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Gang SQ, Liu ZY, Wu SX, Yang S, Wang R, Du JL. A stable Zr(IV)-MOF for efficient removal of trace SO 2 from flue gas in dry and humid conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134180. [PMID: 38569342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining suitable adsorbents for selective separation of SO2 from flue gas still remains an important issue. A stable Zr(IV)-MOF (Zr-PTBA) can be conveniently synthesized through the self-assembly of a tetracarboxylic acid ligand (H4L = 4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanetriyl))tetrabenzoic acid) and ZrCl4 in the presence of trace water. It exhibits a three-dimensional porous structure. The BET surface area is 1112.72 m2/g and the average pore size distribution focus on 5.9, 8.0 and 9.3 Å. Interestingly, Zr-PTBA shows selective adsorption of SO2. The maximum uptake reaches 223.21 cm3/g at ambient condition. While it exhibits lower adsorption uptake of CO2 (30.50 cm3/g) and hardly adsorbs O2 (2.57 cm3/g) and N2 (1.31 cm3/g). Higher IAST selectivities of SO2/CO2 (21.9), SO2/N2 (912.7), SO2/O2 (2269.9) and SO2/CH4 (85.0) have been obtained, which reveal its' excellent gas separation performance. Breakthrough experiment further confirms its application for flue gas deep desulfurization both in dry and humid conditions. Furthermore, the gas adsorption results and mechanisms have also been studied by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qi Gang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province (No. 22567635H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zi-Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province (No. 22567635H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Su-Xia Wu
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China
| | - Shu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province (No. 22567635H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, China.
| | - Jian-Long Du
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province (No. 22567635H), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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2
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Chang C, Gupta R, Sedighian F, Louie A, Gonzalez DM, Le C, Cho JM, Park SK, Castellanos J, Ting TW, Dong TS, Arias-Jayo N, Lagishetty V, Navab M, Reddy S, Sioutas C, Hsiai T, Jacobs JP, Araujo JA. Subchronic inhalation exposure to ultrafine particulate matter alters the intestinal microbiome in various mouse models. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118242. [PMID: 38242419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) has been associated with multiple adverse health effects. Inhaled UFPs could reach the gastrointestinal tract and influence the composition of the gut microbiome. We have previously shown that oral ingestion of UFPs alters the gut microbiome and promotes intestinal inflammation in hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- mice. Particulate matter (PM)2.5 inhalation studies have also demonstrated microbiome shifts in normolipidemic C57BL/6 mice. However, it is not known whether changes in microbiome precede or follow inflammatory effects in the intestinal mucosa. We hypothesized that inhaled UFPs modulate the gut microbiome prior to the development of intestinal inflammation. We studied the effects of UFP inhalation on the gut microbiome and intestinal mucosa in two hyperlipidemic mouse models (ApoE-/- mice and Ldlr-/- mice) and normolipidemic C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed to PM in the ultrafine-size range by inhalation for 6 h a day, 3 times a week for 10 weeks at a concentration of 300-350 μg/m3.16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize sequential changes in the fecal microbiome during exposures, and changes in the intestinal microbiome at the end. PM exposure led to progressive differentiation of the microbiota over time, associated with increased fecal microbial richness and evenness, altered microbial composition, and differentially abundant microbes by week 10 depending on the mouse model. Cross-sectional analysis of the small intestinal microbiome at week 10 showed significant changes in α-diversity, β-diversity, and abundances of individual microbial taxa in the two hyperlipidemic models. These alterations of the intestinal microbiome were not accompanied, and therefore could not be caused, by increased intestinal inflammation as determined by histological analysis of small and large intestine, cytokine gene expression, and levels of fecal lipocalin. In conclusion, 10-week inhalation exposures to UFPs induced taxonomic changes in the microbiome of various animal models in the absence of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sedighian
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allen Louie
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David M Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Collin Le
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jae Min Cho
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Castellanos
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - To-Wei Ting
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nerea Arias-Jayo
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivasa Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California (USC) Viterbi School of Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yañez-Aulestia A, López-Cervantes VB, Esparza-Schulz JM, Solis-Ibarra D, Ibarra IA, Cordero-Sánchez S, Sánchez-González E, Ojeda-López R. SO 2 capture and detection with carbon microfibers (CMFs) synthesised from polyacrylonitrile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3970-3973. [PMID: 38501603 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04437h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
SO2 emissions not only affect local air quality but can also contribute to other environmental issues. Developing low-cost and robust adsorbents with high uptake and selectivity is needed to reduce SO2 emissions. Here, we show the SO2 adsorption-desorption capacity of carbon microfibers (CMFs) at 298 K. CMFs showed a reversible SO2 uptake capacity (5 mmol g-1), cyclability over ten adsorption cycles with fast kinetics and good selectivity towards SO2/CO2 at low-pressure values. Additionally, CMFs' photoluminescence response to SO2 and CO2 was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yañez-Aulestia
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City, CDMX 09310, Mexico.
| | - Valeria B López-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J Marcos Esparza-Schulz
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City, CDMX 09310, Mexico.
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- On sabbatical as "Catedra Dr Douglas Hugh Everett" at Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1ra Seccion, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Salomón Cordero-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City, CDMX 09310, Mexico.
| | - Elí Sánchez-González
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Reyna Ojeda-López
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica de Superficies, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Mexico City, CDMX 09310, Mexico.
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4
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Ritz BR. A Long Way from Steubenville: Environmental Epidemiology in a Rapidly Changing World. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1811-1819. [PMID: 35166328 PMCID: PMC11043788 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary focuses on research that has long been at the core of environmental epidemiology: studies of the health effects of air pollution. It highlights publications in the American Journal of Epidemiology going back more than 50 years that have contributed to the debate about the validity of this research and its meaning for public policy. Technological advances have greatly expanded the toolbox of environmental epidemiologists in terms of measuring and analyzing complex exposures in large populations. Yet, discussions about biases in estimating air pollution health effects have always been and remain intense. Epidemiologists have brought new methodologies and concepts to this research, alleviating some but not all concerns. Here, the focus is on seminal epidemiologic work that established valid links between air pollution exposures and health outcomes and generated data for environmental policies and prevention. With this commentary, I hope to inspire epidemiologists to address many more of the burning environmental health questions-wildfires included-with a similar scientific doggedness. The rapidly changing conditions of our planet are challenging us to innovate and offer solutions, albeit perhaps a little bit faster this time around.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate R Ritz
- Correspondence to Dr. Beate Ritz, Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 (e-mail: )
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5
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Luan M, Tao Z, Yuan H. Alive but not well: The neglected cost of air pollution. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:2535-2567. [PMID: 37469116 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Besides medical expenses, hospitalizations associated with air pollution will incur the welfare loss due to activity restrictions and the wage loss due to inability to work. We fill in the gap in the literature by examining the impact of air pollution on volume and intensity of hospitalizations, which allows us to incorporate the welfare loss and the wage loss. Using a data set that covers most of the inpatients in a major Chinese city during 2015-16, we find that worse air quality causes more hospital admissions, more total inpatient days, and higher total inpatient expenditure for various diseases, particularly diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. We also find that there would be an underestimate of the loss from air pollution if we had ignored the loss associated with activity restrictions and the wage loss during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Luan
- Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Tao
- Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Economics and Management School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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López-Cervantes VB, Kim DW, Obeso JL, Martínez-Ahumada E, Amador-Sánchez YA, Sánchez-González E, Leyva C, Hong CS, Ibarra IA, Solis-Ibarra D. Detection of SO 2 using a chemically stable Ni(II)-MOF. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12471-12475. [PMID: 37462135 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02936k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The MOF-type Ni2(dobpdc) shows a high chemical stability towards SO2, high capacity for SO2 capture at low pressure (4.3 mmol g-1 at 298 K and up to 0.05 bar), and exceptional cycling performance. Fluorescence experiments demonstrated the SO2 detection properties of Ni2(dobpdc) with a remarkable SO2 detection selectivity. Finally, time-resolved photoluminescence experiments provided a plausible mechanism of SO2 detection by this Ni(II)-based MOF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B López-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juan L Obeso
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694 Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Yoarhy A Amador-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Elí Sánchez-González
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Leyva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA U. Legaria, Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología y Gestión Integrada del Agua (LNAgua), Legaria 694 Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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7
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Tulbah AS. In vitro bio-characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles of favipiravir in A549 human lung epithelial cancer cells. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1076-1086. [PMID: 36994222 PMCID: PMC10040896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In lung cancer treatment, nebulized solid lipid nanoparticles may be a viable drug delivery method, helping the drug reach sites of action, and improving its inhalation efficiency and pulmonary deposition. This research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of solid lipid nanoparticles of favipiravir (Fav-SLNps) in facilitating drug delivery to sites of action in lung cancer treatment. Methods The hot-evaporation method was used to formulate Fav-SLNps. The in vitro cell viability, anti-cancer effects, and cellular uptake activity were evaluated in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells treated with the Fav-SLNp formulation. Results The Fav-SLNps were formulated successfully. Importantly, Fav-SLNps at a concentration of 322.6 μg/ml were found to be safe and non-toxic toward A549 cells in vitro. The formulation had potential anti-proliferative properties via increasing the proportions of cells in G2/M and G0/G1 phases to 1.20 and 1.13 times those in untreated cells. Additionally, Fav-SLNp treatment significantly induced necrosis in A549 cells. Furthermore, the use of SLNps in the Fav formulation resulted in a macrophage drug uptake 1.23 times that of the free drug. Conclusion Our results confirmed the internalization and anti-cancer activity of the Fav-SLNp formulation in the A549 lung cancer cell line. Our findings suggest that Fav-SLNps could potentially be used as lung cancer treatment to facilitate drug delivery to sites of action in the lungs.
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Chakrabortty R, Pal SC, Ghosh M, Arabameri A, Saha A, Roy P, Pradhan B, Mondal A, Ngo PTT, Chowdhuri I, Yunus AP, Sahana M, Malik S, Das B. Weather indicators and improving air quality in association with COVID-19 pandemic in India. Soft comput 2023; 27:3367-3388. [PMID: 34276248 PMCID: PMC8276232 DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic enforced nationwide lockdown, which has restricted human activities from March 24 to May 3, 2020, resulted in an improved air quality across India. The present research investigates the connection between COVID-19 pandemic-imposed lockdown and its relation to the present air quality in India; besides, relationship between climate variables and daily new affected cases of Coronavirus and mortality in India during the this period has also been examined. The selected seven air quality pollutant parameters (PM10, PM2.5, CO, NO2, SO2, NH3, and O3) at 223 monitoring stations and temperature recorded in New Delhi were used to investigate the spatial pattern of air quality throughout the lockdown. The results showed that the air quality has improved across the country and average temperature and maximum temperature were connected to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This outcomes indicates that there is no such relation between climatic parameters and outbreak and its associated mortality. This study will assist the policy maker, researcher, urban planner, and health expert to make suitable strategies against the spreading of COVID-19 in India and abroad. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00500-021-06012-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Chakrabortty
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Manoranjan Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Sustainable Innovative Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal India
| | - Alireza Arabameri
- Department of Geomorphology, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116 Tehran, Iran
| | - Asish Saha
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Paramita Roy
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Biswajeet Pradhan
- Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia ,Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering, Sejong University, Choongmu-gwan, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006 Korea ,Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80234, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia ,Earth Observation Center, Institute of Climate Change, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ayan Mondal
- Ecology and Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal India
| | - Phuong Thao Thi Ngo
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Indrajit Chowdhuri
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Ali P. Yunus
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, 305-8506 Japan
| | - Mehebub Sahana
- School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Sadhan Malik
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, West Bengal India
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9
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Martínez-Ahumada E, López-Olvera A, Carmona-Monroy P, Díaz-Salazar H, Garduño-Castro MH, Obeso JL, Leyva C, Martínez A, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Solis-Ibarra D, Ibarra IA. SO 2 capture and detection using a Cu(II)-metal-organic polyhedron. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18368-18372. [PMID: 36268816 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The SO2 adsorption-desorption capacity at room temperature and 1 bar of the metal-organic polyhedron MOP-CDC was investigated. In addition, the qualitative solid-state absorption-emission properties of this material (before and after SO2 exposure) were measured and tested, and it demonstrated remarkable capability for SO2 detection. Our results represent the first example of fluorimetric SO2 detection in a MOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Alfredo López-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Paulina Carmona-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Howard Díaz-Salazar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | | | - Juan L Obeso
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Calz. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carolina Leyva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Calz. Legaria 694, Col. Irrigación, Miguel Hidalgo, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, and Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Marcos Hernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Cd. Mx., Mexico
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico.
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10
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Dockery DW. Synergy of Biostatistics and Epidemiology in Air Pollution Health Effects Studies. Int Stat Rev 2022; 90:S67-S81. [PMID: 36636699 PMCID: PMC9828424 DOI: 10.1111/insr.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary advances in quantifying the health effects of ambient air pollution over the last five decades have led to dramatic improvement in air quality in the United States. This work has been possible through innovative epidemiologic study designs coupled with advanced statistical analytic methods. This paper presents a historical perspective on the coordinated developments of epidemiologic designs and statistical methods for air pollution health effects studies at the Harvard School of Public Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Dockery
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health665 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
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11
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Mozzoni P, Iodice S, Persico N, Ferrari L, Pinelli S, Corradi M, Rossi S, Miragoli M, Bergamaschi E, Bollati V. Maternal air pollution exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113216. [PMID: 35364045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal exposure to air pollutants has been associated with pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. Endothelial dysfunction, an imbalance in vascular function, during pregnancy is considered a key element in the development of pre-eclampsia. Environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM) during the first trimester of pregnancy might increase maternal inflammatory status thus affecting fetal growth, possibly leading to preterm delivery. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate possible effects of PM10 and PM2.5 exposure on fetal growth in healthy pregnant women at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy by investigating the relationship between circulating biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), early systemic prothrombotic effects (CRP, plasma fibrinogen, PAI-1) and endothelial dysfunction (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1). METHODS 295 pregnant women were recruited. Individual PM exposure was assigned to each subject by calculating the mean of PM10 and PM2.5 daily values observed during the 30, 60, and 90 days preceding enrolment (long-term) and single lag days back to fourteen days (short-term), and circulating plasma biomarkers were determined. RESULTS For long-term exposure, we observed an increase in sVCAM-1 and a decrease of PAI-1 levels for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration. Decreases in IL-6 and CRP levels were associated with each 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 increase. For short-term exposure, the levels of sVCAM-1 and PAI-1 were found to be associated with PM10 exposure, whereas fibrinogen levels were associated with PM2.5 exposure. Maternal plasmatic fibrinogen levels were negatively associated with the crown-rump length (p-value = 0.008). DISCUSSION The present study showed that both long- and short-term exposures to PM are associated with changes in circulating levels of biomarkers in pregnant women reflecting systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction/activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction might have a central role in modulating the detrimental effects of air pollution exposure during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Iodice
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Persico
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology 'L. Mangiagalli', Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Corradi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Michele Miragoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Via Zuretti 29, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy; Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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12
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Design and Characterization of Atorvastatin Dry Powder Formulation as a potential Lung Cancer Treatment. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 29:1449-1457. [PMID: 35002383 PMCID: PMC8720807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Many studies have shown the beneficial effects of Atorvastatin in decreasing the mortality risk and improving survival among patients with lung cancer. This research paper focuses on improving AVT cytotoxic activity and cellular uptake by developing mannitol microcarriers as a promising drug delivery system for lung cancer treatment and, studying the impact of improving inhalation deposition on the delivery and Dry Powder formulations efficiency. The AVT loaded mannitol (AM) microparticles (AVT-AM) formulation was prepared by spray drying and characterized for its physicochemical properties and aerodynamic deposition. The results revealed that the AVT-AM formulation has good flow properties and aerosol deposition with a particle size of 3418 nm ± 26.86. The formulation was also assessed in vitro for cytotoxicity effects (proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression) on A549 human lung adenocarcinoma. Compared with free AVT, the AVT-AM formulation has significantly higher cellular uptake and anti-cancer properties by disrupting cell cycle progression via either apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. This study shows that AVT loaded mannitol microcarriers may provide a potentially effective and sustained pulmonary drug delivery for lung cancer treatment.
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13
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Fan Y, Ullah I, Rehman A, Hussain A, Zeeshan M. Does tourism increase CO 2 emissions and health spending in Mexico? New evidence from nonlinear ARDL approach. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 37:242-257. [PMID: 34536240 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the nexus between tourism, CO2 emissions and health spending in Mexico. We applied a nonlinear ARDL approach for the empirical analysis for the time period 1996-2018. Mexico receives a large number of tourists each year, tourism improves foreign exchange earnings and contributes positively to the economic growth. However, tourist activities impose a serious environmental cost in terms of CO2 emissions which increase health spending. The empirical findings suggest that tourism leads to CO2 emissions which resultantly causes a high level of health spending in Mexico. Both short-run and long-run findings reported a significant positive association between tourism, CO2 emissions, and health expenditures. Therefore, the government needs legislation to reduce CO2 emissions, besides the use of renewable energy could also help to reduce the CO2 emissions and health expenditures in society. This study does not support to reduce the health expenditure, rather it suggests optimal utilization of the funds allocated to the health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Fan
- School of Economics, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,School of Fiscal and Public Management, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Alam Rehman
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif Hussain
- Institute of Business Studies and Leadership, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, XingCheng, China
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14
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Ullah I, Ullah A, Ali S, Poulova P, Akbar A, Haroon Shah M, Rehman A, Zeeshan M, Afridi FEA. Public Health Expenditures and Health Outcomes in Pakistan: Evidence from Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3893-3909. [PMID: 34584469 PMCID: PMC8462281 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s316844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The provision of healthcare facilities remains high on the manifesto of various political parties in Pakistan and healthcare spending has witnessed a significant surge in the last two decades that is expected to positively influence health outcomes in the country. Therefore, this research aims to explore the effects of healthcare expenditures on the actual health status of the masses in Pakistan for the period 1995Q1 to 2017Q1. METHODS We apply the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) approach for estimation purposes. This is the most recent and emerging estimation technique in time series analysis. RESULTS Our findings confirm that public healthcare spending significantly impacts health outcomes in Pakistan both in the short-run and long-run. Public healthcare spending improves life expectancy and reduces death rate and infant mortality. CONCLUSION The study concludes that public healthcare is the main focus of the current regime. It is noticed that spending on healthcare significantly contributes to the health outcomes in Pakistan. These efforts by the government significantly promote life expectancy and drop down the mortality ratio in the country. Based on these notable facts, the government should allocate sufficient resources towards the latest healthcare technologies and equipment to optimize health outcomes in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Assad Ullah
- School of Economics, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Economics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Petra Poulova
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Ahsan Akbar
- International Business School, Guangzhou City University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Haroon Shah
- College of International Students, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alam Rehman
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, XingCheng, Liaoning Province, 125105, People’s Republic of China
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15
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López-Olvera A, Zárate JA, Martínez-Ahumada E, Fan D, Díaz-Ramírez ML, Sáenz-Cavazos PA, Martis V, Williams DR, Sánchez-González E, Maurin G, Ibarra IA. SO 2 Capture by Two Aluminum-Based MOFs: Rigid-like MIL-53(Al)-TDC versus Breathing MIL-53(Al)-BDC. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39363-39370. [PMID: 34378377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks MIL-53(Al)-TDC and MIL-53(Al)-BDC were explored in the SO2 adsorption process. MIL-53(Al)-TDC was shown to behave as a rigid-like material upon SO2 adsorption. On the other hand, MIL-53(Al)-BDC exhibits guest-induced flexibility of the framework with the presence of multiple steps in the SO2 adsorption isotherm that was related through molecular simulations to the existence of three different pore opening phases narrow pore, intermediate pore, and large pore. Both materials proved to be exceptional candidates for SO2 capture, even under wet conditions, with excellent SO2 adsorption, good cycling, chemical stability, and easy regeneration. Further, we propose MIL-53(Al)-TDC and MIL-53(A)-BDC of potential interest for SO2 sensing and SO2 storage/transportation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo López-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - J Antonio Zárate
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Dong Fan
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Mariana L Díaz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Paola A Sáenz-Cavazos
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Vladimir Martis
- Surface Measurement Systems, Unit 5, Wharfside, Rosemont Road, London HA04PE, U.K
| | - Daryl R Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Director of Discovery Space and Professor of Particle Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, Kensington, London SW7 2BY, U.K
| | - Elí Sánchez-González
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
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16
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Issakhov A, Mashenkova A. The assessment of two different pollutants dispersion from a coal-fired power plant for various thermal regimes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:959-983. [PMID: 34150285 PMCID: PMC8172746 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations of the movement and emissions dispersion of two pollutants (sulfur dioxide(SO2) and carbon dioxide(CO2)) into the atmospheric boundary layer were considered under natural atmospheric conditions. To test the numerical algorithm and to select the optimal turbulent model, the test problem was solved numerically. The obtained computational data were compared with measurement data and values from the computation of other authors and the SST k-omega model illustrated the closest values to the data from the experiment, this is achieved by modifying the boundary condition for turbulent kinetic energy. The tested computational algorithm was used to characterize the emissions process of two pollutants from two chimneys of the Ekibastuz SDPP and the distribution of CO2 and SO2 in the air flow field in natural air condition. For this task, four various velocity variations were considered, as well as several various thermal variations (temperature inversion, constant temperature and decreasing temperature by the height). From the obtained computational results, it should be noticed that different environmental temperature conditions extremely impact the distribution of pollutants CO2 and SO2 in the atmospheric surface layer, so at constant temperature conditions, the species for all velocity variations have nearly identical species profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Issakhov
- al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Kazakh British Technical University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Albina Mashenkova
- al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
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17
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Miller CA. Fifty years of EPA science for air quality management and control. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 67:1017-1028. [PMID: 33837478 PMCID: PMC8106583 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research and development has been a key part of the foundation for improvements in US air quality since the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 50 years ago. Although the scientific accomplishments and advances over the course of EPA's history are often overshadowed by policy debates, much of the air pollution science and engineering we now consider to be routine did not exist when EPA was established. Many of the advances in air pollutant measurement, monitoring, modeling, and control were developed by EPA researchers or supported by EPA programs. The technical foundation built during EPA's early years has since given the Agency the scientific ability to respond quickly and effectively to unexpected and emerging issues. Equally important, EPA also developed approaches to conducting and presenting science in policy settings to ensure that the science was as objective and complete as possible and was communicated effectively. A look back at some of the accomplishments of EPA scientists and engineers provides a reminder that the cumulative effect of continual, incremental advances can result in large and lasting benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Andrew Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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18
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Valencia-Loza SDJ, López-Olvera A, Martínez-Ahumada E, Martínez-Otero D, Ibarra IA, Jancik V, Percástegui EG. SO 2 Capture and Oxidation in a Pd6L8 Metal-Organic Cage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18658-18665. [PMID: 33871959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The facile and green preparation of novel materials that capture sulfur dioxide (SO2) with significant uptake at room temperature remains challenging, but it is crucial for public health and the environment. Herein, we explored for the first time the SO2 adsorption within microporous metal-organic cages using the palladium(II)-based [Pd6L8](NO3)36 tetragonal prism 1, assembled in water under mild conditions. Notably and despite the low BET surface area of 1 (111 m2 g-1), sulfur dioxide was found to be irreversibly and strongly adsorbed within the activated cage at 298 K (up to 6.07 mmol g-1). The measured values for the molar enthalpy of adsorption (ΔHads) coupled to the FTIR analyses imply a chemisorption process that involves the direct interaction of SO2 with Pd(II) sites and the subsequent oxidation of this toxic chemical by the action of the nitrate anions in 1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported metal-organic cage that proves useful for SO2 adsorption. Metallosupramolecular adsorbents such as 1 could enable new detection applications and suggest that the integration of soft metal ions and self-assembly of molecular cages are a potential means for the easy tuning of SO2 adsorption capabilities and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de Jesús Valencia-Loza
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Alfredo López-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Del Coyoacán, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México 50200, México
| | - Edmundo G Percástegui
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM. Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México 50200, México
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Shah MI, Ullah I, Xingjian X, Haipeng H, Rehman A, Zeeshan M, Alam Afridi FE. Modeling Trade Openness and Life Expectancy in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:1689-1701. [PMID: 33935523 PMCID: PMC8079350 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s298381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates life expectancy and trade openness in China for the period 1960–2018. Methods We purposed a theoretical model that is tested for China by applying regime-switching regression. Results Our findings suggest that trade openness increases life expectancy in China; trade affects life expectancy from two aspects; firstly, trade expansion and industrialization lead to high economic activities and resulted in raise the income of the people in society leading to improve life expectancy. Secondly, industrial expansion increases the CO2 emissions which leads to imposes a negative implication on human health and thus reduces life expectancy. Conclusion Thus, the net effect of trade liberalization depends on the value of income effect and volume of CO2 emissions. Therefore, the government needs to support the trade policies which causes a low level of CO2 emissions, the government may provide incentives to exports and industrialists to adopted green energy in the production process. Besides, the government may impose some regulations such as carbon tax to mitigate the CO2 emissions in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Shah
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xingjian
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Haipeng
- Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Alam Rehman
- Faculty of Management Sciences, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, XingCheng, Liaoning Province, 125105, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ghabi E, Farah W, Abboud M, Chalhoub E, Ziade N, Annesi-Maesano I, Abi-Habib L, Mrad Nakhle M. Establishing a sorting protocol for healthcare databases. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:1722. [PMID: 33849252 PMCID: PMC8056323 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health information records in many countries, especially developing countries, are still paper based. Compared to electronic systems, paper-based systems are disadvantageous in terms of data storage and data extraction. Given the importance of health records for epidemiological studies, guidelines for effective data cleaning and sorting are essential. They are, however, largely absent from the literature. The following paper discusses the process by which an algorithm was developed for the cleaning and sorting of a database generated from emergency department records in Lebanon. DESIGN AND METHODS Demographic and health related information were extracted from the emergency department records of three hospitals in Beirut. Appropriate categories were selected for data categorization. For health information, disease categories and codes were selected according to the International Classification of Disease 10th Edition. RESULTS A total of 16,537 entries were collected. Demographic information was categorized into groups for future epidemiological studies. Analysis of the health information led to the creation of a sorting algorithm which was then used to categorize and code the health data. Several counts were then performed to represent and visualize the data numerically and graphically. CONCLUSIONS The article describes the current state of health information records in Lebanon and the associated disadvantages of a paper-based system in terms of storage and data extraction. Furthermore, the article describes the algorithm by which health information was sorted and categorized to allow for future data analysis using paper records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Ghabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand.
| | - Wehbeh Farah
- UEGP, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut.
| | - Maher Abboud
- UEGP, Faculty of Sciences, Saint Joseph University of Beirut.
| | - Elias Chalhoub
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand.
| | - Nelly Ziade
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut.
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, Sorbonne Universités, Paris.
| | - Laurie Abi-Habib
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand.
| | - Myriam Mrad Nakhle
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand.
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21
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Rivera-Almazo M, Díaz-Ramírez ML, Hernández-Esparza R, Vargas R, Martínez A, Martis V, Sáenz-Cavazos PA, Williams D, Lima E, Ibarra IA, Garza J. Identification of the preferential CO and SO2 adsorption sites within NOTT-401. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1454-1463. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04668j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
DRIFT spectroscopy combined with DFT and QTAIM calculations, revealed the CO preferential adsorption sites within NOTT-401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Rivera-Almazo
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Mariana L. Díaz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | | | - Rubicelia Vargas
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Ana Martínez
- Departamento de Materiales de Baja Dimensionalidad – Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, and Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | | | - Paola A. Sáenz-Cavazos
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Daryl Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Jorge Garza
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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22
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García Ponce J, Díaz-Ramírez ML, Gorla S, Navarathna C, Sanchez-Lecuona G, Donnadieu B, Ibarra IA, Montiel-Palma V. SO 2 capture enhancement in NU-1000 by the incorporation of a ruthenium gallate organometallic complex. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
[RuGa]@NU-1000 shows enhanced adsorption of SO2, specially at low pressures (10−3 bar) even when compared with other materials employing more expensive precious metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García Ponce
- Escuela Moderna Americana, Cerro del Hombre 18, Romero de Terreros, Coyoacán, 04310, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Saidulu Gorla
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Chanaka Navarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | | | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi, 39762, USA
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Virginia Montiel-Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Box 9573, Mississippi, 39762, USA
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23
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INSIDE Project: Individual Air Pollution Exposure, Extracellular Vesicles Signaling and Hypertensive Disorder Development in Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239046. [PMID: 33561039 PMCID: PMC7731194 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders are common complications during pregnancy (HDP) with substantial public health impact. Acute and chronic particulate matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of HDP, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the ideal candidates for mediating the effects of PM exposure in pregnancy as they are released in response to environmental stimuli. The INSIDE project aims to investigate this mechanism in pregnancy outcomes. The study population is enrolled at the Fetal Medicine Unit of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 is assessed using the flexible air quality regional model (FARM) and Bayesian geostatistical models. Each woman provides a blood sample for EV analysis and circulating biomarker assessment. Moreover, a subgroup of recruited women (n = 85) is asked to participate in a cardiovascular screening program including a standard clinical evaluation, a non-invasive assessment of right ventricular function, and pulmonary circulation at rest and during exercise. These subjects are also asked to wear a personal particulate sampler, to measure PM10, PM2.5, and PM1. The INSIDE study is expected to identify the health impacts of PM exposure on pregnancy outcomes.
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24
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Blood-derived extracellular vesicles isolated from healthy donors exposed to air pollution modulate in vitro endothelial cells behavior. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20138. [PMID: 33208829 PMCID: PMC7674466 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream is positively associated with Particulate Matter (PM) exposure, which is involved in endothelial dysfunction and related to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity modifies the effects of PM exposure on heart rate variability and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and acute phase response. We isolated and characterized plasmatic EVs from six healthy donors and confirmed a positive association with PM exposure. We stratified for Body Mass Index (BMI) and observed an increased release of CD61+ (platelets) and CD105+ (endothelium) derived-EVs after high PM level exposure in Normal Weight subjects (NW) and no significant variations in Overweight subjects (OW). We then investigated the ability to activate endothelial primary cells by plasmatic EVs after both high and low PM exposure. NW-high-PM EVs showed an increased endothelial activation, measured as CD105+/CD62e+ (activated endothelium) EVs ratio. On the contrary, cells treated with OW-high-PM EVs showed reduced endothelial activation. These results suggest the ability of NW plasmatic EVs to communicate to endothelial cells and promote the crosstalk between activated endothelium and peripheral cells. However, this capacity was lost in OW subjects. Our findings contribute to elucidate the role of EVs in endothelial activation after PM exposure.
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25
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Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Toxicity of airborne particles-established evidence, knowledge gaps and emerging areas of importance. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190322. [PMID: 32981440 PMCID: PMC7536031 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological research has taught us a great deal about the health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM), particularly cardiorespiratory effects of combustion-related particles. This has been matched by toxicological research to define underlying mechanistic pathways. To keep abreast of the substantial challenges that air pollution continues to throw at us requires yet more strides to be achieved. For example, being aware of the most toxic components/sources and having a definitive idea of the range of associated disease outcomes. This review discusses approaches designed to close some of these knowledge gaps. These include a focus on particles arising from non-exhaust PM at the roadside and microplastics-both of which are becoming more relevant in the light of a shift in PM composition in response to global pressure to reduce combustion emissions. The application of hypothesis-free approaches in both mechanistic studies and epidemiology in unveiling unexpected relationships and generating novel insights is also discussed. Previous work, strengthening the evidence for both the adverse effects and benefits of intervention tell us that the sooner we act to close knowledge gaps, increase awareness and develop creative solutions, the sooner we can reduce the public health burden attributable to these complex and insidious environmental pollutants. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Sir Michael Uren Building, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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26
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Grape ES, Flores JG, Hidalgo T, Martínez-Ahumada E, Gutiérrez-Alejandre A, Hautier A, Williams DR, O’Keeffe M, Öhrström L, Willhammar T, Horcajada P, Ibarra IA, Inge AK. A Robust and Biocompatible Bismuth Ellagate MOF Synthesized Under Green Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16795-16804. [PMID: 32894014 PMCID: PMC7586326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first bioinspired microporous metal-organic framework (MOF) synthesized using ellagic acid, a common natural antioxidant and polyphenol building unit, is presented. Bi2O(H2O)2(C14H2O8)·nH2O (SU-101) was inspired by bismuth phenolate metallodrugs, and could be synthesized entirely from nonhazardous or edible reagents under ambient aqueous conditions, enabling simple scale-up. Reagent-grade and affordable dietary supplement-grade ellagic acid was sourced from tree bark and pomegranate hulls, respectively. Biocompatibility and colloidal stability were confirmed by in vitro assays. The material exhibits remarkable chemical stability for a bioinspired MOF (pH = 2-14, hydrothermal conditions, heated organic solvents, biological media, SO2 and H2S), attributed to the strongly chelating phenolates. A total H2S uptake of 15.95 mmol g-1 was recorded, representing one of the highest H2S capacities for a MOF, where polysulfides are formed inside the pores of the material. Phenolic phytochemicals remain largely unexplored as linkers for MOF synthesis, opening new avenues to design stable, eco-friendly, scalable, and low-cost MOFs for diverse applications, including drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Svensson Grape
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - J. Gabriel Flores
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad
Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, 02120 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Hidalgo
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aída Gutiérrez-Alejandre
- UNICAT,
Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de
México, Mexico
| | - Audrey Hautier
- Départment
Sciences et Génie Des Matériaux, INSA Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Surfaces
and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical
Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O’Keeffe
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Lars Öhrström
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tom Willhammar
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Patricia Horcajada
- Advanced
Porous Materials Unit, IMDEA Energy, 28935 Móstoles, Madrid Spain
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto
de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad
Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
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27
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Gorla S, Díaz-Ramírez ML, Abeynayake NS, Kaphan DM, Williams DR, Martis V, Lara-García HA, Donnadieu B, Lopez N, Ibarra IA, Montiel-Palma V. Functionalized NU-1000 with an Iridium Organometallic Fragment: SO 2 Capture Enhancement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41758-41764. [PMID: 32808761 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new material, MOF-type [Ir]@NU-1000, was accessed from the incorporation of the iridium organometallic fragment [Ir{κ3(P,Si,Si)PhP(o-C6H4CH2SiiPr2)2}] into NU-1000. The new material incorporates less than 1 wt % of Ir(III) (molar ratio Ir to NU-1000, 1:11), but the heat of adsorption for SO2 is significantly enhanced with respect to that of NU-1000. Being a highly promising adsorbent for SO2 capture, [Ir]@NU-1000 combines exceptional SO2 uptake at room temperature and outstanding cyclability. Additionally, it is stable and can be regenerated after SO2 desorption at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidulu Gorla
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Mariana L Díaz-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Niroshani S Abeynayake
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - David M Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daryl R Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Vladimir Martis
- Surface Measurement Systems, Unit 5, Wharfside, Rosemont Road, London HA0 4PE, U.K
| | - Hugo A Lara-García
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, CU, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Nazario Lopez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, CU, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Virginia Montiel-Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 9573, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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28
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White PF, Conway RP, Byrne DG, O'Riordan DMR, Silke BM. Air pollution and comorbidity burden influencing acute hospital mortality outcomes in a large academic teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland: a semi-ecologic analysis. Public Health 2020; 186:164-169. [PMID: 32836006 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the extent to which air pollution interacts with comorbidity in determining mortality outcomes of emergency medical admissions. STUDY DESIGN Routinely collected data were used to study all emergency medical admissions to an academic teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland, from 2002 to 2018. Air pollution was measured by particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels on the day of admission. Comorbidity Score was measured using a previously derived score. METHODS A multivariable logistic regression model was used to relate air pollutant levels, Comorbidity Scores, and their interaction to 30-day in-hospital mortality. RESULTS There were 102,483 admissions in 58,127 patients over 17 years. Both air pollutant levels and Comorbidity Score were associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality. On admission days with PM10 levels above the median, mortality was higher (Odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 1.18) at 11.2% (95% CI 10.5, 12) compared with 10.4% (95% CI 10, 10.7) on days when PM10 levels were below the median. On admission days with SO2 levels above the median, mortality was higher (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.10, 1.16) at 12.2% (95% CI 11.4, 13) compared with 10.7% (95% CI 10.3, 11.1) on days when SO2 levels were below the median. Comorbidity Score was strongly associated with mortality (mortality rate of 8.9% for those with a 6-point score vs mortality rate of 30.3% for those with a 16-point score). There was limited interaction between air pollutant levels and Comorbidity Score. CONCLUSION Both air pollution levels on the day of admission and Comorbidity Score were associated with 30-day in-hospital mortality. However, there was limited interaction between these two factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F White
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - R P Conway
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - D G Byrne
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - D M R O'Riordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - B M Silke
- Department of Internal Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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29
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Zhang J, McLaughlin SJ, Li LW. Cumulative exposure to air pollution and subsequent mortality among older adults in China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 41:518-526. [PMID: 30184234 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the health effects of exposure to air pollution is growing. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of long-term and cumulative exposure to air pollutants. Individual-level studies on the health consequences of air pollution in China are especially scarce. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cumulative exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2), an air pollutant of particular concern in China, on all-cause mortality in older Chinese adults. METHODS Using a nationally representative sample of older adults in China (N = 11 199), we tracked mortality over an 11-year period (2000-11). Air pollution data were linked to respondents using provincial identifiers. To examine the effect of cumulative SO2 exposure on mortality, we employed multilevel multinomial logistic regression models that account for within subject clustering of observations over time and clustering at the province level. RESULTS We found that every 10-μg/m3 increase in cumulative exposure to SO2 increased the odds of death by nearly 1% (OR = 1.008; 95% CI: 1.002-1.014), controlling for province- and individual-level social and economic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that air pollution is a risk factor for morality in older Chinese adults. Findings suggest that stronger SO2 regulations may enhance longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Zhang
- Department of Social Work, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara J McLaughlin
- Department of Sociology and Gerontology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Lydia W Li
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Ritz B, Hoffmann B, Peters A. The Effects of Fine Dust, Ozone, and Nitrogen Dioxide on Health. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 51-52:881-886. [PMID: 31941576 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants, especially fine dust, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, pose a danger to health worldwide. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to protect public health, issued global recommendations for maximum levels of fine dust (10 μg/m3 for fine dust particles smaller than 2.5 μm [PM2.5]), ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. The recommended levels are regularly exceeded in many places in Germany. METHODS This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and, in part, on an expert statement issued in the name of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). RESULTS Air pollutants affect the entire body, from the beginning of intrauterine development all the way to the end of life, causing premature death mainly through lung and heart disease. An epidemiological study has shown, for example, that mor- tality rises approximately 7% for every incremental long-term exposure to 5 μg/m3 PM2.5 (95% confidence interval: [2; 13]). Aside from lung and heart disease, the carcinogenic effect of fine dust is now well established. High fine-dust exposure has also been linked to metabolic diseases. For example, in a meta-analysis of cohort studies, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be associated with elevated fine dust concentrations, with a 25% relative risk increase [10; 43] for every 10 µg/m3 of PM2.5. More recent studies have shown that these substances cause harm even in concentrations that are below the recommended limits. CONCLUSION It is very important for public health that the current EU standards for rkedly lowered so that health risks can be further reduced, in accordance with the recommendations of the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Ritz
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University of Düsseldorf; Helmholtz Center Munich and University of Munich
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31
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Ścibior A, Hus I, Mańko J, Jawniak D. Evaluation of the level of selected iron-related proteins/receptors in the liver of rats during separate/combined vanadium and magnesium administration. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126550. [PMID: 32464446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current knowledge about the effects of vanadium (V) on iron (Fe)-related proteins and Fe homeostasis (which is regulated at the systemic, organelle, and cellular levels) is still insufficient. OBJECTIVE This fact and our earlier results prompted us to conduct studies with the aim to explain the mechanism of anemia accompanied by a rise in hepatic and splenic Fe deposition in rats receiving sodium metavanadate (SMV) separately and in combination with magnesium sulfate (MS). RESULTS We demonstrated for the first time that SMV (0.125 mg V/mL) administered to rats individually and in conjunction with MS (0.06 mg Mg/mL) for 12 weeks did not cause significant differences in the hepatic hepcidin (Hepc) and hemojuvelin (HJV) concentrations, compared to the control. In comparison with the control, there were no significant changes in the concentration of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) in the liver of rats treated with SMV and MS alone (in both cases only a downward trend of 14% and 15% was observed). However, a significant reduction in the hepatic TfR1 level was found in rats receiving SMV and MS simultaneously. In turn, the concentration of transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) showed an increasing trend in the liver of rats treated with SMV and/or MS. CONCLUSIONS The experimental data suggest that the pathomechanism of the SMV-induced anemia is not associated with the effect of V on the concentration of Hepc in the liver, as confirmed by the unaltered hepatic HJV and TfR1 levels. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to check whether anemia that developed in the rats at the SMV administration (a) results from the inhibitory effect of V on erythropoietin (EPO) production, (b) is related to the effect of V on the induction of matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) expression, or (c) is associated with the influence of this metal on haem synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Hus
- Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mańko
- Clinic of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Jawniak
- Clinic of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
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32
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Forastiere L, Carugno M, Baccini M. Assessing short-term impact of PM 10 on mortality using a semiparametric generalized propensity score approach. Environ Health 2020; 19:46. [PMID: 32357874 PMCID: PMC7193397 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shape of the exposure-response curve describing the effects of air pollution on population health has crucial regulatory implications, and it is important in assessing causal impacts of hypothetical policies of air pollution reduction. METHODS After having reformulated the problem of assessing the short-term impact of air pollution on health within the potential outcome approach to causal inference, we developed a method based on the generalized propensity score (GPS) to estimate the average dose-response function (aDRF) and quantify attributable deaths under different counterfactual scenarios of air pollution reduction. We applied the proposed approach to assess the impact of airborne particles with a diameter less than or equal to 10 μm (PM10) on deaths from natural, cardiovascular and respiratory causes in the city of Milan, Italy (2003-2006). RESULTS As opposed to what is commonly assumed, the estimated aDRFs were not linear, being steeper for low-moderate values of exposure. In the case of natural mortality, the curve became flatter for higher levels; this behavior was less pronounced for cause-specific mortality. The effect was larger in days characterized by higher temperature. According to the curves, we estimated that a hypothetical intervention able to set the daily exposure levels exceeding 40 μg/m3 to exactly 40 would have avoided 1157 deaths (90%CI: 689, 1645) in the whole study period, 312 of which for respiratory causes and 771 for cardiovascular causes. These impacts were higher than those obtained previously from regression-based methods. CONCLUSION This novel method based on the GPS allowed estimating the average dose-response function and calculating attributable deaths, without requiring strong assumptions about the shape of the relationship. Its potential as a tool for investigating effect modification by temperature and its use in other environmental epidemiology contexts deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Forastiere
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, Florence, 50134 Italy
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT US
| | - Michele Carugno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Baccini
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 59, Florence, 50134 Italy
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High temperature effect on daily all-cause mortality in Tunis 2005–2007. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020; 68:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Martínez-Ahumada E, López-Olvera A, Jancik V, Sánchez-Bautista JE, González-Zamora E, Martis V, Williams DR, Ibarra IA. MOF Materials for the Capture of Highly Toxic H2S and SO2. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alfredo López-Olvera
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigaciones en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carr. Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5, Toluca, Estado de México 50200, México
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Jonathan E. Sánchez-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Eduardo González-Zamora
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C. P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vladimir Martis
- Surface Measurement Systems, Unit 5, Wharfside, Rosemont Road, London HA0 4PE, U.K
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
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Zárate JA, Domínguez-Ojeda E, Sánchez-González E, Martínez-Ahumada E, López-Cervantes VB, Williams DR, Martis V, Ibarra IA, Alejandre J. Reversible and efficient SO2 capture by a chemically stable MOF CAU-10: experiments and simulations. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9203-9207. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CAU-10 is an efficient system for SO2 adsorption, and its great recyclability is given by van der Waals interactions present within its pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Antonio Zárate
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Eduardo Domínguez-Ojeda
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Elí Sánchez-González
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Eva Martínez-Ahumada
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Valeria B. López-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Surfaces and Particle Engineering Laboratory (SPEL)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | | | - Ilich A. Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS)
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - José Alejandre
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- C. P. 09340 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
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Guo NL, Poh TY, Pirela S, Farcas MT, Chotirmall SH, Tham WK, Adav SS, Ye Q, Wei Y, Shen S, Christiani DC, Ng KW, Thomas T, Qian Y, Demokritou P. Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Profiling in Rat Lung, Blood, and Serum for Assessment of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6348. [PMID: 31888290 PMCID: PMC6940784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser printer-emitted nanoparticles (PEPs) generated from toners during printing represent one of the most common types of life cycle released particulate matter from nano-enabled products. Toxicological assessment of PEPs is therefore important for occupational and consumer health protection. Our group recently reported exposure to PEPs induces adverse cardiovascular responses including hypertension and arrythmia via monitoring left ventricular pressure and electrocardiogram in rats. This study employed genome-wide mRNA and miRNA profiling in rat lung and blood integrated with metabolomics and lipidomics profiling in rat serum to identify biomarkers for assessing PEPs-induced disease risks. Whole-body inhalation of PEPs perturbed transcriptional activities associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and neural disorders at every observed time point in both rat lung and blood during the 21 days of exposure. Furthermore, the systematic analysis revealed PEPs-induced transcriptomic changes linking to other disease risks in rats, including diabetes, congenital defects, auto-recessive disorders, physical deformation, and carcinogenesis. The results were also confirmed with global metabolomics profiling in rat serum. Among the validated metabolites and lipids, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, docosahexanoic acid, and histidine showed significant variation in PEPs-exposed rat serum. Overall, the identified PEPs-induced dysregulated genes, molecular pathways and functions, and miRNA-mediated transcriptional activities provide important insights into the disease mechanisms. The discovered important mRNAs, miRNAs, lipids and metabolites may serve as candidate biomarkers for future occupational and medical surveillance studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study systematically integrating in vivo, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics to assess PEPs inhalation exposure-induced disease risks using a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lan Guo
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Sandra Pirela
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Mariana T. Farcas
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (M.T.F.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Wai Kin Tham
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (W.K.T.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Sunil S. Adav
- Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (W.K.T.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Qing Ye
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Yongyue Wei
- Key Lab for Modern Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Sipeng Shen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - David C. Christiani
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; (T.Y.P.); (S.H.C.); (S.S.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Treye Thomas
- Office of Hazard Identification and Reduction, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Yong Qian
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; (M.T.F.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (S.P.); (K.W.N.); (P.D.)
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37
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Bruckner TA, Ima AM, Nguyen TT, Noymer A. Race and life expectancy in the USA in the Great Depression. GENUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41118-019-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Linkages between Trade, CO 2 Emissions and Healthcare Spending in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214298. [PMID: 31694282 PMCID: PMC6862156 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
China has remained top among the carbon dioxide (CO2) emitting countries in the world, while it has a significant contribution to world trade after World Trade Organization (WTO) reforms in China. The dramatic increase in CO2 emissions has been witnessed. This study examines the linkages between trade openness, CO2 emissions, and healthcare expenditures in China using time series data for the period 1990-2017. The study extended a theoretical model by adding healthcare expenditures, CO2 emissions, and trade openness with some constraints. We used simultaneous equation method for the analysis, and the outcomes suggest that trade is significantly affecting the CO2 emissions in the country, resulting in an increase of healthcare expenditures. The government needs reforms and trade policy embodied green energy consumption in the industrial sector, especially in export sector industries. In addition, carbon tax may be an important tool to reduce CO2 emissions and it may compensate the healthcare spending in the country.
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39
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Chen YH, Mukherjee B, Adar SD, Berrocal VJ, Coull BA. Robust distributed lag models using data adaptive shrinkage. Biostatistics 2019; 19:461-478. [PMID: 29040386 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxx041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distributed lag models (DLMs) have been widely used in environmental epidemiology to quantify the lagged effects of air pollution on an outcome of interest such as mortality or cardiovascular events. Generally speaking, DLMs can be applied to time-series data where the current measure of an independent variable and its lagged measures collectively affect the current measure of a dependent variable. The corresponding distributed lag (DL) function represents the relationship between the lags and the coefficients of the lagged exposure variables. Common choices include polynomials and splines. On one hand, such a constrained DLM specifies the coefficients as a function of lags and reduces the number of parameters to be estimated; hence, higher efficiency can be achieved. On the other hand, under violation of the assumption about the DL function, effect estimates can be severely biased. In this article, we propose a general framework for shrinking coefficient estimates from an unconstrained DLM, that are unbiased but potentially inefficient, toward the coefficient estimates from a constrained DLM to achieve a bias-variance trade-off. The amount of shrinkage can be determined in various ways, and we explore several such methods: empirical Bayes-type shrinkage, a hierarchical Bayes approach, and generalized ridge regression. We also consider a two-stage shrinkage approach that enforces the effect estimates to approach zero as lags increase. We contrast the various methods via an extensive simulation study and show that the shrinkage methods have better average performance across different scenarios in terms of mean squared error (MSE).We illustrate the methods by using data from the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study (NMMAPS) to explore the association between PM$_{10}$, O$_3$, and SO$_2$ on three types of disease event counts in Chicago, IL, from 1987 to 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsiu Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Veronica J Berrocal
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
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Ali K, Acharja P, Trivedi DK, Kulkarni R, Pithani P, Safai PD, Chate DM, Ghude S, Jenamani RK, Rajeevan M. Characterization and source identification of PM 2.5 and its chemical and carbonaceous constituents during Winter Fog Experiment 2015-16 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:687-696. [PMID: 30703726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Data on mass concentration of PM2.5 and its carbonaceous and water soluble inorganic chemical ions were compiled through sampling of PM2.5 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi during Dec. 16, 2015-Feb. 15, 2016 under Winter Fog Experiment (WIFEX) program of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and analysing the samples. The data so generated were interpreted in terms of their variation on different time scales and apportioning their sources. It is found that mass concentration of PM2.5 averaged over the whole period of observation was 198.6±55.6. The concentration of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) was 24.7±9.4 and 11.7±4.7μg/m3 respectively with no any trend of increase or decrease over the observational period. SO42-, Cl- and NO3- dominated over other anions with their overall average concentration 34.0±23.1, 32.7±16.1 and 13.3±8.7μg/m3 respectively. Among cations, NH4+ showed highest concentration with an average value of 21.0±10.6μg/m3. Variation of daily average mass concentration of these parameters over the period of observation matched well with the variation of PM2.5 mass concentration indicating thereby to be the major contributors to the PM2.5 mass. NH4+ mostly occurred as NH4Cl and NH4NO3 and poorly as (NH4)2SO4 or NH4HSO4. H+ ion mostly occurred as H2SO4 and occasionally as HNO3. Carbonaceous aerosols and NO3- were mainly generated from fossil-fuel combustion. NH4+ and anthropogenic Cl- were mostly generated by biomass burning. The source of SO42- was found to be industries and thermal power plants. Continental Ca2+ and Mg2+ originated from thermal power plants and soil dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushar Ali
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Prodip Acharja
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - D K Trivedi
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India
| | - Rachna Kulkarni
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India; Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Prakash Pithani
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India; Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - P D Safai
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India
| | - D M Chate
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sachin Ghude
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, NCL Post Office, Pune 411008, India
| | - R K Jenamani
- India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, India
| | - M Rajeevan
- Ministry of Earth Science, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
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Kan H, Pan D, Castranova V. Engineered nanoparticle exposure and cardiovascular effects: the role of a neuronal-regulated pathway. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:335-342. [PMID: 30604639 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1535634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have confirmed that inhalation of particles from ambient air or occupational settings not only causes pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system, but causes cardiovascular effects as well. At an equal mass lung burden, nanoparticles are more potent in causing systemic microvascular dysfunction than fine particles of similar composition. Thus, accumulated evidence from animal studies has led to heightened concerns about the potential short- and long-term deleterious effects of inhalation of engineered nanoparticles on the cardiovascular system. This review highlights the new observations from animal studies, which document the adverse effects of pulmonary exposure to engineered nanoparticles on the cardiovascular system and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved in regulation of cardiovascular function, in particular, how the neuronal system plays a role and reacts to pulmonary nanoparticle exposure based on both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, this review also discusses the possible influence of altered autonomic nervous activity on preexisting cardiovascular conditions. Whether engineered nanoparticle exposure serves as a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kan
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - D Pan
- a Health Effects Laboratory Division , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - V Castranova
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
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Particulate Air Pollution, Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number, and Telomere Length in Mothers in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: Effects on Fetal Growth. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5162905. [PMID: 30524658 PMCID: PMC6247572 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5162905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidences have shown that particulate matter (PM) exposures during pregnancy are associated with impaired fetal development and adverse birth outcomes, possibly as a result of an exaggerated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Telomere length (TL) is strongly linked to biological age and is impacted by oxidative stress. We hypothesized that PM exposure during different time windows in the first trimester of pregnancy influences both mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), an established biomarker for oxidative stress, and TL. Maternal blood TL and mtDNAcn were analysed in 199 healthy pregnant women recruited at the 11th week of pregnancy by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also examined whether maternal mtDNAcn and TL were associated with fetal growth outcomes measured at the end of the first trimester of pregnancy (fetal heart rate, FHR; crown-rump length, CRL; and nuchal translucency, NT) and at delivery (birth weight, length, head circumference). The possible modifying effect of prepregnancy maternal body mass index was evaluated. PM10 exposure during the first pregnancy trimester was associated with an increased maternal mtDNAcn and a reduced TL. As regards ultrasound fetal outcomes, both FHR and CRL were positively associated with PM2.5, whereas the association with FHR was confirmed only when examining PM10 exposure. PM10 was also associated with a reduced birth weight. While no association was found between mtDNAcn and CRL, we found a negative relationship between mtDNAcn and fetal CRL only in overweight women, whereas normal-weight women exhibited a positive, albeit nonsignificant, association. As abnormalities of growth in utero have been associated with postnatal childhood and adulthood onset diseases and as PM is a widespread pollutant relevant to the large majority of the human population and obesity a rising risk factor, our results, if confirmed in a larger population, might represent an important contribution towards the development of more targeted public health strategies.
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Seposo X, Kondo M, Ueda K, Honda Y, Michikawa T, Yamazaki S, Nitta H. Health impact assessment of PM 2.5-related mitigation scenarios using local risk coefficient estimates in 9 Japanese cities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:525-534. [PMID: 30153646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the negative effects of PM2.5 on mortality, expressed in terms of attributable deaths and life years lost. However, there are very few studies assessing the health impacts of air pollution in terms of economic burden/benefits. This study assessed the health impact of two hypothetical interventions among sex- and age-specific risk populations using a robust risk estimation and economic valuation process. We utilized the sex- and age-stratified daily all-cause mortality together with the daily PM2.5 of the 9 Japanese cities from 2002 to 2008 in estimating the relative risks. The estimated risks were then utilized for the economic valuation of co-benefits/burden with respect to the two hypothetical PM2.5-related mitigation scenarios, in comparison to status quo, namely: i) decrease to Japanese standards, and ii) decrease to WHO standards. Impact of these interventions on health were assessed using the following HIA metrics: attributable mortality, attributable years life lost, and environmental health impact. A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 would increase the risk by 0.52% (95% CI: -0.91% to 1.99%) for all-cause mortality, with varying risk estimates per subgroup. High economic burdens were estimated at status quo, with particularly distinct burden difference for age-specific mortality; 0.40 trillion yen (0-64 y.o.) and 1.50 trillion yen (>64 y.o.). If stricter standards, relative to status quo, were to be enforced, i.e. WHO standard, there is a potential to yield economic benefits in the same risk population; 0.26 trillion yen (0-64 y.o.) and 0.98 trillion yen (>64 y.o.). We did not observe any substantial difference with the burden and benefit related to sex-specific mortality. Using the estimated local risk coefficients complemented with the valuation of the risks, policymaking entities will have the opportunity to operate their own HIA to assess the relevant air pollution-related health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xerxes Seposo
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masahide Kondo
- Department of Health Care Policy and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Global Ecology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Michikawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shin Yamazaki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nitta
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
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Schwartz J, Fong K, Zanobetti A. A National Multicity Analysis of the Causal Effect of Local Pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on Mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:087004. [PMID: 30235421 PMCID: PMC6375387 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have long associated [Formula: see text] with daily mortality, but few applied causal-modeling methods, or at low exposures. Short-term exposure to [Formula: see text], a marker of local traffic, has also been associated with mortality but is less studied. We previously found a causal effect between local air pollution and mortality in Boston. OBJECTIVES We aimed to estimate the causal effects of local pollution, [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] on mortality in 135 U.S. cities. METHODS We used three methods which, under different assumptions, provide causal marginal estimates of effect: a marginal structural model, an instrumental variable analysis, and a negative exposure control. The instrumental approach used planetary boundary layer, wind speed, and air pressure as instruments for concentrations of local pollutants; the marginal structural model separated the effects of [Formula: see text] from the effects of [Formula: see text], and the negative exposure control provided protection against unmeasured confounders. RESULTS In 7.3 million deaths, the instrumental approach estimated that mortality increased 1.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1%, 2.0%] per [Formula: see text] increase in local pollution indexed as [Formula: see text]. The negative control exposure was not associated with mortality. Restricting our analysis to days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 1.70% (95% CI 1.11%, 2.29%) increase. With marginal structural models, we found positive significant increases in deaths with both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. On days with [Formula: see text] below [Formula: see text], we found a 0.83% (95% CI 0.39%, 1.27%) increase. Including negative exposure controls changed estimates minimally. CONCLUSIONS Causal-modeling techniques, each subject to different assumptions, demonstrated causal effects of locally generated pollutants on daily deaths with effects at concentrations below the current EPA daily [Formula: see text] standard. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelvin Fong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Experimental challenges regarding the in vitro investigation of the nanoparticle-biocorona in disease states. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 51:40-49. [PMID: 29738787 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological evaluation of nanoparticles (NPs) requires the utilization of in vitro techniques due to their number and diverse properties. Cell culture systems are often lacking in their ability to perform comparative toxicity assessment due to dosimetry issues and capacity to simulate in vivo environments. Upon encountering a physiological environment, NPs become coated with biomolecules forming a biocorona (BC), influencing function, biodistribution, and toxicity. Disease-induced alterations in the biological milieu can alter BC formation. This study evaluates the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in altering macrophage responses to iron oxide (Fe3O4) NPs. BCs were formed by incubating Fe3O4 NPs in serum-free media, or 10% fetal bovine serum with or without LDL present. Following exposures to a normalized dose (25 μg/mL), macrophage association of Fe3O4 NPs with a LDL-BC was enhanced. TNF-α mRNA expression and protein levels were differentially induced due to BCs. Cell surface expression of SR-B1 was reduced following all Fe3O4 NPs exposures, while only NPs with an LDL-BC enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings suggest that elevations in LDL may contribute to distinct BC formation thereby influencing NP-cellular interactions and response. Further, our study highlights challenges that may arise during the in vitro evaluation of disease-related variations in the NP-BC.
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Menon JS, Nagendra SMS. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter concentrations in central business district of a tropical coastal city. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:415-429. [PMID: 29215962 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1407837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the present study, personal exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm [PM2.5]) concentrations in an urban hotspot (central business district [CBD]) was investigated. The PM monitoring campaigns were carried out at an urban hotspot from June to October 2015. The personal exposure monitoring was performed during three different time periods, i.e., morning (8 a.m.-9 a.m.), afternoon (12.30 p.m.-1.30 p.m.), and evening (4 p.m.-5 p.m.), to cover both the peak and lean hour activities of the CBD. The median PM2.5 concentrations were 38.1, 34.9, and 40.4 µg/m3 during the morning, afternoon, and evening hours on the weekends. During weekdays, the median PM2.5 concentrations were 59.5, 29.6, and 36.6 µg/m3 in the morning, afternoon, and evening hours, respectively. It was observed that the combined effect of traffic emissions, complex land use, and micrometeorological conditions created localized air pollution hotspots. Furthermore, the total PM2.5 lung dose levels for an exposure duration of 1 hr were 8.7 ± 5.7 and 12.3 ± 5.2 µg at CBD during weekends and weekdays, respectively, as compared with 2.5 ± 0.8 µg at the urban background (UB). This study emphasizes the need for mobile measurement for short-term personal exposure assessment complementing the fixed air quality monitoring. IMPLICATIONS Personal exposure monitoring at an urban hotspot indicated space and time variation in PM concentrations that is not captured by the fixed air quality monitoring networks. The short-term exposure to higher concentrations can have a significant impact on health that need to be considered for the health risk-based air quality management. The study emphasizes the need of hotspot-based monitoring complementing the already existing fixed air quality monitoring in urban areas. The personal exposure patterns at hotspots can provide additional insight into sustainable urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi S Menon
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai , India
| | - S M Shiva Nagendra
- a Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai , India
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Brokamp C, Jandarov R, Hossain M, Ryan P. Predicting Daily Urban Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations Using a Random Forest Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29537833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The short-term and acute health effects of fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) have highlighted the need for exposure assessment models with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we utilize satellite, meteorologic, atmospheric, and land-use data to train a random forest model capable of accurately predicting daily PM2.5 concentrations at a resolution of 1 × 1 km throughout an urban area encompassing seven counties. Unlike previous models based on aerosol optical density (AOD), we show that the missingness of AOD is an effective predictor of ground-level PM2.5 and create an ensemble model that explicitly deals with AOD missingness and is capable of predicting with complete spatial and temporal coverage of the study domain. Our model performed well with an overall cross-validated root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.22 μg/m3 and a cross-validated R2 of 0.91. We illustrate the daily changing spatial patterns of PM2.5 concentrations across our urban study area made possible by our accurate, high-resolution model. The model will facilitate high-resolution assessment of both long-term and acute PM2.5 exposures in order to quantify their associations with related health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Brokamp
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45267 , United States
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45267 , United States
| | - Monir Hossain
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio 45229 , United States
- Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45267 , United States
- Department of Environmental Health , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio 45267 , United States
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Qi Z, Chen T, Chen J, Qi X. Ambient fine particulate matter in China: Its negative impacts and possible countermeasures. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:227-234. [PMID: 29215967 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1405096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In recent decades, China has experienced rapid economic development accompanied by increasing concentrations of ambient PM2.5, particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in diameter. PM2.5 is now believed to be a carcinogen, causing higher lung cancer risks and generating losses to the economy and society. This meta-analysis evaluates the losses generated by ambient PM2.5 in Suzhou from 2014 to 2016 and predicts losses at different concentrations. Estimations of total losses in Beijing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Dalian, and Xiamen are also presented, with a total national loss in 2015. The authors then demonstrate that lowering ambient PM2.5 concentrations would be a realistic way for China to reduce the evaluated social losses in the short term. Possible legal measures are listed for lowering ambient PM2.5 concentrations. IMPLICATIONS The present findings quantify the economic effects of ambient PM2.5 due to the increased incidence rate and mortality rate of lung cancer. Lowering ambient PM2.5 concentrations would be the most realistic way for China to reduce tghe evaluated social losses in the short term. Possible legal measures for lowering ambient PM2.5 concentrations to reduce the total losses are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Qi
- a Suzhou High School of Jiangsu Province , Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjia Chen
- b University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jiang Chen
- c Department of Medical Affairs , Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Medicine , Suzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- d Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Departments of Urology and Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , People's Republic of China
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Takeuchi S, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Saito I, Kojima H, Jin K, Satoh M, Kobayashi S, Jinno H. Differential determination of plasticizers and organophosphorus flame retardants in residential indoor air in Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7113-7120. [PMID: 26099596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A variety of chemicals have been used in a wide range of indoor materials, such as wallpaper and furniture, and some of them are released into the indoor air. The level of consumption as well as the diversity of these chemicals has been increasing. The particle size of the materials in the air is known to affect the depth of human exposure, e.g., particles >10 μm can only reach the nasal cavity, whereas particles 2.5-10 μm can reach the respiratory tract and particles <2.5 μm can reach the bottom of the lungs. However, information on the concentrations and form of these chemicals in indoor air is very limited. In this study, we measured 54 compounds, including plasticizers (phthalates, adipates, and others) and organophosphorus flame retardants, in indoor air samples from the living rooms of 21 dwellings in 11 prefectures across Japan. For sampling, we used a four-stage air sampler (multi-nozzle cascade impactor) equipped with three quartz fiber filters to capture chemical particulates in three size ranges (<2.5, 2.5-10, and >10 μm) and a C18 solid-phase extraction disk to capture chemicals that exist in a gas phase in indoor air. Each of the chemicals in the three particulate phases and single gas phase was extracted by acetone and measured separately using GC/MS. Of the 54 compounds tested, 37 were detected in the indoor air samples. The highest concentration observed was that of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (5.1 μg/m3), which was detected in samples from all 21 houses. The 37 compounds were captured in the four fractions at different rates roughly based on their molecular sizes. Compounds with a smaller molecular size were commonly detected as a gas phase, whereas compounds with a larger molecular size were detected as one or more of the three particulate phases in the indoor air samples. Among the three particulate phases, many of the compounds were detected from the filter capturing the smallest (<2.5 μm) particles. Therefore, these results suggest that the chemicals measured in this study might penetrate deeply into the lungs as many of them tend to exist as a gas and/or as particles smaller than 2.5 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Takeuchi
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kami-yoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
| | - Ikue Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kazuo Jin
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masayuki Satoh
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Kita-19, Nishi-12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hideto Jinno
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kami-yoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan
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A Machine Learning Approach for Air Quality Prediction: Model Regularization and Optimization. BIG DATA AND COGNITIVE COMPUTING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/bdcc2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we tackle air quality forecasting by using machine learning approaches to predict the hourly concentration of air pollutants (e.g., ozone, particle matter ( PM 2.5 ) and sulfur dioxide). Machine learning, as one of the most popular techniques, is able to efficiently train a model on big data by using large-scale optimization algorithms. Although there exist some works applying machine learning to air quality prediction, most of the prior studies are restricted to several-year data and simply train standard regression models (linear or nonlinear) to predict the hourly air pollution concentration. In this work, we propose refined models to predict the hourly air pollution concentration on the basis of meteorological data of previous days by formulating the prediction over 24 h as a multi-task learning (MTL) problem. This enables us to select a good model with different regularization techniques. We propose a useful regularization by enforcing the prediction models of consecutive hours to be close to each other and compare it with several typical regularizations for MTL, including standard Frobenius norm regularization, nuclear norm regularization, and ℓ 2 , 1 -norm regularization. Our experiments have showed that the proposed parameter-reducing formulations and consecutive-hour-related regularizations achieve better performance than existing standard regression models and existing regularizations.
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