1
|
Zhang X, Li A, Zhu Y, Liu F, Zhao D, Tang H, Xu C. Effect of stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 (SCD1) on the function of mast cells. J Asthma 2024; 61:707-716. [PMID: 38315158 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of childhood asthma and obesity is increasing, while obesity increases the risk and severity of asthma. Lipid metabolism has been considered as an important factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated asthma. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA).Methods: In the present study, the microarray data retrieved from the Gene Expression Comprehensive Database (GEO) was analyzed to further clarify the impact of SCD1 on Mast cell activation related lipid mediators and the correlation between SCD1 and obesity asthma in the population.Results: SCD1 was highly expressed in IgE-activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Meanwhile, SCD1 was also verified expressed highly in dinitrophenyl human serum albumin (DNP-HAS) stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. The expression of SCD1 was up-regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes of asthmatic children, and was positively correlated with skinfold thickness of upper arm, abdominal skinfold and body mass index (BMI). Inhibition of SCD1 expression significantly suppressed the degranulation, lipid mediator production, as well as the migration ability in DNP-HAS-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells.Conclusion: SCD1 is involved in obese-related asthma through regulating mast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deyu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changdi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mendes FC, Garcia-Larsen V, Moreira A. Obesity and Asthma: Implementing a Treatable Trait Care Model. Clin Exp Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38938020 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Recognition of obesity as a treatable trait of asthma, impacting its development, clinical presentation and management, is gaining widespread acceptance. Obesity is a significant risk factor and disease modifier for asthma, complicating treatment. Epidemiological evidence highlights that obese asthma correlates with poorer disease control, increased severity and persistence, compromised lung function and reduced quality of life. Various mechanisms contribute to the physiological and clinical complexities observed in individuals with obesity and asthma. These encompass different immune responses, including Type IVb, where T helper 2 cells are pivotal and driven by cytokines like interleukins 4, 5, 9 and 13, and Type IVc, characterised by T helper 17 cells and Type 3 innate lymphoid cells producing interleukin 17, which recruits neutrophils. Additionally, Type V involves immune response dysregulation with significant activation of T helper 1, 2 and 17 responses. Finally, Type VI is recognised as metabolic-induced immune dysregulation associated with obesity. Body mass index (BMI) stands out as a biomarker of a treatable trait in asthma, readily identifiable and targetable, with significant implications for disease management. There exists a notable gap in treatment options for individuals with obese asthma, where asthma management guidelines lack specificity. For example, there is currently no evidence supporting the use of incretin mimetics to improve asthma outcomes in asthmatic individuals without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we advocate for integrating BMI into asthma care models by establishing clear target BMI goals, promoting sustainable weight loss via healthy dietary choices and physical activity and implementing regular reassessment and referral as necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Castro Mendes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional Em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - André Moreira
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório Para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional Em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xu J, Shu S, Wang P, Ding S, Huang Y, Zheng L, Yang Y, Xiong C. Promising dawn in the management of pulmonary hypertension: The mystery veil of gut microbiota. IMETA 2024; 3:e159. [PMID: 38882495 PMCID: PMC11170974 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract, which plays a vital role in human health. It is intricately involved in the metabolism, and it also affects diverse physiological processes. The gut-lung axis is a bidirectional pathway between the gastrointestinal tract and the lungs. Recent research has shown that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in immune response regulation in the lungs and the development of lung diseases. In this review, we present the interrelated factors concerning gut microbiota and the associated metabolites in pulmonary hypertension (PH), a lethal disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular pressure and resistance. Our research team explored the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases and established the correlation between metabolites such as putrescine, succinate, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and N, N, N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid with the diseases. Furthermore, we found that specific metabolites, such as TMAO and betaine, have significant clinical value in PH, suggesting their potential as biomarkers in disease management. In detailing the interplay between the gut microbiota, their metabolites, and PH, we underscored the potential therapeutic approaches modulating this microbiota. Ultimately, we endeavor to alleviate the substantial socioeconomic burden associated with this disease. This review presents a unique exploratory analysis of the link between gut microbiota and PH, intending to propel further investigations in the gut-lung axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Nephrology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Songren Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Peizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
- Center for Molecular Cardiology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Shusi Ding
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection The Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Changming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morimoto C, Matsumoto H, Nomura N, Sunadome H, Nagasaki T, Sato S, Sato A, Oguma T, Ito I, Kogo M, Tomii K, Tajiri T, Ohashi K, Tsukahara T, Hirai T. Sputum microbiota and inflammatory subtypes in asthma, COPD, and its overlap. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100194. [PMID: 38155860 PMCID: PMC10753087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Airway microbiota in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) remains unknown. Objective This study with ACO-enriched population aimed to clarify airway microbiota in ACO and in mixed granulocytic inflammation, often detected in ACO and chronic airway diseases. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study. Patients with asthma with airflow limitation, ACO, and COPD were enrolled. Blood tests, pulmonary function, exhaled nitric oxide, and sputum tests were conducted. Sputum microbiota was evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique. Results A total of 112 patients (13 asthma, 67 ACO, and 32 COPD) were examined. There were no significant differences in α-diversity among the 3 diseases. The relative abundances of phylum Bacteroidetes, class Bacteroidia, and genus Porphyromonas were associated with decreased eosinophilic inflammation, and were significantly lower in ACO than in COPD. In a comparison of sputum inflammatory subtypes, the proportion of Haemophilus was numerically highest in the mixed granulocytic subtype, followed by the neutrophilic subtype. Likewise, the proportion of Haemophilus was the highest in the intermediate-high (2%-8%) sputum eosinophil group and lowest in the severe (≥8%) eosinophil group. Clinically, Haemophilus proportion was associated with sputum symptoms. Finally, the proportion of Streptococcus was associated with higher blood eosinophil counts and most severe airflow limitation. Conclusions Bacteroidia and Porphyromonas abundances in sputum are associated with the eosinophil-low phenotype, and ACO may be characterized by a decrease in these taxa. A mild elevation in sputum eosinophil does not preclude the presence of Haemophilus, which should be noted in the management of obstructive airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisako Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Nomura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sunadome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Nagasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Oguma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isao Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Kogo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tomii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tajiri
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kai Ohashi
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, Inc, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tashiro H, Kurihara Y, Kuwahara Y, Takahashi K. Impact of obesity in asthma: Possible future therapies. Allergol Int 2024; 73:48-57. [PMID: 37659887 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the factors associated with the severity of asthma. Obesity is associated with aggravation of the pathophysiology of asthma, including exacerbations, airway inflammation, decreased pulmonary function, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The present review addresses the characteristics of asthma with obesity, focusing especially on the heterogeneity caused by the degree of type 2 inflammation, sex differences, the onset of asthma, and race differences. To understand the severity mechanisms in asthma and obesity, such as corticosteroid resistance, fatty acids, gut microbiome, and cytokines, several basic research studies are evaluated. Finally, possible future therapies, including weight reduction, microbiome-targeted therapies, and other molecular targeted therapies are addressed. We believe that the present review will contribute to better understanding of the severity mechanisms and the establishment of novel treatments for severe asthma patients with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kurihara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuwahara
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pathak MP, Patowary P, Chattopadhyay P, Barbhuiyan PA, Islam J, Gogoi J, Wankhar W. Obesity-associated Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Mechanisms Underlying Inflammatory Markers and Possible Pharmacological Interventions. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1053-1068. [PMID: 37957906 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256440231028072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly becoming a global health problem affecting about 13% of the world's population affecting women and children the most. Recent studies have stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, encounter severe symptoms, respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs, and ultimately their quality-of-life decreases. Although, the association between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and obesity is a growing concern among the public due to lifestyle and environmental etiologies, however, the precise mechanism underlying this association is yet to establish. Apart from aiming at the conventional antiasthmatic targets, treatment should be directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis too. Understanding the pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and AHR is limited, however, a plethora of obesity pathologies have been reported viz., increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, NLRP3 associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, and down-regulation of UCP1 in BAT following down-regulated AMPKα and melanocortin pathway that may be correlated with AHR. Increased waist circumference (WC) or central obesity was thought to be related to severe AHR, however, some recent reports suggest body mass index (BMI), not WC tends to exaggerate airway closure in AHR due to some unknown mechanisms. This review aims to co-relate the above-mentioned mechanisms that may explain the copious relation underlying obesity and AHR with the help of published reports. A proper understanding of these mechanisms discussed in this review will ensure an appropriate treatment plan for patients through advanced pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | | | | | - Johirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, India
| | - Jyotchna Gogoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Wankupar Wankhar
- Department of Dialysis, Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barosova R, Baranovicova E, Hanusrichterova J, Mokra D. Metabolomics in Animal Models of Bronchial Asthma and Its Translational Importance for Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:459. [PMID: 38203630 PMCID: PMC10779398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is an extremely heterogenous chronic respiratory disorder with several distinct endotypes and phenotypes. These subtypes differ not only in the pathophysiological changes and/or clinical features but also in their response to the treatment. Therefore, precise diagnostics represent a fundamental condition for effective therapy. In the diagnostic process, metabolomic approaches have been increasingly used, providing detailed information on the metabolic alterations associated with human asthma. Further information is brought by metabolomic analysis of samples obtained from animal models. This article summarizes the current knowledge on metabolomic changes in human and animal studies of asthma and reveals that alterations in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle found in the animal studies resemble, to a large extent, the changes found in human patients with asthma. The findings indicate that, despite the limitations of animal modeling in asthma, pre-clinical testing and metabolomic analysis of animal samples may, together with metabolomic analysis of human samples, contribute to a novel way of personalized treatment of asthma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Barosova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Juliana Hanusrichterova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia; (R.B.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren Y, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Yu J, Zhang Q, Xiao X. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affecting Intergenerational Glucose Metabolism: Possible Mechanisms and Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4551. [PMID: 37960204 PMCID: PMC10648599 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing every year and has become a serious public health problem. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors in early life development are risk factors for diabetes. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota plays an important role in glucose metabolism, and the gut microbiota of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) differs significantly from that of healthy pregnant women. This article reviews the role of maternal gut microbiota in offspring glucose metabolism. To explore the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects glucose metabolism in offspring, we summarize clinical studies and experimental animal models that support the hypothesis that the gut microbiota affects glucose metabolism in offspring from dams with GDM and discuss interventions that could improve glucose metabolism in offspring. Given that adverse pregnancy outcomes severely impact the quality of survival, reversing the deleterious effects of abnormal glucose metabolism in offspring through early intervention is important for both mothers and their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Y.R.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (J.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, The Translational Medicine Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodrigues M, de Castro Mendes F, Padrão P, Delgado L, Paciência I, Barros R, Rufo JC, Silva D, Moreira A, Moreira P. Mediterranean Diet and Airway Inflammation in School-Aged Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1305. [PMID: 37628304 PMCID: PMC10453938 DOI: 10.3390/children10081305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
There seems to exist an intricate relationship between airway inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and diet. The intake of specific foods or food groups has been suggested to suppress the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes that characterize airway inflammation, but little is known about dietary patterns and their complex interplay with BMI and airway inflammation. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a characteristic European diet, and levels of airway inflammation in school-aged children, taking into account their BMI. This cross-sectional analysis comprised 660 children: 49.1% females, 7-12 years old. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the alternate Mediterranean score (aMED). Higher scores represent a healthier diet (0-8). Airway inflammation was assessed measuring exhaled fractional nitric oxide (eNO). Two categories of BMI were considered: non-overweight/non-obese (p < 85th) and overweight/obese (p ≥ 85th). The associations between diet and airway inflammation were estimated using logistic regression models. Higher scores of the aMED were associated with decreased odds of having eNO ≥ 35 ppb, but only in non-overweight/non-obese children (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.97). For overweight/obese children, the previous association was not significant (OR = 1.57, 95% CI, 0.88-2.79). Our findings suggest that adherence to the MD is associated with lower levels of airway inflammation among non-overweight/non-obese children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Francisca de Castro Mendes
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Luís Delgado
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS@RISE) , Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Paciência
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), Population Health, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Renata Barros
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Diana Silva
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Basic and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (F.d.C.M.); (L.D.); (D.S.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Immuno-Allergology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.); (P.M.)
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roshan Lal T, Cechinel LR, Freishtat R, Rastogi D. Metabolic Contributions to Pathobiology of Asthma. Metabolites 2023; 13:212. [PMID: 36837831 PMCID: PMC9962059 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous disorder driven by inflammatory mechanisms that result in multiple phenotypes. Given the complex nature of this condition, metabolomics is being used to delineate the pathobiology of asthma. Metabolomics is the study of metabolites in biology, which includes biofluids, cells, and tissues. These metabolites have a vital role in a disease as they contribute to the pathogenesis of said condition. This review describes how macrometabolic and micrometabolic studies pertaining to these metabolites have contributed to our current understanding of asthma, as well as its many phenotypes. One of the main phenotypes this review will discuss in further detail is obesity as well as diabetes. Distinct roles of metabolites in endotyping asthma and their translation to potential therapy development for asthma is also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Roshan Lal
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Robert Freishtat
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reyes-Angel J, Kaviany P, Rastogi D, Forno E. Obesity-related asthma in children and adolescents. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:713-724. [PMID: 35988550 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial epidemiological and experimental evidence of an obesity-related asthma phenotype. Compared to children of healthy weight, children with obesity are at higher risk of asthma. Children with obesity who have asthma have greater severity and poorer control of their asthma symptoms, more frequent asthma exacerbations, and overall lower asthma-related quality of life than children with asthma who have a healthy weight. In this Review, we examine some of the latest evidence on the characteristics of this phenotype and its main underlying mechanisms, including genetics and genomics, changes in airway mechanics and lung function, sex hormone differences, alterations in immune responses, systemic and airway inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and modifications in the microbiome. We also review current recommendations for the treatment of these children, including in the management of their asthma, and current evidence for weight loss interventions. We then discuss initial evidence for potential novel therapeutic approaches, such as dietary modifications and supplements, antidiabetic medications, and statins. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and future directions to improve our understanding of asthma in children with obesity, and to improve outcomes in these susceptible children. We highlight important needs, such as designing paediatric-specific studies, implementing large multicentric trials with standardised interventions and outcomes, and including racial and ethnic groups along with other under-represented populations that are particularly affected by obesity and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Reyes-Angel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Parisa Kaviany
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suzuki Y, Aono Y, Akiyama N, Horiike Y, Naoi H, Horiguchi R, Shibata K, Hozumi H, Karayama M, Furuhashi K, Enomoto N, Fujisawa T, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T. Involvement of autophagy in exacerbation of eosinophilic airway inflammation in a murine model of obese asthma. Autophagy 2022; 18:2216-2228. [PMID: 35098856 PMCID: PMC9397451 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2025571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common comorbidity in patients with asthma, and obese asthma patients present the most refractory phenotype among patients with severe asthma. Similar to the observations in non-obese asthma patients, clinical studies have revealed heterogeneity in obese asthma patients, including the occurrences of T helper (Th)2-high and Th2-low phenotypes. However, the mechanisms underlying obesity-related asthma are not completely understood. Though macroautophagy/autophagy is involved in asthma and obesity, its role in obesity-associated asthma is unknown. We hypothesized that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of obese asthma. For our investigations, we used high-fat diet-induced Atg5 (autophagy related 5)-deficient mice and epithelial cell-specific atg5−/− (Scgb1a1/CCSP-atg5−/−) obesity-induced mice. House dust mite (HDM)-sensitized atg5−/− obese mice exhibited marked eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), compared to wild-type (WT) obese mice. Analyses of atg5−/− obese mice showed increased levels of Th2 cells but not ILC2s together with elevated expression of Th2 cytokines in the lung. In response to the HDM challenge, activated epithelial autophagy was observed in lean but not obese WT mice. Epithelium-specific deletion of Atg5 induced eosinophilic inflammation in Scgb1a1/CCSP-atg5−/− obese mice, and genetic analyses of epithelial cells from HDM-immunized atg5−/− obesity-induced mice showed an elevated expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL33. Notably, HDM-sensitized atg5−/− mice developed TSLP- and IL33-dependent eosinophilic inflammation and AHR. Our results suggest that autophagy contributes to the exacerbation of eosinophilic inflammation in obese asthma. Modulations of autophagy may be a therapeutic target in obesity-associated asthma. Abbreviations: AHR: airway hyper-reactivity; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; Cdyn: dynamic compliance; BM: bone marrow; HDM: house dust mite; HFD: high-fat diet; ILC2s: type 2 innate lymphocyte cells; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RL: lung resistance; TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TCC: total cell count; WT: wild type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Suzuki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuya Aono
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Norimichi Akiyama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuoki Horiike
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hyogo Naoi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Horiguchi
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Shibata
- Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hironao Hozumi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masato Karayama
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuki Furuhashi
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang Y, Lin F, Tang R, Bao C, Zhou Q, Ye K, Shen Y, Liu C, Hong C, Yang K, Tang H, Wang J, Lu W, Wang T. Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Aggravates Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:452-460. [PMID: 35100519 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0414oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from intestine microbial flora, enhances vascular inflammation in a variety of cardiovascular disease, and the bacterial communities associated with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism is higher in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. The effects of TMAO on PH, however, has not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that circulating TMAO was elevated in intermediate to high-risk PH patients when compared to healthy control or low-risk PH patients. In monocrotaline-induced rat PH models, circulating TMAO was elevated; and reduction of TMAO using 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) significantly decreased right ventricle systolic pressure, pulmonary vascular muscularization in both monocrotaline-induced rat PH and hypoxia induced mice PH models. RNA sequencing of rat lungs revealed that DMB treatment significant suppressed the pathways involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and cytokine and chemokine signaling. Protein-protein interaction analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts regulated by DMB showed 5 hub genes with a strong connectivity of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including Kng1, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, CxcL6 and Il6. In vitro, TMAO significantly increased the expression of Kng1, Cxcl1, Cxcl2, CxcL6 and Il6 in bone marrow derived macrophage. And TMAO-treated conditioned medium from macrophage increased the proliferation and migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells; but TMAO treatment did not change the proliferation or migration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that TMAO is increased in severe PH, and the reduction of TMAO decreases pulmonary vascular muscularization and alleviates PH via suppressing the macrophage production of chemokines and cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 555049, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 555049, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruidi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 555049, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 555049, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxun Zhou
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Ye
- Guangzhou Medical University, 26468, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, 555049, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, 518877, Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- Guangzhou Medical University The First Associated Hospital, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The University of Arizona, 8041, Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University The First Associated Hospital, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, 518877, Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou, China;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curry KD, Nute MG, Treangen TJ. It takes guts to learn: machine learning techniques for disease detection from the gut microbiome. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:815-827. [PMID: 34779841 PMCID: PMC8786294 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Associations between the human gut microbiome and expression of host illness have been noted in a variety of conditions ranging from gastrointestinal dysfunctions to neurological deficits. Machine learning (ML) methods have generated promising results for disease prediction from gut metagenomic information for diseases including liver cirrhosis and irritable bowel disease, but have lacked efficacy when predicting other illnesses. Here, we review current ML methods designed for disease classification from microbiome data. We highlight the computational challenges these methods have effectively overcome and discuss the biological components that have been overlooked to offer perspectives on future work in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D. Curry
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Michael G. Nute
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Todd J. Treangen
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kachroo P, Sordillo JE, Lutz SM, Weiss ST, Kelly RS, McGeachie MJ, Wu AC, Lasky-Su JA. Pharmaco-Metabolomics of Inhaled Corticosteroid Response in Individuals with Asthma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111148. [PMID: 34834499 PMCID: PMC8622526 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic indicators of asthma treatment responses have yet to be identified. In this study, we aimed to uncover plasma metabolomic profiles associated with asthma exacerbations while on inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. We determined whether these profiles change with age from adolescence to adulthood. We utilized data from 170 individuals with asthma on ICS from the Mass General Brigham Biobank to identify plasma metabolites associated with asthma exacerbations while on ICS and examined potential effect modification of metabolite-exacerbation associations by age. We used liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed for the significant associations. The age range of the participating individuals was 13-43 years with a mean age of 33.5 years. Of the 783 endogenous metabolites tested, eight demonstrated significant associations with exacerbation after correction for multiple comparisons and adjusting for potential confounders (Bonferroni p value < 6.2 × 10-4). Potential effect modification by sex was detected for fatty acid metabolites, with males showing a greater reduction in their metabolite levels with ICS exacerbation. Thirty-eight metabolites showed suggestive interactions with age on exacerbation (nominal p-value < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that plasma metabolomic profiles differ for individuals who experience asthma exacerbations while on ICS. The differentiating metabolites may serve as biomarkers of ICS response and may highlight metabolic pathways underlying ICS response variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Kachroo
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (S.T.W.); (R.S.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Joanne E. Sordillo
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (S.M.L.); (A.C.W.)
| | - Sharon M. Lutz
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (S.M.L.); (A.C.W.)
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (S.T.W.); (R.S.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (S.T.W.); (R.S.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael J. McGeachie
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (S.T.W.); (R.S.K.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- PRecisiOn Medicine Translational Research (PROMoTeR) Center, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (S.M.L.); (A.C.W.)
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.K.); (S.T.W.); (R.S.K.); (M.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-875-9992
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3702. [PMID: 34835958 PMCID: PMC8624546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gains increased interest as a therapeutic approach for many diseases, little is known about its therapeutic use in childhood obesity. Indeed, the role of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation in influencing short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the potential mechanisms involved in the protective effects on obesity are still unclear. Infants are characterized by a diverse gut microbiota composition with higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Maternal VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation stimulates the growth of diverse species of SCFA-producing bacteria, which may induce epigenetic changes in infant obese gene expression and modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Therefore, this review aims to determine the mechanistic role of SCFAs in mediating VLCKD-infant gut microbiota relationships and its protective effects on obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nitroalkene fatty acids modulate bile acid metabolism and lung function in obese asthma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17788. [PMID: 34493738 PMCID: PMC8423735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid profiles are altered in obese individuals with asthma. Thus, we sought to better understand how obesity-related systemic changes contribute to lung pathophysiology. We also test the therapeutic potential of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), a regulator of metabolic and inflammatory signaling pathways, to mitigate allergen and obesity-induced lung function decline in a murine model of asthma. Bile acids were measured in the plasma of healthy subjects and individuals with asthma and serum and lung tissue of mice with and without allergic airway disease (AAD). Lung function, indices of inflammation and hepatic bile acid enzyme expression were measured in obese mice with house dust mite-induced AAD treated with vehicle or NO2-OA. Serum levels of glycocholic acid and glycoursodeoxycholic acid clinically correlate with body mass index and airway hyperreactivity whereas murine levels of β-muricholic acid and tauro-β-muricholic acid were significantly increased and positively correlated with impaired lung function in obese mice with AAD. NO2-OA reduced murine bile acid levels by modulating hepatic expression of bile acid synthesis enzymes, with a concomitant reduction in small airway resistance and tissue elastance. Bile acids correlate to body mass index and lung function decline and the signaling actions of nitroalkenes can limit AAD by modulating bile acid metabolism, revealing a potential pharmacologic approach to improving the current standard of care.
Collapse
|
18
|
Research Progress of Metabolomics in Asthma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090567. [PMID: 34564383 PMCID: PMC8466166 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a highly heterogeneous disease, but the pathogenesis of asthma is still unclear. It is well known that the airway inflammatory immune response is the pathological basis of asthma. Metabolomics is a systems biology method to analyze the difference of low molecular weight metabolites (<1.5 kDa) and explore the relationship between metabolic small molecules and pathophysiological changes of the organisms. The functional interdependence between immune response and metabolic regulation is one of the cores of the body's steady-state regulation, and its dysfunction will lead to a series of metabolic disorders. The signal transduction effect of specific metabolites may affect the occurrence of the airway inflammatory immune response, which may be closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma. Emerging metabolomic analysis may provide insights into the pathogenesis and diagnosis of asthma. The review aims to analyze the changes of metabolites in blood/serum/plasma, urine, lung tissue, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples, and further reveals the potential pathogenesis of asthma according to the disordered metabolic pathways.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pathak MP, Patowary P, Goyary D, Das A, Chattopadhyay P. β-caryophyllene ameliorated obesity-associated airway hyperresponsiveness through some non-conventional targets. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153610. [PMID: 34175589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity worsens airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic subjects by up-regulating macrophage polarization that leads to excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines from white adipose tissue followed by generation of oxidative stress in the respiratory system. Treatment through conventional signaling pathways proved to be inadequate in obese asthmatics, so a therapeutical approach through a non-conventional pathway may prove to be effective. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a FDA-approved food additive, β-caryophyllene (BCP) in obesity-associated AHR. METHOD A repertoire of protein expression, cytokine and adiponectin estimation, oxidative stress assays, histopathology, and fluorescence immune-histochemistry were performed to assess the efficacy of BCP in C57BL/6 mice model of obesity-associated AHR. Additionally, human adipocyte was utilized to study the effect of BCP on macrophage polarization in Boyden chamber cell culture inserts. RESULTS Obesity-associated AHR is ameliorated by administration of BCP by inhibition of the macrophage polarization by activation of AMPKα, Nrf2/HO-1 and AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 signaling pathway, up-regulation of adiponectin, GLP-1, IFN-γ, SOD, catalase and down-regulation of NF-κB, leptin, IL-4, TNF, and IL-1β. Browning of eWAT by induction of thermogenesis and activation of melanocortin pathway also contributed to the amelioration of obesity-associated AHR. We conclude that BCP ameliorated the obesity-associated AHR via inhibition of macrophage polarization, activation of AMPKα, Nrf2/HO-1, and up-regulation of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression and down-regulation of NFκB expression in lung of animal. CONCLUSION Being an FDA-approved food additive, BCP may prove to be a safe and potential agent against obesity-associated AHR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Danswrang Goyary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784001, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ather JL, Van Der Vliet KE, Mank MM, Reed LF, Dixon AE, Poynter ME. Obese adipose tissue modulates proinflammatory responses of mouse airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R79-R90. [PMID: 34105399 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00316.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although recognized as an important endocrine organ, little is known about the mechanisms through which adipose tissue can regulate inflammatory responses in distant tissues, such as lung that are affected by obesity. To explore potential mechanisms, male C57BL/6J mice were provided either high-fat diet, low-fat diet, or were provided a high-fat diet then switched to the low-fat diet to promote weight loss. Visceral adipocytes were then cultured in vitro to generate conditioned media (CM) that was used to treat both primary (mouse tracheal epithelial cells; MTECs) and immortalized (mouse-transformed club cells; MTCCs) airway epithelial cells. Adiponectin levels were greatly depressed in the CM from both obese and diet-switched adipocytes relative to mice continually fed the low-fat diet. MTECs from mice with obesity secreted higher baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines than MTECs from lean or diet-switched mice. MTECs treated with obese adipocyte CM increased their secretion of these cytokines compared with MTECs treated with lean CM. Diet-switched CM modestly decreased the production of cytokines compared with obese CM, and these effects were recapitulated when the CM was used to treat MTCCs. Adipose stromal vascular cells from mice with obesity expressed genes consistent with an M1 macrophage phenotype and decreased eosinophil abundance compared with lean stromal vascular fraction, a profile that persisted in the lean diet-switched mice despite substantial weight loss. Soluble factors secreted from obese adipocytes exert a proinflammatory effect on airway epithelial cells, and these alterations are attenuated by diet-induced weight loss, which could have implications for the airway dysfunction related to obese asthma and its mitigation by weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Ather
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Katherine E Van Der Vliet
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Madeleine M Mank
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Leah F Reed
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care, Vermont Lung Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dietary Patterns, Asthma, and Lung Function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:293-301. [PMID: 31689128 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201908-629oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Dietary patterns may alter immune responses and increase asthma risk or affect lung function.Objectives: To examine whether a proinflammatory diet (assessed by the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index [E-DII]) or high dietary quality (assessed by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index [AHEI-2010]) are associated with current asthma, current asthma symptoms, and lung function in Hispanic adults.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 12,687 adults aged 18 to 76 years who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The E-DII and AHEI-2010 were calculated based on two 24-hour dietary recalls. Logistic or linear regression was used for the multivariable analysis of E-DII or AHEI-2010 scores and current asthma, asthma symptoms, and lung function measures, adjusting for age, sex, annual household income, study center, Hispanic/Latino background, smoking status, and other covariates.Results: A higher E-DII score was associated with current asthma (odds ratio [OR] for quartile 4 vs. 1, 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.90) and asthma symptoms (OR for quartile 4 vs. 1, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.12-1.81). The AHEI-2010 score was not associated with current asthma or asthma symptoms. Among adults without asthma, a higher E-DII score was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and a higher AHEI-2010 score was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a proinflammatory diet increases the risk of asthma and asthma symptoms in Hispanic adults. An antiinflammatory diet (indicated by a lower E-DII or a higher AHEI-2010 score) may positively influence lung function in Hispanic adults without asthma.
Collapse
|
22
|
Childhood Obesity and Respiratory Diseases: Which Link? CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030177. [PMID: 33669035 PMCID: PMC7996509 DOI: 10.3390/children8030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing, reaching worldwide levels of 5.6% in girls and of 7.8% in boys. Several evidences showed that obesity is a major preventable risk factor and disease modifier of some respiratory conditions such as asthma and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Co-occurrence of asthma and obesity may be due to common pathogenetic factors including exposure to air pollutants and tobacco smoking, Western diet, and low Vitamin D levels. Lung growth and dysanapsis phenomenon in asthmatic obese children play a role in impaired respiratory function which appears to be different than in adults. Genes involved in both asthma and obesity have been identified, though a gene-by-environment interaction has not been properly investigated yet. The identification of modifiable environmental factors influencing gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms may change the natural history of both diseases. Another important pediatric respiratory condition associated with obesity is Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB), especially Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). OSAS and obesity are linked by a bidirectional causality, where the effects of one affect the other. The factors most involved in the association between OSAS and obesity are oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiota. In OSAS pathogenesis, obesity's role appears to be mainly due to mechanical factors leading to an increase of respiratory work at night-time. However, a causal link between obesity-related inflammatory state and OSAS pathogenesis still needs to be properly confirmed. To prevent obesity and its complications, family education and precocious lifestyle changes are critical. A healthy diet may lead to an improved quality of life in obese children suffering from respiratory diseases. The present review aimed to investigate the links between obesity, asthma and OSAS, focusing on the available evidence and looking for future research fields.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kolinsky NC, Weare-Regales N, Lockey RF. A Practical Approach to Assist Asthmatics to Lose Weight. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2245-2254. [PMID: 33516924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treating patients with obesity, particularly asthmatics, is a complex challenge that requires a unique and individually tailored approach. Obesity, defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a body mass index of 30.0 kg/m2 or greater. It affects approximately 43% of adults and 19% of youth in America. It is a multifactorial disease and should be managed with the same intensity as any other medical problem, for it represents a risk factor for the onset and severity of asthma. Furthermore, it is a comorbid condition that exacerbates rhinosinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, anxiety, and depression. Being obese also increases morbidity for cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, breast and bladder cancer, and migraines. Osteoarthritis, in particular, of the knees and hips, is also associated with obesity, and that too will complicate asthma by hindering a subject's mobility and ability to exercise. This paper reviews the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity, its effect on asthma, and practical strategies to achieve weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Kolinsky
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Natalia Weare-Regales
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee YS, Kim JH, Lim DH. Urine Microbe-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Children With Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:75-87. [PMID: 33191678 PMCID: PMC7680828 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have found significant associations between asthma and microbiome. However, it is challenging to obtain-sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from pediatric patients. Thus, we used voided urine to show that urine microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in asthma are an available source for clinical research. METHODS Five urine samples were obtained at 2-3-month intervals from each patient with asthma (n = 20), and a single voided urine sample were obtained from each healthy child (n = 20). After isolating EVs, 16S rDNA pyrosequencing was performed. The Chao1 index and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used to assess diversity. To predict microbiota functional capacities, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway database. Eight covariates were included in the EnvFit analysis to identify significant factors in the asthma group. RESULTS The asthma group showed lower Chao1 bacterial richness, and PCoA-based clustering differed significantly. Two phyla, and 13 families and genera were enriched or depleted. Functional profiling revealed significant differences between the asthma and control groups. EnvFit analysis of correlation to age, sex, body mass index, infection, season, asthma phenotype, severity, and symptoms was not significant except for infections associated with visit 1 and the season of visit 2. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that microbe-derived EVs were constantly altered in the urine of children with asthma, consistent with the findings of previous studies indicating microbiome changes in the lung and gut. The urine may reflect the specific pattern of microbiome EVs in children with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Seok Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A Genomic Approach to Investigating Ocular Surface Microorganisms: Monitoring Core Microbiota on Eyelid Margin with a Dot hybridization Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218299. [PMID: 33167500 PMCID: PMC7663925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sound ocular surface microbiota has been recognized as a part of ocular surface health following a growing body of evidence from next-generation sequencing technique and metagenomic analysis. However, even from the perspective of contemporary precision medicine, it is difficult to directly apply these new technologies to clinical practice. Therefore, we proposed a model based on dot hybridization assay (DHA) to bridge conventional culture with a metagenomic approach in investigating and monitoring ocular surface microbiota. Endophthalmitis, mostly caused by bacterial infection, is the most severe complication of many intraocular surgeries, such as cataract surgery. Hazardous microorganisms hiding and proliferating in the ocular surface microbiota not only increase the risk of endophthalmitis but also jeopardize the effectiveness of the preoperative aseptic procedure and postoperative topical antibiotics. The DHA model enables the simultaneous assessment of bacterial bioburden, detection of target pathogens and microorganisms, and surveillance of methicillin/oxacillin resistance gene mecA in the ocular surface microbiota. This assay revealed heavier bacterial bioburden in men, compatible with a higher risk of endophthalmitis in male patients who underwent cataract surgery. No occurrence of endophthalmitis for these patients was compatible with non-hazardous microorganisms identified by specific dots for target pathogens. Moreover, the mecA dot detected oxacillin-resistant strains, of which culture failed to isolate. Therefore, the DHA model could provide an alternative genomic approach to investigate and monitor ocular surface microorganisms in clinical practice nowadays.
Collapse
|
26
|
Asthma and Obesity in Children. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070231. [PMID: 32708186 PMCID: PMC7400413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and obesity are two major chronic diseases in children and adolescents. Recent scientific evidence points out a causative role of obesity in asthma predisposition. However, studies assessing the real impact of excessive weight gain on lung function in children have shown heterogeneous results. In this review, the pathological mechanisms linking obesity and development of asthma in children are summarized and factors influencing this relationship are evaluated. Common disease modifying factors including age, sex, ethnicity, development of atopic conditions, and metabolic alterations significantly affect the onset and phenotypic characteristics of asthma. Given this, the impact of these several factors on the obesity–asthma link were considered, and from revision of the literature we suggest the possibility to define three main clinical subtypes on the basis of epidemiological data and physiological–molecular pathways: obese-asthmatic and atopy, obese-asthmatic and insulin-resistance, and obese-asthmatic and dyslipidemia. The hypothesis of the different clinical subtypes characterizing a unique phenotype might have an important impact for both future clinical management and research priorities. This might imply the necessity to study the obese asthmatic child with a “multidisciplinary approach”, evaluating the endocrinological and pneumological aspects simultaneously. This different approach might also make it possible to intervene earlier in a specific manner, possibly with a personalized and tailored treatment. Surely this hypothesis needs longitudinal and well-conducted future studies to be validated.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lipid mediators and asthma: Scope of therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 179:113925. [PMID: 32217103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids and their mediators are known to play a pro-inflammatory role in several human diseases including asthma. The influence of leukotrienes and prostaglandins through arachidonate metabolism in asthma pathophysiology is well established and hence, prompted the way for therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolites. In addition, various types of fatty acids have been reported to play a diverse role in asthma. For instance, CD4+ T-lymphocytes differentiation towards T-effector (Teff) or T-regulatory (Tregs) cells seems to be controlled reciprocally by fatty acid metabolic pathways. Further, the dysregulated lipid status in obesity complicates the asthma manifestations suggesting the role of lipid metabolites particularly ω-6 fatty acids in the process. On the other hand, clinical and pre-clinical studies suggests the role of short chain fatty acids in curbing asthma through upregulation of T-regulatory cells or clearance of inflammatory cells through promoting apoptosis. Accordingly, the present review compiles various studies for comprehensive analysis of different types of lipid based metabolites in asthma manifestation. Finally, we have proposed certain strategies which may enhance the usefulness of lipid mediators for balanced immune response during asthma.
Collapse
|
29
|
Stewart CJ, Mansbach JM, Ajami NJ, Petrosino JF, Zhu Z, Liang L, Camargo CA, Hasegawa K. Serum Metabolome Is Associated With the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota and Disease Severity Among Infants With Bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:2005-2014. [PMID: 30629185 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests relationships between the nasopharyngeal metabolome and both the microbiota and severity of bronchiolitis. However, the influence of host systemic metabolism on disease pathobiology remains unclear. We aimed to examine metabolome profiles and their association with more-severe disease, defined by use of positive pressure ventilation (PPV), in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. METHODS In 140 infants with bronchiolitis, metabolomic profiling was performed on serum; samples from 70 were in a training data set, and samples from 70 were in an independent test data set. We also profiled the nasopharyngeal airway microbiota and examined its association with the serum metabolites. RESULTS Serum metabolome profiles differed by bronchiolitis severity (P < .001). In total, 20 metabolites in the training data set were significantly associated with the risk of PPV, of which 18 remained significant following adjustment for confounders (false-discovery rate [FDR], < 0.10). Phosphatidylcholine metabolites were associated with higher risks of PPV use, while metabolites from the plasmalogen subpathway were associated with lower risks. The test data set validated these findings (FDR < 0.05). Streptococcus abundance was positively associated with metabolites that are associated with higher risks of PPV. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomic signatures were associated with both the nasopharyngeal microbiota and the severity of bronchiolitis. Our findings advance research into the complex interrelations between the airway microbiome, host systemic response, and pathobiology of bronchiolitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Stewart
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhaozhong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kohei Hasegawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shan LS, Zhou QL, Shang YX. Bidirectional Association Between Asthma and Obesity During Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:576858. [PMID: 33194908 PMCID: PMC7658650 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.576858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Co-occurrence of pediatric asthma and obesity has been widely reported, yet the causal directions between these two disorders are still not well-understood. The objective of this meta-analysis is to explore whether there is a possibility of a bidirectional association for these two disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL databases were searched up to August 2020. Cohort studies reporting the associations of obesity with risk of physician-diagnosed asthma or physician-diagnosed asthma with risk of obesity in children and adolescents were eligible for the review. Results: A total of 3,091 records were identified from the four databases, with final inclusion of nine. Six studies reported the association between obesity and risk of asthma; three studies reported the association between asthma and risk of childhood obesity. As evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale, all studies were assessed as high-quality studies. There was a statistically significant association between obesity and increased risk of physician-diagnosed asthma in children and adolescents. The pooled RR was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.28, 1.50; p < 0.001), with significant heterogeneity across studies (I 2 = 81.7%; p heterogeneity < 0.001). The pooled RR in boys was 1.53 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.99; p = 0.002), but such a significant association was not observed in girls (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.72; p = 0.434). For the association of asthma with risk of childhood obesity, the pooled RR was 1.47 (95%CI: 1.25, 1.72; p < 0.001) without statistical heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%, p heterogeneity = 0.652). Conclusion: There is a bidirectional association between obesity and asthma during childhood and adolescence, suggesting that childhood obesity drives an increase in the onset of asthma; meanwhile, childhood asthma may also increase risk of obesity for children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian-Lan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Villeneuve T, Guilleminault L. [Asthma and obesity in adults]. Rev Mal Respir 2019; 37:60-74. [PMID: 31866123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by a multitude of phenotypes. Epidemiological studies show an increase in asthma prevalence in obese patients regardless of age. The association of asthma and obesity is now considered as a phenotype with its own clinical, biological and functional characteristics. Regarding the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity, numerous factors such as nutrition, genetic predisposition, microbiome, ventilatory mechanics and the role of adipose tissue have been identified to explain the heterogeneous characteristics of patients with asthma and obesity. In adult patients with asthma and obesity, respiratory symptoms are particularly prominent and atopy and eosinophilic inflammation is uncommon compared to normal weight asthma patients. Obese asthma patients experience more hospitalizations and use more rescue medications than normal weight asthmatics. Management of asthma in obese patients is complex because these patients have less response to the usual anti-asthmatic treatments. Weight loss through caloric restriction combined with exercise is the main intervention to obtain improvement of asthma outcomes. Bariatric surgery is an invasive procedure with interesting results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Villeneuve
- Pôles des voies respiratoires, hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, 24, chemin de Pouvourville, TSA 30030, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - L Guilleminault
- Pôles des voies respiratoires, hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, 24, chemin de Pouvourville, TSA 30030, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France; Centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP-U1043, Inserm, équipe 12), UPS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The respiratory effects of O3 are well established. High ambient O3 concentrations are associated with respiratory symptoms, declines in pulmonary function, asthma exacerbations, and even mortality. The metabolic effects of O3 are less well appreciated. Here we review data indicating that O3 exposure leads to glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia, characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. We also review the role of stress hormones in these events. We describe how the metabolic effects of O3, including effects within the lungs, are exacerbated in the setting of the metabolic derangements of obesity and we discuss epidemiological data indicating an association between ambient O3 exposure and diabetes. We conclude by describing the role of the gut microbiome in the regulation of metabolism and by discussing data indicating a link between the gut microbiome and pulmonary responses to O3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ivanova O, Richards LB, Vijverberg SJ, Neerincx AH, Sinha A, Sterk PJ, Maitland‐van der Zee AH. What did we learn from multiple omics studies in asthma? Allergy 2019; 74:2129-2145. [PMID: 31004501 DOI: 10.1111/all.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
More than a decade has passed since the finalization of the Human Genome Project. Omics technologies made a huge leap from trendy and very expensive to routinely executed and relatively cheap assays. Simultaneously, we understood that omics is not a panacea for every problem in the area of human health and personalized medicine. Whilst in some areas of research omics showed immediate results, in other fields, including asthma, it only allowed us to identify the incredibly complicated molecular processes. Along with their possibilities, omics technologies also bring many issues connected to sample collection, analyses and interpretation. It is often impossible to separate the intrinsic imperfection of omics from asthma heterogeneity. Still, many insights and directions from applied omics were acquired-presumable phenotypic clusters of patients, plausible biomarkers and potential pathways involved. Omics technologies develop rapidly, bringing improvements also to asthma research. These improvements, together with our growing understanding of asthma subphenotypes and underlying cellular processes, will likely play a role in asthma management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ivanova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Levi B. Richards
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Susanne J. Vijverberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anne H. Neerincx
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Sterk
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Anke H. Maitland‐van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres (AUMC) University of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology Amsterdam UMC/ Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Obesity and adiposity indicators in asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:7-11. [PMID: 30507714 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of obesity and allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, is increasing worldwide not only in adults, but also in children. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated the effect of obesity not only on asthma, but also on other allergic diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Allergic diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis, are common chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways. Obesity is an increasingly common pediatric disease and is a risk factor for the development of asthma in that obese patients with asthma tend to have more severe asthma that does not respond well to standard asthma therapy. On the contrary, children with asthma maybe at a high risk of obesity, suggesting that the relationship of asthma and obesity seems to be interrelated. The role of obesity on the development of allergic rhinitis is not well defined, whereas allergic rhinitis may have an impact on obesity. SUMMARY Childhood obesity is often considered to be less serious than obesity in adults because of the greater risk of complications in obese adults. In this review, we discuss the allergic confounders of obesity and the impact of allergic diseases on obesity. Proper control of the BMI within the normal range in children with allergic diseases is important.
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang MT, Chiu CJ, Chiang BL. Multi-Faceted Notch in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3508. [PMID: 31319491 PMCID: PMC6678794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is an evolutionarily conserved signaling family which iteratively exerts pleiotropic functions in cell fate decisions and various physiological processes, not only during embryonic development but also throughout adult life. In the context of the respiratory system, Notch has been shown to regulate ciliated versus secretory lineage differentiation of epithelial progenitor cells and coordinate morphogenesis of the developing lung. Reminiscent of its role in development, the Notch signaling pathway also plays a role in repair of lung injuries by regulation of stem cell activity, cell differentiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to functions in embryonic development, cell and tissue renewal and various physiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, Notch signaling has been demonstrated to regulate differentiation of literally almost all T-cell subsets, and impact on elicitation of inflammatory response and its outcome. We have investigated the role of Notch in allergic airway inflammation in both acute and chronic settings. In this mini-review, we will summarize our own work and recent advances on the role of Notch signaling in allergic airway inflammation, and discuss potential applications of the Notch signaling family in therapy for allergic airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Silva D, Martins C, Mendes F, Farraia M, Delgado L, de Oliveira Fernandes E, Padrão P, Moreira P, Severo M, Barros H, Moreira A. Exposure to indoor endocrine-disrupting chemicals and childhood asthma and obesity. Allergy 2019; 74:1277-1291. [PMID: 30740706 DOI: 10.1111/all.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air contaminants may act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, to what extent these contaminants affect health is poorly known. We aimed to assess the association between EDCs exposure and asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity in schoolchildren. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional analysis of 815 participants from 20 schools in Porto, Portugal, were analysed. Symptoms were assessed, asthma was defined on lung function, and airway reversibility and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. The concentrations of 13 volatile organic compounds and 2 aldehydes identified as EDCs were measured in 71 classrooms throughout 1 week. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the effect of co-exposure. Associations were estimated by regression coefficients using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Increased individual and combined EDCs levels were found in classrooms having more children with asthma and obesity. Higher levels of hexane, styrene, cyclohexanone, butylated hydroxytoluene and 2-butoxyethanol were associated with obesity, and higher levels of cyclohexanone were associated with increased child BMI. Toluene, o-xylene, m/p-xylene and ethylbenzene were significantly associated with nasal obstruction. A positive association was found between PC1 and the risk of obese asthma (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 1.98) and between PC2 and overweight (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.28, 1.79). PC1 and PC2 were also associated with nasal obstruction, and PC2 was associated with breathing difficulties and lean body mass, although EDCs concentrations were low. CONCLUSIONS Our findings further support the role of EDCs in asthma and obesity development. Moreover, even low levels of indoor exposure may influence the risk of asthma, respiratory symptoms and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI); Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Management (INEGI); Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Carla Martins
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica; Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica; Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica; Departamento de Patologia; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto, Portugal & Centro Hospitalar São João; Porto Portugal
- EPIUnit; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rangel-Huerta OD, Pastor-Villaescusa B, Gil A. Are we close to defining a metabolomic signature of human obesity? A systematic review of metabolomics studies. Metabolomics 2019; 15:93. [PMID: 31197497 PMCID: PMC6565659 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a disorder characterized by a disproportionate increase in body weight in relation to height, mainly due to the accumulation of fat, and is considered a pandemic of the present century by many international health institutions. It is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, namely, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in metabolites due to being overweight and obesity at the body fluid and cellular levels and to ascertain metabolic changes in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese individuals (MUHO) compared to metabolically healthy individuals (MHO). OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a systematic review (SR) of human studies focused on identifying metabolomic signatures in obese individuals and obesity-related metabolic alterations, such as inflammation or oxidative stress. METHODS We reviewed the literature to identify studies investigating the metabolomics profile of human obesity and that were published up to May 7th, 2019 in SCOPUS and PubMed through an SR. The quality of reporting was evaluated using an adapted of QUADOMICS. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were included and classified according to four types of approaches. (i) studying the metabolic signature of obesity, (ii) studying the differential responses of obese and non-obese subjects to dietary challenges (iii) studies that used metabolomics to predict weight loss and aimed to assess the effects of weight loss interventions on the metabolomics profiles of overweight or obese human subjects (iv) articles that studied the effects of specific dietary patterns or dietary compounds on obesity-related metabolic alterations in humans. CONCLUSION The present SR provides state-of-the-art information about the use of metabolomics as an approach to understanding the dynamics of metabolic processes involved in human obesity and emphasizes metabolic signatures related to obesity phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Daniel Rangel-Huerta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Belén Pastor-Villaescusa
- LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada", Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs-Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tashiro H, Shore SA. Obesity and severe asthma. Allergol Int 2019; 68:135-142. [PMID: 30509734 PMCID: PMC6540088 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important global health issue for both children and adults. Obesity increases the prevalence and incidence of asthma and also increases the risk for severe asthma. Here we describe the features of severe asthma phenotypes for which obesity is a defining characteristic, including steroid resistance, airway inflammation, and co-morbidities. We also review current concepts regarding the mechanistic basis for the impact of obesity in severe asthma, including possible roles for vitamin D deficiency, systemic inflammation, and the microbiome. Finally, we describe data indicating a role for diet, weight loss, and exercise in the treatment of severe asthma with obesity. Better understanding of the mechanistic basis for the role of obesity in severe asthma could lead to new therapeutic options for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Shore
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sun L, Xu H, Ye J, Gaikwad NW. Comparative effect of black, green, oolong, and white tea intake on weight gain and bile acid metabolism. Nutrition 2019; 65:208-215. [PMID: 31031064 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The beneficial effects of tea on health, including obesity, are well known. However, the comparative effects of black, green, white, and oolong teas, which are prepared from the same fresh leaves, on weight gain and the potential mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood. Bile acids (BAs) are shown to be powerful regulators of metabolism; however, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the effect of tea on BA metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects that green, black, white, and oolong teas that were prepared from the same raw tea leaves have on the plasma BA profile. METHODS Female rats were dosed with the aforementioned tea types as their sole source of drinking fluid for 28 d. We then investigated their weight and effect on BA metabolic profile using advanced ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. RESULTS The UPLC-MS/MS analysis of the plasma show that the levels of murocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, tauromuricholic acid, and taurocholic acid were increased; whereas levels of taurolithocholic acid and isolithocholic acid were decreased after drinking green, oolong, and white tea types compared with control. Surprisingly, oolong tea significantly influenced reduction in relative weight compared with control, black, and green tea; whereas black, green, and white teas had no effects on weight compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Green, black, oolong, and white teas altered the BA metabolism. This change in BA metabolism could be associated with the health benefit effects of tea. Oolong tea was most effective in reducing weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karvonen AM, Sordillo JE, Gold DR, Bacharier LB, O'Connor GT, Zeiger RS, Beigelman A, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA. Gut microbiota and overweight in 3-year old children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:713-723. [PMID: 30568265 PMCID: PMC6457121 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota has been associated with overweight and obesity in adults, but the evidence in children is limited. Our aim was to study whether composition of the gut microbiota at the age of 3 years is associated with overweight/obesity in children cross-sectionally. METHODS Children, who participated in a clinical trial of prenatal vitamin-D supplementation (VDAART), underwent standardized height and weight measurements, and collection of stool samples at 3 years of age. 16 S rRNA sequencing (V4 region) of the stool samples were performed with Illumina MiSeq. Associations between microbiota and overweight/obesity (body mass index z-scores >85th percentile) was analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Out of 502 children, 146 (29%) were categorized as overweight/obese. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, birth weight and length, formula feeding during the first year, high frequency of fast food consumption, and time watching TV or computer screen at 3 years were the risk factors for overweight/obesity. Of the top 20 most abundant genera, high relative abundance of Parabacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes; Bacteroidales) (aOR(95% CI): 0.69 (0.53, 0.90, p = 0.007) per interquartile increase) and unassigned genus within Peptostreptococcae family were inversely associated with overweight/obesity, whereas high relative abundance of Dorea (Firmicutes;Clostridiales) (1.23 (1.05, 1.43, p = 0.009)) was positively associated. Associations were independent of each other. No associations were found between diversity indices and overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that some of the differences in gut composition of bacteria between obese and non-obese adults can already be observed in 3-year old children. Longitudinal studies will be needed to determine long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Karvonen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland. .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joanne E Sordillo
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert S Zeiger
- Department of Allergy and Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, San Diego and Pasadena, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital at Strong, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marko M, Pawliczak R. Obesity and asthma: risk, control and treatment. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:563-571. [PMID: 30618522 PMCID: PMC6320490 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.77607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and obesity are currently one of the most common diseases. Observing an increase in morbidity of obesity and asthma, it can be concluded that there is a link between these diseases. But the mechanism of this relation is not well known. Due to reduced movement in patients and treatment, asthma is conducive to obesity, and obesity can exacerbate the symptoms associated with asthma. Obesity can affect bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Increasing body fat in obese people leads to systemic inflammation and elevated serum levels of many proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. leptin) and anti-inflammatory ones (e.g. adiponectin) that can have a causal relationship to bronchial asthma, but human studies are ambiguous. Obese asthmatics are characterized by a phenotype: heavier asthma, worse response to treatment and control of asthma. It has been found that in obese people, weight loss reduces the severity of asthma symptoms, so in these patients, treatment should include weight control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marko
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Katsoulis K, Ismailos G, Kipourou M, Kostikas K. Microbiota and asthma: Clinical implications. Respir Med 2018; 146:28-35. [PMID: 30665515 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Katsoulis
- Pulmonary Department, 424 Army General Hospital, Periferiaki Odos, 56429, Efkarpia, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Ismailos
- Experimental-Research Center ELPEN, ELPEN Pharmaceuticals, Leoforos Marathonos 95, 19009, Pikermi, Attika, Greece
| | - Maria Kipourou
- Pulmonary Department, 424 Army General Hospital, Periferiaki Odos, 56429, Efkarpia, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Zheng J, Zhang HP, Zhang X, Wang L, Wood L, Wang G. Obesity-Associated Metabolic Signatures Correlate to Clinical and Inflammatory Profiles of Asthma: A Pilot Study. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:628-647. [PMID: 30306746 PMCID: PMC6182193 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.6.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is associated with metabolic dysregulation, but the underlying metabolic signatures involving clinical and inflammatory profiles of obese asthma are largely unexplored. We aimed at identifying the metabolic signatures of obese asthma. METHODS Eligible subjects with obese (n = 11) and lean (n = 22) asthma underwent body composition and clinical assessment, sputum induction, and blood sampling. Sputum supernatant was assessed for interleukin (IL)-1β, -4, -5, -6, -13, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and serum was detected for leptin, adiponectin and C-reactive protein. Untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS)-based metabolic profiles in sputum, serum and peripheral blood monocular cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and pathway topology enrichment analysis. The differential metabolites were further validated by correlation analysis with body composition, and clinical and inflammatory profiles. RESULTS Body composition, asthma control, and the levels of IL-1β, -4, -13, leptin and adiponectin in obese asthmatics were significantly different from those in lean asthmatics. OPLS-DA analysis revealed 28 differential metabolites that distinguished obese from lean asthmatic subjects. The validation analysis identified 18 potential metabolic signatures (11 in sputum, 4 in serum and 2 in PBMCs) of obese asthmatics. Pathway topology enrichment analysis revealed that cyanoamino acid metabolism, caffeine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway in sputum, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway in serum are suggested to be significant pathways related to obese asthma. CONCLUSIONS GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics indicates obese asthma is characterized by a metabolic profile different from lean asthma. The potential metabolic signatures indicated novel immune-metabolic mechanisms in obese asthma with providing more phenotypic and therapeutic implications, which needs further replication and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Ping Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- Pneumology Group, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lisa Wood
- Center for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Microbial Insights into Asthmatic Immunopathology. A Forward-Looking Synthesis and Commentary. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018; 14:S316-S325. [PMID: 29161080 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201707-534aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an aberrant inflammatory condition of the airways affecting approximately 1 in 10 children in affluent countries. An increasing body of evidence suggests that microbial exposures during a "critical window" of development in early life play a central role in determining future asthma susceptibility. However, like the disease itself, considerable heterogeneity exists among studies in which researchers have investigated the associations between particular microbial taxa and asthma immunology. As our understanding of asthmatic pathology evolves to enable clearer definition of asthma endotypes, it will be important to consider the impact of various environmental factors on each endotype. Given the strong evidence in support of the hypothesis that early-life microbial exposures predict later disease states such as asthma, consideration of these endotypes when establishing experimental outcomes in epidemiological studies could allow for increased precision when determining exposure-outcome associations and engaging in more focused follow-up mechanistic investigations.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The introduction of 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing as a nonculture technique has led to the discovery of the presence of microbiota in the lower airways of healthy individuals. These bacterial communities may originate from the mouth and nasopharynx or from the environment by inhalation. The microbial composition of the lower airways may be modulated by dietary factors, antibiotic therapy, and microbial infections, particularly in early life. In addition, circulatory products from gut microbiota may influence the lung microbiota to maintain mucosal immunity. Recent studies have revealed that, in asthma, the lower airway microbiota show reduced diversity and community composition that is linked to severity and inflammatory phenotype. There is also a greater prevalence of proteobacteria, including Haemophilus, in symptomatic asthma. Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to both the inception and progression of asthma in infants and children, and to corticosteroid resistance in asthma. A better understanding of the regulation of the lung and gut microbiota in asthma may pave the way for targeting microbiota to prevent and treat asthma.
Collapse
|
46
|
Tashiro H, Takahashi K, Sadamatsu H, Kato G, Kurata K, Kimura S, Sueoka-Aragane N. Saturated Fatty Acid Increases Lung Macrophages and Augments House Dust Mite-Induced Airway Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Fat Diet. Inflammation 2018; 40:1072-1086. [PMID: 28365872 PMCID: PMC5429367 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the phenotypes of severe asthma, which is considered to be a heterogeneous syndrome; however, its interaction with airway inflammation is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of saturated fatty acids in augmenting airway inflammation induced by house dust mite (HDM) in obesity. Subjects were Balb/c mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks, followed by sensitization and exposure to HDM. Subjects were also administered palmitic acid (PA) for 4 weeks with concurrent sensitization and exposure to HDM. Airway inflammation was assessed by quantifying the amount of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and airway resistance was measured. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages were stimulated by PA. The amount of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was examined in the supernatant. Compared to normal chow mice, HFD mice underwent significant increases in body weight; increases in number of lung macrophages, including circulating monocytes and alveolar macrophages; and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell count, including neutrophils but not eosinophils, after HDM sensitization and exposure. In vitro, PA induced MCP-1 and augmented LPS-primed production of IL-1β and TNF-α in macrophages. Among HDM mice that were administered PA, there was an increase BALF total cell count, including neutrophils but not eosinophils, compared to vehicle mice. In conclusion, saturated fatty acid increased the number of lung macrophages and augmented HDM-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in a HFD mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tashiro
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichiro Takahashi
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Hironori Sadamatsu
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Go Kato
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keigo Kurata
- Institute of Tokyo Environmental Allergy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kimura
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Sueoka-Aragane
- Division of Hematology, Respiratory Medicine and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Forno E. Asthma and Obesity: The Chicken, the Egg, or More Than One Beast? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1124-1125. [PMID: 28459343 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201701-0082ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and.,2 Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
van Tilburg Bernardes E, Arrieta MC. Hygiene Hypothesis in Asthma Development: Is Hygiene to Blame? Arch Med Res 2017; 48:717-726. [PMID: 29224909 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Industrialized countries have registered epidemic rates on allergic diseases, such as hay fever, asthma, eczema, and food allergies. The Hygiene Hypothesis was born from work made by Dr. David Strachan, who observed that younger siblings were less susceptible to eczema and asthma, and proposed that this was a result of increased transmission of infectious agents via unhygienic practices within a household. This initial hypothesis was then reframed as the old friends/microbiota hypothesis, implicating non-pathogenic commensal microorganisms as the source of immunomodulatory signals necessary to prevent immune-mediated chronic disorders. Although the hygiene hypothesis is supported by epidemiological research of allergic diseases in certain industrialized settings, it often fails to explain the incidence of asthma in less affluent regions of the world. In this review, we summarize up-to-date information on genetic and environmental factors associated with asthma in different human populations, and present evidence that calls for caution when associating hygiene with the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,; Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nguyen DV, Linderholm A, Haczku A, Kenyon N. Glucagon-like peptide 1: A potential anti-inflammatory pathway in obesity-related asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:139-143. [PMID: 28648831 PMCID: PMC5677567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in arginine metabolism and accelerated formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), crucial mechanisms in obesity-related asthma, can be modulated by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). l-arginine dysregulation in obesity promotes inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Prolonged hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress leads to production of AGEs, that bind to their receptor (RAGE) further potentiating inflammation. By binding to its widely distributed receptor, GLP-1 blunts the effects of RAGE activation and arginine dysregulation. The GLP-1 pathway, while comprehensively studied in the endocrine and cardiovascular literature, is under-recognized in pulmonary research. Insights into GLP-1 and the lung may lead to novel treatments for obesity-related asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Vinh Nguyen
- University of California Davis, the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, United States.
| | - Angela Linderholm
- University of California Davis, the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, United States
| | - Angela Haczku
- University of California Davis, the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, United States
| | - Nicholas Kenyon
- University of California Davis, the Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The effect of obesity, weight gain, and weight loss on asthma inception and control. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 17:123-130. [PMID: 28030376 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is ample and growing evidence that obesity increases the risk of asthma and morbidity from asthma. Here, we review recent clinical evidence supporting a causal link between obesity and asthma, and the mechanisms that may lead to 'obese asthma'. RECENT FINDINGS Although in some children obesity and asthma simply co-occur, those with 'obese asthma' have increased asthma severity, lower quality of life, and reduced medication response. Underlying mechanistic pathways may include anatomical changes of the airways such as obstruction and dysanapsis, systemic inflammation, production of adipokines, impaired glucose-insulin metabolism, altered nutrient levels, genetic and epigenetic changes, and alterations in the airway and/or gut microbiome. A few small studies have shown that weight loss interventions may lead to improvements in asthma outcomes, but thus far research on therapeutic interventions for these children has been limited. SUMMARY Obesity increases the risk of asthma - and worsens asthma severity or control - via multiple mechanisms. 'Obese asthma' is a complex, multifactorial phenotype in children. Obesity and its complications must be managed as part of the treatment of asthma in obese children.
Collapse
|