1
|
Christensen K. A Matter of Climate Justice: Heat and Air Pollution Combine to Worsen Effects of Homelessness. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:54001. [PMID: 38717751 PMCID: PMC11078218 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Few studies on these concurrent health risks account for individuals without housing, yet they often experience greater exposure than other people-along with exacerbation of existing health issues.
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Tol Z, Vanos JK, Middel A, Ferguson KM. Concurrent Heat and Air Pollution Exposures among People Experiencing Homelessness. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:15003. [PMID: 38261303 PMCID: PMC10805133 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extreme heat and air pollution are important human health concerns; exposure can affect mental and physical well-being, particularly during periods of co-occurrence. Yet, the impacts on people are largely determined by underlying health conditions, coupled with the length and intensity of exposure. Preexisting adverse health conditions and prolonged exposure times are more common for people experiencing homelessness, particularly those with intersectional identity characteristics (e.g., disease, ability, age, etc.). Partially due to methodological limitations, such as data scarcity, there is a lack of research at the intersection of this at-risk population within the climate-health domain. OBJECTIVES We have three distinct objectives throughout this article: a) to advance critical discussions around the state of concurrent high heat and air pollution exposure research as it relates to people experiencing homelessness; b) to assert the importance of heat and air pollution exposure research among a highly vulnerable, too-often homogenized population-people experiencing homelessness; and c) to underline challenges in this area of study while presenting potential ways to address such shortcomings. DISCUSSION The health insights from concurrent air pollution and heat exposure studies are consequential when studying unhoused communities who are already overexposed to harmful environmental conditions. Without holistic data sets and more advanced methods to study concurrent exposures, appropriate and targeted prevention and intervention strategies cannot be developed to protect this at-risk population. We highlight that a) concurrent high heat and air pollution exposure research among people experiencing homelessness is significantly underdeveloped considering the pressing human health implications; b) the severity of physiological responses elicited by high heat and air pollution are predicated on exposure intensity and time, and thus people without means of seeking climate-controlled shelter are most at risk; and c) collaboration among transdisciplinary teams is needed to resolve data resolution issues and enable targeted prevention and intervention strategies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13402.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Van Tol
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Vanos
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Ariane Middel
- School of Arts, Media and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun HZ, Zhao J, Liu X, Qiu M, Shen H, Guillas S, Giorio C, Staniaszek Z, Yu P, Wan MW, Chim MM, van Daalen KR, Li Y, Liu Z, Xia M, Ke S, Zhao H, Wang H, He K, Liu H, Guo Y, Archibald AT. Antagonism between ambient ozone increase and urbanization-oriented population migration on Chinese cardiopulmonary mortality. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100517. [PMID: 37822762 PMCID: PMC10562756 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever-increasing ambient ozone (O3) pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature deaths. However, the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been explored. Here, we assess population-scale O3 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological evidence. We find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing O3 exposure by 4.3 ± 2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic activities. Rural residents are broadly exposed to 9.8 ± 4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens, and thus urbanization-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total population. Cardiopulmonary excess premature deaths attributable to long-term O3 exposure, 373,500 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 240,600-510,900) in 2019, is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular causes. Future O3 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Zhe Sun
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junchao Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minghao Qiu
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Serge Guillas
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Chiara Giorio
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zosia Staniaszek
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michelle W.L. Wan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Man Mei Chim
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kim Robin van Daalen
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0BD, UK
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Department of Earth Sciences, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yilin Li
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Zhenze Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingtao Xia
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shengxian Ke
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifan Zhao
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Haikun Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander T. Archibald
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu S, Zhang M, Zhu J, Yang X, Bigambo FM, Snijders AM, Wang X, Hu W, Lv W, Xia Y. The effect of ambient ozone exposure on three types of diabetes: a meta-analysis. Environ Health 2023; 22:32. [PMID: 36998068 PMCID: PMC10061724 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone as an air pollutant is gradually becoming a threat to people's health. However, the effect of ozone exposure on risk of developing diabetes, a fast-growing global metabolic disease, remains controversial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of ambient ozone exposure on the incidence rate of type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. METHOD We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases before July 9, 2022, to determine relevant literature. Data were extracted after quality evaluation according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the agency for healthcare research and quality (AHRQ) standards, and a meta-analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between ozone exposure and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were performed using Stata 16.0. RESULTS Our search identified 667 studies from three databases, 19 of which were included in our analysis after removing duplicate and ineligible studies. Among the remaining studies, three were on T1D, five were on T2D, and eleven were on GDM. The result showed that ozone exposure was positively correlated with T2D [effect size (ES) = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11] and GDM [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.03]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that ozone exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy might raise the risk of GDM. However, no significant association was observed between ozone exposure and T1D. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to ozone may increase the risk of T2D, and daily ozone exposure during pregnancy was a hazard factor for developing GDM. Decreasing ambient ozone pollution may reduce the burden of both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiamin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wei Lv
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Business, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Rd, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No.101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wright N, Newell K, Chan KH, Gilbert S, Hacker A, Lu Y, Guo Y, Pei P, Yu C, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Kurmi O, Chen Z, Lam KBH, Kartsonaki C. Long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory disease in China: findings from a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2023; 22:30. [PMID: 36973808 PMCID: PMC10041804 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing evidence on long-term ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure and risk of cardio-respiratory diseases in China is mainly on mortality, and based on area average concentrations from fixed-site monitors for individual exposures. Substantial uncertainty persists, therefore, about the shape and strength of the relationship when assessed using more personalised individual exposure data. We aimed to examine the relationships between AAP exposure and risk of cardio-respiratory diseases using predicted local levels of AAP. METHODS A prospective study included 50,407 participants aged 30-79 years from Suzhou, China, with concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), fine (PM2.5), and inhalable (PM10) particulate matter, ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) and incident cases of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (n = 2,563) and respiratory disease (n = 1,764) recorded during 2013-2015. Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for diseases associated with local-level concentrations of AAP exposure, estimated using Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling. RESULTS The study period of 2013-2015 included a total of 135,199 person-years of follow-up for CVD. There was a positive association of AAP, particularly SO2 and O3, with risk of major cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in SO2 was associated with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.12) for CVD, 1.25 (1.08, 1.44) for COPD and 1.12 (1.02, 1.23) for pneumonia. Similarly, each 10 µg/m3 increase in O3 was associated with adjusted HR of 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) for CVD, 1.03 (1.02, 1.05) for all stroke, and 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) for pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Among adults in urban China, long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cardio-respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Wright
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine Newell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
| | - Ka Hung Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
- Oxford British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Gilbert
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
| | - Alex Hacker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
| | - Yan Lu
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Suzhou CDC, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Om Kurmi
- Research Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin Bong Hubert Lam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK.
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Big Data Institute Building, Old Road Campus, OX3 7LF, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mei Y, Li A, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Zhao M, Xu J, Li R, Li Y, Li K, Ge X, Guo C, Wei Y, Xu Q. Association of long-term air pollution exposure with the risk of prediabetes and diabetes: Systematic perspective from inflammatory mechanisms, glucose homeostasis pathway to preventive strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114472. [PMID: 36209785 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence suggests the association of air pollutants with a series of diabetic cascades including inflammatory pathways, glucose homeostasis disorder, and prediabetes and diabetes. Subclinical strategies for preventing such pollutants-induced effects remain unknown. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in two typically air-polluted Chinese cities in 2018-2020. One-year average PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 were calculated according to participants' residence. GAM multinomial logistic regression was performed to investigate the association of air pollutants with diabetes status. GAM and quantile g-computation were respectively performed to investigate individual and joint effects of air pollutants on glucose homeostasis markers (glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B and HOMA-S). Complement C3 and hsCRP were analyzed as potential mediators. The ABCS criteria and hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) were examined for their potential in preventive strategy. RESULTS Long-term air pollutants exposure was associated with the risk of prediabetes [Prevalence ratio for O3 (PR_O3) = 1.96 (95% CI: 1.24, 3.03)] and diabetes [PR_PM1 = 1.18 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.32); PR_PM2.5 = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.16); PR_O3 = 1.35 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.74)]. PM1, PM10, SO2 or O3 exposure was associated with glucose-homeostasis disorder. For example, O3 exposure was associated with increased levels of glucose [7.67% (95% CI: 1.75, 13.92)], insulin [19.98% (95% CI: 4.53, 37.72)], HOMA-IR [34.88% (95% CI: 13.81, 59.84)], and decreased levels of HOMA-S [-25.88% (95% CI: -37.46, -12.16)]. Complement C3 and hsCRP played mediating roles in these relationships with proportion mediated ranging from 6.95% to 60.64%. Participants with HGI ≤ -0.53 were protected from the adverse effects of air pollutants. CONCLUSION Our study provides comprehensive insights into air pollutant-associated diabetic cascade and suggests subclinical preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Runkui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Byun G, Choi Y, Kim S, Lee JT. Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and mortality in a population-based cohort of South Korea: Considering for an alternative exposure time metric. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120300. [PMID: 36181930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the health effects of long-term ozone exposure remain limited with mixed results. One potential source of this inconsistency is the difference in exposure time metrics. This study aimed to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient ozone and mortality in South Korea, using different exposure metrics. We also examined whether heterogeneity between previous studies was due to the different exposure metrics. The study population comprised 179,806 participants from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort (2002-2015) residing in seven major cities in South Korea. Several ozone exposure metrics (year-round 24-h, year-round 8-h, warm-season 24-h, and warm-season 8-h) were calculated. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between ozone and all-cause and cause-specific mortalities. Random-effect meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed to pool the effect estimates of previous studies and examine whether the exposure metric can explain the between-study heterogeneity. The hazard ratios (HRs) per 10 ppb increment in year-round 24-h ozone for all-cause (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29) and circulatory (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.25-1.84) mortality were higher than those of the other metrics. Year-round 8-h ozone exhibited the largest association with respiratory mortality (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.96). A meta-analysis of 29 previous studies and the present study showed the largest HR for all-cause mortality from studies using year-round 8-h exposure (HR, 1.014; 95% CI, 0.994-1.033). The exposure metric was significantly associated with effect estimates in the multivariable meta-regression model. In conclusion, in the population-based cohort in South Korea, we found positive associations between several long-term ozone exposure metrics and mortality. The different ozone exposure metrics exhibited heterogeneous effect estimates. A year-round 24-h average ozone metric also could be considered an alternative long-term standard for ozone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garam Byun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun HZ, Yu P, Lan C, Wan MW, Hickman S, Murulitharan J, Shen H, Yuan L, Guo Y, Archibald AT. Cohort-based long-term ozone exposure-associated mortality risks with adjusted metrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100246. [PMID: 35519514 PMCID: PMC9065904 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term ozone (O3) exposure may lead to non-communicable diseases and increase mortality risk. However, cohort-based studies are relatively rare, and inconsistent exposure metrics impair the credibility of epidemiological evidence synthetization. To provide more accurate meta-estimations, this study updates existing systematic reviews by including recent studies and summarizing the quantitative associations between O3 exposure and cause-specific mortality risks, based on unified exposure metrics. Cross-metric conversion factors were estimated linearly by decadal observations during 1990-2019. The Hunter-Schmidt random-effects estimator was applied to pool the relative risks. A total of 25 studies involving 226,453,067 participants (14 unique cohorts covering 99,855,611 participants) were included in the systematic review. After linearly unifying the inconsistent O3 exposure metrics , the pooled relative risks associated with every 10 nmol mol-1 (ppbV) incremental O3 exposure, by mean of the warm-season daily maximum 8-h average metric, were as follows: 1.014 with 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging 1.009-1.019 for all-cause mortality; 1.025 (95% CI: 1.010-1.040) for respiratory mortality; 1.056 (95% CI: 1.029-1.084) for COPD mortality; 1.019 (95% CI: 1.004-1.035) for cardiovascular mortality; and 1.074 (95% CI: 1.054-1.093) for congestive heart failure mortality. Insignificant mortality risk associations were found for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and lung cancer. Adjustment for exposure metrics laid a solid foundation for multi-study meta-analysis, and widening coverage of surface O3 observations is expected to strengthen the cross-metric conversion in the future. Ever-growing numbers of epidemiological studies supported the evidence for considerable cardiopulmonary hazards and all-cause mortality risks from long-term O3 exposure. However, evidence of long-term O3 exposure-associated health effects was still scarce, so more relevant studies are needed to cover more populations with regional diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Zhe Sun
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Changxin Lan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Michelle W.L. Wan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sebastian Hickman
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jayaprakash Murulitharan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander T. Archibald
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Y, Cao R, Xu Z, Jin J, Wang J, Yang T, Wei J, Huang J, Li G. Long-term exposure to ozone and diabetes incidence: A longitudinal cohort study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151634. [PMID: 34774942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone (O3) has become a prominent air pollutant problem as other pollutants concentrations have decreased obviously since China published Air Pollution Action Plan Pollution Prevention Action Plan in 2013. Few studies examined the association between O3 and diabetes especially in developing countries. This study was designed to investigate the above topic in China. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study based on a nationwide survey of 13,548 adults from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. City-level exposure to ozone for each participant was matched through ChinaHighO3 dataset. Time-varying cox proportional hazard regression model was applied to determine the association. Stratification analyses were conducted to explore potential effect modification. RESULTS The annual mean concentration of O3 was 86.6 μg/m3. A 10 μg/m3 increase in 1-year average O3 concentration was associated with 5.7% (95% CI: 1.004-1.114) relative increment in hazards ratio of diabetes incidence in the fully adjusted model. Results stayed stable when controlling for physical activity, PM2.5 and mean temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provided initial support for a positive and robust association between long-term exposure to O3 and diabetes incidence in a developing country. More scientific and social attention should be attached to the ozone-induced risks of diabetes occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihu Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Review of Ground-Level Ozone Impact in Respiratory Health Deterioration for the Past Two Decades. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ground-level ozone has been gaining notoriety with increasing evidence of its nefarious effects on health, especially respiratory diseases. Where do we stand on the solidity of this data and is there room for improvement? Objectives: Evaluate this evidence for incongruities or heterogeneity in this field of research. How is the exposure assessment conducted, where does Portugal stand in this field, and what can be improved? Health deterioration concerning asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are analysed. Methods: A review of 1735 studies was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar engines for the past two decades. We identified 59 eligible studies and included an array of variables, including O3 measurements, number of air-quality monitoring stations used, relative risks, odds ratios, hazard ratios, number of hospital admissions, visits, or mortality, and size of population dataset used. Results: Approximately 83% of data in this review presents significant correlations of ozone with asthma, COPD, and ARDS. Studies that report negative or not significant associations mention a lack of data or topographic differences as the main issue with these divergent results. Studies consistently report summer as a period of particular concern. Portuguese data in this field is lacking. Conclusions: This research field is growing in interest and there is evidence that ozone plays a non-negligible role in health deterioration. The few Portuguese studies in this field seem aligned with the literature reviewed but more research is needed. Suggested improvements are more and better data through denser air-quality networks to accurately depict personal exposure to ozone. Homogenization of the exposure assessment concerning averaging times of ozone to daily maximum 8 h averages whenever possible. Risk increments based on 10 ppb instead of interquartile ranges. Lastly, contrary to some studies in this review, the topographic effect on concentrations and health deterioration should not be underestimated and seasonality should always be checked.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Z, Xu P, Gong F, Tan Y, Han J, Tian L, Yan J, Li K, Xi Z, Liu X. Altered lipidomic profiles in lung and serum of rat after sub-chronic exposure to ozone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150630. [PMID: 34597571 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O) exposure not only causes lung injury and lung inflammation but also changes blood composition. Previous studies have mainly focused on inflammatory processes and metabolic diseases caused by acute or chronic ozone exposure. However, the effect of ozone on lipid expression profiles remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the lipidomic changes in lung tissue and serum of rats after ozone exposure for three months and explore the lipid metabolic pathway involved in an ozone-induced injury. Based on the non-targeted lipidomic analysis platform of the UPLC Orbitrap mass spectrometry system, we found that sub-chronic exposure to ozone significantly changed the characteristics of lipid metabolism in lungs and serum of rats. First, the variation in sphingomyelin (SM) and triglyceride (TG) levels in the lung and serum after O3 exposure are shown. SM decreased in both tissues, while TG decreased in the lungs and increased in the serum. Further, the effect of ozone on glycerophospholipids in the lung and serum was completely different. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were the major glycerophospholipids whose levels were altered in the lung, while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels changed dramatically in the serum. Third, after O3 exposure, the level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), mainly MGDG (43, 11), a saccharolipid, declined significantly and uniquely in the serum. These results suggested that sub-chronic O3 exposure may play a role in the development of several diseases through perturbation of lipidomic profiles in the lungs and blood. In addition, changes in the lipids of the lung and blood may induce or exacerbate respiratory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fuxu Gong
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yizhe Tan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jie Han
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Kang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Transcriptomics Underlying Pulmonary Ozone Pathogenesis Regulated by Inflammatory Mediators in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091489. [PMID: 34573120 PMCID: PMC8466999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is the predominant oxidant air pollutant associated with airway inflammation, lung dysfunction, and the worsening of preexisting respiratory diseases. We previously demonstrated the injurious roles of pulmonary immune receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and toll-like receptor 4, as well as a transcription factor NF-κB, in response to O3 in mice. In the current study, we profiled time-dependent and TNFR- and NF-κB-regulated lung transcriptome changes by subacute O3 to illuminate the underlying molecular events and downstream targets. Mice lacking Tnfr1/Tnfr2 (Tnfr-/-) or Nfkb1 (Nfkb1-/-) were exposed to air or O3. Lung RNAs were prepared for cDNA microarray analyses, and downstream and upstream mechanisms were predicted by pathway analyses of the enriched genes. O3 significantly altered the genes involved in inflammation and redox (24 h), cholesterol biosynthesis and vaso-occlusion (48 h), and cell cycle and DNA repair (48–72 h). Transforming growth factor-β1 was a predicted upstream regulator. Lack of Tnfr suppressed the immune cell proliferation and lipid-related processes and heightened epithelial cell integrity, and Nfkb1 deficiency markedly suppressed lung cell cycle progress during O3 exposure. Common differentially regulated genes by TNFR and NF-κB1 (e.g., Casp8, Il6, and Edn1) were predicted to protect the lungs from cell death, connective tissue injury, and inflammation. Il6-deficient mice were susceptible to O3-induced protein hyperpermeability, indicating its defensive role, while Tnf-deficient mice were resistant to overall lung injury caused by O3. The results elucidated transcriptome dynamics and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulated by TNFR and NF-κB1 in pulmonary subacute O3 pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu Y, Jerrett M, Paul KC, Su J, Shih IF, Wu J, Lee E, Inoue K, Haan M, Ritz B. Ozone Exposure, Outdoor Physical Activity, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the SALSA Cohort of Older Mexican Americans. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97004. [PMID: 34494856 PMCID: PMC8425281 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a leading contributor to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. Ozone (O3) exposure has previously been linked to diabetes. OBJECTIVE We studied the impact of O3 exposure on incident diabetes risk in elderly Mexican Americans and investigated whether outdoor physical activity modifies the association. METHODS We selected 1,090 Mexican American participants from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging conducted from 1998 to 2007. Ambient O3 exposure levels were modeled with a land-use regression built with saturation monitoring data collected at 49 sites across the Sacramento metropolitan area. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated the risk of developing incident diabetes based on average O3 exposure modeled for 5-y prior to incident diabetes diagnosis or last follow-up. Further, we estimated outdoor leisure-time physical activity at baseline and investigated whether higher vs. lower levels modified the association between O3 exposure and diabetes. RESULTS In total, 186 incident diabetes cases were identified during 10-y follow-up. Higher levels of physical activity were negatively associated with incident diabetes [hazard ratio (HR)=0.64 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.95)]. The estimated HRs for incident diabetes was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.28) per 10-ppb increment of 5-y average O3 exposure; also, this association was stronger among those physically active outdoors [HR=1.52 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.90)], and close to null for those reporting lower levels of outdoor activity [HR=1.04 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.20), pinteraction=0.01]. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ambient O3 exposure contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, particularly among those with higher levels of leisure-time outdoor physical activity. Policies and strategies are needed to reduce O3 exposure to guarantee that the health benefits of physical activity are not diminished by higher levels of O3 pollution in susceptible populations such as older Hispanics. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8620.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Jerrett
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kimberly C. Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jason Su
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - I-Fan Shih
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Eunice Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary Haan
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qin S, Li B, Li R, Cai Y, Zheng K, Huang H, Xiao F, Zeng M, Xu X. Proteomic characteristics and identification of PM 2.5-induced differentially expressed proteins in hepatocytes and c-Myc silenced hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111838. [PMID: 33387776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics and bioinformatics were applied to explore PM2.5-induced differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in hepatocytes (L02 cells) and c-Myc-silenced hepatocytes. L02 cells and c-Myc-silenced hepatocytes were treated with PM2.5 for 24 h. Fifty-two DEPs were screened in L02 hepatocytes, of which 28 were upregulated and 24 were downregulated. Forty-one DEPs were screened in the c-Myc-silenced hepatocytes, of which 31 were upregulated and 10 were downregulated. GO analysis showed that DEPs in L02 cells were mainly concentrated in the cytosol and were involved in biological processes such as the response to metal ions. DEPs in c-Myc-silenced cells were mainly enriched in the extracellular space and were involved in lipoprotein metabolism. KEGG analysis showed that DEPs in L02 cells were mainly involved in arachidonic acid metabolism and mineral absorption. DEPs in c-Myc-silenced cells were mainly enriched in pathways involving nerve absorption, complement and coagulation cascades, and other pathways. Twenty key proteins, including Metallothionein-2A (MT2A), Metallothionein-1X (MT1X), zinc transporter ZIP10 (SLC39A10) and Serine protease 23 (PRSS23) were screened in two groups through analysis of protein-protein interactions. Based on the identification of the selected DEPs, PRSS23 and SLC39A10 might be the potential biomarker of PM2.5-induced carcinogenesis, which provide the scientific basis for further research into the carcinogenic mechanisms of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjian Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Boru Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Runbing Li
- Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ying Cai
- Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; School of public health, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Ming Zeng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Institute of environment and health, Shenzhen center for disease control and prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu Z, Wu D, Henze DK, Li Y, Sonenberg M, Mao F. Transboundary transport of ozone pollution to a US border region: A case study of Yuma. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116421. [PMID: 33460873 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of ground-level ozone affect human health, plants, and animals. Reducing ozone pollution in rural regions, where local emissions are already low, poses challenge. We use meteorological back-trajectories, air quality model sensitivity analysis, and satellite remote sensing data to investigate the ozone sources in Yuma, Arizona and find strong international influences from Northern Mexico on 12 out of 16 ozone exceedance days. We find that such exceedances could not be mitigated by reducing emissions in Arizona; complete removal of state emissions would reduce the maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) ozone in Yuma by only 0.7% on exceeding days. In contrast, emissions in Mexico are estimated to contribute to 11% of the ozone during these exceedances, and their reduction would reduce MDA8 ozone in Yuma to below the standard. Using satellite-based remote sensing measurements, we find that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx, a key photochemical precursor of ozone) increase slightly in Mexico from 2005 to 2016, opposite to decreases shown in the bottom-up inventory. In comparison, a decrease of NOx emissions in the US and meteorological factors lead to an overall of summer mean and annual MDA8 ozone in Yuma (by ∼1-4% and ∼3%, respectively). Analysis of meteorological back-trajectories also shows similar transboundary transport of ozone at the US-Mexico border in California and New Mexico, where strong influences from Northern Mexico coincide with 11 out of 17 and 6 out of 8 ozone exceedances. 2020 is the final year of the U.S.-Mexico Border 2020 Program, which aimed to reduce pollution at border regions of the US and Mexico. Our results indicate the importance of sustaining a substantial cooperative program to improve air quality at the border area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Dien Wu
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA.
| | - Mike Sonenberg
- Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| | - Feng Mao
- Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Phoenix, AZ, 85007, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paulin LM, Gassett AJ, Alexis NE, Kirwa K, Kanner RE, Peters S, Krishnan JA, Paine R, Dransfield M, Woodruff PG, Cooper CB, Barr RG, Comellas AP, Pirozzi CS, Han M, Hoffman EA, Martinez FJ, Woo H, Peng RD, Fawzy A, Putcha N, Breysse PN, Kaufman JD, Hansel NN. Association of Long-term Ambient Ozone Exposure With Respiratory Morbidity in Smokers. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:106-115. [PMID: 31816012 PMCID: PMC6902160 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Few studies have investigated the association of long-term ambient ozone exposures with respiratory morbidity among individuals with a heavy smoking history. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of historical ozone exposure with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), computed tomography (CT) scan measures of respiratory disease, patient-reported outcomes, disease severity, and exacerbations in smokers with or at risk for COPD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cross-sectional study, conducted from November 1, 2010, to July 31, 2018, obtained data from the Air Pollution Study, an ancillary study of SPIROMICS (Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study). Data analyzed were from participants enrolled at 7 (New York City, New York; Baltimore, Maryland; Los Angeles, California; Ann Arbor, Michigan; San Francisco, California; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina) of the 12 SPIROMICS clinical sites. Included participants had historical ozone exposure data (n = 1874), were either current or former smokers (≥20 pack-years), were with or without COPD, and were aged 40 to 80 years at baseline. Healthy persons with a smoking history of 1 or more pack-years were excluded from the present analysis. EXPOSURES The 10-year mean historical ambient ozone concentration at participants' residences estimated by cohort-specific spatiotemporal modeling. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Spirometry-confirmed COPD, chronic bronchitis diagnosis, CT scan measures (emphysema, air trapping, and airway wall thickness), 6-minute walk test, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) % predicted, and self-report of exacerbations in the 12 months before SPIROMICS enrollment, adjusted for demographics, smoking, and job exposure. RESULTS A total of 1874 SPIROMICS participants were analyzed (mean [SD] age, 64.5 [8.8] years; 1479 [78.9%] white; and 1013 [54.1%] male). In adjusted analysis, a 5-ppb (parts per billion) increase in ozone concentration was associated with a greater percentage of emphysema (β = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.25-1.64; P = .007) and percentage of air trapping (β = 1.60; 95% CI, 0.16-3.04; P = .03); worse scores for the mMRC Dyspnea Scale (β = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.17; P = .008), CAT (β = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.05-1.26; P = .04), and SGRQ (β = 1.47; 95% CI, 0.01-2.93; P = .048); lower FEV1% predicted value (β = -2.50; 95% CI, -4.42 to -0.59; P = .01); and higher odds of any exacerbation (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.66; P = .002) and severe exacerbation (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07-1.76; P = .01). No association was found between historical ozone exposure and chronic bronchitis, COPD, airway wall thickness, or 6-minute walk test result. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that long-term historical ozone exposure was associated with reduced lung function, greater emphysema and air trapping on CT scan, worse patient-reported outcomes, and increased respiratory exacerbations for individuals with a history of heavy smoking. The association between ozone exposure and adverse respiratory outcomes suggests the need for continued reevaluation of ambient pollution standards that are designed to protect the most vulnerable members of the US population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Paulin
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Amanda J Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Richard E Kanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stephen Peters
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jerry A Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | | | | | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Cheryl S Pirozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - MeiLan Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Han Woo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger D Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,National Center for Environmental Health/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nadia N Hansel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang BY, Fan S, Thiering E, Seissler J, Nowak D, Dong GH, Heinrich J. Ambient air pollution and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 180:108817. [PMID: 31627156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollutants are suggested to be related to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since several high quality papers on air pollutants and T2D have been published beyond the last reviews, an extended systematic review is highly warranted. We review epidemiological studies to quantify the association between air pollutants and T2D, and to answer if diabetes patients are more vulnerable to air pollutants. METHODS We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed and Web of Science based on the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). We calculated odds ratios (OR) or hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess the strength of the associations between air pollutants [e.g., particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and T2D. We evaluated the quality and risk of bias of the included studies and graded the credibility of the pooled evidence using several recommended tools. We also performed sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and publication bias test. RESULTS Out of 716 articles identified, 86 were used for this review and meta-analysis. Meta-analyses showed significant associations of PM2.5 with T2D incidence (11 studies; HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.17 per 10 μg/m3 increment; I2 = 74.4%) and prevalence (11 studies; OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.04-1.12 per 10 μg/m3 increment; I2 = 84.3%), of PM10 with T2D prevalence (6 studies; OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.03-1.17 per 10 μg/m3 increment; I2 = 89.5%) and incidence (6 studies; HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.00-1.22 per μg/m3 increment; I2 = 70.6%), and of NO2 with T2D prevalence (11 studies; OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.04-1.11 per 10 μg/m3 increment; I2 = 91.1%). The majority of studies on glucose-homoeostasis markers also showed increased risks with higher air pollutants levels, but the studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. Overall, patients with diabetes might be more vulnerable to PM. CONCLUSIONS Recent publications strengthened the evidence for adverse effects of ambient air pollutants exposure (especially for PM) on T2D and that diabetic patients might be more vulnerable to air pollutants exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, LMU Munich, Member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL Munich), CPC (Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich), Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shujun Fan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhu, 510440, China
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Diabetes Center, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, LMU Munich, Member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL Munich), CPC (Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich), Germany
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, LMU Munich, Member, German Center for Lung Research (DZL Munich), CPC (Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich), Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Rice
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215 MA, USA.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, 02115 MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang M, Sampson PD, Sheppard LE, Stein JH, Vedal S, Kaufman JD. Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Progression of Subclinical Arterial Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:57001. [PMID: 31063398 PMCID: PMC6791411 DOI: 10.1289/ehp3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term ozone ([Formula: see text]) exposure is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but little is known about the associations between [Formula: see text] and subclinical arterial disease. OBJECTIVES We studied the longitudinal association of exposure to [Formula: see text] and progression of key subclinical arterial markers in adults: intima-media thickness of common carotid artery ([Formula: see text]), carotid plaque (CP) burden, and coronary artery calcification (CAC). METHODS CAC was measured one to four times at baseline and at follow-up exams (1999–2012) by computed tomography (CT) in 6,619 healthy adults, recruited at age 45-84 y without cardiovascular disease (CVD), over a mean of 6.5 y (standard deviation: 3.5 y). [Formula: see text] and CP burden were quantified in 3,392 participants using carotid artery ultrasound imaging acquired over a mean of 9 y (1.7 y). Over 91% and 89% participants had at least one follow-up [Formula: see text] and CAC measurement, respectively. Residence-specific [Formula: see text] concentrations were estimated by a validated spatiotemporal model spanning from 1999 to 2012. This model relied on comprehensive monitoring data and geographical variables to predict individualized long-term average concentrations since baseline. Linear mixed models and logistic regression model were used to evaluate relationships of long-term average exposure to [Formula: see text] with longitudinal change in [Formula: see text], CAC, and CP formation, respectively. RESULTS Mean progression rates of [Formula: see text] and CAC were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. CP formation was identified in 55% of the subjects. A [Formula: see text] increase in long-term average [Formula: see text] exposure was associated with a [Formula: see text] [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 9.7] greater increase in [Formula: see text] over 10 y. A [Formula: see text] increase in [Formula: see text] was also associated with new CP formation [odds ratio (OR): 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4)] but not CAC progression [[Formula: see text] (95% CI: [Formula: see text], 2)]. Associations were robust in the analysis with extended covariate adjustment, including copollutants, i.e., nitrogen oxides ([Formula: see text]) and particulate matter with diameter [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION Over almost a decade of follow-up, outdoor [Formula: see text] concentrations were associated with increased rate of carotid wall thickness progression and risk of new plaque formation, suggesting arterial injury in this cohort. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3325.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul D. Sampson
- Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lianne E. Sheppard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James H. Stein
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song J, Liu Y, Zheng L, Gui L, Zhao X, Xu D, Wu W. Acute effects of air pollution on type II diabetes mellitus hospitalization in Shijiazhuang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30151-30159. [PMID: 30151787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Air pollution has been considered as an important contributor to diabetes development. However, the evidence is fewer in developing countries where air pollution concentrations were much higher. In this study, we conduct a time-series study to investigate the acute adverse effect of six air pollutants on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalization in Shijiazhuang, China. An over-dispersed passion generalized addictive model adjusted for weather conditions, day of the week, and long-term and seasonal trends was used. Finally, a 10-μg/m3 increase of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) corresponded to 0.53% (95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.83), 0.32% (95% CI = 0.10-0.55), 0.55% (95% CI = 0.04-1.07), 1.27% (95% CI = 0.33-2.22), and 0.04% (95% CI = 0.02-0.06) increment of T2DM hospitalization, respectively. The effects of PM2.5, PM10, and CO were robust when adjusted for co-pollutants. The associations appeared to be a little stronger in the cool season than in the warm season. And stronger associations were found in male and elderly (≥ 65 years) than in female and younger people (35-65 years). Our results contribute to the limited data in the scientific literature on acute effects of air pollution on type II diabetes mellitus in developing countries. MAIN FINDINGS This is the first adverse effect evidence of air pollution on T2DM in Shijiazhuang, a severely polluted city in China. Males were more vulnerable than females in severe pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liheng Zheng
- Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050041, China
| | - Lihui Gui
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Dongqun Xu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim BG, Lee PH, Lee SH, Park CS, Jang AS. Impact of ozone on claudins and tight junctions in the lungs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:798-806. [PMID: 29673049 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Claudins (CLDNs) are a major transmembrane protein component of tight junctions (TJs) in endothelia and epithelia. CLDNs are not only essential for sustaining the role of TJs in cell permeability but are also vital for cell signaling through protein-protein interactions. Ozone induces oxidative stress and lung inflammation in humans and experimental models, but the impact of ozone on claudins remains poorly understood. This study was to determine the expression of TJ proteins, such as claudin 3, 4, 5, and 14 following ozone exposure. Mice were exposed to 0.1, 1, or 2 ppm of ozone or ambient air for 6 h for 3 days. The impact of ozone on CLDNs, Nrf2, Keap1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated using immunoblotting, immunohistochemical staining, confocal imaging, and ELISA analysis in mice and bronchial epithelial cells. Mice exposed to ozone experienced increased airway inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial hyper-responsiveness compared to control mice. Additionally, CLDN3, CLDN4, ROS, Nrf2, and Keap1 protein expression increased, and lung CLDN14 protein expression decreased, in mice exposed to ozone compared with control mice. These results indicate that CLDNs are involved in airway inflammation following ozone exposure, suggesting that ozone affects TJ proteins through oxidative mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14584, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hernandez AM, Gimeno Ruiz de Porras D, Marko D, Whitworth KW. The Association Between PM2.5 and Ozone and the Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in the United States, 2002 to 2008. J Occup Environ Med 2018; 60:594-602. [PMID: 29634612 PMCID: PMC8851375 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between air pollution and diabetes prevalence in the United States, 2002 to 2008. METHODS Annual average particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations were calculated using daily county-level data from the CDC's Tracking Network. Individual-level outcome and covariate data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for 862,519 individuals. We used Poisson regression analyses to examine associations between each air pollutant (per 10-unit increase) with diabetes, including regional sub-analyses. Analyses were adjusted for year, age, sex, race, ethnicity, education, income, smoking status, body mass index, exercise, and asthma. RESULTS Positive associations between each pollutant and diabetes were found (PM2.5: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.17; ozone: PR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.09). There was limited evidence of effect modification by region. CONCLUSIONS Interventions to reduce ambient air pollution may help alleviate the diabetes burden in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Hernandez
- Department of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health in San Antonio, San Antonio (Ms Hernandez, Dr Gimeno Ruiz de Porras, Dr Whitworth); Southwest Center for Occupational and Environmental Health (SWCOEH) (Dr Gimeno Ruiz de Porras, Dr Whitworth); Center for Research in Occupational Health (CISAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (Dr Gimeno Ruiz de Porras); Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) (Dr Gimeno Ruiz de Porras), Spain; Department of Management, Policy and Community Health (Dr Marko); Institute for Health Policy, UTHealth School of Public Health (Dr Marko), Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Whyand T, Hurst JR, Beckles M, Caplin ME. Pollution and respiratory disease: can diet or supplements help? A review. Respir Res 2018; 19:79. [PMID: 29716592 PMCID: PMC5930792 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution is known to cause and exacerbate a number of chronic respiratory diseases. The World Health Organisation has placed air pollution as the world's largest environmental health risk factor. There has been recent publicity about the role for diet and anti-oxidants in mitigating the effects of pollution, and this review assesses the evidence for alterations in diet, including vitamin supplementation in abrogating the effects of pollution on asthma and other chronic respiratory diseases. We found evidence to suggest that carotenoids, vitamin D and vitamin E help protect against pollution damage which can trigger asthma, COPD and lung cancer initiation. Vitamin C, curcumin, choline and omega-3 fatty acids may also play a role. The Mediterranean diet appears to be of benefit in patients with airways disease and there appears to be a beneficial effect in smokers however there is no direct evidence regarding protecting against air pollution. More studies investigating the effects of nutrition on rapidly rising air pollution are urgently required. However it is very difficult to design such studies due to the confounding factors of diet, obesity, co-morbid illness, medication and environmental exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Whyand
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - J R Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Beckles
- Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M E Caplin
- Centre for Gastroenterology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Progesterone attenuates airway remodeling and glucocorticoid resistance in a murine model of exposing to ozone. Mol Immunol 2018; 96:69-77. [PMID: 29501934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a vital component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the broad anti-inflammation effects of glucocorticoids, they exhibit relatively little therapeutic benefit in COPD, indicating the accelerating demands of new agents for COPD. We aim to explore the effect of progesterone on airway remodeling in a murine modeling of exposing to ozone and to further examine the potential effect of progesterone on glucocorticoid insensitivity. C57/BL6 mice were exposed to ozone for 12 times over 6 weeks, and were administered with progesterone alone or combined with budesonide (BUD) after each exposure until the 10th week. The peribronchial collagen deposition was measured. The protein levels of MMP8 and MMP9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs were assessed. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). The expression of VEGF and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the lung were determined by Immunohistochemical analyses. We observe that progesterone attenuates the peribronchial collagen deposition, as well as the expression of MMP8, MMP9, HIF-1α, VEGF, α-SMA, and GSK-3β in BALF or lung tissues. Progesterone or BUD monotherapy has no effect on HDAC2 production. Progesterone combines with BUD induce dramatically enhanced effects. Thus, these results demonstrate novel roles of progesterone for the pathogenesis and airway remodeling in COPD. Progesterone plus BUD administration exerts more significant inhibition on airway remodeling with dose-independent. Additionally, progesterone may, to some extent, improve the glucocorticoid insensitivity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Nuvolone D, Petri D, Voller F. The effects of ozone on human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:8074-8088. [PMID: 28547375 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a highly reactive, oxidative gas associated with adverse health outcome, including mortality and morbidity. Data from monitoring sites worldwide show levels of ozone often exceeding EU legislation threshold and the more restrictive WHO guidelines for the protection of human health. Well-established evidence has been produced for short-term effects, especially on respiratory and cardiovascular systems, associated to ozone exposure. Less conclusive is the evidence for long-term effects, reporting suggestive associations with respiratory mortality, new-onset asthma in children and increased respiratory symptom effects in asthmatics. The growing epidemiological evidence and the increasing availability of routinely collected data on air pollutant concentrations and health statistics allow to produce robust estimates in health impact assessment routine. Most recent estimates indicate that in 2013 in EU-28, 16,000 premature deaths, equivalent to 192,000 years of life lost, are attributable to ozone exposure. Italy shows very high health impact estimates among EU countries, reporting 3380 premature deaths and 61 years of life lost (per 100,000 inhabitants) attributable to ozone exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Nuvolone
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy.
| | - Davide Petri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Voller
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, via Pietro Dazzi 1, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller CN, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Richards JH, Ledbetter AD, Stewart E, Kodavanti UP. Acute inhalation of ozone induces DNA methylation of apelin in lungs of Long-Evans rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:178-186. [PMID: 29947284 PMCID: PMC6681647 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1483984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin has cardiopulmonary protective properties that promote vasodilation and maintenance of the endothelial barrier. While reductions in apelin have been identified as a contributor to various lung diseases, including pulmonary edema, its role in the effect of air pollutants has not been examined. Thus, in the current study, we sought to investigate if apelin is a downstream target of inhaled ozone and if such change in expression is related to altered DNA methylation in the lung. Male, Long-Evans rats were exposed to filtered air or 1.0 ppm ozone for 4 h. Ventilation changes were assessed using whole-body plethysmography immediately following exposure, and markers of pulmonary edema and inflammation were assessed in the bronchoaveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The enzymatic regulators of DNA methylation were measured in the lung, along with methylation and hydroxymethylation of the apelin promoter. Data showed that ozone exposure was associated with increased enhanced pause and protein leakage in the BAL fluid. Ozone exposure reduced DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and Dnmt3a/b gene expression. Exposure-induced upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, indicative of DNA damage, repair, and maintenance methylation. Increased methylation and reduced hydroxymethylation were measured on the apelin promoter. These epigenetic modifications accompanied ozone-induced reduction of apelin expression and development of pulmonary edema. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation, specifically increased methylation of the apelin promoter downstream of DNA damage, may lead to reductions in protective signaling of the apelinergic system, contributing to the pulmonary edema observed following the exposure to oxidant air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A. Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy H. Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erica Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- 1 Department of Environmental Health Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Di
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Malley CS, Henze DK, Kuylenstierna JCI, Vallack HW, Davila Y, Anenberg SC, Turner MC, Ashmore MR. Updated Global Estimates of Respiratory Mortality in Adults ≥30Years of Age Attributable to Long-Term Ozone Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:087021. [PMID: 28858826 PMCID: PMC5880233 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative risk estimates for long-term ozone (O3) exposure and respiratory mortality from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (ACS CPS-II) cohort have been used to estimate global O3-attributable mortality in adults. Updated relative risk estimates are now available for the same cohort based on an expanded study population with longer follow-up. OBJECTIVES We estimated the global burden and spatial distribution of respiratory mortality attributable to long-term O3 exposure in adults ≥30y of age using updated effect estimates from the ACS CPS-II cohort. METHODS We used GEOS-Chem simulations (2×2.5º grid resolution) to estimate annual O3 exposures, and estimated total respiratory deaths in 2010 that were attributable to long-term annual O3 exposure based on the updated relative risk estimates and minimum risk thresholds set at the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the most recent CPS-II analysis. These estimates were compared with attributable mortality based on the earlier CPS-II analysis, using 6-mo average exposures and risk thresholds corresponding to the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the earlier study population. RESULTS We estimated 1.04-1.23 million respiratory deaths in adults attributable to O3 exposures using the updated relative risk estimate and exposure parameters, compared with 0.40-0.55 million respiratory deaths attributable to O3 exposures based on the earlier CPS-II risk estimate and parameters. Increases in estimated attributable mortality were larger in northern India, southeast China, and Pakistan than in Europe, eastern United States, and northeast China. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the potential magnitude of health benefits of air quality policies targeting O3, health co-benefits of climate mitigation policies, and health implications of climate change-driven changes in O3 concentrations, are larger than previously thought. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1390.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Malley
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York , York, UK
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Harry W Vallack
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York , York, UK
| | - Yanko Davila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan C Anenberg
- Environmental Health Analytics, LLC. , Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal) , Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike R Ashmore
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment Department, University of York , York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu J, Zhang W, Lu Z, Zhang F, Ding W. Airborne PM 2.5-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Nrf2/JNK-Mediated Signaling Pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070787. [PMID: 28708100 PMCID: PMC5551225 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal and epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism underlying this risk is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on glucose homeostasis and related signaling pathways in mice. Wild-type and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) knockout (Nrf2−/−) C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to either ambient concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) for 12 weeks through a whole-body PM exposure system. At the end of the exposure, we assessed liver damage, and performed metabolic studies, gene expressions, as well as molecular signal transductions to determine the signaling pathways involving oxidative responses, insulin signaling, and glucose metabolism. Our results indicated that PM2.5 exposure for 12 weeks caused significant liver damage as evidenced by elevated levels of aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure induced impaired glucose tolerance and inhibited glycogen synthesis, leading to hepatic insulin resistance indicated by higher glucose levels, higher area under the curve (AUC), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. We further found that PM2.5 exposure significantly increased the expressions of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway and increased insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation at Ser307, but reduced protein kinase B phosphorylation at Ser473. Taken together, our study demonstrated PM2.5 exposure triggered Nrf2-mediated oxidative responses and activated the JNK-mediated inhibitory signaling pathway, resulting in hepatic insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Xu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3 Zhongguancun South 1st Alley, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
To T, Zhu J, Larsen K, Simatovic J, Feldman L, Ryckman K, Gershon A, Lougheed MD, Licskai C, Chen H, Villeneuve PJ, Crighton E, Su Y, Sadatsafavi M, Williams D, Carlsten C. Progression from Asthma to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is Air Pollution a Risk Factor? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:429-38. [PMID: 26950751 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-1932oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Individuals with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS), have more rapid decline in lung function, more frequent exacerbations, and poorer quality of life than those with asthma or COPD alone. Air pollution exposure is a known risk factor for asthma and COPD; however, its role in ACOS is not as well understood. OBJECTIVES To determine if individuals with asthma exposed to higher levels of air pollution have an increased risk of ACOS. METHODS Individuals who resided in Ontario, Canada, aged 18 years or older in 1996 with incident asthma between 1996 and 2009 who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey were identified and followed until 2014 to determine the development of ACOS. Data on exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were obtained from fixed monitoring sites. Associations between air pollutants and ACOS were evaluated using Cox regression models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 6,040 adults with incident asthma who completed the Canadian Community Health Survey, 630 were identified as ACOS cases. Compared with those without ACOS, the ACOS population had later onset of asthma, higher proportion of mortality, and more frequent emergency department visits before COPD diagnosis. The adjusted hazard ratios of ACOS and cumulative exposures to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m(3)) and O3 (per 10 ppb) were 2.78 (95% confidence interval, 1.62-4.78) and 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 0.71-2.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Individuals exposed to higher levels of air pollution had nearly threefold greater odds of developing ACOS. Minimizing exposure to high levels of air pollution may decrease the risk of ACOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa To
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation and
| | - Jingqin Zhu
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristian Larsen
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation and.,5 Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Simatovic
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Feldman
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kandace Ryckman
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gershon
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation and.,6 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Diane Lougheed
- 2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,7 Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Licskai
- 8 Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Chen
- 2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,9 Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- 3 Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,10 CHAIM Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Crighton
- 2 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,11 Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yushan Su
- 12 Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Mohsen Sadatsafavi
- 13 Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Devon Williams
- 1 Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- 13 Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao Y, Cheng Z, Lu Y, Chang X, Chan C, Bai Y, Zhang Y, Cheng N. PM10 and PM2.5 particles as main air pollutants contributing to rising risks of coronary heart disease: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/21622515.2017.1334711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxue Zhao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Cheng
- Center of Evidence-based medicine of Lanzhou university, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Yale University and U.S. Fulbright Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yongbin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cynthia Chan
- School of Public Health, Yale University and U.S. Fulbright Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yana Bai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yale University and U.S. Fulbright Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ning Cheng
- Basic Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Turner MC, Jerrett M, Pope CA, Krewski D, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Beckerman BS, Marshall JD, Su J, Crouse DL, Burnett RT. Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 193:1134-42. [PMID: 26680605 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1633oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined associations between chronic ambient O3 exposure and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of U.S. adults. METHODS Cancer Prevention Study II participants were enrolled in 1982. A total of 669,046 participants were analyzed, among whom 237,201 deaths occurred through 2004. We obtained estimates of O3 concentrations at the participant's residence from a hierarchical Bayesian space-time model. Estimates of fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) and NO2 concentrations were obtained from land use regression. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine mortality associations adjusted for individual- and ecological-level covariates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In single-pollutant models, we observed significant positive associations between O3, PM2.5, and NO2 concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In two-pollutant models adjusted for PM2.5, significant positive associations remained between O3 and all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 ppb, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04), circulatory (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), and respiratory mortality (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16) that were unchanged with further adjustment for NO2. We also observed positive mortality associations with both PM2.5 (both near source and regional) and NO2 in multipollutant models. CONCLUSIONS Findings derived from this large-scale prospective study suggest that long-term ambient O3 contributes to risk of respiratory and circulatory mortality. Substantial health and environmental benefits may be achieved by implementing further measures aimed at controlling O3 concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- 1 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment and.,2 Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,4 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Jerrett
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - C Arden Pope
- 6 Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Daniel Krewski
- 1 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment and.,7 School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- 8 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W Ryan Diver
- 8 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernardo S Beckerman
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Julian D Marshall
- 9 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason Su
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Daniel L Crouse
- 10 Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; and
| | - Richard T Burnett
- 11 Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dimakopoulou K, Grivas G, Samoli E, Rodopoulou S, Spyratos D, Papakosta D, Karakatsani A, Chaloulakou A, Katsouyanni K. Determinants of personal exposure to ozone in school children. Results from a panel study in Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:66-72. [PMID: 28039827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the wider framework of the RESPOZE (ReSPiratory effects of OZone Exposure in Greek children) panel study, we investigated possible determinants of O3 exposure of school children, measured with personal passive samplers, in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece. METHODS Personal exposure to O3 was measured for five weeks spread along the academic year 2013-14, in 186 school children in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece. At the same time, at-school outdoor measurements were performed and ambient levels of 8-h daily maximum O3 from fixed sites were collected. We also collected information on lifestyle and housing characteristics through an extended general questionnaire (GQ) and each participant completed daily time activity diaries (TADs) during the study period. RESULTS Mean outdoor concentrations were higher during the warmer months, in the suburbs of the cities and in Athens. Personal exposure concentrations were significantly lower compared to outdoor. Daily levels of at-school outdoor and ambient levels of O3 from fixed sites were significant determinants of personal exposure to O3. For a 10μg/m3 increase in at-school outdoor O3 concentrations and PM10 measurements a 20.9% (95% CI: 13%, 28%) increase in personal exposure to O3 was found. For a half an hour more spent in transportation an average increase of 7% (95% CI: 0.3%, 14.6%) in personal exposure to O3 was observed. Among other possible determinants, time spent in transportation (TAD variable) and duration of open windows were the ones associated with personal O3 exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of outdoor and ambient measurements from fixed sites in epidemiological studies as a proxy of personal exposure to O3, but this has to be calibrated taking into account personal measurements and time-activity patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Grivas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionisis Spyratos
- Pulmonary Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Papakosta
- Pulmonary Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grivas G, Dimakopoulou K, Samoli E, Papakosta D, Karakatsani A, Katsouyanni K, Chaloulakou A. Ozone exposure assessment for children in Greece - Results from the RESPOZE study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:518-529. [PMID: 28062110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozone exposure of 179 children in Athens and Thessaloniki, Greece was assessed during 2013-2014, by repeated weekly personal measurements, using passive samplers. O3 was also monitored at school locations of participants to characterize community-level ambient exposure. Average personal concentrations in the two cities (5.0 and 2.8ppb in Athens and Thessaloniki, respectively) were considerably lower than ambient concentrations (with mean personal/ambient ratios of 0.13-0.15). The temporal variation of personal concentrations followed the -typical for low-latitude areas- pattern of cold-warm seasons. However, differences were detected between temporal distributions of personal and ambient concentrations, since personal exposures were affected by additional factors which present seasonal variability, such as outdoor activity and house ventilation. Significant spatial contrasts were observed between urban and suburban areas, for personal concentrations in Athens, with higher exposure for children residing in the N-NE part of the area. In Thessaloniki, spatial variations in personal concentrations were less pronounced, echoing the spatial pattern of ambient concentrations, a result of complex local meteorology and the smaller geographical expansion of the study area. Ambient concentration was identified as the most important factor influencing personal exposures (correlation coefficients between 0.36 and 0.67). Associations appeared to be stronger with ambient concentrations measured at school locations of children, than to those reported by the nearest site of the air quality monitoring network, indicating the importance of community-representative outdoor monitoring for characterization of personal-ambient relationships. Time spent outdoors by children was limited (>90% of the time they remained indoors), but -due to the lack of indoor sources- it was found to exert significant influence on personal concentrations, affecting inter-subject and spatiotemporal variability. Additional parameters that were identified as relevant for the determination of personal concentrations were indoor ventilation conditions (specifically indoor times with windows open) and the use of wood-burning in open fireplaces for heating as an ozone sink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Grivas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780, Greece.
| | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Papakosta
- Pulmonary Department, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ying Z, Allen K, Zhong J, Chen M, Williams KM, Wagner JG, Lewandowski R, Sun Q, Rajagopalan S, Harkema JR. Subacute inhalation exposure to ozone induces systemic inflammation but not insulin resistance in a diabetic mouse model. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:155-63. [PMID: 26986950 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2016.1146808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that diabetics may be more susceptible to the adverse health effects from exposure to high ambient concentrations of ozone, the primary oxidant gas in photochemical smog. While increased morbidity and mortality from ozone inhalation has been linked to disruption of normal cardiovascular and airway functions, potential effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis are not understood. We tested the hypothesis that ozone exposure would worsen metabolic homeostasis in KKAy mice, a genetic diabetic animal model. Male KKAy mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 13 consecutive weekdays, and then assessed for airway, adipose and systemic inflammation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin signaling. Ozone exposure increased plasma TNFα, as well as expression of VCAM-1, iNOS and IL-6 in both pulmonary and adipose tissues. Pro-inflammatory CD11b(+)Gr-1(lo)7/4(hi) macrophages were increased by 200% in adipose tissue, but unchanged in blood. Interestingly, glucose levels were not significantly different in the insulin tolerance test between air- and ozone-exposed mice, whereas fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR in ozone-exposed animals were significantly reduced. These changes were accompanied by increased insulin signaling in skeletal muscle and liver, but not adipose tissues. Ozone also caused decrease in body weight and plasma leptin. Our results show that in addition to marked local and systemic inflammation, ozone increases insulin sensitivity that may be related to weight loss/leptin sensitization-dependent mechanisms in KKAy mice, warranting further study on the role of hyperglycemia in mediating cardiometabolic effects of ozone inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Katryn Allen
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Jixin Zhong
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Minjie Chen
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Keisha M Williams
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - James G Wagner
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Ryan Lewandowski
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| | - Qinghua Sun
- c College of Public Health, Ohio State University , Columbus , OH , USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- a Department of Medicine , Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jack R Harkema
- b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MH , USA , and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Silva RA, Adelman Z, Fry MM, West JJ. The Impact of Individual Anthropogenic Emissions Sectors on the Global Burden of Human Mortality due to Ambient Air Pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1776-1784. [PMID: 27177206 PMCID: PMC5089880 DOI: 10.1289/ehp177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can cause adverse health effects, including premature mortality due to cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer. Recent studies quantify global air pollution mortality but not the contribution of different emissions sectors, or they focus on a specific sector. OBJECTIVES We estimated the global mortality burden of anthropogenic ozone and PM2.5, and the impact of five emissions sectors, using a global chemical transport model at a finer horizontal resolution (0.67° × 0.5°) than previous studies. METHODS We performed simulations for 2005 using the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), zeroing out all anthropogenic emissions and emissions from specific sectors (All Transportation, Land Transportation, Energy, Industry, and Residential and Commercial). We estimated premature mortality using a log-linear concentration-response function for ozone and an integrated exposure-response model for PM2.5. RESULTS We estimated 2.23 (95% CI: 1.04, 3.33) million deaths/year related to anthropogenic PM2.5, with the highest mortality in East Asia (48%). The Residential and Commercial sector had the greatest impact globally-675 (95% CI: 428, 899) thousand deaths/year-and in most regions. Land Transportation dominated in North America (32% of total anthropogenic PM2.5 mortality), and it had nearly the same impact (24%) as Residential and Commercial (27%) in Europe. Anthropogenic ozone was associated with 493 (95% CI: 122, 989) thousand deaths/year, with the Land Transportation sector having the greatest impact globally (16%). CONCLUSIONS The contributions of emissions sectors to ambient air pollution-related mortality differ among regions, suggesting region-specific air pollution control strategies. Global sector-specific actions targeting Land Transportation (ozone) and Residential and Commercial (PM2.5) sectors would particularly benefit human health. Citation: Silva RA, Adelman Z, Fry MM, West JJ. 2016. The impact of individual anthropogenic emissions sectors on the global burden of human mortality due to ambient air pollution. Environ Health Perspect 124:1776-1784; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP177.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Jason West
- Address correspondence to J.J. West, 146B Rosenau Hall CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Telephone: (919) 843-3928. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Miller DB, Snow SJ, Henriquez A, Schladweiler MC, Ledbetter AD, Richards JE, Andrews DL, Kodavanti UP. Systemic metabolic derangement, pulmonary effects, and insulin insufficiency following subchronic ozone exposure in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 306:47-57. [PMID: 27368153 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute ozone exposure induces a classical stress response with elevated circulating stress hormones along with changes in glucose, protein and lipid metabolism in rats, with similar alterations in ozone-exposed humans. These stress-mediated changes over time have been linked to insulin resistance. We hypothesized that acute ozone-induced stress response and metabolic impairment would persist during subchronic episodic exposure and induce peripheral insulin resistance. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were exposed to air or 0.25ppm or 1.00ppm ozone, 5h/day, 3 consecutive days/week (wk) for 13wks. Pulmonary, metabolic, insulin signaling and stress endpoints were determined immediately after 13wk or following a 1wk recovery period (13wk+1wk recovery). We show that episodic ozone exposure is associated with persistent pulmonary injury and inflammation, fasting hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, as well as, elevated circulating adrenaline and cholesterol when measured at 13wk, however, these responses were largely reversible following a 1wk recovery. Moreover, the increases noted acutely after ozone exposure in non-esterified fatty acids and branched chain amino acid levels were not apparent following a subchronic exposure. Neither peripheral or tissue specific insulin resistance nor increased hepatic gluconeogenesis were present after subchronic ozone exposure. Instead, long-term ozone exposure lowered circulating insulin and severely impaired glucose-stimulated beta-cell insulin secretion. Thus, our findings in young-adult rats provide potential insights into epidemiological studies that show a positive association between ozone exposures and type 1 diabetes. Ozone-induced beta-cell dysfunction may secondarily contribute to other tissue-specific metabolic alterations following chronic exposure due to impaired regulation of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desinia B Miller
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Judy E Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Debora L Andrews
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Turner MC, Jerrett M, Pope CA, Krewski D, Gapstur SM, Diver WR, Beckerman BS, Marshall JD, Su J, Crouse DL, Burnett RT. Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016. [PMID: 26680605 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-16330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined associations between chronic ambient O3 exposure and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of U.S. adults. METHODS Cancer Prevention Study II participants were enrolled in 1982. A total of 669,046 participants were analyzed, among whom 237,201 deaths occurred through 2004. We obtained estimates of O3 concentrations at the participant's residence from a hierarchical Bayesian space-time model. Estimates of fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of up to 2.5 μm [PM2.5]) and NO2 concentrations were obtained from land use regression. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine mortality associations adjusted for individual- and ecological-level covariates. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In single-pollutant models, we observed significant positive associations between O3, PM2.5, and NO2 concentrations and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In two-pollutant models adjusted for PM2.5, significant positive associations remained between O3 and all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] per 10 ppb, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04), circulatory (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), and respiratory mortality (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16) that were unchanged with further adjustment for NO2. We also observed positive mortality associations with both PM2.5 (both near source and regional) and NO2 in multipollutant models. CONCLUSIONS Findings derived from this large-scale prospective study suggest that long-term ambient O3 contributes to risk of respiratory and circulatory mortality. Substantial health and environmental benefits may be achieved by implementing further measures aimed at controlling O3 concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- 1 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment and
- 2 Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology, Barcelona, Spain
- 3 Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- 4 CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Jerrett
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - C Arden Pope
- 6 Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Daniel Krewski
- 1 McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment and
- 7 School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Disease Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- 8 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - W Ryan Diver
- 8 Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernardo S Beckerman
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Julian D Marshall
- 9 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason Su
- 5 Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Daniel L Crouse
- 10 Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; and
| | - Richard T Burnett
- 11 Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Atkinson RW, Butland BK, Dimitroulopoulou C, Heal MR, Stedman JR, Carslaw N, Jarvis D, Heaviside C, Vardoulakis S, Walton H, Anderson HR. Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and mortality: a quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from cohort studies. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009493. [PMID: 26908518 PMCID: PMC4769417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While there is good evidence for associations between short-term exposure to ozone and a range of adverse health outcomes, the evidence from narrative reviews for long-term exposure is suggestive of associations with respiratory mortality only. We conducted a systematic, quantitative evaluation of the evidence from cohort studies, reporting associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. METHODS Cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to September 2015 and PubMed to October 2015 and cited in reviews/key publications were identified via search strings using terms relating to study design, pollutant and health outcome. Study details and estimate information were extracted and used to calculate standardised effect estimates expressed as HRs per 10 ppb increment in long-term ozone concentrations. RESULTS 14 publications from 8 cohorts presented results for ozone and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We found no evidence of associations between long-term annual O3 concentrations and the risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, or lung cancer. 4 cohorts assessed ozone concentrations measured during the warm season. Summary HRs for cardiovascular and respiratory causes of death derived from 3 cohorts were 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) per 10 ppb, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our quantitative review revealed a paucity of independent studies regarding the associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. The potential impact of climate change and increasing anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors on ozone levels worldwide suggests further studies of the long-term effects of exposure to high ozone levels are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - B K Butland
- Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Dimitroulopoulou
- Environmental Change Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxon, UK
| | - M R Heal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J R Stedman
- RICARDO-AEA, Harwell IBC, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - N Carslaw
- Environment Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - D Jarvis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Heaviside
- Environmental Change Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxon, UK
| | - S Vardoulakis
- Environmental Change Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxon, UK
| | - H Walton
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H R Anderson
- Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, London, UK MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li C, Balluz LS, Vaidyanathan A, Wen XJ, Hao Y, Qualters JR. Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2002 to 2008. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2474. [PMID: 26886595 PMCID: PMC4998595 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ground-level ozone is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The association remains uncertain between long-term exposure to ozone and life expectancy. We assessed the associations between seasonal mean daily 8-hour maximum (8-hr max) ozone concentrations measured during the ozone monitoring seasons and life expectancy at birth in 3109 counties of the conterminous U.S. during 2002 to 2008. We used latent class growth analysis to identify latent classes of counties that had distinct mean levels and rates of change in ozone concentrations over the 7-year period and used linear regression analysis to determine differences in life expectancy by ozone levels. We identified 3 classes of counties with distinct seasonal mean daily 8-hr max ozone concentrations and rates of change. When compared with the counties with the lowest ozone concentrations, the counties with the highest ozone concentrations had 1.7- and 1.4-year lower mean life expectancy in males and females (both P < 0.0001), respectively. The associations remained statistically significant after controlling for potential confounding effects of seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations and other selected environmental, demographic, socio-economic, and health-related factors (both P < 0.0001). A 5 ppb higher ozone concentration was associated with 0.25 year lower life expectancy in males (95% CI: -0.30 to -0.19) and 0.21 year in females (95% CI: -0.25 to -0.17). We identified 3 classes of counties with distinct mean levels and rates of change in ozone concentrations. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to a higher ozone concentration may be associated with a lower life expectancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Li
- From the Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Heath (CL, LSB, AV, JRQ); Division of Global HIV/AIDS, National Center for Global Heath (X-JW); and Division of Bacterial Disease, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA (YH)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dye JA, Ledbetter AD, Schladweiler MC, Costa DL, Kodavanti UP. Whole body plethysmography reveals differential ventilatory responses to ozone in rat models of cardiovascular disease. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27 Suppl 1:14-25. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janice A. Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| | - Daniel L. Costa
- National Program for Air Climate & Energy Research, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA and
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gibelin P. [Do weather and seasons influence our heart?]. Presse Med 2015; 44:821-7. [PMID: 26276296 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous publications about impact of meteo, seasons and pollution on cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, in particular myocardial infarction and heart failure, have been consistently more frequent during winter in the northern and southern hemisphere. Chronic exposure to air pollution influences the development of atherosclerosis and increases the risk for coronary artery disease. There is a positive association between short-term increase in gaseous components with the risk of hospitalization or death from congestive heart failure. The considerable impact on health care service warrants a comprehensive approach to cardiovascular disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gibelin
- Hôpital Pasteur, service de cardiologie, 06000 Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hao Y, Balluz L, Strosnider H, Wen XJ, Li C, Qualters JR. Ozone, Fine Particulate Matter, and Chronic Lower Respiratory Disease Mortality in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:337-41. [PMID: 26017067 PMCID: PMC4937454 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1852oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Short-term effects of air pollution exposure on respiratory disease mortality are well established. However, few studies have examined the effects of long-term exposure, and among those that have, results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To evaluate long-term association between ambient ozone, fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) mortality in the contiguous United States. METHODS We fit Bayesian hierarchical spatial Poisson models, adjusting for five county-level covariates (percentage of adults aged ≥65 years, poverty, lifetime smoking, obesity, and temperature), with random effects at state and county levels to account for spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We derived county-level average daily concentration levels for ambient ozone and PM2.5 for 2001-2008 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's down-scaled estimates and obtained 2007-2008 CLRD deaths from the National Center for Health Statistics. Exposure to ambient ozone was associated with an increased rate of CLRD deaths, with a rate ratio of 1.05 (95% credible interval, 1.01-1.09) per 5-ppb increase in ozone; the association between ambient PM2.5 and CLRD mortality was positive but statistically insignificant (rate ratio, 1.07; 95% credible interval, 0.99-1.14). CONCLUSIONS This study links air pollution exposure data with CLRD mortality for all 3,109 contiguous U.S. counties. Ambient ozone may be associated with an increased rate of death from CLRD in the contiguous United States. Although we adjusted for selected county-level covariates and unobserved influences through Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling, the possibility of ecologic bias remains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Hao
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lina Balluz
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heather Strosnider
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiao Jun Wen
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chaoyang Li
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Judith R Qualters
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thiering E, Heinrich J. Epidemiology of air pollution and diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:384-94. [PMID: 26068457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution affects a large proportion of the global population. Air pollutants are hypothesized to exert their effects via impaired endothelial function, elevated systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, all of which are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we review epidemiological studies aimed at answering whether diabetes patients are more vulnerable to ambient (outdoor) air pollution exposure and whether air pollution is associated with diabetes development or other predisposing conditions for T2D. Current evidence suggests an association between air pollution exposure and T2D, but more critical analysis is warranted. Understanding the associations between air pollution exposure and the development of T2D is critical in our efforts to control sources of air pollution and their impact on the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany.
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Prueitt RL, Lynch HN, Zu K, Sax SN, Venditti FJ, Goodman JE. Weight-of-evidence evaluation of long-term ozone exposure and cardiovascular effects. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 44:791-822. [PMID: 25257962 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.937855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a weight-of-evidence (WoE) analysis to assess whether the current body of research supports a causal relationship between long-term ozone exposure (defined by EPA as at least 30 days in duration) at ambient levels and cardiovascular (CV) effects. We used a novel WoE framework based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency's National Ambient Air Quality Standards causal framework for this analysis. Specifically, we critically evaluated and integrated the relevant epidemiology and experimental animal data and classified a causal determination based on categories proposed by the Institute of Medicine's 2008 report, Improving the Presumptive Disability Decision-making Process for Veterans. We found that the risks of CV effects are largely null across human and experimental animal studies. The few positive associations reported in studies of CV morbidity and mortality are very small in magnitude, mainly reported in single-pollutant models, and likely attributable to bias, chance, or confounding. The few positive effects in experimental animal studies were observed mainly in ex vivo studies at high exposures, and even the in vivo findings are not likely relevant to humans. The available data also do not support a biologically plausible mechanism for the effects of ozone on the CV system. Overall, the current WoE provides no convincing case for a causal relationship between long-term exposure to ambient ozone and adverse effects on the CV system in humans, but the limitations of the available studies preclude definitive conclusions regarding a lack of causation; thus, we categorize the strength of evidence for a causal relationship between long-term exposure to ozone and CV effects as "below equipoise."
Collapse
|
47
|
Tahmasebi A, Amin MM, Poursafa P, Iraj B, Sadeghiyan H, Kelishadi R, Sadeghian B. Association of geographical distribution of air quality index and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Isfahan, Iran. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:369-73. [PMID: 26101493 PMCID: PMC4476344 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.312.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Air pollution is a hazardous environmental problem with several adverse health effects including its impact on the development of chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the association of geographical distribution of air quality index (AQI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in an air-polluted city by using geographic information system (GIS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Isfahan, Iran. The records that have been registered from 2009 to 2012 in major referral public diabetes clinics were gathered; they included data of 1467 diabetic patients. Their living area was represented with spots in the city map. AQI data were also interpolated from monitoring stations spreading around the city. The GIS maps of air pollutants and diabetes were developed and the associations were determined. Results: The density of diabetic population was higher in highly polluted areas compared with areas with the lower levels of air pollution. No significant correlation was documented between the distribution of diabetic patients and air pollution level throughout the city. Conclusion: Although the density of diabetic patients was higher in areas with higher air pollution, but the lack of association between AQI and the prevalence of diabetes might be because the air of different parts of the city was highly polluted, and we could not compare the prevalence of diabetes in areas with clean and polluted air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Tahmasebi
- Azadeh Tahmasebi, Environmental Health Engineering Department, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Mohammad Mehdi Amin, Environmental Health Engineering Department, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parinaz Poursafa
- Parinaz Poursafa, Environmental Health Engineering Department, Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bijan Iraj
- Bijan Iraj, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Sadeghiyan
- Hamidreza Sadeghiyan, Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primary Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Roya Kelishadi, Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primary Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pirozzi C, Sturrock A, Weng HY, Greene T, Scholand MB, Kanner R, Paine R. Effect of naturally occurring ozone air pollution episodes on pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5061-75. [PMID: 25985308 PMCID: PMC4454954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if naturally occurring episodes of ozone air pollution in the Salt Lake Valley in Utah, USA, during the summer are associated with increased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, increased respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to controls. We measured biomarkers (nitrite/nitrate (NOx), 8-isoprostane) in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), spirometry, and respiratory symptoms in 11 former smokers with moderate-to-severe COPD and nine former smokers without airflow obstruction during periods of low and high ozone air pollution. High ozone levels were associated with increased NOx in EBC in both COPD (8.7 (±8.5) vs. 28.6 (±17.6) μmol/L on clean air vs. pollution days, respectively, p < 0.01) and control participants (7.6 (±16.5) vs. 28.5 (±15.6) μmol/L on clean air vs. pollution days, respectively, p = 0.02). There was no difference in pollution effect between COPD and control groups, and no difference in EBC 8-isoprostane, pulmonary function, or respiratory symptoms between clean air and pollution days in either group. Former smokers both with and without airflow obstruction developed airway oxidative stress and inflammation in association with ozone air pollution episodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Pirozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Anne Sturrock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Hsin-Yi Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Tom Greene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Mary Beth Scholand
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Richard Kanner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Robert Paine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, 26 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rice MB, Guidotti TL, Cromar KR. Scientific evidence supports stronger limits on ozone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:501-3. [PMID: 25536009 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201411-1976ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Rice
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arjomandi M, Wong H, Donde A, Frelinger J, Dalton S, Ching W, Power K, Balmes JR. Exposure to medium and high ambient levels of ozone causes adverse systemic inflammatory and cardiac autonomic effects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1499-509. [PMID: 25862833 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00849.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to ozone increases cardiovascular morbidity. However, the specific biological mechanisms mediating ozone-associated cardiovascular effects are unknown. To determine whether short-term exposure to ambient levels of ozone causes changes in biomarkers of cardiovascular disease including heart rate variability (HRV), systemic inflammation, and coagulability, 26 subjects were exposed to 0, 100, and 200 ppb ozone in random order for 4 h with intermittent exercise. HRV was measured and blood samples were obtained immediately before (0 h), immediately after (4 h), and 20 h after (24 h) each exposure. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed 20 h after exposure. Regression modeling was used to examine dose-response trends between the endpoints and ozone exposure. Inhalation of ozone induced dose-dependent adverse changes in the frequency domains of HRV across exposures consistent with increased sympathetic tone [increase of (parameter estimate ± SE) 0.4 ± 0.2 and 0.3 ± 0.1 in low- to high-frequency domain HRV ratio per 100 ppb increase in ozone at 4 h and 24 h, respectively (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01)] and a dose-dependent increase in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) across exposures at 24 h [increase of 0.61 ± 0.24 mg/l in CRP per 100 ppb increase in ozone (P = 0.01)]. Changes in HRV and CRP did not correlate with ozone-induced local lung inflammatory responses (BAL granulocytes, IL-6, or IL-8), but changes in HRV and CRP were associated with each other after adjustment for age and ozone level. Inhalation of ozone causes adverse systemic inflammatory and cardiac autonomic effects that may contribute to the cardiovascular mortality associated with short-term exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Arjomandi
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Pulmonary Research Group, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California;
| | - Hofer Wong
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Aneesh Donde
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica Frelinger
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Pulmonary Research Group, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah Dalton
- Pulmonary Research Group, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Wendy Ching
- Pulmonary Research Group, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Karron Power
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - John R Balmes
- Human Exposure Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| |
Collapse
|