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Howell GE, Young D. Effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of organochlorine pesticide compounds on adipogenesis and adipocyte function in an immortalized human adipocyte model. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105831. [PMID: 38648980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine (OC) pesticide POPs, has been associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms through which exposure to these compounds may promote obesity and metabolic dysfunction remain an area of active investigation. To this end, the concentration dependent effects of an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide POPs on adipocyte function was explored utilizing a translationally relevant immortalized human subcutaneous preadipocyte/adipocyte model. Briefly, immortalized human preadipocytes/adipocytes were exposed to a mixture of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), trans-nonachlor, and oxychlordane (DTO) then key indices of preadipocyte/adipocyte function were assessed. Exposure to DTO did not alter adipogenesis. However, in mature adipocytes, exposure to DTO slightly increased fatty acid uptake whereas isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis, basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cellular ATP levels were all significantly decreased. DTO significantly increased Staphylococcus aureus infection induced increases in expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and Mcp-1 as well as the adipokine resistin. Taken together, the present data demonstrated exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of OC pesticide compounds can alter mature adipocyte function in a translationally relevant human adipocyte model which further supports the adipose tissue as an effector site of OC pesticide POPs action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Howell
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
| | - Darian Young
- Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Mississippi State University, MS, USA
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2
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Kandzija N, Payne S, Cooke WR, Seedat F, Fischer R, Vatish M. Protein Profiling of Placental Extracellular Vesicles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1947. [PMID: 38396626 PMCID: PMC10887986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout pregnancy, some degree of insulin resistance is necessary to divert glucose towards the developing foetus. In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), insulin resistance is exacerbated in combination with insulin deficiency, causing new-onset maternal hyperglycaemia. The rapid reversal of insulin resistance following delivery strongly implicates the placenta in GDM pathogenesis. In this case-control study, we investigated the proteomic cargo of human syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles (STBEVs), which facilitate maternal-fetal signalling during pregnancy, in a UK-based cohort comprising patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks. Medium/large (m/l) and small (s) STBEVs were isolated from GDM (n = 4) and normal (n = 5) placentae using ex vivo dual-lobe perfusion and subjected to mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics were used to identify differentially carried proteins and mechanistic pathways. In m/lSTBEVs, 56 proteins were differently expressed while in sSTBEVs, no proteins reached statistical difference. Differences were also observed in the proteomic cargo between m/lSTBEVs and sSTBEVs, indicating that the two subtypes of STBEVs may have divergent modes of action and downstream effects. In silico functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins in m/lSTBEVs from GDM and normal pregnancy found positive regulation of cytoskeleton organisation as the most significantly enriched biological process. This work presents the first comparison of two populations of STBEVs' protein cargos (m/l and sSTBEVs) from GDM and normal pregnancy isolated using placenta perfusion. Further investigation of differentially expressed proteins may contribute to an understanding of GDM pathogenesis and the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva Kandzija
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Sophie Payne
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - William R. Cooke
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Faheem Seedat
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN Oxford, UK;
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.K.); (S.P.); (W.R.C.); (F.S.)
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Bartel I, Koszarska M, Strzałkowska N, Tzvetkov NT, Wang D, Horbańczuk JO, Wierzbicka A, Atanasov AG, Jóźwik A. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as a Nutrigenomic Factor in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Prominent Impact on Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119765. [PMID: 37298715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) accounts for a global health problem. It is a complex disease as a result of the combination of environmental as well as genetic factors. Morbidity is still increasing across the world. One of the possibilities for the prevention and mitigation of the negative consequences of type 2 diabetes is a nutritional diet rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. This review is focused on cyanidin-3-O-glucosidase (C3G), which belongs to the anthocyanins subclass, and its anti-diabetic properties. There are numerous pieces of evidence that C3G exerts positive effects on diabetic parameters, including in vitro and in vivo studies. It is involved in alleviating inflammation, reducing blood glucose, controlling postprandial hyperglycemia, and gene expression related to the development of T2D. C3G is one of the beneficial polyphenolic compounds that may help to overcome the public health problems associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Bartel
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Koszarska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nina Strzałkowska
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jarosław O Horbańczuk
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbicka
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Artur Jóźwik
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552 Jastrzębiec, Poland
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Gao L, Guo Y, Wang Z, Su C, Zhang H, Chen W, Huang Y. Exogenous insulin promotes the expression of B-cell translocation gene 1 and 2 in chicken pectoralis. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101875. [PMID: 35544956 PMCID: PMC9118148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell translocation genes (BTG) have been proved to play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism through modifying insulin homeostasis and glucose metabolism. This study, therefore, was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous insulin on the expression of BTG1 and BTG2 in chickens. Twenty-four-day-old broilers and layers were fasted for 16 h and randomly assigned to insulin treatment group (subcutaneously injected with 5 IU/kg body weight) or control group (received an equivalent volume of phosphate-buffered saline). Blood glucose concentration was measured, and it showed that the blood glucose concentrations in the layers were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the broilers under fasting state. Response to exogenous insulin, the blood glucose concentrations were greatly reduced in both breeds. Of note, the blood glucose concentration restored to 62% of the basal state at 240 min (P < 0.05) after insulin stimulation in layers, whereas it was still in low level until 240 min in broilers (under fast state). Tissue profiling revealed that both BTG1 and BTG2 were abundantly expressed in the skeletal muscles of broilers. A negative correlation was observed between blood glucose and BTG1 (ρ = −0.289, P = 0.031) /BTG2 (ρ = −0.500, P < 0.001) in pectoralis, and BTG1 (ρ = −0.462, P < 0.001) in pancreas. As blood glucose decreased due to exogenous insulin administration (under fast state), the expression of both BTG1 and BTG2 notably upregulated in birds’ pectoralis at 120 min and/or 240 min, meanwhile pancreas BTG1 was also upregulated. Re-feeding at 120 min elevated the blood glucose and reduced the expression of BTG genes in pectoralis generally. In addition, the change of BTG1 and BTG2 expression showed distinct difference between layers and broilers at 120 min and 240 min after insulin stimulation in pectoralis, pancreas and heart tissue; even after re-feeding at 120 min, BTG2 expression at 240 min after insulin injection was downregulated in the pectoralis of layers, while it was upregulated in that broilers. Collectively, these results indicated that response to exogenous insulin, chicken blood glucose exhibited breed-specific dynamic change, and meanwhile the expressions of both BTG1 and BTG2 genes in chickens were significantly altered by exogenous insulin in a breed- and tissue-specific manner. BTG1 and BTG2 genes may negatively regulate bird's blood glucose by promoting the glucose uptake corporately in pectoralis, and through regulating the insulin secretion in pancreas (especially BTG1).
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Fernandes R. The controversial role of glucose in the diabetic kidney. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e113. [PMID: 33532655 PMCID: PMC7846417 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis being the main mechanisms, the gluconeogenesis, renal glucose consumption and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubules. In this review, we present the main research into the role of glycogen-the stored form of glucose, and how it accumulates in the cells, providing new information on the link between diabetes and diabetic kidney disease. In the last 10 years, research under the scope of renal insulin handling, glucose transport in the proximal tubules, renal gluconeogenesis and renal insulin resistance, made possible to relate the roles of glucose and glycogen in the kidney with other several organs, like the liver. On the one hand, insulin positively regulates kidney uptake and degradation, and there is probably a specific action and resistance to insulin at the renal site. Moreover, insulin regulates the bioavailability of the sodium-glucose co-transporters-SGLT2 inhibitor, and inhibits renal gluconeogenesis. Only the liver and kidneys can supply glucose to the circulation through the process of gluconeogenesis, which involves the synthesis of glucose again from non-glycemic substrates; and the decomposition of stored glycogen. In the mind of nephrologists, diabetologists and scientists, glucose metabolism in the kidney is the focus, with the relevant success of inhibitors in reducing kidney and cardiovascular diseases in individuals with diabetes. However, these new data led to the intriguing paradigm that many of the beneficial effects on the renal and cardiovascular system appear to be independent of the systemic glucose-lowering actions of these agents. The goal of this work puts in context a highly relevant research area for renal glucose metabolism, of glycogen accumulation and metabolism in the diabetic kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Inovação e Investigação na Saúde - i3S, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7
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Anthocyanin Bioactivity in Obesity and Diabetes: The Essential Role of Glucose Transporters in the Gut and Periphery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112515. [PMID: 33233708 PMCID: PMC7699863 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes trends continue to worsen in the United States. Dietary anthocyanins (typically provided by berries and other fruits) are reported to have protective effects against both conditions using a variety of experimental research models including animal and human feeding studies. This review highlights studies that explore the biochemical pathways in both tissue and rodent models which could explain clinical improvements noted with anthocyanin consumption. First, the primary mode of intestinal absorption of anthocyanins is through both sGLT1 and GLUT2 glucose transporters. Stronger binding affinities may allow anthocyanins to be more inhibitive to glucose absorption compared to the reverse, where GLUT2 expression may also be affected. Genetic or chemical inhibition of sGLT1 or GLUT2 demonstrate their essential function in anthocyanin absorption across the enterocyte, where the former interacts with a greater variety of anthocyanins but the latter is the major transporter for specific anthocyanin-glycosides. Once absorbed, anthocyanins positively modulate GLUT4 density and function in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissues via the upregulation of AMPK and restoration of insulin sensitivity. Antioxidant properties and phosphodiesterase inhibition by anthocyanins promote both mitochondrial function and density which could be novel targets for dietary management of obesity and its complications.
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Nualkaew N, Phadannok P, Naladta A, Noipha K. Enhancing glucose uptake by Astraeus odoratus and Astraeus asiaticus extracts in L6 myotubes. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_323_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Villar ML, Godwin IR, Hegarty RS, Dobos RC, Smith KA, Clay JW, Nolan JV. The effects of dietary nitrate on plasma glucose and insulin sensitivity in sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1657-1662. [PMID: 31418937 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3 ¯ ) is an effective non-protein nitrogen source for gut microbes and reduces enteric methane (CH4 ) production in ruminants. Nitrate is reduced to ammonia by rumen bacteria with nitrite (NO2 ¯ ) produced as an intermediate. The absorption of NO2 ¯ can cause methaemoglobinaemia in ruminants. Metabolism of NO3 ¯ and NO2 ¯ in blood and animal tissues forms nitric oxide (NO) which has profound physiological effects in ruminants and has been shown to increase glucose uptake and insulin secretion in rodents and humans. We hypothesized that absorption of small quantities of NO2 ¯ resulting from a low-risk dose of dietary NO3 ¯ will increase insulin sensitivity (SI ) and glucose uptake in sheep. We evaluated the effect of feeding sheep with a diet supplemented with 18 g NO3 ¯ /kg DM or urea (Ur) isonitrogenously to NO3 ¯ , on insulin and glucose dynamics. A glucose tolerance test using an intravenous bolus of 1 ml/kg LW of 24% (w/v) glucose was conducted in twenty sheep, with 10 sheep receiving 1.8% supplementary NO3 ¯ and 10 receiving supplementary urea isonitrogenously to NO3 ¯ . The MINMOD model used plasma glucose and insulin concentrations to estimate basal plasma insulin (Ib ) and basal glucose concentration (Gb ), insulin sensitivity (SI ), glucose effectiveness (SG ), acute insulin response (AIRg) and disposition index (DI). Nitrate supplementation had no effect on Ib (p > .05). The decrease in blood glucose occurred at the same rate in both dietary treatments (SG ; p = .60), and there was no effect of NO3 ¯ on either Gb , SI , AIRg or DI. This experiment found that the insulin dynamics assessed using the MINMOD model were not affected by NO3 ¯ administered to fasted sheep at a low dose of 1.8% NO3 ¯ in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Villar
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), S.C. Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Ian R Godwin
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Robin C Dobos
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Livestock Industries Centre, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine A Smith
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon W Clay
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - John V Nolan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Kim JY, Jun DW, Choi J, Nam E, Son D, Choi YY. Psoas muscle fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake associated with the incidence of existing and incipient metabolic derangement. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:894-902. [PMID: 31094095 PMCID: PMC6711454 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle glucose utilization is an important component of whole-body glucose consumption in normal humans. Fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) is a non-invasive molecular imaging probe for evaluating tissue glucose utilization. It remains unclear whether or not 18 F-FDG uptake by skeletal muscle has utility as a biomarker for metabolic derangement. We investigated the utility of measurement of muscle 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography uptake as a surrogate marker for existing and incipient metabolic abnormalities. METHODS Fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) uptakes of insulin-sensitive organs (liver, pancreas, mesenteric visceral fat, psoas muscle, and abdominal subcutaneous fat) and their association with metabolic abnormalities were evaluated in an experimental group comprising 91 men and 66 women (mean age 49.9 ± 11.1 years). In this cross-sectional cohort, we assessed the predictive power of the optimal cut-off 18 F-FDG uptake [maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax )]. We confirmed its feasibility and reliability for diagnosis of existing and incipient metabolic derangement in the validation group (longitudinal cohort comprising 91 men and 67 women; mean age 52.6 ± 7.9 years). RESULTS Fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) uptake (SUVmax ) of psoas muscle was strongly correlated with clinical metabolic parameters in the experimental group. It was positively correlated with waist circumference, body mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, systolic and diastolic pressure, and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (for all, P < 0.05). SUVmax of the psoas muscle also showed the best area under the curve value (0.779) as a predictor of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the experimental group. Using the optimal cut-off SUVmax of 1.34, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for predicting existing MetS in the experimental group were 70.0%, 84.6%, 80.9%, 60.9%, and 89.2%, respectively. In the validation group, corresponding values were 47.6%, 92.3%, 86.1%, 50.0%, and 91.6%, respectively. Existing and incipient MetS were significantly higher in subjects with high 18 F-FDG uptake by the psoas muscle (SUVmax > 1.34). Subjects with higher psoas muscle SUVmax had a 3.3-fold increased risk of developing MetS (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) uptake of psoas muscle is a promising surrogate marker for existing and incipient metabolic derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Choi
- Department of Fusion Data Analytics, School of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunwoo Nam
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Biostatistical Consulting and Research Lab, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Gil‐Iturbe E, Arbones‐Mainar JM, Moreno‐Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. GLUT12 and adipose tissue: Expression, regulation and its relation with obesity in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13283. [PMID: 31002200 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The facilitative glucose transporter GLUT12 was isolated from the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by its homology with GLUT4. GLUT12 is expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues such as adipose tissue. The aim of this work was to investigate GLUT12 expression and hormonal regulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in adipose tissue of lean and diet-induced obese mice. METHODS Uptake studies were performed using radio-labelled sugars; α-methyl-d-glucose (αMG) was used as specific substrate of GLUT12. Expression and localization of GLUT12 in adipocytes were investigated by western blot and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS GLUT12 is expressed in the peri-nuclear region of mouse adipocytes. Insulin, by AKT activation, and TNF-α, by AMPK activation, increase αMG uptake by inducing GLUT12 translocation to the membrane. In contrast, leptin and adiponectin decrease GLUT12 activity through its internalization. Under hypoxia conditions GLUT12 expression is upregulated. The response of GLUT12 to TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin and hypoxia is the opposite to that of GLUT4. In diet-induced obese mice and obese subjects, GLUT12 protein is decreased. Intraperitoneal injection of insulin increases AKT phosphorylation and GLUT12 expression, but this effect is lost in obese animals. CONCLUSION We hypothesize that GLUT12 would contribute to modulate sugar absorption in physiological and pathophysiological situations such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil‐Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - José Miguel Arbones‐Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat) Unidad de Investigación Traslacional, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Zaragoza Spain
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
| | - María J. Moreno‐Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- CIBERobn, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) Madrid Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Research Centre University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona Spain
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12
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Additional effects of duodenojejunal bypass on glucose metabolism in a rat model of sleeve gastrectomy. Surg Today 2019; 49:637-644. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-1772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Evaluation of 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters for reflection of aggressiveness and prediction of prognosis in early-stage cervical cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:1045-1052. [PMID: 30204642 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the value of five typical fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) parameters (including SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, MTV and TLG) in the reflecting aggressiveness and predicting prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study enrolled 85 primary cervical cancer patients who underwent preoperative fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans. We investigated the association of five parameters derived from PET/CT with clinicopathological characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter protein-1 (GLUT-1), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the correlation between PET/CT parameters and the expression of GLUT-1, TIGAR, and VEGF was analyzed. In addition, we also investigated the correlation between disease-free survival of cervical cancer patients and PET/CT parameters. RESULTS The mean peak standardized uptake value (SUV)peak showed significant differences between all three International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages (P<0.001-0.032). The patients with lymph node metastasis had significantly higher SUVpeak, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) compared with those with the absence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.038, 0.024, and 0.010, respectively). All the five parameters showed an association with tumor size and cervical stromal invasion depth. Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the SUVpeak showed the highest association with the expression of GLUT-1, TIGAR, and VEGF (rs=0.705, P<0.001, rs=-0.466, P<0.001, rs=0.580, P<0.001, respectively) in these five parameters. The survival analysis showed that SUVpeak, MTV, and TLG were correlated with disease-free survival (P=0.042, P<0.001, and P=0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION Early-stage cervical cancer with high SUVpeak may reflect more aggressive behavior, and SUVpeak, MTV, and TLG can be used to predict the prognosis of early-stage cervical cancer patients. It may help with the choice of individualized treatment options.
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Bai X, Moraes TF, Reithmeier RAF. Structural biology of solute carrier (SLC) membrane transport proteins. Mol Membr Biol 2018; 34:1-32. [PMID: 29651895 DOI: 10.1080/09687688.2018.1448123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The human solute carriers (SLCs) comprise over 400 different transporters, organized into 65 families ( http://slc.bioparadigms.org/ ) based on their sequence homology and transport function. SLCs are responsible for transporting extraordinarily diverse solutes across biological membranes, including inorganic ions, amino acids, lipids, sugars, neurotransmitters and drugs. Most of these membrane proteins function as coupled symporters (co-transporters) utilizing downhill ion (H+ or Na+) gradients as the driving force for the transport of substrate against its concentration gradient into cells. Other members work as antiporters (exchangers) that typically contain a single substrate-binding site with an alternating access mode of transport, while a few members exhibit channel-like properties. Dysfunction of SLCs is correlated with numerous human diseases and therefore they are potential therapeutic drug targets. In this review, we identified all of the SLC crystal structures that have been determined, most of which are from prokaryotic species. We further sorted all the SLC structures into four main groups with different protein folds and further discuss the well-characterized MFS (major facilitator superfamily) and LeuT (leucine transporter) folds. This review provides a systematic analysis of the structure, molecular basis of substrate recognition and mechanism of action in different SLC family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bai
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- a Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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15
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Hirata T, Yoshitomi T, Inoue M, Iigo Y, Matsumoto K, Kubota K, Shinagawa A. Pathological and gene expression analysis of a polygenic diabetes model, NONcNZO10/LtJ mice. Gene 2017; 629:52-58. [PMID: 28760554 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The NONcNZO10/LtJ mouse is a polygenic model of type-2 diabetes (T2D) that shows moderate obesity and diabetes, and is regarded as a good model reflective of the conditions of human T2D. In this study, we analyzed pathological changes of pancreases with the progress of time by using histopathology and gene expression analysis, including microRNA. A number of gene expression changes associated with decreased insulin secretion (possibly regulated by miR-29a/b) were observed, and zinc homeostasis (Slc30a8, Mt1 and Mt2) or glucose metabolism (Slc2a2) was suggested as being the candidate mechanism of pancreas failure in NONcNZO10/LtJ mice. These results demonstrate NONcNZO10/LtJ mice have a complex pathogenic mechanism of diabetes, and moreover, this fundamental information of NONcNZO10/LtJ mice would offer the opportunity for research and development of a novel antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirata
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yoshitomi
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Minoru Inoue
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yutaka Iigo
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Kazuishi Kubota
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan.
| | - Akira Shinagawa
- Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 1-16-13, Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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16
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Glucose uptake of the muscle and adipose tissues in diabetes and obesity disease models: evaluation of insulin and β3-adrenergic receptor agonist effects by 18F-FDG. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31:413-423. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-017-1169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Donovan EL, Buckels EJ, Hancock S, Smeitink D, Oliver MH, Bloomfield FH, Jaquiery AL. Twin Conception in Sheep Leads to Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Sexually Dimorphic Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes in Adulthood. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:865-881. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116670516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise L. Donovan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma J. Buckels
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Serina Hancock
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Mark H. Oliver
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frank H. Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anne L. Jaquiery
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Li J, Chen T, Li K, Yan H, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Su B, Li F. Neurolytic celiac plexus block enhances skeletal muscle insulin signaling and attenuates insulin resistance in GK rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2033-2041. [PMID: 27168847 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is associated with chronic inflammatory activity and disrupted insulin signaling, leading to insulin resistance (IR). The present study investigated the benefits of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) on IR in a rat NIDDM model. Goto-Kakizaki rats fed a high-fat, high-glucose diet to induce signs of NIDDM were randomly divided into NCPB and control groups; these received daily bilateral 0.5% lidocaine or 0.9% saline injections into the celiac plexus, respectively. Following 14 and 28 daily injections, rats were subject to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) or sacrificed for the analysis of serum free fatty acids (FFAs), serum inflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle insulin signaling. Compared with controls, rats in the NCPB group demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) lower baseline, 60-min and 120-min OGTT values, lower 120-min serum insulin, lower IR [higher insulin sensitivity index (ISI1) and lower ISI2) and lower serum FFAs, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Conversely, NCPB rats exhibited higher basal and insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake and higher skeletal muscle insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 expression. There were no differences between the groups in insulin receptor β (Rβ) or Akt expression; however Rβ-Y1162/Y1163 and Akt-S473 phosphorylation levels were higher and IRS-1-S307 phosphorylation were lower in NCPB rats than in the controls. These results indicate that NCPB improved insulin signaling and reduced IR, possibly by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Kun Li
- Medical Laboratory Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Yan
- General Surgery Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Su
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Department of ICU, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
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Hong YJ, Kang ES, Ji MJ, Choi HJ, Oh T, Koong SS, Jeon HJ. Association between Bsm1 Polymorphism in Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Diabetic Retinopathy of Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Population. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2015; 30:469-74. [PMID: 26790383 PMCID: PMC4722400 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2015.30.4.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common diseases with devastating complications. However, genetic susceptibility of diabetic complications has not been clarified. The vitamin D endocrine system is related with calcification and lipolysis, insulin secretion, and may be associated with many complicated disease including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene were associated with diabetic complications. METHODS In present study, we evaluated the association of BsmI polymorphism of VDR with diabetic complications in Korean diabetes patients. Total of 537 type 2 diabetic subjects from the Endocrinology Clinic of Chungbuk National University Hospital were investigated. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to test the genotype and allele frequency of BsmI (rs1544410; BB, Bb, bb) polymorphisms. RESULTS Mean age was 62.44±10.64 years and mean disease duration was 13.65±7.39 years. Patients with B allele (BB or Bb) was significantly associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy (severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy or proliferative retinopathy; 7.4%, 5/68) compared with patients without B allele (bb; 17.3%, 81/469; P=0.035). This association was also significant after adjusting for hemoglobin A1c level, body mass index, age, sex, and diabetes mellitus duration, concurrent dyslipidemia and hypertension (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 8.29; P=0.035) in logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that B allele of Bsm1 polymorphism in VDR gene is associated with lower risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Bsm1 genotype could be used as a susceptibility marker to predict the risk of diabetes complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Taekeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Koong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick O Hernández-Ochoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Camilo Vanegas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Javed A, Balagopal PB, Vella A, Fischer PR, Piccinini F, Dalla Man C, Cobelli C, Giesler PD, Laugen JM, Kumar S. Association between thyrotropin levels and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid obese adolescents. Thyroid 2015; 25:478-84. [PMID: 25777801 PMCID: PMC4426325 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyrotropin (TSH) levels display a positive association with body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of isolated hyperthyrotropinemia is higher in obese adolescents compared to their normal weight controls. However, the metabolic significance of the higher TSH in obese adolescents is less clear. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between TSH concentrations and insulin sensitivity, lipids, and adipokines in euthyroid, non-diabetic, obese adolescents. METHODS Thirty-six euthyroid, non-diabetic, obese adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 years underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (Si) and pancreatic β-cell function as assessed by disposition index (DI) were measured using the oral glucose minimal model approach. Cholesterol (total, low-density lipoprotein [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL-C]), triglycerides (TG), interleukin-6 (IL-6), total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) were also determined. Associations between measures of thyroid function and Si, DI, lipids, and adipokines were computed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 14.3±1.88 years, and the mean BMI was 32.5±4.65 kg/m2; 97% were non-Hispanic white and 47% were male. The mean TSH was 2.7±1.2 mIU/L. Increasing serum TSH was correlated with decreasing Si (log Si) in the entire cohort (p=0.03), but this relationship persisted only in males (p=0.02). The correlation between TSH and Si in males remained significant after adjusting for BMI (p=0.02). There was no correlation between TSH and pancreatic β-cell function as assessed by DI (p=0.48). TSH correlated positively with LDL-C (p=0.04) and IL-6 (p=0.03), but these associations vanished or weakened after adjusting for BMI (LDL-C p-value=0.44; IL-6 p-value=0.07). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a sex-specific association between TSH and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid, non-diabetic, obese adolescent males. Prospective studies are warranted to explore further this sexual dimorphism in the relationship between thyroid function and insulin sensitivity and to determine if obese adolescents with insulin resistance receiving thyroid supplements for hypothyroidism would benefit from targeting TSH levels in the lower half of normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Javed
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Philip R. Fischer
- Division of General Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paula D. Giesler
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeanette M. Laugen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Vijayakumar SN, Sethuraman S, Krishnan UM. Metabolic pathways in cancers: key targets and implications in cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and self-sufficiency are two of the most important properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Narayanan Vijayakumar
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur-613401
- India
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Larsen BA, Allison MA, Laughlin GA, Araneta MRG, Barrett-Connor E, Wooten WJ, Saad SD, Wassel CL. The association between abdominal muscle and type II diabetes across weight categories in diverse post-menopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E105-9. [PMID: 25250636 PMCID: PMC4283010 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the key role of muscle in glucose regulation, little is known about the association between muscle area and prevalence of metabolic disorders, or the role low muscle may play in normal weight metabolic obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the independent associations between both abdominal muscle and fat depositions (measured by computed tomography) and the prevalence of type II diabetes, and to explore the modifying role of weight category. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2001-2002 visit for the Rancho Bernardo Study, Filipino Women's Health Study, and Health Assessment Study of African American Women. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were 392 community-dwelling older women (mean age = 64) free of clinical cardiovascular disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome was prevalence of type II diabetes, defined as use of anti-diabetes medication, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, and/or OGTT ≥ 200 mg/dL. RESULTS Adjusting for demographics, hypertension, estrogen use, lipids, smoking, physical activity, visceral fat area, and height, a greater muscle-to-total abdominal area ratio (MAR) was associated with lower odds of diabetes [OR = 0.63 per standard deviation, 95% CI (0.43-0.92), p = .02]. Higher visceral fat was associated with greater odds of diabetes in fully adjusted models including total muscle area [OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.09, 2.01), p = .01]. Associations between MAR and diabetes were stronger for normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9; OR = 0.32) than overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 25, OR = 0.71, p-for-interaction = 0.046). Associations with visceral fat did not differ by BMI (p-for-interaction = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS In older women, abdominal muscle area is inversely associated with type II diabetes independent of visceral adiposity, particularly for normal weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta A Larsen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (B.A.L., M.A.A., G.A.L., M.R.G., E.B-C., W.J.W., S.D.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; and Department of Epidemiology (C.L.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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Howell GE, Mulligan C, Meek E, Chambers JE. Effect of chronic p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) exposure on high fat diet-induced alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism in male C57BL/6H mice. Toxicology 2014; 328:112-22. [PMID: 25541407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disease affecting 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population of the United States. The most prevalent form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes (T2D) which comprises 90-95% of all reported cases of diabetes. While the exact cause of T2D remains an enigma, known risk factors include age, weight, sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and genetic predisposition. However, these risk factors can not sufficiently explain the increasing prevalence of T2D. Recently, environmental exposures have been explored as potential risk factors. Indeed, epidemiological and limited empirical studies have revealed elevated serum concentrations of certain persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including the bioaccumulative metabolite of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), are positively correlated with increased T2D prevalence. The goal of the present study is to determine if chronic exposure to DDE promotes T2D in a widely used in vivo model, the high saturated fat-fed mouse. Male C57BL/6H mice were exposed to DDE (2.0mg/kg) or vehicle (corn oil; 1ml/kg) via gavage for 5 consecutive days, then every 7 days for the duration of the study. One week following the 5 day consecutive DDE dosing, animals were placed on either a low fat (10%kcal from lard) or high fat (45%kcal from lard) diet (HFD) for 13 weeks. Chronic exposure to DDE promoted fasting hyperglycemia after 4 and 8 weeks on the HFD diet and normalized fasting blood glucose levels at week 13. This DDE-mediated decrease in fasting hyperglycemia was preceded by improved glucose tolerance at week 12. In addition to normalizing fasting hyperglycemia at the end of high fat feeding, DDE exposure decreased HFD-induced fasting hyperinsulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, based on the current data, chronic DDE exposure appears to have a biphasic effect on HFD-induced hyperglycemia in the male C57BL/6H mouse characterized by elevated fasting blood glucose at weeks 4 and 8 of HFD intake followed by normoglycemia upon sacrifice. In addition, chronic DDE exposure reduced HFD-induced hepatic steatosis upon sacrifice. These results indicate chronic exposure to DDE can directly affect systemic glucose and hepatic lipid metabolism and that these effects can be diet dependent.
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MESH Headings
- Adipokines/blood
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/pharmacology
- Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity
- Diet, Fat-Restricted
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dyslipidemias/blood
- Dyslipidemias/etiology
- Dyslipidemias/prevention & control
- Environmental Pollutants/pharmacology
- Environmental Pollutants/toxicity
- Fatty Liver/blood
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Fatty Liver/prevention & control
- Food-Drug Interactions
- Glucose Intolerance/blood
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Hyperinsulinism/blood
- Hyperinsulinism/etiology
- Hyperinsulinism/prevention & control
- Insecticides/pharmacology
- Insecticides/toxicity
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Lipids/blood
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Charlee Mulligan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, MS 39762, USA
| | - Edward Meek
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, MS 39762, USA
| | - Janice E Chambers
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, MS 39762, USA
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Kim J, Jeong JI, Kim KM, Choi I, Pratley RE, Lee YH. Improved glucose tolerance with restored expression of glucose transporter 4 in C57BL/6 mice after a long period of high-fat diet feeding. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.924995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lee SY, Kurita N, Yokoyama Y, Seki M, Hasegawa Y, Okoshi Y, Chiba S. Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus in patients with lymphoma treated with CHOP chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2013; 22:1385-90. [PMID: 24362844 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-2097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major complication arising from corticosteroid administration, but there is lack of studies on GDM attributing to CHOP chemotherapy. We studied the incidence and risk factors for GDM development in patients with lymphoma during CHOP chemotherapy. METHODS We analyzed 80 patients with lymphoma treated with a CHOP regimen with or without rituximab between 2004 and 2012 at the University of Tsukuba hospital. Patients with a known history of DM were excluded. Diagnosis of DM was performed according to the American Diabetes Association's criteria. RESULTS Among the 80 patients, 26 (32.5 %) developed GDM. We found that age ≥ 60 years, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels >6.1 %, body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m(2), prednisolone administration prior to chemotherapy, history of hypertension or hypertension at admission, and the presence of metabolic syndrome were significant (p ≤ 0.05) factors associated with GDM development by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 60 years [p<0.05; hazard ratio (HR)=3.59; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.22-10.51], HbA1c levels >6.1 % (p<0.05; HR=9.35; 95%CI, 1.45-60.34), and BMI >30 kg/m(2) (p=0.052; HR=6.27; 95%CI, 0.98-40.00) were independently significant association factors. CONCLUSION The results suggest a guideline for plasma glucose monitoring during CHOP chemotherapy in patients with no history of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Young Lee
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tamilselvan B, Seshadri KG, Venkatraman G. Role of vitamin D on the expression of glucose transporters in L6 myotubes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2013; 17:S326-S328. [PMID: 24251203 PMCID: PMC3830349 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.119642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of glucose transporters is a major characteristic of diabetes. Vitamin D has evolved widespread interest in the pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D in the overall regulation of muscle cell glucose transporter expression. L6 cells were exposed to type 1 and type 2 diabetic conditions and the effect of calcitriol (1,25, dihydroxy cholicalciferol) on the expression of glucose transporters was studied by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was a significant decrease in glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), GLUT4, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and IR expression in type 1 and 2 diabetic model compared to control group. Treatment of myoblasts with 10-7 M calcitriol for 24 h showed a significant increase in GLUT1, GLUT4, VDR, and insulin receptor (IR) expression. The results indicate a potential antidiabetic function of vitamin D on GLUT1, GLUT4, VDR, and IR by improving receptor gene expression suggesting a role for vitamin D in regulation of expression of the glucose transporters in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bubblu Tamilselvan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna G. Seshadri
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Weng SW, Kuo HM, Chuang JH, Lin TK, Huang HL, Lin HY, Liou CW, Wang PW. Study of insulin resistance in cybrid cells harboring diabetes-susceptible and diabetes-protective mitochondrial haplogroups. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:888-97. [PMID: 23948373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to elucidate the independent role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR). METHODS Cybrids derived from 143B osteosarcoma cell line and harboring the same nuclear DNA but different mitochondrial haplogroups were studied. Cybrid B4 (the major diabetes-susceptible haplogroup in Chinese population), cybrid D4 (the major diabetes-resistant haplogroup in Chinese population) and cybrid N9 (the diabetes-resistant haplogroup in Japanese population) were cultured in a medium containing 25 mM glucose and stimulated with 0 μM, 0.1 μM, and 1.0 μM insulin. We compared the insulin activation of PI3K-Akt (glucose uptake) and ERK-MAPK (pro-inflammation) signaling pathways, intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress (DCF and MitoSOX Red), and their responses to the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). RESULTS Upon insulin treatment, the translocation of cytoplasmic GLUT1/GLUT4 to the cell membrane in cybrid D4 and N9 cells increased significantly, whereas the changes in B4 cells were not or less significant. On the contrary, the ratio of insulin-induced JNK and P38 to Akt phosphorylation was significantly greater in cybrid B4 cells than in cybrid D4 and N9 cells. The levels of DCF and MitoSOX Red, which are indicative of the oxidative stress, were significantly higher in the B4 cells in basal conditions and after insulin treatment. Following treatment with the antioxidant NAC, cybrid B4 cells showed significantly reduced insulin-induced phosphorylation of P38 and increased GLUT1/GLUT4 translocation to the cell membrane, suggesting that NAC may divert insulin signaling from pro-inflammation to glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria play an independent role in the pathogenesis of IR, possibly through altered production of intracellular ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Ninety-one years ago insulin was discovered, which was one of the most important medical discoveries in the past century, transforming the lives of millions of diabetic patients. Initially insulin was considered only important for rapid control of blood glucose by its action on a restricted number of tissues; however, it has now become clear that this hormone controls an array of cellular processes in many different tissues. The present review will focus on the role of insulin in the kidney in health and disease.
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Sattar NA, Hussain F, Iqbal T, Sheikh MA. Determination of in vitro antidiabetic effects of Zingiber officinale Roscoe. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502012000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale rhizomes were studied to evaluate their antidiabetic effects on protein glycation and on the diffusion of glucose in vitro in the present study. Zingiber officinale rhizome aqueous extract were examined at concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/L. The antidiabetic effects were found to be dose-dependent. Antidiabetic potential of Zingiber officinale was mainly through inhibition of the glucose diffusion and to a limited extent by reducing the glycation. However, further studies are needed to determine in vitro effects of therapeutic potential by restraining postprandial glucose absorptions and plasma protein glycations in diabetic subjects.
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Farasat T, Cheema AM, Khan MN. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance is associated with low T₃/T₄ ratio in pre diabetic euthyroid Pakistani subjects. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:522-5. [PMID: 22795338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of thyroid hormones in glucose homeostasis in impaired glucose-tolerant subjects with normal thyroid functions. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was carried out in (n=260) impaired glucose-tolerant (IGT) and normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) subjects. Thyrotropin (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT₃), total thyroxin (TT₄) free T₃ (fT₃), free T₄ (fT₄), and insulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured by glucose oxidase and low-pressure cation exchange chromatography. Homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA-IR) was employed to assess the level of insulin resistance; fT₃/fT₄ ratio was calculated. Anthropometric measurement and habits were recorded. RESULTS Marked hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance were observed in IGT subjects. Serum TT₃ and fT₃ levels were significantly low in the IGT as compared to normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) controls. TT₄ and TSH were higher in IGT subjects as compared to control subjects. There was a significant positive correlation of TSH with BMI only in the control group (r=0.351; P<0.05). Correlation of insulin with TT₃, fT₃,and TSH was significant (P<0.05) in IGT subjects. A significant low fT₃/fT₄ ratio was observed in IGT subjects as compared to NGT subjects (P<0.01). In multiple regression analysis, TSH, TT₄ and fT₃ contributed significantly to the variance of fasting insulin and insulin resistance in IGT subjects. CONCLUSION Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are associated with low T₃/T₄ ratio in pre-diabetic euthyroid Pakistani subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnim Farasat
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Shah NK, Deeb WE, Choksi R, Epstein BJ. Dapagliflozin: a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2012; 32:80-94. [PMID: 22392830 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has grown to staggering numbers, and its incidence is expected to rise in the next 2 decades. The need for novel approaches to treat hyperglycemia cannot be ignored. Current agents have been shown to modestly improve glycemia and in some cases prevent complications of diabetes, but they become less effective over time and are often accompanied by undesirable adverse effects. Dapagliflozin is the lead agent in a new class of oral antidiabetic agents known as sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which represent a novel approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By selectively and reversibly blocking the SGLT2 receptor, dapagliflozin prevents the reabsorption of glucose at the renal proximal tubule. Phase II and III clinical trials have demonstrated that dapagliflozin is a safe and effective method for treating type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin produces a sustained, dose-dependent reduction in plasma glucose levels while simultaneously improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. Over 12-24 weeks, reductions in hemoglobin A(1c) ranged from 0.54-0.89% when dapagliflozin was administered once/day (either as monotherapy or add-on therapy to oral antidiabetic drugs with or without insulin) to patients with type 2 diabetes. Therapy with dapagliflozin also results in a mild osmotic-diuretic effect that may account for decreases in total body weight (~2-3 kg) and blood pressure (systolic 2-5 mm Hg, diastolic 1.5-3 mm Hg), and increases in hematocrit (1-2%). Dapagliflozin has a favorable safety profile, with the rates of hypoglycemia similar to those of placebo. Genital and urinary tract infections were more commonly reported in patients taking dapagliflozin (2-13%) than those taking placebo (0-8%). Dapagliflozin does not appear to cause electrolyte disturbances, hepatotoxicity, or nephrotoxicity. Results from clinical trials have been promising, and well-designed clinical programs that address the long-term safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niren K Shah
- East Coast Institute for Research, Jacksonville, Florida 32223, USA.
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ZENG YU, GU PINGQING, LIU KANGSHENG, HUANG PEILIN. Maternal protein restriction in rats leads to reduced PGC-1α expression via altered DNA methylation in skeletal muscle. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:306-12. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Fam BC, Rose LJ, Sgambellone R, Ruan Z, Proietto J, Andrikopoulos S. Normal muscle glucose uptake in mice deficient in muscle GLUT4. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:313-27. [PMID: 22736482 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a major characteristic underpinning type 2 diabetes. Impairments in the insulin responsiveness of the glucose transporter, Glut4 (Slc2a4), have been suggested to be a contributing factor to this disturbance. We have produced muscle-specific Glut4 knockout (KO) mice using Cre/LoxP technology on a C57BL6/J background and shown undetectable levels of GLUT4 in both skeletal muscle and heart. Our aim was to determine whether complete deletion of muscle GLUT4 does in fact lead to perturbations in glucose homoeostasis. Glucose tolerance, glucose turnover and 2-deoxyglucose uptake into muscle and fat under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions were assessed in 12-week-old KO and control mice using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hyperinsulinaemic/euglycaemic clamp respectively. KO mice weighed ~17% less and had significantly heavier hearts compared with control mice. Basally, plasma glucose and plasma insulin were significantly lower in the KO compared with control mice, which conferred normal glucose tolerance. Despite the lack of GLUT4 in the KO mouse muscle, glucose uptake was not impaired in skeletal muscle but was reduced in heart under insulin-stimulated conditions. Neither GLUT1 nor GLUT12 protein levels were altered in the skeletal muscle or heart tissue of our KO mice. High-fat feeding did not alter glucose tolerance in the KO mice but led to elevated plasma insulin levels during the glucose tolerance test. Our study demonstrates that deletion of muscle GLUT4 does not adversely affect glucose disposal and glucose tolerance and that compensation from other transporters may contribute to this unaltered homoeostasis of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Fam
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Colella L, Beyer C, Fröhlich J, Talary M, Renaud P. Microelectrode-based dielectric spectroscopy of glucose effect on erythrocytes. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 85:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
Acute hyperglycemia is a common feature during the early phase after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), regardless of diabetes status. Numerous studies have demonstrated that patients with AMI and hyperglycemia on admission have high rates of mortality. It has been reported that there is a linear positive relation between admission blood glucose levels and mortality after AMI. However, recent studies showed that the relationship is U-shaped in patients with a history of diabetes. Diabetic patients with moderate hyperglycemia (glucose 9-11 mmol/L) had the lowest mortality and not only severe hyperglycemia (glucose ≥ 11 mmol/L) but also euglycemia (glucose < 7 mmol/L) was associated with higher mortality. Although it has been debated whether acute hyperglycemia is causally related to adverse outcomes after AMI or is simply an epiphenomenon of severely damaged myocardium, multiple physiological studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia has a direct detrimental effect on ischemic myocardium through several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulation, platelet aggregation and impairment of ischemic preconditioning. Current guidelines recommend the use of an insulin-based regimen to achieve and maintain glucose levels < 10.0 mmol/dl, and emphasize the avoidance of hypoglycemia. However, the optimal management goal of glucose levels for patients with acute hyperglycemia remains uncertain. Further studies are warranted into the appropriate management in patients with AMI and acute hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Li Q, Hosaka T, Shikama Y, Bando Y, Kosugi C, Kataoka N, Nakaya Y, Funaki M. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) mediates 5-HT-induced insulin resistance through activation of EGF receptor-ERK1/2-mTOR pathway. Endocrinology 2012; 153:56-68. [PMID: 22028447 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although an inverse correlation between insulin sensitivity and the level of Gq/11-coupled receptor agonists, such as endothelin-1, thrombin, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), has been reported, its precise mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we provide evidence that 5-HT induced production of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and caused insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, primary adipocytes, and C2C12 myotubes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 5-HT stimulated HB-EGF production by promoting metalloproteinase-dependent shedding of transmembrane protein pro-HB-EGF. HB-EGF then bound and tyrosine-phosphorylated EGF receptors, which activated the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway through ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Mammalian target of rapamycin activation caused serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, which attenuated insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose uptake. Pharmacological inhibition of either Gq/11-coupled receptors or metalloproteinases, as well as either inhibition or knockdown of HB-EGF or Gαq/11, restored insulin signal transduction impaired by 5-HT. Inhibition of metalloproteinase activity also abolished HB-EGF production and subsequent EGF receptor activation by other Gq/11-coupled receptor agonists known to cause insulin resistance, such as endothelin-1 and thrombin. These results suggest that transactivation of the EGF receptor through HB-EGF processing plays a pivotal role in 5-HT-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinkai Li
- The Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Abstract
Delivery of the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) from an intracellular location to the cell surface in response to insulin represents a specialized form of membrane traffic, known to be impaired in the disease states of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Like all membrane trafficking events, this translocation of GLUT4 requires members of the SNARE family of proteins. Here, we discuss two SNARE complexes that have been implicated in insulin-regulated GLUT4 traffic: one regulating the final delivery of GLUT4 to the cell surface in response to insulin and the other controlling GLUT4's intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia J Bryant
- Henry Wellcome Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, Davidson Building, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Hirata Y, Hosaka T, Iwata T, Le CT, Jambaldorj B, Teshigawara K, Harada N, Sakaue H, Sakai T, Yoshimoto K, Nakaya Y. Vimentin binds IRAP and is involved in GLUT4 vesicle trafficking. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:96-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bryan S, Alexander-Lindo R, Dasgupta T, McGrowder D. The effect of nitric oxide inhibitors and Snitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine on glucose concentration in an animal model. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2011; 2:80-6. [PMID: 22470240 PMCID: PMC3312705 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.82314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is becoming an increasingly important signaling molecule implicated in a growing number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Research on the effect of NO donors on glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues have grown rapidly in the last decade. This study examined the effects of N(G)methyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) and N(G)methyl-L-arginine ester (L-NAME) on fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations. The study also investigated if L-NMMA and L-NAME decrease the hyperglycemic effect caused by the NO donor S-nitrosoN-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in normoglycemic rats. RESULTS L-NAME and L-NMMA significantly lowered the postprandial blood glucose concentrations. Mean postprandial blood glucose concentrations in rats treated with L-NAME were 5.04 ± 0.07 mmol/L at 120 min, 4.62 ± 0.19 mmol/L at 150 min and 4.36 ± 0.17 mmol/L at 180 min time points compared with 5.46 ± 0.14 (P = 0.029), 5.20 ± 0.17 mmol/L (P = 0.036), and 4.89 ± 0.14 mmol/L (P = 0.015) at the same time points respectively for saline control. Mean blood glucose concentrations in rats treated with L-NMMA were 4.35 ± 0.23 mmol/L (P = 0.0018) at 120 min, 4.60 ± 0.14 mmol/L (P = 0.090) at 150 min and 3.88 ± 0.16 mmol/L (P 0.001) at 180 min. There were significant differences in mean postprandial blood glucose concentrations in rats treated with SNAP, compared with those treated with L-NAME and SNAP at 90 min (P = 0.012), 180 min (P = 0.013) and 210 min (P < 0.0001). In addition, there were significant differences in mean postprandial blood glucose concentrations in rats treated with SNAP compared with those treated with L-NMMA and SNAP at 90 min (P = 0.0011), 180 min (P = 0.015) and 210 min (P = 0.0077). CONCLUSION The nitric oxide synthase [NOS] inhibitors were effective in reducing postprandial blood glucose concentration in rats treated with SNAP. This suggests that although SNAP is an effective antihypertensive agent it decreases glucose tolerance which can be improved by the use of NOS inhibitors such as L-NMMA or L-NAME. These drugs could be beneficial in controlling blood glucose tolerance in rats administered with SNAP, and possibly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bryan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Ruby Alexander-Lindo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Tara Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies
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Abstract
AbstractLactation in goats is associated with an insulin resistance manifested by an impairment of the ability of insulin maximally to stimulate skeletal muscle glucose utilization. The mechanism responsible for this modification is unknown. Therefore an investigation was made of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) in three skeletal muscles from six lactating (peak of lactation) and six non-lactating goats. GLUT-4 protein content was assessed in crude membrane preparations and Triton X-100 extracts by Western-blot analysis. Lactation resulted in a decrease in GLUT-4 protein content. This decrease was more pronounced in oxidoglycolytic muscles (proportionately -0·40 to -0·60 in m. tensor fasciae latae and longissimus dorsi) than in oxidative muscles (-0·20 in masseter). Down-regulation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) expression in skeletal muscles from lactating goats may be responsible for the decrease in insulin responsiveness of glucose utilization previously observed in vivo.
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Gailliot MT, Hildebrandt B, Eckel LA, Baumeister RF. A Theory of Limited Metabolic Energy and Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms: Increased Metabolic Demands during the Luteal Phase Divert Metabolic Resources from and Impair Self-Control. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1037/a0018525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Claussen JC, Kim SS, Haque AU, Artiles MS, Porterfield DM, Fisher TS. Electrochemical glucose biosensor of platinum nanospheres connected by carbon nanotubes. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2010; 4:312-9. [PMID: 20307391 PMCID: PMC2864166 DOI: 10.1177/193229681000400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose biosensors comprised of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metallic nanoparticles offer enhanced electrochemical performance that produces highly sensitive glucose sensing. This article presents a facile biosensor fabrication and biofunctionalization procedure that utilizes CNTs electrochemically decorated with platinum (Pt) nanospheres to sense glucose amperometrically with high sensitivity. METHOD Carbon nanotubes are grown in situ by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) and electro-chemically decorated with Pt nanospheres to form a CNT/Pt nanosphere composite biosensor. Carbon nanotube electrodes are immobilized with fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and analyzed with fluorescence microscopy to demonstrate their biocompatibility. The enzyme glucose oxidase (GO(X)) is immobilized onto the CNT/Pt nanosphere biosensor by a simple drop-coat method for amperometric glucose sensing. RESULTS Fluorescence microscopy demonstrates the biofunctionalization capability of the sensor by portraying adsorption of fluorescently labeled BSA unto MPCVD-grown CNT electrodes. The subsequent GO(X)-CNT/Pt nanosphere biosensor demonstrates a high sensitivity toward H(2)O(2) (7.4 microA/mM/cm(2)) and glucose (70 microA/mM/cm(2)), with a glucose detection limit and response time of 380 nM (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) and 8 s (t(90%)), respectively. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (0.64 mM) of the biosensor also reflects the improved sensitivity of the immobilized GO(X)/nanomaterial complexes. CONCLUSIONS The GO(X)-CNT/Pt nanosphere biosensor outperforms similar CNT, metallic nanoparticle, and more conventional carbon-based biosensors in terms of glucose sensitivity and detection limit. The biosensor fabrication and biofunctionalization scheme can easily be scaled and adapted for microsensors for physiological research applications that require highly sensitive glucose sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Claussen
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Bindley Bioscience Center—Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sungwon S. Kim
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Aeraj ul Haque
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Bindley Bioscience Center—Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Mayra S. Artiles
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - D. Marshall Porterfield
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Bindley Bioscience Center—Physiological Sensing Facility, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy S. Fisher
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Nam JS, Nam JY, Yoo JS, Cho M, Park JS, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee EJ, Lim SK, Kim KR, Lee HC. The effect of mosapride (5HT-4 receptor agonist) on insulin sensitivity and GLUT4 translocation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010; 87:329-34. [PMID: 20060191 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effect of mosapride, 5HT-4 (5-hydroxytryptamine) agonist, on blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and conducted an in vitro study to evaluate the action mechanism. METHODS Thirty IGT patients were randomly assigned to receive either mosapride or placebo for 2 weeks. Biochemical profiles and insulin sensitivity index from euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test were assessed before and after treatment. In cultured myotubes from human skeletal muscle cells, insulin- and mosapride-induced GLUT4 translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 were determined. RESULTS After 2 weeks of treatment with mosapride, glucose disposal rates were significantly increased up to those of control (mosapride 5.47+/-1.72 vs 7.06+/-2.13, P=0.004, placebo 5.42+/-1.85 vs 5.23+/-1.53mgkg(-1)min(-1)). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin levels were decreased. Mosapride increased the contents of GLUT4 in plasma membrane representing the increased recruitment of glucose transporters from intracellular pool. While insulin treatment on human skeletal muscle cell resulted in an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, mosapride did not have any effect. CONCLUSIONS Mosapride is effective in decreasing FPG without stimulating insulin secretion in IGT subjects, possibly by inducing GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ishihara M, Kojima S, Sakamoto T, Kimura K, Kosuge M, Asada Y, Tei C, Miyazaki S, Sonoda M, Tsuchihashi K, Yamagishi M, Shirai M, Hiraoka H, Honda T, Ogata Y, Ogawa H. Comparison of blood glucose values on admission for acute myocardial infarction in patients with versus without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:769-74. [PMID: 19733709 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that acute hyperglycemia is associated with high mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, optimal plasma glucose level may be different between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality after AMI in patients with and without diabetes. This study consisted of 3,750 patients who were admitted to the 35 hospitals participating to the Japanese Acute Coronary Syndrome Study (JACSS) group within 48 hours after the onset of AMI. Plasma glucose was measured at the time of hospital admission. In patients without a history of diabetes, there was a linear relation between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality. Nondiabetic patients with a glucose level <6 mmol/L had the lowest mortality (2.5%). As admission glucose increased by 1 mmol/L, mortality increased by 17% (13% to 21%, p <0.001). In patients with a history of diabetes, however, there was a U-shape relation between glucose and mortality. Diabetic patients with glucose 9 to 10 mmol/L had the lowest mortality (1.9%); not only severe hyperglycemia (glucose > or =11 mmol/L, 9.1%, p <0.001) but also euglycemia (glucose <7 mmol/L, 9.4%, p = 0.009) were associated with higher mortality compared to moderate hyperglycemia (glucose 9 to 11 mmol/L, 3.2%). Diabetic patients with admission glucose 9 to 10 mmol/L had the lowest mortality, whereas lower glucose was better in nondiabetic patients. In conclusion, optimal glucose level on admission may be different between diabetic and nondiabetic patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Moutzouris DAD, Kitsiou PV, Talamagas AA, Drossopoulou GI, Kassimatis TI, Katsilambros NK. Chronic Exposure of Human Glomerular Epithelial Cells to High Glucose Concentration Results in Modulation of High-Affinity Glucose Transporters Expression. Ren Fail 2009; 29:353-8. [PMID: 17497451 DOI: 10.1080/08860220601184126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GLUTs are specific membrane proteins that transport glucose down a concentration gradient. There have been few studies on their expression in the kidney. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of GLUTs 1, 3, and 4 in HGEC and their regulation under diabetic milieu. MATERIAL AND METHODS An immortalized cell line of HGEC was used. Cells were cultured in medium containing 5 or 25 mM D-glucose. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to examine the presence of GLUTs (1, 3, 4) and alterations in expression. RESULTS Western blotting analysis revealed that GLUT-1 levels were increased by 53% in HGEC cultured under experimental diabetes compared to cells grown in 5mM glucose. GLUT-3 levels were also increased by 15% under diabetic conditions. GLUT-4 levels were decreased by 20% in diabetes. Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analysis demonstrated that cell surface expression of GLUT-1 was increased by 28% in cells grown in 25mM glucose. High glucose concentration did not affect cell surface expression of GLUT-3 and GLUT-4. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that depressed GLUT4 expression in glomerulus and overexpression of GLUT-1 and in a lesser extent of GLUT-3 may alter the glucose uptake in these cells. It has been suggested that the overexpression of GLUT-1 in glomerulus, being the major isoform, may lead to the initial pathologic hallmarks of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios-Anestis D Moutzouris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, University of Athens Medical School, Laiko University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Mavros Y, Simar D, Singh MAF. Glucose Tranporter-4 expression in monocytes: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:123-31. [PMID: 19286271 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2008] [Revised: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the extent of current knowledge of Glucose Tranporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression in monocytes in humans to address its potential use as a non-invasive and reliable model to investigate the relationships between insulin signalling, GLUT-4 expression and insulin action in vivo. METHOD Electronic database searches were performed with the keywords 'monocyte', 'leukocyte' and 'white blood cells', and the terms 'GLUT', 'glucose transporter' and 'SLC2A4' (solute carrier family 2 member 4). Studies were examined for robustness of design and outcomes by consensus of three reviewers. RESULTS Six cross-sectional or observational studies met the criteria for review. Insulin-stimulated GLUT-4 expression in monocytes from subjects likely to have impaired insulin sensitivity appeared blunted relative to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The available results provide evidence that monocyte GLUT-4 translocation does occur in response to acute insulin exposure, and may be sensitive to the relative state of insulin resistance of the individual. However, due to the limited quantity and robustness of published data, the ultimate utility of monocyte GLUT-4 expression as an index of whole body insulin responsiveness and the clinical relevance of this methodology is unresolved at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorgi Mavros
- Exercise, Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, East Street, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 2141, Australia.
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Peripartal feeding strategy with different n-6:n-3 ratios in sows: effect on gene expression in backfat white adipose tissue postpartum. Br J Nutr 2008; 101:197-205. [PMID: 18498673 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508994782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the effects of two diets differing in n-6:n-3 ratio and prepartal feeding regime on gene expression of PPARgamma1a/1b, PPARgamma1c/1d, PPARgamma2, PPARgamma coactivator 1A (PPARGC1A), GLUT4, TNFalpha, adiponectin, leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in sows' white adipose tissue on the first day of lactation. The relationship between mRNA expression of these genes and circulating insulin, leptin and thyroid hormones was also considered. Diets contained a low (supplemented with fish oil; f group) or a high (supplemented with sunflower oil; s group) n-6:n-3 ratio and were provided from 8 (f8, s8) or 3d (f3, s3) before parturition (onset day 8 or 3). A low n-6:n-3 ratio reduced the 1d postpartum expression of PPARgamma2 and PPARGC1A but only when applied from 3 d before parturition. Circulating leptin was negatively correlated with mRNA expression of adiponectin, LEPR and LPL, whereas thyroxine was positively correlated with levels of PPARGC1A. In conclusion, the effect of dietary treatments, e.g. altering the n-6:n-3 ratio, around parturition on the expression of crucial genes in nutrient metabolism can be modulated by the duration of application before parturition.
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Raychaudhuri N, Raychaudhuri S, Thamotharan M, Devaskar SU. Histone code modifications repress glucose transporter 4 expression in the intrauterine growth-restricted offspring. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:13611-26. [PMID: 18326493 PMCID: PMC2376250 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800128200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined transcriptional and epigenetic mechanism(s) behind diminished skeletal muscle GLUT4 mRNA in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) female rat offspring. An increase in MEF2D (inhibitor) with a decline in MEF2A (activator) and MyoD (co-activator) binding to the glut4 promoter in IUGR versus control was observed. The functional role of MEF2/MyoD-binding sites and neighboring three CpG clusters in glut4 gene transcription was confirmed in C2C12 muscle cells. No differential methylation of these three and other CpG clusters in the glut4 promoter occurred. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in postnatal, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b in adult was differentially recruited with increased MeCP2 (methyl CpG-binding protein) concentrations to bind the IUGR glut4 gene. Covalent modifications of the histone (H) code consisted of H3.K14 de-acetylation by recruitment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and enhanced association of HDAC4 enzymes. This set the stage for Suv39H1 methylase-mediated di-methylation of H3.K9 and increased recruitment of heterochromatin protein 1alpha, which partially inactivates postnatal and adult IUGR glut4 gene transcription. Further increased interactions in the adult IUGR between DNMT3a/DNMT3b and HDAC1 and MEF2D and HDAC1/HDAC4 and decreased association between MyoD and MEF2A existed. We conclude that epigenetic mechanisms consisting of histone code modifications repress skeletal muscle glut4 transcription in the postnatal period and persist in the adult female IUGR offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Raychaudhuri
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-1752, USA
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Sasaki R, Nishimura N, Hoshino H, Isa Y, Kadowaki M, Ichi T, Tanaka A, Nishiumi S, Fukuda I, Ashida H, Horio F, Tsuda T. Cyanidin 3-glucoside ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to downregulation of retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:1619-27. [PMID: 17869225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipocyte dysfunction is strongly associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. It is accepted that the regulation of adipocytokine expression is one of the most important targets for the prevention of obesity and improvement of insulin sensitivity. In this study, we have demonstrated that anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside; C3G) which is a pigment widespread in the plant kingdom, ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to the reduction of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression in type 2 diabetic mice. KK-A(y) mice were fed control or control +0.2% of a C3G diet for 5 weeks. Dietary C3G significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The adiponectin and its receptors expression were not responsible for this amelioration. C3G significantly upregulated the glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and downregulated RBP4 in the white adipose tissue, which is accompanied by downregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the white adipose tissue of the C3G group. These findings indicate that C3G has significant potency in an anti-diabetic effect through the regulation of Glut4-RBP4 system and the related inflammatory adipocytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Adipokines/genetics
- Adipokines/metabolism
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Anthocyanins/chemistry
- Anthocyanins/pharmacology
- Anthocyanins/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/genetics
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Glucosides/chemistry
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/drug therapy
- Inflammation Mediators/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Structure
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/genetics
- Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sasaki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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