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Guo TJF, Singhera GK, Leung JM, Dorscheid DR. Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19. Viruses 2023; 15:1655. [PMID: 37631998 PMCID: PMC10458661 DOI: 10.3390/v15081655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response which can give rise to clinical presentations including lung injury and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral pneumonia, coagulopathy, and multi-system organ failure. In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the airway epithelium can mount a maladaptive immune response which can delay viral clearance, perpetuate excessive inflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In this article, we will review the barrier and immune functions of the airway epithelium, how SARS-CoV-2 can interact with the epithelium, and epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines and their roles in COVID-19 and as biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss these immune mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony J. F. Guo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gurpreet K. Singhera
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Janice M. Leung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Delbert R. Dorscheid
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St., Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St., Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Fathollahpour A, Abdi Abyaneh F, Darabi B, Ebrahimi M, Kooti W, Nasiri Kalmarzi R. Main Polymorphisms in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Gene 2023; 870:147326. [PMID: 37011853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition caused by increased bronchoconstriction in people with asthma after taking aspirin or another NSAID. Molecular analysis of the human genome has opened up new perspectives on human polymorphisms and disease. This study was conducted to identify the genetic factors that influence this disease due to its unknown genetic factors. We evaluated research studies, letters, comments, editorials, eBooks, and reviews. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched for information. We used the keywords polymorphisms, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, asthma, allergy as search terms. This study included 38 studies. AERD complications were associated with polymorphisms in ALOX15, EP2, ADRB2, SLC6A12, CCR3, CRTH2, CysLTs, DPCR1, DPP10, FPR2, HSP70, IL8, IL1B, IL5RA, IL-13, IL17RA, ILVBL, TBXA2R, TLR3, HLA-DRB and HLA-DQ, HLA-DR7, HLA-DP. AERD was associated with heterogeneity in gene polymorphisms, making it difficult to pinpoint specific gene changes. Therefore, diagnosing and treating AERD may be facilitated by examining common variants involving the disease.
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Yuan Q, Peng N, Xiao F, Shi X, Zhu B, Rui K, Tian J, Lu L. New insights into the function of Interleukin-25 in disease pathogenesis. Biomark Res 2023; 11:36. [PMID: 37005677 PMCID: PMC10068183 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family. IL-25 is abundantly expressed by Th2 cells and various kinds of epithelial cells. IL-25 is an alarm signal generated upon cell injury or tissue damage to activate immune cells through the interaction with IL-17RA and IL-17RB receptors. The binding of IL-25 to IL-17RA/IL-17RB complex not only initiates and maintains type 2 immunity but also regulates other immune cells (e.g., macrophages and mast cells) via various signaling pathways. It has been well-documented that IL-25 is critically involved in the development of allergic disorders (e.g., asthma). However, the roles of IL-25 in the pathogenesis of other diseases and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review presents current evidence on the roles of IL-25 in cancers, allergic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we discuss the unanswered key questions underlying IL-25-mediated disease pathology, which will provide new insights into the targeted therapy of this cytokine in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Yuan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second People's Hospital, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
- Centre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Gauvreau GM, Bergeron C, Boulet LP, Cockcroft DW, Côté A, Davis BE, Leigh R, Myers I, O'Byrne PM, Sehmi R. Sounding the alarmins-The role of alarmin cytokines in asthma. Allergy 2023; 78:402-417. [PMID: 36463491 PMCID: PMC10108333 DOI: 10.1111/all.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The alarmin cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, and IL-25 are epithelial cell-derived mediators that contribute to the pathobiology and pathophysiology of asthma. Released from airway epithelial cells exposed to environmental triggers, the alarmins drive airway inflammation through the release of predominantly T2 cytokines from multiple effector cells. The upstream positioning of the alarmins is an attractive pharmacological target to block multiple T2 pathways important in asthma. Blocking the function of TSLP inhibits allergen-induced responses including bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation, and subsequent clinical trials of an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody, tezepelumab, in asthma patients demonstrated improvements in lung function, airway responsiveness, inflammation, and importantly, a reduction in the rate of exacerbations. Notably, these improvements were observed in patients with T2-high and with T2-low asthma. Clinical trials blocking IL-33 and its receptor ST2 have also shown improvements in lung function and exacerbation rates; however, the impact of blocking the IL-33/ST2 axis in T2-high versus T2-low asthma is unclear. To date, there is no evidence that IL-25 blockade is beneficial in asthma. Despite the considerable overlap in the cellular functions of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, they appear to have distinct roles in the immunopathology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Bergeron
- Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Donald W Cockcroft
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andréanne Côté
- Centre for Lung Health, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Beth E Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Richard Leigh
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irvin Myers
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Chronic allergic asthma alters m6A epitranscriptomic tagging of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the lung. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231936. [PMID: 36250525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of m6A methylation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chronic allergic asthma. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine (m6A) changes in BALB/c mice were profiled using immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs with microarrays in lung with chronic allergic asthma. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were conducted. Target genes were verified by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specifically, the mRNA levels of m6A writers (METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP), and readers and erasers (FTO and ALKBH5) were estimated by real-time PCR analysis, using the SYBR-green method. IL17RB mRNA was also evaluated by PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the airway and lung tissues in mice in the asthma group had extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchioles, blood vessels, and alveoli. The lungs of those allergic asthma mice showed altered m6A epitranscriptome, whereby 1369 mRNAs and 176 lncRNAs were hypermethylated, and 197 mRNAs and 30 lncRNAs were hypomethylated (>1.5-fold vs control). Also, compared with the control group, IL17RB mRNA in lung of the asthmatic group was significantly hypermethylated (P<0.01). In the asthma group, the mRNA and the protein level of METTL14 (the key methyltransferase) and ALKBH5 (the major demethyltransferase) were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Chronic allergic asthma alters the lung m6A epitranscriptome, suggesting functional implications in the pathophysiology of refractory asthma. Data support methylated IL17RB mRNA possibly becoming a new therapeutic target for chronic allergic asthma.
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Yin Z, Zhou Y, Turnquist HR, Liu Q. Neuro-epithelial-ILC2 crosstalk in barrier tissues. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:901-916. [PMID: 36253275 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) contribute to the maintenance of mammalian barrier tissue homeostasis. We review how ILC2s integrate epithelial signals and neurogenic components to preserve the tissue microenvironment and modulate inflammation. The epithelium that overlies barrier tissues, including the skin, lungs, and gut, generates epithelial cytokines that elicit ILC2 activation. Sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory, and enteric fibers release neural signals to modulate ILC2 functions. We also highlight recent findings suggesting neuro-epithelial-ILC2 crosstalk and its implications in immunity, inflammation and resolution, tissue repair, and restoring homeostasis. We further discuss the pathogenic effects of disturbed ILC2-centered neuro-epithelial-immune cell interactions and putative areas for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Yawen Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
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Duchesne M, Okoye I, Lacy P. Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975914. [PMID: 36311787 PMCID: PMC9616080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma. In addition, studies in which each of these three alarmins were targeted in allergen-challenged mice showed decreased chronicity of type-2 driven disease. Consequently, ascertaining the mechanism of activity of these upstream mediators has implications for understanding the outcome of targeted therapies designed to counteract their activity and alleviate downstream type 2-high and low effector responses. Furthermore, identifying the factors which shift the balance between the elicitation of type 2-high, eosinophilic asthma and type-2 low, neutrophilic-positive/negative asthma by alarmins is essential. In support of these efforts, observations from the NAVIGATOR trial imply that targeting TSLP in patients with tezepelumab results in reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function and control of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms surrounding the secretion of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP from the airway epithelium and how this influences the allergic airway cascade. We also review in detail how alarmin-receptor/co-receptor interactions modulate downstream allergic inflammation. Current strategies which target alarmins, their efficacy and inflammatory phenotype will be discussed.
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8
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Peng B, Sun L, Zhang M, Yan H, Shi G, Xia Z, Dai R, Tang W. Role of IL-25 on Eosinophils in the Initiation of Th2 Responses in Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842500. [PMID: 35615348 PMCID: PMC9125245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophils act as a secondary antigen-presenting cell (APC) to stimulate Th cell responses against antigens. IL-25 plays a significant role in eosinophil activation in allergic asthma. The role of IL-25 on the classic APC functions of dendritic cells has been elucidated. However, whether IL-25 facilitates eosinophils for antigen presentation is unknown. Objective To elucidate the role of IL-25 on eosinophils antigen presenting function during allergic asthma and its related mechanism. Methods Eosinophils from allergic asthma subjects were cultured with IL-25 and HDM to identify the co-stimulator molecules expression. Co-cultures of patient eosinophils and autologous naïve CD4+ T cells in the same culture system were to explore whether eosinophils had the capacity to promote Th cell differentiation in response to IL-25 engagement. In asthma mouse model, IL-25-/- mice were exposed to HDM to investigate the effect of IL-25 on eosinophils during the sensitization phase. The impact of IL-25 on the capacity for eosinophils taking up antigens was evaluated. Mouse bone marrow derived eosinophils (BmEOS) were co-cultured with naïve CD4+T cells sorted from spleens under HDM and IL-25 stimulation to identify T cell differentiation. Results IL-25 upregulated HLA-DR, PD-L1, and OX-40L expression on eosinophils from allergic asthma patients. IL-25 and HDM co-sensitized eosinophils promoted Th2 differentiation. In mouse model, IL-25-/- mice experienced restrained allergic pulmonary inflammation and reduced eosinophils recruitment and antigen uptake capacity during the early sensitization phase. In vitro, IL-25 promoted antigen uptake by eosinophils. In BmEOS and naïve CD4+T cells co-culture, IL-25 accreted the proportion of CD4+Th2 cells, which was absent in CD4+T cells culture alone. Conclusion Our data identify a novel role of IL-25 in enhancing eosinophils antigen uptake and co-stimulator molecules expression to induce Th2 priming in the context of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huacheng Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenwei Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tang, ; Ranran Dai, ; Zhenwei Xia,
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tang, ; Ranran Dai, ; Zhenwei Xia,
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Tang, ; Ranran Dai, ; Zhenwei Xia,
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Williams TC, Loo SL, Nichol KS, Reid AT, Veerati PC, Esneau C, Wark PAB, Grainge CL, Knight DA, Vincent T, Jackson CL, Alton K, Shimkets RA, Girkin JL, Bartlett NW. IL-25 blockade augments antiviral immunity during respiratory virus infection. Commun Biol 2022; 5:415. [PMID: 35508632 PMCID: PMC9068710 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-25 is implicated in the pathogenesis of viral asthma exacerbations. However, the effect of IL-25 on antiviral immunity has yet to be elucidated. We observed abundant expression and colocalization of IL-25 and IL-25 receptor at the apical surface of uninfected airway epithelial cells and rhinovirus infection increased IL-25 expression. Analysis of immune transcriptome of rhinovirus-infected differentiated asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) treated with an anti-IL-25 monoclonal antibody (LNR125) revealed a re-calibrated response defined by increased type I/III IFN and reduced expression of type-2 immune genes CCL26, IL1RL1 and IL-25 receptor. LNR125 treatment also increased type I/III IFN expression by coronavirus infected BECs. Exogenous IL-25 treatment increased viral load with suppressed innate immunity. In vivo LNR125 treatment reduced IL-25/type 2 cytokine expression and increased IFN-β expression and reduced lung viral load. We define a new immune-regulatory role for IL-25 that directly inhibits virus induced airway epithelial cell innate anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C Williams
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Su-Ling Loo
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristy S Nichol
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew T Reid
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Punnam C Veerati
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Esneau
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- UBC Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Abeome Corporation/Lanier Biotherapeutics, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Kirby Alton
- Abeome Corporation/Lanier Biotherapeutics, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jason L Girkin
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- The University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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Whetstone CE, Ranjbar M, Omer H, Cusack RP, Gauvreau GM. The Role of Airway Epithelial Cell Alarmins in Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:1105. [PMID: 35406669 PMCID: PMC8997824 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the first line of defense for the lungs, detecting inhaled environmental threats through pattern recognition receptors expressed transmembrane or intracellularly. Activation of pattern recognition receptors triggers the release of alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP. These alarmins are important mediators of inflammation, with receptors widely expressed in structural cells as well as innate and adaptive immune cells. Many of the key effector cells in the allergic cascade also produce alarmins, thereby contributing to the airways disease by driving downstream type 2 inflammatory processes. Randomized controlled clinical trials have demonstrated benefit when blockade of TSLP and IL-33 were added to standard of care medications, suggesting these are important new targets for treatment of asthma. With genome-wide association studies demonstrating associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the TSLP and IL-33 gene and risk of asthma, it will be important to understand which subsets of asthma patients will benefit most from anti-alarmin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gail M. Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (C.E.W.); (M.R.); (H.O.); (R.P.C.)
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11
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Analysis of Serum Interleukin-37 Level and Prognosis in Patients with ACS. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3755458. [PMID: 34580597 PMCID: PMC8464428 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3755458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the level of serum interleukin-37 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its prognostic value. Methods Altogether, 121 continuous ACS cases from September 2017 to June 2020 were selected as the research group (RG), and 107 healthy individuals during the same period were obtained as the control group (CG). ELISA was applied to test IL-37 in the serum of the CG and the RG. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was applied to test NT-pro BNP and hs-cTnI in each group and immune scattering turbidimetry to test hs-CRP. The correlation of IL-37 with serum NT-pro BNP, hs-cTnI, and CRP was analyzed, and the value of IL-37 in diagnosis and prognosis prediction of patients with ACS was tested. Logistic regression was applied to test the independent risk factors affecting poor prognosis of patients with ACS. Results IL-37 was poorly expressed in patients with ACS, which had a high diagnostic value for ACS (sensitivity: 94.39%, specificity: 74.38%, and area under curve: 0.945). There was a negative correlation of IL-37 with serum NT-pro BNP, hs-cTnI, and CRP. IL-37 in patients with poor prognosis was markedly declined compared with that of patients with good prognosis, and the predicted AUC was 0.965. Logistic regression revealed that low IL-37, diabetes, high CRP, NT-pro BNP, and hs-cTnI in the blood were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with ACS. Conclusion IL-37 is low expressed in patients with ACS, which has a good diagnostic and prognostic value for ACS, and may be applied as an important marker for the prediction of patients with ACS.
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12
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Deng C, Peng N, Tang Y, Yu N, Wang C, Cai X, Zhang L, Hu D, Ciccia F, Lu L. Roles of IL-25 in Type 2 Inflammation and Autoimmune Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691559. [PMID: 34122457 PMCID: PMC8194343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17E (IL-25) is a member of the IL-17 cytokine family that includes IL-17A to IL-17F. IL-17 family cytokines play a key role in host defense responses and inflammatory diseases. Compared with other IL-17 cytokine family members, IL-25 has relatively low sequence similarity to IL-17A and exhibits a distinct function from other IL-17 cytokines. IL-25 binds to its receptor composed of IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) and IL-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) for signal transduction. IL-25 has been implicated as a type 2 cytokine and can induce the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which in turn inhibits the differentiation of T helper (Th) 17. In addition to its anti-inflammatory properties, IL-25 also exhibits a pro-inflammatory effect in the pathogenesis of Th17-dominated diseases. Here, we review recent advances in the roles of IL-25 in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Deng
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Na Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Section of Rheumatology, Università degli Studi della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The alarmins, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-25 and IL-33, are upstream regulators of T2 (type 2) inflammation and found to be expressed at high levels in airway epithelium of patients with T2 asthma. This review will summarize how alarmins regulate the inflamed asthmatic airways through previously described and newly identified mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Alarmins drive allergic and nonallergic asthma through activation of innate lymphoid cell 2 (ILC2), which are a rich source of cytokines such as IL-5 and IL-13, with resulting effects on eosinophilopoeisis and remodelling, respectively. Findings from bronchial allergen challenges have illustrated widespread expression of alarmins and their receptors across many effector cells in airways, and recent studies have emphasized alarmin regulation of CD4 T lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils, and their progenitors. Furthermore, a link between alarmins and lipid mediators is being uncovered. SUMMARY Alarmins can drive well defined inflammatory pathways through activation of dendritic cells and polarizing T cells to produce type 2 cytokines, as well as they can directly activate many other effector cells that play a central role in allergic and nonallergic asthma. Clinical trials support a central role for TSLP in driving airway inflammation and asthma exacerbations, while ongoing trials blocking IL-33 and IL-25 will help to define their respective role in asthma.
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14
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Borowczyk J, Shutova M, Brembilla NC, Boehncke WH. IL-25 (IL-17E) in epithelial immunology and pathophysiology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:40-52. [PMID: 33485651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-25, also known as IL-17E, is a unique cytokine of the IL-17 family. Indeed, IL-25 exclusively was shown to strongly induce expression of the cytokines associated with type 2 immunity. Although produced by several types of immune cells, such as T cells, dendritic cells, or group 2 innate lymphoid cells, a vast amount of IL-25 derives from epithelial cells. The functions of IL-25 have been actively studied in the context of physiology and pathology of various organs including skin, airways and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-25 is a "barrier surface" cytokine whose expression depends on extrinsic environmental factors and when upregulated may lead to inflammatory disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or asthma. This review summarizes the progress of the recent years regarding the effects of IL-25 on the regulation of immune response and the balance between its homeostatic and pathogenic role in various epithelia. We revisit IL-25's general and tissue-specific mechanisms of action, mediated signaling pathways, and transcription factors activated in immune and resident cells. Finally, we discuss perspectives of the IL-25-based therapies for inflammatory disorders and compare them with the mainstream ones that target IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Shutova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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15
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Lee S, Han EH, Lim MK, Lee SH, Yu HJ, Lim YH, Kang S. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex Sensitivity In Vivo. J Med Food 2020; 23:1060-1069. [PMID: 32758004 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been extensively utilized as an herb to relieve phlegm. In this study, the effects of PG root extracts on airway inflammation and cough reflex were investigated, especially using fermented PG extracts (FPE) to increase an active compound, platycodin D by fermentation. FPE significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced asthma mice versus those of vehicle control. Moreover, in the BALF and the serum, FPE significantly reduced the concentration of IL-17E, a proinflammatory cytokine that causes TH2 immunity, including eosinophil amplification. It was also demonstrated that FPE might relieve inflammations through histological analysis of the lung separated from each mouse. Furthermore, in cough reflex guinea pigs induced by citric acid treatment, FPE treatment significantly reduced the number of coughs versus that of vehicle control, and consequently decreased cough reflex sensitivity. In addition, the total cell number and eosinophils significantly decreased in the BALF obtained from each guinea pig versus that of vehicle control. In in vitro study, pretreatment with FPE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Therefore, we demonstrated that FPE relieved airway inflammation and cough reflex sensitivity in vivo, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of iNOS and several proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that FPE might have a beneficial effect on respiratory health, and may be useful as a functional food to prevent respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lim
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Co., Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Jong Yu
- Research & Development Center, SKbioland Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongman Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Zhang H, Zhu X, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Y. Long non-coding RNA FOXD3-AS1 regulates the expression and secretion of IL-25 in nasal epithelial cells to inhibit Th2 type immunoreaction in allergic rhinitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:239-246. [PMID: 32671514 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA FOXD3-AS1 is associated with allergic rhinitis (AR). This article aims to demystify the role of FOXD3-AS1 in AR. We compared FOXD3-AS1 expression in nasal mucosas between AR patients and healthy control. Next, nasal epithelial cells (NECs) were incubated with lipopolysaccharide or recombinant IL-25, and then the supernatant of the NECs was incubated with CD4+ T cells. Th2 cell proportions were assessed by flow cytometry. The levels of gene and cytokines were detected by real-time quantitative PCR or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. FOXD3-AS1 was downregulated in nasal mucosas of AR patients, whereas Th2 cell proportions and the levels of IL-25, IL-4, and IL-13 were enhanced in peripheral blood of AR patients. FOXD3-AS1 overexpression inhibited the expression and secretion of IL-25 in NECs. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 and Th2 cell proportions in CD4+ T cells were enhanced by recombinant IL-25, which was effectively abolished by the supernatant of FOXD3-AS1-overexpressed NECs treatment. Our study demonstrates that FOXD3-AS1 is downregulated in nasal mucosas of AR patients, and FOXD3-AS1 represses the expression and secretion IL-25 in NECs, thereby inhibiting Th2 type immunoreaction in AR. Thus, our data provide a novel target gene for AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaojie Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Borowczyk J, Buerger C, Tadjrischi N, Drukala J, Wolnicki M, Wnuk D, Modarressi A, Boehncke WH, Brembilla NC. IL-17E (IL-25) and IL-17A Differentially Affect the Functions of Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1379-1389.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Bastid J, Dejou C, Docquier A, Bonnefoy N. The Emerging Role of the IL-17B/IL-17RB Pathway in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:718. [PMID: 32373132 PMCID: PMC7186465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among inflammatory mediators, a growing body of evidence emphasizes the contribution of the interleukin 17 (IL-17) cytokine family in malignant diseases. Besides IL-17A, the prototypic member of the IL-17 family, several experimental findings strongly support the role of the IL-17B/IL-17 receptor B (IL-17RB) pathway in tumorigenesis and resistance to anticancer therapies. In mouse models, IL-17B signaling through IL-17RB directly promotes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and migration, and induces resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Importantly, recent work by our and other laboratories showed that IL-17B signaling dramatically alters the tumor microenvironment by promoting chemokine and cytokine secretion which foster tumor progression. Moreover, the finding that elevated IL-17B is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast cancer strengthens the results obtained in pre-clinical studies and highlights its clinical relevance. Here, we review the current understanding on the IL-17B/IL-17RB expression patterns and biological activities in cancer and highlight issues that remain to be addressed to better characterize IL-17B and its receptor as potential targets for enhancing the effectiveness of the existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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19
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Tuft-Cell-Derived Leukotrienes Drive Rapid Anti-helminth Immunity in the Small Intestine but Are Dispensable for Anti-protist Immunity. Immunity 2020; 52:528-541.e7. [PMID: 32160525 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helminths, allergens, and certain protists induce type 2 immune responses, but the underlying mechanisms of immune activation remain poorly understood. In the small intestine, chemosensing by epithelial tuft cells results in the activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which subsequently drive increased tuft cell frequency. This feedforward circuit is essential for intestinal remodeling and helminth clearance. ILC2 activation requires tuft-cell-derived interleukin-25 (IL-25), but whether additional signals regulate the circuit is unclear. Here, we show that tuft cells secrete cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) to rapidly activate type 2 immunity following chemosensing of helminth infection. CysLTs cooperate with IL-25 to activate ILC2s, and tuft-cell-specific ablation of leukotriene synthesis attenuates type 2 immunity and delays helminth clearance. Conversely, cysLTs are dispensable for the tuft cell response induced by intestinal protists. Our findings identify an additional tuft cell effector function and suggest context-specific regulation of tuft-ILC2 circuits within the small intestine.
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20
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Liao S, Tan KS, Bi M, Liao W, Chen Y, Hong H. IL-25: Regulator of Type 2 Inflammation in Allergic Nasal Mucosa. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-019-00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Li Y, Wang R, Liu S, Liu J, Pan W, Li F, Li J, Meng D. Interleukin-25 is upregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and ameliorates murine lupus by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105680. [PMID: 31200339 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-25 (IL-25), an anti-inflammatory member of the IL-17 family of cytokines, has been extensively investigated in multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, its pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the expression and clinical significance of IL-25 in patients with SLE as well as its pathogenic role in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. The results showed that IL-25 mRNA and serum levels were increased in patients with SLE compared with those in healthy controls. Higher IL-25 mRNA and serum levels were found in patients with an active disease. IL-25 levels were positively associated with SLEDAI, anti-dsDNA, and IgG but negatively associated with C3 and C4. Ex vivo assay showed that IL-25 could inhibit the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-17, IL-6, and IFN-γ as well as TNF-α in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with SLE. In vivo studies revealed that treatment with IL-25 significantly ameliorated lupus symptoms in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-17A, and IFN-β. Cumulatively, our results suggest that IL-25 levels are increased in patients with SLE and associated with disease activity; IL-25 plays a potent immunosuppressive role in the pathogenesis of SLE by suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines. IL-25 could potentially be used as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, No. 6 Hongri Road, Lianshui, Huai'an 224600, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Wenyou Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China
| | - Deqian Meng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 West Road, Huai'an, Beijing 223300, China.
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22
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Biological Properties and the Role of IL-25 in Disease Pathogenesis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6519465. [PMID: 30345318 PMCID: PMC6174801 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6519465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin- (IL-) 17 superfamily, a T cell-derived cytokine, consists of 6 ligands (IL-17A-IL-17F) and 5 receptors (IL-17RA-IL-17RE). IL-17A, a prototype member of this family, is involved in the pathogenesis of allergies, autoimmune diseases, allograft transplantations, and malignancies. By contrast, IL-17B is reported to be closely related to certain diseases, particularly tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Recently, the biological function of IL-17E (also called IL-25) in disease, particularly airway diseases, has attracted the attention of researchers. However, studies on IL-25 are scant. In this review, we detail the structural characteristics, expression patterns, responder cells, biological properties, and role of IL-25 in disease pathogenesis.
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23
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Tang W, Smith SG, Du W, Gugilla A, Du J, Oliveria JP, Howie K, Salter BM, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM, Sehmi R. Interleukin-25 and eosinophils progenitor cell mobilization in allergic asthma. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:5. [PMID: 29456832 PMCID: PMC5809891 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eosinophil-lineage committed progenitor cells (EoP) migrate from the bone marrow and differentiate locally to provide an ongoing source of mature eosinophils in asthmatic inflammatory responses in the airways. Sputum levels of EoP are increased in asthmatics compared to normal controls suggesting an exaggerated eosinophilopoietic environment in the airways. Understanding what factors promote EoP traffic to the airways is important to understand the diathesis of asthma pathology. Interleukin (IL)-25, is an epithelial-derived cytokine that promotes type 2 inflammatory responses. We have previously shown that levels of IL-25 and expression of the IL-25 receptor (IL-17RA and IL-17RB) on mature eosinophils are greater in allergic asthmatics compared to atopic non-asthmatics and non-atopic normal controls. In addition, these levels were increased significantly increased following allergen inhalation challenge and physiologically relevant levels of IL-25 stimulated eosinophil degranulation, intracellular IL-5 and IL-13 expression and primed migration to eotaxin. The current study, examined the role of IL-25 on allergen-induced trafficking of EoP in atopic asthmatics. Methods Asthmatics (n = 14) who developed allergen-induced early and late responses were enrolled in the study. Blood was collected at pre- and 24 h post-challenge. At each time point, surface expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RB on EoP was evaluated by flow cytometry. Migration assays examined the effect of IL-25 on EoP chemotactic responses, in vitro. In addition, IL-25 knockout ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice were studied to evaluate in vivo mobilization effects of IL-25 on newly formed EoP and mature eosinophils. Results There was a significant increase in numbers of blood EoP expressing IL-17RB, 24 h post-allergen inhalation challenge in allergic asthmatics. Pre-exposure to IL-25 primed the migrational responsiveness of EoP to stromal cell-derived factor 1α. In OVA-sensitized mice, knocking out IL-25 significantly alleviated OVA-induced eosinophil infiltration in the airway and newly formed eosinophils were reduced in the lung. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate a potential role for IL-25 in allergen-induced trafficking of EoP to the airways and local differentiation promoting tissue eosiniophilia in asthmatic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada.,2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven G Smith
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Wei Du
- 2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Akash Gugilla
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Juan Du
- 2Department of Respirology and Critical Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - John Paul Oliveria
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Karen Howie
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Brittany M Salter
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Gail M Gauvreau
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
| | - Roma Sehmi
- 1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L6M 1A6 Canada
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24
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Ferretti E, Di Carlo E, Ognio E, Fraternali-Orcioni G, Corcione A, Belmonte B, Ravetti JL, Tripodo C, Ribatti D, Pistoia V. IL-25 dampens the growth of human germinal center-derived B-cell non Hodgkin Lymphoma by curtailing neoangiogenesis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1397249. [PMID: 29399397 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1397249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-25, a member of the IL-17 cytokine superfamily, is produced by immune and non-immune cells and exerts type 2 pro-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The IL-25 receptor(R) is composed of the IL-17RA/IL-17RB subunits. Previous work showed that germinal centre (GC)-derived B-cell non Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) expressed IL-17AR, formed by IL-17RA and IL-17RC subunits, and IL-17A/IL-17AR axis promoted B-NHL growth by stimulating neoangiogenesis. Here, we have investigated expression and function of IL-25/IL-25R axis in lymph nodes from human GC-derived B-NHL, i.e. Follicular Lymphoma (FL,10 cases), Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (6 cases) and Burkitt Lymphoma (3 cases). Tumor cells expressed IL-25R and IL-25 that was detected also in non-malignant cells by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed expression of IL-25R and IL-25 in FL cells, and highlighted IL-25 expression in bystander elements of the FL microenvironment. IL-25 i) up-regulated phosphorylation of NFkBp65, STAT-1 and JNK in B-NHL cells; ii) inhibited in vitro proliferation of the latter cells; iii) exerted anti-tumor activity in two in vivo B-NHL models by dampening expression of pro-angiogenic molecules as VEGF-C, CXCL6 and ANGPT3. In conclusion, IL-25, that is intrinsically pro-angiogenic, inhibits B-NHL growth by reprogramming the angiogenic phenotype of B-NHL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferretti
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology and Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, "G. d'Annunzio" University and Ce.SI-MeT, Aging Research Center, Pathological Anatomy and Immuno-Oncology Unit, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ognio
- Animal Facility, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulio Fraternali-Orcioni
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Corcione
- Laboratorio di Oncologia and Laboratorio malattie autoinfiammatorie e immudeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jean Louis Ravetti
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST - Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Laboratorio di Oncologia and Laboratorio malattie autoinfiammatorie e immudeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, and National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
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Park SK, Jin YD, Park YK, Yeon SH, Xu J, Han RN, Rha KS, Kim YM. IL-25-induced activation of nasal fibroblast and its association with the remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181806. [PMID: 28771607 PMCID: PMC5542454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Interleukin (IL)-25 has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes in the paranasal sinuses and are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of IL-25 on myofibroblast differentiation, ECM production and the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in nasal polyp derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) and to determine the molecular mechanism underlying these processes. Materials and methods A total of 40 patients were enrolled in this study for Immunofluorescence studies. Expression of IL17 receptor B was evaluated by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in NPDFs. NPDFs were stimulated with IL-25 for 48 h in the presence or absence of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB inhibitors or small interfering RNAs (siRNA). The protein levels of fibrosis active mediators were examined using western blotting. Fibroblast migration was evaluated with a scratch assay. The total collagen amount was analyzed with the Sircol collagen assay. Results IL-25 induced α-SMA, fibronectin, and MMP-1 and -13, which were dependent on IL-17RB. IL-25 also induced activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). By using the specific inhibitor of ERK, p38, JNK and NF-κB (U, SB, SP and Bay), we found that IL-25-induced expressions of α-SMA, fibronectin, and MMPs was regulated by the signaling pathways of MAPKs and NF-κB. IL-25 also induces α-SMA, fibronectin, and MMPs expression through IL-17RB-dependent pathways in NPDFs. The increased migration ability induced by IL-25 was suppressed by the specific inhibitors of MAPKs and NF-κB. Conclusion Our data indicate that IL-25 induced myofibroblast differentiation, fibronectin production, and MMP-1 and -13 expressions through the signaling pathways of MAPKs and NF-κB. in NPDFs and increased expression of IL-25 were also involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis by affecting nasal fibroblasts in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-De Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Yeong-Kyu Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Rui-Ning Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Ki-Sang Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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26
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Gelaleti GB, Borin TF, Maschio-Signorini LB, Moschetta MG, Jardim-Perassi BV, Calvinho GB, Facchini MC, Viloria-Petit AM, de Campos Zuccari DAP. Efficacy of melatonin, IL-25 and siIL-17B in tumorigenesis-associated properties of breast cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2017. [PMID: 28624391 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammary tumorigenesis can be modulated by melatonin, which has oncostatic action mediated by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of the activity of transcription factors such as NF-κB and modulation of interleukins (ILs) expression. IL-25 is an active cytokine that induces apoptosis in tumor cells due to differential expression of its receptor (IL-17RB). IL-17B competes with IL-25 for binding to IL-17RB in tumor cells, promoting tumorigenesis. This study purpose is to address the possibility of engaging IL-25/IL-17RB signaling to enhance the effect of melatonin on breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines were cultured monolayers and 3D structures and treated with melatonin, IL-25, siIL-17B, each alone or in combination. Cell viability, gene and protein expression of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and VEGF-A were performed by qPCR and immunofluorescence. In addition, an apoptosis membrane array was performed in metastatic cells. Treatments with melatonin and IL-25 significantly reduced tumor cells viability at 1mM and 1ng/mL, respectively, but did not alter cell viability of a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). All treatments, alone and combined, significantly increased cleaved caspase-3 in tumor cells grown as monolayers and 3D structures (p<0.05). Semi-quantitative analysis of apoptosis pathway proteins showed an increase of CYTO-C, DR6, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-5, IGFPB-6, IGF-1, IGF-1R, Livin, P21, P53, TNFRII, XIAP and hTRA proteins and reduction of caspase-3 (p<0.05) after melatonin treatment. All treatments reduced VEGF-A protein expression in tumor cells (p<0.05). Our results suggest therapeutic potential, with oncostatic effectiveness, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic properties for melatonin and IL-25-driven signaling in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thaiz Ferraz Borin
- Tumor Imaging Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.
| | - Larissa Bazela Maschio-Signorini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marina Gobbe Moschetta
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Victorasso Jardim-Perassi
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Berto Calvinho
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Castilho Facchini
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP/IBILCE), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Laboratório de Investigação Molecular do Câncer (LIMC), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Zhou J, Ren L, Chen D, Lin X, Huang S, Yin Y, Cao J. IL-17B is elevated in patients with pneumonia and mediates IL-8 production in bronchial epithelial cells. Clin Immunol 2017; 175:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Kuo SH, Tsai HJ, Lin CW, Yeh KH, Lee HW, Wei MF, Shun CT, Wu MS, Hsu PN, Chen LT, Cheng AL. The B-cell-activating factor signalling pathway is associated with Helicobacter pylori independence in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). J Pathol 2017; 241:420-433. [PMID: 27873317 DOI: 10.1002/path.4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that activation of the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) pathway upregulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and induces BCL3 and BCL10 nuclear translocation in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-independent gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tumours with evidence of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the significance of BAFF expression in HP independence of gastric low-grade MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) remains unexplored. Sixty-four patients who underwent successful HP eradication for localized HP-positive gastric MALT lymphomas without t(11;18)(q21;q21) were studied. BAFF expression was significantly higher in the HP-independent group than in the HP-dependent group [22/26 (84.6%) versus 8/38 (21.1%); p < 0.001]. Similarly, BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) expression (p = 0.004) and nuclear BCL3 (p = 0.004), BCL10 (p < 0.001), NF-κB (p65) (p = 0.001) and NF-κB (p52) (p = 0.005) expression were closely correlated with the HP independence of these tumours. Moreover, BAFF overexpression was significantly associated with BAFF-R expression and nuclear BCL3, BCL10, NF-κB (p65) and NF-κB (p52) expression. These findings were further validated in an independent cohort, including 40 HP-dependent cases and 18 HP-independent cases of gastric MALT lymphoma without t(11;18)(q21;q21). The biological significance of BAFF signalling in t(11;18)(q21;q21)-negative lymphoma cells was further studied in two types of lymphoma B cell: OCI-Ly3 [non-germinal centre B-cell origin DLBCL without t(11;18)(q21;q21) cell line] and MA-1 [t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1-positive DLBCL cell line]. In both cell lines, we found that BAFF activated the canonical NF-κB and AKT pathways, and induced the formation of BCL10-BCL3 complexes, which translocated to the nucleus. BCL10 and BCL3 nuclear translocation and NF-κB (p65) transactivation were inhibited by either LY294002 or by silencing BCL3 or BCL10 with small interfering RNA. BAFF also activated non-canonical NF-κB pathways (p52) through tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 degradation, NF-κB-inducing kinase accumulation, inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) α/β phosphorylation and NF-κB p100 processing in both cell lines. Our data indicate that the autocrine BAFF signal transduction pathway contributes to HP independence in gastric MALT lymphomas without the t(11;18)(q21;q21) translocation. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jen Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lee
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Wei
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
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Sharma J, Bhar S, Devi CS. A review on interleukins: The key manipulators in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2017; 27:723-746. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1266071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Sutonuka Bhar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Subathra Devi
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Senra L, Stalder R, Alvarez Martinez D, Chizzolini C, Boehncke WH, Brembilla NC. Keratinocyte-Derived IL-17E Contributes to Inflammation in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1970-1980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Tang W, Smith SG, Salter B, Oliveria JP, Mitchell P, Nusca GM, Howie K, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM, Sehmi R. Allergen-Induced Increases in Interleukin-25 and Interleukin-25 Receptor Expression in Mature Eosinophils from Atopic Asthmatics. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 170:234-242. [PMID: 27685606 DOI: 10.1159/000449248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-25 plays a pivotal role in type 2 immune responses. In a baseline cross-sectional study, we previously showed that IL-25 plasma levels and IL-25 receptor (IL-25R: IL-17RA, IL-17RB, and IL-17RA/RB) expression on mature blood eosinophils are increased in atopic asthmatics compared to normal nonatopic controls. This study investigated allergen-induced changes in IL-25 and IL-25R expression in eosinophils from asthmatics. METHODS Dual responder atopic asthmatics (n = 14) were enrolled in this randomized diluent-controlled crossover allergen challenge study. Blood was collected before and 24 h after the challenge. The surface expression of IL-25R was evaluated by flow cytometry on eosinophils and Th2 memory cells. In addition, plasma levels of IL-25 were measured by ELISA, and functional responses to IL-25 including type 2 cytokine expression, degranulation, and the migrational responsiveness of eosinophils were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Following the allergen but not the diluent inhalation challenge, significant increases in the expression of IL-17RB and IL-17RA/B were found on eosinophils but not on Th2 memory cells. IL-25 plasma levels and the number of eosinophils but not of Th2 memory cells expressing intracellular IL-25 increased significantly in response to the allergen but not the diluent challenge. Stimulation with physiologically relevant concentrations of IL-25 in vitro caused (i) degranulation of eosinophils (measured by eosinophil peroxidase release), (ii) enhanced intracellular expression of IL-5 and IL-13, and (iii) priming of eosinophil migration to eotaxin. IL-25 stimulated intracellular cytokine expression, and the migration of eosinophils was blocked in the presence of a neutralizing IL-25 antibody. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the IL-25/IL-25R axis may play an important role in promoting the recruitment and proinflammatory function of eosinophils in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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32
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Oliveira LCFD, Danilucci TM, Chaves-Neto AH, Campanelli AP, Silva TCCD, Oliveira SHP. Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by Stem Cell Factor-c-Kit Coordinate the Production of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Mediated by Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 3. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:401-11. [PMID: 27123814 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism involved in the stem cell factor (SCF)-induced production of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) in tracheal smooth muscle cells (tSMCs) and the signaling pathway involved in the process. tSMC primary cultures were stimulated with SCF and evaluated at 24 h. Cells treated with specific antibodies did not show any immunolabeling for cytokeratin or fibroblast activation protein, but were positive for α-smooth muscle actin, indicating the purity of the primary cell line. Western blot analysis showed constitutive phosphorylation of c-Kit, as well as increased total protein and phosphorylated c-Kit levels in tSMCs after SCF stimulation. Flow cytometry analysis also showed an increase in cell-surface c-Kit expression in the presence of SCF. SCF induced TGF-β mRNA expression in tSMCs, as well as the production of TGF-β1, CCL3, and FGF-2. Pretreatment with anti-CCL3 antibody blocked TGF-β1 expression and partially inhibited FGF-2 production. On the other hand, anti-c-Kit antibody blocked TGF-β1 expression and FGF-2 production. Thus, TGF-β1 and FGF-2 production were mediated by CCL3 production through c-Kit. Pretreatment with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1, p38, and Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors showed that the effects mediated by SCF were involved with the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Development of inhibitors targeting CCL3 through MAPK activation could thus be an attractive strategy to inhibit tSMC activation during asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cezar Farias de Oliveira
- 1 Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Taís Marolato Danilucci
- 1 Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Antonio Hernandes Chaves-Neto
- 1 Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- 2 Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, São Paulo University-USP , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina Cardoso da Silva
- 3 Laboratory of Animal Virology and Cell Culture, School of Medicine Veterinary of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- 1 Programa de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFis, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP , Araçatuba, Brazil
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Bredo G, Storie J, Shrestha Palikhe N, Davidson C, Adams A, Vliagoftis H, Cameron L. Interleukin-25 initiates Th2 differentiation of human CD4(+) T cells and influences expression of its own receptor. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:455-68. [PMID: 26734466 PMCID: PMC4693727 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human CRTh2+ Th2 cells express IL‐25 receptor (IL‐25R) and IL‐25 has been shown to potentiate production of Th2 cytokines. However, regulation of IL‐25R and whether it participates in Th2 differentiation of human cells have not been examined. We sought to characterize IL‐25R expression on CD4+ T cells and determine whether IL‐25 plays a role in Th2 differentiation. Naïve human CD4+ T cells were activated in the presence of IL‐25, IL‐4 (Th2 conditions) or both cytokines to assess their relative influence on Th2 differentiation. For experiments with differentiated Th2 cells, CRTh2‐expressing cells were isolated from differentiating cultures. IL‐25R, GATA3, CRTh2 and Th2 cytokine expression were assessed by flow cytometry, qRT‐PCR and ELISA. Expression of surface IL‐25R was induced early during Th2 differentiation (2 days). Addition of IL‐25 to naïve CD4+ T cells revealed that it induces expression of its own receptor, more strongly than IL‐4. IL‐25 also increased the proportions of IL‐4‐, GATA3‐ and CRTh2‐expressing cells and expression of IL‐5 and IL‐13. Activation of differentiated CRTh2+ Th2 cells through the TCR or by CRTh2 agonist increased surface expression of IL‐25R, though re‐expression of CRTh2 following TCR downregulation was impeded by IL‐25. These data suggest that IL‐25 may play various roles in Th2 mediated immunity. We establish here it regulates expression of its own receptor and can initiate Th2 differentiation, though not as strongly as IL‐4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Bredo
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Jessica Storie
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Courtney Davidson
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Alexis Adams
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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miR-744 enhances type I interferon signaling pathway by targeting PTP1B in primary human renal mesangial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12987. [PMID: 26259828 PMCID: PMC4531339 DOI: 10.1038/srep12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal mesangial cells (RMCs) constitute a population of cells in glomerular mesangium. Inflammatory cytokines produced by RMCs play a vital role in renal inflammation. miRNAs are key regulators of inflammatory cytokine expression. The abnormal expression of renal miRNAs and the consequent changes in inflammatory signal transduction are closely associated with renal inflammation. However, our knowledge of the functions of renal miRNAs is still limited. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-744 in type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway in primary human RMCs. We show that overexpression of miR-744 enhances IFN-induced CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, and IL6 expression specifically in RMCs. We found that the activation of TYK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was significantly enhanced by miR-744. miR-744 also enhanced the activation of non-classical signal components, such as ERK and p38. We then identified PTP1B, a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase, as the target of miR-744 that is responsible for enhancing type I IFN response. Finally, miR-744 expression was induced by type I IFN in RMCs. Collectively, our data indicate that by targeting PTP1B, miR-744 plays a feed-forward role in regulating type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings give us new insights into the functions of renal miRNAs in regulating important signaling pathways.
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35
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Reynolds JM, Lee YH, Shi Y, Wang X, Angkasekwinai P, Nallaparaju KC, Flaherty S, Chang SH, Watarai H, Dong C. Interleukin-17B Antagonizes Interleukin-25-Mediated Mucosal Inflammation. Immunity 2015; 42:692-703. [PMID: 25888259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines has emerged as a critical player in inflammatory diseases. Among them, IL-25 has been shown to be important in allergic inflammation and protection against parasitic infection. Here we have demonstrated that IL-17B, a poorly understood cytokine, functions to inhibit IL-25-driven inflammation. IL-17B and IL-25, both binding to the interleukin-17 receptor B (IL-17RB), were upregulated in their expression after acute colonic inflammation. Individual inhibition of these cytokines revealed opposing functions in colon inflammation: IL-25 was pathogenic but IL-17B was protective. Similarly opposing phenotypes were observed in Citrobacter rodentium infection and allergic asthma. Moreover, IL-25 was found to promote IL-6 production from colon epithelial cells, which was inhibited by IL-17B. Therefore, our data demonstrate that IL-17B is an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the IL-17 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Young-Hee Lee
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pornpimon Angkasekwinai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kalyan C Nallaparaju
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Stephanie Flaherty
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Seon Hee Chang
- Department of Immunology and Center for Inflammation and Cancer, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Simon D, Radonjic-Hösli S, Straumann A, Yousefi S, Simon HU. Active eosinophilic esophagitis is characterized by epithelial barrier defects and eosinophil extracellular trap formation. Allergy 2015; 70:443-52. [PMID: 25620273 DOI: 10.1111/all.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) exhibits esophageal dysfunction owing to an eosinophil-predominant inflammation. Activated eosinophils generate eosinophil extracellular traps (EETs) able to kill bacteria. There is evidence of an impaired barrier function in EoE that might allow pathogens to invade the esophagus. This study aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of EETs in esophageal tissues from EoE patients and their association with possible epithelial barrier defects. METHODS Anonymized tissue samples from 18 patients with active EoE were analyzed. The presence of DNA nets associated with eosinophil granule proteins forming EETs and the expression of filaggrin, the protease inhibitor lympho-epithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor (LEKTI), antimicrobial peptides, and cytokines were evaluated by confocal microscopy following immune fluorescence staining techniques. RESULTS Eosinophil extracellular trap formation occurred frequently and was detected in all EoE samples correlating with the numbers of infiltrating eosinophils. While the expression of both filaggrin and LEKTI was reduced, epithelial antimicrobial peptides (human beta-defensin-2, human beta-defensin-3, cathelicidin LL-37, psoriasin) and cytokines (TSLP, IL-25, IL-32, IL-33) were elevated in EoE as compared to normal esophageal tissues. There was a significant correlation between EET formation and TSLP expression (P = 0.02) as well as psoriasin expression (P = 0.016). On the other hand, a significant negative correlation was found between EET formation and LEKTI expression (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Active EoE exhibits the presence of EETs. Indications of epithelial barrier defects in association with epithelial cytokines are also present which may have contributed to the activation of eosinophils. The formation of EETs could serve as a firewall against the invasion of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Simon
- Department of Dermatology; Inselspital, Bern University Hospital; Bern Switzerland
| | | | | | - S. Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - H.-U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Valizadeh A, Khosravi A, Zadeh LJ, Parizad EG. Role of IL-25 in Immunity. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:OE01-4. [PMID: 26023586 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12235.5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 a 2o KDa protein mostly known as IL-17E, encoded by chromosome 14, and containing 117 amino acids. Cytokine IL-17 family consists of 6 members; IL-17A to IL-17F, among which IL-25 has a unique structure and function. The receptor of IL-25 (IL-17BR) is highly expressed in the main Th2 cells. IL-25 regulates the internal safety of adaptive immune responses which leads to begin allergic diseases and plays a role in stimulation of pulmonary mucosal cells and fibroblasts. IL-25 can also have some effects on production of other cytokines. For instance, production of IL-25 in human and mice or injection of IL-25 to animals has resulted in production of high concentrations of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Pilot studies have shown that mRNA of IL-25 has a high expression in Th2 cells. However, the mechanism through which IL-25 leads to Th2 immune response is still unknown. Reaction between IL-25 and IL-17BR leads to activation of transcription factors, such as NF-KB, STAT6, GATA3, NF-ATC1, JUNNB, MAPK, and JNK. IL-25 has been used against the kidney damage in mice. A large number of researchers in various countries, including the U.S. and Taiwan, have stated that IL-25 is a strong inflammatory cytokine protein which is involved in allergic inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Valizadeh
- PhD Student in Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Afra Khosravi
- Associate Professor, Department of Immunology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Layla Jafar Zadeh
- PhD Student, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
| | - Elaheh Gholami Parizad
- PhD Student in Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences , Ilam, Iran
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Wu L, Zepp JA, Qian W, Martin BN, Ouyang W, Yin W, Bunting KD, Aronica M, Erzurum S, Li X. A novel IL-25 signaling pathway through STAT5. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4528-34. [PMID: 25821217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-25 is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines that promotes Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory responses. IL-25 signals through a heterodimeric receptor (IL-25R) composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RB, which recruits the adaptor molecule Act1 for downstream signaling. Although the role of IL-25 in potentiating type 2 inflammation is well characterized by its ability to activate the epithelium as well as T cells, the components of its signaling cascade remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that IL-25 can directly activate STAT5 independently of Act1. Furthermore, conditional STAT5 deletion in T cells or epithelial cells led to a defective IL-25-initiated Th2 polarization as well as defective IL-25 enhancement of Th2 responses. Finally, we found that STAT5 is recruited to the IL-25R in a ligand-dependent manner through unique tyrosine residues on IL-17RB. Together, these findings reveal a novel Act1-independent IL-25 signaling pathway through STAT5 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jarod A Zepp
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Bradley N Martin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Weiguo Yin
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Kevin D Bunting
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Mucosal Eosinophils. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li MQ, Fan DX, Wang XH, Li DJ, Jin LP. Interleukin-25 induced by human chorionic gonadotropin promotes the proliferation of decidual stromal cells by activation of JNK and AKT signal pathways. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:257-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Hallstrand TS, Hackett TL, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G, Hansbro PM, Knight DA. Airway epithelial regulation of pulmonary immune homeostasis and inflammation. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:1-15. [PMID: 24503171 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic, structural and functional studies have identified the airway and lung epithelium as a key orchestrator of the immune response. Further, there is now strong evidence that epithelium dysfunction is involved in the development of inflammatory disorders of the lung. Here we review the characteristic immune responses that are orchestrated by the epithelium in response to diverse triggers such as pollutants, cigarette smoke, bacterial peptides, and viruses. We focus in part on the role of epithelium-derived interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), as well as CC family chemokines as critical regulators of the immune response. We cite examples of the function of the epithelium in host defense and the role of epithelium dysfunction in the development of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teal S Hallstrand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William A Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gustavo Matute-Bello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Tang W, Smith SG, Beaudin S, Dua B, Howie K, Gauvreau G, O'Byrne PM. IL-25 and IL-25 receptor expression on eosinophils from subjects with allergic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 163:5-10. [PMID: 24247484 DOI: 10.1159/000355331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is an inflammatory airway disease in which Th2 cytokines play an important role. Epithelial-derived interleukin (IL)-25 has been suggested to be important in the maintenance of Th2-type responses. The effects of IL-25 are mediated by the IL-25 receptor, composed of two subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RB. Eosinophils are effector cells in allergic asthma. The role of IL-25 in eosinophil function is unknown. This study examined the expression of IL-25 and its receptor on eosinophils in allergic asthmatics compared to atopic nonasthmatics and normal controls. METHODS The expression of IL-25, IL-17RA and IL-17RB on eosinophils, and levels of plasma IL-25 were measured in 14 normal control subjects, 15 atopic nonasthmatics and 14 mild allergic asthmatics. RESULTS The expression of IL-17RB on eosinophils was significantly higher in allergic asthmatics (43.08%, range 33.96-59.98%) than in atopic nonasthmatics (11.98%, range 6.33-27.11%, p = 0.002) and normal controls (17.70%, range 10.97-38.9%, p = 0.01). IL-17RA expression was also significantly higher in the allergic asthmatic group. No differences were observed in the intracellular expression of IL-25. The concentration of IL-25 in plasma was significantly increased in the allergic asthmatics (145 ng/ml, range 64-290 ng/ml) when compared to the normal controls (21 ng/ml, range 0-116 ng/ml, p = 0.012), but not compared to atopic nonasthmatics. There was a significant negative correlation between FEV1 % predicted and the IL-25 level in the plasma (r = -0.443, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The increased IL-25 levels in plasma and the expression of IL-17RA and IL-17RB on eosinophils in allergic asthma patients suggests that IL-25 may activate eosinophils during allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada
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He L, Wong CK, Cheung KK, Yau HC, Fu A, Zhao HL, Leung KM, Kong AP, Wong GW, Chan PK, Xu G, Chan JC. Anti-inflammatory effects of exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, on human peripheral lymphocytes in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2013; 4:382-92. [PMID: 24843684 PMCID: PMC4020234 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Type 2 diabetes is characterized by dysregulation of immunity, oxidative stress and reduced incretin effects. Experimental studies suggest that glucagon‐like peptide (GLP‐1) might have immunomodulating effects. We hypothesize that GLP‐1 receptor agonist, exendin‐4, might reduce inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) sampled from 10 type 2 diabetes and 10 sex‐ and age‐matched control subjects and supernatants from PBMC culture, the expression of phospho‐mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in CD4+ T helper lymphocytes and monocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cytokines/chemokines and superoxide anion before and after treatment with exendin‐4 were measured by cytometric bead array and chemiluminesence assay, respectively. Results Compared with control subjects, PBMC from type 2 diabetes patients showed activated MAPK (P38, c‐Jun NH2‐terminal protein kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase) signaling pathway, elevated superoxide anion, increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6) and chemokines (CCL5/regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted and CXCL10/interferon‐γ‐induced protein 10). These changes were attenuated by exendin‐4, possibly through the suppression of p38 MAPK. Conclusions These results suggest that exendin‐4 might downregulate pro‐inflammatory responses and reduce oxidative stress by suppressing MAPK signaling pathways in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kitty Kt Cheung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ho Chung Yau
- Department of Pediatrics Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Anthony Fu
- Department of Pediatrics Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hai-Lu Zhao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Karen Ml Leung
- Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Alice Ps Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gary Wk Wong
- Department of Pediatrics Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Paul Ks Chan
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Juliana Cn Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China ; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong SAR China
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Goldeck D, Low I, Shadan NB, Mustafah S, Pawelec G, Larbi A. Multi-parametric phospho-flow cytometry: a crucial tool for T lymphocyte signaling studies. Cytometry A 2013; 83:265-72. [PMID: 23359365 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tools such as protein immunoblotting have proven benefits for investigating T lymphocyte signaling but have several drawbacks such as the number of cells required and the difficulty of distinguishing subset-specific differences without expensive and invasive cell sorting. Recent advances in immunology and the identification of T lymphocyte sub-populations making up only a very small fraction of the total population highlight the importance of studying signaling in those small subsets in a feasible, cost-effective, high-throughput manner. To this end, we have developed a simplified protocol to study both intracellular phosphorylation patterns of important signal transduction molecules concomitantly with T cell surface marker expression. A multi-parametric analysis may allow the quantification of the phosphorylation of up to five signaling molecules in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and their naïve, central memory, effector memory, and TEMRA subsets. This enables precise identification of subset-specific signaling and alterations of signaling pathways in physiological and pathological situations. The importance of such detailed analysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldeck
- Center for Medical Research ZMF, Tübingen Aging and Tumor Immunology group, Tübingen, Germany
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Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms on Interleukin 17 receptor A (IL17RA) gene with aspirin hypersensitivity in asthmatics. Hum Immunol 2012; 74:598-606. [PMID: 23220496 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on IL17RA gene with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD) and the functional effect of these variants on expression of IL17RA gene products. MATERIAL & METHODS 15 SNPs of IL17RA gene were analyzed in 825 normal controls and 143 subjects with AERD and 411 with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) and functionally characterized using measurement of protein and m-RNA expression. RESULT Minor alleles frequencies of the three SNPs (-1075 A>G, -947 A>G, -50 C>T) and one haplotype (BL1_ht1) were significantly lower in AERD compared to those in ATA (p(corr)=0.002-0.03). IL17RA protein expression and mRNA amount in CD14(+) peripheral blood monocytes and mononuclear cells were significantly increased in subjects carrying the common alleles homozygote compared with those carrying the minor alleles. CONCLUSIONS The minor alleles of the three SNPs may decrease the risk of AERD via attenuation of IL17RA gene expression.
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Wang W, Fan YQ, Lv Z, Yao XJ, Wang W, Huang KW, Meng Q, Fang CL, Lee TH, Corrigan CJ, An YQ, Ying S. Interleukin-25 promotes basic fibroblast growth factor expression by human endothelial cells through interaction with IL-17RB, but not IL-17RA. Clin Exp Allergy 2012; 42:1604-14. [PMID: 23106660 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike other IL-17 family members, the Th2-derived cytokine IL-25 (IL-17E) induces (promotes) Th2 responses. One or both of the two receptors for IL-25 (IL-17RA, IL-17RB) is expressed on inflammatory cells and tissue structural cells, suggesting that in addition to promoting Th2-type inflammation IL-25 may also act on structural cells at sites of Th2-type inflammation such as in the asthmatic bronchial mucosa to promote remodelling changes. OBJECTIVE Our previous studies showed elevated expression of IL-25 and IL-17RB immunoreactivity in asthmatic airways with co-localization of the latter to endothelial cells. We therefore hypothesized that IL-25 acts on endothelial cells through this receptor to induce production of the key angiogenic and remodelling cytokine basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) immunocytochemistry/immunohistochemistry and ELISA were employed to detect expression of IL-17RB, IL-17RA and bFGF by human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and immunoreactivity for IL-25 and bFGF in asthmatic bronchial biopsies. Receptor-blocking antibodies, PCR and an in vitro angiogenesis assay were used to investigate whether IL-25 acts on IL-17RB or IL-17RA to induce bFGF expression and angiogenesis. PCR was also employed to investigate the signalling pathways involved in IL-25-mediated bFGF expression. RESULTS HUVEC constitutively expressed IL-17RB, IL-17RA and bFGF. Production of the latter was further increased by IL-25, but attenuated after blockade of the IL-17RB, but not the IL-17RA receptor. Neutralization of endogenous VEGF and bFGF completely abrogated IL-25-induced angiogenesis which was also inhibited by blocking IL-17RB, but not IL-17RA. The PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 also completely attenuated IL-25-induced bFGF expression. Immunoreactivity for IL-25 and bFGF was elevated in the asthmatic bronchial mucosa and the expression of each correlated with the other. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data support the hypothesis that IL-25 contributes to elevated bFGF in asthmatic airways by acting on the endothelial cell IL-17RB receptor through PI3K-signalling pathways. Targeting the pathways might benefit therapy of airways remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lentiviral-mediated administration of IL-25 in the CNS induces alternative activation of microglia. Gene Ther 2012; 20:487-96. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wong CH, Mak GWY, Li MS, Tsui SKW. The LIM-only protein FHL2 regulates interleukin-6 expression through p38 MAPK mediated NF-κB pathway in muscle cells. Cytokine 2012; 59:286-93. [PMID: 22633286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is pleiotropic cytokine playing an important role in inflammatory response. Other than classical immune tissues, IL-6 is also produced in muscle cells under specific conditions. Four-and-a-half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) is preferentially expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells compared to other tissues indicating it has an important role in skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system. In this report, the regulation of IL-6 by FHL2 in muscle cells was investigated. We demonstrated that FHL2 overexpression increased IL-6 mRNA level and its protein secretion in skeletal myoblasts. In contrast, the IL-6 secretion was significantly decreased after FHL2-knockdown by siRNA in response to TNFα stimulation. We further showed that FHL2-mediated induction of IL-6 was regulated by the activation of IL-6 promoter through stimulating NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our results further illustrated the molecular mechanisms of IL-6 production, which provides new insights in the roles of FHL2 in post-injury inflammation or cytoprotection of muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Bartemes KR, Kita H. Dynamic role of epithelium-derived cytokines in asthma. Clin Immunol 2012; 143:222-35. [PMID: 22534317 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by infiltration of mast cells, eosinophils, and Th2-type CD4+ T cells in the airway wall. Airway epithelium constitutes the first line of interaction with our atmospheric environment. The protective barrier function of the airway epithelium is likely impaired in asthma. Furthermore, recent studies suggest critical immunogenic and immunomodulatory functions of airway epithelium. In particular, a triad of cytokines, including IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP, is produced and released by airway epithelial cells in response to various environmental and microbial stimuli or by cellular damage. These cytokines induce and promote Th2-type airway inflammation and cause remodeling and pathological changes in the airway walls, suggesting their pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of asthma. Thus, the airway epithelium can no longer be regarded as a mere structural barrier, but must be considered an active player in the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bartemes
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Popova A, Kzhyshkowska J, Nurgazieva D, Goerdt S, Gratchev A. Smurf2 regulates IL17RB by proteasomal degradation of its novel binding partner DAZAP2. Immunobiology 2012; 217:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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