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Özçam M, Lynch SV. The gut-airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:492-506. [PMID: 38778224 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Communication between the gut and remote organs, such as the brain or the cardiovascular system, has been well established and recent studies provide evidence for a potential bidirectional gut-airway axis. Observations from animal and human studies indicate that respiratory insults influence the activity of the gut microbiome and that microbial ligands and metabolic products generated by the gut microbiome shape respiratory immunity. Information exchange between these two large mucosal surface areas regulates microorganism-immune interactions, with significant implications for the clinical and treatment outcomes of a range of respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In this Review, we summarize the most recent data in this field, offering insights into mechanisms of gut-airway crosstalk across spatial and temporal gradients and their relevance for respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Özçam
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Semmler F, Regis Belisário-Ferrari M, Kulosa M, Kaysser L. The Metabolic Potential of the Human Lung Microbiome. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1448. [PMID: 39065215 PMCID: PMC11278768 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human lung microbiome remains largely underexplored, despite its potential implications in the pharmacokinetics of inhaled drugs and its involvement in lung diseases. Interactions within these bacterial communities and with the host are complex processes which often involve microbial small molecules. In this study, we employed a computational approach to describe the metabolic potential of the human lung microbiome. By utilizing antiSMASH and BiG-SCAPE software, we identified 1831 biosynthetic gene clusters for the production of specialized metabolites in a carefully compiled genome database of lung-associated bacteria and fungi. It was shown that RiPPs represent the largest class of natural products within the bacteriome, while NRPs constitute the largest class of natural products in the lung mycobiome. All predicted BGCs were further categorized into 767 gene cluster families, and a subsequent network analysis highlighted that these families are widely distributed and contain many uncharacterized members. Moreover, in-depth annotation allowed the assignment of certain gene clusters to putative lung-specific functions within the microbiome, such as osmoadaptation or surfactant synthesis. This study establishes the lung microbiome as a prolific source for secondary metabolites and lays the groundwork for detailed investigation of this unique environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leonard Kaysser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Leipzig, 04317 Leipzig, Germany; (F.S.); (M.R.B.-F.); (M.K.)
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3
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Madanhire T, McHugh G, Simms V, Ngwira L, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Semphere R, Moyo B, Calderwood C, Nicol M, Bandason T, Odland JO, Rehman AM, Ferrand RA. Longitudinal lung function trajectories in response to azithromycin therapy for chronic lung disease in children with HIV infection: a secondary analysis of the BREATHE trial. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 38997676 PMCID: PMC11245797 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lung disease (CLD) is common among children with HIV (CWH) including in those taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Azithromycin has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects and has been effective in improving lung function in a variety of lung diseases. We investigated lung function trajectories among CWH with CLD on ART enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of adjuvant azithromycin. We also investigated factors that modified the effect of azithromycin on lung function. METHODS The study used data from a double-blinded placebo-controlled trial conducted in Malawi and Zimbabwe of 48 weeks on azithromycin (BREATHE: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02426112) among CWH aged 6 to 19 years taking ART for at least six months who had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) z-score <-1.0. Participants had a further follow-up period of 24 weeks after intervention cessation. FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were measured at baseline, 24, 48 and 72-weeks and z-scores values calculated. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) models were used to determine the mean effect of azithromycin on lung-function z-scores at each follow-up time point. RESULTS Overall, 347 adolescents (51% male, median age 15 years) were randomized to azithromycin or placebo. The median duration on ART was 6.2 (interquartile range: 3.8-8.6) years and 56.2% had an HIV viral load < 1000copies/ml at baseline. At baseline, the mean FEV1 z-score was - 2.0 (0.7) with 44.7% (n = 155) having an FEV1 z-score <-2, and 10.1% had microbiological evidence of azithromycin resistance. In both trial arms, FEV1 and FVC z-scores improved by 24 weeks but appeared to decline thereafter. The adjusted overall mean difference in FEV1 z-score between the azithromycin and placebo arms was 0.004 [-0.08, 0.09] suggesting no azithromycin effect and this was similar for other lung function parameters. There was no evidence of interaction between azithromycin effect and baseline age, lung function, azithromycin resistance or HIV viral load. CONCLUSION There was no observed azithromycin effect on lung function z-scores at any time point suggesting no therapeutic effect on lung function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02426112. First registered on 24/04/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Madanhire
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe.
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Grace McHugh
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Victoria Simms
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lucky Ngwira
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Carmen Gonzalez-Martinez
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robina Semphere
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Brewster Moyo
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Claire Calderwood
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark Nicol
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tsitsi Bandason
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jon O Odland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Andrea M Rehman
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research & Training Institute, 10 Seagrave Road, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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4
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Luo S, Yan P, Wang X, Ren X, Sun K, Guo L, Lv J, Su X, Zhao K, Chen J, Wang R. Talaromyces marneffei: A challenging diagnosis in a kidney transplant patient. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9028. [PMID: 38911919 PMCID: PMC11192592 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message In addition to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, it is necessary to be alert to the drug-resistant bacteria or fungal infection, especially Talaromyces marneffei, in kidney transplant patients who have failed antibiotic treatment and whose PET-CT indicates high metabolic mass in the transplanted kidney with a large number of other organs and lymph nodes. Abstract Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a rare pathogenic fungus that primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are serious complications that can occur after solid organ and cell transplantation. Both TM infection and PTLD can invade the monocyte-macrophage system and often manifest as extranodal masses. This case report describes a kidney transplant patient who presented with symptoms of frequent, urgent, and painful urination over 6 months. Pulmonary CT scans revealed multiple nodules, and PET-CT demonstrated enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs and the transplanted kidney. The clinical manifestations closely mimicked those of PTLD. The confirmation of TM was achieved through pathogen metagenomic next-generation sequencing and renal biopsy. Unfortunately, despite receiving treatment with antifungal agents, anti-infective therapy, the patient's condition did not respond favorably, ultimately resulting in their unfortunate demise due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Luo
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Pengpeng Yan
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Xingxia Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Nephrology903rd Hospital of PLAHangzhouChina
| | - Xue Ren
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Department of Nephrology, Huzhou Central HospitalZhejiang ProvinceHuzhouChina
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Luying Guo
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Junhao Lv
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Xinhui Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kui Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Rending Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control TechnologyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney DiseasesChina
- Institute of NephrologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System DiseaseHangzhouChina
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5
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Combs MP, Luth JE, Falkowski NR, Wheeler DS, Walker NM, Erb-Downward JR, Wakeam E, Sjoding MW, Dunlap DG, Admon AJ, Dickson RP, Lama VN. The Lung Microbiome Predicts Mortality and Response to Azithromycin in Lung Transplant Recipients with Chronic Rejection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:1360-1375. [PMID: 38271553 PMCID: PMC11146567 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202308-1326oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the leading cause of death after lung transplant, and azithromycin has variable efficacy in CLAD. The lung microbiome is a risk factor for developing CLAD, but the relationship between lung dysbiosis, pulmonary inflammation, and allograft dysfunction remains poorly understood. Whether lung microbiota predict outcomes or modify treatment response after CLAD is unknown. Objectives: To determine whether lung microbiota predict post-CLAD outcomes and clinical response to azithromycin. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using acellular BAL fluid prospectively collected from recipients of lung transplant within 90 days of CLAD onset. Lung microbiota were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and droplet digital PCR. In two additional cohorts, causal relationships of dysbiosis and inflammation were evaluated by comparing lung microbiota with CLAD-associated cytokines and measuring ex vivo P. aeruginosa growth in sterilized BAL fluid. Measurements and Main Results: Patients with higher bacterial burden had shorter post-CLAD survival, independent of CLAD phenotype, azithromycin treatment, and relevant covariates. Azithromycin treatment improved survival in patients with high bacterial burden but had negligible impact on patients with low or moderate burden. Lung bacterial burden was positively associated with CLAD-associated cytokines, and ex vivo growth of P. aeruginosa was augmented in BAL fluid from transplant recipients with CLAD. Conclusions: In recipients of lung transplants with chronic rejection, increased lung bacterial burden is an independent risk factor for mortality and predicts clinical response to azithromycin. Lung bacterial dysbiosis is associated with alveolar inflammation and may be promoted by underlying lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elliot Wakeam
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W. Sjoding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel G. Dunlap
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J. Admon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert P. Dickson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and
- Weil Institute for Critical Care Research and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Vibha N. Lama
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Guimarães-Pinto K, Leandro M, Corrêa A, Maia EP, Rodrigues L, da Costa ALA, Rafael Machado Ferreira J, Claudio-Etienne E, Siebenlist U, He J, Rigoni TDS, Ferreira TPT, Jannini-Sa YAP, Matos-Guedes HL, Costa-da-Silva AC, Lopes MF, Silva PMR, Kelsall BL, Filardy AA. Differential regulation of lung homeostasis and silicosis by the TAM receptors MerTk and Axl. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380628. [PMID: 38774866 PMCID: PMC11106457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction TAM receptor-mediated efferocytosis plays an important function in immune regulation and may contribute to antigen tolerance in the lungs, a site with continuous cellular turnover and generation of apoptotic cells. Some studies have identified failures in efferocytosis as a common driver of inflammation and tissue destruction in lung diseases. Our study is the first to characterize the in vivo function of the TAM receptors, Axl and MerTk, in the innate immune cell compartment, cytokine and chemokine production, as well as the alveolar macrophage (AM) phenotype in different settings in the airways and lung parenchyma. Methods We employed MerTk and Axl defective mice to induce acute silicosis by a single exposure to crystalline silica particles (20 mg/50 μL). Although both mRNA levels of Axl and MerTk receptors were constitutively expressed by lung cells and isolated AMs, we found that MerTk was critical for maintaining lung homeostasis, whereas Axl played a role in the regulation of silica-induced inflammation. Our findings imply that MerTk and Axl differently modulated inflammatory tone via AM and neutrophil recruitment, phenotype and function by flow cytometry, and TGF-β and CXCL1 protein levels, respectively. Finally, Axl expression was upregulated in both MerTk-/- and WT AMs, confirming its importance during inflammation. Conclusion This study provides strong evidence that MerTk and Axl are specialized to orchestrate apoptotic cell clearance across different circumstances and may have important implications for the understanding of pulmonary inflammatory disorders as well as for the development of new approaches to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Guimarães-Pinto
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monique Leandro
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonia Corrêa
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ester P. Maia
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rodrigues
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Amorim da Costa
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Estefannia Claudio-Etienne
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Jianping He
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Thaís da Silva Rigoni
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Herbert Leonel Matos-Guedes
- Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Costa-da-Silva
- Oral Immunobiology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Marcela Freitas Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Brian Lee Kelsall
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Maryland, MD, United States
| | - Alessandra Almeida Filardy
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Health Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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7
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Nenciarini S, Renzi S, di Paola M, Meriggi N, Cavalieri D. Ascomycetes yeasts: The hidden part of human microbiome. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1641. [PMID: 38228159 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The fungal component of the microbiota, the mycobiota, has been neglected for a long time due to its poor richness compared to bacteria. Limitations in fungal detection and taxonomic identification arise from using metagenomic approaches, often borrowed from bacteriome analyses. However, the relatively recent discoveries of the ability of fungi to modulate the host immune response and their involvement in human diseases have made mycobiota a fundamental component of the microbial communities inhabiting the human host, deserving some consideration in host-microbe interaction studies and in metagenomics. Here, we reviewed recent data on the identification of yeasts of the Ascomycota phylum across human body districts, focusing on the most representative genera, that is, Saccharomyces and Candida. Then, we explored the key factors involved in shaping the human mycobiota across the lifespan, ranging from host genetics to environment, diet, and lifestyle habits. Finally, we discussed the strengths and weaknesses of culture-dependent and independent methods for mycobiota characterization. Overall, there is still room for some improvements, especially regarding fungal-specific methodological approaches and bioinformatics challenges, which are still critical steps in mycobiota analysis, and to advance our knowledge on the role of the gut mycobiota in human health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Immune System Diseases > Environmental Factors Infectious Diseases > Environmental Factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Renzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Monica di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Meriggi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Perdijk O, Azzoni R, Marsland BJ. The microbiome: an integral player in immune homeostasis and inflammation in the respiratory tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:835-879. [PMID: 38059886 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decade of microbiome research has highlighted its fundamental role in systemic immune and metabolic homeostasis. The microbiome plays a prominent role during gestation and into early life, when maternal lifestyle factors shape immune development of the newborn. Breast milk further shapes gut colonization, supporting the development of tolerance to commensal bacteria and harmless antigens while preventing outgrowth of pathogens. Environmental microbial and lifestyle factors that disrupt this process can dysregulate immune homeostasis, predisposing infants to atopic disease and childhood asthma. In health, the low-biomass lung microbiome, together with inhaled environmental microbial constituents, establishes the immunological set point that is necessary to maintain pulmonary immune defense. However, in disease perturbations to immunological and physiological processes allow the upper respiratory tract to act as a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, which can colonize the diseased lung and cause severe inflammation. Studying these host-microbe interactions in respiratory diseases holds great promise to stratify patients for suitable treatment regimens and biomarker discovery to predict disease progression. Preclinical studies show that commensal gut microbes are in a constant flux of cell division and death, releasing microbial constituents, metabolic by-products, and vesicles that shape the immune system and can protect against respiratory diseases. The next major advances may come from testing and utilizing these microbial factors for clinical benefit and exploiting the predictive power of the microbiome by employing multiomics analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Perdijk
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rossana Azzoni
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Bano Y, Shrivastava A, Shukla P, Chaudhary AA, Khan SUD, Khan S. The implication of microbiome in lungs cancer: mechanisms and strategies of cancer growth, diagnosis and therapy. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38556797 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2324864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Available evidence illustrates that microbiome is a promising target for the study of growth, diagnosis and therapy of various types of cancer. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The relationship of microbiota and their products with diverse pathologic conditions has been getting large attention. The novel research suggests that the microbiome plays an important role in the growth and progression of lung cancer. The lung microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining mucosal immunity and synchronizing the stability between tolerance and inflammation. Alteration in microbiome is identified as a critical player in the progression of lung cancer and negatively impacts the patient. Studies suggest that healthy microbiome is essential for effective therapy. Various clinical trials and research are focusing on enhancing the treatment efficacy by altering the microbiome. The regulation of microbiota will provide innovative and promising treatment strategies for the maintenance of host homeostasis and the prevention of lung cancer in lung cancer patients. In the current review article, we presented the latest progress about the involvement of microbiome in the growth and diagnosis of lung cancer. Furthermore, we also assessed the therapeutic status of the microbiome for the management and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Bano
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Hospital and research Institute, Gwalior, India
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Abhinav Shrivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Cancer Hospital and research Institute, Gwalior, India
| | - Piyush Shukla
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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10
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Lian Q, Song X, Yang J, Wang L, Xu P, Wang X, Xu X, Yang B, He J, Ju C. Alterations of lung microbiota in lung transplant recipients with pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Respir Res 2024; 25:125. [PMID: 38486264 PMCID: PMC10941442 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence revealed that lung microbiota dysbiosis was associated with pulmonary infection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that frequently causes lethal pneumonia in LTRs. However, the lung microbiota in LTRs with P. jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) remains unknow. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on 72 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from 61 LTRs (20 with PJP, 22 with PJC, 19 time-matched stable LTRs, and 11 from LTRs after PJP recovery). We compared the lung microbiota composition of LTRs with and without P. jirovecii, and analyzed the related clinical variables. RESULTS BALFs collected at the episode of PJP showed a more discrete distribution with a lower species diversity, and microbiota composition differed significantly compared to P. jirovecii colonization (PJC) and control group. Human gammaherpesvirus 4, Phreatobacter oligotrophus, and Pseudomonas balearica were the differential microbiota species between the PJP and the other two groups. The network analysis revealed that most species had a positive correlation, while P. jirovecii was correlated negatively with 10 species including Acinetobacter venetianus, Pseudomonas guariconensis, Paracandidimonas soli, Acinetobacter colistiniresistens, and Castellaniella defragrans, which were enriched in the control group. The microbiota composition and diversity of BALF after PJP recovery were also different from the PJP and control groups, while the main components of the PJP recovery similar to control group. Clinical variables including age, creatinine, total protein, albumin, IgG, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CD3+CD45+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells were deeply implicated in the alterations of lung microbiota in LTRs. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that LTRs with PJP had altered lung microbiota compared to PJC, control, and after recovery groups. Furthermore, lung microbiota is related to age, renal function, nutritional and immune status in LTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuling Song
- Vision Medicals Co., Ltd, 510700, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Vision Medicals Co., Ltd, 510700, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Peihang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Vision Medicals Co., Ltd, 510700, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Chunrong Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Department of Organ transplantation, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 510120, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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11
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Oda H, Tanaka S, Chen-Yoshikawa TF, Morimura Y, Yamada Y, Yutaka Y, Nakajima D, Hamaji M, Ohsumi A, Menju T, Nagao M, Date H. Impact of perioperative airway pathogens on living-donor lobar lung transplantation outcomes. Surg Today 2024; 54:266-274. [PMID: 37540232 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the clinical impact of pathogenic organism (PO) positivity early after transplantation, we evaluated the impact of perioperative airway POs on outcomes after living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT), where the graft airway is supposed to be sterile from a healthy donor. METHOD A retrospective review of 67 adult LDLLT procedures involving 132 living donors was performed. Presence of POs in the recipients' airways was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively in intensive-care units. RESULTS POs were detected preoperatively in 13 (19.4%) recipients. No POs were isolated from the donor airways at transplantation. POs were detected in 39 (58.2%) recipients postoperatively; most were different from the POs isolated preoperatively. Postoperative PO isolation was not associated with short-term outcomes other than prolonged postoperative ventilation. The 5-year overall survival was significantly better in the PO-negative group than in the PO-positive group (89.1% vs. 63.7%, P = 0.014). In the multivariate analysis, advanced age (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.041 per 1-year increase, P = 0.033) and posttransplant PO positivity in the airway (HR: 3.684, P = 0.019) significantly affected the survival. CONCLUSIONS The airways of the living-donor grafts were microbiologically sterile. PO positivity in the airway early after transplantation negatively impacted long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Oda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tazuke Kofukai, Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, 2-4-20 Ohgimachi, Kita-Ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 530-8480, Japan
| | - Satona Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Toyofumi F Chen-Yoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya City, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yuki Morimura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshito Yamada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yutaka
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hamaji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohsumi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshi Menju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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12
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Eladham MW, Selvakumar B, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Ibrahim SM, Halwani R. Unraveling the gut-Lung axis: Exploring complex mechanisms in disease interplay. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24032. [PMID: 38268584 PMCID: PMC10806295 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between gut and lung starts as early as during organogenesis. Even though they are anatomically distinct, essential bidirectional crosstalk via complex mechanisms supports GLA. Emerging studies have demonstrated the association of gut and lung diseases via multifaceted mechanisms. Advancements in omics and metagenomics technologies revealed a potential link between gut and lung microbiota, adding further complexity to GLA. Despite substantial studies on GLA in various disease models, mechanisms beyond microbial dysbiosis regulating the interplay between gut and lung tissues during disease conditions are not thoroughly reviewed. This review outlines disease specific GLA mechanisms, emphasizing research gaps with a focus on gut-to-lung direction based on current GLA literature. Moreover, the review discusses potential gut microbiota and their products like metabolites, immune modulators, and non-bacterial contributions as a basis for developing treatment strategies for lung diseases. Advanced experimental methods, modern diagnostic tools, and technological advancements are also highlighted as crucial areas for improvement in developing novel therapeutic approaches for GLA-related diseases. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of exploring additional mechanisms within the GLA to gain a deeper understanding that could aid in preventing and treating a wide spectrum of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Wed Eladham
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balachandar Selvakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Lussac-Sorton F, Charpentier É, Imbert S, Lefranc M, Bui S, Fayon M, Berger P, Enaud R, Delhaes L. The gut-lung axis in the CFTR modulator era. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1271117. [PMID: 37780857 PMCID: PMC10540301 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1271117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of CFTR modulators represents a turning point in the history of cystic fibrosis (CF) management, changing profoundly the disease's clinical course by improving mucosal hydration. Assessing changes in airway and digestive tract microbiomes is of great interest to better understand the mechanisms and to predict disease evolution. Bacterial and fungal dysbiosis have been well documented in patients with CF; yet the impact of CFTR modulators on microbial communities has only been partially deciphered to date. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of CFTR modulators on both pulmonary and digestive microbiomes. Our analysis also covers the inter-organ connections between lung and gut communities, in order to highlight the gut-lung axis involvement in CF pathophysiology and its evolution in the era of novel modulators therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lussac-Sorton
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Éléna Charpentier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Imbert
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Lefranc
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Bui
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Fayon
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raphaël Enaud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Pessac, France
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose (CRCM), Service de Pédiatrie, Service d’Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, CIC, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Britton N, Villabona-Rueda A, Whiteside SA, Mathew J, Kelley M, Agbor-Enoh S, McDyer JF, Christie JD, Collman RG, Cox AL, Shah P, D'Alessio F. Pseudomonas-dominant microbiome elicits sustained IL-1β upregulation in alveolar macrophages from lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1166-1174. [PMID: 37088343 PMCID: PMC10538944 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) is associated with increased BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) inflammation and lung allograft injury in lung transplant recipients (LTR). However, the effect of PsA on macrophage responses in this population is incompletely understood. We examined human alveolar macrophage (AMΦ) responses to PsA and Pseudomonas dominant microbiome in healthy LTR. METHODS We stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages (THP-1MΦ) and human AMΦ from LTR with different bacteria and LTR BAL derived microbiome characterized as Pseudomonas-dominant. Macrophage responses were assessed by high dimensional flow cytometry, including their intracellular production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-1RA, and TGF-β). Pharmacological inhibitors were utilized to evaluate the role of the inflammasome in PsA-macrophage interaction. RESULTS We observed upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) following stimulation by PsA compared to other bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus (S.Aur), Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus pneumoniae) in both THP-1MΦ and LTR AMΦ, predominated by IL-1β. IL-1β production from THP-1MΦ was sustained after PsA stimulation for up to 96 hours and 48 hours in LTR AMΦ. Treatment with the inflammasome inhibitor BAY11-7082 abrogated THP-1MΦ IL-1β production after PsA exposure. BAL Pseudomonas-dominant microbiota elicited an increased IL-1β, similar to PsA, an effect abrogated by the addition of antibiotics. CONCLUSION PsA and PsA-dominant lung microbiota induce sustained IL-1β production in LTR AMΦ. Pharmacological targeting of the inflammasome reduces PsA-macrophage-IL-1β responses, underscoring their use in lung transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Britton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Andres Villabona-Rueda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samantha A Whiteside
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joby Mathew
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Kelley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sean Agbor-Enoh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Laboratory of Applied Precision Omics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John F McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason D Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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15
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Tan Y, Chen Z, Zeng Z, Wu S, Liu J, Zou S, Wang M, Liang K. Microbiomes Detected by Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing among HIV-Infected and Uninfected Patients with Pulmonary Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0000523. [PMID: 37436163 PMCID: PMC10434007 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00005-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparison of lung microbiomes between HIV-infected and uninfected patients with pulmonary infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has not been described in China. The lung microbiomes detected in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) by mNGS among HIV-infected and uninfected patients with pulmonary infection were reviewed in the First Hospital of Changsha between January 2019 and June 2022. In total, 476 HIV-infected and 280 uninfected patients with pulmonary infection were enrolled. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, the proportions of Mycobacterium (P = 0.011), fungi (P < 0.001), and viruses (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in HIV-infected patients. The higher positive rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB; P = 0.018), higher positive rates of Pneumocystis jirovecii and Talaromyces marneffei (all P < 0.001), and higher positive rate of cytomegalovirus (P < 0.001) contributed to the increased proportions of Mycobacterium, fungi, and viruses among HIV-infected patients, respectively. The constituent ratios of Streptococcus pneumoniae (P = 0.007) and Tropheryma whipplei (P = 0.002) in the bacteria spectrum were significantly higher, while the constituent ratio of Klebsiella pneumoniae (P = 0.005) was significantly lower in HIV-infected patients than in HIV-uninfected patients. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, the constituent ratios of P. jirovecii and T. marneffei (all P < 0.001) in the fungal spectrum were significantly higher, while the constituent ratios of Candida and Aspergillus (all P < 0.001) were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients. In comparison to HIV-infected patients without antiretroviral therapy (ART), the proportions of T. whipplei (P = 0.001), MTB (P = 0.024), P. jirovecii (P < 0.001), T. marneffei (P < 0.001), and cytomegalovirus (P = 0.008) were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients on ART. Significant differences in lung microbiomes exist between HIV-infected and uninfected patients with pulmonary infection, and ART influences the lung microbiomes among HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infection. IMPORTANCE A better understanding of lung microorganisms is conducive to early diagnosis and treatment and will improve the prognosis of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infection. Currently, few studies have systematically described the spectrum of pulmonary infection among HIV-infected patients. This study is the first to provide comprehensive information on the lung microbiomes of HIV-infected patients with pulmonary infection (as assessed by more sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar fluid) compared with those from HIV-uninfected patients, which could provide a reference for the etiology of pulmonary infection among HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Infection and Immunology, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Zeng
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of the First Hospital of Changsha, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Songjie Wu
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Infection and Immunology, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Center for Infectious Disease Prevention, Control and Treatment, Wuhan, China
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16
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Hong G, Daniel SG, Lee JJ, Bittinger K, Glaser L, Mattei LM, Dorgan DJ, Hadjiliadis D, Kawut SM, Collman RG. Distinct community structures of the fungal microbiome and respiratory health in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:636-643. [PMID: 36822979 PMCID: PMC10440372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The respiratory tract fungal microbiome in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been understudied despite increasing recognition of fungal pathogens in CF lung disease. We sought to better understand the fungal communities in adults with CF, and to define relationships between fungal profiles and clinical characteristics. METHODS We enrolled 66 adults with CF and collected expectorated sputum, spirometry, Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-revised, and clinical data. Fungi were molecularly profiled by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Total fungal abundance was measured by quantitative PCR. Relative abundance and qPCR-corrected abundances were determined. Selective fungus culture identified cultivable fungi. Alpha diversity and beta diversity were measured and relationships with clinical parameters were interrogated. RESULTS Median age was 29 years and median FEV1 percent predicted 58%. Members of the Candida genus were the most frequent dominant taxa in CF sputum. Apiotrichum, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Scedosporium were present in high relative abundance in few samples; whereas, Aspergillus species were detected at low levels. Higher FEV1% predicted and CFTR modulator use were associated with greater alpha-diversity. Chronic azithromycin use was associated with lower alpha-diversity. Patients with acute pulmonary had distinct fungal community composition compared to clinically stable subjects. Differing yeast species were mainly responsible for the community differences. CONCLUSION The respiratory tract fungal microbiome in adults with CF is associated with lung function, pulmonary exacerbation status, macrolide use, and CFTR modulator use. Future work to better understand fungal diversity in the CF airway and its impact on lung health is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Hong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Palestine, State of.
| | - Scott G Daniel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Laurel Glaser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa M Mattei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104
| | - Daniel J Dorgan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Palestine, State of
| | - Denis Hadjiliadis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Palestine, State of
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Palestine, State of
| | - Ronald G Collman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Palestine, State of
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Rozaliyani A, Antariksa B, Nurwidya F, Zaini J, Setianingrum F, Hasan F, Nugrahapraja H, Yusva H, Wibowo H, Bowolaksono A, Kosmidis C. The Fungal and Bacterial Interface in the Respiratory Mycobiome with a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041017. [PMID: 37109545 PMCID: PMC10142979 DOI: 10.3390/life13041017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the lung microbiome and its alteration are prevalently seen among chronic lung diseases patients. However, studies to date have primarily focused on the bacterial microbiome in the lung rather than fungal composition, which might play an essential role in the mechanisms of several chronic lung diseases. It is now well established that Aspergillus spp. colonies may induce various unfavorable inflammatory responses. Furthermore, bacterial microbiomes such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide several mechanisms that inhibit or stimulate Aspergillus spp. life cycles. In this review, we highlighted fungal and bacterial microbiome interactions in the respiratory tract, with a focus on Aspergillus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rozaliyani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Antariksa
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Fariz Nurwidya
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Jamal Zaini
- Department of Pulmonoloy and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicinie, Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan National Respiratory Referral Hospital, Jakarta 13230, Indonesia
| | - Findra Setianingrum
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Firman Hasan
- Indonesia Pulmonary Mycoses Centre, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Husna Nugrahapraja
- Life Science and Biotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40312, Indonesia
| | - Humaira Yusva
- Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Heri Wibowo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Anom Bowolaksono
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Chris Kosmidis
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
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18
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Zhu Y, Chang D. Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Zhu
- Graduate School of The PLA General Hospital Beijing China
| | - De Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Seventh Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China
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Abstract
New methods and technologies within the field of lung biology are beginning to shed new light into the microbial world of the respiratory tract. Long considered to be a sterile environment, it is now clear that the human lungs are frequently exposed to live microbes and their by-products. The nature of the lung microbiome is quite distinct from other microbial communities inhabiting our bodies such as those in the gut. Notably, the microbiome of the lung exhibits a low biomass and is dominated by dynamic fluxes of microbial immigration and clearance, resulting in a bacterial burden and microbiome composition that is fluid in nature rather than fixed. As our understanding of the microbial ecology of the lung improves, it is becoming increasingly apparent that certain disease states can disrupt the microbial-host interface and ultimately affect disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we provide an overview of lower airway microbial dynamics in health and disease and discuss future work that is required to uncover novel therapeutic targets to improve lung health.
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20
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Zhang C, Liu T, Wang Y, Chen W, Liu J, Tao J, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Zhang Z, Ming M, Wang M, Lu G, Yan G. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with severe pneumonia in pediatric intensive care unit. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1082925. [PMID: 37009495 PMCID: PMC10064343 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1082925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSevere pneumonia due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Noninfectious respiratory syndromes resembling LRTIs can complicate the diagnosis and may also make targeted therapy difficult because of the difficulty of identifying LRTI pathogens. In the present study, a highly sensitive metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used to characterize the microbiome of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with severe lower pneumonia and identify pathogenic microorganisms that may cause severe pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to use mNGS to explore the potential microbiomes of children with severe pneumonia in a PICU.MethodsWe enrolled patients meeting diagnostic criteria for severe pneumonia admitted at PICU of the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, China, from February 2018 to February 2020. In total, 126 BALF samples were collected, and mNGS was performed at the DNA and/or RNA level. The pathogenic microorganisms in BALF were identified and correlated with serological inflammatory indicators, lymphocyte subtypes, and clinical symptoms.ResultsmNGS of BALF identified potentially pathogenic bacteria in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU. An increased BALF bacterial diversity index was positively correlated with serum inflammatory indicators and lymphocyte subtypes. Children with severe pneumonia in the PICU had the potential for coinfection with viruses including Epstein–Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Human betaherpesvirus 6B, the abundance of which was positively correlated with immunodeficiency and pneumonia severity, suggesting that the virus may be reactivated in children in the PICU. There was also the potential for coinfection with fungal pathogens including Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in children with severe pneumonia in the PICU, and an increase in potentially pathogenic eukaryotic diversity in BALF was positively associated with the occurrence of death and sepsis.ConclusionsmNGS can be used for clinical microbiological testing of BALF samples from children in the PICU. Bacterial combined with viral or fungal infections may be present in the BALF of patients with severe pneumonia in the PICU. Viral or fungal infections are associated with greater disease severity and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhang
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyan Liu
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixue Wang
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Chen
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhao Tao
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengzheng Zhang
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiu Ming
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children’s Health, Shanghai, China
- Microbiome Therapy Center, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Gangfeng Yan, ; Guoping Lu, ; Mingbang Wang,
| | - Guoping Lu
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gangfeng Yan, ; Guoping Lu, ; Mingbang Wang,
| | - Gangfeng Yan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Gangfeng Yan, ; Guoping Lu, ; Mingbang Wang,
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21
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Marty PK, Yetmar ZA, Gerberi DJ, Escalante P, Pennington KM, Mahmood M. Risk factors and outcomes of non-tuberculous mycobacteria infection in lung transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:264-274. [PMID: 36334962 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with structural lung disease and immunocompromised status are at increased risk of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. However, literature on NTM in lung transplant recipients (LTR) is limited. We sought to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis to examine associations with NTM disease and isolation in LTRs and their influence on mortality and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). METHODS A literature search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed on February 23, 2022. NTM disease was defined according to international guidelines. Isolation was defined as any growth of NTM in culture. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled for risk factors of NTM disease or isolation, and hazard ratios (HR) were pooled for mortality or CLAD. RESULTS Eleven studies totaling 3,371 patients were eligible for inclusion, 10 of which underwent meta-analysis. Cystic fibrosis (OR 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-3.30; I2 = 0%) and pre-transplant NTM isolation (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.20-4.83; I2 = 0%) were associated with NTM disease. Only male sex was associated with NTM isolation (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01-2.10; I2 = 0%). NTM disease was associated with increased mortality (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.70-4.26; I2 = 0%) and CLAD (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.03-4.35; I2 = 44%). NTM isolation was not associated with mortality in pooled analysis or CLAD in 1 included study. CONCLUSIONS NTM disease, but not isolation, is associated with worse outcomes. Several factors were associated with development of NTM disease, including cystic fibrosis and pretransplant NTM isolation. Strategies to optimize prevention and treatment of NTM disease in lung transplant recipients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Marty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Zachary A Yetmar
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dana J Gerberi
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricio Escalante
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelly M Pennington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maryam Mahmood
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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22
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Huynh M, Crane MJ, Jamieson AM. The lung, the niche, and the microbe: Exploring the lung microbiome in cancer and immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1094110. [PMID: 36733391 PMCID: PMC9888758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1094110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is a complex and unique organ system whose biology is strongly influenced by environmental exposure, oxygen abundance, connection to extrapulmonary systems via a dense capillary network, and an array of immune cells that reside in the tissue at steady state. The lung also harbors a low biomass community of commensal microorganisms that are dynamic during both health and disease with the capacity to modulate regulatory immune responses during diseases such as cancer. Lung cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide with the highest mortality rate amongst cancers due to the difficulty of an early diagnosis. This review discusses the current body of work addressing the interactions between the lung microbiota and the immune system, and how these two components of the pulmonary system are linked to lung cancer development and outcomes. Bringing in lessons from broader studies examining the effects of the gut microbiota on cancer outcomes, we highlight many challenges and gaps in this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda M. Jamieson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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23
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Chen P, Hu T, Jiang H, Li B, Li G, Ran P, Zhou Y. Chronic exposure to ampicillin alters lung microbial composition in laboratory rat. Exp Lung Res 2023; 49:116-130. [PMID: 37318203 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2219790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-throughput sequencing technologies have revealed that the lungs contain a variety of low biomass microbiota associated with various lung diseases. Rat model is an important tool to understand the possible causal relationship between pulmonary microbiota and diseases. Antibiotic exposure can alter the microbiota, however, a direct influence of long-term ampicillin exposure on commensal bacteria of healthy lungs has not been investigated, which could be useful in the study of the relation between microbiome and long-term lung diseases, especially in animal model-making of lung diseases. METHODS The rats were aerosolized ampicillin of different concentrations for five months, and then the effect on the lung microbiota was investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The ampicillin treatment by a certain concentration (LA5, 0.2 ml of 5 mg/ml ampicillin) administration leads to profound changes in the rat lung microbiota but not in the low critical ampicillin concentration (LA01 and LA1, 0.1 and 1 mg/ml ampicillin), when compared to the untreated group (LC). The genus Acidobacteria_Gp16 dominated the ampicillin treated lung microbiota while the genera Brucella, Acinetobacter, Acidobacteria_Gp14, Sphingomonas, and Tumebacillus dominated the untreated lung microbiota. The predicted KEGG pathway analysis profile revealed some difference in the ampicillin treated group. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the effects of different concentrations of ampicillin treatment on lung microbiota of rats in a relatively long term. It could serve as a basis for the clinical use of antibiotic and the use of ampicillin to control certain bacteria in the animal model-making of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Jiang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guiying Li
- Shool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Xu X, Ding F, Hu X, Yang F, Zhang T, Dong J, Xue Y, Liu T, Wang J, Jin Q. Upper respiratory tract mycobiome alterations in different kinds of pulmonary disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117779. [PMID: 37032908 PMCID: PMC10076636 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The human respiratory tract is considered to be a polymicrobial niche, and an imbalance in the microorganism composition is normally associated with several respiratory diseases. In addition to the well-studied bacteriome, the existence of fungal species in the respiratory tract has drawn increasing attention and has been suggested to have a significant clinical impact. However, the understanding of the respiratory fungal microbiota (mycobiome) in pulmonary diseases is still insufficient. Methods In this study, we investigated the fungal community composition of oropharynx swab (OS) samples from patients with five kinds of pulmonary disease, including interstitial lung disease (ILD), bacterial pneumonia (BP), fungal pneumonia (FP), asthma (AS) and lung cancer (LC), and compared them with healthy controls (HCs), based on high-throughput sequencing of the amplified fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Results The results showed significant differences in fungal composition and abundance between disease groups and HCs. Malassezia was the most significant genus, which was much more abundant in pulmonary diseases than in the control. In addition, many common taxa were shared among different disease groups, but differences in taxa abundance and specific species in distinct disease groups were also observed. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe), each group had its characteristic species. Furthermore, some species showed a significant correlation with the patient clinical characteristics. Discussion Our study deepened our understanding of the respiratory tract mycobiome in some diseases that are less studied and identified the commonalities and differences among different kinds of pulmonary disease. These results would provide the solid basis for further investigation of the association between the mycobiome and pathogenicity of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingye Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangping Ding
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqi Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Liu,
| | - Jing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Jing Wang,
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Qi Jin,
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McGinniss JE, Whiteside SA, Deek RA, Simon-Soro A, Graham-Wooten J, Oyster M, Brown MD, Cantu E, Diamond JM, Li H, Christie JD, Bushman FD, Collman RG. The Lung Allograft Microbiome Associates with Pepsin, Inflammation, and Primary Graft Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1508-1521. [PMID: 36103583 PMCID: PMC9757091 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202112-2786oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the principal cause of early morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. The lung microbiome has been implicated in later transplantation outcomes but has not been investigated in PGD. Objectives: To define the peritransplant bacterial lung microbiome and relationship to host response and PGD. Methods: This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Airway lavage samples from donor lungs before organ procurement and recipient allografts immediately after implantation underwent bacterial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Recipient allograft samples were analyzed for cytokines by multiplex array and pepsin by ELISA. Measurements and Main Results: We enrolled 139 transplant subjects and obtained donor lung (n = 109) and recipient allograft (n = 136) samples. Severe PGD (persistent grade 3) developed in 15 subjects over the first 72 hours, and 40 remained without PGD (persistent grade 0). The microbiome of donor lungs differed from healthy lungs, and recipient allograft microbiomes differed from donor lungs. Development of severe PGD was associated with enrichment in the immediate postimplantation lung of oropharyngeal anaerobic taxa, particularly Prevotella. Elevated pepsin, a gastric biomarker, and a hyperinflammatory cytokine profile were present in recipient allografts in severe PGD and strongly correlated with microbiome composition. Together, immediate postimplantation allograft Prevotella/Streptococcus ratio, pepsin, and indicator cytokines were associated with development of severe PGD during the 72-hour post-transplantation period (area under the curve = 0.81). Conclusions: Lung allografts that develop PGD have a microbiome enriched in anaerobic oropharyngeal taxa, elevated gastric pepsin, and hyperinflammatory phenotype. These findings suggest a possible role for peritransplant aspiration in PGD, a potentially actionable mechanism that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. McGinniss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | - Aurea Simon-Soro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Michelle Oyster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Melanie D. Brown
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Joshua M. Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics
| | - Jason D. Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
| | - Frederic D. Bushman
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald G. Collman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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26
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Glanville AR, Mitchell AB. New Tools for Old Problems: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and the Lung Allograft Microbiome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1444-1445. [PMID: 35925015 PMCID: PMC9757095 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1446ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allan R. Glanville
- The Lung Transplant UnitSt. Vincent’s HospitalSydney, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Shajiei A, Liu L, Seinen J, Dieperink W, Hammerschmidt S, Maarten van Dijl J, Harmsen HJ. Specific associations between fungi and bacteria in broncho-alveolar aspirates from mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients. Virulence 2022; 13:2022-2031. [PMID: 36384379 PMCID: PMC9673952 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2146568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of fungi in the human respiratory tract may represent contamination, colonization or a respiratory infection. To develop effective management strategies, a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the lung fungal microbiome is required. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to define the "mycobiome" of mechanically ventilated patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) using broncho-alveolar aspirate ("sputum") samples and correlate this with clinical parameters and the bacterial microbiota. To this end, the mycobiome of 33 sputum samples was analyzed by Internal Transcribed Spacer2 (ITS2) amplicon sequencing of the ribosomal operons. The results show that in the investigated sputa of mechanically ventilated patients Candida spp. were most frequently detected, independent of pneumonia or antimicrobial therapy. The presence of Candida excluded in most cases the presence of Malassezia, which was the second most-frequently encountered fungus. Moreover, a hierarchical clustering of the sequence data indicated a patient-specific mycobiome. Fungi detected by culturing (Candida and Aspergillus) were also detected through ITS2 sequencing, but other yeasts and fungi were only detectable by sequencing. While Candida showed no correlations with identified bacterial groups, the presence of Malassezia and Rhodotorula correlated with oral bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Likewise, Cladosporium correlated with other oral bacteria, whereas Saccharomyces correlated more specifically with dental plaque bacteria and Alternaria with the nasal-throat-resident bacteria Neisseria, Haemophilus and Moraxella. In conclusion, ITS2 sequencing of sputum samples uncovered patient-specific lung mycobiomes, which were only partially detectable by culturing, and which could be correlated to specific nasal-oral-pharyngeal niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Shajiei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolien Seinen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Willem Dieperink
- Department of Critical Care, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermie J.M. Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,CONTACT Hermie J.M. Harmsen
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Liu C, Wu K, Sun T, Chen B, Yi Y, Ren R, Xie L, Xiao K. Effect of invasive mechanical ventilation on the diversity of the pulmonary microbiota. Crit Care 2022; 26:252. [PMID: 35996150 PMCID: PMC9394019 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary microbial diversity may be influenced by biotic or abiotic conditions (e.g., disease, smoking, invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), etc.). Specially, invasive MV may trigger structural and physiological changes in both tissue and microbiota of lung, due to gastric and oral microaspiration, altered body posture, high O2 inhalation-induced O2 toxicity in hypoxemic patients, impaired airway clearance and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which in turn reduce the diversity of the pulmonary microbiota and may ultimately lead to poor prognosis. Furthermore, changes in (local) O2 concentration can reduce the diversity of the pulmonary microbiota by affecting the local immune microenvironment of lung. In conclusion, systematic literature studies have found that invasive MV reduces pulmonary microbiota diversity, and future rational regulation of pulmonary microbiota diversity by existing or novel clinical tools (e.g., lung probiotics, drugs) may improve the prognosis of invasive MV treatment and lead to more effective treatment of lung diseases with precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Wu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Yi
- MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruotong Ren
- MatriDx Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China.
- Foshan Branch, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Xiao
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Sen T, Thummer RP. The Impact of Human Microbiotas in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:932228. [PMID: 35874759 PMCID: PMC9300833 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.932228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota heavily influences most vital aspects of human physiology including organ transplantation outcomes and transplant rejection risk. A variety of organ transplantation scenarios such as lung and heart transplantation as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is heavily influenced by the human microbiotas. The human microbiota refers to a rich, diverse, and complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, archaea, helminths, protozoans, parasites, and viruses. Research accumulating over the past decade has established the existence of complex cross-species, cross-kingdom interactions between the residents of the various human microbiotas and the human body. Since the gut microbiota is the densest, most popular, and most studied human microbiota, the impact of other human microbiotas such as the oral, lung, urinary, and genital microbiotas is often overshadowed. However, these microbiotas also provide critical and unique insights pertaining to transplantation success, rejection risk, and overall host health, across multiple different transplantation scenarios. Organ transplantation as well as the pre-, peri-, and post-transplant pharmacological regimens patients undergo is known to adversely impact the microbiotas, thereby increasing the risk of adverse patient outcomes. Over the past decade, holistic approaches to post-transplant patient care such as the administration of clinical and dietary interventions aiming at restoring deranged microbiota community structures have been gaining momentum. Examples of these include prebiotic and probiotic administration, fecal microbial transplantation, and bacteriophage-mediated multidrug-resistant bacterial decolonization. This review will discuss these perspectives and explore the role of different human microbiotas in the context of various transplantation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajkumar P. Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Xing S, Zhang H, Qiu Y, Pan M, Zeng W, Zhang J. Clinical Characteristics of Transplant Recipients Infected with Talaromyces Marneffei: 2 Case Reports and a Literature Review. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2879-2890. [PMID: 35686193 PMCID: PMC9172725 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s363362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of transplant recipients infected with Talaromyces marneffei (TM). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 2 patients with Talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) and transplants at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, and a systematic literature review was conducted simultaneously. Results This article reported two patients after kidney transplantation who developed fever, cough within 3-4 months. Their haemoglobin was decreased. Their chest computed tomography (CT) showed nodules. TM was detected in their blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS). After antifungal treatment with voriconazole (VOR), one patient worsened, the other patient died. A total of 21 patients with TSM after transplants were reported in the literature review. Fourteen underwent kidney transplantation, 4 underwent liver transplantation, 2 underwent lung transplantation, and 1 underwent bone marrow transplantation. The median time from initiating the postoperative immunosuppressive therapy to the onset of symptoms or disease changes was 18 (0.5-140) months. Among them, 9 patients developed fever, 7 patients developed cough or expectoration and 4 patients developed dyspnoea. Haemoglobin was decreased in 10 patients. Pulmonary nodules were found in 7 patients. Among the 21 patients, 7 were diagnosed by positive culture, 6 by biopsy, 5 by culture and biopsy. Of the 21 patients, 13 patients improved by antifungal therapy, 8 patients worsened or died. Seven patients who received amphotericin B followed by itraconazole (ITR) therapy all improved. Regarding the use of immunosuppressants in 12 patients, 9 patients had to discontinue or reduce their medications (6 patients improved, 3 patients worsened or died). Conclusion Patients with TSM after transplant often have disseminated infections, involving the respiratory, hematopoietic and so on. Fever, cough, decreased haemoglobin and pulmonary nodules often occur approximately 18 months after surgery. The combined applications of culture, biopsy, NGS are helpful for an early diagnosis. Antifungal therapy with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole is recommended, and the dosage of the immunosuppressant should be adjusted timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suke Xing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mianluan Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Zhang P, Ding J, Li Y, Su Y, Cao X, Chen C, Zhu Y, Jiang G, Shen L. An exploratory analysis of the lung microbiome and immune status in lung transplant recipients. J Infect 2022; 85:e44-e46. [PMID: 35659546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Junrong Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yiliang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xuejie Cao
- Genoxor Medical Science and Technology Inc., Shanghai, 201100, China.
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yuming Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Liu J, Zhang Y. Intratumor microbiome in cancer progression: current developments, challenges and future trends. Biomark Res 2022; 10:37. [PMID: 35642013 PMCID: PMC9153132 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complicated disease attributed to multifactorial changes, which causes difficulties with treatment strategies. Various factors have been regarded as the main contributors, and infectious etiological factors have recently attracted interest. Several microbiomes contribute to carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and modulating cancer treatment by inducing cancerous epithelial cells and chronic inflammation. Most of our knowledge on the role of microbiota in tumor oncogenesis and clinical efficiency is associated with the intestinal microbiome. However, compelling evidence has also confirmed the contribution of the intratumor microbiome in cancer. Indeed, the findings of clinical tumor samples, animal models, and studies in vitro have revealed that many intratumor microbiomes promote tumorigenesis and immune evasion. In addition, the intratumor microbiome participates in regulating the immune response and even affects the outcomes of cancer treatment. This review summarizes the interplay between the intratumor microbiota and cancer, focusing on the contribution and mechanism of intratumor microbiota in cancer initiation, progression, and potential applications to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Tiew PY, Thng KX, Chotirmall SH. Clinical Aspergillus Signatures in COPD and Bronchiectasis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050480. [PMID: 35628736 PMCID: PMC9146266 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary mycoses remain a global threat, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with airways disease, including COPD and bronchiectasis, are at increased risks of pulmonary mycoses and its associated complications. Frequent use of antibiotics and corticosteroids coupled with impaired host defenses predispose patients to fungal colonization and airway persistence, which are associated with negative clinical consequences. Notably, Aspergillus species remain the best-studied fungal pathogen and induce a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in COPD and bronchiectasis ranging from colonization and sensitization to more invasive disease. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has gained prominence in the field of respiratory infection, and in some cases is beginning to act as a viable alternative to traditional culture. NGS has revolutionized our understanding of airway microbiota and in particular fungi. In this context, it permits the identification of the previously unculturable, fungal composition, and dynamic change within microbial communities of the airway, including potential roles in chronic respiratory disease. Furthermore, inter-kingdom microbial interactions, including fungi, in conjunction with host immunity have recently been shown to have important clinical roles in COPD and bronchiectasis. In this review, we provide an overview of clinical Aspergillus signatures in COPD and bronchiectasis and cover the current advances in the understanding of the mycobiome in these disease states. The challenges and limitations of NGS will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yee Tiew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168753, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Kai Xian Thng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Sanjay H. Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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Wang B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Dai T, Qin Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID-19: potential mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 35487886 PMCID: PMC9052735 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently ongoing. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A high proportion of COVID-19 patients exhibit gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. Moreover, the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are the primary habitats of human microbiota and targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection as they express angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) at high levels. There is accumulating evidence that the microbiota are significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota are powerful immunomodulatory factors in various human diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, cancers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and certain viral infections. In the present review, we explore the associations between host microbiota and COVID-19 in terms of their clinical relevance. Microbiota-derived metabolites or components are the main mediators of microbiota-host interactions that influence host immunity. Hence, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which microbiota-derived metabolites or components modulate the host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we review and discuss a variety of possible microbiota-based prophylaxes and therapies for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria. This treatment strategy could modulate host microbiota and mitigate virus-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Tong Dai
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Ziran Qin
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, 325200, Suzhou, PR China.
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Abstract
Infection and rejection are the two most common complications after lung transplantation (LT) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the association between the airway microbiota and infection and rejection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Here, we collected 181 sputum samples (event-free, n = 47; infection, n = 103; rejection, n = 31) from 59 LTRs, and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the airway microbiota. A significantly different airway microbiota was observed among event-free, infection and rejection recipients, including microbial diversity and community composition. Nineteen differential taxa were identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe), with 6 bacterial genera, Actinomyces, Rothia, Abiotrophia, Neisseria, Prevotella, and Leptotrichia enriched in LTRs with rejection. Random forest analyses indicated that the combination of the 6 genera and procalcitonin (PCT) and T-lymphocyte levels showed area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.898, 0.919 and 0.895 to differentiate between event-free and infection recipients, event-free and rejection recipients, and infection and rejection recipients, respectively. In conclusion, our study compared the airway microbiota between LTRs with infection and acute rejection. The airway microbiota, especially combined with PCT and T-lymphocyte levels, showed satisfactory predictive efficiency in discriminating among clinically stable recipients and those with infection and acute rejection, suggesting that the airway microbiota can be a potential indicator to differentiate between infection and acute rejection after LT. IMPORTANCE Survival after LT is limited compared with other solid organ transplantations mainly due to infection- and rejection-related complications. Differentiating infection from rejection is one of the most important challenges to face after LT. Recently, the airway microbiota has been reported to be associated with either infection or rejection of LTRs. However, fewer studies have investigated the relationship between airway microbiota together with infection and rejection of LTRs. Here, we conducted an airway microbial study of LTRs and analyzed the airway microbiota together with infection, acute rejection, and clinically stable recipients. We found different airway microbiota between infection and acute rejection and identify several genera associated with each outcome and constructed a model that incorporates airway microbiota and clinical parameters to predict outcome. This study highlighted that the airway microbiota was a potential indicator to differentiate between infection and acute rejection after LT.
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de Dios Caballero J, Cantón R, Ponce-Alonso M, García-Clemente MM, Gómez G. de la Pedrosa E, López-Campos JL, Máiz L, del Campo R, Martínez-García MÁ. The Human Mycobiome in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Current Situation and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2022; 10:810. [PMID: 35456861 PMCID: PMC9029612 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and asthma. While the role of bacterial pathogens has been extensively studied, the contribution of fungal species to the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases is much less understood. The recent introduction of next-generation sequencing techniques has revealed the existence of complex microbial lung communities in healthy individuals and patients with chronic respiratory disorders, with fungi being an important part of these communities' structure (mycobiome). There is growing evidence that the components of the lung mycobiome influence the clinical course of chronic respiratory diseases, not only by direct pathogenesis but also by interacting with bacterial species and with the host's physiology. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the role of fungi in chronic respiratory diseases, which was obtained by conventional culture and next-generation sequencing, highlighting the limitations of both techniques and exploring future research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Dios Caballero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.d.D.C.); (M.P.-A.); (E.G.G.d.l.P.); (R.d.C.)
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.d.D.C.); (M.P.-A.); (E.G.G.d.l.P.); (R.d.C.)
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ponce-Alonso
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.d.D.C.); (M.P.-A.); (E.G.G.d.l.P.); (R.d.C.)
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta María García-Clemente
- Department of Pneumology, Central Asturias University Hospital, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Principality Asturias Health Research Institute (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez G. de la Pedrosa
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.d.D.C.); (M.P.-A.); (E.G.G.d.l.P.); (R.d.C.)
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Medical-Surgical Unit for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, University of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
| | - Luis Máiz
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.d.D.C.); (M.P.-A.); (E.G.G.d.l.P.); (R.d.C.)
- CIBER of Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-García
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.M.); (M.Á.M.-G.)
- Department of Pneumology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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Gu X, Cheng X, Zhang J, She W. Identification of the Fungal Community in Otomycosis by Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820423. [PMID: 35369424 PMCID: PMC8965282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We used internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing to identify the fungal community in otomycosis patients and to evaluate the treatment effects of bifonazole. Ten patients who visited the Department of Otolaryngology of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine from May 2020 to April 2021 were recruited. Otomycosis patients were treated with bifonazole solution once a day for 14 days. Samples collected from the external auditory canal before and after treatment (Pre-treatment, n = 14 ears; Post-treatment, n = 14 ears) were used for microscopic examination, fungal culture, and ITS sequencing. Samples collected from 10 volunteers (Control, n = 20 ears) were used as controls. The symptoms, including ear itching, aural fullness, otalgia, hearing loss, and physical signs were recorded before treatment as well as on the 7th and 14th days after treatment. Aspergillus was identified as a main pathogenic fungus by microscopic examination, fungal culture, and ITS sequencing. At the genus level, Aspergillus was more abundant in the pre-treatment group than the control and post-treatment groups, and Malassezia was more abundant in the control and post-treatment groups than the pre-treatment group. The fungal species richness and diversity reduced significantly in the pre-treatment group compared with the control and post-treatment groups. The effective rate of bifonazole was 64.29% and 100% on the 7th and 14th days after treatment, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained from morphologic studies and ITS sequencing indicate that Aspergillus is the main pathogenic fungus of otomycosis patients in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Malassezia is the dominant resident fungi in healthy individuals. ITS sequencing provides comprehensive information about fungal community in otomycosis and is helpful in evaluating the efficacy of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Gu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wandong She
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Qu L, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Mu H, Zhang Y. COPD and Gut–Lung Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence COPD and Related Therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:868086. [PMID: 35432269 PMCID: PMC9012580 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains largely unknown. While current management strategies are effective at stabilizing the disease or relief the symptoms, new approaches are required to target underlying disease process and reverse lung function deterioration. Recent research showed that pneumonia bacteria is critical in disease progression and gut microbiome is likely perturbed in COPD, which is usually accompanied by a decreased intestinal microbial diversity and a disturbance in immune system, contributing to a chronic inflammation. The cross-talk between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the “gut-lung axis,” is known to impact immune response and homeostasis in the airway. Although the gut and respiratory microbiota exhibit compositional differences, the gut and lung showed similarities in the origin of epithelia of both gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, the anatomical structure, and early-life microbial colonization. Evidence showed that respiratory infection might be prevented, or at least dampened by regulating gut microbial ecosystem; thus, a promising yet understudied area of COPD management is nutrition-based preventive strategies. COPD patient is often deficient in nutrient such as antioxidant, vitamins, and fiber intake. However, further larger-scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are required to establish the role of these nutrition-based diet in COPD management. In this review, we highlight the important and complex interaction of microbiota and immune response on gut-lung axis. Further research into the modification and improvement of the gut microbiota and new interventions through diet, probiotics, vitamins, and fecal microbiota transplantation is extreme critical to provide new preventive therapies for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Science and Education, Shanghai Putuo District Liqun Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunfeng Zhang,
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Palmieri F, Koutsokera A, Bernasconi E, Junier P, von Garnier C, Ubags N. Recent Advances in Fungal Infections: From Lung Ecology to Therapeutic Strategies With a Focus on Aspergillus spp. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:832510. [PMID: 35386908 PMCID: PMC8977413 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.832510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections are estimated to be the main cause of death for more than 1.5 million people worldwide annually. However, fungal pathogenicity has been largely neglected. This is notably the case for pulmonary fungal infections, which are difficult to diagnose and to treat. We are currently facing a global emergence of antifungal resistance, which decreases the chances of survival for affected patients. New therapeutic approaches are therefore needed to face these life-threatening fungal infections. In this review, we will provide a general overview on respiratory fungal infections, with a focus on fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Next, the immunological and microbiological mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis will be discussed. The role of the respiratory mycobiota and its interactions with the bacterial microbiota on lung fungal infections will be presented from an ecological perspective. Finally, we will focus on existing and future innovative approaches for the treatment of respiratory fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Palmieri
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Fabio Palmieri,
| | - Angela Koutsokera
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bernasconi
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Junier
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Niki Ubags,
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The Immune Mechanisms of Severe Equine Asthma-Current Understanding and What Is Missing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060744. [PMID: 35327141 PMCID: PMC8944511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the leading pandemic facing the world in 2019/2020; it is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which necessitates clear understanding of the infectious agent. The virus manifests aggressive behavior with severe clinical presentation and high mortality rate, especially among the elderly and patients living with chronic diseases. In the recent years, the role of gut microbiota, in health and disease, has been progressively studied and highlighted. It is through gut microbiota-organ bidirectional pathways, such as gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and gut-lung axis, that the role of gut microbiota in prompting lung disease, among other diseases, has been proposed and accepted. It is also known that respiratory viral infections, such as COVID-19, induce alterations in the gut microbiota, which can influence immunity. Based on the fact that gut microbiota diversity is decreased in old age and in patients with certain chronic diseases, which constitute two of the primary fatality groups in COVID-19 infections, it can be assumed that the gut microbiota may play a role in COVID-19 pathology and fatality rate. Improving gut microbiota diversity through personalized nutrition and supplementation with prebiotics/probiotics will mend the immunity of the body and hence could be one of the prophylactic strategies by which the impact of COVID-19 can be minimized in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. In this chapter, the role of dysbiosis in COVID-19 will be clarified and the possibility of using co-supplementation of personalized prebiotics/probiotics with current therapies will be discussed.
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Fromentin M, Ricard JD, Roux D. Lung Microbiome in Critically Ill Patients. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010007. [PMID: 35054400 PMCID: PMC8778861 DOI: 10.3390/life12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The historical hypothesis of sterility of the lungs was invalidated over a decade ago when studies demonstrated the existence of sparse but very diverse bacterial populations in the normal lung and the association between pulmonary dysbiosis and chronic respiratory diseases. Under mechanical ventilation, dysbiosis occurs rapidly with a gradual decline in diversity over time and the progressive predominance of a bacterial pathogen (mainly Proteobacteria) when lung infection occurs. During acute respiratory distress syndrome, an enrichment in bacteria of intestinal origin, mainly Enterobacteriaceae, is observed. However, the role of this dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome is not yet fully understood. The lack of exploration of other microbial populations, viruses (eukaryotes and prokaryotes) and fungi is a key issue. Further analysis of the interaction between these microbial kingdoms and a better understanding of the host−microbiome interaction are necessary to fully elucidate the role of the microbiome in the pathogenicity of acute diseases. The validation of a consensual and robust methodology in order to make the comparison of the different studies relevant is also required. Filling these different gaps should help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies for both acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Fromentin
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France;
- UMR1137 IAME, Université de Paris, INSERM, 75018 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Damien Ricard
- UMR1137 IAME, Université de Paris, INSERM, 75018 Paris, France;
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Damien Roux
- Médecine Intensive Réanimation, AP-HP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, DMU ESPRIT, 92700 Colombes, France
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-47-60-63-29
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Sędzikowska A, Szablewski L. Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Selected Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13440. [PMID: 34948234 PMCID: PMC8708499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of the epithelial surfaces of our body, and the digestive tract, respiratory and urogenital systems, are colonized by a vast number of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, and viruses. These microbiota, particularly those of the intestines, play an important, beneficial role in digestion, metabolism, and the synthesis of vitamins. Their metabolites stimulate cytokine production by the human host, which are used against potential pathogens. The composition of the microbiota is influenced by several internal and external factors, including diet, age, disease, and lifestyle. Such changes, called dysbiosis, may be involved in the development of various conditions, such as metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Hashimoto's thyroidis and Graves' disease; they can also play a role in nervous system disturbances, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression. An association has also been found between gut microbiota dysbiosis and cancer. Our health is closely associated with the state of our microbiota, and their homeostasis. The aim of this review is to describe the associations between human gut microbiota and cancer, and examine the potential role of gut microbiota in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leszek Szablewski
- Chair and Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
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Shankar J. Food Habit Associated Mycobiota Composition and Their Impact on Human Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:773577. [PMID: 34881282 PMCID: PMC8645600 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.773577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobiota is not only associated with healthy homeostasis in the human gut but also helps to adapt to the environment. Food habits, alcohol consumption, intake of probiotics, and contaminated food with a mycotoxin, often lead to the alteration in the mycobiota composition. Impaired immunity of the host may affect fungal symbiosis leading to mycosis. The human gut adapts to the commensalism fungi belonging to the phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Diet habits such as plant-or animal-based, phytoestrogens enriched plant products, fat-rich diets also influence the colonization of certain fungal species in the mammalian gut. Food habits or mycotoxin-contaminated food or fungal peptides have an impact on bacterial-fungal interaction and human health. The mycobiota population such as Fusarium, Humicola, Aspergillus, and Candida are altered due to alcohol intake in alcoholic liver disease. The role of associated gut mycobiota due to irregular bowel habits or lifestyle change has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, it has been observed that Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Candida, and Malassezia were the common genus in the human mycobiota. Therefore, this study focused on how diet habits and alcohol intake, among others., influence mycobiota composition that may affect the human immune system or overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jata Shankar
- Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
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45
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McCort M, MacKenzie E, Pursell K, Pitrak D. Bacterial infections in lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:6654-6672. [PMID: 34992843 PMCID: PMC8662486 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2021-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation has lower survival rates compared to other than other solid organ transplants (SOT) due to higher rates of infection and rejection-related complications, and bacterial infections (BI) are the most frequent infectious complications. Excess morbidity and mortality are not only a direct consequence of these BI, but so are subsequent loss of allograft tolerance, rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction due to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). A wide variety of pathogens can cause infections in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), including a number of nosocomial pathogens and other multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Although pneumonia and intrathoracic infections predominate, LTRs are at risk of a number of types of infections. Risk factors include altered anatomy and function of airways, impaired immunity, the microbial flora of the donor and recipient, underlying medical conditions, and genetic factors. Further work on immune monitoring has the potential to improve outcomes. The infecting agents can be derived from the donor lung, pre-existing recipient flora, or acquired from the environment over time. Certain infections may preclude lung transplantation, but this varies from center to center, and more recent studies suggest fewer patients should be disqualified. New molecular methods allow microbiome studies of the lung, gut, and other sites that may further our knowledge of how airway colonization can result in infection and allograft loss. Surveillance, early diagnosis, and aggressive antimicrobial therapy of BI is critical in LTRs. Antibiotic resistance is a major barrier to successful management of these infections. The availability of new agents for MDR Gram-negatives may improve outcomes. Other new therapies, such as bacteriophage therapy, show promise for the future. Finally, it is important to prevent infections through peri-transplant prophylaxis, vaccination, and infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McCort
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica MacKenzie
- University of Chicago Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth Pursell
- University of Chicago Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Pitrak
- University of Chicago Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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Xiang L, Meng X. Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:577-610. [PMID: 34693852 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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47
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Mishra K, Bukavina L, Ghannoum M. Symbiosis and Dysbiosis of the Human Mycobiome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:636131. [PMID: 34630340 PMCID: PMC8493257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.636131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of microbiological species has gained increased visibility and traction in the medical domain with major revelations about the role of bacteria on symbiosis and dysbiosis. A large reason for these revelations can be attributed to advances in deep-sequencing technologies. However, the research on the role of fungi has lagged. With the continued utilization of sequencing technologies in conjunction with traditional culture assays, we have the opportunity to shed light on the complex interplay between the bacteriome and the mycobiome as they relate to human health. In this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive overview of the human mycobiome in healthy and diseased states in a systematic way. The authors hope that the reader will utilize this review as a scaffolding to formulate their understanding of the mycobiome and pursue further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtishri Mishra
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Laura Bukavina
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Urology Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Center for Medical Mycology, and Integrated Microbiome Core, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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48
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Cruz CS, Ricci MF, Vieira AT. Gut Microbiota Modulation as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Lung Infections. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724033. [PMID: 34557097 PMCID: PMC8453009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and respiratory systems are colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms called the microbiota. These microorganisms co-evolved over millions of years with the host, creating a symbiotic relationship that is fundamental for promoting host homeostasis by producing bioactive metabolites and antimicrobial molecules, and regulating the immune and inflammatory responses. Imbalance in the abundance, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota (known as dysbiosis) have been shown to increase host susceptibility to infections in the lungs, suggesting crosstalk between these organs. This crosstalk is now referred to as the gut-lung axis. Hence, the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for modulation of gut microbiota has been studied based on their effectiveness in reducing the duration and severity of respiratory tract infections, mainly owing to their effects on preventing pathogen colonization and modulating the immune system. This review discusses the role and responses of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the gut-lung axis in the face of lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clênio Silva Cruz
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mayra Fernanda Ricci
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomaz Vieira
- Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation (LMI), Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Chen Q, Qiu Y, Zeng W, Wei X, Zhang J. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the early diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients: five cases report. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:865. [PMID: 34425764 PMCID: PMC8383368 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, talaromycosis is reportedly on the rise in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected patients. However, the misdiagnosis and mistreatment of talaromycosis is more likely in HIV-uninfected patients than in HIV-infected patients because talaromycosis can be easily mistaken for tuberculosis or any other opportunistic infection. Therefore, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a novel gene detection method, for the diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients. Case presentation We report five cases diagnosed as talaromycosis by mNGS in HIV-uninfected patients, which were further confirmed by tissue culture. There were 3 male and 2 female patients. Two patients had a history of rat contact. The misdiagnosis duration ranged from 88 to 245 days. While the results of tissue culture changed from repeated negative to positive, the mNGS result for Talaromyces marneffei was positive earlier in 4 patients. The reads of Talaromyces marneffei in mNGS ranged from 5 to 414. After antifungal therapy, one of the outcomes was death due to the longest duration of misdiagnosis, and the other outcomes were clinical improvement. Conclusions mNGS is perhaps a rapid and effective diagnosis approach for the early confirmation of talaromycosis. Antifungal therapy is recommended once Talaromyces marneffei was revealed by mNGS. mNGS might reduce misdiagnosis duration and improve prognosis. Through these findings, we hope to provide some reference for talaromycosis in HIV-uninfected patients diagnosed early with the help of mNGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Abstract
The appreciation of human microbiome is gaining strong grounds in biomedical research. In addition to gut-brain axis, is the lung-brain axis, which is hypothesised to link pulmonary microbes to neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural changes. There is a need for analysis based on emerging studies to map out the prospects for lung-brain axis. In this review, relevant English literature and researches in the field of 'lung-brain axis' is reported. We recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated with an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units, while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data. The overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. Aetiological paths and experimental recommendations as per prospective studies in this review will be an important guideline to develop effective treatments for any lung induced neurodegenerative diseases. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could help treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. The timely prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases requires paradigm shift of the aetiology and more innovative experimentation.Impact statementThe overall microbiome medicine is gaining more ground. An in-depth knowledge of the bi-directional communication between host and microbiome in the lung could confer treatment to respiratory infections, alleviate stress, anxiety and enhanced neurological effects. Based on this review, we recommend all the highlighted prospective studies to be integrated and be given an interdisciplinary approach. This might require conceptual research approaches based on physiology and pathophysiology. Multimodal aspects should include experimental animal units; while exploring the research gaps and making reference to the already existing human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Lucette Simbilyabo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - John Jabang
- School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Shakeel Ahmed Saleem
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Provinces, China
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