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Lyu T, Qiu X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Dai Y, Wang X, Zhao S, Xiang M, Cui L, Cheng S, Liu Y, Gu H, Jiang Y, Meng X, Wang Y, Zhao X, Wang X, Li Q, Wang M, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Huang X, Li H, Wang Y, Li Z. DNMT3A dysfunction promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates acute ischemic stroke. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e652. [PMID: 39006763 PMCID: PMC11246610 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations related to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are risk factors for stroke. The impact of DNMT3A, the most mutated gene in CHIP, on clinical functional outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains unclear. In a well-characterized cohort of 8524 ischemic stroke patients, we demonstrated that DNMT3A-driven CHIP was significantly associated with neurological disability in these patients. With a stroke mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we demonstrated that DNMT3A protein levels in the brain penumbra increased. The DNMT3A inhibitor RG108 administration amplified neutrophil proliferation in the blood, promoted neutrophil infiltration into the brain penumbra, and exaggerated proinflammatory activation in tMCAO male mice. DNMT3A inhibition also significantly increased infarct volume and worsened neurobehavioral function in tMCAO male mice. In conclusion, DNMT3A somatic mutations are associated with worsened neurological disability in some patients with AIS, potentially through increased neutrophil proliferation and infiltration in the ischemic brain region. These findings suggest a possible mechanism for proinflammatory activation and tissue damage in the affected brain tissue, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Gong L, Liang J, Xie L, Zhang Z, Mei Z, Zhang W. Metabolic Reprogramming in Gliocyte Post-cerebral Ischemia/ Reperfusion: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Potential. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1672-1696. [PMID: 38362904 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666240131121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. However, the clinical efficacy of recanalization therapy as a preferred option is significantly hindered by reperfusion injury. The transformation between different phenotypes of gliocytes is closely associated with cerebral ischemia/ reperfusion injury (CI/RI). Moreover, gliocyte polarization induces metabolic reprogramming, which refers to the shift in gliocyte phenotype and the overall transformation of the metabolic network to compensate for energy demand and building block requirements during CI/RI caused by hypoxia, energy deficiency, and oxidative stress. Within microglia, the pro-inflammatory phenotype exhibits upregulated glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine synthesis, whereas the anti-inflammatory phenotype demonstrates enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. Reactive astrocytes display increased glycolysis but impaired glycogenolysis and reduced glutamate uptake after CI/RI. There is mounting evidence suggesting that manipulation of energy metabolism homeostasis can induce microglial cells and astrocytes to switch from neurotoxic to neuroprotective phenotypes. A comprehensive understanding of underlying mechanisms and manipulation strategies targeting metabolic pathways could potentially enable gliocytes to be reprogrammed toward beneficial functions while opening new therapeutic avenues for CI/RI treatment. This review provides an overview of current insights into metabolic reprogramming mechanisms in microglia and astrocytes within the pathophysiological context of CI/RI, along with potential pharmacological targets. Herein, we emphasize the potential of metabolic reprogramming of gliocytes as a therapeutic target for CI/RI and aim to offer a novel perspective in the treatment of CI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Letian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
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Sun XR, Yao ZM, Chen L, Huang J, Dong SY. Metabolic reprogramming regulates microglial polarization and its role in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1065-1078. [PMID: 37339781 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The brain is quite sensitive to changes in energy supply because of its high energetic demand. Even small changes in energy metabolism may be the basis of impaired brain function, leading to the occurrence and development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Abundant evidence supports that metabolic defects of brain energy during the post-reperfusion period, especially low glucose oxidative metabolism and elevated glycolysis levels, which play a crucial role in cerebral I/R pathophysiology. Whereas research on brain energy metabolism dysfunction under the background of cerebral I/R mainly focuses on neurons, the research on the complexity of microglia energy metabolism in cerebral I/R is just emerging. As resident immune cells of the central nervous system, microglia activate rapidly and then transform into an M1 or M2 phenotype to correspond to changes in brain homeostasis during cerebral I/R injury. M1 microglia release proinflammatory factors to promote neuroinflammation, while M2 microglia play a neuroprotective role by secreting anti-inflammatory factors. The abnormal brain microenvironment promotes the metabolic reprogramming of microglia, which further affects the polarization state of microglia and disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of M1/M2, resulting in the aggravation of cerebral I/R injury. Increasing evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming is a key driver of microglial inflammation. For example, M1 microglia preferentially produce energy through glycolysis, while M2 microglia provide energy primarily through oxidative phosphorylation. In this review, we highlight the emerging significance of regulating microglial energy metabolism in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi-Meng Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shu-Ying Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Bengbu, China
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Adhikari Y, Ma CG, Chai Z, Jin X. Preventing development of post-stroke hyperexcitability by optogenetic or pharmacological stimulation of cortical excitatory activity. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106233. [PMID: 37468047 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy, but treatment for preventing the development of post-stroke epilepsy is still unavailable. Since stroke results in neuronal damage and death as well as initial loss of activity in the affected brain region, homeostatic plasticity may be trigged and contribute to an increase in network hyperexcitability that underlies epileptogenesis. Correspondingly, enhancing brain activity may inhibit hyperexcitability from enhanced homeostatic plasticity and prevent post-stroke epileptogenesis. To test these hypotheses, we first used in vivo two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of activity of cortical pyramidal neurons in Thy1-GCaMP6 transgenic mice to determine longitudinal changes in excitatory activity after a photothrombotic ischemic stroke. At 3-days post-stroke, there was a significant loss of neuronal activity in the peri-injury area as indicated by reductions in the frequency of calcium spikes and percentage of active neurons, which recovered to baseline level at day 7, supporting a homeostatic activity regulation of the surviving neurons in the peri-injury area. We further used optogenetic stimulation to specifically stimulate activity of pyramidal neurons in the peri-injury area of Thy-1 channelrhodopsin transgenic mice from day 5 to day 15 after stroke. Using pentylenetetrazole test to evaluate seizure susceptibility, we showed that stroke mice are more susceptible to Racine stage V seizures (time latency 54.3 ± 12.9 min) compared to sham mice (107.1 ± 13.6 min), but optogenetic stimulation reversed the increase in seizure susceptibility (114.0 ± 9.2 min) in mice with stroke. Similarly, administration of D-cycloserine, a partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist that can mildly enhance neuronal activity without causing post-stroke seizure, from day 5 to day 15 after a stroke significantly reversed the increase in seizure susceptibility. The treatment also resulted in an increased survival of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) positive interneurons and a reduced activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive reactive astrocytes. Thus, this study supports the involvement of homeostatic activity regulation in the development of post-stroke hyperexcitability and potential application of activity enhancement as a novel strategy to prevent post-stroke late-onset seizure and epilepsy through regulating cortical homeostatic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Adhikari
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug for the Treatment of Serious Diseases Basing on the Chronic Inflammation/Neurobiology Research Center, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Dergunova LV, Filippenkov IB, Limborska SA, Myasoedov NF. Neuroprotective Peptides and New Strategies for Ischemic Stroke Drug Discoveries. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050953. [PMID: 37239313 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be one of the leading causes of death and disability in the adult population worldwide. The currently used pharmacological methods for the treatment of ischemic stroke are not effective enough and require the search for new tools and approaches to identify therapeutic targets and potential neuroprotectors. Today, in the development of neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of stroke, special attention is paid to peptides. Namely, peptide action is aimed at blocking the cascade of pathological processes caused by a decrease in blood flow to the brain tissues. Different groups of peptides have therapeutic potential in ischemia. Among them are small interfering peptides that block protein-protein interactions, cationic arginine-rich peptides with a combination of various neuroprotective properties, shuttle peptides that ensure the permeability of neuroprotectors through the blood-brain barrier, and synthetic peptides that mimic natural regulatory peptides and hormones. In this review, we consider the latest achievements and trends in the development of new biologically active peptides, as well as the role of transcriptomic analysis in identifying the molecular mechanisms of action of potential drugs aimed at the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Dergunova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan B Filippenkov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay F Myasoedov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Schädlich IS, Winzer R, Stabernack J, Tolosa E, Magnus T, Rissiek B. The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3. [PMID: 36917241 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 shape and balance the inflammatory environment by stepwise degrading extracellular ATP to adenosine which itself has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling properties. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mainly mediated through A1 receptors and inhibition of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, while the anti-inflammatory capacities of adenosine have been primarily attributed to A2A receptor activation on infiltrating immune cells in the subacute phase after stroke. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke, discuss contradictory results, and point out potential pitfalls towards translating therapeutic approaches from rodent stroke models to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sophie Schädlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joschi Stabernack
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhang Y, Shen L, Xie J, Li L, Xi W, Li B, Bai Y, Yao H, Zhang S, Han B. Pushen capsule treatment promotes functional recovery after ischemic stroke. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154664. [PMID: 36682301 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a leading cause of long-term disability, ischemic stroke urgently needs further research and drug development. Pushen capsule (Pushen) has been commonly applied in clinical treatment for relieving headaches, dizziness, and numbness. However, the effects of Pushen on ischemic stroke have not been revealed yet. PURPOSE To assess the efficiency of Pushen in ischemic stroke and identify its potential therapeutic targets and active ingredients for treating ischemic stroke. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Behavioural experiments, Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immunofluorescence staining were performed to examine the efficiency of Pushen in stroke model mice. The potential mechanism and active ingredients of Pushen were assessed by transcriptome, 16S rDNA sequencing, metabonomics, and network pharmacology. Finally, the targets were validated by RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ELISA, and molecular docking methods. RESULTS Pushen had several effects on stroke model mice, including reducing the infarct volume, improving the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), and promoting functional restoration. Furthermore, the network pharmacology, LC-MS/MS, and molecular docking results revealed that tricin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and physcion were identified as the key active ingredients in Pushen that treated ischemic stroke. Mechanistically, these key ingredients could bind with the transcription factor c-Myc and thereby regulate the expression of Adora2a, Drd2, and Ppp1r1b, which are enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway. Additionally, Pushen improved the gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced inosine levels in feces and serum, thereby reducing Adora2a expression in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that Pushen was effective for treating ischemic stroke and has promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wen Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
| | - Shenyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Götz J, Wieters F, Fritz VJ, Käsgen O, Kalantari A, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Temporal and Spatial Gene Expression Profile of Stroke Recovery Genes in Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:454. [PMID: 36833381 PMCID: PMC9956317 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke patients show some degree of spontaneous functional recovery, but this is not sufficient to prevent long-term disability. One promising approach is to characterize the dynamics of stroke recovery genes in the lesion and distant areas. We induced sensorimotor cortex lesions in adult C57BL/6J mice using photothrombosis and performed qPCR on selected brain areas at 14, 28, and 56 days post-stroke (P14-56). Based on the grid walk and rotating beam test, the mice were classified into two groups. The expression of cAMP pathway genes Adora2a, Pde10a, and Drd2, was higher in poor- compared to well-recovered mice in contralesional primary motor cortex (cl-MOp) at P14&56 and cl-thalamus (cl-TH), but lower in cl-striatum (cl-Str) at P14 and cl-primary somatosensory cortex (cl-SSp) at P28. Plasticity and axonal sprouting genes, Lingo1 and BDNF, were decreased in cl-MOp at P14 and cl-Str at P28 and increased in cl-SSp at P28 and cl-Str at P14, respectively. In the cl-TH, Lingo1 was increased, and BDNF decreased at P14. Atrx, also involved in axonal sprouting, was only increased in poor-recovered mice in cl-MOp at P28. The results underline the gene expression dynamics and spatial variability and challenge existing theories of restricted neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Götz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika J. Fritz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivia Käsgen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aref Kalantari
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R. Fink
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Filippenkov IB, Remizova JA, Denisova AE, Stavchansky VV, Golovina KD, Gubsky LV, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Differential gene expression in the contralateral hemisphere of the rat brain after focal ischemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:573. [PMID: 36631528 PMCID: PMC9834327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most severe polygenic brain diseases. Here, we performed further functional genetic analysis of the processes occurring in the contralateral hemisphere (CH) after ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Comparison of RNA sequencing data for subcortical samples from the ipsilateral hemisphere (IH) and CH after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and corresponding sham-operated (SO) controls showed four groups of genes that were associated with ischemic processes in rat brain at 24 h after tMCAO. Among them, 2672 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for IH but non-DEGs for CH, 34 genes were DEGs for CH but non-DEGs for IH, and 114 genes had codirected changes in expression in both hemispheres. The remaining 16 genes exhibited opposite changes at the mRNA level in the two brain hemispheres after tMCAO. These findings suggest that the ischemic process caused by a focal ischemia induces complex bilateral reactions at the transcriptome level in the rat brain. We believe that specific genome responses in the CH and IH may provide a useful model for the study of the potential for brain repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B. Filippenkov
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia A. Remizova
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina E. Denisova
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Stavchansky
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia D. Golovina
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid V. Gubsky
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia ,Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Building 10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V. Dergunova
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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10
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Yamaguchi S, Yoshida M, Horie N, Satoh K, Fukuda Y, Ishizaka S, Ogawa K, Morofuji Y, Hiu T, Izumo T, Kawakami S, Nishida N, Matsuo T. Stem Cell Therapy for Acute/Subacute Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on Intraarterial Stem Cell Transplantation: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010033. [PMID: 36671605 PMCID: PMC9854681 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke holds great promise for the treatment of neurological impairment and has moved from the laboratory into early clinical trials. The mechanism of action of stem cell therapy includes the bystander effect and cell replacement. The bystander effect plays an important role in the acute to subacute phase, and cell replacement plays an important role in the subacute to chronic phase. Intraarterial (IA) transplantation is less invasive than intraparenchymal transplantation and can provide more cells in the affected brain region than intravenous transplantation. However, transplanted cell migration was reported to be insufficient, and few transplanted cells were retained in the brain for an extended period. Therefore, the bystander effect was considered the main mechanism of action of IA stem cell transplantation. In most clinical trials, IA transplantation was performed during the acute and subacute phases. Although clinical trials of IA transplantation demonstrated safety, they did not demonstrate satisfactory efficacy in improving patient outcomes. To increase efficacy, increased migration of transplanted cells and production of long surviving and effective stem cells would be crucial. Given the lack of knowledge on this subject, we review and summarize the mechanisms of action of transplanted stem cells and recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies to provide information and guidance for further advancement of acute/subacute phase IA stem cell transplantation therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sasebo General Hospital, Nagasaki 857-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-095-819-7375
| | - Michiharu Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sasebo General Hospital, Nagasaki 857-8511, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Horie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Occupational Therapy Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yuutaka Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishizaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koki Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoichi Morofuji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Izumo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Informatics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nishida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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11
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Beker MC, Pence ME, Yagmur S, Caglayan B, Caglayan A, Kilic U, Yelkenci HE, Altintas MO, Caglayan AB, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Phosphodiesterase 10A deactivation induces long-term neurological recovery, Peri-infarct remodeling and pyramidal tract plasticity after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114221. [PMID: 36075453 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily comprises enzymes responsible for the cAMP and cGMP degradation to AMP and GMP. PDEs are abundant in the brain, where they are involved in several neuronal functions. High PDE10A abundance was previously observed in the striatum; however its consequences for stroke recovery were unknown. Herein, we evaluated the effects of PDE10A deactivation by TAK-063 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg, initiated 72 h post-stroke) in mice exposed to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that PDE10A deactivation over up to eight weeks dose-dependently increased long-term neuronal survival, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis in the peri-infarct striatum, which represents the core of the middle cerebral artery territory, and reduced astroglial scar formation, whole brain atrophy and, more specifically, striatal atrophy. Functional motor-coordination recovery and the long-distance plasticity of pyramidal tract axons, which originate from the contralesional motor cortex and descend through the contralesional striatum to innervate the ipsilesional facial nucleus, were enhanced by PDE10A deactivation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed a set of dopamine receptor-related and neuronal plasticity-related PDE10A targets, which were elevated (e.g., protein phosphatase-1 regulatory subunit 1B) or reduced (e.g., serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1α, β-synuclein, proteasome subunit α2) by PDE10A deactivation. Our results identify PDE10A as a therapeutic target that critically controls post-ischemic brain tissue remodeling and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahmud E Pence
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyya Yagmur
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Genetics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Caglayan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayriye E Yelkenci
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet O Altintas
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Higo N. Motor Cortex Plasticity During Functional Recovery Following Brain Damage. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2022.p0700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although brain damage causes functional impairment, it is often followed by partial or total recovery of function. Recovery is believed to occur primarily because of brain plasticity. Both human and animal studies have significantly contributed to uncovering the neuronal basis of plasticity. Recent advances in brain imaging technology have enabled the investigation of plastic changes in living human brains. In addition, animal experiments have revealed detailed changes at the neural and genetic levels. In this review, plasticity in motor-related areas of the cerebral cortex, which is one of the most well-studied areas of the neocortex in terms of plasticity, is reviewed. In addition, the potential of technological interventions to enhance plasticity and promote functional recovery following brain damage is discussed. Novel neurorehabilitation technologies are expected to be established based on the emerging research on plasticity from the last several decades.
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13
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Luo F, Wang J, Zhang Z, You Z, Bedolla A, Okwubido-Williams F, Huang LF, Silver J, Luo Y. Inhibition of CSPG receptor PTPσ promotes migration of newly born neuroblasts, axonal sprouting, and recovery from stroke. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111137. [PMID: 35905716 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to neuroprotective strategies, neuroregenerative processes could provide targets for stroke recovery. However, the upregulation of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) impedes innate regenerative efforts. Here, we examine the regulatory role of PTPσ (a major proteoglycan receptor) in dampening post-stroke recovery. Use of a receptor modulatory peptide (ISP) or Ptprs gene deletion leads to increased neurite outgrowth and enhanced NSCs migration upon inhibitory CSPG substrates. Post-stroke ISP treatment results in increased axonal sprouting as well as neuroblast migration deeply into the lesion scar with a transcriptional signature reflective of repair. Lastly, peptide treatment post-stroke (initiated acutely or more chronically at 7 days) results in improved behavioral recovery in both motor and cognitive functions. Therefore, we propose that CSPGs induced by stroke play a predominant role in the regulation of neural repair and that blocking CSPG signaling pathways will lead to enhanced neurorepair and functional recovery in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fucheng Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhen You
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - FearGod Okwubido-Williams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - L Frank Huang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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14
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Chen YP, Wang KX, Cai JQ, Li Y, Yu HL, Wu Q, Meng W, Wang H, Yin CH, Wu J, Huang MB, Li R, Guan DG. Detecting Key Functional Components Group and Speculating the Potential Mechanism of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction in Treating Stroke. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:753425. [PMID: 35646921 PMCID: PMC9136080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.753425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a cerebrovascular event with cerebral blood flow interruption which is caused by occlusion or bursting of cerebral vessels. At present, the main methods in treating stroke are surgical treatment, statins, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA). Relatively, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has widely been used at clinical level in China and some countries in Asia. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is a classical and widely used prescription in treating stroke in China. However, the material basis of effect and the action principle of XXMD are still not clear. To solve this issue, we designed a new system pharmacology strategy that combined targets of XXMD and the pathogenetic genes of stroke to construct a functional response space (FRS). The effective proteins from this space were determined by using a novel node importance calculation method, and then the key functional components group (KFCG) that could mediate the effective proteins was selected based on the dynamic programming strategy. The results showed that enriched pathways of effective proteins selected from FRS could cover 99.10% of enriched pathways of reference targets, which were defined by overlapping of component targets and pathogenetic genes. Targets of optimized KFCG with 56 components can be enriched into 166 pathways that covered 80.43% of 138 pathways of 1,012 pathogenetic genes. A component potential effect score (PES) calculation model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive effective score of components in the components-targets-pathways (C-T-P) network of KFCGs, and showed that ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid had the highest PESs. Prediction and docking simulations show that these components can affect stroke synergistically through genes such as MEK, NFκB, and PI3K in PI3K-Akt, cAMP, and MAPK cascade signals. Finally, ferulic acid, zingerone, and vanillic acid were tested to be protective for PC12 cells and HT22 cells in increasing cell viabilities after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Our proposed strategy could improve the accuracy on decoding KFCGs of XXMD and provide a methodologic reference for the optimization, mechanism analysis, and secondary development of the formula in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-peng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-xin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, National Key Clinical Specialty/Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Neurosurgery Institute, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-qi Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-lang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Handuo Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-hui Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-bo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
| | - Dao-gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Mian-bo Huang, ; Rong Li, ; Dao-gang Guan,
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15
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Reactive Astrocytes Prevent Maladaptive Plasticity after Ischemic Stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 209:102199. [PMID: 34921928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Restoration of functional connectivity is a major contributor to functional recovery after stroke. We investigated the role of reactive astrocytes in functional connectivity and recovery after photothrombotic stroke in mice with attenuated reactive gliosis (GFAP-/-Vim-/-). Infarct volume and longitudinal functional connectivity changes were determined by in vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting-state functional MRI. Sensorimotor function was assessed with behavioral tests, and glial and neural plasticity responses were quantified in the peri-infarct region. Four weeks after stroke, GFAP-/-Vim-/- mice showed impaired recovery of sensorimotor function and aberrant restoration of global neuronal connectivity. These mice also exhibited maladaptive plasticity responses, shown by higher number of lost and newly formed functional connections between primary and secondary targets of cortical stroke regions and increased peri-infarct expression of the axonal plasticity marker Gap43. We conclude that reactive astrocytes modulate recovery-promoting plasticity responses after ischemic stroke.
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16
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Kerr AL. Contralesional plasticity following constraint-induced movement therapy benefits outcome: contributions of the intact hemisphere to functional recovery. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:269-283. [PMID: 34761646 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A common, chronic deficit after stroke is upper limb impairment, which can be exacerbated by compensatory use of the nonparetic limb. Resulting in learned nonuse of the paretic limb, compensatory reliance on the nonparetic limb can be discouraged with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). CIMT is a rehabilitative strategy that may promote functional recovery of the paretic limb in both acute and chronic stroke patients through intensive practice of the paretic limb combined with binding, or otherwise preventing activation of, the nonparetic limb during daily living exercises. The neural mechanisms that support CIMT have been described in the lesioned hemisphere, but there is a less thorough understanding of the contralesional changes that support improved functional outcome following CIMT. Using both human and non-human animal studies, the current review explores the role of the contralesional hemisphere in functional recovery of stroke as it relates to CIMT. Current findings point to a need for a better understanding of the functional significance of contralesional changes, which may be determined by lesion size, location, and severity as well stroke chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Kerr
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Illinois Wesleyan University, 1312 Park Street, Bloomington, IL 61701, USA
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17
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Beker MC, Caglayan AB, Altunay S, Ozbay E, Ates N, Kelestemur T, Caglayan B, Kilic U, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Critical Target for Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:574-589. [PMID: 34735672 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) hydrolyzes adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). It is highly expressed in the striatum. Recent evidence implied that PDE10A may be involved in the inflammatory processes following injury, such as ischemic stroke. Its role in ischemic injury was unknown. Herein, we exposed mice to 90 or 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by the delivery of the highly selective PDE10A inhibitor TAK-063 (0.3 mg/kg or 3 mg/kg) immediately after reperfusion. Animals were sacrificed after 24 or 72 h, respectively. Both TAK-063 doses enhanced neurological function, reduced infarct volume, increased neuronal survival, reduced brain edema, and increased blood-brain barrier integrity, alongside cerebral microcirculation improvements. Post-ischemic neuroprotection was associated with increased phosphorylation (i.e., activation) of pro-survival Akt, Erk-1/2, GSK-3α/β and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL abundance, decreased phosphorylation of pro-survival mTOR, and HIF-1α, MMP-9 and pro-apoptotic Bax abundance. Interestingly, PDE10A inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, including IFN-γ and TNF-α, analyzed by planar surface immunoassay. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed 40 proteins were significantly altered by TAK-063. Our study established PDE10A as a target for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa C Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet B Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Physiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altunay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozbay
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ates
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Caglayan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Aswendt M, Green C, Sadler R, Llovera G, Dzikowski L, Heindl S, Gomez de Agüero M, Diedenhofen M, Vogel S, Wieters F, Wiedermann D, Liesz A, Hoehn M. The gut microbiota modulates brain network connectivity under physiological conditions and after acute brain ischemia. iScience 2021; 24:103095. [PMID: 34622150 PMCID: PMC8479691 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been implicated as a key regulator of brain function in health and disease. But the impact of gut microbiota on functional brain connectivity is unknown. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in germ-free and normally colonized mice under naive conditions and after ischemic stroke. We observed a strong, brain-wide increase of functional connectivity in germ-free animals. Graph theoretical analysis revealed significant higher values in germ-free animals, indicating a stronger and denser global network but with less structural organization. Breakdown of network function after stroke equally affected germ-free and colonized mice. Results from histological analyses showed changes in dendritic spine densities, as well as an immature microglial phenotype, indicating impaired microglia-neuron interaction in germ-free mice as potential cause of this phenomenon. These results demonstrate the substantial impact of bacterial colonization on brain-wide function and extend our so far mainly (sub) cellular understanding of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia Green
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sadler
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gemma Llovera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Dzikowski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius-Maximilians University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vogel
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen Strasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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19
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Abstract
This review summarizes the available data about genetic factors which can link ischemic stroke and sleep. Sleep patterns (subjective and objective measures) are characterized by heritability and comprise up to 38-46%. According to Mendelian randomization analysis, genetic liability for short sleep duration and frequent insomnia symptoms is associated with ischemic stroke (predominantly of large artery subtype). The potential genetic links include variants of circadian genes, genes encoding components of neurotransmitter systems, common cardiovascular risk factors, as well as specific genetic factors related to certain sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Korostovtseva
- Sleep Laboratory, Research Department for Hypertension, Department for Cardiology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratov Str., Saint Petersburg, 197341, Russia.
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20
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Li J, Pan L, Pembroke WG, Rexach JE, Godoy MI, Condro MC, Alvarado AG, Harteni M, Chen YW, Stiles L, Chen AY, Wanner IB, Yang X, Goldman SA, Geschwind DH, Kornblum HI, Zhang Y. Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3958. [PMID: 34172753 PMCID: PMC8233314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. Most knowledge on astrocyte biology is based on studies of mouse models and the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are insufficiently characterized, presenting a barrier in translational research. Based on analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we find extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse samples. However, the genes involved in defense response and metabolism show species-specific differences. Human astrocytes exhibit greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondrial physiology and detoxification pathways. In addition, we find that mouse but not human astrocytes activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia, whereas human but not mouse astrocytes activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. Here, we show species-dependent properties of astrocytes, which can be informative for improving translation from mouse models to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Pan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William G Pembroke
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica E Rexach
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlesa I Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mineli Harteni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yen-Wei Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela Y Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ina B Wanner
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine and Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Brain Research Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Hsu CG, Fazal F, Rahman A, Berk BC, Yan C. Phosphodiesterase 10A Is a Key Mediator of Lung Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:3010-3020. [PMID: 34117108 PMCID: PMC8664899 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are important regulators of immune cell functions. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cAMP and/or cGMP and, thus, play crucial roles in cyclic nucleotide homeostasis. Abnormal alterations of PDE expression have been implicated in several diseases. To understand the function of PDEs in macrophages, we screened for all PDE genes in both peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from C57BL/6J mice and found that PDE4B and PDE10A are highly induced by LPS. A number of PDE4 inhibitors have been used clinically for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. However, the role of PDE10A in inflammation is still poorly understood. We therefore investigated the role of PDE10A in macrophage inflammatory response in vitro and acute lung inflammation in vivo. We found that LPS induces a sustained PDE10A expression in macrophages, which is different from a transient induction by PDE4B. PDE10A inhibition blocked LPS-induced MCP-1 expression, but not TNF-α, whereas PDE4B inhibition blocked LPS-induced TNF-α expression, but not MCP-1. In addition, PDE10A inhibition or deficiency decreased LPS-induced HIF-1α protein expression and subsequently suppressed MCP-1 expression. In vivo, PDE10A expression was also elevated in lung tissue after LPS exposure. Global PDE10A knockout or systemic administration of the PDE10A inhibitor TP-10 in mice significantly suppressed inflammatory molecule levels in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as inflammatory cell infiltration. These findings show that PDE10A plays a critical role in lung inflammation by promoting the activation of resident macrophages and infiltration of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia George Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Fabeha Fazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Bradford C Berk
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
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22
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Cao Z, Harvey SS, Chiang T, Foltz AG, Lee AG, Cheng MY, Steinberg GK. Unique Subtype of Microglia in Degenerative Thalamus After Cortical Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:687-698. [PMID: 33412903 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke disrupts neuronal functions in both local and remotely connected regions, leading to network-wide deficits that can hinder recovery. The thalamus is particularly affected, with progressive development of neurodegeneration accompanied by inflammatory responses. However, the complexity of the involved inflammatory responses is poorly understood. Herein we investigated the spatiotemporal changes in the secondary degenerative thalamus after cortical stroke, using targeted transcriptome approach in conjunction with histology and flow cytometry. METHODS Cortical ischemic stroke was generated by permanent occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery in male C57BL6J mice. Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammatory responses, and microglial activation were examined in naive and stroke mice at from poststroke days (PD) 1 to 84, in both ipsilesional somatosensory cortex and ipsilesional thalamus. NanoString neuropathology panel (780 genes) was used to examine transcriptome changes at PD7 and PD28. Fluorescence activated cell sorting was used to collect CD11c+ microglia from ipsilesional thalamus, and gene expressions were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Neurodegeneration in the thalamus was detected at PD7 and progressively worsened by PD28. This was accompanied by rapid microglial activation detected as early as PD1, which preceded the neurodegenerative changes. Transcriptome analysis showed higher number of differentially expressed genes in ipsilesional thalamus at PD28. Notably, neuroinflammation was the top activated pathway, and microglia was the most enriched cell type. Itgax (CD11c) was the most significantly increased gene, and its expression was highly detected in microglia. Flow-sorted CD11c+ microglia from degenerative thalamus indicated molecular signatures similar to neurodegenerative disease-associated microglia; these included downregulated Tmem119 and CX3CR1 and upregulated ApoE, Axl, LpL, CSF1, and Cst7. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the dynamic changes of microglia after stroke and highlight the importance of investigating stroke network-wide deficits. Importantly, we report the existence of a unique subtype of microglia (CD11c+) with neurodegenerative disease-associated microglia features in the degenerative thalamus after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Sean S Harvey
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Terrance Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Aulden G Foltz
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Alex G Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco (A.G.L.)
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.,Stanford Stroke Center (Z.C., S.S.H., T.C., A.G.F., M.Y.C., G.K.S.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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23
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Wieters F, Aswendt M. Structural integrity and remodeling underlying functional recovery after stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1423-1424. [PMID: 33318437 PMCID: PMC8284267 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frederique Wieters
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, Cologne; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Germany
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24
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A Review of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Stroke: Pathology and Mechanisms. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4218-4231. [PMID: 32691303 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, survivors experience motor dysfunction and deterioration of memory and cognition. These symptoms are associated with the disruption of normal neuronal function, i.e., the secretion of neurotrophic factors, interhemispheric connections, and synaptic activity, and hence the disruption of the normal neural circuit. Exercise is considered an effective and feasible rehabilitation strategy for improving cognitive and motor recovery following ischemic stroke through the facilitation of neuroplasticity. In this review, our aim was to discuss the mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity improves motor function and cognitive ability after ischemic stroke. The associated mechanisms include increases in neurotrophins, improvements in synaptic structure and function, the enhancement of interhemispheric connections, the promotion of neural regeneration, the acceleration of neural function reorganization, and the facilitation of compensation beyond the infarcted tissue. We also discuss some common exercise strategies and a novel exercise therapy, robot-assisted movement, which might be widely applied in the clinic to help stroke patients in the future.
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25
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Aswendt M, Pallast N, Wieters F, Baues M, Hoehn M, Fink GR. Lesion Size- and Location-Dependent Recruitment of Contralesional Thalamus and Motor Cortex Facilitates Recovery after Stroke in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:87-97. [PMID: 32166716 PMCID: PMC7803721 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain lesions caused by cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage lead to a local breakdown of energy homeostasis followed by irreversible cell death and long-term impairment. Importantly, local brain lesions also generate remote functional and structural disturbances, which contribute to the behavioral deficit but also impact the recovery of function. While spontaneous recovery has been associated with endogenous repair mechanisms at the vascular, neural, and immune cell levels, the impact of structural plasticity on sensory-motor dysfunction and recovery thereof remains to be elucidated by longitudinal imaging in a mouse model. Here, we applied behavioral assessments, in vivo fiber tracking, and histological validation in a photothrombotic stroke mouse model. Atlas-based whole-brain structural connectivity analysis and ex vivo histology revealed secondary neurodegeneration in the ipsilesional brain areas, mostly in the dorsal sensorimotor area of the thalamus. Furthermore, we describe for the first time a lesion size-dependent increase in structural connectivity between the contralesional primary motor cortex and thalamus with the ipsilesional cortex. The involvement of the contralesional hemisphere was associated with improved functional recovery relative to lesion size. This study highlights the importance of in vivo fiber tracking and the role of the contralesional hemisphere during spontaneous functional improvement as a potential novel stroke biomarker and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse, 62 50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany.
| | - Niklas Pallast
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse, 62 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse, 62 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mayan Baues
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse, 62 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse, 62 50937, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
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26
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Dynamic Alterations of Brain Injury, Functional Recovery, and Metabolites Profile after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats Contributes to Potential Biomarkers. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:667-676. [PMID: 31907865 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is characterized by initial transient cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion. Various pathophysiological processes are involved in brain injury and functional recovery during cerebral I/R. There are few studies on dynamic metabolic process after cerebral I/R. The present study was to observe dynamic alteration of brain injury, functional recovery, and metabolites after cerebral I/R in rats and discover potential metabolic markers. The cerebral I/R model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min, following reperfusion in rats. The results of cerebral infarction area, cerebral edema, and behavior test showed that there were dynamic changes in brain injury and functional recovery at different periods after cerebral I/R. Further analysis showed that the brain injury was severe on the first day of cerebral I/R, and there was a significant functional recovery from the 7th day of cerebral I/R, followed by an aggravation trend of brain injury from the days 7 to 28. Furthermore, Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging analysis showed that the expression of ATP, glucose, and citric acid on 7th day was the highest during cerebral I/R, which indicated that energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation played important roles during cerebral I/R. In addition, the untargeted metabolomic results showed that the level of isocitric acid, the ratio of oxyglutaric acid/glutamic acid, and the level of pyruvic acid associated with the TCA cycle were also the highest on the 7th day during cerebral I/R, which indicated that the transient spontaneous recovery of ischemic brain on the 7th day after ischemia-reperfusion might be related to oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism in the brain in this period. In conclusion, the results suggest that some small molecule metabolites participate in the brain injury and functional recovery during cerebral I/R, which is of great significance to the development of therapeutic drugs and diagnostic markers.
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27
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Sequential Transcriptome Changes in the Penumbra after Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246349. [PMID: 31888302 PMCID: PMC6940916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes in the expression of specific genes that occur during the acute-to-chronic post-stroke phase, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between naive cortical tissues and peri-infarct tissues at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after photothrombotic stroke. The profiles of DEGs were subjected to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology analyses, followed by string analysis of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of the products of these genes. We found 3771, 536, and 533 DEGs at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after stroke, respectively. A marked decrease in biological-process categories, such as brain development and memory, and a decrease in neurotransmitter synaptic and signaling pathways were observed 1 week after stroke. The PPI analysis showed the downregulation of Dlg4, Bdnf, Gria1, Rhoa, Mapk8, and glutamatergic receptors. An increase in biological-process categories, including cell population proliferation, cell adhesion, and inflammatory responses, was detected at 4 and 8 weeks post-stroke. The KEGG pathways of complement and coagulation cascades, phagosomes, antigen processing, and antigen presentation were also altered. CD44, C1, Fcgr2b, Spp1, and Cd74 occupied a prominent position in network analyses. These time-dependent changes in gene profiles reveal the unique pathophysiological characteristics of stroke and suggest new therapeutic targets for this disease.
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28
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Goubran M, Leuze C, Hsueh B, Aswendt M, Ye L, Tian Q, Cheng MY, Crow A, Steinberg GK, McNab JA, Deisseroth K, Zeineh M. Multimodal image registration and connectivity analysis for integration of connectomic data from microscopy to MRI. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5504. [PMID: 31796741 PMCID: PMC6890789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
3D histology, slice-based connectivity atlases, and diffusion MRI are common techniques to map brain wiring. While there are many modality-specific tools to process these data, there is a lack of integration across modalities. We develop an automated resource that combines histologically cleared volumes with connectivity atlases and MRI, enabling the analysis of histological features across multiple fiber tracts and networks, and their correlation with in-vivo biomarkers. We apply our pipeline in a murine stroke model, demonstrating not only strong correspondence between MRI abnormalities and CLARITY-tissue staining, but also uncovering acute cellular effects in areas connected to the ischemic core. We provide improved maps of connectivity by quantifying projection terminals from CLARITY viral injections, and integrate diffusion MRI with CLARITY viral tracing to compare connectivity maps across scales. Finally, we demonstrate tract-level histological changes of stroke through this multimodal integration. This resource can propel investigations of network alterations underlying neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA.
| | - Christoph Leuze
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Brian Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Michelle Y Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Ailey Crow
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Jennifer A McNab
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- CNC Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Michael Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94035, USA.
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29
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Pallast N, Wieters F, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Atlas-based imaging data analysis tool for quantitative mouse brain histology (AIDAhisto). J Neurosci Methods 2019; 326:108394. [PMID: 31415844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.108394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell counting in neuroscience is a routine method of utmost importance to support descriptive in vivo findings with quantitative data on the cellular level. Although known to be error- and bias-prone, manual cell counting of histological stained brain slices remains the gold standard in the field. While the manual approach is limited to small regions-of-interest in the brain, automated tools are needed to up-scale translational approaches and generate whole mouse brain counts in an atlas framework. Our goal was to develop an algorithm which requires no pre-training such as machine learning algorithms, only minimal user input, and adjustable variables to obtain reliable cell counting results for stitched mouse brain slices registered to a common atlas such as the Allen Mouse Brain atlas. We adapted filter banks to extract the maxima from round-shaped cell nuclei and various cell structures. In a qualitative as well as quantitative comparison to other tools and two expert raters, AIDAhisto provides accurate and fast results for cell nuclei as well as immunohistochemical stainings of various types of cells in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Pallast
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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31
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Pallast N, Diedenhofen M, Blaschke S, Wieters F, Wiedermann D, Hoehn M, Fink GR, Aswendt M. Processing Pipeline for Atlas-Based Imaging Data Analysis of Structural and Functional Mouse Brain MRI (AIDAmri). Front Neuroinform 2019; 13:42. [PMID: 31231202 PMCID: PMC6559195 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key technology in multimodal animal studies of brain connectivity and disease pathology. In vivo MRI provides non-invasive, whole brain macroscopic images containing structural and functional information, thereby complementing invasive in vivo high-resolution microscopy and ex vivo molecular techniques. Brain mapping, the correlation of corresponding regions between multiple brains in a standard brain atlas system, is widely used in human MRI. For small animal MRI, however, there is no scientific consensus on pre-processing strategies and atlas-based neuroinformatics. Thus, it remains difficult to compare and validate results from different pre-clinical studies which were processed using custom-made code or individual adjustments of clinical MRI software and without a standard brain reference atlas. Here, we describe AIDAmri, a novel Atlas-based Imaging Data Analysis pipeline to process structural and functional mouse brain data including anatomical MRI, fiber tracking using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional connectivity analysis using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). The AIDAmri pipeline includes automated pre-processing steps, such as raw data conversion, skull-stripping and bias-field correction as well as image registration with the Allen Mouse Brain Reference Atlas (ARA). Following a modular structure developed in Python scripting language, the pipeline integrates established and newly developed algorithms. Each processing step was optimized for efficient data processing requiring minimal user-input and user programming skills. The raw data is analyzed and results transferred to the ARA coordinate system in order to allow an efficient and highly-accurate region-based analysis. AIDAmri is intended to fill the gap of a missing open-access and cross-platform toolbox for the most relevant mouse brain MRI sequences thereby facilitating data processing in large cohorts and multi-center studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Pallast
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaschke
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederique Wieters
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus Aswendt
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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