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Edzie J, Alcala C, Bloomquist TR, Gutierrez-Avila I, Just AC, Midya V, Téllez Rojo MM, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Wright RJ, Wright RO, Baccarelli AA, Rosa MJ. Prenatal and early life exposure to fine particulate matter and telomere length in early childhood. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 263:114447. [PMID: 39265426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomere length is a biomarker of molecular aging that may be impacted by air pollution exposure starting in utero. We aimed to examine the association between prenatal and early life exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in children and explore sex differences. METHODS Analyses included 384 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, and Environmental Stressors (PROGRESS) birth cohort in Mexico City. Exposure to PM2.5 was estimated at the residential level using a satellite based spatio-temporally resolved prediction model. Average relative LTL was measured in DNA isolated from blood collected at age 4-6 years using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between average PM2.5 across pregnancy, individual trimesters, first postnatal year, and LTL. Models were adjusted for maternal age and education at enrollment, prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, child sex, age, and body mass index z-score at LTL measurement. Effect modification by sex was investigated with interaction terms and stratification. RESULTS In trimester specific models, we found an association between 2nd trimester PM2.5 and elongated LTL (β: 4.34, 95%CI [0.42, 8.42], per 5 μg/m3 increase). There was suggestive effect modification by sex on average 2nd trimester PM2.5 with stronger associations seen in females compared to males (β: 7.12, [95%CI: 0.98, 13.6] and β: 1.43 [95%CI: -3.46, 6.57]) per 5 μg/m3 increase respectively. CONCLUSION Second trimester PM2.5 levels were associated with changes in LTL in early childhood. Understanding temporal and sex differences in PM2.5 exposure may provide insights into telomere dynamics over early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesephat Edzie
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Cecilia Alcala
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Tessa R Bloomquist
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, USA
| | - Ivan Gutierrez-Avila
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Martha María Téllez Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Maria José Rosa
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA.
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Wilgus ML, Merchant M. Clearing the Air: Understanding the Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Asthma and COPD. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:307. [PMID: 38338192 PMCID: PMC10855577 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are a global natural phenomenon. In North America, wildfires have not only become more frequent, but also more severe and longer in duration, a trend ascribed to climate change combined with large fuel stores left from modern fire suppression. The intensification of wildfire activity has significant implications for planetary health and public health, as exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in wildfire smoke is linked to adverse health effects. This review focuses on respiratory morbidity from wildfire smoke exposure. Inhalation of wildfire PM2.5 causes lung injury via oxidative stress, local and systemic inflammation, airway epithelium compromise, and increased vulnerability to infection. Wildfire PM2.5 exposure results in exacerbations of pre-existing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with an escalation in healthcare utilization, including emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Wildfire smoke exposure may be associated with asthma onset, long-term impairment of lung function, and increased all-cause mortality. Children, older adults, occupationally-exposed groups, and possibly women are the most at risk from wildfire smoke. Future research is needed to clarify best practices for risk mitigation and wildfire management.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Lin Wilgus
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1405, USA;
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Berg CD, Schiller JH, Boffetta P, Cai J, Connolly C, Kerpel-Fronius A, Kitts AB, Lam DCL, Mohan A, Myers R, Suri T, Tammemagi MC, Yang D, Lam S. Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: A Review by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1277-1289. [PMID: 37277094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second leading cause of lung cancer is air pollution. Air pollution and smoking are synergistic. Air pollution can worsen lung cancer survival. METHODS The Early Detection and Screening Committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer formed a working group to better understand issues in air pollution and lung cancer. These included identification of air pollutants, their measurement, and proposed mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The burden of disease and the underlying epidemiologic evidence linking air pollution to lung cancer in individuals who never and ever smoked were summarized to quantify the problem, assess risk prediction models, and develop recommended actions. RESULTS The number of estimated attributable lung cancer deaths has increased by nearly 30% since 2007 as smoking has decreased and air pollution has increased. In 2013, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified outdoor air pollution and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns in outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer group 1) and as a cause of lung cancer. Lung cancer risk models reviewed do not include air pollution. Estimation of cumulative exposure to air pollution exposure is complex which poses major challenges with accurately collecting long-term exposure to ambient air pollution for incorporation into risk prediction models in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Worldwide air pollution levels vary widely, and the exposed populations also differ. Advocacy to lower sources of exposure is important. Health care can lower its environmental footprint, becoming more sustainable and resilient. The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer community can engage broadly on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan H Schiller
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Casey Connolly
- The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anna Kerpel-Fronius
- Department of Radiology National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David C L Lam
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Renelle Myers
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tejas Suri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Martin C Tammemagi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Lam
- Department of Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency and The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Tian Y, Hu Y, Hou X, Tian F. Impacts and mechanisms of PM 2.5 on bone. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2023-0024. [PMID: 37527559 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease, which is characterized by a decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fracture. The main pathological process of osteoporosis is the dynamic imbalance between bone absorption and bone formation, which can be caused by various factors such as air pollution. Particulate matter (PM)2.5 refers to the fine particles in the atmosphere, which are small in volume and large in specific surface area. These particles are prone to carrying toxic substances and have negative effects on several extrapulmonary organs, including bones. In this review, we present relevant data from studies, which show that PM2.5 is associated with abnormal bone turnover and osteoporosis. PM2.5 may cause or aggravate bone loss by stimulating an inflammatory response, inducing oxidative damage, reducing estrogen efficiency by competitive binding to estrogen receptors, or endocrine disorder mediated by binding with aromatic hydrocarbon receptors, and affecting the synthesis of vitamin D to reduce calcium absorption. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yunpeng Hu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Zhu X, Li Z, Wang Z, Guo C, Qian Y, Wang Z, Li X, Wei Y. Associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and changes in blood telomeres in young people: A repeated-measure study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139053. [PMID: 37245595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is one of the early biomarkers of aging. Air pollutants play an important role in promoting the aging process. However, few studies have explored how they adversely affect human health by altering telomeres. This study aims to investigate the associations between telomere alterations and exposure to ambient air pollutants, thereby shedding light on the intrinsic and profound link between these pollutants and aging. We recruited 26 healthy young people and conducted 7 repeated measure studies from 2019 to 2021, and TL and telomerase (TA) in the blood samples. We analyzed the associations between air pollutants, including ozone (O3), particulate matter in diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) and telomere variability, and explored the lagged effects by linear mixed-effects model. The result showed that short-term exposure to O3 was negatively associated with TL, and this effect in the lag days went up to around 0. In contrast, the associations between O3 and TA presented positive tendency and gradually decreased to around 0 in the lag days. The association between PM2.5 and TL showed positive tendency and gradually decreased to negative. There was no statistically significant association between PM2.5 and TA. Other pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, CO) showed similar patterns of variation to that of PM2.5. Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to O3 shortens TL, which can be gradually recovered through activating TA activity, while exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO lengthens TL and then becomes shorter over time. This implies that the human body has some ability to self-repair telomere changes after exposure to air pollutants, and predictably, when this exposure exceeds a certain threshold, it cannot be repaired, leading to aging of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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Macchi C, Sirtori CR, Corsini A, Mannuccio Mannucci P, Ruscica M. Pollution from fine particulate matter and atherosclerosis: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107923. [PMID: 37119653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano- to micro-sized particles and gaseous components that poses a major global threat to public health. Among the most important air pollutants, causal associations have been established between particulate matter (PM), mainly < 2.5 μm, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), i.e., hypertension, coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias as well as total cardiovascular mortality. Aim of this narrative review is to describe and critically discuss the proatherogenic effects of PM2.5 that have been attributed to many direct or indirect effects comprising endothelial dysfunction, a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, increased production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of metalloproteases, all leading to unstable arterial plaques. Higher concentrations of air pollutants are associated with the presence of vulnerable plaques and plaque ruptures witnessing coronary artery instability. Air pollution is often disregarded as a CVD risk factor, in spite of the fact that it is one of the main modifiable factors relevant for prevention and management of CVD. Thus, not only structural actions should be taken in order to mitigate emissions, but health professionals should also take care to counsel patients on the risks of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Macchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases - Foundation IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Italy.
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7
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Xu R, Li S, Wu Y, Yue X, Wong EM, Southey MC, Hopper JL, Abramson MJ, Li S, Guo Y. Wildfire-related PM 2.5 and DNA methylation: An Australian twin and family study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107704. [PMID: 36542997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has many adverse health impacts, but its impacts on human epigenome are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 and blood DNA methylation, and whether the associations differ from those with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. METHODS We studied 479 Australian women comprising 132 twin pairs and 215 of their sisters. Blood-derived DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Data on 3-year (year of blood collection and previous two years) average wildfire-related and non-wildfire-related PM2.5 at 0.01°×0.01° spatial resolution were created by combining information from satellite observations, chemical transport models, and ground-based observations. Exposure data were linked to each participant's home address, assuming the address did not change during the exposure window. For DNA methylation of each cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG), and for global DNA methylation represented by the average of all measured CpGs or CpGs in repetitive elements, we evaluated their associations with wildfire- or non-wildfire-related PM2.5 using a within-sibship analysis controlling for factors shared between siblings and other important covariates. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were defined by comb-p and DMRcate. RESULTS The 3-year average wildfire-related PM2.5 (range: 0.3 to 7.6 µg/m3, mean: 1.6 µg/m3) was negatively, but not significantly (p-values greater than 0.05) associated with all seven global DNA methylation measures. There were 26 CpGs and 33 DMRs associated with wildfire-related PM2.5 (Bonferroni adjusted p-value < 0.05) mapped to 47 genes enriched for pathways related to inflammatory regulation and platelet activation. These genes have been related to many human diseases or phenotypes e.g., cancer, mental disorders, diabetes, obesity, asthma, blood pressure. These CpGs, DMRs and enriched pathways did not overlap with the 1 CpG and 7 DMRs associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2.5 was associated with various blood DNA methylation signatures in Australian women, and these were distinct from those associated with non-wildfire-related PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Xu Yue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ee Ming Wong
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shuai Li
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Sung HJ, Jeong SH, Kang JY, Kim C, Nam YJ, Kim JY, Choi JY, Lee HJ, Lee YS, Kim EY, Baek YW, Lee H, Lee JH. Hematotoxic Effect of Respiratory Exposure to PHMG-p and Its Integrated Genetic Analysis. TOXICS 2022; 10:694. [PMID: 36422902 PMCID: PMC9693004 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p), the main ingredient of humidifier disinfectants, circulates systemically through the lungs; however, its toxicological assessment has been primarily limited to pulmonary disease. Herein, we investigated the possible abnormalities in hematopoietic function 20 weeks after intratracheal instillation of PHMG-p in a rat model. Notable abnormalities were found out in the peripheral blood cell count and bone marrow (BM) biopsy, while RNA sequencing of BM tissue revealed markedly altered gene expression. Furthermore, signaling involved in hematopoietic dysfunction was predicted by analyzing candidate genes through Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) program. Respiratory PHMG-p exposure significantly decreased monocyte and platelet (PLT) counts and total protein, while significantly increasing hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in peripheral blood. Histopathological analysis of the BM revealed a reduced number of megakaryocytes, with no significant differences in spleen and liver weight to body weight. Moreover, PHMG-p exposure significantly activated estrogen receptor signaling and RHOA signaling, and inhibited RHOGDI signaling. In IPA analysis, candidate genes were found to be strongly related to 'hematological system development and function' and 'hematological disease.' Accordingly, our results suggest that PHMG-p could affect hematopoiesis, which participates in monocyte differentiation and PLT production, and may induce hematologic diseases via the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Sung
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jeong
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Kang
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Nam
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seon Lee
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeob Kim
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wook Baek
- Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Environmental Health Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Lee
- Medical Science Research Center, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si 15355, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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Orysiak J, Młynarczyk M, Piec R, Jakubiak A. Lifestyle and environmental factors may induce airway and systemic inflammation in firefighters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73741-73768. [PMID: 36094704 PMCID: PMC9465149 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Health status depends on multiple genetic and non-genetic factors. Nonheritable factors (such as lifestyle and environmental factors) have stronger impact on immune responses than genetic factors. Firefighters work is associated with exposure to air pollution and heat stress, as well as: extreme physical effort, mental stress, or a changed circadian rhythm, among others. All these factors can contribute to both, short-term and long-term impairment of the physical and mental health of firefighters. Increased levels of some inflammatory markers, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines or C-reactive protein (CRP) have been observed in firefighters, which can lead to local, acute inflammation that promotes a systemic inflammatory response. It is worth emphasizing that inflammation is one of the main hallmarks of cancer and also plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This article presents possible causes of the development of an inflammatory reaction in firefighters, with particular emphasis on airway inflammation caused by smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Orysiak
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Młynarczyk
- Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska St. 16, 00-701, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Piec
- Institute of Internal Security, The Main School of Fire Service, Słowackiego St. 52/54, 01-629, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jakubiak
- Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki and Wigury St. 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Phung VLH, Uttajug A, Ueda K, Yulianti N, Latif MT, Naito D. A scoping review on the health effects of smoke haze from vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia: Issues with study approaches and interpretation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274433. [PMID: 36107927 PMCID: PMC9477317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoke haze due to vegetation and peatland fires in Southeast Asia is a serious public health concern. Several approaches have been applied in previous studies; however, the concepts and interpretations of these approaches are poorly understood. In this scoping review, we addressed issues related to the application of epidemiology (EPI), health burden estimation (HBE), and health risk assessment (HRA) approaches, and discussed the interpretation of findings, and current research gaps. Most studies reported an air quality index exceeding the ‘unhealthy’ level, especially during smoke haze periods. Although smoke haze is a regional issue in Southeast Asia, studies on its related health effects have only been reported from several countries in the region. Each approach revealed increased health effects in a distinct manner: EPI studies reported excess mortality and morbidity during smoke haze compared to non-smoke haze periods; HBE studies estimated approximately 100,000 deaths attributable to smoke haze in the entire Southeast Asia considering all-cause mortality and all age groups, which ranged from 1,064–260,000 for specified mortality cause, age group, study area, and study period; HRA studies quantified potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks due to exposure to smoke-related chemicals. Currently, there is a lack of interconnection between these three approaches. The EPI approach requires extensive effort to investigate lifetime health effects, whereas the HRA approach needs to clarify the assumptions in exposure assessments to estimate lifetime health risks. The HBE approach allows the presentation of health impact in different scenarios, however, the risk functions used are derived from EPI studies from other regions. Two recent studies applied a combination of the EPI and HBE approaches to address uncertainty issues due to the selection of risk functions. In conclusion, all approaches revealed potential health risks due to smoke haze. Nonetheless, future studies should consider comparable exposure assessments to allow the integration of the three approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ling Hui Phung
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Attica Uttajug
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nina Yulianti
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
- Graduate Program of Environmental Science, Universitas Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daisuke Naito
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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11
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Vose A, McCravy M, Birukova A, Yang Z, Hollingsworth JW, Que LG, Tighe RM. Wood smoke particle exposure in mice reduces the severity of influenza infection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115645. [PMID: 34271066 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Elevated ambient temperatures and extreme weather events have increased the incidence of wildfires world-wide resulting in increased wood smoke particle (WSP). Epidemiologic data suggests that WSP exposure associates with exacerbations of respiratory diseases, and with increased respiratory viral infections. To assess the impact of WSP exposure on host response to viral pneumonia, we performed WSP exposures in rodents followed by infection with mouse adapted influenza (HINI-PR8). C57BL/6 male mice aged 6-8 weeks were challenged with WSP or PBS by oropharyngeal aspiration in acute (single dose) or sub-acute exposures (day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10). Additional groups underwent sub-acute exposure followed by infection by influenza or heat-inactivated (HI) virus. Following exposures/infection, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed to assess for total cell counts/differentials, total protein, protein carbonyls and hyaluronan. Lung tissue was assessed for viral counts by real time PCR. When compared to PBS, acute WSP exposure associated with an increase in airspace macrophages. Alternatively, sub-acute exposure resulted in a dose dependent increase in airspace neutrophils. Sub-acute WSP exposure followed by influenza infection was associated with improved respiratory viral outcomes including reduced weight loss and increased blood oxygen saturation, and decreased protein carbonyls and viral titers. Flow cytometry demonstrated dynamic changes in pulmonary macrophage and T cell subsets based on challenge with WSP and influenza. This data suggests that sub-acute WSP exposure can improve host response to acute influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Vose
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew McCravy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Zhonghui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John W Hollingsworth
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, Texas Christian University School of Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Loretta G Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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12
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Campbell SJ, Wolfer K, Utinger B, Westwood J, Zhang ZH, Bukowiecki N, Steimer SS, Vu TV, Xu J, Straw N, Thomson S, Elzein A, Sun Y, Liu D, Li L, Fu P, Lewis AC, Harrison RM, Bloss WJ, Loh M, Miller MR, Shi Z, Kalberer M. Atmospheric conditions and composition that influence PM 2.5 oxidative potential in Beijing, China. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:5549-5573. [PMID: 34462630 PMCID: PMC7611584 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-5549-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have consistently linked exposure to PM2.5 with adverse health effects. The oxidative potential (OP) of aerosol particles has been widely suggested as a measure of their potential toxicity. Several acellular chemical assays are now readily employed to measure OP; however, uncertainty remains regarding the atmospheric conditions and specific chemical components of PM2.5 that drive OP. A limited number of studies have simultaneously utilised multiple OP assays with a wide range of concurrent measurements and investigated the seasonality of PM2.5 OP. In this work, filter samples were collected in winter 2016 and summer 2017 during the atmospheric pollution and human health in a Chinese megacity campaign (APHH-Beijing), and PM2.5 OP was analysed using four acellular methods: ascorbic acid (AA), dithiothreitol (DTT), 2,7-dichlorofluorescin/hydrogen peroxidase (DCFH) and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Each assay reflects different oxidising properties of PM2.5, including particle-bound reactive oxygen species (DCFH), superoxide radical production (EPR) and catalytic redox chemistry (DTT/AA), and a combination of these four assays provided a detailed overall picture of the oxidising properties of PM2.5 at a central site in Beijing. Positive correlations of OP (normalised per volume of air) of all four assays with overall PM2.5 mass were observed, with stronger correlations in winter compared to summer. In contrast, when OP assay values were normalised for particle mass, days with higher PM2.5 mass concentrations (μgm-3) were found to have lower mass-normalised OP values as measured by AA and DTT. This finding supports that total PM2.5 mass concentrations alone may not always be the best indicator for particle toxicity. Univariate analysis of OP values and an extensive range of additional measurements, 107 in total, including PM2.5 composition, gas-phase composition and meteorological data, provided detailed insight into the chemical components and atmospheric processes that determine PM2.5 OP variability. Multivariate statistical analyses highlighted associations of OP assay responses with varying chemical components in PM2.5 for both mass- and volume-normalised data. AA and DTT assays were well predicted by a small set of measurements in multiple linear regression (MLR) models and indicated fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions and biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) as influential particle sources in the assay response. Mass MLR models of OP associated with compositional source profiles predicted OP almost as well as volume MLR models, illustrating the influence of mass composition on both particle-level OP and total volume OP. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that different assays cover different chemical spaces, and through comparison of mass- and volume-normalised data we demonstrate that mass-normalised OP provides a more nuanced picture of compositional drivers and sources of OP compared to volume-normalised analysis. This study constitutes one of the most extensive and comprehensive composition datasets currently available and provides a unique opportunity to explore chemical variations in PM2.5 and how they affect both PM2.5 OP and the concentrations of particle-bound reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Campbell
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Wolfer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battist Utinger
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joe Westwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Bukowiecki
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuan V. Vu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jingsha Xu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Straw
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Thomson
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Atallah Elzein
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Yele Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Alastair C. Lewis
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, UK
| | - Roy M. Harrison
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William J. Bloss
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miranda Loh
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark R. Miller
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zongbo Shi
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Hung SC, Cheng HY, Yang CC, Lin CI, Ho CK, Lee WH, Cheng FJ, Li CJ, Chuang HY. The Association of White Blood Cells and Air Pollutants-A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052370. [PMID: 33804362 PMCID: PMC7957746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The links of air pollutants to health hazards have been revealed in literature and inflammation responses might play key roles in the processes of diseases. WBC count is one of the indexes of inflammation, however the l iterature reveals inconsistent opinions on the relationship between WBC counts and exposure to air pollutants. The goal of this population-based observational study was to examine the associations between multiple air pollutants and WBC counts. This study recruited community subjects from Kaohsiung city. WBC count, demographic and health hazard habit data were collected. Meanwhile, air pollutants data (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and O3) were also obtained. Both datasets were merged for statistical analysis. Single- and multiple-pollutants models were adopted for the analysis. A total of 10,140 adults (43.2% males; age range, 33~86 years old) were recruited. Effects of short-term ambient concentrations (within one week) of CO could increase counts of WBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. However, SO2 could decrease counts of WBC, neutrophils, and monocytes. Gender, BMI, and smoking could also contribute to WBC count increases, though their effects are minor when compared to CO. Air pollutants, particularly SO2, NO2 and CO, may thus be related to alterations of WBC counts, and this would imply air pollution has an impact on human systematic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chiang Hung
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
| | - Chen-Cheng Yang
- Departments of Occupational Medicine and Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Kung Ho
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (S.-C.H.); (H.-Y.C.); (C.-K.H.)
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huei Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Fu-Jen Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chao-Jui Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; (W.-H.L.); (F.-J.C.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, and Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101
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14
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Zhang Y, Li J, Liao J, Hu C, Cao Z, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y. Impacts of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter on Blood Pressure Pattern and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Evidence From the Wuhan Cohort Study. Hypertension 2021; 77:1133-1140. [PMID: 33611939 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Juxiao Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Chen Hu
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Z.C.)
| | - Wei Xia
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Shunqing Xu
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China (Y.Z., J. Li, J. Liao, C.H., W.X., S.X., Y.L.)
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15
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Harnung Scholten R, Møller P, Jovanovic Andersen Z, Dehlendorff C, Khan J, Brandt J, Ketzel M, Knudsen LE, Mathiesen L. Telomere length in newborns is associated with exposure to low levels of air pollution during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106202. [PMID: 33120230 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker of biological aging that may be affected by prenatal exposure to air pollution. The aim of this study was to assess the association between prenatal exposure to air pollution and TL in maternal blood cells (leukocytes), placenta and umbilical cord blood cells, sampled immediately after birth in 296 Danish mother-child pairs from a birth cohort. Exposure data was obtained using the high-resolution and spatial-temporal air pollution modeling system DEHM-UBM-AirGIS for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NH4+, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), CO, O3, NO2, and NOx at residential and occupational addresses of the participating women for the full duration of the pregnancy. The association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and TL was investigated using distributed lag models. There were significant and positive associations between TL in umbilical cord blood cells and prenatal exposure to BC, OC, NO2, NOx, CO, and O3 during the second trimester. TL in umbilical cord blood was significantly and inversely associated with prenatal exposure to PM2.5, BC, OC, SO2, NH4+, CO and NO2 during the third trimester. There were similar inverse associations between TL from umbilical cord blood cells and air pollution exposure at the residential and occupational addresses. There were weaker or no associations between air pollution exposure and TL in placenta tissue and maternal blood cells. In conclusion, both the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are shown to be sensitive windows of exposure to air pollution affecting fetal TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harnung Scholten
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Center for Epidemiological Research, Ejegodvej 63, DK-4800 Nykøbing, Denmark
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Danish Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA) at University of Aarhus, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, POB 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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16
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Pollutants on Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196996. [PMID: 32977499 PMCID: PMC7583016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a complex and intricate process that aims to replenish blood components in a constant fashion. It is orchestrated mostly by hematopoietic progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)) that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation. These cells can originate other cell subtypes that are responsible for maintaining vital functions, mediate innate and adaptive immune responses, provide tissues with oxygen, and control coagulation. Hematopoiesis in adults takes place in the bone marrow, which is endowed with an extensive vasculature conferring an intense flow of cells. A myriad of cell subtypes can be found in the bone marrow at different levels of activation, being also under constant action of an extensive amount of diverse chemical mediators and enzymatic systems. Bone marrow platelets, mature erythrocytes and leukocytes are delivered into the bloodstream readily available to meet body demands. Leukocytes circulate and reach different tissues, returning or not returning to the bloodstream. Senescent leukocytes, specially granulocytes, return to the bone marrow to be phagocytized by macrophages, restarting granulopoiesis. The constant high production and delivery of cells into the bloodstream, alongside the fact that blood cells can also circulate between tissues, makes the hematopoietic system a prime target for toxic agents to act upon, making the understanding of the bone marrow microenvironment vital for both toxicological sciences and risk assessment. Environmental and occupational pollutants, therapeutic molecules, drugs of abuse, and even nutritional status can directly affect progenitor cells at their differentiation and maturation stages, altering behavior and function of blood compounds and resulting in impaired immune responses, anemias, leukemias, and blood coagulation disturbances. This review aims to describe the most recently investigated molecular and cellular toxicity mechanisms of current major environmental pollutants on hematopoiesis in the bone marrow.
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Taj T, Poulsen AH, Ketzel M, Geels C, Brandt J, Christensen JH, Puett R, Hvidtfeldt UA, Sørensen M, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and its constituents and risk of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Denmark: A population-based case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109762. [PMID: 32535359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a complex mixture and the various PM constituents likely affect health differently. The literature on the relationships among specific PM constituents and the risk of cancer is sparse. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of PM2.5 and its constituents with the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and the two main NHL subtypes. METHODS We undertook a nationwide register-based case-control study including 20,847 cases registered in the Danish Cancer Registry with NHL between 1989 and 2014. Among the entire Danish population, we selected 41,749 age and sex-matched controls randomly from the Civil Registration System. We assessed modelled outdoor PM concentrations at addresses of cases and controls with a state-of-the-art multi scale air pollution modelling system and used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for individual and neighborhood level socio-demographic variables. RESULTS The 10-year time-weighted average concentrations of PM2.5, primary carbonaceous particles (BC/OC), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and sea salt were 17.4, 2.3, 7.8, 0.3, and 4.1 μg/m3, respectively among controls. The results showed higher risk for NHL in association with exposure to BC/OC (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07, per interquartile range (IQR)) and SOA (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.09, per IQR). The results indicated a higher risk for follicular lymphoma in association with several PM components. Including PM2.5 (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.98-1.38), BC/OC (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.97-1.14), SIA (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.80-1.08), SOA (OR = 4.52; 95% CI: 0.86-23.83) per IQR. CONCLUSION This is the first study on PM constituents and the risk of NHL. The results indicated an association with primary carbonaceous and secondary organic PM. The results need replication in other settings before any firm conclusion can be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Taj
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Aslak Harbo Poulsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Robin Puett
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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18
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Wang C, Wolters PJ, Calfee CS, Liu S, Balmes JR, Zhao Z, Koyama T, Ware LB. Long-term ozone exposure is positively associated with telomere length in critically ill patients. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105780. [PMID: 32417614 PMCID: PMC7535086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic air pollutant exposure has been associated with development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in patients at risk, particularly from severe trauma. We recently reported that shorter peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) telomere length (TL) was associated with worse outcomes and higher severity of ARDS in critically ill patients. Since most major air pollutants are potent oxidants that can induce cellular oxidative stress, and oxidative stress can accelerate telomere shortening, we hypothesized that higher levels of chronic air pollutant exposure would be associated with shorter telomere length in critically ill patients including patients with ARDS. METHODS PBL-TL was measured in genomic DNA collected on the morning of ICU day 2 in 772 critically ill patients enrolled in a prospective observational study. Exposures to air pollutants including ozone (warm-season only), particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), particulate matter < 10 µm (PM10), CO, NO2 and SO2, were estimated by weighted average of daily levels from all monitors within 50 km of each patient's residential address for the 3 years prior to admission. Associations of each air pollutant exposure and PBL-TL were investigated by multivariable linear regression models adjusting for age, ethnicity, sex, smoking history, alcohol abuse, insurance status, median household income, history of malignancy and APACHE II. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, TL increased across exposure quartiles in both ozone and PM2.5 analyses (p < 0.05). In a regression model controlling for potential confounders, long term ozone exposure was significantly associated with an increase in TL in the entire cohort (0.31 kb per 10 ppb), as well as in subgroups with sepsis, trauma and ARDS (all p < 0.05). In multivariable models, entire-year exposure to PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2 and SO2 was not associated with TL after adjustment for potential confounders. In an analysis restricted to warm-season levels to assess the effect of seasonality, higher warm-season PM2.5 and CO exposures were independently associated with longer TL. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ozone is associated with longer peripheral blood TL in critically ill patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms for this unexpected positive association between telomere length and air pollution exposure in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Wang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - John R Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tatsuki Koyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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19
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Kelly FJ, Fussell JC. Global nature of airborne particle toxicity and health effects: a focus on megacities, wildfires, dust storms and residential biomass burning. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:331-345. [PMID: 32905302 PMCID: PMC7467248 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since air pollutants are difficult and expensive to control, a strong scientific underpinning to policies is needed to guide mitigation aimed at reducing the current burden on public health. Much of the evidence concerning hazard identification and risk quantification related to air pollution comes from epidemiological studies. This must be reinforced with mechanistic confirmation to infer causality. In this review we focus on data generated from four contrasting sources of particulate air pollution that result in high population exposures and thus where there remains an unmet need to protect health: urban air pollution in developing megacities, household biomass combustion, wildfires and desert dust storms. Taking each in turn, appropriate measures to protect populations will involve advocating smart cities and addressing economic and behavioural barriers to sustained adoption of clean stoves and fuels. Like all natural hazards, wildfires and dust storms are a feature of the landscape that cannot be removed. However, many efforts from emission containment (land/fire management practices), exposure avoidance and identifying susceptible populations can be taken to prepare for air pollution episodes and ensure people are out of harm's way when conditions are life-threatening. Communities residing in areas affected by unhealthy concentrations of any airborne particles will benefit from optimum communication via public awareness campaigns, designed to empower people to modify behaviour in a way that improves their health as well as the quality of the air they breathe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Kelly
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Sir Michael Uren Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julia C Fussell
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Sir Michael Uren Building, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 80-92 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
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20
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Ontawong A, Saokaew S, Jamroendararasame B, Duangjai A. Impact of long-term exposure wildfire smog on respiratory health outcomes. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:527-531. [PMID: 32156169 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1740089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution is a global problem and also linked to respiratory diseases. Wildfire smog is a major cause of air pollution in the upper northern area of Thailand. Thus, in the current study, we examined whether long-term exposure to wildfire smog induces lung function changes in a population from the upper northern area of Thailand.Methods: The lung function of 115 participants with long-term exposure smog was determined using peak flow meter.Results: Long-term smoke exposure participants decreased FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second)/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio (56.49 ± 23.88 in males and 56.29 ± 28.23 in females) compared with general Thai population. Moreover, the reduction of FVC, FEV1, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) values also showed in both male and female subjects. These results suggest that long-term smoke exposure induces obstructive lung abnormality. Moreover, itchy/watery nose, cough, phlegm, and chest pain also reported in these subjects.Conclusion: Wildfire smog could be induced respiratory pathway inflammation and easily collapsible respiratory airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,Unit of Excellent in Research and Product Development of Coffee and Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Surasak Saokaew
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,Unit of Excellence on Clinical Outcomes Research and IntegratioN (UNICORN), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,Unit of Excellence on Herbal Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, Biomedicine Research Advancement Centre, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Busabong Jamroendararasame
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,University of Phayao Medical Center and Hospital, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,Unit of Excellent in Research and Product Development of Coffee and Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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21
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Gondalia R, Holliday KM, Baldassari A, Justice AE, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Engel SM, Jordahl KM, Bhatti P, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Pankow JS, Demerath EW, Guan W, Fornage M, Bressler J, North KE, Conneely KN, Li Y, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA. Leukocyte Traits and Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17004. [PMID: 31903802 PMCID: PMC7015624 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate PM-leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 165,675 ). METHODS We based the PM-leukocyte estimations on up to four study visits per participant, at which peripheral blood leukocytes and geocoded address-specific concentrations of PM ≤ 10 , ≤ 2.5 , and 2.5 - 10 μ m in diameter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 2.5 - 10 , respectively) were available. We multiply imputed missing data using chained equations and estimated PM-leukocyte count associations over daily to yearly PM exposure averaging periods using center-specific, linear, mixed, longitudinal models weighted for attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and geographic covariates. In a subset of participants with available data (n = 8,457 ), we also estimated PM-leukocyte proportion associations in compositional data analyses. RESULTS We found a 12 cells / μ L (95% confidence interval: - 9 , 33) higher leukocyte count, a 1.2% (0.6%, 1.8%) higher granulocyte proportion, and a - 1.1 % (- 1.9 % , - 0.3 % ) lower CD 8 + T-cell proportion per 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in 1-month mean PM 2.5 . However, shorter-duration PM 10 exposures were inversely and only modestly associated with leukocyte count. DISCUSSION The PM 2.5 -leukocyte estimates, albeit imprecise, suggest that among racially, ethnically, and environmentally diverse U.S. populations, sustained, ambient exposure to fine PM may induce subclinical, but epidemiologically important, inflammatory effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn M. Holliday
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Antoine Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristina M. Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Abstract
It is well known that particulate matter suspended in the earth's atmosphere generated by tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, industrial processes, and forest fires has been identified as a major risk factor for chronic lung disease. Particulate matter can be divided into large, intermediate, and fine particulates. When inhaled, large particulates develop sufficient momentum to leave the flowing stream of inhaled air and deposit by impaction in the nose, mouth, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and central bronchi. Intermediate-sized particulates that develop less momentum deposit in the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, and the finest particulates that develop the least momentum make it to the distal gas-exchanging tissue, where gas moves solely by diffusion. On the basis of Einstein's classic work on Brownian motion that showed particles suspended in a gas diffuse much more slowly than the gas in which they are suspended, we postulate that the small airways that accommodate the shift from bulk airflow to diffusion become the major site for deposition of fine particles, resulting in a host immune response. Much remains to be learned about the interaction between the deposition of fine particulates and the host immune and tissue responses; the purpose of this review is to examine the hypothesis that the smallest conducting airways and proximal gas-exchanging tissue are the primary sites for the deposition of the finest particulates inhaled into the lungs.
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23
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Aisanov ZR, Chuchalin AG, Kalmanova EN. [Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular comorbidity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:24-36. [PMID: 31526359 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a greater understanding of the heterogeneity and complexity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has come from the point of view of an integrated clinical assessment of severity, pathophysiology, and the relationship with other pathologies. A typical COPD patient suffers on average 4 or more concomitant diseases and every day about a third of patients take from 5 to 10 different drugs. The mechanisms of the interaction of COPD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) include the effects of systemic inflammation, hyperinflation (hyperinflation) of the lungs and bronchial obstruction. The risk of developing CVD in patients with COPD is on average 2-3 times higher than in people of a comparable age in the general population, even taking into account the risk of smoking. The prevalence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and rhythm disturbances among COPD patients is significantly higher than in the general population. The article discusses in detail the safety of prescribing various groups of drugs for the treatment of CVD in patients with COPD. Achieving success in understanding and managing patients with COPD and CVD is possible using an integrated multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Aisanov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - A G Chuchalin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | - E N Kalmanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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24
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Cheong KH, Ngiam NJ, Morgan GG, Pek PP, Tan BYQ, Lai JW, Koh JM, Ong MEH, Ho AFW. Acute Health Impacts of the Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze Problem-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183286. [PMID: 31500215 PMCID: PMC6765769 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution has emerged as one of the world’s largest environmental health threats, with various studies demonstrating associations between exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Regional air quality in Southeast Asia has been seasonally affected by the transboundary haze problem, which has often been the result of forest fires from “slash-and-burn” farming methods. In light of growing public health concerns, recent studies have begun to examine the health effects of this seasonal haze problem in Southeast Asia. This review paper aims to synthesize current research efforts on the impact of the Southeast Asian transboundary haze on acute aspects of public health. Existing studies conducted in countries affected by transboundary haze indicate consistent links between haze exposure and acute psychological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity and mortality. Future prospective and longitudinal studies are warranted to quantify the long-term health effects of recurrent, but intermittent, exposure to high levels of seasonal haze. The mechanism, toxicology and pathophysiology by which these toxic particles contribute to disease and mortality should be further investigated. Epidemiological studies on the disease burden and socioeconomic cost of haze exposure would also be useful to guide policy-making and international strategy in minimizing the impact of seasonal haze in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hao Cheong
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas Jinghao Ngiam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pin Pin Pek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Joel Weijia Lai
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jin Ming Koh
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Fu Wah Ho
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Emergency Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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25
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Cheong KH, Ngiam NJ, Morgan GG, Pek PP, Tan BYQ, Lai JW, Koh JM, Ong MEH, Ho AFW. Acute Health Impacts of the Southeast Asian Transboundary Haze Problem-A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [PMID: 31500215 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-007-9392-210.3390/ijerph16183286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has emerged as one of the world's largest environmental health threats, with various studies demonstrating associations between exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Regional air quality in Southeast Asia has been seasonally affected by the transboundary haze problem, which has often been the result of forest fires from "slash-and-burn" farming methods. In light of growing public health concerns, recent studies have begun to examine the health effects of this seasonal haze problem in Southeast Asia. This review paper aims to synthesize current research efforts on the impact of the Southeast Asian transboundary haze on acute aspects of public health. Existing studies conducted in countries affected by transboundary haze indicate consistent links between haze exposure and acute psychological, respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity and mortality. Future prospective and longitudinal studies are warranted to quantify the long-term health effects of recurrent, but intermittent, exposure to high levels of seasonal haze. The mechanism, toxicology and pathophysiology by which these toxic particles contribute to disease and mortality should be further investigated. Epidemiological studies on the disease burden and socioeconomic cost of haze exposure would also be useful to guide policy-making and international strategy in minimizing the impact of seasonal haze in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hao Cheong
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas Jinghao Ngiam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pin Pin Pek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Joel Weijia Lai
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jin Ming Koh
- Science and Math Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Fu Wah Ho
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Emergency Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore 169609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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26
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Abstract
Inflammation is a common and essential event in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Decades of research has converged on an understanding that all combustion-derived particulate matter (PM) is inflammatory to some extent in the lungs and also systemically, substantially explaining a significant portion of the massive cardiopulmonary disease burden associated with these exposures. In general, this means that efforts to do the following can all be beneficial: reduce particulates at the source, decrease the inflammatory potential of PM output, and, where PM inhalation is unavoidable, administer anti-inflammatory treatment. A range of research, including basic illumination of inflammatory pathways, assessment of disease burden in large cohorts, tailored treatment trials, and epidemiologic, animal, and in vitro studies, is highlighted in this review. However, meaningful translation of this research to decrease the burden of disease and deliver a clear and cohesive message to guide daily clinical practice remains rudimentary. Ongoing efforts to better understand substantial differences in the concentration and type of PM to which the global community is exposed and then distill how that influences inflammation promises to have real-world benefit. This review addresses this complex topic in 3 sections, including ambient PM (typically associated with ground-level transportation), wildfire-induced PM, and PM from indoor biomass burning. Recognizing the overlap between these domains, we also describe differences and suggest future directions to better inform clinical practice and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chris Carlsten
- Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, Department of Medicine and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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27
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Hassan L, Pecht T, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Kloog I, Yarza S, Sarov B, Novack V. The effects of ambient particulate matter on human adipose tissue. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:564-576. [PMID: 31242808 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1634381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on adipose tissue have mainly been studied in animal models. The aim of this study was to examine the potential associations between PM exposure and 25 cellular markers in human omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue. The PM exposure assessments for both PM2.5 (PM <2.5 μm in diameter) and PM10 (<10 μm) were based upon a novel hybrid satellite-based spatio-temporally resolved model. We calculated the PM exposure above the background threshold for 1 week (acute phase), 3 and 6 months (intermediate phase), and 1 year (chronic phase) prior to tissue harvesting and tested the associations with adipose cell metabolic effects using multiple linear regressions and heat maps strategy. Chemokine levels were found to increase after acute and intermediate exposure duration to PM10. The levels of stress signaling biomarkers in the SC and OM tissues rose after acute exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Macrophage and leucocyte counts were associated with severity of PM exposure in all three duration groups. Adipocyte diameter decreased in all exposure periods. Our results provide evidence for significant contribution of air pollutants exposure to adipose tissue inflammation as well as for pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation that may be involved in the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Hassan
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Itai Kloog
- c Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Shaked Yarza
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Batia Sarov
- d Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
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28
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Tan BY, Leong AZ, Leow AS, Ngiam NJ, Ng BS, Sharma M, Yeo LL, Seow PA, Hong CS, Chee YH, Chen J, Du Z, Wong LY, Batra A, Sarkar N, Teoh HL, Ho RC, Sharma VK. Psychosomatic symptoms during South East Asian haze crisis are related to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208724. [PMID: 30615620 PMCID: PMC6322770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Forest fires in South Asia lead to widespread haze, where many healthy individuals develop psychosomatic symptoms. We investigated the effects of haze exposure on cerebral hemodynamics and new symptoms. We hypothesised that vasoactive substances present in the haze, would lead to vasodilation of cerebral vasculature, thereby altering cerebral hemodynamics, which in turn may account for new psychosomatic symptoms. METHODS Seventy-four healthy volunteers were recruited, and serial transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography was performed to record blood flow parameters of bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCA). The first TCD was performed in an air-conditioned environment. It was repeated outdoors after the participants spent 30-minutes in the haze environment. The prevailing level of pollutant standards index (PSI) was recorded. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed to compare cerebral hemodynamics at baseline and after haze exposure in all participants. Subgroup analyses were then employed to compare the findings between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. RESULTS Study participants' median age was 30 years (IQR 26-34), and new psychosomatic symptoms were reported by 35 (47.3%). There was a modest but significant decrease in pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) in the left MCA after haze exposure (PI: p = 0.026; RI: p = 0.021). When compared to baseline parameters, haze exposure resulted in significantly lower mean PI (p = 0.001) and RI (p = 0.001) in symptomatic patients, but this difference was not present in asymptomatic patients (PI: p = 0.919; RI: p = 0.970). CONCLUSION Haze causes significant alterations in cerebral hemodynamics in susceptible individuals, probably responsible for various psychosomatic symptoms. The prognostic implications and health effects of haze require evaluation in a larger study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Adriel Z. Leong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Aloysius S. Leow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J. Ngiam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Bridget S. Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manasi Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Leonard L. Yeo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Philip A. Seow
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chiew S. Hong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Young H. Chee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jintao Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zhengdao Du
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lily Y. Wong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Amit Batra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hock-Luen Teoh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Roger C. Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Particulate Matter Air Pollution: Effects on the Cardiovascular System. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 30505291 PMCID: PMC6250783 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate components, each of which has detrimental effects on human health. While the composition of air pollution varies greatly depending on the source, studies from across the world have consistently shown that air pollution is an important modifiable risk factor for significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Moreover, clinical studies have generally shown a greater impact of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on health than the gaseous components. PM has wide-ranging deleterious effects on human health, particularly on the cardiovascular system. Both acute and chronic exposure to PM air pollution is associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic/thrombotic stroke. Particulate matter has also been shown to be an important endocrine disrupter, contributing to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus, which themselves are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. While the epidemiological evidence for the deleterious effects of PM air pollution on health is increasingly accepted, newer studies are shedding light on the mechanisms by which PM exerts its toxic effects. A greater understanding of how PM exerts toxic effects on human health is required in order to prevent and minimize the deleterious health effects of this ubiquitous environmental hazard. Air pollution is a growing public health problem and mortality due to air pollution is expected to double by 2050. Here, we review the epidemiological evidence for the cardiovascular effects of PM exposure and discuss current understanding about the biological mechanisms, by which PM exerts toxic effects on cardiovascular system to induce cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gökhan M. Mutlu
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Hamon R, Tran HB, Roscioli E, Ween M, Jersmann H, Hodge S. Bushfire smoke is pro-inflammatory and suppresses macrophage phagocytic function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13424. [PMID: 30194323 PMCID: PMC6128914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bushfires are increasing in frequency and severity worldwide. Bushfire smoke contains organic/inorganic compounds including aldehydes and acrolein. We described suppressive effects of tobacco smoke on the phagocytic capacity of airway macrophages, linked to secondary necrosis of uncleared apoptotic epithelial cells, persistence of non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), and inflammation. We hypothesised that bushfire smoke extract (BFSE) would similarly impair macrophage function. THP-1 or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were exposed to 1-10% BFSE prepared from foliage of 5 common Australian native plants (genus Acacia or Eucalyptus), or 10% cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Phagocytic recognition receptors were measured by flow cytometry; pro-inflammatory cytokines and caspase 1 by immunofluorescence or cytometric bead array; viability by LDH assay; and capsase-3/PARP by western blot. BFSE significantly decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or NTHi by both THP-1 macrophages and MDM vs air control, consistent with the effects of CSE. BFSE significantly decreased MDM expression of CD36, CD44, SR-A1, CD206 and TLR-2 and increased active IL-1β, caspase-1 and secreted IL-8. BFSE dose-dependently decreased THP-1 macrophage viability (5-fold increase in LDH at 10%) and significantly increased active caspase-3. BFSE impairs macrophage function to a similar extent as CSE, highlighting the need for further research, especially in patients with pre-existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Hamon
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hai B Tran
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Miranda Ween
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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31
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Gianniou N, Giannakopoulou C, Dima E, Kardara M, Katsaounou P, Tsakatikas A, Roussos C, Koulouris N, Rovina N. Acute effects of smoke exposure on airway and systemic inflammation in forest firefighters. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:81-88. [PMID: 29719412 PMCID: PMC5922237 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s136417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to assess respiratory health and airway and systemic inflammation in professional forest firefighters post firefighting. Methods A total of 60 firefighters who participated in forest firefighting operations in Greece during 2008 were included in the study. A questionnaire consisting of symptoms and exposure, pulmonary function, atopy, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and markers of inflammation in induced sputum, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assessed. Results A measurable eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation was shown to be induced in the bronchial airways after acute exposure during forest firefighting. This was associated with increased respiratory symptoms from the upper and lower respiratory tract and pulmonary function impairment. Additionally, a measurable systemic inflammatory response was demonstrated. This study showed that acute exposure during forest firefighting significantly augments the intensity of airway and systemic inflammation in relation to the baseline inflammatory background due to chronic exposure. Conclusion The repeated acute exposures during firefighting augment the burden of chronic airway and systemic inflammation and may eventually lead to allergic sensitization of the airways and increased incidence of rhinitis and asthma after prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Gianniou
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Evangelismos Hospital
| | | | - Efrossini Dima
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital; Athens Medical School
| | - Matina Kardara
- "M. Simos" Laboratories, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | | | | | - Charis Roussos
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Evangelismos Hospital.,1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital; Athens Medical School.,"M. Simos" Laboratories, Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens
| | - Nikolaos Koulouris
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital; Athens Medical School
| | - Nikoletta Rovina
- 1 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, "Sotiria" Hospital; Athens Medical School
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Abstract
Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vidale
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
| | - Carlo Campana
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Sant'Anna Hospital, Italy
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Rao X, Zhong J, Brook RD, Rajagopalan S. Effect of Particulate Matter Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Oxidative Stress Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:797-818. [PMID: 29084451 PMCID: PMC5831906 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a leading cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Understanding the biological action of PM is of particular importance in improvement of public health. Recent Advances: Both fine (PM <2.5 μM) and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μM) are widely believed to mediate their effects through redox regulated pathways. A rather simplistic graded ramp model of redox stress has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of the role of oxidative stress in signaling, and the realization that many of the observed effects may involve disruption and/or enhancement of normal endogenous redox signaling and induction of a potent immune-mediated response, through entrainment of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS). CRITICAL ISSUES The molecular events by which pulmonary oxidative stress in response to inhalational exposure to air pollution triggers inflammation, major ROS (e.g., superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite) generated in air pollution exposure, types of oxidative tissue damage in target organs, contributions of nonimmune and immune cells in inflammation, and the role of protective proteins (e.g., surfactant, proteins, and antioxidants) are highly complex and may differ depending on models and concomitant disease states. FUTURE DIRECTIONS While the role of oxidative stress in the lung has been well demonstrated, the role of oxidative stress in mediating systemic effects especially in inflammation and injury processes needs further work. The role of antioxidant defenses with chronic exposure will also need further exploration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 797-818.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Rao
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jixin Zhong
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert D Brook
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- 1 Department of Medicine, Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomass burning is an important source of ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) in many regions of the world. METHODS We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of ambient PM2.5 and hospital admissions for myocardial infarction (MI) in three regions of British Columbia, Canada. Daily hospital admission data were collected between 2008 and 2015 and PM2.5 data were collected from fixed site monitors. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) describing the association between PM2.5 and the risk of hospital admission for MI. We used stratified analyses to evaluate effect modification by biomass burning as a source of ambient PM2.5 using the ratio of levoglucosan/PM2.5 mass concentrations. RESULTS Each 5 µg/m increase in 3-day mean PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of MI among elderly subjects (≥65 years; OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.08); risk was not increased among younger subjects. Among the elderly, the strongest association occurred during colder periods (<6.44°C); when we stratified analyses by tertiles of monthly mean biomass contributions to PM2.5 during cold periods, ORs of 1.19 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.36), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.09), and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.06) were observed in the upper, middle, and lower tertiles (Ptrend = 0.003), respectively. CONCLUSION Short-term changes in ambient PM2.5 were associated with an increased risk of MI among elderly subjects. During cold periods, increased biomass burning contributions to PM2.5 may modify its association with MI.
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Ramakreshnan L, Aghamohammadi N, Fong CS, Bulgiba A, Zaki RA, Wong LP, Sulaiman NM. Haze and health impacts in ASEAN countries: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:2096-2111. [PMID: 29209970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal haze episodes and the associated inimical health impacts have become a regular crisis among the ASEAN countries. Even though many emerging experimental and epidemiological studies have documented the plausible health effects of the predominating toxic pollutants of haze, the consistency among the reported findings by these studies is poorly understood. By addressing such gap, this review aimed to critically highlight the evidence of physical and psychological health impacts of haze from the available literature in ASEAN countries. Systematic literature survey from six electronic databases across the environmental and medical disciplines was performed, and 20 peer-reviewed studies out of 384 retrieved articles were selected. The evidence pertaining to the health impacts of haze based on field survey, laboratory tests, modelling and time-series analysis were extracted for expert judgement. In specific, no generalization can be made on the reported physical symptoms as no specific symptoms recorded in all the reviewed studies except for throat discomfort. Consistent evidence was found for the increase in respiratory morbidity, especially for asthma, whilst the children and the elderly are deemed to be the vulnerable groups of the haze-induced respiratory ailments. A consensual conclusion on the association between the cardiovascular morbidity and haze is unfeasible as the available studies are scanty and geographically limited albeit of some reported increased cases. A number of modelling and simulation studies demonstrated elevating respiratory mortality rates due to seasonal haze exposures over the years. Besides, evidence on cancer risk is inconsistent where industrial and vehicular emissions are also expected to play more notable roles than mere haze exposure. There are insufficient regional studies to examine the association between the mental health and haze. Limited toxicological studies in ASEAN countries often impede a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanism of haze-induced toxic pollutants on human physiology. Therefore, the lack of consistent evidence among the reported haze-induced health effects as highlighted in this review calls for more intensive longitudinal and toxicological studies with greater statistical power to disseminate more reliable and congruent findings to empower the institutional health planning among the ASEAN countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logaraj Ramakreshnan
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasrin Aghamohammadi
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chng Saun Fong
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Ping Wong
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Meriam Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rich DQ, Utell MJ, Croft DP, Thurston SW, Thevenet-Morrison K, Evans KA, Ling FS, Tian Y, Hopke PK. Daily land use regression estimated woodsmoke and traffic pollution concentrations and the triggering of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a case-crossover study. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2017; 11:239-244. [PMID: 29568338 PMCID: PMC5847146 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-017-0537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Prior work has reported acute associations between ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and short-term increases in airborne particulate matter. Subsequently, the association between STEMI and hourly measures of Delta-C (marker of woodsmoke) and black carbon (marker of traffic pollution) measured at a central site in Rochester, NY, were examined, but no association was found. Therefore, land use regression estimates of Delta-C and black carbon concentrations at each patient's residence were developed for 246 STEMI patients treated at the University of Rochester Medical Center during the winters of 2008-2012. Using case-crossover methods, the rate of STEMI associated with increased Delta-C and BC concentration on the same and previous 3 days was estimated after adjusting for 3-day mean temperature and relative humidity. Non-statistically significant increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC in the previous 2 days (1.10 μg/m3; OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.93, 1.35) and Delta-C in the previous 3 days (0.43 μg/m3; OR = 1.16; 95% CI 0.96, 1.40) were found. Significantly increased rates of STEMI associated with interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC (1.23 μg/m3; OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 0.87, 1.24) or Delta-C (0.40 μg/m3; OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.85, 1.09) on the same day were not observed likely due, in part, to temporal misalignment. Therefore, sophisticated spatial-temporal models will be needed to minimize exposure error and bias by better predicting concentrations at individual locations for individual hours, especially for outcomes with short-term responses to air pollution (< 24 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q. Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Mark J. Utell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box EHSC, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Daniel P. Croft
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue Box 692, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Sally W. Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard Box 630, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kelly Thevenet-Morrison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Kristin A. Evans
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Frederick S. Ling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Paul N. Yu Heart Center, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Yilin Tian
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
| | - Philip K. Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
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Black C, Tesfaigzi Y, Bassein JA, Miller LA. Wildfire smoke exposure and human health: Significant gaps in research for a growing public health issue. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:186-195. [PMID: 28892756 PMCID: PMC5628149 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of wildfire smoke exposure on human health represents a unique interdisciplinary challenge to the scientific community. Population health studies indicate that wildfire smoke is a risk to human health and increases the healthcare burden of smoke-impacted areas. However, wildfire smoke composition is complex and dynamic, making characterization and modeling difficult. Furthermore, current efforts to study the effect of wildfire smoke are limited by availability of air quality measures and inconsistent air quality reporting among researchers. To help address these issues, we conducted a substantive review of wildfire smoke effects on population health, wildfire smoke exposure in occupational health, and experimental wood smoke exposure. Our goal was to evaluate the current literature on wildfire smoke and highlight important gaps in research. In particular we emphasize long-term health effects of wildfire smoke, recovery following wildfire smoke exposure, and health consequences of exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Black
- California National Primate Research Center, United States
| | | | - Jed A Bassein
- California National Primate Research Center, United States
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, United States; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Gorr MW, Falvo MJ, Wold LE. Air Pollution and Other Environmental Modulators of Cardiac Function. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1479-1495. [PMID: 28915333 PMCID: PMC7249238 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed regions and a worldwide health concern. Multiple external causes of CVD are well known, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, age, and sedentary behavior. Air pollution has been linked with the development of CVD for decades, though the mechanistic characterization remains unknown. In this comprehensive review, we detail the background and epidemiology of the effects of air pollution and other environmental modulators on the heart, including both short- and long-term consequences. Then, we provide the experimental data and current hypotheses of how pollution is able to cause the CVD, and how exposure to pollutants is exacerbated in sensitive states. Published 2017. Compr Physiol 7:1479-1495, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gorr
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Falvo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Kumar S, Chawla S, Zou MC. Calixarenes based materials for gas sensing applications: a review. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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40
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Hogg JC, Paré PD, Hackett TL. The Contribution of Small Airway Obstruction to the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:529-552. [PMID: 28151425 PMCID: PMC6151481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the small conducting airways were the major site of obstruction to airflow in normal lungs was introduced by Rohrer in 1915 and prevailed until Weibel introduced a quantitative method of studying lung anatomy in 1963. Green repeated Rohrer's calculations using Weibels new data in 1965 and found that the smaller conducting airways offered very little resistance to airflow. This conflict was resolved by seminal experiments conducted by Macklem and Mead in 1967, which confirmed that a small proportion of the total lower airways resistance is attributable to small airways <2 mm in diameter. Shortly thereafter, Hogg, Macklem, and Thurlbeck used this technique to show that small airways become the major site of obstruction in lungs affected by emphysema. These and other observations led Mead to write a seminal editorial in 1970 that postulated the small airways are a silent zone within normal lungs where disease can accumulate over many years without being noticed. This review provides a progress report since the 1970s on methods for detecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the structural nature of small airways' disease, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms that are thought to underlie its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Hogg
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC), British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UBC, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter D Paré
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC), British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UBC, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC), British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, UBC, British Columbia, Canada; and Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, UBC, British Columbia, Canada
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Sayapina NV, Batalova TA, Sergievich AA, Shtarberg MA, Borodin EA, Khoroshikh PP, Chaika VV, Kodintsev VV, Vedyagin AA, Mishakov IV, Vakis A, Henrich-Noack P, Tsatsakis AM, Engin AB, Golokhvast K. Oral application of carbon nanofibers in rats increases blood concentration of IL6 and IL10 and decreases locomotor activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:183-191. [PMID: 28189064 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) are versatile nanomaterials that are widely used in various fields of science and technology. As a consequence, animals as well as humans may be exposed to such compounds via different routes. We hypothesized that oral intake of CNF will lead to an inflammatory reaction and consequently induce behavioral impairments. To address this issue, rats were fed with 500mg/kgCNF for 14days and their locomotor activity, emotional status and cognition were quantified by testing the animals in an open field set-up, elevated plus maze and in the universal problem solving box which provides information about motivation and cognition. The behavioral tests were performed 3 times within 10days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and the plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-18 were measured. Our results demonstrated an inflammatory reaction determined by a significantly elevated IL-6 concentration. This, however, was counteracted by an even more pronounced increase in IL-10. The behavioral effects were restricted mainly to a decrease in locomotor activity which was significant in the open field test, as well as the elevated plus maze. Other parameters indicative of cognitive performance were not influenced and also the emotional status was largely unaffected. In conclusion, our results revealed that oral intake of 500mg/kgCNF induced some adverse effects, which, however, can be still partially compensated by the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vitalievna Sayapina
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Amur State Medical Academy, Blagoveshchensk, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonis Vakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion University Hospital, Voutes, 71 021 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Petra Henrich-Noack
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
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Fisk WJ, Chan WR. Health benefits and costs of filtration interventions that reduce indoor exposure to PM2.5 during wildfires. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:191-204. [PMID: 26843218 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Increases in hospital admissions and deaths are associated with increases in outdoor air particles during wildfires. This analysis estimates the health benefits expected if interventions had improved particle filtration in homes in Southern California during a 10-day period of wildfire smoke exposure. Economic benefits and intervention costs are also estimated. The six interventions implemented in all affected houses are projected to prevent 11% to 63% of the hospital admissions and 7% to 39% of the deaths attributable to wildfire particles. The fraction of the population with an admission attributable to wildfire smoke is small, thus, the costs of interventions in all homes far exceeds the economic benefits of reduced hospital admissions. However, the estimated economic value of the prevented deaths exceed or far exceed intervention costs for interventions that do not use portable air cleaners. For the interventions with portable air cleaner use, mortality-related economic benefits exceed intervention costs as long as the cost of the air cleaners, which have a multi-year life, are not attributed to the short wildfire period. Cost effectiveness is improved by intervening only in the homes of the elderly who experience most of the health effects of particles from wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Fisk
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W R Chan
- Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Adetona O, Reinhardt TE, Domitrovich J, Broyles G, Adetona AM, Kleinman MT, Ottmar RD, Naeher LP. Review of the health effects of wildland fire smoke on wildland firefighters and the public. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:95-139. [PMID: 26915822 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1145771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Each year, the general public and wildland firefighters in the US are exposed to smoke from wildland fires. As part of an effort to characterize health risks of breathing this smoke, a review of the literature was conducted using five major databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE Web of Knowledge, to identify smoke components that present the highest hazard potential, the mechanisms of toxicity, review epidemiological studies for health effects and identify the current gap in knowledge on the health impacts of wildland fire smoke exposure. Respiratory events measured in time series studies as incidences of disease-caused mortality, hospital admissions, emergency room visits and symptoms in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are the health effects that are most commonly associated with community level exposure to wildland fire smoke. A few recent studies have also determined associations between acute wildland fire smoke exposure and cardiovascular health end-points. These cardiopulmonary effects were mostly observed in association with ambient air concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, research on the health effects of this mixture is currently limited. The health effects of acute exposures beyond susceptible populations and the effects of chronic exposures experienced by the wildland firefighter are largely unknown. Longitudinal studies of wildland firefighters during and/or after the firefighting career could help elucidate some of the unknown health impacts of cumulative exposure to wildland fire smoke, establish occupational exposure limits and help determine the types of exposure controls that may be applicable to the occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunfemi Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA .,b Division of Environmental Health Sciences , College of Public Health, the Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Timothy E Reinhardt
- c AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Joe Domitrovich
- d USDA Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - George Broyles
- e SDA Forest Service, San Dimas Technology and Development Center , San Dimas , CA , USA
| | - Anna M Adetona
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- f Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California , Irvine , CA , USA , and
| | - Roger D Ottmar
- g USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Luke P Naeher
- a Department of Environmental Health Science , College of Public Health, University of Georgia , Athens , GA , USA
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Uchoa MF, Moser VA, Pike CJ. Interactions between inflammation, sex steroids, and Alzheimer's disease risk factors. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 43:60-82. [PMID: 27651175 PMCID: PMC5123957 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder for which there are no effective strategies to prevent or slow its progression. Because AD is multifactorial, recent research has focused on understanding interactions among the numerous risk factors and mechanisms underlying the disease. One mechanism through which several risk factors may be acting is inflammation. AD is characterized by chronic inflammation that is observed before clinical onset of dementia. Several genetic and environmental risk factors for AD increase inflammation, including apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution. Additionally, sex steroid hormones appear to contribute to AD risk, with age-related losses of estrogens in women and androgens in men associated with increased risk. Importantly, sex steroid hormones have anti-inflammatory actions and can interact with several other AD risk factors. This review examines the individual and interactive roles of inflammation and sex steroid hormones in AD, as well as their relationships with the AD risk factors apolipoprotein E4, obesity, and air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana F Uchoa
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - V Alexandra Moser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Pindus M, Orru H, Maasikmets M, Kaasik M, Jõgi R. Association Between Health Symptoms and Particulate Matter from Traffic and Residential Heating - Results from RHINE III in Tartu. Open Respir Med J 2016; 10:58-69. [PMID: 27843509 PMCID: PMC5078594 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401610010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traffic and residential heating are the main sources of particulate matter (PM) in Northern Europe. Wood is widely used for residential heating and vehicle numbers are increasing. Besides traffic exhaust, studded tires produce road dust that is the main source of traffic-related PM10. Several studies have associated total PM mass with health symptoms; however there has been little research on the effects of PM from specific sources. Objective: To study the health effects resulting from traffic and local heating PM. Methods: Data on respiratory and cardiac diseases were collected within the framework of RHINE III (2011/2012) in Tartu, Estonia. Respondents’ geocoded home addresses were mapped in ArcGIS and linked with local heating-related PM2.5, traffic-related PM10 and total PM2.5 concentrations. Association between self-reported health and PM was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The annual mean modelled exposure for local heating PM2.5 was 2.3 μg/m3, for traffic PM10 3.3 μg/m3 and for all sources PM2.5 5.6 μg/m3. We found relationship between traffic induced PM10 as well as all sources induced PM2.5 with cardiac disease, OR=1.45 (95% CI 1.06−1.93) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.02−1.95), respectively. However, we did not find any significant association between residential heating induced particles and self-reported health symptoms. People with longer and better confirmed exposure period were also significantly associated with traffic induced PM10, all sources induced PM2.5 and cardiac diseases. Conclusion: Traffic-related PM10 and all sources induced PM2.5 associated with cardiac disease; whereas residential heating induced particles did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihkel Pindus
- University of Tartu, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Orru
- University of Tartu, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Tartu, Estonia; Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marek Maasikmets
- Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EERC), Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marko Kaasik
- University of Tartu, Institute of Physics, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Tartu University Hospital, Lung Clinic, Tartu, Estonia
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Gianniou N, Katsaounou P, Dima E, Giannakopoulou CE, Kardara M, Saltagianni V, Trigidou R, Kokkini A, Bakakos P, Markozannes E, Litsiou E, Tsakatikas A, Papadopoulos C, Roussos C, Koulouris N, Rovina N. Prolonged occupational exposure leads to allergic airway sensitization and chronic airway and systemic inflammation in professional firefighters. Respir Med 2016; 118:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reid CE, Brauer M, Johnston FH, Jerrett M, Balmes JR, Elliott CT. Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1334-43. [PMID: 27082891 PMCID: PMC5010409 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire activity is predicted to increase in many parts of the world due to changes in temperature and precipitation patterns from global climate change. Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutants and many studies have documented population health effects from this exposure. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the evidence of health effects from exposure to wildfire smoke and to identify susceptible populations. METHODS We reviewed the scientific literature for studies of wildfire smoke exposure on mortality and on respiratory, cardiovascular, mental, and perinatal health. Within those reviewed papers deemed to have minimal risk of bias, we assessed the coherence and consistency of findings. DISCUSSION Consistent evidence documents associations between wildfire smoke exposure and general respiratory health effects, specifically exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Growing evidence suggests associations with increased risk of respiratory infections and all-cause mortality. Evidence for cardiovascular effects is mixed, but a few recent studies have reported associations for specific cardiovascular end points. Insufficient research exists to identify specific population subgroups that are more susceptible to wildfire smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS Consistent evidence from a large number of studies indicates that wildfire smoke exposure is associated with respiratory morbidity with growing evidence supporting an association with all-cause mortality. More research is needed to clarify which causes of mortality may be associated with wildfire smoke, whether cardiovascular outcomes are associated with wildfire smoke, and if certain populations are more susceptible. CITATION Reid CE, Brauer M, Johnston FH, Jerrett M, Balmes JR, Elliott CT. 2016. Critical review of health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure. Environ Health Perspect 124:1334-1343; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409277.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Reid
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to C.E. Reid, Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 9 Bow St., Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Telephone: (617) 495-8108. E-mail:
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Environmental Health Services, Department of Health and Human Services, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John R. Balmes
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Catherine T. Elliott
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health, Yukon Health and Social Services, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada
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48
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Interactions Between Air Pollution and Obesity on Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Children. Epidemiology 2016; 26:740-7. [PMID: 26133026 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists regarding the effect of interaction of obesity and long-term air pollution exposure on children's blood pressure and hypertension in areas with high levels of air pollution. The aim of this study is to assess effect modification by obesity on the association between exposure and blood pressure in Chinese children. METHODS We studied 9,354 Chinese children, ages 5-17 years old, from 24 elementary schools and 24 middle schools in the Seven Northeastern Cities during 2012-2013. Four-year average concentrations of particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxides, and ozone (O3) were measured at the monitoring stations in the 24 districts. We used generalized additive models and two-level logistic regression models to examine the health effects. RESULTS Consistent interactions were found between exposure and obesity on blood pressure and hypertension. The association between exposure and hypertension was consistently larger for overweight/obese children than for children with normal-weight, with odds ratios for hypertension ranging from 1.16 per 46.3μg/m for O3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.20) to 2.91 per 30.6μg/m for PM10 (95% CI = 2.32, 3.64), and estimated increases in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure ranging from 0.57 mmHg (95% CI = 0.36, 0.78) and 0.63 mmHg (95% CI = 0.46, 0.81) per 46.3 μg/m for O3 to 4.04 mmHg (95% CI = 3.00, 5.09) and 2.02 mmHg (95% CI = 1.14, 2.89) per 23.4 μg/m for sulfur dioxide. CONCLUSIONS Obesity amplifies the association of long-term air pollution exposure with blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese children.
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O'Keeffe D, Dennekamp M, Straney L, Mazhar M, O'Dwyer T, Haikerwal A, Reisen F, Abramson MJ, Johnston F. Health effects of smoke from planned burns: a study protocol. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:186. [PMID: 26911134 PMCID: PMC4766722 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large populations are exposed to smoke from bushfires and planned burns. Studies investigating the association between bushfire smoke and health have typically used hospital or ambulance data and been done retrospectively on large populations. The present study is designed to prospectively assess the association between individual level health outcomes and exposure to smoke from planned burns. Methods/design A prospective cohort study will be conducted during a planned burn season in three locations in Victoria (Australia) involving 50 adult participants who undergo three rounds of cardiorespiratory medical tests, including measurements for lung inflammation, endothelial function, heart rate variability and markers of inflammation. In addition daily symptoms and twice daily lung function are recorded. Outdoor particulate air pollution is continuously measured during the study period in these locations. The data will be analysed using mixed effect models adjusting for confounders. Discussion Planned burns depend on weather conditions and dryness of ‘fuels’ (i.e. forest). It is potentially possible that no favourable conditions occur during the study period. To reduce the risk of this occurring, three separate locations have been identified as having a high likelihood of planned burn smoke exposure during the study period, with the full study being rolled out in two of these three locations. A limitation of this study is exposure misclassification as outdoor measurements will be conducted as a measure for personal exposures. However this misclassification will be reduced as participants are only eligible if they live in close proximity to the monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Keeffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Martine Dennekamp
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Lahn Straney
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Mahjabeen Mazhar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Tom O'Dwyer
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Anjali Haikerwal
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Fabienne Reisen
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheric Flagship, Private Bag 1, Aspendale 3195, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 6 The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Fay Johnston
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, Medical Science Precinct, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, 7000, Australia
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Liu Z, Murphy JP, Maghirang R, Devlin D. Health and Environmental Impacts of Smoke from Vegetation Fires: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2016.712148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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