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Feng H, Ge E, Grubic N, Liu X, Zhang H, Sun Q, Wei X, Zhou F, Huang S, Chen Y, Guo H, Li J, Zhang K, Luo M, Chen L. Coarse particulate air pollution and mortality in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174048. [PMID: 38906282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The association between ambient coarse particulate matter (PM2.5-10) and mortality in multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients has not yet been studied. The modifying effects of temperature and humidity on this association are completely unknown. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of long-term PM2.5-10 exposures, and their modifications by temperature and humidity on mortality among MDR-TB patients. METHODS A Chinese cohort of 3469 MDR-TB patients was followed up from diagnosis until death, loss to follow-up, or the study's end, averaging 2567 days per patient. PM2.5-10 concentrations were derived from the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) per 3.74 μg/m3 (interquartile range, IQR) exposure to PM2.5-10 and all-cause mortality for the full cohort and individuals at distinct long-term and short-term temperature and humidity levels, adjusting for other air pollutants and potential covariates. Exposure-response relationships were quantified using smoothed splines. RESULTS Hazard ratios of 1.733 (95% CI, 1.407, 2.135) and 1.427 (1.114, 1.827) were observed for mortality in association with PM2.5-10 exposures for the full cohort under both long-term and short-term exposures to temperature and humidity. Modifying effects by temperature and humidity were heterogenous across sexes, age, treatment history, and surrounding environment measured by greenness and nighttime light levels. Nonlinear exposure-response curves suggestes a cumulative risk of PM2.5-10-related mortality starting from a low exposure concentration around 15 μg/m3. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5-10 poses significant harm among MDR-TB patients, with effects modified by temperature and humidity. Immediate surveillance of PM2.5-10 is crucial to mitigate the progression of MDR-TB severity, particularly due to co-exposures to air pollution and adverse weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Feng
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Erjia Ge
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Grubic
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Spatial Planning and Design, Hangzhou City University, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Division of Clinic Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Fangjing Zhou
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixin Guo
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States.
| | - Ming Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen T, Shi S, Li X, Zhou L, Yu Y, Cai Y, Wang J, Kan H, Xu Y, Huang C, Tan Y, Meng X, Zhao Z. Improved ambient air quality is associated with decreased prevalence of childhood asthma and infancy shortly after weaning is a sensitive exposure window. Allergy 2024; 79:1166-1179. [PMID: 37458141 DOI: 10.1111/all.15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urban ambient air quality has been largely improved in the past decade. It is unknown whether childhood asthma prevalence is still increasing in ever top-ranking city of Shanghai, whether the improved air quality is beneficial for children's asthma and what time window of exposure plays critical roles. METHODS Using a repeat cross-sectional design, we analyzed the association between early life exposure to particles and wheezing/asthma in each individual and combined surveys in 2011 and 2019, respectively, in 11,825 preschool children in Shanghai. RESULTS A significantly lower prevalence of doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA) (6.6% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001) and wheezing (10.5% vs. 23.2%, p < 0.001) was observed in 2019 compared to 2011. Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM2.5-10) and inhalable particles (PM10) was decreased in 2019 by 6.3%, 35.4%, and 44.7% in uterus and 24.3%, 20.2%, and 31.8% in infancy, respectively. Multilevel log-binomial regression analysis showed exposure in infancy had independent association with wheezing/DDA adjusting for exposure in uterus. For each interquartile range (IQR) increase of infancy PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10 exposure, the odds ratios were 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-1.56), 1.51 (95% CI:1.15-1.98) and 1.53 (95% CI:1.27-1.85) for DDA, respectively. The distributed lag non-linear model showed the sensitive exposure window (SEW) was 5.5-11 months after birth. Stratified analysis showed the SEWs were at or shortly after weaning, but only in those with <6 months of exclusive breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS Improved ambient PM benefits in decreasing childhood asthma prevalence. We firstly reported the finding of SEW to PM at or closely after weaning on childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfu Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- Department of General Management and Statistics, Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health IRDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health WMO/IGAC MAP-AQ Asian Office Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Aghaei Y, Aldekheel M, Tohidi R, Badami MM, Farahani VJ, Sioutas C. Development and performance evaluation of online monitors for near real-time measurement of total and water-soluble organic carbon in fine and coarse ambient PM. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2024; 319:120316. [PMID: 38250566 PMCID: PMC10795521 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed two online monitors for total organic carbon (TOC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) measurements in fine (dp < 2.5μm) and coarse (2.5μm < dp < 10μm) particulate matter (PM), respectively. Their performance has been evaluated in laboratory and field tests to demonstrate the feasibility of using these monitors to measure near real-time concentrations, with consideration of their potential for being employed in long-term measurements. The fine PM collection setup was equipped with a versatile aerosol concentration enrichment system (VACES) connected to an aerosol-into-liquid-sampler (AILS), whereas two virtual impactors (VIs) in tandem with a modified BioSampler were used to collect coarse PM. These particle collection setups were in tandem with a Sievers M9 TOC analyzer to read TOC and WSOC concentrations in aqueous samples hourly. The average hourly TOC concentration measured by our developed monitors in fine and coarse PM were 5.17 ± 2.41 and 0.92 ± 0.29 μg/m3, respectively. In addition, our TOC readings showed good agreement and were comparable with those quantified using Sunset Lab EC/OC analyzer operating in parallel as a reference. Furthermore, we conducted field tests to produce diurnal profiles of fine PM-bound WSOC, which can show the effects of ambient temperature on maximum values in the nighttime chemistry of the winter, as well as on increased photochemical activities in afternoon peaks during the summer. According to our experimental campaign, WSOC mean values during the study period (3.07 μg/m3 for the winter and 2.7 μg/m3 for the summer) were in a comparable range with those of earlier studies in Los Angeles. Overall, our results corroborate the performance of our developed monitors in near real-time measurements of TOC and WSOC, which can be employed for future source apportionment studies in Los Angeles and other areas, aiding in understanding the health impacts of different pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Aghaei
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Aldekheel
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Kuwait University, Department of Civil Engineering, P.O Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ramin Tohidi
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Badami
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vahid Jalali Farahani
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- University of Southern California, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Cho SH, Oh WO, Suk M, Park SK. Development and Effectiveness of the School-Based Education Program for Coping With Particulate Matter. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:1016-1028. [PMID: 36948789 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are considered to be vulnerable to particulate matter (PM). This study aims to develop and verify the effectiveness of the "school-based education program for coping with particulate matter (SEPC_PM)." This program was designed by employing the health belief model. METHODS High school students between the ages of 15 and 18 in South Korea participated in the program. This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 113 students participated in the study; of these, 56 students participated in the intervention group, and 57 in the control group. The intervention group received 8 intervention sessions the SEPC_PM over the course of 4 weeks. RESULTS After the completion of the program, the intervention group's knowledge about PM showed a statistically significant increase (t = 4.79, p < .001). The practice of engaging in health-managing behaviors to protect against PM also showed statistically significant improvement in the intervention group, with the greatest progress in practicing precaution when outdoors (t = 2.22, p = .029). No statistically significant changes were observed regarding other dependent variables. However, a subdomain of the variable of perceived self-efficacy for engaging in health-managing behaviors to protect against PM (degree of body cleansing after returning home) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the intervention group (t = 1.99, p = .049). CONCLUSIONS The SEPC_PM may be proposed for incorporation into regular high school curricula to improve students' health by encouraging them to take necessary actions against PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Cho
- Yumkwang Girls' Meditech High School, Wolgye-ro 45-9, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01874, South Korea
| | - Won-Oak Oh
- College of Nursing, Korea University Nursing Research Institute, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Minhyun Suk
- College of Nursing, CHA University, Haeryong-ro 120, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi Province, 11160, South Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Park
- College of Nursing, Korea University Nursing Research Institute, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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Farnan J, Vanden Heuvel JP, Dorman FL, Warner NR, Burgos WD. Toxicity and chemical composition of commercial road palliatives versus oil and gas produced waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122184. [PMID: 37453689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Across the United States, road palliatives are applied to roads for maintenance operations that improve road safety. In the winter, solid rock salts and brine solutions are used to reduce the accumulation of snow and ice, while in the summer, dust suppressants are used to minimize fugitive dust emissions. Many of these products are chloride-based salts that have been linked to freshwater salinization, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and damage to infrastructure. To minimize these impacts, organic products have been gaining attention, though their widespread adoption has been limited due to their higher cost. In some states, using produced water from conventionally drilled oil and gas wells (OGPWs) on roads is permitted as a cost-effective alternative to commercial products, despite its typically elevated concentrations of heavy metals, radioactivity, and organic micropollutants. In this study, 17 road palliatives used for winter and summer road maintenance were collected and their chemical composition and potential human toxicity were characterized. Results from this study demonstrated that liquid brine solutions had elevated levels of trace metals (Zn, Cu, Sr, Li) that could pose risks to human and environmental health. The radium activity of liquid calcium chloride products was comparable to the activity of OGPWs and could be a significant source of radium to the environment. The organic fractions of evaluated OGPWs and chloride-based products posed little risk to human health. However, organic-based dust suppressants regulated toxicity pathways related to xenobiotic metabolism, lipid metabolism, endocrine disruption, and oxidative stress, indicating their use could lead to environmental harm and health risks to operators handing these products and residents living near treated roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Farnan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - John P Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA ,16802, USA; INDIGO Biosciences, Inc., 3006 Research Drive, Suite A1, PA, 16801, USA.
| | - Frank L Dorman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA ,16802, USA.
| | - Nathaniel R Warner
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - William D Burgos
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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Panunzi S, Marchetti P, Stafoggia M, Badaloni C, Caranci N, de Hoogh K, Giorgi Rossi P, Guarda L, Locatelli F, Ottone M, Silocchi C, Ricci P, Marcon A. Residential exposure to air pollution and adverse respiratory and allergic outcomes in children and adolescents living in a chipboard industrial area of Northern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161070. [PMID: 36565877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chipboard production is a source of wood dust, formaldehyde, and combustion-related pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM). In this cohort study, we assessed whether exposures to NO2, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon were associated with adverse respiratory and allergic outcomes among all 7525 people aged 0-21 years residing in the Viadana district, an area in Northern Italy including the largest chipboard industrial park in the country. METHODS Data on hospitalizations, emergency room (ER) admissions, and specialist visits in pneumology, allergology, ophthalmology, and otorhinolaryngology were obtained from the Local Health Unit. Residential air pollution concentrations in 2013 (baseline) were derived using local (Viadana II), national (EPISAT), and continental (ELAPSE) exposure models. Associations were estimated using negative binomial regression models for counts of events occurred during 2013-2017, with follow-up time as an offset term and adjustment for sex, age, nationality, and a census-block socio-economic indicator. RESULTS Median annual exposures to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 were below the European Union annual air quality standards (40, 40, and 25 μg/m3) but above the World Health Organization 2021 air quality guideline levels (10, 15, and 5 μg/m3). Exposures to NO2 and PM2.5 were significantly associated with higher rates of ER pneumology admissions (13 to 30 % higher rates per interquartile range exposure differences, all p < 0.01). Higher rates of allergology and ophthalmology visits were found for participants exposed to higher pollutants' concentrations. When considering the 4-km buffer around the industries, associations with respiratory hospitalizations became significant, and associations with ER pneumology admissions, allergology and ophthalmology visits became stronger. Formaldehyde was not associated with the outcomes considered. CONCLUSION Using administrative indicators of health effects a priori attributable to air pollution, we documented the adverse impact of long-term air pollution exposure in residential areas close to the largest chipboard industries in Italy. These findings, combined with evidence from previous studies, call for an action to improve air quality through preventive measures especially targeting emissions related to the industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Panunzi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Marchetti
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Badaloni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Caranci
- Regional Health and Social Care Agency, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Linda Guarda
- UOC Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute della Val Padana, Mantova, Italy
| | - Francesca Locatelli
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, AUSL - IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Caterina Silocchi
- UOS Salute e Ambiente, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute della Val Padana, Mantova, Italy
| | - Paolo Ricci
- UOC Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute della Val Padana, Mantova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marcon
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
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Park Y, Koo JH, Jeong H, Jung JY, Kim C, Kang DR. Evaluation of an air quality warning system for vulnerable and susceptible individuals in Korea: an interrupted time series analysis. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023020. [PMID: 36791794 PMCID: PMC10581892 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of an air quality warning system (AQWS) implemented in January 2015 in Korea by analyzing changes in the incidence and exacerbation rates of environmental diseases. METHODS Data from patients with environmental diseases were extracted from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort database from 2010 to 2019, and data on environmental risk factors were acquired from the AirKorea database. Patient and meteorological data were linked based on residential area. An interrupted time series analysis with Poisson segmented regression was used to compare the rates before and after AQWS introduction. Adjustment variables included seasonality, air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter, and ozone), temperature, and humidity. RESULTS After AQWS implementation, the incidence of asthma gradually decreased by 20.5%. Cardiovascular disease and stroke incidence also significantly decreased (by 34.3 and 43.0%, respectively). However, no immediate or gradual decrease was identified in the exacerbation rate of any environmental disease after AQWS implementation. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to age, disability, and health insurance coverage type. Overall, the AQWS effectively mitigated the occurrence of most environmental diseases in Korea. However, the relationships between alarm system implementation and reduced incidence differed among diseases based on the characteristics of vulnerable and sensitive individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that by tailoring the AQWS to demographic and sociological characteristics and providing enhanced education about the warning system, interventions can become an efficient policy tool to decrease air pollution- related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- YouHyun Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Koo
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hoyeon Jeong
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- National Health Big Data Clinical Research Institute, Yonsei University Wonju Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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8
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Fan Q, Keene DE, Banegas MP, Gehlert S, Gottlieb LM, Yabroff KR, Pollack CE. Housing Insecurity Among Patients With Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1584-1592. [PMID: 36130291 PMCID: PMC9949594 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Social determinants of health are the economic and environmental conditions under which people are born, live, work, and age that affect health. These structural factors underlie many of the long-standing inequities in cancer care and outcomes that vary by geography, socioeconomic status, and race and ethnicity in the United States. Housing insecurity, including lack of safe, affordable, and stable housing, is a key social determinant of health that can influence-and be influenced by-cancer care across the continuum, from prevention to screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. During 2021, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine sponsored a series of webinars addressing social determinants of health, including food, housing, and transportation insecurity, and their associations with cancer care and patient outcomes. This dissemination commentary summarizes the formal presentations and panel discussions from the webinar devoted to housing insecurity. It provides an overview of housing insecurity and health care across the cancer control continuum, describes health system interventions to minimize the impact of housing insecurity on patients with cancer, and identifies challenges and opportunities for addressing housing insecurity and improving health equity. Systematically identifying and addressing housing insecurity to ensure equitable access to cancer care and reduce health disparities will require ongoing investment at the practice, systems, and broader policy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjin Fan
- Correspondence to: Qinjin Fan, PhD, Surveillance & Health Equity Science Department, American Cancer Society, 3380 Chastain Meadows Pkwy, NW Suite 200, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA (e-mail: )
| | - Danya E Keene
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew P Banegas
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Gehlert
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Gottlieb
- Social Interventions Research and Evaluation Network, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Surveillance & Health Equity Science Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Craig E Pollack
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couetil LL, Burgess J, Park JH, Mukhopadhyay A. Effects of low-dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytology, and plasma omega-3 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses: A randomized clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 37:338-348. [PMID: 36478588 PMCID: PMC9889630 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racehorses commonly develop evidence of mild asthma in response to dust exposure. Diets deficient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) might exacerbate this response. HYPOTHESIS To compare dust exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and plasma Ω-3 and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) concentrations amongst racehorses fed dry hay, steamed hay, and haylage. ANIMALS Forty-three Thoroughbred racehorses. METHODS Prospective clinical trial. Horses were randomly assigned to be fed dry hay, steamed hay, or haylage for 6 weeks. Measures of exposure to dust in the breathing zone were obtained twice. At baseline, week-3, and week-6, BALF cytology was examined. Plasma lipid profiles and plasma SPM concentrations were examined at baseline and week 6. Generalized linear mixed models examined the effect of forage upon dust exposure, BALF cytology, Ω-3, and SPM concentrations. RESULTS Respirable dust was significantly higher for horses fed hay (least-square mean ± s.e.m. 0.081 ± 0.007 mg/m3 ) when compared with steamed hay (0.056 ± 0.005 mg/m3 , P = .01) or haylage (0.053 ± 0.005 mg/m3 , P < .01). At week 6, BALF neutrophil proportions in horses eating haylage (3.0% ± 0.6%) were significantly lower compared with baseline (5.1 ± 0.7, P = .04) and horses eating hay (6.3% ± 0.8%, P < .01). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratios were higher in horses eating haylage for 6 weeks (0.51 ± 0.07) when compared with baseline (0.34 ± 0.05, P < .01) and horses eating steamed (0.24 ± 0.02, P < .01) or dry hay (0.25 ± 0.03, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Steamed hay and haylage reduce dust exposure compared with dry hay, but only haylage increased the ratio of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory lipids while reducing BAL neutrophil proportions within 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Olave
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Ivester
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Laurent L. Couetil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - John Burgess
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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10
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Korsiak J, Lavigne E, You H, Pollitt K, Kulka R, Hatzopoulou M, Evans G, Burnett RT, Weichenthal S. Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Hospitalizations: Effect Modification by Particle Constituents and Oxidative Potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1370-1378. [PMID: 35802828 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202205-0896oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Outdoor particulate and gaseous air pollutants impair respiratory health in children, and these associations may be influenced by particle composition. Objectives: To examine whether associations between short-term variations in fine particulate air pollution, oxidant gases, and respiratory hospitalizations in children are modified by particle constituents (metals and sulfur) or oxidative potential. Methods: We conducted a case-crossover study of 10,500 children (0-17 years of age) across Canada. Daily fine particle mass concentrations and oxidant gases (nitrogen dioxide and ozone) were collected from ground monitors. Monthly estimates of fine particle constituents (metals and sulfur) and oxidative potential were also measured. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between air pollutants and respiratory hospitalizations, above and below median values for particle constituents and oxidative potential. Measurements and Main Results: Lag-1 fine particulate matter mass concentrations were not associated with respiratory hospitalizations (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter: 1.004 [0.955-1.056]) in analyses ignoring particle constituents and oxidative potential. However, when models were examined above or below median metals, sulfur, and oxidative potential, positive associations were observed above the median. For example, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval per 10 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter were 1.084 (1.007-1.167) when copper was above the median and 0.970 (0.929-1.014) when copper was below the median. Similar trends were observed for oxidant gases. Conclusions: Stronger associations were observed between outdoor fine particles, oxidant gases, and respiratory hospitalizations in children when metals, sulfur, and particle oxidative potential were elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Korsiak
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongyu You
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krystal Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Ryan Kulka
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Greg Evans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, and
| | | | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Spatiotemporal Exposure Prediction with Penalized Regression. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL, BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13253-022-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Namjou B, Lape M, Malolepsza E, DeVore SB, Weirauch MT, Dikilitas O, Jarvik GP, Kiryluk K, Kullo IJ, Liu C, Luo Y, Satterfield BA, Smoller JW, Walunas TL, Connolly J, Sleiman P, Mersha TB, Mentch FD, Hakonarson H, Prows CA, Biagini JM, Khurana Hershey GK, Martin LJ, Kottyan L. Multiancestral polygenic risk score for pediatric asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1086-1096. [PMID: 35595084 PMCID: PMC9643615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic condition in children and the third leading cause of hospitalization in pediatrics. The genome-wide association study catalog reports 140 studies with genome-wide significance. A polygenic risk score (PRS) with predictive value across ancestries has not been evaluated for this important trait. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to train and validate a PRS relying on genetic determinants for asthma to provide predictions for disease occurrence in pediatric cohorts of diverse ancestries. METHODS This study applied a Bayesian regression framework method using the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium genome-wide association study summary statistics to derive a multiancestral PRS score, used one Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) cohort as a training set, used a second independent eMERGE cohort to validate the score, and used the UK Biobank data to replicate the findings. A phenome-wide association study was performed using the PRS to identify shared genetic etiology with other phenotypes. RESULTS The multiancestral asthma PRS was associated with asthma in the 2 pediatric validation datasets. Overall, the multiancestral asthma PRS has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.69-0.72) in the pediatric validation 1 and AUC of 0.66 (0.65-0.66) in the pediatric validation 2 datasets. We found significant discrimination across pediatric subcohorts of European (AUC, 95% CI, 0.60 and 0.66), African (AUC, 95% CI, 0.61 and 0.66), admixed American (AUC, 0.64 and 0.70), Southeast Asian (AUC, 0.65), and East Asian (AUC, 0.73) ancestry. Pediatric participants with the top 5% PRS had 2.80 to 5.82 increased odds of asthma compared to the bottom 5% across the training, validation 1, and validation 2 cohorts when adjusted for ancestry. Phenome-wide association study analysis confirmed the strong association of the identified PRS with asthma (odds ratio, 2.71, PFDR = 3.71 × 10-65) and related phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS A multiancestral PRS for asthma based on Bayesian posterior genomic effect sizes identifies increased odds of pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Michael Lape
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Edyta Malolepsza
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Stanley B. DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Gail P. Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | | | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Theresa L. Walunas
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - John Connolly
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Tesfaye B. Mersha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Cynthia A. Prows
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Patient Services, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Jocelyn M. Biagini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Leah Kottyan
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - The eMERGE Network
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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13
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Connor EM, Zablotsky B. The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010-2015. J Asthma 2022; 59:2069-2080. [PMID: 34587862 PMCID: PMC9148369 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1988105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current population-based study examines the association between county-level ambient air pollution and childhood asthma. METHODS Data from the nationally representative 2010-2015 National Health Interview Survey were linked to nationwide fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution data at the county-level from the National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network which utilizes air quality monitoring stations and modeled PM2.5 measurements (Downscaler model data) and adjusted by county-level socioeconomic characteristics data from the 2010-2015 American Community Survey. Multilevel modeling techniques were used to assess the association between PM2.5 annual concentrations (quartiles < 8.11, 8.11-9.50, 9.51-10.59, ≥ 10.60 µg/m3) and current childhood asthma along with two asthma outcomes (episode in the past year, emergency room (ER) visit due to asthma). RESULTS From 2010 to 2015, there were significant declines in PM2.5 concentrations and asthma outcomes. In unadjusted models, children living in areas with higher PM2.5 concentrations were more likely to have current asthma, ≥1 asthma episode in the past year, and ≥1 ER visit due to asthma compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile (< 8.11 µg/m3). After adjusting for characteristics at the county, geographic, and child and family-level, significant associations remained for asthma episode, and ER visit among children living in areas with PM2.5 annual concentrations between 9.51 and 10.59 µg/m3 (3rd quartile) compared with children living in areas with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the limited literature by incorporating nationally representative county-, child-, and family-level data to provide a multi-level analysis of the associations between air pollution and childhood asthma in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Connor
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Zablotsky
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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14
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Mortelliti CL, Banzon TM, Phipatanakul W, Vieira CZ. Environmental Exposures Impact Pediatric Asthma Within the School Environment. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2022; 42:743-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Skuland T, Grytting VS, Låg M, Jørgensen RB, Snilsberg B, Leseman DLAC, Kubátová A, Emond J, Cassee FR, Holme JA, Øvrevik J, Refsnes M. Road tunnel-derived coarse, fine and ultrafine particulate matter: physical and chemical characterization and pro-inflammatory responses in human bronchial epithelial cells. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:45. [PMID: 35787286 PMCID: PMC9251916 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of particles from fuel combustion and wear of road pavement, tires and brakes. In countries with low winter temperatures the relative contribution of mineral-rich PM from road abrasion may be especially high due to use of studded tires during winter season. The aim of the present study was to sample and characterize size-fractioned PM from two road tunnels paved with different stone materials in the asphalt, and to compare the pro-inflammatory potential of these fractions in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT) in relation to physicochemical characteristics. METHODS The road tunnel PM was collected with a vacuum pump and a high-volume cascade impactor sampler. PM was sampled during winter, both during humid and dry road surface conditions, and before and after cleaning the tunnels. Samples were analysed for hydrodynamic size distribution, content of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC) and endotoxin, and the capacity for acellular generation of reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses were assessed in HBEC3-KT cells after exposure to coarse (2.5-10 μm), fine (0.18-2.5 μm) and ultrafine PM (≤ 0.18 μm), as well as particles from the respective stone materials used in the pavement. RESULTS The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm2) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The pro-inflammatory potential of fine road tunnel PM sampled during winter season was high compared to coarse PM. The differences between the PM-induced cytokine responses were not related to stone materials in the asphalt. However, the ratio of OC to total PM mass was associated with the pro-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Skuland
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikke Bræmming Jørgensen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Daan L A C Leseman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jessica Emond
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment - RIVM, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, 0316, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Department of Air Quality and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, 0213, Skøyen, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Grant TL, Wood RA. The influence of urban exposures and residence on childhood asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13784. [PMID: 35616896 PMCID: PMC9288815 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Children with asthma who live in urban neighborhoods experience a disproportionately high asthma burden, with increased incident asthma and increased asthma symptoms, exacerbations, and acute visits and hospitalizations for asthma. There are multiple urban exposures that contribute to pediatric asthma morbidity, including exposure to pest allergens, mold, endotoxin, and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Children living in urban neighborhoods also experience inequities in social determinants of health, such as increased poverty, substandard housing quality, increased rates of obesity, and increased chronic stress. These disparities then in turn can increase the risk of urban exposures and compound asthma morbidity as poor housing repair is a risk factor for pest infestation and mold exposure and poverty is a risk factor for exposure to air pollution. Environmental interventions to reduce in-home allergen concentrations have yielded inconsistent results. Population-level interventions including smoking bans in public places and legislation to decrease traffic-related air pollution have been successful at reducing asthma morbidity and improving lung function growth. Given the interface and synergy between urban exposures and social determinants of health, it is likely population and community-level changes will be needed to decrease the excess asthma burden in children living in urban neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torie L Grant
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A Wood
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Liang L, Cai Y, Lyu B, Zhang D, Chu S, Jing H, Rahimi K, Tong Z. Air pollution and hospitalization of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Beijing: a time-series study. Respir Res 2022; 23:81. [PMID: 35382829 PMCID: PMC8985349 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A small number of studies suggested that air pollution was associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) exacerbation, incidence and mortality. However, no studies to date were conducted in regions where air pollution is substantial. We aimed to investigate whether there are associations between acute increases in air pollution and hospitalization of patients with a confirmed primary diagnosis of IPF in Beijing. Methods Daily count of IPF hospitalizations (International Classification of Disease-10th Revision, J84.1) was obtained from an administrative database for 2013–2017 while daily city-wide average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, Ozone, SO2 were obtained from 35 municipal monitoring stations for the same period. The association between daily IPF hospitalization and average concentration of each pollutant was analyzed with a generalized additive model estimating Poisson distribution. Results Daily 24-h mean PM2.5 concentration during 2013–2017 was 76.7 μg/m3. The relative risk (RR) of IPF hospitalization per interquartile range (IQR) higher (72 μg/m3) in PM2.5 was 1.049 (95% CI 1.024–1.074) and 1.031 (95% CI 1.007–1.056) for lag0 and moving averages 0–1 days respectively. No significant associations were observed for other lags. Statistically significant positive associations were also observed at lag0 with SO2, Ozone and NO2 (in men only). Positive associations were seen at moving averages 0–30 days for PM10 (RR per 86 μg/m3: 1.021, 95% CI 0.994–1.049), NO2 (RR per 30 μg/m3: 1.029, 95% CI 0.999–1.060), and SO2 (RR per 15 μg/m3: 1.060 (95% CI 1.025–1.097), but not with PM2.5 or Ozone. Conclusions Despite improvement in air quality since the implementation of clean air policy in 2013, acute exposure to higher levels of air pollution is significantly associated with IPF hospitalization in Beijing. Air quality policy should be continuously enforced to protect vulnerable IPF populations as well as the general public. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01998-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Cai
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Baolei Lyu
- Huayun Sounding Meteorology Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilian Chu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Jing
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazem Rahimi
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Tobacco Dependence Treatment Research, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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18
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Nematollahi MJ, Zarei F, Keshavarzi B, Zarei M, Moore F, Busquets R, Kelly FJ. Microplastic occurrence in settled indoor dust in schools. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150984. [PMID: 34656573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines for the first time the characteristics and human exposure of microplastics (MPs) in settled indoor dust in schools. An average of 195 MPs·g-1 of dust were detected in settled indoor composite dust samples from 28 schools in Shiraz. White-transparent microfibres with lengths 500-1000 μm were the most abundant type of MP found among the samples examined. Polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene MPs were dominant across all types of MP found including microfibres. MPs had generally smooth morphology with sharp or regular edges which could have been released to the environment as primary MPs. Among all sampling sites, higher concentrations of MPs were found in the south and centre of the city. These were areas affected by high population density, high traffic load and high presence of industrial units and workshops. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a positive strong correlation between sampling sites and MP physical characteristics. The PCA plots revealed that MP sheets and fragments were prevalent in sites in the North of Shiraz, whereas microfibres were mainly associated with sites in the South. The levels of MPs in the South of Shiraz were greater than in the rest of the country and the wind direction and topography were found to be important factors affecting the MP distribution observed. Compared to other population groups, elementary school students had relatively high exposure risk to MPs. This study reveals that microfibres are widespread in Shiraz' schools and pose a high exposure risk to MPs for young students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Zarei
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71454 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rosa Busquets
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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19
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English N, Zhao C, Brown KL, Catlett C, Cagney K. Making Sense of Sensor Data: How Local Environmental Conditions Add Value to Social Science Research. SOCIAL SCIENCE COMPUTER REVIEW 2022; 40:179-194. [PMID: 35400811 PMCID: PMC8991303 DOI: 10.1177/0894439320920601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in computing technologies have enabled the development of low-cost, compact weather and air quality monitors. The U.S. federally funded Array of Things (AoT) project has deployed more than 140 such sensor nodes throughout the City of Chicago. This paper combines a year's worth of AoT sensor data with household data collected from 450 elderly Chicagoans in order to explore the feasibility of using previously unavailable data on local environmental conditions to improve traditional neighborhood research. Specifically, we pilot the use of AoT sensor data to overcome limitations in research linking air pollution to poor physical and mental health and find support for recent findings that exposure to pollutants contributes to both respiratory and dementia-related diseases. We expect that this support will become even stronger as sensing technologies continue to improve and more AoT nodes come online, enabling additional applications to social science research where environmental context matters.
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Sayed S, Diwadkar AR, Dudley JW, O'Brien J, Dvorin D, Kenyon CC, Himes BE, Hill DA, Henrickson SE. COVID-19 Pandemic–Related Reductions in Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations Corresponded with an Overall Decrease in Respiratory Viral Infections. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY: IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:91-99.e12. [PMID: 34785388 PMCID: PMC8590625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Respiratory viruses, air pollutants, and aeroallergens are all implicated in worsening pediatric asthma symptoms, but their relative contributions to asthma exacerbations are poorly understood. A significant decrease in asthma exacerbations has been observed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, providing a unique opportunity to study how major asthma triggers correlate with asthma activity. Objective To determine whether changes in respiratory viruses, air pollutants, and/or aeroallergens during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic were concomitant with decreased asthma exacerbations. Methods Health care utilization and respiratory viral testing data between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, were extracted from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Care Network’s electronic health record. Air pollution and allergen data were extracted from US Environmental Protection Agency public databases and a National Allergy Bureau–certified station, respectively. Pandemic data (2020) were compared with historical data. Results Recovery of in-person asthma encounters during phased reopening (June 6 to November 15, 2020) was uneven: primary care well and specialty encounters reached 94% and 74% of prepandemic levels, respectively, whereas primary care sick and hospital encounters reached 21% and 40% of prepandemic levels, respectively. During the pandemic, influenza A and influenza B decreased to negligible frequency when compared with prepandemic cases, whereas respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections decreased to low (though nonnegligible) prepandemic levels, as well. No changes in air pollution or aeroallergen levels relative to historical observations were noted. Conclusions Our results suggest that viral respiratory infections are a primary driver of pediatric asthma exacerbations. These findings have broad relevance to both clinical practice and the development of health policies aimed at reducing asthma morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Sayed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jesse W Dudley
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | | | | | - Chén C Kenyon
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
| | - Sarah E Henrickson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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21
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Bozigar M, Lawson AB, Pearce JL, Svendsen ER, Vena JE. Using Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover models to examine associations between air pollution and "asthma seasons" in a low air pollution environment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260264. [PMID: 34879071 PMCID: PMC8654232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many areas of the United States have air pollution levels typically below Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory limits. Most health effects studies of air pollution use meteorological (e.g., warm/cool) or astronomical (e.g., solstice/equinox) definitions of seasons despite evidence suggesting temporally-misaligned intra-annual periods of relative asthma burden (i.e., “asthma seasons”). We introduce asthma seasons to elucidate whether air pollutants are associated with seasonal differences in asthma emergency department (ED) visits in a low air pollution environment. Within a Bayesian time-stratified case-crossover framework, we quantify seasonal associations between highly resolved estimates of six criteria air pollutants, two weather variables, and asthma ED visits among 66,092 children ages 5–19 living in South Carolina (SC) census tracts from 2005 to 2014. Results show that coarse particulates (particulate matter <10 μm and >2.5 μm: PM10-2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) may contribute to asthma ED visits across years, but are particularly implicated in the highest-burden fall asthma season. Fine particulate matter (<2.5 μm: PM2.5) is only associated in the lowest-burden summer asthma season. Relatively cool and dry conditions in the summer asthma season and increased temperatures in the spring and fall asthma seasons are associated with increased ED visit odds. Few significant associations in the medium-burden winter and medium-high-burden spring asthma seasons suggest other ED visit drivers (e.g., viral infections) for each, respectively. Across rural and urban areas characterized by generally low air pollution levels, there are acute health effects associated with particulate matter, but only in the summer and fall asthma seasons and differing by PM size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bozigar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew B. Lawson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John L. Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Erik R. Svendsen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John E. Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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22
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Riederer AM, Krenz JE, Tchong-French MI, Torres E, Perez A, Younglove LR, Jansen KL, Hardie DC, Farquhar SA, Sampson PD, Metwali N, Thorne PS, Karr CJ. Effectiveness of portable HEPA air cleaners on reducing indoor endotoxin, PM 10, and coarse particulate matter in an agricultural cohort of children with asthma: A randomized intervention trial. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1926-1939. [PMID: 34288127 PMCID: PMC8577577 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized trial of portable HEPA air cleaners in the homes of children age 6-12 years with asthma in the Yakima Valley, Washington. All families received asthma education while intervention families also received two HEPA cleaners (child's bedroom, living room). We collected 14-day integrated samples of endotoxin in settled dust and PM10 and PM10-2.5 in the air of the children's bedrooms at baseline and one-year follow-up, and used linear regression to compare follow-up levels, adjusting for baseline. Seventy-one families (36 HEPA, 35 control) completed the study. Baseline geometric mean (GSD) endotoxin loadings were 1565 (6.3) EU/m2 and 2110 (4.9) EU/m2 , respectively, in HEPA vs. control homes while PM10 and PM10-2.5 were 22.5 (1.9) μg/m3 and 9.5 (2.9) μg/m3 , respectively, in HEPA homes, and 19.8 (1.8) μg/m3 and 7.7 (2.0) μg/m3 , respectively, in control homes. At follow-up, HEPA families had 46% lower (95% CI, 31%-57%) PM10 on average than control families, consistent with prior studies. In the best-fit heterogeneous slopes model, HEPA families had 49% (95% CI, 6%-110%) and 89% lower (95% CI, 28%-177%) PM10-2.5 at follow-up, respectively, at 50th and 75th percentile baseline concentrations. Endotoxin loadings did not differ significantly at follow-up (4% lower, HEPA homes; 95% CI, -87% to 50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Krenz
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria I. Tchong-French
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Northwest Communities Education Center, Radio KDNA, Granger, WA, USA
| | - Adriana Perez
- Yakima Valley Farm Workers Clinic, Toppenish, WA, USA
| | - Lisa R. Younglove
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L. Jansen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David C. Hardie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Farquhar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D. Sampson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter S. Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Yu Z, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Feng F, Ma B, Jiao H, Zhou J. A study on the short-term effect of particulate matter pollution on hospital visits for asthma in children in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:4123-4138. [PMID: 33774778 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, particulate matter pollution has been worsening, which has been affecting the asthma visits in children. In this study, we assessed the short-term effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on asthma visits in children in Shanghai, China from January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010, using a generalized additive model. We controlled the confounding factors, such as long-term trends, week day effect, and weather elements. The lag effects of different age subgroups (≤ 2 yr, 3-5 yr, and 6-18 yr subgroups) were performed. The results showed significant effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on asthma visits in children, though the seasonal lags varied for the three age subgroups. In general, the effect of PM2.5 on asthma visits in children was stronger and more acute than that of PM10. PM2.5 showed the highest relative risk of 1.192 at lag 0 day in summer; and PM10 showed the highest relative risk of 1.073 at lag 3 day in autumn. Overall, particulate matter pollution showed a greater effect on relatively younger children. In particular, the ≤ 2 yr subgroup showed the highest seasonal relative risk of PM10. Especially, seasonal relative risk of PM10 in autumn for the ≤ 2 yr subgroup was much higher than that for the other two subgroups. The 3-5 yr and 6-18 yr subgroups showed the highest seasonal relative risk of PM2.5 in summer and winter, respectively. But the pediatric visits data we obtained cannot reflect the true prevalence of asthma and multiple visits. Thus, selection bias may exist in our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Yu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bowen Cheng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fengliu Feng
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingji Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200030, China
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Lee DW, Han CW, Hong YC, Oh JM, Bae HJ, Kim S, Lim YH. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and incident asthma among elderly adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129619. [PMID: 33465612 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although an association of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with asthma incidence has been assumed, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on incident asthma among elderly adults. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident asthma among elderly adults in South Korea. METHODS Adults ≥65 years of age (n = 1,220,645) who did not visit hospitals for asthma during a washout period (between 2008 and 2010) were followed up until 2016 using data from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. Incident asthma was defined as the number of patients with a primary diagnostic code of asthma who visited hospitals more than twice. We linked the health data with district-level PM2.5 concentrations and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident asthma after adjusting for potential confounders in time-varying Cox proportional hazard models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Over 5,942,256 person-years, 54,522 patients developed asthma, with an incidence of 9.2 cases/1000 person-years. A 10 μg/m3 increase in the 36-month mean PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated with a 9% increase in incident asthma (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). This association was found to be robust for different definitions of incident asthma and washout periods. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with the incidence of asthma in elderly adults. This finding provides evidence of an association between PM2.5 and adult-onset asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Environmental Health Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Bae
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontae Kim
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Asthma and air pollution: recent insights in pathogenesis and clinical implications. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 26:10-19. [PMID: 31724961 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Air pollution has adverse effects on the onset and morbidity of respiratory diseases, including asthma. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the effects of air pollution on the incidence and exacerbation of asthma. We focus on epidemiological studies that describe the association between air pollution exposure and development, mortality, persistence and exacerbations of asthma among different age groups. Moreover, we also provide an update on translational studies describing the mechanisms behind this association. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms linking air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone to the development and exacerbation of asthma include the induction of both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation driven by stimulation of airway epithelium and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress and DNA methylation changes. Although exposure during foetal development is often reported as a crucial timeframe, exposure to air pollution is detrimental in people of all ages, thus influencing asthma onset as well as increase in asthma prevalence, mortality, persistence and exacerbation. SUMMARY In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of reducing air pollution levels to avert the progressive increase in asthma incidence and morbidity.
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26
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Prevalence and Correlates of Food Allergy Among Medicaid-Enrolled United States Children. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:84-92. [PMID: 32200110 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive epidemiological profile detailing food allergy (FA) prevalence and related correlates among Medicaid-enrolled children. METHODS The 2012 Medicaid Analytic eXtract person-level 100% files for 50 states and the District of Columbia were analyzed. The analytic sample of 23,825,160 included all children ages 0 to 19 years as of January 1, 2012 who were continuously enrolled in Medicaid in 2012. The prevalence of FA was measured using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and compared with other atopic conditions (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma). Logistic regression was used to evaluate child characteristics associated with FA. RESULTS The prevalence of FA among Medicaid-enrolled children was less than 1% (0.6%). State-level prevalence ranged from a high of 1.4% in Alaska to a low of 0.2% in Nevada. Race and ethnicity were associated with FA such that Asian, Black, and Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian children had a higher odds of FA, while Hispanic and Native American children had 15% and 24% lower odds of FA, respectively, compared with White children. CONCLUSIONS Compared with estimates of parent-reported, physician-diagnosed FA in the general population, the claims-based prevalence of FA among Medicaid-enrolled children is substantially lower. Racial and ethnic differences are consistent with the general population. The findings signal a need to better understand reasons for these differences including awareness, access to care, and service utilization patterns in this population.
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27
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Sarovar V, Malig BJ, Basu R. A case-crossover study of short-term air pollution exposure and the risk of stillbirth in California, 1999-2009. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110103. [PMID: 32846172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between ambient air pollution and stillbirth have recently been explored, but most studies have focused on long-term (trimester or gestational averages) rather than short-term (within one week) air pollution exposures. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether short-term exposures to criteria air pollutants are associated with increased risk of stillbirth. METHODS Using air pollution and fetal death certificate data from 1999 to 2009, we assessed associations between acute prenatal air pollution exposure and stillbirth in California. In a time-stratified case-crossover study, we analyzed single day and/or cumulative average days (up to a 6 day lag) of exposure to fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10-2.5), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) for mothers estimated to reside within 10 km of a pollution monitor based on reported zip code. We also examined potential confounding by apparent temperature or co-pollutants, and effect modification by maternal demographic factors, fetal sex, gestational age, and cause of stillbirth. RESULTS Stillbirth cases in the primary analyses ranged between 1,203 and 13,018, depending on the pollutant. For an IQR increase in SO2 (lag 4), O3 (lag 4), and PM10-2.5 (lag 2), we found a 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2%, 5.5%), 5.8% (95% CI 1.6%, 10.1%), and 6.1% (95% CI 0.1%, 12.4%) increase in the odds of stillbirth, respectively. Additional adjustment by apparent temperature had little effect on the SO2 association but slightly attenuated O3 (adjusted % change: 4.2% (95% CI -0.2%, 8.9%) and PM10-2.5 (5.7% (95% CI -1.1%, 13.0%)) associations, while other co-pollutants had minimal impact. Associations were observed specifically for stillbirths from obstetric complications and in women with higher educational attainment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for associations between prenatal short-term air pollution exposure, specifically SO2, O3, and PM10-2.5, and stillbirth in California and warrants replication of findings in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varada Sarovar
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brian J Malig
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Rupa Basu
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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Saini J, Dutta M, Marques G. Indoor air quality prediction using optimizers: A comparative study. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) has become a serious concern for developing countries around the world. As human beings spend most of their time indoors, pollution exposure causes a significant impact on their health and well-being. Long term exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the risk of chronic health issues such as respiratory disease, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease. In India, around 200 million people use fuel for cooking and heating needs; out of which 0.4% use biogas; 0.1% electricity; 1.5% lignite, coal or charcoal; 2.9% kerosene; 8.9% cow dung cake; 28.6% liquified petroleum gas and 49% use firewood. Almost 70% of the Indian population lives in rural areas, and 80% of those households rely on biomass fuels for routine needs. With 1.3 million deaths per year, poor air quality is the second largest killer in India. Forecasting of indoor air quality (IAQ) can guide building occupants to take prompt actions for ventilation and management on useful time. This paper proposes prediction of IAQ using Keras optimizers and compares their prediction performance. The model is trained using real-time data collected from a cafeteria in the Chandigarh city using IoT sensor network. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a comparative study on the implementation of seven Keras Optimizers for IAQ prediction. The results show that SGD optimizer outperforms other optimizers to ensure adequate and reliable predictions with mean square error = 0.19, mean absolute error = 0.34, root mean square error = 0.43, R2 score = 0.999555, mean absolute percentage error = 1.21665%, and accuracy = 98.87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagriti Saini
- National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maitreyee Dutta
- National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gonçalo Marques
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Technology and Management School of Oliveira do Hospital, Rua General Santos Costa, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
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Gaston E, Woo M, Steele C, Sukumaran S, Anderson S. Microplastics Differ Between Indoor and Outdoor Air Masses: Insights from Multiple Microscopy Methodologies. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1079-1098. [PMID: 32233850 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820920652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and distribution of microplastic (<5 mm) has become a growing concern, particularly over the past decade. Research to date has focused on water, soil, and organism matrices but generally disregarded air. We explored airborne microplastic inside and outside of buildings in coastal California by filtering known volumes of air through glass fiber filters, which were then subsequently characterized with a variety of microscopy techniques: gross traditional microscopy, fluorescent microscopy following staining with Nile red, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and micro-Fourier transform infrared (µFT-IR) spectroscopy. Microplastics permeated the air, with indoor (3.3 ± 2.9 fibers and 12.6 ± 8.0 fragments m-3; mean ± 1 SD) harboring twice as much as outdoor air (0.6 ± 0.6 fibers and 5.6 ± 3.2 fragments m-3). Microplastic fiber length did not differ significantly between indoor and outdoor air, but indoor microplastic fragments (58.6 ± 55 µm) were half the size of outdoor fragments (104.8 ± 64.9 µm). Micro-Raman and FT-IR painted slightly different pictures of airborne plastic compounds, with micro-Raman suggesting polyvinyl chloride dominates indoor air, followed by polyethylene (PE) and µFT-IR showing polystyrene dominates followed by PE and polyethylene terephthalate. The ubiquity of airborne microplastic points to significant new potential sources of plastic inputs to terrestrial and marine ecosystems and raises significant concerns about inhalation exposure to humans both indoors and outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gaston
- Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, 14703California State University Channel Islands, California, USA
| | - Mary Woo
- Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, 14703California State University Channel Islands, California, USA
| | - Clare Steele
- Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, 14703California State University Channel Islands, California, USA
| | | | - Sean Anderson
- Environmental Science and Resource Management Program, 14703California State University Channel Islands, California, USA
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30
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Taquechel K, Diwadkar AR, Sayed S, Dudley JW, Grundmeier RW, Kenyon CC, Henrickson SE, Himes BE, Hill DA. Pediatric Asthma Health Care Utilization, Viral Testing, and Air Pollution Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:3378-3387.e11. [PMID: 32827728 PMCID: PMC7438361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused dramatic changes in daily routines and health care utilization and delivery patterns in the United States. Understanding the influence of these changes and associated public health interventions on asthma care is important to determine effects on patient outcomes and identify measures that will ensure optimal future health care delivery. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify changes in pediatric asthma-related health care utilization, respiratory viral testing, and air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS For the time period January 17 to May 17, 2015 to 2020, asthma-related encounters and weekly summaries of respiratory viral testing data were extracted from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia electronic health records, and pollution data for 4 criteria air pollutants were extracted from AirNow. Changes in encounter characteristics, viral testing patterns, and air pollution before and after Mar 17, 2020, the date public health interventions to limit viral transmission were enacted in Philadelphia, were assessed and compared with data from 2015 to 2019 as a historical reference. RESULTS After March 17, 2020, in-person asthma encounters decreased by 87% (outpatient) and 84% (emergency + inpatient). Video telemedicine, which was not previously available, became the most highly used asthma encounter modality (61% of all visits), and telephone encounters increased by 19%. Concurrently, asthma-related systemic steroid prescriptions and frequency of rhinovirus test positivity decreased, although air pollution levels did not substantially change, compared with historical trends. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia was accompanied by changes in pediatric asthma health care delivery patterns, including reduced admissions and systemic steroid prescriptions. Reduced rhinovirus infections may have contributed to these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiara Taquechel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Avantika R Diwadkar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Samir Sayed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Jesse W Dudley
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Robert W Grundmeier
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Chén C Kenyon
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness and PolicyLab, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Sarah E Henrickson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
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Wang X, Tian J, Li Z, Lai J, Huang X, He Y, Ye Z, Li G. Relationship between different particle size fractions and all-cause and cause-specific emergency ambulance dispatches. Environ Health 2020; 19:69. [PMID: 32552755 PMCID: PMC7301562 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the relationship between different particle size fractions and emergency ambulance dispatches (EAD) remains limited and sparse. METHODS We collected daily data of EAD, ambient air pollution and meteorological data from 2014 to 2018 in Guangzhou, China. We used a generalized additive model with covariate adjustments to estimate the associations between different particle size fractions and EAD related to all-cause, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory diseases. Several subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS Significant associations were observed between PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10 and EADs. A 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 was associated with an increase of 0.98% (95% CI: 0.67, 1.28%), 2.06% (95% CI: 1.44, 2.68%), and 0.75% (95%CI: 0.53, 0.96%) in all-cause EAD, with an increase of 0.69% (95% CI: 0.00, 1.39%), 2.04% (95% CI: 0.64, 3.45%), and 0.60% (95%CI: 0.11,1.10%) in cardiovascular-related EAD, and an increase of 1.14% (95% CI: 0.25, 2.04%), 2.52% (95% CI: 0.72, 4.35%), and 0.89% (95%CI: 0.25,1.52%) in respiratory-related EAD at lag03, respectively. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM10 were significantly related with risks of all-cause and cause-specific EAD. More evidence of high quality may be needed to further support our results in this ecological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhang Tian
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongcong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zebing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guowei Li
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology (CCEM), Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Health research methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, 1280 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Rönkkö TJ, Hirvonen MR, Happo MS, Leskinen A, Koponen H, Mikkonen S, Bauer S, Ihantola T, Hakkarainen H, Miettinen M, Orasche J, Gu C, Wang Q, Jokiniemi J, Sippula O, Komppula M, Jalava PI. Air quality intervention during the Nanjing youth olympic games altered PM sources, chemical composition, and toxicological responses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109360. [PMID: 32222629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a leading global environmental health risk. Current air quality regulations are based on airborne mass concentration. However, PM from different sources have distinct chemical compositions and varied toxicity. Connections between emission control measures, air quality, PM composition, and toxicity remain insufficiently elucidated. The current study assessed the composition and toxicity of PM collected in Nanjing, China before, during, and after an air quality intervention for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games. A co-culture model that mimics the alveolar epithelium with the associated macrophages was created using A549 and THP-1 cells. These cells were exposed to size-segregated inhalable PM samples. The composition and toxicity of the PM samples were influenced by several factors including seasonal variation, emission sources, and the air quality intervention. For example, we observed a size-dependent shift in particle mass concentrations during the air quality intervention with an emphasized proportion of smaller particles (PM2.5) present in the air. The roles of industrial and fuel combustion and traffic emissions were magnified during the emission control period. Our analyses revealed that the PM samples demonstrated differential cytotoxic potencies at equal mass concentrations between sampling periods, locations, and time of day, influenced by variations in the predominant emission sources. Coal combustion and industrial emissions were the most important sources affecting the toxicological responses and displayed the least variation in emission contributions between the sampling periods. In conclusion, emission control mitigated cytotoxicity and oxidative stress for particles larger than 0.2 μm, but there was inadequate evidence to determine if it was the key factor reducing the harmful effects of PM0.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu J Rönkkö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko S Happo
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Ramboll Finland Oy, Oppipojankuja 6, FI-70780, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Koponen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stefanie Bauer
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tuukka Ihantola
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mirella Miettinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Center, Cooperation Group Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Cheng Gu
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin'geng Wang
- Nanjing University, School of the Environment, Branch 24 Mailbox of Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, No. 163 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jorma Jokiniemi
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Sippula
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Keller JP, Szpiro AA. Selecting a Scale for Spatial Confounding Adjustment. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY. SERIES A, (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY) 2020; 183:1121-1143. [PMID: 33132544 PMCID: PMC7592711 DOI: 10.1111/rssa.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Unmeasured, spatially-structured factors can confound associations between spatial environmental exposures and health outcomes. Adding flexible splines to a regression model is a simple approach for spatial confounding adjustment, but the spline degrees of freedom do not provide an easily interpretable spatial scale. We describe a method for quantifying the extent of spatial confounding adjustment in terms of the Euclidean distance at which variation is removed. We develop this approach for confounding adjustment with splines and using Fourier and wavelet filtering. We demonstrate differences in the spatial scales these bases can represent and provide a comparison of methods for selecting the amount of confounding adjustment. We find the best performance for selecting the amount of adjustment using an information criterion evaluated on an outcome model without exposure. We apply this method to spatial adjustment in an analysis of fine particulate matter and blood pressure in a cohort of United States women.
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Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Systems for Enhanced Living Environments: A Review toward Sustainable Smart Cities. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Smart cities follow different strategies to face public health challenges associated with socio-economic objectives. Buildings play a crucial role in smart cities and are closely related to people’s health. Moreover, they are equally essential to meet sustainable objectives. People spend most of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor air quality has a critical impact on health and well-being. With the increasing population of elders, ambient-assisted living systems are required to promote occupational health and well-being. Furthermore, living environments must incorporate monitoring systems to detect unfavorable indoor quality scenarios in useful time. This paper reviews the current state of the art on indoor air quality monitoring systems based on Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks in the last five years (2014–2019). This document focuses on the architecture, microcontrollers, connectivity, and sensors used by these systems. The main contribution is to synthesize the existing body of knowledge and identify common threads and gaps that open up new significant and challenging future research directions. The results show that 57% of the indoor air quality monitoring systems are based on Arduino, 53% of the systems use Internet of Things, and WSN architectures represent 33%. The CO2 and PM monitoring sensors are the most monitored parameters in the analyzed literature, corresponding to 67% and 29%, respectively.
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35
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Qing H, Wang X, Zhang N, Zheng K, Du K, Zheng M, Li Y, Chang Y, Zhang L, Bachert C. The Effect of Fine Particulate Matter on the Inflammatory Responses in Human Upper Airway Mucosa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:1315-1318. [PMID: 31310722 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0635le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qing
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijing, P. R. China
| | | | - Kaili Zheng
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Du
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgiumand
| | - Luo Zhang
- Beijing TongRen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Claus Bachert
- Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing, P. R. China
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36
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Menzies-Gow A, McBrien CN, Baker JR, Donnelly LE, Cohen RT. Update in Asthma and Airway Inflammation 2018. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:14-19. [PMID: 31026407 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201902-0321up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Menzies-Gow
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan R Baker
- 3 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- 3 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Robyn T Cohen
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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37
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Huang HC, Tantoh DM, Hsu SY, Nfor ON, Frank CFL, Lung CC, Ho CC, Chen CY, Liaw YP. Association between coarse particulate matter (PM 10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma among Taiwanese men. J Investig Med 2020; 68:419-424. [PMID: 31619486 PMCID: PMC7063388 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal tract traps mainly coarse particles in inhaled air. Soluble carcinogenic compounds, endotoxins, and trace metals contained in these particles are potential causes of inflammation and oxidative stress which could enhance carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the association between coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) and nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). A total of 521,098 men (355 cases and 520,743 non-cases), aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Data were retrieved from the Taiwan Cancer Registry, the Adult Preventive Medical Services Database, and the Air Quality Monitoring Database. PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after adjusting for SO2, NOx, O3, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, betel nut chewing, exercise, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. With PM10-2.5<20.44 μg/m3 as the reference, the ORs and 95% CIs were 1.47; 1.03-2.11, 1.34; 0.94-1.91, and 1.68; 1.16-2.44 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. PM10-2.5 remained significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC after further adjustments were made for the aforementioned covariates and PM2.5 The ORs; 95% CIs were 1.42; 0.96 to 2.12, 1.41; 0.94 to 2.10, and 1.71; 1.10 to 2.66 for 20.44≤PM10-2.5<24.08, 24.08≤PM10-2.5<29.27, and PM10-2.5≥29.27 μg/m3, respectively. In conclusion, PM10-2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of NPC in Taiwanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Chih Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Disline Manli Tantoh
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Hsu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheau-Feng Lin Frank
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lung
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fenech S, Aquilina NJ. Trends in ambient ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter concentrations over the Maltese Islands and the corresponding health impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134527. [PMID: 31629262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an overview of the air pollution levels in the Maltese Islands including trends in particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at four monitoring stations in Malta and one in Gozo between 2008 and 2017. In addition, the health impacts associated with long-term exposure to annual mean PM2.5 and NO2 are estimated at each site. Irrespective of the site, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations show statistically significant decreasing trends while statistically significant increasing trends are noted for the coarse fraction, PM2.5-10 and O3. Trends for the different pollutants vary for each site and differ from the overall trend both in magnitude and sign especially for NO2 concentrations. The attributable fraction (AF) associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 ranges from 0.67% (CI: 0.27%,1.07%) in Għarb to 11.79% (CI: 7.77,15.45) in Msida (2011). The corresponding attributable mortality is estimated to reach a maximum of 119 (CI: 78,156) attributable deaths associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 in Msida in 2011. This paper thus highlights the importance of continuous air quality monitoring in distinctively different conurbations especially for pollutants showing increasing trends and is the first to outline the potential long-term health effects of air pollutant concentrations in the Maltese Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fenech
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Malta.
| | - Noel J Aquilina
- Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malta, Malta
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Liu K, Li S, Qian ZM, Dharmage SC, Bloom MS, Heinrich J, Jalaludin B, Markevych I, Morawska L, Knibbs LD, Hinyard L, Xian H, Liu S, Lin S, Leskinen A, Komppula M, Jalava P, Roponen M, Hu LW, Zeng XW, Hu W, Chen G, Yang BY, Guo Y, Dong GH. Benefits of influenza vaccination on the associations between ambient air pollution and allergic respiratory diseases in children and adolescents: New insights from the Seven Northeastern Cities study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113434. [PMID: 31672350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists on interaction effects between air pollution and influenza vaccination on allergic respiratory diseases. We conducted a large population-based study to evaluate the interaction effects between influenza vaccination and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on allergic respiratory diseases in children and adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was investigated during 2012-2013 in 94 schools from Seven Northeastern Cities (SNEC) in China. Questionnaires surveys were obtained from 56 137 children and adolescents aged 2-17 years. Influenza vaccination was defined as receipt of the influenza vaccine. We estimated air pollutants exposure [nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10)] using machine learning methods. We employed two-level generalized linear mix effects model to examine interactive effects between influenza vaccination and air pollution exposure on allergic respiratory diseases (asthma, asthma-related symptoms and allergic rhinitis), after controlling for important covariates. RESULTS We found statistically significant interactions between influenza vaccination and air pollutants on allergic respiratory diseases and related symptoms (doctor-diagnosed asthma, current wheeze, wheeze, persistent phlegm and allergic rhinitis). The adjusted ORs for doctor-diagnosed asthma, current wheeze and allergic rhinitis among the unvaccinated group per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM1 and PM2.5 were significantly higher than the corresponding ORs among the vaccinated group [For PM1, doctor-diagnosed asthma: OR: 1.89 (95%CI: 1.57-2.27) vs 1.65 (95%CI: 1.36-2.00); current wheeze: OR: 1.50 (95%CI: 1.22-1.85) vs 1.10 (95%CI: 0.89-1.37); allergic rhinitis: OR: 1.38 (95%CI: 1.15-1.66) vs 1.21 (95%CI: 1.00-1.46). For PM2.5, doctor-diagnosed asthma: OR: 1.81 (95%CI: 1.52-2.14) vs 1.57 (95%CI: 1.32-1.88); current wheeze: OR: 1.46 (95%CI: 1.21-1.76) vs 1.11 (95%CI: 0.91-1.35); allergic rhinitis: OR: 1.35 (95%CI: 1.14-1.60) vs 1.19 (95%CI: 1.00-1.42)]. The similar patterns were observed for wheeze and persistent phlegm. The corresponding p values for interactions were less than 0.05, respectively. We assessed the risks of PM1-related and PM2.5-related current wheeze were decreased by 26.67% (95%CI: 1.04%-45.66%) and 23.97% (95%CI: 0.21%-42.08%) respectively, which was attributable to influenza vaccination (both p for efficiency <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination may play an important role in mitigating the detrimental effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on childhood allergic respiratory diseases. Policy targeted at increasing influenza vaccination may yield co-benefits in terms of reduced allergic respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, 63104, USA
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany; Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, 80336, Germany; Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Lidia Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality & Health (ILAQH), Science and Engineering Faculty, Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Leslie Hinyard
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, 63104, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, 63104, USA
| | - Shan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Ari Leskinen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Mika Komppula
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Marjut Roponen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Zhang W, Xiang Y, Lu C, Ou C, Deng Q. Numerical modeling of particle deposition in the conducting airways of asthmatic children. Med Eng Phys 2019; 76:40-46. [PMID: 31879223 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence has linked long- and short-term exposure to particulate air pollution with the incidence and exacerbation of asthma in children, but the biological pathogenesis is unclear. We examined the deposition of particles in the airways of asthmatic children. A planar and symmetric model of airways for 4-year-old asthmatic children was considered. Airflow and particle deposition in the upper (G3-G6) and lower (G9-G12) conducting airways were numerically investigated using computation fluid dynamics (CFD) method. We considered the manifestation of moderate (30% reduction in airway diameter) and severe (60% reduction) asthma. Micron particles (1-10 µm) were considered. We found that particle deposition in the asthmatic children was significantly higher than that in healthy children. The deposition efficiency increased slowly with particle size for healthy children, but increased rapidly for asthmatic children, such that smaller particles could be deposited in the conducting airways of asthmatics. For healthy children, particles were deposited by inertial impaction and gravitational sedimentation respectively in the upper and lower airways, but deposited by inertial impaction in asthmatic children. The severity of the asthma increased the particle deposition in the airways. Our study indicated that asthmatic children were more susceptible to the effect of particulate air pollution. The constricted airways increased the particle deposition by inertial impaction, which may be the biological pathogenesis that causes the hospitalization of asthma in children. Avoiding exposure during air pollution events will be an effective measure to reduce the asthma attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuguang Xiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chan Lu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Cuiyun Ou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of School of Architecture and Art, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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41
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Yi J, Duling MG, Bowers LN, Knepp AK, LeBouf RF, Nurkiewicz TR, Ranpara A, Luxton T, Martin SB, Burns DA, Peloquin DM, Baumann EJ, Virji MA, Stefaniak AB. Particle and organic vapor emissions from children's 3-D pen and 3-D printer toys. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:432-445. [PMID: 31874579 PMCID: PMC6995422 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1705441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Fused filament fabrication "3-dimensional (3-D)" printing has expanded beyond the workplace to 3-D printers and pens for use by children as toys to create objects.Materials and methods: Emissions from two brands of toy 3-D pens and one brand of toy 3-D printer were characterized in a 0.6 m3 chamber (particle number, size, elemental composition; concentrations of individual and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC)). The effects of print parameters on these emission metrics were evaluated using mixed-effects models. Emissions data were used to model particle lung deposition and TVOC exposure potential.Results: Geometric mean particle yields (106-1010 particles/g printed) and sizes (30-300 nm) and TVOC yields (
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and the Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506
| | - Matthew G. Duling
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Lauren N. Bowers
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Alycia K. Knepp
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Ryan F. LeBouf
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and the Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Anand Ranpara
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Todd Luxton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, 45224
| | - Stephen B. Martin
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | - Dru A. Burns
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
| | | | | | - M. Abbas Virji
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505
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42
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PM1 in Ambient and Indoor Air—Urban and Rural Areas in the Upper Silesian Region, Poland. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The work presents results of concentration measurements of PM1, collected in the indoor air of four preschool buildings in Gliwice and its environs (Silesia Province) and in ambient air in the vicinity of four working hard coal power plants and four coking plants located in southern Poland. (2) Methods: The samples of <1 µm, 1–2.5 µm, 2.5–10 µm, and >10 µm fractions were collected with the use of Dekati® PM10 cascade impactor, and concentrations of seven trace elements (Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Se) were determined. (3) Results: The concentrations of PM1 changed in the range of 3.1 μg/m3–65.3 μg/m3. Among trace elements, the highest concentrations in indoor air were evidenced for Cr (129–219 ng/m3), while in outdoor air for Pb (12.6–21.2 ng/m3). Principal Component Analysis PCA analysis extracted three factors of rural dusts, city dusts, and natural soils. (4) Conclusions: The paper points to accumulation of carcinogenic Cd, Cr, and Ni in indoor air, and significant contribution of trace elements in PM1, which, owing to long-lasting exposure and elevated sensitivity of developing organisms, may evoke effects on health of children.
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43
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Ma Y, Yu Z, Jiao H, Zhang Y, Ma B, Wang F, Zhou J. Short-term effect of PM 2.5 on pediatric asthma incidence in Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27832-27841. [PMID: 31342347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies pointed out that air pollution has a significant impact on pediatric asthma. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China, and the short-term effect of atmospheric particulate matter on the incidence of pediatric asthma has become a hot topic. From January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, we used daily measurements of pollutant concentrations, daily weather data, and daily records of pediatric asthma hospital visits from local authorities to evaluate the short-term effect of air pollution on pediatric asthma incidence in Shanghai, China. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) in the analysis, and the controlled confounding factors include long-term trends, day-of-the-week effects, and weather elements. We divided the entire study group into different age-subgroups. In addition, we took a variety of lag models into consideration. The results showed a strong connection between concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and pediatric asthma hospital visits from 2009 to 2010 in Shanghai, China. For the entire study group, the greatest relative risk (RR) of PM2.5 on pediatric asthma hospital visits was 1.060 on a lag of 4 days. As for the three different age-subgroups, the greatest RR of PM2.5 on pediatric asthma hospital visits was 1.061 (at a lag of 5 days), 1.071 (at a lag of 4 days), and 1.052 (at a lag of 2 days), for the under-2-year-olds, 3-to-5-year-olds, and the 6-to-18-year-olds, respectively. The overall short-term effect of PM2.5 on pediatric asthma hospital visits was relatively stronger in younger children. Within the year, we detected the strongest seasonal effect of PM2.5 on pediatric asthma hospital visits in Summer. When adding other air pollutants in the analysis model, RR of PM2.5 on pediatric asthma hospital visits would be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhiang Yu
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haoran Jiao
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bingji Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Tacheng Meteorological Bureau, Tacheng, 834700, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health in Shanghai, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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44
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Strickland MJ. Taking Another Look at Ambient Coarse Particles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:697-698. [PMID: 29262265 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2434ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Erlandson G, Magzamen S, Carter E, Sharp JL, Reynolds SJ, Schaeffer JW. Characterization of Indoor Air Quality on a College Campus: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152721. [PMID: 31366132 PMCID: PMC6695958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent construction trends on college campuses have demonstrated a shift to designing buildings with features focused on sustainability. However, few studies have investigated indoor air quality in institutions of higher education, particularly in sustainably designed buildings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of building and occupancy on indoor air quality within and between higher education buildings. We measured particulate matter, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides in LEED certified, retrofitted, and conventional building types on a college campus. Three size fractions of particulate matter were measured in each building. We conducted multi-zonal, 48-h measurements when the buildings were occupied and unoccupied. Outdoor particulate matter was significantly higher (PM2.5 = 4.76, PM4 = 17.1, and PM100 = 21.6 µg/m3) than in classrooms (PM2.5 = 1.7, PM4 = 4.2, and PM100 = 6.7 µg/m3) and common areas (PM2.5 = 1.3, PM4 = 4.2, and PM100 = 4.8 µg/m3; all p < 0.001). Additionally, concentrations of carbon dioxide and particulate matter were significantly higher (p < 0.05) during occupied sampling. The results suggest that occupancy status and building zone are major predictors of indoor air quality in campus buildings, which can, in turn, increase the concentration of contaminants, potentially impacting occupant health and performance. More research is warranted to reveal building features and human behaviors contributing to indoor exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Erlandson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ellison Carter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Julia L Sharp
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stephen J Reynolds
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joshua W Schaeffer
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Xiao T, Ling M, Xu H, Luo F, Xue J, Chen C, Bai J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Bian Q, Liu Q. NF-κB-regulation of miR-155, via SOCS1/STAT3, is involved in the PM 2.5-accelerated cell cycle and proliferation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114616. [PMID: 31185220 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5, particles <2.5 μm in size), induces adverse health effects on the respiratory system. Uncontrolled proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells, resulting from deregulated cell cycle progression, contributes to pulmonary homeostatic imbalance. Although dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in a variety of pathophysiologic processes, the role of miRNAs in lung injury caused by PM2.5 is unclear. In the present study, we found that different concentrations of PM2.5 caused a biphasic effect on proliferation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. PM2.5 induced an aberrant cell cycle and proliferation of HBE cells, and up-regulated miR-155 levels with a concentration-dependent manner. High miR-155 expression, mediated by NF-κB activation, produced an accelerated G1/S phase and cell proliferation though the STAT3 pathway, which targeted SOCS1. These findings indicate that NF-κB-mediated miR-155 induces an altered cell cycle through epigenetic modulation of the SOCS1/STAT3 signaling pathway and provide a mechanism for the biphasic effect of different concentrations of PM2.5 in inducing respiratory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Ling
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- Faculty of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qian Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China.
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48
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Greenblatt RE, Himes BE. Facilitating Inclusion of Geocoded Pollution Data into Health Studies. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 2019:553-561. [PMID: 31259010 PMCID: PMC6568125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pollutants impacts health and has been associated with a range of diseases, including respiratory and heart diseases, as well as all-cause mortality. Because taking exposure measures for individual studies is costly and impractical, most rely on data from sources such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which provides a wealth of publicly available pollution measures taken at over two thousand monitoring sites across the United States. While EPA data is readily available, estimating pollution exposure at a given latitude-longitude location remains computationally intensive. We developed Pollution-Associated Risk Geospatial Analysis SITE (PARGASITE), an online web-application and R package, that can be used to estimate levels of pollutants in the U.S. for 2005 through 2017 at user-defined geographic locations and time ranges. We demonstrate how PARGASITE can facilitate the study of associations between exposures and health outcomes using as an example an analysis of asthma risk factors among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Greenblatt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Blanca E Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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49
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Ghanbarian M, Nicknam MH, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Hassanvand MS, Soleimanifar N, Rezaei S, Atafar Z, Ghanbarian M, Faraji M, Ghozikali MG, Naddafi K. Investigation and Comparison of In Vitro Genotoxic Potency of PM 10 Collected in Rural and Urban Sites at Tehran in Different Metrological Conditions and Different Seasons. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:301-310. [PMID: 30074142 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The particulate matter has become a serious health problem in some large cities in the world. These particles are a complex mixture of chemical compounds which change based on location and time and, consequently, can cause different health-related effects. The exact mechanism of the effect of these particles is not yet known for certain. However, it seems that numerous mechanisms through the production of ROS and, eventually, DNA destruction, which are related to a wide range of diseases, are among the causes of particles' health-related effects. The present study is aimed to evaluate and compare the genotoxicity potential of particles collected in Tehran, Iran, in urban and rural regions during spring and autumn as well as dusty and inversion conditions. These effects were examined using the comet assay on human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Results showed that all the particles had the potential for genotoxicity at the concentration used in this study (75,150 and 300 μg/ml). Moreover, DNA destruction changed with season, site, and even dusty and inversion atmospheric conditions. These changes mostly belonged to urban particles. In general, urban particles in autumn and, specifically, on days with inversion had higher genotoxicity (p < 0.01). Difference was observed between dusty and regular days so that regular days were more potent (p < 0.05). A strong correlation was observed between the effects of most PAH compounds and other metals such as Cr, Co, Cd, Mn, As, and also SO4, which were mostly the result of combustion in vehicle engines in urban regions. No difference was observed for rural particles at different conditions and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mesdaghinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Methodology and Data Analysis Department, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Rezaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Atafar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghanbarian
- School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Maryam Faraji
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari Ghozikali
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Louisias M, Ramadan A, Naja AS, Phipatanakul W. The Effects of the Environment on Asthma Disease Activity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2019; 39:163-175. [PMID: 30954168 PMCID: PMC6452888 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is highly prevalent and causes significant morbidity in children. The development of asthma depends on complex relationships between genetic predisposition and environmental modifiers of immune function. The biological and physical environmental factors include aeroallergens, microbiome, endotoxin, genetics, and pollutants. The psychosocial environment encompasses stress, neighborhood safety, housing, and discrimination. They all have been speculated to influence asthma control and the risk of developing asthma. Control of the factors that contribute to or aggravate symptoms, interventions to eliminate allergen exposure, guidelines-based pharmacologic therapy, and education of children and their caregivers are of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margee Louisias
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan Building, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amira Ramadan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan Building, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmad Salaheddine Naja
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan Building, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan Building, 6th floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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