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Benhamouda N, Besbes A, Bauer R, Mabrouk N, Gadouas G, Desaint C, Chevrier L, Lefebvre M, Radenne A, Roelens M, Parfait B, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Gruel N, Courbebaisse M, Appay V, Paul S, Gorochov G, Ropers J, Lebbah S, Lelievre JD, Johannes L, Ulmer J, Lebeaux D, Friedlander G, De Lamballerie X, Ravel P, Kieny MP, Batteux F, Durier C, Launay O, Tartour E. Cytokine profile of anti-spike CD4 +T cells predicts humoral and CD8 +T cell responses after anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. iScience 2024; 27:110441. [PMID: 39104410 PMCID: PMC11298648 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinating immune responses - humoral and cellular - is vital for protection against severe Covid-19. Our study evaluates a multicytokine CD4+T cell signature's predictive for post-vaccinal serological and CD8+T cell responses. A cytokine signature composed of four cytokines (IL-2, TNF-α, IP10, IL-9) excluding IFN-γ, and generated through machine learning, effectively predicted the CD8+T cell response following mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccine administration. Its applicability extends to murine vaccination models, encompassing diverse immunization routes (such as intranasal) and vaccine platforms (including adjuvanted proteins). Notably, we found correlation between CD4+T lymphocyte-produced IL-21 and the humoral response. Consequently, we propose a test that offers a rapid overview of integrated immune responses. This approach holds particular relevance for scenarios involving immunocompromised patients because they often have low cell counts (lymphopenia) or pandemics. This study also underscores the pivotal role of CD4+T cells during a vaccine response and highlights their value in vaccine immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Benhamouda
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Anissa Besbes
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | | | - Nesrine Mabrouk
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Gauthier Gadouas
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Desaint
- INSERM SC10-US019, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevrier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Maeva Lefebvre
- Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre de prévention des maladies infectieuses et transmissibles CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Radenne
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Marie Roelens
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine in Health Sciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nadège Gruel
- INSERM U830, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Diversity and Plasticity of Childhood Tumors Lab, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Department of Translational Research, Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Explorations fonctionnelles rénales, Physiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Stephane Paul
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Université Jean Monnet, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, INSERM, CIC 1408 INSERM Vaccinology, Immunology Department, iBiothera Reference Center, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Ropers
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Said Lebbah
- Unité de Recherche Clinique des Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière –Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelievre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
- Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, APHP, Créteil, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Ulmer
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, U1143 INSERM, UMR3666 CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Université Paris Cité, Service de maladies infectieuses Hôpital Saint Louis/Lariboisère APHP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Department of « Croissance et Signalisation », Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier De Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents, UVE: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, INSERM 1207 Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Ravel
- Bioinformatics and Cancer System Biology Team, IRCM-INSERM U1194, Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Paule Kieny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Batteux
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016 Insitut Cochin, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Centre Service d’immunologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | | | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, Innovative Clinical Research Network in Vaccinology (I-REIVAC), APHP, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Hôpital Necker Department of Immunology, Paris, France
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Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Salinas D, Rivera-Cavazos A, Fernández-Chau IF, Cepeda-Medina AB, Morales-Rodríguez DP, Barco-Flores IA, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Acciardi C, Paez-Bo G, Teixeira MM, Azzolini E, Pozzi C, Rescigno M, Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME. Effectiveness of different booster vaccine combinations against SARS-CoV-2 during a six-month follow-up in Mexico and Argentina. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403784. [PMID: 38807602 PMCID: PMC11130401 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Given the limited number of patients in Latin America who have received a booster dose against the COVID-19, it remains crucial to comprehend the effectiveness of different vaccine combinations as boosters in real-world scenarios. This study aimed to assess the real-life efficacy of seven different vaccine schemes against COVID-19, including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, Gam-COVID-Vac, and CoronaVac as primary schemes with either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S as booster vaccines. Methods In this multicentric longitudinal observational study, participants from Mexico and Argentina were followed for infection and SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibodies during their primary vaccination course and for 185 days after the booster dose. Results A total of 491 patients were included, and the booster dose led to an overall increase in the humoral response for all groups. Patients who received BNT162b2 exhibited the highest antibody levels after the third dose, while those with primary Gam-COVID-Vac maintained a higher level of antibodies after six months. Infection both before vaccination and after the booster dose, and Gam-COVIDVac + BNT162b2 combination correlated with higher antibody titers. Discussion The sole predictor of infection in the six-month follow-up was a prior COVID-19 infection before the vaccination scheme, which decreased the risk of infection, and all booster vaccine combinations conveyed the same amount of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Iván Francisco Fernández-Chau
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Andrea Belinda Cepeda-Medina
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Devany Paola Morales-Rodríguez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Acciardi
- Health Secretary, Unidad Hospitalaria San José, Campana, Argentina
| | - Graciela Paez-Bo
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Felipe, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, Instituto Ciencias Biologicas (ICB), Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
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Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Soylu M, Sağıroğlu P, Özarslan MA, Acet O, Yüce ZT, İzci Çetinkaya F, Durmaz S, Parkan ÖM, Akyol D, Zeytinoğlu A, Kalın Ünüvar G, Taşbakan M, Gökahmetoğlu S, Atalay MA, Durusoy İR, Çiçek C, Pullukçu H, Yıldız O, Sertöz ŞR, Erensoy MS. COVID-19 Antibody Levels among Various Vaccination Groups, One-Year Antibody Follow-Up in Two University Hospitals from Western and Central Turkey. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:59. [PMID: 38250872 PMCID: PMC10819475 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Various clinical outcomes, reinfections, vaccination programs, and antibody responses resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the time-dependent changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in infected and/or vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals and to provide insights into spike and nucleocapsid antibodies, which fluctuate during infectious and non-infectious states. This cohort study was carried out at the Ege University Faculty of Medicine hospital in İzmir (western Turkey) and the Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine hospital in Kayseri (central Turkey) between December 2021 and January 2023, which coincided with the second half of COVID-19 pandemic. The study included 100 COVID-19 PCR-positive patients and 190 healthcare workers (HCWs). Antibody levels were followed up via quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and qualitative anti-nucleocapsid immunoassays (Elecsys™). Antibody levels declined after infection but persisted for at least 6-8 months. Individuals who had received only CoronaVac had higher anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels in the early months than those who received mixed vaccination. However, anti-spike antibodies persisted longer and at higher levels in individuals who had received mixed vaccinations. This suggests that combining two different vaccine platforms may provide a synergistic effect, resulting in more durable and broad-spectrum immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The study provides information about the vaccination and antibody status of healthcare workers in the second half of the pandemic and provides valuable insights into the dynamics of antibody responses to COVID-19 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Soylu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (M.A.Ö.); (C.Ç.); (Ş.R.S.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Pınar Sağıroğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (P.S.); (Ö.M.P.); (S.G.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Muhammed Alper Özarslan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (M.A.Ö.); (C.Ç.); (Ş.R.S.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Oğuzhan Acet
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (O.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.Ü.); (M.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Zeynep Türe Yüce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (Z.T.Y.); (F.İ.Ç.); (O.Y.)
| | - Feyza İzci Çetinkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (Z.T.Y.); (F.İ.Ç.); (O.Y.)
| | - Seyfi Durmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (S.D.); (İ.R.D.)
| | - Ömür Mustafa Parkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (P.S.); (Ö.M.P.); (S.G.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Deniz Akyol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (O.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.Ü.); (M.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Ayşin Zeytinoğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Economy University, Izmir 35330, Turkey;
| | - Gamze Kalın Ünüvar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (O.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.Ü.); (M.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Meltem Taşbakan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (O.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.Ü.); (M.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Selma Gökahmetoğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (P.S.); (Ö.M.P.); (S.G.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mustafa Altay Atalay
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (P.S.); (Ö.M.P.); (S.G.); (M.A.A.)
| | - İsabel Raika Durusoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (S.D.); (İ.R.D.)
| | - Candan Çiçek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (M.A.Ö.); (C.Ç.); (Ş.R.S.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (O.A.); (D.A.); (G.K.Ü.); (M.T.); (H.P.)
| | - Orhan Yıldız
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey; (Z.T.Y.); (F.İ.Ç.); (O.Y.)
| | - Şaziye Rüçhan Sertöz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (M.A.Ö.); (C.Ç.); (Ş.R.S.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Memnune Selda Erensoy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey; (M.A.Ö.); (C.Ç.); (Ş.R.S.); (M.S.E.)
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5
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Magri C, Marchina E, Sansone E, D'Adamo AP, Cappellani S, Bonfanti C, Terlenghi L, Biasiotto G, Zanella I, Sala E, Caruso A, Lombardo M, Gasparini P, De Palma G, Gennarelli M. Genome-wide association studies of response and side effects to the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers: Increased antibody levels and side effects in carriers of the HLA-A*03:01 allele. HLA 2023; 102:707-719. [PMID: 37469131 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable variability of response to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 is apparent. The present study aims to estimate the extent to which the host genetic background contributes to this variability in terms of immune response and side effects following the administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. We carried out a genome wide association study (GWAS) by genotyping 873 Italian healthcare workers who underwent anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine and for whom information about anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies titers and vaccine side effects were available. The GWAS revealed a significant association between the HLA locus and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibodies level at 2 months following the first dose of vaccine (SNP: rs1737060; p = 9.80 × 10-11 ). In particular, we observed a positive association between the antibody levels and the presence of the HLA-A*03:01 allele. The same allele was found associated with a 2-2.4-fold increased risk of experiencing specific side effects such as fever, chills and myalgia and a 1.5-1.8-fold increased risk of joint pain, nausea, fatigue, headache and asthenia, independently of age and sex. This study confirms that the heterogeneity in the immune response to the BNT162b2 vaccine and in its side effects are at least partially influenced by genetic variants. This information, integrated with individual biological and lifestyle-related correlates, could be of use in the definition of algorithms aimed at the identification of subjects in which the administration of additional vaccine doses would be particularly beneficial to maintain immunity against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Magri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marchina
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sansone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Adamo Pio D'Adamo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Cappellani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Bonfanti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Highly Specialized Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Section of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emma Sala
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Lombardo
- Chief Executive Office, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Palma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Occupational Health, Hygiene, Toxicology and Prevention, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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6
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Kerr MD, Johnson WT, McBride DA, Chumber AK, Shah NJ. Biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing vaccine delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10591. [PMID: 38023723 PMCID: PMC10658593 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained release of vaccine components is a potential method to boost efficacy compared with traditional bolus injection. Here, we show that a biodegradable hyaluronic acid (HA)-scaffold, termed HA cryogel, mediates sustained antigen and adjuvant release in vivo leading to a durable immune response. Delivery from subcutaneously injected HA cryogels was assessed and a formulation which enhanced the immune response while minimizing the inflammation associated with the foreign body response was identified, termed CpG-OVA-HAC2. Dose escalation studies with CpG-OVA-HAC2 demonstrated that both the antibody and T cell responses were dose-dependent and influenced by the competency of neutrophils to perform oxidative burst. In immunodeficient post-hematopoietic stem cell transplanted mice, immunization with CpG-OVA-HAC2 elicited a strong antibody response, three orders of magnitude higher than dose-matched bolus injection. In a melanoma model, CpG-OVA-HAC2 induced dose-responsive prophylactic protection, slowing the tumor growth rate and enhancing overall survival. Upon rechallenge, none of the mice developed new tumors suggesting the development of robust immunological memory and long-lasting protection against repeat infections. CpG-OVA-HAC2 also enhanced survival in mice with established tumors. The results from this work support the potential for CpG-OVA-HAC2 to enhance vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Kerr
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wade T. Johnson
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - David A. McBride
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arun K. Chumber
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nisarg J. Shah
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Chemical Engineering ProgramUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Barreto MDS, da Silva BS, Santos RS, Silva DMRR, Silva EED, Moura PHM, de Souza JB, Santana LADM, Fonseca DLM, Filgueiras IS, Guimarães AG, Cabral-Marques O, Schimke LF, Borges LP. COVID-19 Vaccination and Serological Profile of a Brazilian University Population. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1925. [PMID: 37763328 PMCID: PMC10532467 DOI: 10.3390/life13091925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 led to the suspension academic activities worldwide, affecting millions of students and staff. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the presence of IgM and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in an academic population during the return to classes after a one-year suspension. The study took place over five months at a Brazilian university and included 942 participants. RESULTS We found that most participants had reactive IgG and non-reactive IgM. All received at least one dose, and 940 received two or more doses, of different COVID-19 vaccines. We obtained a higher average of memory antibodies (IgG) in participants who received the CoronaVac/ChAdOx1 combination. IgG was consistently distributed for each vaccine group, but individuals who completed the vaccination schedule had higher levels. There were no differences between antibodies and gender, presence of symptoms, and previous COVID-19 infection, but older participants (>53 years) and contacts of infected individuals had higher IgM levels. CONCLUSION This study makes significant contributions to the assessment of antibodies in the academic environment, allowing us to infer that most participants had memory immunity and low indications of recent infection when returning to face-to-face classes, as well as demonstrating the need to monitor immunity and update vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina dos Santos Barreto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Beatriz Soares da Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Ronaldy Santana Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Jessiane Bispo de Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | | | - Dennyson Leandro M. Fonseca
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Gibara Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Interunit Postgraduate Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (IME), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy and Postgraduate Program of Health and Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 29, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (M.d.S.B.); (B.S.d.S.); (R.S.S.); (D.M.R.R.S.); (E.E.D.S.); (P.H.M.M.); (J.B.d.S.); (A.G.G.)
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8
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Roslan M, Mohd Nisfu FR, Arzmi MH, Abdul Wahab R, Zainuddin N. Antibody Response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Vaccines in Infected Individuals: A Systematic Review. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:8-24. [PMID: 37655145 PMCID: PMC10467589 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit memory immunity acquired during natural infection. However, a decline in immunity after infection renders these individuals vulnerable to re-infection, in addition to a higher risk of infection with new variants. This systematic review examined related studies to elucidate the antibody response in these infected individuals after messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccination. Hence, the focus of this review was to ascertain differences in the concentration of binding and neutralising antibodies of previously infected individuals in comparison to those of infection-naïve individuals after administration of two doses of mRNA vaccination through available case-control and cohort studies. Positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test or detectable anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies at the baseline in included studies showed categorisation of infected and uninfected individuals. This review utilised three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane with the following keywords: (COVID-19 OR 'Coronavirus Disease 2019' OR SARS-CoV-2) AND Immun* AND (Pfizer OR BioNTech OR BNT162b2 OR Comirnaty OR Moderna OR mRNA-1273) from January 2019 to July 2021. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2020 guidelines and assessment based on the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT), we included 13 related qualified papers of observational studies discerning the binding and neutralising antibody concentrations of infected and uninfected individuals after administration of mRNA vaccines, such as the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine. The mRNA vaccines induced robust binding and neutralising antibody responses in both groups. However, infected individuals showed induction of higher antibody responses in a shorter time compared to uninfected individuals. Hence, a single dose of mRNA vaccination for infected individuals may be sufficient to reach the same level of antibody concentration as that observed in uninfected individuals after receiving two doses of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madihah Roslan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ratulfazira Mohd Nisfu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Arzmi
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abdul Wahab
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norafiza Zainuddin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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9
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Ma QL, Huang FM, Guo W, Feng KY, Huang T, Cai YD. Machine Learning Classification of Time since BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination Based on Array-Measured Antibody Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1304. [PMID: 37374086 DOI: 10.3390/life13061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines trigger an immunological response that includes B and T cells, with B cells producing antibodies. SARS-CoV-2 immunity weakens over time after vaccination. Discovering key changes in antigen-reactive antibodies over time after vaccination could help improve vaccine efficiency. In this study, we collected data on blood antibody levels in a cohort of healthcare workers vaccinated for COVID-19 and obtained 73 antigens in samples from four groups according to the duration after vaccination, including 104 unvaccinated healthcare workers, 534 healthcare workers within 60 days after vaccination, 594 healthcare workers between 60 and 180 days after vaccination, and 141 healthcare workers over 180 days after vaccination. Our work was a reanalysis of the data originally collected at Irvine University. This data was obtained in Orange County, California, USA, with the collection process commencing in December 2020. British variant (B.1.1.7), South African variant (B.1.351), and Brazilian/Japanese variant (P.1) were the most prevalent strains during the sampling period. An efficient machine learning based framework containing four feature selection methods (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, light gradient boosting machine, Monte Carlo feature selection, and maximum relevance minimum redundancy) and four classification algorithms (decision tree, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and support vector machine) was designed to select essential antibodies against specific antigens. Several efficient classifiers with a weighted F1 value around 0.75 were constructed. The antigen microarray used for identifying antibody levels in the coronavirus features ten distinct SARS-CoV-2 antigens, comprising various segments of both nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike protein (S). This study revealed that S1 + S2, S1.mFcTag, S1.HisTag, S1, S2, Spike.RBD.His.Bac, Spike.RBD.rFc, and S1.RBD.mFc were most highly ranked among all features, where S1 and S2 are the subunits of Spike, and the suffixes represent the tagging information of different recombinant proteins. Meanwhile, the classification rules were obtained from the optimal decision tree to explain quantitatively the roles of antigens in the classification. This study identified antibodies associated with decreased clinical immunity based on populations with different time spans after vaccination. These antibodies have important implications for maintaining long-term immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei-Ming Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kai-Yan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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10
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Rivera-Salinas D, Sarti R, Levi R, Mollura M, Garza-Silva A, Rivera-Cavazos A, Hernández-Ruíz YG, Barco-Flores IA, González-Cantú A, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Guimarães Júnior MH, Pozzi C, Barbieri R, Morales-Rodriguez DP, Texeira MM, Rescigno M. Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040842. [PMID: 37112754 PMCID: PMC10142281 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Riccardo Sarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Levi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Mollura
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Arnulfo Garza-Silva
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Andrea Rivera-Cavazos
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | | | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Chiara Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mauro Martins Texeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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11
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Mantovani A, Rescigno M, Forni G, Tognon F, Putoto G, Ictho J, Lochoro P. COVID-19 vaccines and a perspective on Africa. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:172-187. [PMID: 36709083 PMCID: PMC9832054 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines have dramatically changed the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 30 vaccines that were developed on four main platforms are currently being used globally, but a deep dissection of the immunological mechanisms by which they operate is limited to only a few of them. Here, we review the evidence describing specific aspects of the modes of action of COVID-19 vaccines; these include innate immunity, trained innate immunity, and mucosal responses. We also discuss the use of COVID-19 vaccines in the African continent which is ridden with inequality in its access to vaccines and vaccine-related immunological research. We argue that strengthening immunology research in Africa should inform on fundamental aspects of vaccination, including the relevance of genetics, trained innate immunity, and microbiome diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanni Putoto
- Head of Planning and Operational Research, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Italy
| | - Jerry Ictho
- Clinical Epidemiology, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Uganda
| | - Peter Lochoro
- Health Service Management, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Uganda.
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12
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Fernandes-Matano L, Salas-Lais AG, Grajales-Muñiz C, Hernández-Ávila M, Garfias-Becerra YO, Rodríguez-Sepúlveda MC, Segura-Sánchez C, Montes-Herrera D, Mendoza-Sánchez D, Angeles-Martínez J, Santos Coy-Arechavaleta A, Alvarado-Yaah JE, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Ramón-Gallegos E, Muñoz-Medina JE. Longevity and Neutralizing Capacity of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Generated by the Application of BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac Vaccines: a Cohort Study in the Mexican Population. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0237622. [PMID: 36602375 PMCID: PMC9927513 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02376-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO has approved the use of several vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic; experience over the last 2 years has indicated that dose demand can only be covered using more than one design. Therefore, having scientific evidence of the performance of the different vaccines applied in a country is highly relevant. In Mexico, 5 vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were used, allowing a cohort study to analyze the generation of anti-S1/S2 IgG antibodies and anti-RBD antibodies with neutralizing activity at 0, 21, 90, and 180 days after vaccination. Five groups of participants were formed on the basis of the type of vaccine received and were divided on the basis of whether they previously had or did not have COVID-19. After completing the vaccination schedule, the seroprevalence was 95.5, 97.5, 81.0, 95.2, and 90.0% (BNT162b2, AZD1222, Convidecia, Sputnik V, and CoronaVac, respectively). Among the participants without COVID-19 prior to vaccination, the largest amount of antibodies in the 90-day period was observed in the BNT162b2 group, and the amount of antibodies in the Sputnik V group decreased the least over time. Even though the percentages of seroconversion obtained in this study were lower than those currently reported in other parts of the world, the tested vaccines are able, in most cases, to induce a good production of IgG antibodies anti-S1/S2 and neutralizing capacity. The fact that there are people who have not produced antibodies during the study leaves open some questions that must be investigated to avoid the appearance of serious cases of COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Since the start of the vaccination programs against COVID-19 in 2020, it was evident that due to global shortages, the demand for the dose required in Mexico could only be covered by acquiring different vaccines. Therefore, determining the effectiveness of these and the longevity of acquired immunity is extremely important in a scenario where SARS-CoV-2 circulation becomes endemic and booster doses are required periodically. Our data reveal significant differences both in the generation of antibodies as well as in their longevity for the vaccines applied in the country but suggest that, in general, the Mexican population can reach a high capacity to neutralize the virus, therefore, regarding less the variant for which they were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Fernandes-Matano
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instuto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mauricio Hernández-Ávila
- Dirección de Prestaciones Economicas y Sociales, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yonathan Omar Garfias-Becerra
- Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde De Valenciana Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Segura-Sánchez
- Dirección de Prestaciones Economicas y Sociales, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniel Montes-Herrera
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denisse Mendoza-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Angeles-Martínez
- Laboratorio Central de Epidemiología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Esteban Muñoz-Medina
- Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados, Instuto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Pozzi C, Azzolini E, Rescigno M. Analyzing the diffusion and duration of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 during the natural infection and comparison with vaccination. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2023; 138:140. [PMID: 36785809 PMCID: PMC9909149 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To monitor SARS-CoV-2 diffusion, we measured anti-Spike S1/S2 IgGs in the serum of nearly 4000 workers employed in several healthcare facilities for one year. We found that the antibody response persists at least over 8 months in symptomatic subjects, particularly in individuals with anosmia/dysgeusia. Moreover, analyzing a smaller cohort (124 healthcare employees of which 57 had a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 exposure) vaccinated with two doses of Comirnaty vaccine, we observed that in symptomatic subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 one dose vaccine was sufficient to stimulate very high levels of antibodies, suggesting that these subjects should take only one dose of vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pozzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
| | - Elena Azzolini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, MI Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, MI Italy
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
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15
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Reusch J, Wagenhäuser I, Gabel A, Eggestein A, Höhn A, Lâm T, Frey A, Schubert‐Unkmeir A, Dölken L, Frantz S, Kurzai O, Vogel U, Krone M, Petri N. Influencing factors of anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike-IgG antibody titers in healthcare workers: A cross-section study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28300. [PMID: 36369641 PMCID: PMC9877977 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Against the background of the current COVID-19 infection dynamics with its rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), the immunity and the vaccine prevention of healthcare workers (HCWs) against SARS-CoV-2 continues to be of high importance. This observational cross-section study assesses factors influencing the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. One thousand seven hundred and fifty HCWs were recruited meeting the following inclusion criteria: age ≥18 years, PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection convalescence and/or at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination. anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG titers were determined by SERION ELISA agile SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Mean anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG levels increased significantly by number of COVID-19 vaccinations (92.2 BAU/ml for single, 140.9 BAU/ml for twice and 1144.3 BAU/ml for threefold vaccination). Hybrid COVID-19 immunized respondents (after infection and vaccination) had significantly higher antibody titers compared with convalescent only HCWs. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG titers declined significantly with time after the second vaccination. Smoking and high age were associated with lower titers. Both recovered and vaccinated HCWs presented a predominantly good humoral immune response. Smoking and higher age limited the humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity, adding to the risk of severe infections within this already health impaired collective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reusch
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany,Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Isabell Wagenhäuser
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany,Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Gabel
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Annika Eggestein
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Anna Höhn
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Thiên‐Trí Lâm
- Institute for Hygiene and MicrobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Anna Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | | | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and ImmunobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Institute for Hygiene and MicrobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany,Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans‐Knoell‐InstituteJenaGermany
| | - Ulrich Vogel
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany,Institute for Hygiene and MicrobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Manuel Krone
- Infection Control UnitUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany,Institute for Hygiene and MicrobiologyUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Nils Petri
- Department of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
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16
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Sanz-Muñoz I, López-Mongil R, Sánchez-Martínez J, Sánchez-de Prada L, González MDG, Pérez-SanJose D, Rojo-Rello S, Hernán-García C, Fernández-Espinilla V, de Lejarazu-Leonardo RO, Castrodeza-Sanz J, Eiros JM. Evolution of antibody profiles against SARS-CoV-2 in experienced and naïve vaccinated elderly people. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128302. [PMID: 36911673 PMCID: PMC9992205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is especially necessary in people over 65 years of age due to their lower immune response. Methods We designed a multicentre, prospective observational study including 98 people ≤65 years old who lived in two nursing homes in Valladolid, Spain. One of the groups had previous experience with SARS-CoV-2 (n=68;69.4%) and the other was naïve (n=30;30.6%). We evaluated the response to the three doses of the Comirnaty vaccine and the dynamics of antibodies during 5 consecutive serum samplings: 2 after the first two doses of vaccination, one three months after the first dose, another at 6 months and the last one month after the third dose. IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1, RBD and N antigens were analysed. Results Both groups increased the level of Abs against S1 and RBD, but the experienced group showed a 130-fold higher humoral response due to hybrid immunisation (infection+vaccination). The response to vaccination with Comirnaty against COVID-19 was higher in those ≤65 years with previous experience than those who were naïve. However, the amount of antibodies against S1 and RBD equalised at 6 months. After the third dose, both groups raised the amount of antibodies to a similar level. The reinfections suggested by the analysis of antibodies against N were frequent in both groups. Discussion The third dose showed a clear benefit for elderly people, with the reinforcement of the antibody levels after the decline suffered after six months of the first two doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Sanz-Muñoz
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, (ICSCYL), Soria, Spain
| | | | - Javier Sánchez-Martínez
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León, (ICSCYL), Soria, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-de Prada
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Gil González
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Diana Pérez-SanJose
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rojo-Rello
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernán-García
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Espinilla
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Castrodeza-Sanz
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José María Eiros
- National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Microbiology Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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17
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Taha AE, Alduraywish AA, Almaeen AH, El-Metwally TH, Alayyaf M, Mallick A, Abouelkheir M. High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among Inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010026. [PMID: 36679870 PMCID: PMC9862882 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Backgrounds and Objectives: The global battle to contain the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing. This cross-sectional study aimed to detect the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among previously symptomatic/asymptomatic and vaccinated/unvaccinated inhabitants of Sakaka City, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: Blood samples of 400 participants were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG using colloidal gold immuno-chromatography lateral flow immunoassay cards. (3) Results: The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG positivity was 45.8% and 42.3%, respectively. Statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the previous RT-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2-RNA and positivity for IgM and/or IgG. The highest seroprevalence of IgM and IgG were detected among smokers, participants aged ≥40 years, and patients with chronic diseases. Although most of the participants (58.5%) did not previously experience COVID-19 like symptoms, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seropositivity amongst them was 49.1% and 25.6%, respectively, with higher seroprevalence among males than females. At the time of the study, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination rate at our locality in Saudi Arabia was 43.8% with statistically significant correlation (p < 0.001) between being vaccinated and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG positivity, with more positivity after receiving the second vaccine dose. (4) Conclusions: Public assessment reflects the real scale of the disease exposure among the community and helps in identifying the asymptomatic carriers that constitute a major problem for controlling the SARS-CoV-2. To limit the spread of the virus, rigorous implementation of large-scale SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological testing strategies should be empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E. Taha
- Microbiology and Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or or
| | | | - Abdulrahman H. Almaeen
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek H. El-Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Biochemistry Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71517, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Alayyaf
- Consultant Histopathologist & Nephropathologist, Medical Lab Director, Prince Mutaib Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayesha Mallick
- Department of Community & Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abouelkheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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18
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Sajadi MM, Myers A, Logue J, Saadat S, Shokatpour N, Quinn J, Newman M, Deming M, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Magder LS, Karimi M, Abbasi A, Shlyak M, Baracco L, Frieman MB, Crotty S, Harris AD. Mucosal and Systemic Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination Determined by Severity of Primary Infection. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027922. [PMID: 36321826 PMCID: PMC9769618 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00279-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With much of the world infected with or vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (commonly abbreviated SARS-CoV-2; abbreviated here SARS2), understanding the immune responses to the SARS2 spike (S) protein in different situations is crucial to controlling the pandemic. We studied the clinical, systemic, mucosal, and cellular responses to two doses of SARS2 mRNA vaccines in 62 individuals with and without prior SARS2 infection that were divided into three groups based on antibody serostatus prior to vaccination and/or degree of disease symptoms among those with prior SARS2 infection: antibody negative (naive), low symptomatic, and symptomatic. Antibody negative were subjects who were antibody negative (i.e., those with no prior infection). Low symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody negative and had minimal or no symptoms at time of SARS2 infection. Symptomatic subjects were those who were antibody positive and symptomatic at time of SARS2 infection. All three groups were then studied when they received their SARS2 mRNA vaccines. In the previously SARS2-infected (based on antibody test) low symptomatic and symptomatic groups, reactogenic symptoms related to a recall response were elicited after the first vaccination. Anti-S trimer IgA and IgG titers, and neutralizing antibody titers, peaked after the 1st vaccination in the previously SARS2-infected groups and were significantly higher than for the SARS2 antibody-negative group in the plasma and nasal samples at most time points. Nasal and plasma IgA antibody responses were significantly higher in the low symptomatic group than in the symptomatic group at most time points. After the first vaccination, differences in cellular immunity were not evident between groups, but the activation-induced cell marker (AIM+) CD4+ cell response correlated with durability of IgG humoral immunity against the SARS2 S protein. In those SARS2-infected subjects, severity of infection dictated plasma and nasal IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection. Lingering differences between the SARS2-infected and SARS2-naive up to 10 months postvaccination could explain the decreased reinfection rates in the SARS2-infected vaccinees recently reported and suggests that additional strategies (such as boosting of the SARS2-naive vaccinees) are needed to narrow the differences observed between these groups. IMPORTANCE This study on SARS2 vaccination in those with and without previous exposure to the virus demonstrates that severity of infection dictates IgA responses in primary infection as well as response to vaccination (peak responses and durability), which could have implications for continued protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amber Myers
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Logue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saman Saadat
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Narjes Shokatpour
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James Quinn
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Newman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Meagan Deming
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Laurence S. Magder
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryam Karimi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abdolrahim Abbasi
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike Shlyak
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anthony D. Harris
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Abdolmaleki G, Taheri MA, Paridehpour S, Mohammadi NM, Tabatabaei YA, Mousavi T, Amin M. A comparison between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV2: an update on current COVID-19 vaccines. Daru 2022; 30:379-406. [PMID: 36050585 PMCID: PMC9436716 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-022-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, many health care systems have been heavily engaged in treating and preventing the disease, and the year 2020 may be called as "historic COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough". Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many companies have initiated investigations on developing an efficient and safe vaccine against the virus. From Moderna and Pfizer in the United States to PastocoVac in Pasteur Institute of Iran and the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, different candidates have been introduced to the market. COVID-19 vaccine research has been facilitated based on genome and structural information, bioinformatics predictions, epitope mapping, and data obtained from the previous developments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) vaccine candidates. SARS-CoV genome sequence is highly homologous to the one in COVID-19 and both viruses use the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Moreover, the immune system responds to these viruses, partially in the same way. Considering the on-going COVID-19 pandemic and previous attempts to manufacture SARS-CoV vaccines, this paper is going to discuss clinical cases as well as vaccine challenges, including those related to infrastructures, transportation, possible adverse reactions, utilized delivery systems (e.g., nanotechnology and electroporation) and probable vaccine-induced mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Abdolmaleki
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Azam Taheri
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarina Paridehpour
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neshaut Mashreghi Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Ahmadi Tabatabaei
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mousavi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Room No. 1-221, 16th Azar Street, Tehran, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Diani S, Leonardi E, Cavezzi A, Ferrari S, Iacono O, Limoli A, Bouslenko Z, Natalini D, Conti S, Mantovani M, Tramonte S, Donzelli A, Serravalle E. SARS-CoV-2-The Role of Natural Immunity: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6272. [PMID: 36362500 PMCID: PMC9655392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity to COVID-19 may be useful to reduce the mortality/morbidity of this disease, but still a lot of controversy exists. AIMS This narrative review analyzes the literature regarding these two immunitary processes and more specifically: (a) the duration of natural immunity; (b) cellular immunity; (c) cross-reactivity; (d) the duration of post-vaccination immune protection; (e) the probability of reinfection and its clinical manifestations in the recovered patients; (f) the comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated as to the possible reinfections; (g) the role of hybrid immunity; (h) the effectiveness of natural and vaccine-induced immunity against Omicron variant; (i) the comparative incidence of adverse effects after vaccination in recovered individuals vs. COVID-19-naïve subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS through multiple search engines we investigated COVID-19 literature related to the aims of the review, published since April 2020 through July 2022, including also the previous articles pertinent to the investigated topics. RESULTS nearly 900 studies were collected, and 246 pertinent articles were included. It was highlighted that the vast majority of the individuals after suffering from COVID-19 develop a natural immunity both of cell-mediated and humoral type, which is effective over time and provides protection against both reinfection and serious illness. Vaccine-induced immunity was shown to decay faster than natural immunity. In general, the severity of the symptoms of reinfection is significantly lower than in the primary infection, with a lower degree of hospitalizations (0.06%) and an extremely low mortality. CONCLUSIONS this extensive narrative review regarding a vast number of articles highlighted the valuable protection induced by the natural immunity after COVID-19, which seems comparable or superior to the one induced by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Consequently, vaccination of the unvaccinated COVID-19-recovered subjects may not be indicated. Further research is needed in order to: (a) measure the durability of immunity over time; (b) evaluate both the impacts of Omicron BA.5 on vaccinated and healed subjects and the role of hybrid immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Diani
- School of Musictherapy, Université Européenne Jean Monnet, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Oriana Iacono
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Mirandola Hospital, 41037 Mirandola, Italy
| | - Alice Limoli
- ARPAV (Regional Agency for the Environment Protection), 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Zoe Bouslenko
- Cardiology Department, Valdese Hospital, 10100 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvano Tramonte
- Environment and Health Commission, National Bioarchitecture Institute, 20121 Milano, Italy
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21
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Nantel S, Bourdin B, Adams K, Carbonneau J, Rabezanahary H, Hamelin MÈ, McCormack D, Savard P, Longtin Y, Cheng MP, De Serres G, Corbeil J, Gilca V, Baz M, Boivin G, Quach C, Decaluwe H. Symptomatology during previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and serostatus before vaccination influence the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930252. [PMID: 36311736 PMCID: PMC9614167 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health vaccination recommendations for COVID-19 primary series and boosters in previously infected individuals differ worldwide. As infection with SARS-CoV-2 is often asymptomatic, it remains to be determined if vaccine immunogenicity is comparable in all previously infected subjects. This study presents detailed immunological evidence to clarify the requirements for one- or two-dose primary vaccination series for naturally primed individuals. The main objective was to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination to establish the most appropriate vaccination regimen to induce robust immune responses in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The main outcome measure was a functional immunity score (zero to three) before and after vaccination, based on anti-RBD IgG levels, serum capacity to neutralize live virus and IFN-γ secretion capacity in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools. One point was attributed for each of these three functional assays with response above the positivity threshold. The immunity score was compared based on subjects' symptoms at diagnosis and/or serostatus prior to vaccination. None of the naïve participants (n=14) showed a maximal immunity score of three following one dose of vaccine compared to 84% of the previously infected participants (n=55). All recovered individuals who did not have an immunity score of three were seronegative prior to vaccination, and 67% had not reported symptoms resulting from their initial infection. Following one dose of vaccine, their immune responses were comparable to naïve individuals, with significantly weaker responses than individuals who were symptomatic during infection. These results indicate that the absence of symptoms during initial infection and negative serostatus prior to vaccination predict the strength of immune responses to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Altogether, these findings highlight the importance of administering the complete two-dose primary regimen and following boosters of mRNA vaccines to individuals who experienced asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Nantel
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoîte Bourdin
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelsey Adams
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Infection Prevention and Control, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Carbonneau
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Henintsoa Rabezanahary
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Hamelin
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Deirdre McCormack
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Infection Prevention and Control, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Savard
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Immunopathology Department, Montreal University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Longtin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Cheng
- Biological and Occupational Risk, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gaston De Serres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Biological and Occupational Risk, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Molecular Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vladimir Gilca
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Biological and Occupational Risk, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Preventive and Social Medicine Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mariana Baz
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Quach
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, Infection Prevention and Control, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital and Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses After a 3-dose Course of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Transplant Direct 2022; 8:e1389. [PMID: 36245998 PMCID: PMC9553402 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In kidney transplant recipients, there is discordance between the development of cellular and humoral response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. We sought to determine the interplay between the 2 arms of adaptive immunity in a 3-dose course of mRNA-1273 100 μg vaccine.
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23
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Rodriguez PE, Silva AP, Miglietta EA, Rall P, Pascuale CA, Ballejo C, López Miranda L, Ríos AS, Ramis L, Marro J, Poncet V, Mazzitelli B, Salvatori M, Ceballos A, Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma MM, Ojeda DS, Aguirre MF, Miragaya Y, Gamarnik AV, Rossi AH. Humoral response and neutralising capacity at 6 months post-vaccination against COVID-19 among institutionalised older adults in Argentina. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992370. [PMID: 36225925 PMCID: PMC9549602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has particularly affected older adults residing in nursing homes, resulting in high rates of hospitalisation and death. Here, we evaluated the longitudinal humoral response and neutralising capacity in plasma samples of volunteers vaccinated with different platforms (Sputnik V, BBIBP-CorV, and AZD1222). A cohort of 851 participants, mean age 83 (60-103 years), from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina were included. Sequential plasma samples were taken at different time points after vaccination. After completing the vaccination schedule, infection-naïve volunteers who received either Sputnik V or AZD1222 exhibited significantly higher specific anti-Spike IgG titers than those who received BBIBP-CorV. Strong correlation between anti-Spike IgG titers and neutralising activity levels was evidenced at all times studied (rho=0.7 a 0.9). Previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and age <80 years were both associated with higher specific antibody levels. No differences in neutralising capacity were observed for the infection-naïve participants in either gender or age group. Similar to anti-Spike IgG titers, neutralising capacity decreased 3 to 9-fold at 6 months after initial vaccination for all platforms. Neutralising capacity against Omicron was between 10-58 fold lower compared to ancestral B.1 for all vaccine platforms at 21 days post dose 2 and 180 days post dose 1. This work provides evidence about the humoral response and neutralising capacity elicited by vaccination of a vulnerable elderly population. This data could be useful for pandemic management in defining public health policies, highlighting the need to apply reinforcements after a complete vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea P. Silva
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Rall
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Christian Ballejo
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucía López Miranda
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Lila Ramis
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Marro
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica Poncet
- Departamento Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Bianca Mazzitelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina Salvatori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS)-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego S. Ojeda
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F. Aguirre
- Departamento de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología “Dr. Juan H. Jara”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Yanina Miragaya
- Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJP-PAMI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrés H. Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina,*Correspondence: Andrés Hugo Rossi,
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24
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Jia M, Wang X, Gong W, Zhong J, Leng Z, Ren L, Feng L, Guo L, Gao L, Liang X, Chen E, Tang W, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Jiang G, Zhao S, Liu Z, Feng Y, Qi L, Ma L, Huang T, Yue Y, Wang J, Jiang B, Xu L, Wang J, Yang W, Wang C. Humoral responses after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5746-5757. [PMID: 35941840 PMCID: PMC9537985 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated and compared humoral immune responses after inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among naïve individuals, asymptomatically infected individuals, and recovered patients with varying severity. In this multicenter, prospective cohort study, blood samples from 666 participants were collected before and after 2 doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Among 392 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naïve individuals, the seroconversion rate increased significantly from 51.8% (median antispike protein pan-immunoglobulins [S-Igs] titer: 0.8 U/ml) after the first dose to 96% (median S-Igs titer: 79.5 U/ml) after the second dose. Thirty-two percent of naïve individuals had detectable neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the original strain but all of them lost neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant. In 274 individuals with natural infection, humoral immunity was significantly improved after a single vaccine dose, with median S-Igs titers of 596.7, 1176, 1086.5, and 1828 U/ml for asymptomatic infections, mild cases, moderate cases, and severe/critical cases, respectively. NAb titers also improved significantly. However, the second dose did not substantially increase antibody levels. Although a booster dose is needed for those without infection, our findings indicate that recovered patients should receive only a single dose of the vaccine, regardless of the clinical severity, until there is sufficient evidence to confirm the benefits of a second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinming Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Gong
- Xiangyang Center for Disease Control & PreventionXiangyangChina
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luzhao Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Li Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lidong Gao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangshaChina,Hunan Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and PreventionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xian Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Enfu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhejiangChina
| | - Wenge Tang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Qiangru Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Shanlu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangshaChina,Hunan Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and PreventionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhu Liu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Yan Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhejiangChina
| | - Li Qi
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Libing Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuilinChina
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yong Yue
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and PreventionChengduChina
| | - Ju Wang
- Chongqing Center for Disease Control and PreventionChongqingChina
| | - Binshan Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Liuhui Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina,National Center for Respiratory MedicineBeijingChina,Chinese Academy of EngineeringBeijingChina
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25
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Hajissa K, Mussa A, Karobari MI, Abbas MA, Ibrahim IK, Assiry AA, Iqbal A, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, Rabaan AA, Messina P, Scardina GA. The SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies, Their Diagnostic Utility, and Their Potential for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1346. [PMID: 36016233 PMCID: PMC9412318 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (Abs) are important immune mediators and powerful diagnostic markers in a wide range of infectious diseases. Understanding the humoral immunity or the development of effective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is a prerequisite for limiting disease burden in the community and aids in the development of new diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccination options. Accordingly, the role of antiviral antibodies in the resistance to and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was explored. Antibody testing showed the potential in adding important diagnostic value to the routine diagnosis and clinical management of COVID-19. They could also play a critical role in COVID-19 surveillance, allowing for a better understanding of the full scope of the disease. The development of several vaccines and the success of passive immunotherapy suggest that anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have the potential to be used in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we highlight the role of antibodies in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide an update on their protective roles in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hajissa
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia
| | - Muhammad Adamu Abbas
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 3011, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Khider Ibrahim
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Ali A Assiry
- Preventive Dental Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azhar Iqbal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Pietro Messina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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26
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Azzolini E, Levi R, Sarti R, Pozzi C, Mollura M, Mantovani A, Rescigno M. Association Between BNT162b2 Vaccination and Long COVID After Infections Not Requiring Hospitalization in Health Care Workers. JAMA 2022; 328:676-678. [PMID: 35796131 PMCID: PMC9250078 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.11691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the risk of long COVID following mRNA vaccination, compared with no vaccination, in health care workers in Italy who had COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Levi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maximiliano Mollura
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Milan, Italy
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27
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Gentile A, Castellano VE, Pacchiotti A, Weinberger N, Diana Menéndez S, Del Pino M, Carciofi G, Lamy P, Mistchenko AS. Long-term antibody response following SPUTNIK V primary vaccination in healthcare workers with and without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Prospective cohort study from a hospital in Argentina. Vaccine X 2022; 11:100187. [PMID: 35755140 PMCID: PMC9213035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After completing a two-dose Sputnik V schedule, all vaccinees developed antibodies. Prior infection was associated with higher antibody concentrations. Antibodies decreased significantly after 6 months in naïve subjects. In subjects without infection, 17% were negative at day 180. SARS-CoV2 infection after vaccination increased antibody concentrations.
Background In December 2020, Sputnik V was incorporated to the National COVID-19 Immunization Plan in Argentina. Studies had shown 98% of antibody response rate. To date, data on immunogenicity and antibody persistence in Argentina are scarce. The objective was to assess humoral immune response after two doses of Sputnik V in Health Care Workers (HCWs) at the Ricardo Gutierrez Children’s Hospital (RGCH). Methods A prospective, cohort study in HCWs immunized with two doses of Sputnik V between February and March 2021. The following variables were assessed: age, gender, risk factors for severe COVID-19 or mortality, immunosuppressive therapy and history of SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were drawn on the day of the first dose, 28 days and 180 days after the second. Anti-Spike IgG was measured using an ELISA assay. Differences in immune response were evaluated according to study variables. Comparison analyses between groups with or without history of infection were performed, with T-test and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney tests. For each subject, we compared baseline values with 28 days and 180 days after the second vaccine. STATA version 14 and R Sofware were used for data analyses. Results We included 528 individuals, mean age 41.5 years, 82.9% female, 14.4% (76/528) reported previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. All subjects developed antibodies post-vaccination. At day 28, concentrations were significantly higher in previously infected than naïve subjects (p < 0.001) with no differences according to age, gender and comorbidities. At day 180, 17% (95% CI 13.17–21.53) of naïve subjects were negative. Antibody concentrations decreased significantly in all subjects except in those who reported SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination (n = 31). This last group had significantly higher antibody concentrations. Conclusion This study assessed immune response to a new COVID-19 vaccine in real life in a cohort of subjects. Antibody concentrations varied according to history of SARS-COV-2 infection and decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gentile
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - V E Castellano
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - A Pacchiotti
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - N Weinberger
- Department of Virology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - S Diana Menéndez
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - M Del Pino
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - G Carciofi
- Department of Virology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - P Lamy
- Epidemiology, Ricardo Gutierrez Children's Hospital, Gallo 1330, Buenos Aires City, Argentina
| | - A S Mistchenko
- Commission of Scientific Investigations of the Province of Buenos Aires, Calle 526, La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
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28
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Yang W, Yang S, Wang L, Zhou Y, Xin Y, Li H, Mu W, Wu Q, Xu L, Zhao M, Wang C, Yu K. Clinical characteristics of 310 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients and comparison with Delta and Beta variant patients in China. Virol Sin 2022; 37:704-715. [PMID: 35948265 PMCID: PMC9357284 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant has spread, data on the clinical characteristics of infected patients are limited. In this study, the demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data of 310 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant patients treated at Haihe Hospital of Tianjin were collected and analyzed. Information on these patients was compared to 96 patients with the Delta variant of concern (VOC) and 326 patients with the Beta VOC during the previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Harbin. Of the 310 patients infected with the Omicron variant, the median age was 35 years. Most patients were clinically classified as mild (57.74%), and the most common symptoms were cough (48.71%), fever (39.35%), and sore throat (38.26%). The results for different vaccination groups in the Omicron group showed that the median of “SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG” after 2 or 3 doses of vaccination was higher than the unvaccinated group (all Ps < 0.05). Older age was associated with a higher proportion of moderate cases and lower asymptomatic and mild cases based on clinical classifications. Compared to the Delta and Beta groups, the median age of the Omicron group was younger. The total number of asymptomatic patients and mild patients in the Omicron virus group was higher than the Delta and Beta groups (60.97% vs. 54.17% vs. 47.55%). This study presented the clinical characteristics of the first group of patients infected with the Omicron variant in Tianjin, China, and compared their clinical features with patients infected by the Delta and Beta variants, which would increase our understanding of the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Clinical features of the Chinese first group of patients infected Omicron variants were studied. The effects of vaccine and age on Omicron group were analyzed. Compared with the Delta and Beta groups, the symptoms in Omicron group were less severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Songliu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hongxu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenjing Mu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Respiratory Department, Haihe Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Changsong Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Kaijiang Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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29
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Liang B, Xiang T, Wang H, Li Z, Quan X, Feng X, Li S, Lu S, Fan L, Xu L, Wang T, Wang X, Zhu B, Wang J, Yang D, Liu J, Zheng X. Robust humoral and cellular immune responses in long-term convalescent COVID-19 individuals following one-dose SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966098. [PMID: 35979361 PMCID: PMC9377315 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths worldwide. Preliminary results exhibited excellent efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in preventing hospitalization and severe disease. However, data on inactivated vaccine-induced immune responses of naturally infected patients are limited. Here, we characterized SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific IgG (anti-S-RBD IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants of concerns (VOCs), as well as RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells and antigen-specific T cells respectively in 51 SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects and 63 healthy individuals. In SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients, a single dose vaccine is sufficient to reactivate robust anti-S-RBD IgG and NAbs. The neutralizing capacity against VOCs increased significantly post-vaccination no matter healthy individuals or SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. In addition, RBD-specific IgG-secreting B cells in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients were significantly higher than that in healthy vaccine recipients. After the vaccine booster, the frequencies of specific IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cell, IL-2+ CD4+ T cell, and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cell responses were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients. Our data highlighted the safety and utility of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and demonstrated that robust humoral and cellular immune response can be reactivated by one-dose inactivated vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 recovered patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufeng Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sumeng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sihong Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zheng,
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Ochoa-Azze R, Chang-Monteagudo A, Climent-Ruiz Y, Macías-Abraham C, Valenzuela-Silva C, de Los Ángeles García-García M, Jerez-Barceló Y, Triana-Marrero Y, Ruiz-Villegas L, Dairon Rodríguez-Prieto L, Guerra-Chaviano PP, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Hernández-García T, Orosa-Vázquez I, Díaz-Hernández M, Chiodo F, Calcagno A, Ghisetti V, Rodríguez-Acosta M, Noa-Romero E, Enríquez-Puertas J, Ortega-León D, Valdivia-Álvarez I, Delahanty-Fernández A, Palenzuela-Díaz A, Rodríguez-Noda L, González-Mugica R, Valdés-Balbín Y, García-Rivera D, Verez-Bencomo V. Safety and immunogenicity of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent participants: an open-label phase 2a and double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b, seamless, clinical trial. THE LANCET. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2022; 10:785-795. [PMID: 35691295 PMCID: PMC9183216 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A phase 1, clinical trial to evaluate FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine in COVID-19 convalescent individuals was completed. Here, we report results of the phase 2, clinical trial. METHODS We studied 450 convalescent participants with a history of asymptomatic, mild, or moderate COVID-19 at the National Institute of Hematology and Immunology and the National Centre for Sexual Education in Havana, Cuba. The study included adults aged 19-78 years who had recovered from COVID-19 and had had a negative PCR test at least 2 months before the initiation of the study. Phase 2 was done sequentially in two stages. The first stage to assess safety comprised an open, non-controlled phase 2a study in participants aged 60-78 years who received a single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine (50 μg of recombinant dimeric receptor binding domain [RBD]). The second stage comprised the placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 2b trial in participants aged 19-78 years, where participants were randomly assigned (4:1) into two groups: an experimental group vaccinated with a single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine, and a control (placebo) group injected with vaccine excipient. The primary outcomes were safety, evaluated 28 days after vaccination by the occurrence of serious adverse events in all participants, and successful immune response, assessed by neutralising antibody ELISA, and defined as half-maximal surrogate virus neutralisation titres of 250 or more. Secondary endpoints included vaccine immunogenicity assessed by ELISA anti-RBD and live-virus neutralisation test. All randomly assigned participants were included in the safety analysis (safety population), and immunogenicity was evaluated in participants without study interruptions (per-protocol population). The trial is registered with the Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials, RPCEC00000366-En and WHO-ICTRP and is complete. FINDINGS From April 9, 2021, to April 17, 2021, 663 COVID-19 convalescent participants were enrolled in the study; 213 participants did not meet the selection criteria and 450 volunteers were recruited. 20 participants aged 60-78 years were included in the open, single-group, phase 2a study and 430 participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=344) or control groups (n=86) in the phase 2b study of participants aged 19-78 years. 19 (95%) of 20 phase 2a volunteers achieved a successful immune response after vaccination. No vaccine-associated serious adverse events were reported in the whole study population. Minor adverse events were found, the most common being pain at the injection site (105 [29%] of 364 in the intervention group; 13 [15%] of 86 in the placebo group). A successful immune response was found in 289 (81%) of 358 participants 28 days after vaccination. The vaccine elicited a greater than 31-times increase in anti-RBD-IgG antibodies compared with prevaccination rates, and the seroconversion rate was 302 (84%) of 358 on day 28 after vaccination; the geometric mean titres of live-virus neutralisation test increased from 15·4 (95% CI 10·3-23·2) to 400·3 (272·4-588·1) and high response was found against alpha, beta, and delta variants of concern. INTERPRETATION A single dose of the FINLAY-FR-1A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 strengthened the pre-existing natural immunity, with excellent safety profile. FUNDING Cuba's Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Finlay Vaccine Institute, Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba; Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands and Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Ghisetti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, ASL, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrique Noa-Romero
- Research Centre of Civil Defence, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
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31
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Inchingolo AD, Malcangi G, Ceci S, Patano A, Corriero A, Vimercati L, Azzollini D, Marinelli G, Coloccia G, Piras F, Barile G, Settanni V, Mancini A, De Leonardis N, Garofoli G, Palmieri G, Isacco CG, Rapone B, Scardapane A, Curatoli L, Quaranta N, Ribezzi M, Massaro M, Jones M, Bordea IR, Tartaglia GM, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Macchia L, Larocca AMV, Aityan SK, Tafuri S, Stefanizzi P, Migliore G, Brienza N, Dipalma G, Favia G, Inchingolo F. Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines for Short- and Long-Term Immunity: A General Overview for the Pandemic Contrast. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8485. [PMID: 35955621 PMCID: PMC9369331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent COVID-19 pandemic produced a significant increase in cases and an emergency state was induced worldwide. The current knowledge about the COVID-19 disease concerning diagnoses, patient tracking, the treatment protocol, and vaccines provides a consistent contribution for the primary prevention of the viral infection and decreasing the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 disease. The aim of the present investigation was to produce a general overview about the current findings for the COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2 interaction mechanisms with the host, therapies and vaccines' immunization findings. METHODS A literature overview was produced in order to evaluate the state-of-art in SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses, prognoses, therapies, and prevention. RESULTS Concerning to the interaction mechanisms with the host, the virus binds to target with its Spike proteins on its surface and uses it as an anchor. The Spike protein targets the ACE2 cell receptor and enters into the cells by using a special enzyme (TMPRSS2). Once the virion is quietly accommodated, it releases its RNA. Proteins and RNA are used in the Golgi apparatus to produce more viruses that are released. Concerning the therapies, different protocols have been developed in observance of the disease severity and comorbidity with a consistent reduction in the mortality rate. Currently, different vaccines are currently in phase IV but a remarkable difference in efficiency has been detected concerning the more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants. CONCLUSIONS Among the many questions in this pandemic state, the one that recurs most is knowing why some people become more seriously ill than others who instead contract the infection as if it was a trivial flu. More studies are necessary to investigate the efficiency of the treatment protocols and vaccines for the more recent detected SARS-CoV-2 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Alberto Corriero
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Daniela Azzollini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Grazia Marinelli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Coloccia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Barile
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Nicole De Leonardis
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Grazia Garofoli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Arnaldo Scardapane
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Luigi Curatoli
- Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
- Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mario Ribezzi
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Maria Massaro
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Megan Jones
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angela Maria Vittoria Larocca
- Hygiene Complex Operating Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Place Giulio Cesare 11 BARI CAP, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | | | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Migliore
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70121 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (N.B.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianfranco Favia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Section of Dental Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.M.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (L.V.); (D.A.); (G.M.); (G.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.); (V.S.); (A.M.); (N.D.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (C.G.I.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (N.Q.); (M.J.); (G.D.); (G.F.)
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Isgrò MA, Trillò G, Russo L, Tornesello AL, Buonaguro L, Tornesello ML, Miscio L, Normanno N, Bianchi AAM, Buonaguro FM, Cavalcanti E. Bimodal antibody-titer decline following BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in healthcare workers of the INT - IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale" Cancer Center (Naples, Italy). Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:40. [PMID: 35902961 PMCID: PMC9333344 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Both SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines [BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna)] have shown high efficacy, with very modest side effects in limiting transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and in preventing the severe COVID-19 disease, characterized by a worrying high occupation of intensive care units (ICU), high frequency of intubation and ultimately high mortality rate. At the INT, in Naples, only the BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine has been administered to cancer patients and healthcare professionals aged 16 and over. In the present study, the antibody response levels and their decline were monitored in an interval of 6–9 months after vaccine administration in the two different cohorts of workers of the INT – IRCCS "Fondazione Pascale" Cancer Center (Naples, Italy): the group of individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated with a single dose; and that of individuals negative for previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated with two doses 21 days apart. Methods Specific anti-RBD (receptor-binding domain) titers against trimeric spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 by Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA immunoassay were determined in serum samples of 27 healthcare workers with a previously documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 123 healthcare workers without, during antibody titers’ monitoring. Moreover, geometric mean titers (GMT) and relative fold changes (FC) were calculated. Results Bimodal titer decline was observed in both previously infected and uninfected SARS-CoV-2 subjects. A first rapid decline was followed by a progressive slow decline in the 6/9 month-period before the further vaccine boost. The trend was explained by 2 different mathematical models, exponential and power function, the latter revealing as predictive of antibody titer decline either in infected or in not previously infected ones. The value of the prolonged lower vaccine titer was about 1 log below in the 6/9-month interval after the single dose for previously infected individuals with SARS-CoV-2 and the two doses for those not previously infected. The titer change, after the boost dose administration, on the other hand, was ≥ 1.5 FC higher than the titers at the 6/9-month time-points in both cohorts. A similar quantitative immune titer was observed in both cohorts 8 days after the last boost dose. The subsequent immunoresponse trend remains to be verified. Discussion The results show that a very rapid first decline, from the highest antibody peak, was followed by a very slow decline which ensured immune protection lasting more than 6 months. The apparent absence of adverse effects of the rapid decline on the vaccine's immune protective role has been related to a large majority of low avidity antibodies induced by current vaccines. High avidity antibodies with prolonged anti-transmission efficacy show a longer half-life and are lost over a longer interval period. The cellular immunity, capable of preventing severe clinical diseases, lasts much longer. The unbalanced dual activity (cellular vs humoral) while effective in limiting ICU pressure and overall mortality, does not protect against transmission of SARS-CoV-2, resulting in high circulation of the virus among unvaccinated subjects, including the younger population, and the continuous production of variants characterized by changes in transmissibility and pathogenicity. The high mutation rate, peculiar to the RNA virus, can however lead to a dual opposite results: selection of defective and less efficient viruses up to extinction; risk of more efficiently transmitted variants as the current omicron pandemic. Conclusions In conclusion the current bimodal antibody-titer decline, following BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, needs a further extended analysis to verify the protective borderline levels of immunity and the optimal administration schedule of vaccine boosters. Our current results can contribute to such goal, besides a direct comparison of other FDA-approved and candidate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giusy Trillò
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Buonaguro
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Miscio
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS, Fondazione Pascale, Naples, Italy.
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, González-Cantú A, Pozzi C, Levi R, Mollura M, Sarti R, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ, Rivera-Salinas D, Hernández-Ruíz YG, Armendariz-Vázquez AG, Del Rio-Parra GF, Barco-Flores IA, González-Facio R, Azzolini E, Barbieri R, de Azevedo Dias AR, Henriques Guimarães Júnior M, Bastos-Borges A, Acciardi C, Paez-Bo G, Teixeira MM, Rescigno M. Analysis of immunization time, amplitude, and adverse events of seven different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 across four different countries. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894277. [PMID: 35967368 PMCID: PMC9367469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scarce information exists in relation to the comparison of seroconversion and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our aim was to correlate the magnitude of the antibody response to vaccination with previous clinical conditions and AEFI. Methods A multicentric comparative study where SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibodies IgG titers were measured at baseline, 21-28 days after the first and second dose (when applicable) of the following vaccines: BNT162b2 mRNA, mRNA-1273, Gam-COVID-Vac, Coronavac, ChAdOx1-S, Ad5-nCoV and Ad26.COV2. Mixed model and Poisson generalized linear models were performed. Results We recruited 1867 individuals [52 (SD 16.8) years old, 52% men]. All vaccines enhanced anti-S1 and anti-S2 IgG antibodies over time (p<0.01). The highest increase after the first and second dose was observed in mRNA-1273 (p<0.001). There was an effect of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection; and an interaction of age with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation of Severe or Systemic AEFI (AEs) of naïve SARS-CoV-2 subjects with age and sex (p<0.001); a positive interaction between the delta of antibodies with Gam-COVID-Vac (p=0.002). Coronavac, Gam-COVID-Vac and ChAdOx1-S had less AEs compared to BNT162b (p<0.01). mRNA-1273 had the highest number of AEFIs. The delta of the antibodies showed an association with AEFIs in previously infected individuals (p<0.001). Conclusions The magnitude of seroconversion is predicted by age, vaccine type and SARS-CoV-2 exposure. AEs are correlated with age, sex, and vaccine type. The delta of the antibody response only correlates with AEs in patients previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Registration number ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05228912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia, ; Maria Rescigno,
| | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Levi
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Mollura
- Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sarti
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Armendariz-Vázquez
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Francisco Del Rio-Parra
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalinda González-Facio
- Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Elena Azzolini
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Barbieri
- Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Acciardi
- Health Secretary, Unidad Hospitalaria San José, Campana, Argentina
| | - Graciela Paez-Bo
- Laboratory Department, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos San Felipe, San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Biochemistry and Immunology Department, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia, ; Maria Rescigno,
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Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Dhama K, Agoramoorthy G, Chakraborty C. Hybrid immunity against COVID-19 in different countries with a special emphasis on the Indian scenario during the Omicron period. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108766. [PMID: 35413676 PMCID: PMC8986476 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid immunity has been accepted as the most robust immunity to fight against SARS-CoV-2. The hybrid immunity against the virus is produced in individuals who have contracted the disease and received the COVID-19 vaccine. This happens due to the cumulative effect of natural and acquired (vaccine) immunity, which provides higher antibody responses compared to natural and vaccine-produced immunity alone. Scientists have noted that it provides about 25 to 100 times higher antibody responses than natural and vaccine-produced immunity alone. Here, we have tried to illustrate the molecular basis of hybrid immunity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants. We have described hybrid immunity under different headings, which are as follows: an overview of hybrid immunity; a comparison between herd immunity and hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2; hybrid immunity in different countries; hybrid immunity and different SARS-CoV-2 variants; the molecular basis of hybrid immunity; and hybrid immunity in Indian scenario. India’s large population has recovered from SARS-CoV-2, and data shows that over 1000 million of the population received at least one dose of the vaccine. Besides, many infected individuals who have recovered also received at least one dose of the vaccine leading to hybrid immunity with a less severe third wave compared to the first and second waves. Based on the available data, we hypothesize that people's hybrid immunity could be a major cause of the less severe third wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Agoramoorthy
- College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Yanpu, Pingtung 907, Taiwan; Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
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Gelanew T, Mulu A, Abebe M, Bates TA, Wassie L, Teferi M, Fentahun D, Alemu A, Tamiru F, Assefa G, Bayih AG, Tafesse FG, Mihret A, Abdissa A. A Single Dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine Elicits High Antibody Responses in Individuals with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection Comparable to That of Two-Dose-Vaccinated, SARS-CoV-2-Infection-Naïve Individuals: A Longitudinal Study in Ethiopian Health Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:859. [PMID: 35746467 PMCID: PMC9229151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-dose COVID-19 vaccines, mostly mRNA-based vaccines, are shown to induce robust antibody responses in individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the sufficiency of a single dose for those individuals in countries with limited vaccine supply. However, these important data are limited to developed nations. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study among Ethiopian healthcare workers who received a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. We compared the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies in 39 SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants and 24 participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P.I.), who received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine across the two post-vaccination time points (at 8 to 12 weeks post single dose and two dose vaccinations). We noted that the GMT (1632.16) in naïve participants at 8-12 weeks post first dose were comparable to the GMT (1674.94) observed in P.I. participants prior to vaccination. Interestingly, P.I. participants had significantly higher antibody titers compared to naïve participants, after both the first (GMT, 4913.50 vs. 1632.16) and second doses (GMT, 9804.60 vs. 6607.30). Taken together, our findings show that a single ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals elicits similar, if not higher, antibody responses to those of two-dose-vaccinated naïve individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Gelanew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.A.B.); (F.G.T.)
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mekonnen Teferi
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Dessalegn Fentahun
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Aynalem Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Frehiwot Tamiru
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Gebeyehu Assefa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Abebe Genetu Bayih
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA; (T.A.B.); (F.G.T.)
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, ALERT Campus, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1005, Ethiopia; (A.M.); (M.A.); (L.W.); (M.T.); (D.F.); (A.A.); (F.T.); (G.A.); (A.G.B.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
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Selma-Royo M, Bäuerl C, Mena-Tudela D, Aguilar-Camprubí L, Pérez-Cano FJ, Parra-Llorca A, Lerin C, Martínez-Costa C, Collado MC. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in human milk after vaccination is dependent on vaccine type and previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a longitudinal study. Genome Med 2022; 14:42. [PMID: 35449030 PMCID: PMC9022055 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is a vehicle to transfer protective antibodies from the lactating mother to the neonate. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, virus-specific IgA and IgG have been identified in breast milk, however, there are limited data on the impact of different COVID-19 vaccine types in lactating women. This study is aimed to evaluate the time course of induction of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in breast milk after vaccination. METHODS In this prospective observational study in Spain, 86 lactating women from priority groups receiving the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were included. Breast milk samples were collected longitudinally at seven or eight-time points (depending on vaccine type). A group with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=19) and a group of women from pre-pandemic time (n=20) were included for comparison. RESULTS Eighty-six vaccinated lactating women [mean age, 34.6 ± 3.7 years] of whom 96% were Caucasian and 92% were healthcare workers. A total number of 582 milk samples were included, and vaccine distribution was BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2, n=34), Moderna (mRNA-1273, n=20), and AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, n=32). For each vaccine, 7 and 8 longitudinal time points were collected from baseline up to 30 days after the second dose for mRNA vaccines and adenovirus-vectored vaccines, respectively. A strong reactivity was observed for IgG and IgA after vaccination mainly after the 2nd dose. The presence and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk were dependent on the vaccine type, with higher IgG and IgA levels in mRNA-based vaccines when compared to AstraZeneca, and on previous virus exposure. High intra- and inter-variability were observed, being relevant for IgA antibodies. In milk from vaccinated women, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was significantly higher while IgA levels were lower than in milk from COVID-19-infected women. Women with previous COVID-19 increased their IgG antibodies levels after the first dose to a similar level observed in vaccinated women after the second dose. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG in breast milk with higher levels after the 2nd dose. Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG are dependent on the vaccine type. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate the protective antibody effect against COVID-19 in infants from vaccinated and infected mothers. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04751734 (date of registration is on February 12, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Desirée Mena-Tudela
- Department of Nursing, Nursing Research Group, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science and Institute of Research in Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA), University of Barcelona (UB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Health Research Institute La Fe, Neonatal Research Group, Spain and University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Division of Neonatology, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carles Lerin
- Endocrinology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez-Costa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Nutrition Research Group of INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Ghini V, Maggi L, Mazzoni A, Spinicci M, Zammarchi L, Bartoloni A, Annunziato F, Turano P. Serum NMR Profiling Reveals Differential Alterations in the Lipoproteome Induced by Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine in COVID-19 Recovered Subjects and Naïve Subjects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:839809. [PMID: 35480886 PMCID: PMC9037139 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.839809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1H NMR spectra of sera have been used to define the changes induced by vaccination with Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (2 shots, 21 days apart) in 10 COVID-19-recovered subjects and 10 COVID-19-naïve subjects at different time points, starting from before vaccination, then weekly until 7 days after second injection, and finally 1 month after the second dose. The data show that vaccination does not induce any significant variation in the metabolome, whereas it causes changes at the level of lipoproteins. The effects are different in the COVID-19-recovered subjects with respect to the naïve subjects, suggesting that a previous infection reduces the vaccine modulation of the lipoproteome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Spinicci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Turano,
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Heudel P, Favier B, Solodky ML, Assaad S, Chaumard N, Tredan O, Bachelot T, Ray-Coquard I, Russias B, Fournier ML, Mastroianni B, Avrillon V, Michallet AS, Zrounba P, Chabaud S, Perol D, Blay JY. Survival and risk of COVID-19 after SARS-COV-2 vaccination in a series of 2391 cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2022; 165:174-183. [PMID: 35245864 PMCID: PMC8828434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are at high risk of severe or lethal COVID-19. The impact of SARS-COV-2 vaccination on the risk of developing COVID-19 was investigated in an exhaustive series of patients from a comprehensive cancer center. METHODS This is a study of the exhaustive population of 2391 cancer patients who were prescribed SARS-COV-2 vaccination until 09/21. Patient characteristics, documented SARS-COV-2 infection with RT-PCR, and survival were collected. The primary endpoint was the rate of COVID-19 after vaccination. Secondary endpoints included risk factors to develop COVID-19 after vaccination, with a comparison with the cohort of vaccinated health care workers (HCW), and risk factors for death. RESULTS From January to September 2021, among 2391 patients with cancer under active treatment in whom a SARS-COV-2 vaccine was prescribed, 659 (28%), 1498 (63%) and 139 (6%) received 1, 2, and 3 doses, respectively. Ninety five patients received a single dose of vaccine after a previous COVID-19. Two thousand two hundred eighty five health care workers (HCW) received one (N = 17, 0.7%), 2-3 (N = 2026, 88.7%) vaccine doses and one dose after COVID-19 (N = 242, 10.6%). With a median follow-up of 142 and 199 days for patients and HCW, respectively. Thirty nine (1.6%) patients and 35 (1.5%) HCW developed COVID-19 after vaccination. Six of 39 cancer patients and no HCW died because ofCOVID-19 within 50 days after diagnosis. Independent risk factors for COVID-19 in vaccinated patients were age, single dose of vaccine without previous COVID-19 and anti-CD20 treatment in the last three months. Independent risk factors for death included metastatic disease, gender, cancer type, but also documented COVID-19 before vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving two or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine have reduced risk of COVID-19. The risk of death of vaccinated cancer patients presenting COVID-19 remains high. COVID-19 before vaccination is associated with an increased overall risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Heudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Bertrand Favier
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Solodky
- Department of Medecine of Health Care Workers, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Souad Assaad
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Natacha Chaumard
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Tredan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Bruno Russias
- Department DCSEI, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Avrillon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Philippe Zrounba
- Department of Surgery, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Chabaud
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - David Perol
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France; Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France; Presidence, Unicancer, Paris, France.
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Belda F, Mora O, Lopez Martinez M, Torres N, Vivanco A, Christie R, Crowley M. Seroconversion panels demonstrate anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody development after administration of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:2993-2998. [PMID: 35443917 PMCID: PMC8989688 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Seroconversion panels are an important tool for investigating antibody responses in acute and chronic phases of disease and development of serological assays for viral diseases including COVID-19. Globally it is anticipated that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will facilitate control of the current pandemic. The two COVID-19 seroconversion panels analyzed in this study were obtained from healthcare workers with samples collected before vaccination with the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna) and after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Panel samples were tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 (IgG). Individual subjects with a positive response for anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG in their pre-vaccination samples showed a significantly enhanced response to the first vaccination. In older subjects, lower immunological responses to the first injection were observed, which were overcome by the second injection. All subjects in the study were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after the second dose of vaccine.
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40
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Sanna G, Marongiu A, Firinu D, Piras C, Franci G, Galdiero M, Pala G, Palmas V, Angius F, Littera R, Perra A, Orrù G, Campagna M, Costanzo G, Meloni F, Coghe F, Chessa L, Manzin A. Neutralizing Antibodies Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in a Sardinian Cohort Group Up to 9 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040531. [PMID: 35455280 PMCID: PMC9024419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, has caused over 460 million cases of infection and over 6 million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has called for science, technology, and innovation to provide solutions and, due to an incredible scientific and financial global effort, several prophylactic and therapeutic apparatuses such as monoclonal antibodies and vaccines were developed in less than one year to address this emergency. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, serum neutralizing antibodies are produced by B cells and studies on virus-neutralizing antibodies’ kinetics are pivotal. The process of protective immunity and the duration of this kind of protection against COVID-19 remain to be clarified. We tested 136 sera from 3 groups of individuals, some of them providing multiple sequential sera (1—healthy, no previous CoV2-infected, vaccinated; 2—healthy, previous CoV2 infected, vaccinated; 3—healed, previous CoV2-infected, not vaccinated) to assess the kinetics of antibodies (Abs) neutralizing activity. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits moderate neutralizing antibody activity in most individuals; neither age nor gender appear to have any influence on Abs responses. The BNT162b2 vaccine, when administered in two doses, induces high antibodies titre endowed with potent neutralizing activity against bare SARS-CoV-2 in in vitro neutralizing assay. The residual neutralization capability and the kinetic of waning immunity were also evaluated over 9 months after the second dose in a reference group of subjects. Neutralization titre showed a decline in all subjects and the median level of S-protein IgG, over 270 days after the second vaccination dose, was below 10 AU/mL in 53% of serum tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Alessandra Marongiu
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Piras
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pala
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Littera
- Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, “R. Binaghi” Hospital, University of Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy;
- Associazione per l’Avanzamento della Ricerca per i Trapianti O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
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Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME, Rivera-Salinas D, Hernández-Ruíz YG, Armendariz-Vázquez AG, González-Cantú A, Barco-Flores IA, González-Facio R, Montelongo-Cruz LP, Del Rio-Parra GF, Garza-Herrera MR, Leal-Meléndez JA, Sanz-Sánchez MÁ. Effect of the third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine on quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers in healthcare personnel. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263942. [PMID: 35235587 PMCID: PMC8890651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is our main strategy to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the decrease in quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers three months after the second BNT162b2 dose, healthcare workers received a third booster six months after completing the original protocol. This study aimed to analyze the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers and the safety of the third dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study included healthcare workers who received a third booster six months after completing the BNT162b2 regimen. We assessed the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers 21-28 days after the first and second dose, three months after the completed protocol, 1-7 days following the third dose, and 21-28 days after booster administration. RESULTS The cohort comprised 168 participants aged 41(10) years old, 67% of whom were female. The third dose was associated with an increase in quantitative antibody titers, regardless of previous SARS-CoV-2 history. In cases with a negative SARS-CoV-2 history, the median (IQR) antibody titer values increased from 379 (645.4) to 2960 (2010) AU/ml, whereas in cases with a positive SARS-CoV-2 history, from 590 (1262) to 3090 (2080) AU/ml (p<0.001). The third dose caused a lower number of total (local and systemic) adverse events following immunization (AEFI) compared with the first two vaccines. However, in terms of specific symptoms such as fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, fever, and adenopathy, the proportion was higher in comparison with the first and second doses (p<0.05). The most common AEFI after the third BNT162b2 vaccine was pain at the injection site (n = 82, 84.5%), followed by fatigue (n = 45, 46.4%) of mild severity (n = 36, 37.1%). CONCLUSION The third dose applied six months after the original BNT162b2 regimen increased the quantitative SARS-CoV-2 spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers. The booster dose was well tolerated and caused no severe AEFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diego Rivera-Salinas
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ana Gabriela Armendariz-Vázquez
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Arnulfo González-Cantú
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalinda González-Facio
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Laura Patricia Montelongo-Cruz
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Francisco Del Rio-Parra
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Mauricio René Garza-Herrera
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jessica Andrea Leal-Meléndez
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez
- Department of Investigation, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Vice-Presidency of Academic Affairs in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Romero-Pinedo S, Quesada M, Horndler L, Álvarez-Fernández S, Olmo A, Abia D, Alarcón B, Delgado P. Vaccine Type-, Age- and Past Infection-Dependence of the Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S Protein. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809285. [PMID: 35296086 PMCID: PMC8918633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has led to a worldwide challenge for the rapid development of vaccines. Several types of safe and effective vaccines have been available in a time frame never seen before. Now that several hundred million people have been vaccinated there is an opportunity to compare vaccines in terms of protection and immune response. Here, we have applied a highly sensitive multiplexed flow cytometry method to measure simultaneously IgM, IgG1 and IgA anti-spike protein antibodies generated in response to three vaccines: ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). We have found that mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2) induce a stronger humoral response, both after the first and the second dose, than the adenovirus-based ChAdOx1 vaccine. We also found that, in the elderly, antibody titers negatively correlate with the age of the donor but, also, that antibody titers remain stable for at least 6 months after complete vaccination. Finally, we found that one dose of BNT162b2 is sufficient to induce the highest antibody titers in seropositive pre-vaccination donors. We hope these data will help to guide future decisions on vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Azzolini E, Pozzi C, Germagnoli L, Oresta B, Carriglio N, Calleri M, Selmi C, De Santis M, Finazzi S, Carlo-Stella C, Bertuzzi A, Motta F, Ceribelli A, Mantovani A, Bonelli F, Rescigno M. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster fosters B- and T-cell responses in immunocompromised patients. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202201381. [PMID: 35169017 PMCID: PMC8860093 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients poorly respond to two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose elicits a strong humoral and cellular immune response in these subjects. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has proven effective in inducing an immune response in healthy individuals and is progressively us allowing to overcome the pandemic. Recent evidence has shown that response to vaccination in some vulnerable patients may be diminished, and it has been proposed a booster dose. We tested the kinetic of development of serum antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, their neutralizing capacity, the CD4 and CD8 IFN-γ T-cell response in 328 subjects, including 131 immunocompromised individuals (cancer, rheumatologic, and hemodialysis patients), 160 health-care workers (HCW) and 37 subjects older than 75 yr, after vaccination with two or three doses of mRNA vaccines. We stratified the patients according to the type of treatment. We found that immunocompromised patients, depending on the type of treatment, poorly respond to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. However, an additional booster dose of vaccine induced a good immune response in almost all of the patients except those receiving anti-CD20 antibody. Similarly to HCW, previously infected and vaccinated immunocompromised individuals demonstrate a stronger SARS-CoV-2–specific immune response than those who are vaccinated without prior infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Chiara Pozzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Luca Germagnoli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Selmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Silvia Finazzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Carmelo Carlo-Stella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Alexia Bertuzzi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy.,William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele MI, Italy .,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano MI, Italy
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Aikawa NE, Kupa LVK, Pasoto SG, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Yuki EFN, Saad CGS, Pedrosa T, Fuller R, Shinjo SK, Sampaio-Barros PD, Andrade DCO, Pereira RMR, Seguro LPC, Valim JML, Waridel F, Sartori AMC, Duarte AJS, Antonangelo L, Sabino EC, Menezes PR, Kallas EG, Silva CA, Bonfa E. Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in Brazil: a subgroup analysis of a phase 4 prospective study. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 4:e113-e124. [PMID: 34901885 PMCID: PMC8641960 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the immunogenicity pattern induced by the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China) in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared with seropositive controls, seronegative patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and seronegative controls. METHODS CoronavRheum is an ongoing, prospective, controlled, phase 4 study, in which patients aged 18 years or older with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, and healthy controls were recruited from a single site (Rheumatology Division of Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo) in São Paulo, Brazil Participants were vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac (intramuscular injection, 3 μg in 0·5 mL of β-propiolactone inactivated SARS-CoV-2) on day 0 and on day 28. Blood samples were taken pre-vaccination on day 0, day 28, and also on day 69. For this subgroup analysis, participants were defined as being SARS-CoV-2 seropositive or seronegative prevaccination via anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)1 or S2 IgG (cutoff of 15·0 arbitrary units [AU] per mL) or neutralising antibody titres (cutoff of ≥30%) and were matched for age and sex, via convenience sampling, in a 1:3:1:1 ratio (seropositive patients to seronegative patients to seropositive controls to seronegative controls). The primary outcomes were rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 IgG seropositivity and SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody positivity at day 28 and day 69 and immunogenicity dynamics assessed by geometric mean titres (GMTs) of IgG and median neutralising activity in seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared with seronegative patients and seropositive and seronegative controls. We assessed safety in all participants randomly selected for this subgroup analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04754698, and is ongoing for long-term immunogenicity evaluation. FINDINGS Between Feb 4 and Feb 8, 2021, 1418 patients and 542 controls were recruited, of whom 1685 received two vaccinations (1193 patients and 492 controls). After random sampling, our immunogenicity analysis population comprised 942 participants, of whom 157 were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, 157 were seropositive controls, 471 were seronegative patients, and 157 were seronegative controls; the median age was 48 years (IQR 38-56) and 594 (63%) were female and 348 (37%) were male. For seropositive patients and controls, an increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 IgG titres (seropositive patients GMT 52·3 [95% CI 42·9-63·9] at day 0 vs 128·9 [105·6-157·4] at day 28; seropositive controls 53·3 [45·4-62·5] at day 0 vs 202·0 [174·8-233·4] at day 28) and neutralising antibody activity (seropositive patients 59% [IQR 39-83] at day 0 vs 82% [54-96] at day 28; seropositive controls 58% [41-79] at day 0 vs 92% [79-96] at day 28), was observed from day 0 to day 28, without further increases from day 28 to day 69 (at day 69 seropositive patients' GMT was 137·1 [116·2-161·9] and neutralising antibody activity was 79% [57-94]); and seropositive controls' GMT was 188·6 [167·4-212·6] and neutralising antibody activity was 92% [75-96]). By contrast, for seronegative patients and controls, the second dose was required for maximum response at day 69, which was lower in seronegative patients than in seronegative controls. GMTs in seronegative patients were 2·3 (95% CI 2·2-2·3) at day 0, 5·7 (5·1-6·4) at day 28, and 29·6 (26·4-33·3) at day 69, and in seronegative controls were 2·3 (2·1-2·5) at day 0, 10·6 (8·7-13·1) at day 28, and 71·7 (63·5-81·0) at day 69; neutralising antibody activity in seronegative patients was 15% (IQR 15-15) on day 0, 15% (15-15) at day 28, and 39% (15-65) at day 69, and in seronegative controls was 15% (15-15) at day 0, 24% (15-37) at day 28, and 61% (37-79) at day 69. Neither seronegative patients nor seronegative controls reached the GMT or antibody activity levels of seropositive patients at day 69. INTERPRETATION By contrast with seronegative patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, seropositive patients have a robust response after a single dose of CoronaVac. Our findings raise the possibility that the reduced immunogenicity observed in seronegative patients might not be the optimum response potential to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and therefore emphasise the importance of at least a single booster vaccination in these patients. FUNDING Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, and B3-Bolsa de Valores do Brasil. TRANSLATION For the Portuguese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia E Aikawa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonard V K Kupa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra G Pasoto
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Medeiros-Ribeiro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emily F N Yuki
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla G S Saad
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Pedrosa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fuller
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danieli C O Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa M R Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P C Seguro
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M L Valim
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Waridel
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marli C Sartori
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J S Duarte
- Central Laboratory Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Antonangelo
- Central Laboratory Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Bonfa
- Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Esparcia-Pinedo L, Martínez-Fleta P, Ropero N, Vera-Tomé P, Reyburn HT, Casasnovas JM, Rodríguez Frade JM, Valés-Gómez M, Vilches C, Martín-Gayo E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sanchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A. CD4+ T Cell Immune Specificity Changes After Vaccination in Healthy And COVID-19 Convalescent Subjects. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755891. [PMID: 35126347 PMCID: PMC8807633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response promoted by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is relevant to develop novel vaccines and optimized prevention strategies. We analyzed the adaptive immunity in healthy donors (HD) and convalescent individuals (CD), before and after administering BNT162b2 vaccine. Our results revealed specific changes in CD4+ T cell reactivity profile in vaccinated HD and CD, with an increase in S1 and S2 positive individuals, proportionally higher for S2. On the contrary, NCAP reactivity observed in HD and CD patients was no longer detectable after vaccination. Despite the substantial antibody response in CD, MPro-derived peptides did not elicit CD4+ lymphocyte activation in our assay in either condition. HD presented an increment in anti-S and anti-RBD IgG after first dose vaccination, which increased after the second vaccination. Conversely, anti-S and anti-RBD IgG and IgA titers increased in already positive CD after first dose administration, remaining stable after second dose inoculation. Interestingly, we found a strong significant correlation between S1-induced CD4+ response and anti-S IgA pre-vaccination, which was lost after vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Ropero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Vera-Tomé
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Casasnovas
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodríguez Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Arantzazu Alfranca,
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Kelsen SG, Braverman AS, Aksoy MO, Hayman JA, Patel PS, Rajput C, Zhao H, Fisher SG, Ruggieri MR, Gentile NT. SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine-induced humoral response and reactogenicity in individuals with prior COVID-19 disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155889. [PMID: 35019861 PMCID: PMC8876462 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals with prior COVID-19 disease manifest long-term protective immune responses against reinfection. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that humoral immune and reactogenicity responses to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine differ in individuals with and without prior COVID-19 disease. METHODS Health care workers (n = 61) with (n = 30) and without (n = 31) prior COVID-19 disease received two 30 μg doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine 3 weeks apart. Serum IgG antibody against the spike receptor-binding domain; serum neutralizing activity; and vaccine reactogenicity were assessed longitudinally every 2 weeks for 56 days after the first injection. RESULTS The COVID-19 group manifested more rapid increases in spike IgG antibody and serum neutralizing activity after the first vaccine dose but showed little or no increase after the second dose compared with the infection-naive group. In fact, spike IgG was at its maximum level after the first dose in 36% of the COVID-19 group versus 0% of the infection-naive group. Peak IgG antibody levels were lower but appeared to fall more slowly in the COVID-19 group versus the infection-naive group. Finally, adverse systemic reactions, e.g., fever, headache, and malaise, were more frequent and lasted longer after both the first and second injection in the COVID-19 group than in the infection-naive group. CONCLUSION Individuals with prior COVID-19 disease demonstrate a robust, accelerated humoral immune response to the first dose but an attenuated response to the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine compared with controls. The COVID-19 group also experienced greater reactogenicity. Humoral responses and reactogenicity to BNT162b2 differ qualitatively and quantitatively in individuals with prior COVID-19 disease compared with infection-naive individuals. FUNDING This work was supported by Temple University institutional funds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Kelsen
- Departments of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Alan S Braverman
- Department of Anatomy, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Mark O Aksoy
- Departments of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jacob A Hayman
- Departments of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Puja S Patel
- Departments of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Charu Rajput
- Departments of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Susan G Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Michael R Ruggieri
- Department of Anatomy, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Nina T Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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Gelanew T, Mulu A, Abebe M, Bates TA, Wassie L, Tefer M, Fentahun D, Alemu A, Tamiru F, Assefa G, Bayih AG, Taffesse FG, Mihret A, Abdissa A. A single dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits high antibody responses in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection comparable to that of double dose vaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infection naïve individuals. RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-1250175. [PMID: 35043108 PMCID: PMC8764722 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1250175/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background A single dose COVID-19 vaccines, mostly mRNA-based vaccines, are shown to induce robust antibody responses in individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the sufficiency of a single dose to those individuals. However, these important data are limited to developed nations and lacking in resource-limited countries, like Ethiopia. Methods We compared receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG antibodies in 40 SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants and 25 participants previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, who received two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. We measured the antibody response in post-vaccination blood samples from both groups of participants collected at four different post-vaccination time points: 8- and 12-weeks after each dose of the vaccine administration using an in-house developed ELISA. Results We observed a high level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies titers 8-weeks after a single dose administration (16/27; 59.3%) among naïve participants, albeit dropped significantly (p<0.05) two months later, suggesting the protective immunity elicited by the first dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine will likely last for a minimum of three months. However, as expected, a significant (p<0.001) increase in the level of anti-RBD IgG antibodies titers was observed after the second dose administration in all naïve participants. By contrast, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine-induced anti-RBD IgG antibody titers produced by the P.I participants at 8- to 12-weeks post-single dose vaccination were found to be similar to the antibody titers seen after a two-dose vaccination course among infection- naïve participants and showed no significant (p>0.05) increment following the second dose administration. Conclusion Taken together, our findings show that a single ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals elicits similar antibody responses to that of double dose vaccinated naïve individuals. Age and sex were not associated with the level of vaccine-elicited immune responses in both individuals with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are required to assess the need for a booster dose to extend the duration and amplitude of the specific protective immune response in Ethiopia settings, especially following the Omicron pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Gelanew
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Abebe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Timothy A Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, OR, USA
| | - Liya Wassie
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Tefer
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Fentahun
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aynalem Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Frehiwot Tamiru
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gebeyehu Assefa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Genetu Bayih
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fikadu G Taffesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, OR, USA
| | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, P.O. Box: 1005, Jimma Road, ALERT campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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48
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Choudhary HR, Parai D, Chandra Dash G, Kshatri JS, Mishra N, Choudhary PK, Pattnaik D, Panigrahi K, Behera S, Ranjan Sahoo N, Podder S, Mishra A, Raghav SK, Mishra SK, Pradhan SK, Sahoo SK, Pattnaik M, Rout UK, Nanda RR, Mondal N, Kanungo S, Palo SK, Bhattacharya D, Pati S. Persistence of Antibodies Against Spike Glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers Post Double Dose of BBV-152 and AZD1222 Vaccines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:778129. [PMID: 35004746 PMCID: PMC8727751 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated the persistence of the vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Odisha who received a complete dose of either Covaxin or Covishield vaccine. Methods: This 24-week longitudinal cohort study was conducted from January to July 2021 with participants from 6 healthcare and research facilities of Odisha to understand the dynamicity of the vaccine-induced IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 after the complete dose of vaccines. Results: Serum samples were collected from 614 participants during each follow-up and were tested in two chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CLIA)-based platforms to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies both qualitatively and quantitatively. Among these participants, 308 (50.2%) participants were Covishield recipients and the rest 306 (49.8%) participants took Covaxin. A total of 81 breakthrough cases were recorded and the rest 533 HCWs without any history of postvaccination infection showed significant antibody waning either from T3 (Covaxin recipient) or T4 (Covishield recipient). The production of vaccine-induced IgG antibodies is significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Covishield compared with Covaxin. Covishield recipients produced higher median anti-S IgG titer than Covaxin. No statistically significant differences in antibody titers were observed based on age, gender, comorbidities, and blood groups. Conclusion: This 6-month follow-up study documents a 2-fold and 4-fold decrease in spike antibody titer among Covishield and Covaxin recipients, respectively. The clinical implications of antibody waning after vaccination are not well understood. It also highlights the need for further data to understand the long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibody and threshold antibody titer required for protection against reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Ram Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debaprasad Parai
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Girish Chandra Dash
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jaya Singh Kshatri
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Dipti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kumudini Panigrahi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susmita Behera
- Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati College & Hospital, Berhampur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mishra
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Pradhan
- Department of Community Medicine, Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, India
| | - Subrat Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Matrujyoti Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Usha Kiran Rout
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan Nanda
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nityananda Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Kanungo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Palo
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Debdutta Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR - Regional Medical Research Centre,Department of Health Research,Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Bhubaneswar, India
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Lozano-Rodríguez R, Valentín-Quiroga J, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Martín-Quirós A, Pascual-Iglesias A, Terrón-Arcos V, Montalbán-Hernández K, Casalvilla-Dueñas JC, Bergón-Gutiérrez M, Alcamí J, García-Pérez J, Cascajero A, García-Garrido MÁ, Balzo-Castillo ÁD, Peinado M, Gómez L, Llorente-Fernández I, Martín-Miguel G, Herrero-Benito C, Benito JM, Rallón N, Vela-Olmo C, López-Morejón L, Cubillos-Zapata C, Aguirre LA, Fresno CD, López-Collazo E. Cellular and humoral functional responses after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination differ longitudinally between naive and subjects recovered from COVID-19. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110235. [PMID: 34986327 PMCID: PMC8687760 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed BNT162b2 vaccine-induced immune responses in naive subjects and individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), both soon after (14 days) and later after (almost 8 months) vaccination. Plasma spike (S)-specific immunoglobulins peak after one vaccine shot in individuals recovered from COVID-19, while a second dose is needed in naive subjects, although the latter group shows reduced levels all along the analyzed period. Despite how the neutralization capacity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mirrors this behavior early after vaccination, both groups show comparable neutralizing antibodies and S-specific B cell levels late post-vaccination. When studying cellular responses, naive individuals exhibit higher SARS-CoV-2-specific cytokine production, CD4+ T cell activation, and proliferation than do individuals recovered from COVID-19, with patent inverse correlations between humoral and cellular variables early post-vaccination. However, almost 8 months post-vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-specific responses are comparable between both groups. Our data indicate that a previous history of COVID-19 differentially determines the functional T and B cell-mediated responses to BNT162b2 vaccination over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Valentín-Quiroga
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Quirós
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón-Arcos
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Casalvilla-Dueñas
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bergón-Gutiérrez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alcamí
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Pérez
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Cascajero
- AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Garrido
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Del Balzo-Castillo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Peinado
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Gómez
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gema Martín-Miguel
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herrero-Benito
- Emergency Department and Emergent Pathology Research Group, IdiPAZ La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | | | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Aguirre
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The germinal centre (GC) response is critical for the generation of affinity-matured plasma cells and memory B cells capable of mediating long-term protective immunity. Understanding whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or vaccination elicits a GC response has profound implications for the capacity of responding B cells to contribute to protection against infection. However, direct assessment of the GC response in humans remains a major challenge. Here we summarize emerging evidence for the importance of the GC response in the establishment of durable and broad immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and discuss new approaches to modulate the GC response to better protect against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. We also discuss new findings showing that the GC B cell response persists in the draining lymph nodes for at least 6 months in some individuals following vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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