search and prediction methods consistently outperformed the naive model search and prediction. In the two scenarios in which there were no true pleiotropic SNPs, the differences between the pleiotropic and naive model searches were minimal. To further evaluate the method on real data, a discovery set of 1071 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients was used to search for pleiotropic associations between cerebral vascular accidents and fetal hemoglobin level. Classification was performed on a smaller validation set of 352 SCD patients, and showed that the inclusion of pleiotropic SNPs may slightly improve prediction, although the difference was not statistically significant. The proposed method is robust, computationally efficient, and provides a powerful new approach for detecting and modeling pleiotropic disease loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Hartley
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Elias MF, Goodell AL, Dore GA. Hypertension and cognitive functioning: a perspective in historical context. Hypertension 2012; 60:260-8. [PMID: 22753214 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.186429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Merrill F Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, 5714 Little Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5742, USA.
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33
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Kochunov P, Glahn DC, Hong LE, Lancaster J, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Winkler AM, Holcomb HH, Kent JW, Mitchell B, Kochunov V, Olvera RL, Cole SA, Dyer TD, Moses EK, Goring H, Almasy L, Duggirala R, Blangero J. P-selectin Expression Tracks Cerebral Atrophy in Mexican-Americans. Front Genet 2012; 3:65. [PMID: 22558002 PMCID: PMC3340599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: We hypothesized that the P-selectin (SELP) gene, localized to a region on chromosome 1q24, pleiotropically contributes to increased blood pressure and cerebral atrophy. We tested this hypothesis by performing genetic correlation analyses for 13 mRNA gene expression measures from P-selectin and 11 other genes located in 1q24 region and three magnetic resonance imaging derived indices of cerebral integrity. Methods: The subject pool consisted of 369 (219F; aged 28–85, average = 47.1 ± 12.7 years) normally aging, community-dwelling members of large extended Mexican-American families. Genetic correlation analysis decomposed phenotypic correlation coefficients into genetic and environmental components among 13 leukocyte-based mRNA gene expressions and three whole-brain and regional measurements of cerebral integrity: cortical gray matter thickness, fractional anisotropy of cerebral white matter, and the volume of hyperintensive WM lesions. Results: From the 13 gene expressions, significant phenotypic correlations were only found for the P- and L-selectin expression levels. Increases in P-selectin expression levels tracked with decline in cerebral integrity while the opposite trend was observed for L-selectin expression. The correlations for the P-selectin expression were driven by shared genetic factors, while the correlations with L-selectin expression were due to shared environmental effects. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that P-selectin expression shared a significant variance with measurements of cerebral integrity and posits elevated P-selectin expression levels as a potential risk factor of hypertension-related cerebral atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Kochunov P, Rogers W, Mangin JF, Lancaster J. A library of cortical morphology analysis tools to study development, aging and genetics of cerebral cortex. Neuroinformatics 2012; 10:81-96. [PMID: 21698393 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-011-9127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sharing of analysis techniques and tools is among the main driving forces of modern neuroscience. We describe a library of tools developed to quantify global and regional differences in cortical anatomy in high resolution structural MR images. This library is distributed as a plug-in application for popular structural analysis software, BrainVisa (BV). It contains tools to measure global and regional gyrification, gray matter thickness and sulcal and gyral white matter spans. We provide a description of each tool and examples for several case studies to demonstrate their use. These examples show how the BV library was used to study cortical folding process during antenatal development and recapitulation of this process during cerebral aging. Further, the BV library was used to perform translation research in humans and non-human primates on the genetics of cerebral gyrification. This library, including source code and self-contained binaries for popular computer platforms, is available from the NIH-Neuroimaging Informatics Tools and Resources Clearinghouse (NITRC) resource ( http://www.nitrc.org/projects/brainvisa_ext ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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