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Ai Y, Wang H, Zheng Q, Li S, Liu J, Huang J, Tang J, Meng X. Add fuel to the fire: Inflammation and immune response in lung cancer combined with COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174184. [PMID: 37033918 PMCID: PMC10076709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has had an unprecedented and persistent impact on oncological practice, especially for patients with lung cancer, who are more vulnerable to the virus than the normal population. Indeed, the onset, progression, and prognosis of the two diseases may in some cases influence each other, and inflammation is an important link between them. The original chronic inflammatory environment of lung cancer patients may increase the risk of infection with COVID-19 and exacerbate secondary damage. Meanwhile, the acute inflammation caused by COVID-19 may induce tumour progression or cause immune activation. In this article, from the perspective of the immune microenvironment, the pathophysiological changes in the lungs and whole body of these special patients will be summarised and analysed to explore the possible immunological storm, immunosuppression, and immune escape phenomenon caused by chronic inflammation complicated by acute inflammation. The effects of COVID-19 on immune cells, inflammatory factors, chemokines, and related target proteins in the immune microenvironment of tumours are also discussed, as well as the potential role of the COVID-19 vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibitors in this setting. Finally, we provide recommendations for the treatment of lung cancer combined with COVID-19 in this special group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ai
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zheng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyuan Tang, ; Xiangrui Meng,
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianyuan Tang, ; Xiangrui Meng,
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2
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Wu T, Yang W, Sun A, Wei Z, Lin Q. The Role of CXC Chemokines in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010167. [PMID: 36612163 PMCID: PMC9818145 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokines are small chemotactic and secreted cytokines. Studies have shown that CXC chemokines are dysregulated in multiple types of cancer and are closely correlated with tumor progression. The CXC chemokine family has a dual function in tumor development, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressive depending on the context of cellular signaling. Recent evidence highlights the pro-tumorigenic properties of CXC chemokines in most human cancers. CXC chemokines were found to play pivotal roles in promoting angiogenesis, stimulating inflammatory responses, and facilitating tumor metastases. Enhanced expression of CXC chemokines is always signatured with inferior survival and prognosis. The levels of CXC chemokines in cancer patients are in dynamic change according to the tumor contexts (e.g., chemotherapy resistance and tumor recurrence after surgery). Thus, CXC chemokines have great potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of CXC chemokines on tumor inflammation and metastasis remain unclear and application of antagonists and neutralizing antibodies of CXC chemokines signaling for cancer therapy is still not fully established. This article will review the roles of CXC chemokines in promoting tumorigenesis and progression and address the future research directions of CXC chemokines for cancer treatment.
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Ge X, He J, Wang L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu G, Liu W, Shu Y, Gong W, Ma XL, Wang Y, Jiang BH, Liu LZ. Epigenetic alterations of CXCL5 in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155713. [PMID: 35660107 PMCID: PMC9290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds [Cr(VI)] is associated with an increased risk of cancers, but the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that CXCL5 levels in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) and plasma from workers with occupational exposure to Cr(VI) were dramatically upregulated compared to non-exposure healthy subjects, and plasma C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 (CXCL5) CXCL5 levels were positively correlated with Cr concentrations in subjects' toenails. Zinc chromate exposed mice showed higher levels of CXCL5 and its receptor CXCR2 in lung tissues, and in PBMCs. Similar CXCL5 upregulation was evident in Cr(VI)-induced transformed (Cr-T) cells with long-term Cr(VI) treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that elevated CXCL5 expression levels were regulated by Cr(VI)-induced histone modifications and DNA hypomethylation, and that the c-Myc/p300 complex was a key upstream regulator of histone H3 acetylation. CXCL5 overexpression promoted Cr(VI)-induced the epithelial to mesenchyme transition (EMT) by upregulating zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) to promote tumor development. Our findings identify a novel mechanism by which CXCL5 is upregulated and promotes EMT and carcinogenesis upon chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Our work also implies that CXCL5 mRNA and protein levels will elevate in PBMCs and serum after occupational Cr(VI) exposure, which may be a potential target and biomarker for cancer prevention and health surveillance among populations exposed to Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Changzhou Center of Disease Control, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Occupational Health, Jiangsu Center of Disease Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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4
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Di Francesco D, Bertani F, Fusaro L, Clemente N, Carton F, Talmon M, Fresu LG, Boccafoschi F. Regenerative Potential of A Bovine ECM-Derived Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091222. [PMID: 36139063 PMCID: PMC9496624 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in regenerative medicine have enhanced the development of biomaterials as multi-functional dressings, capable of accelerating wound healing and addressing the challenge of chronic wounds. Hydrogels obtained from decellularized tissues have a complex composition, comparable to the native extracellular environment, showing highly interesting characteristics for wound healing applications. In this study, a bovine pericardium decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogel was characterized in terms of macromolecules content, and its immunomodulatory, angiogenic and wound healing potential has been evaluated. The polarization profile of human monocytes-derived macrophages seeded on dECM hydrogel was assessed by RT-qPCR. Angiogenic markers expression has been evaluated by Western blot and antibody array on cell lysates derived from endothelial cells cultured on dECM hydrogel, and a murine in vivo model of hindlimb ischemia was used to evaluate the angiogenic potential. Fibroblast migration was assessed by a transwell migration assay, and an in vivo murine wound healing model treated with dECM hydrogels was also used. The results showed a complex composition, of which the major component is collagen type I. The dECM hydrogel is biocompatible, able to drive M2 phenotype polarization, stimulate the expression of angiogenic markers in vitro, and prevent loss of functionality in hindlimb ischemia model. Furthermore, it drives fibroblast migration and shows ability to facilitate wound closure in vivo, demonstrating its great potential for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Carton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luigia Grazia Fresu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-660-556
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5
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Deng J, Jiang R, Meng E, Wu H. CXCL5: A coachman to drive cancer progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944494. [PMID: 35978824 PMCID: PMC9376318 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can recruit and activate chemotactic cells. C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a member of the chemokine family binding CXCR2 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2), a G-protein coupled receptor. Accumulated evidence has shown that dysregulated CXCL5 participates in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis in human malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the advances in research on CXCL5, including its dysregulation in different tumors and the mechanism associated with tumor behavior (formation of the immunosuppressive microenvironment, promotion of tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis). We also summarized and discussed the perspective about the potential application of CXCL5 in tumor therapy targeting the tumor inflammatory microenvironment.
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6
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Chemokines and NSCLC: Emerging role in prognosis, heterogeneity, and therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:233-246. [PMID: 35787939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer persists to contribute to one-quarter of cancer-associated deaths. Among the different histologies, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alone accounts for 85% of the cases. The development of therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors and angiogenesis inhibitors has increased patients' survival probability and reduced mortality rates. Developing targeted therapies against essential genetic alterations also translates to better treatment strategies. But the benefits still seem farfetched due to the development of drug resistance and refractory tumors. In this review, we have highlighted the interplay of different tumor microenvironment components, essentially discussing the chemokine families (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) that regulate the tumor biology in NSCLC and promote tumor growth, metastasis, and associated heterogeneity. The development of therapeutics and prognostic markers is a complex and multipronged approach. However, some essential chemokines can act as critical players for being considered potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Balázs K, Kocsis ZS, Ágoston P, Jorgo K, Gesztesi L, Farkas G, Székely G, Takácsi-Nagy Z, Polgár C, Sáfrány G, Jurányi Z, Lumniczky K. Prostate Cancer Survivors Present Long-Term, Residual Systemic Immune Alterations. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133058. [PMID: 35804830 PMCID: PMC9264868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of cancer is very often accompanied by systemic immune alterations which can be further aggravated by major anti-cancer therapies. However, there is very little known about how long these alterations persist in patients successfully cured of cancer. The aim of our work was to investigate how cancer and radiotherapy as major anti-cancer treatment modalities impact the immune system long after the successful treatment of a tumor. We investigated prostate cancer patients treated with a special form of radiotherapy (low-dose rate brachytherapy) often used for the treatment of prostate cancer and followed a wide range of immune parameters at regular intervals up to 3 years after the start of the treatment. Our results showed that some immune alterations did not recover after the treatment of the disease, on the contrary, they persisted, and in some cases got even worse. Further studies are needed to explain the causes and the potential long-term consequences of these alterations. Abstract Background: The development of cancer and anti-tumor therapies can lead to systemic immune alterations but little is known about how long immune dysfunction persists in cancer survivors. Methods: We followed changes in the cellular immune parameters of prostate cancer patients with good prognostic criteria treated with low dose rate brachytherapy before and up to 3 years after the initiation of therapy. Results: Patients before therapy had a reduced CD4+ T cell pool and increased regulatory T cell fraction and these alterations persisted or got amplified during the 36-month follow-up. A significant decrease in the total NK cell number and a redistribution of the circulating NK cells in favor of a less functional anergic subpopulation was seen in patients before therapy but tumor regression led to the regeneration of the NK cell pool and functional integrity. The fraction of lymphoid DCs was increased in patients both before therapy and throughout the whole follow-up. Increased PDGF-AA, BB, CCL5 and CXCL5 levels were measured in patients before treatment but protein levels rapidly normalized. Conclusions: while NK cell dysfunction recovered, long-term, residual alterations persisted in the adaptive and partly in the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Balázs
- National Public Health Center, Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (G.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S. Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.K.); (G.F.); (G.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Péter Ágoston
- Centre of Radiotherapy and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (P.Á.); (K.J.); (L.G.); (Z.T.-N.); (C.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kliton Jorgo
- Centre of Radiotherapy and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (P.Á.); (K.J.); (L.G.); (Z.T.-N.); (C.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gesztesi
- Centre of Radiotherapy and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (P.Á.); (K.J.); (L.G.); (Z.T.-N.); (C.P.)
| | - Gyöngyi Farkas
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.K.); (G.F.); (G.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Gábor Székely
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.K.); (G.F.); (G.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zoltán Takácsi-Nagy
- Centre of Radiotherapy and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (P.Á.); (K.J.); (L.G.); (Z.T.-N.); (C.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Polgár
- Centre of Radiotherapy and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (P.Á.); (K.J.); (L.G.); (Z.T.-N.); (C.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- National Public Health Center, Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Zsolt Jurányi
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics and The National Tumorbiology Laboratory, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.K.); (G.F.); (G.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +36-1-4822011
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Reijmen E, De Mey S, Van Damme H, De Ridder K, Gevaert T, De Blay E, Bouwens L, Collen C, Decoster L, De Couck M, Laoui D, De Grève J, De Ridder M, Gidron Y, Goyvaerts C. Transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation Alone or in Combination With Radiotherapy Stimulates Lung Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes But Fails to Suppress Tumor Growth. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772555. [PMID: 34925341 PMCID: PMC8671299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy (RT) with immunotherapy represents a promising treatment modality for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. As only a minority of patients shows a persistent response today, a spacious optimization window remains to be explored. Previously we showed that fractionated RT can induce a local immunosuppressive profile. Based on the evolving concept of an immunomodulatory role for vagal nerve stimulation (VNS), we tested its therapeutic and immunological effects alone and in combination with fractionated RT in a preclinical-translational study. Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57Bl/6 mice were treated with VNS, fractionated RT or the combination while a patient cohort with locally advanced NSCLC receiving concurrent radiochemotherapy (ccRTCT) was enrolled in a clinical trial to receive either sham or effective VNS daily during their 6 weeks of ccRTCT treatment. Preclinically, VNS alone or with RT showed no therapeutic effect yet VNS alone significantly enhanced the activation profile of intratumoral CD8+ T cells by upregulating their IFN-γ and CD137 expression. In the periphery, VNS reduced the RT-mediated rise of splenic, but not blood-derived, regulatory T cells (Treg) and monocytes. In accordance, the serological levels of protumoral CXCL5 next to two Treg-attracting chemokines CCL1 and CCL22 were reduced upon VNS monotherapy. In line with our preclinical findings on the lack of immunological changes in blood circulating immune cells upon VNS, immune monitoring of the peripheral blood of VNS treated NSCLC patients (n=7) did not show any significant changes compared to ccRTCT alone. As our preclinical data do suggest that VNS intensifies the stimulatory profile of the tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cells, this favors further research into non-invasive VNS to optimize current response rates to RT-immunotherapy in lung cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Middle Aged
- Tumor Burden
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Reijmen
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven De Mey
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Van Damme
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kirsten De Ridder
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Gevaert
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmy De Blay
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Collen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lore Decoster
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Couck
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Health Care, University College Odisee, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre University Hospital Brussels (Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yori Gidron
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Zhang N, Tan Q, Tao D, Song Y, Song W, Wang J, Ma L, Wu D, Feng Y, Yao J, Han X, Shi Y. Cytokines screening identifies MIG (CXCL9) for postoperative recurrence prediction in operated non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cytokine 2021; 149:155759. [PMID: 34775109 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploration of reliable biomarkers most likely to identify non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at high risk for recurrence after surgery is needed. METHODS Quantibody® Human Cytokine Antibody 6000 was used as screening tool to measure serum levels of 280 cytokines in ten healthy individuals and nine samples from three NSCLC patients before operation, after operation and postoperative recurrence. Selected cytokines were validated in two independent sets (89 patients before surgery, 69 patients after surgery and 40 patients with postoperative recurrence for each set) using ELISA method. The association of the selected cytokine with clinicopathologic features was also evaluated. RESULTS Thirty-six cytokines were declined after surgery and again elevated when recurrence. We selected MIG to be further assessed in 2 validation sets, the mean value of serum MIG levels in 396 NSCLC patients was 253.42 ± 274.48 pg/mL and was significantly higher than the level in 60 healthy controls (47.65 ± 33.23 pg/mL, P < 0.0001). The serum MIG levels were 366.36 ± 324.04 pg/mL pre-operation, 134.04 ± 127.52 pg/mL post-operation and 208.05 ± 239.39 pg/mL in recurrence in NSCLC patients. The serum MIG levels were significant differences among NSCLC patients of pre-operation, post-operation and recurrence and controls (P < 0.0001). Moreover, Serum MIG levels were decreased markedly after operation and notably increased when disease relapsed (P < 0.0005). Serum MIG levels trend to be higher in patients with male gender, older age, smoking habit, poor tumor differentiation, and non-adenocarcinoma histology. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that MIG might be an indicator of postoperative recurrence and help to identify NSCLC patient who was easy to relapse after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Tao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Wenya Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China; Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK & PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing 100032, China.
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, Beijing, China.
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10
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Akinbote A, Beltran-Sastre V, Cherubini M, Visone R, Hajal C, Cobanoglu D, Haase K. Classical and Non-classical Fibrosis Phenotypes Are Revealed by Lung and Cardiac Like Microvascular Tissues On-Chip. Front Physiol 2021; 12:735915. [PMID: 34690810 PMCID: PMC8528192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.735915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a hallmark of many cardiac and pulmonary diseases, is characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and increased tissue stiffness. This serious pathologic condition is thought to stem majorly from local stromal cell activation. Most studies have focused on the role of fibroblasts; however, the endothelium has been implicated in fibrosis through direct and indirect contributions. Here, we present a 3D vascular model to investigate vessel-stroma crosstalk in normal conditions and following induced fibrosis. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) are co-cultured with (and without) primary human cardiac and lung fibroblasts (LFs) in a microfluidic device to generate perfusable microvasculature in cardiac- and pulmonary-like microenvironments. Endothelial barrier function, vascular morphology, and matrix properties (stiffness and diffusivity) are differentially impacted by the presence of stromal cells. These vessels (with and without stromal cells) express inflammatory cytokines, which could induce a wound-healing state. Further treatment with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induced varied fibrotic phenotypes on-chip, with LFs resulting in increased stiffness, lower MMP activity, and increased smooth muscle actin expression. Taken together, our work demonstrates the strong impact of stromal-endothelial interactions on vessel formation and extravascular matrix regulation. The role of TGF-β is shown to affect co-cultured microvessels differentially and has a severe negative impact on the endothelium without stromal cell support. Our human 3D in vitro model has the potential to examine anti-fibrotic therapies on patient-specific hiPSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinola Akinbote
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Roberta Visone
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Milan Italy.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Cynthia Hajal
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Defne Cobanoglu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain.,Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve cardiac function and vascularity after myocardial infarction. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:1074-1084. [PMID: 34588150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve cardiac function after injury and are the subject of ongoing clinical trials. In this study, the authors tested the cardiac regenerative potential of an induced pluripotent stem cell-derived MSC (iPSC-MSC) population (Cymerus MSCs) in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Furthermore, the authors compared this efficacy with bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), which are the predominant cell type in clinical trials. METHODS Four days after myocardial I/R injury, rats were randomly assigned to (i) a Cymerus MSC group (n = 15), (ii) a BM-MSC group (n = 15) or (iii) a vehicle control group (n = 14). For cell-treated animals, a total of 5 × 106 cells were injected at three sites within the infarcted left ventricular (LV) wall. RESULTS One month after cell transplantation, Cymerus MSCs improved LV function (assessed by echocardiography) compared with vehicle and BM-MSCs. Interestingly, Cymerus MSCs enhanced angiogenesis without sustained engraftment or significant impact on infarct scar size. Suggesting safety, Cymerus MSCs had no effect on inducible tachycardia or the ventricular scar heterogeneity that provides a substrate for cardiac re-entrant circuits. CONCLUSIONS The authors here demonstrate that intra-myocardial administration of iPSC-MSCs (Cymerus MSCs) provide better therapeutic effects compared with conventional BM-MSCs in a rodent model of myocardial I/R. Because of its manufacturing scalability, iPSC-MSC therapy offers an exciting opportunity for an "off-the-shelf" stem cell therapy for cardiac repair.
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12
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De Zutter A, Van Damme J, Struyf S. The Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Chemokines by CD26 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174247. [PMID: 34503058 PMCID: PMC8428238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that fulfill a central function in cancer. Both tumor-promoting and -impeding roles have been ascribed to chemokines, which they exert in a direct or indirect manner. An important post-translational modification that regulates chemokine activity is the NH2-terminal truncation by peptidases. CD26 is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPPIV), which typically clips a NH2-terminal dipeptide from the chemokine. With a certain degree of selectivity in terms of chemokine substrate, CD26 only recognizes chemokines with a penultimate proline or alanine. Chemokines can be protected against CD26 recognition by specific amino acid residues within the chemokine structure, by oligomerization or by binding to cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Upon truncation, the binding affinity for receptors and GAGs is altered, which influences chemokine function. The consequences of CD26-mediated clipping vary, as unchanged, enhanced, and reduced activities are reported. In tumors, CD26 most likely has the most profound effect on CXCL12 and the interferon (IFN)-inducible CXCR3 ligands, which are converted into receptor antagonists upon truncation. Depending on the tumor type, expression of CD26 is upregulated or downregulated and often results in the preferential generation of the chemokine isoform most favorable for tumor progression. Considering the tight relationship between chemokine sequence and chemokine binding specificity, molecules with the appropriate characteristics can be chemically engineered to provide innovative therapeutic strategies in a cancer setting.
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13
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Taylor EB, George EM, Ryan MJ, Garrett MR, Sasser JM. Immunological comparison of pregnant Dahl salt-sensitive and Sprague-Dawley rats commonly used to model characteristics of preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R125-R138. [PMID: 34105357 PMCID: PMC8409910 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pregnant Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat is an established preclinical model of superimposed spontaneous preeclampsia characterized by exacerbated hypertension, increased urinary protein excretion, and increased fetal demise. Because of the underlying immune system dysfunction present in preeclamptic pregnancies in humans, we hypothesized that the pregnant Dahl S rat would also have an altered immune status. Immune system activation was assessed during late pregnancy in the Dahl S model and compared with healthy pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to either a sham procedure or a procedure to reduce uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP). Circulating immunoglobulin and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Milliplex bead assay, respectively, and percentages of circulating, splenic, and placental immune cells were determined using flow cytometry. The pregnant Dahl S rat exhibited an increase in CD4+ T cells, and specifically TNFα+CD4+ T cells, in the spleen compared with virgin Dahl S rats. The Dahl also had increased neutrophils and decreased B cells in the peripheral blood as compared with Dahl virgin rats. SD rats that received the RUPP procedure had increases in circulating monocytes and increased IFN-ɣ+CD4+ splenic T cells. Together these findings suggest that dysregulated T cell activity is an important factor in both the pregnant Dahl S rats and SD rats after the RUPP procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eric M George
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Ryan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
- Columbia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jennifer M Sasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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14
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Ramachandran S, Verma AK, Dev K, Goyal Y, Bhatt D, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Almatroodi SA, Alrumaihi F, Khan NA. Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in NSCLC Immune Navigation and Proliferation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5563746. [PMID: 34336101 PMCID: PMC8313354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With over a million deaths every year around the world, lung cancer is found to be the most recurrent cancer among all types. Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) amounts to about 85% of the entire cases. The other 15% owes it to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Despite decades of research, the prognosis for NSCLC patients is poorly understood with treatment options limited. First, this article emphasises on the part that tumour microenvironment (TME) and its constituents play in lung cancer progression. This review also highlights the inflammatory (pro- or anti-) roles of different cytokines (ILs, TGF-β, and TNF-α) and chemokine (CC, CXC, C, and CX3C) families in the lung TME, provoking tumour growth and subsequent metastasis. The write-up also pinpoints recent developments in the field of chemokine biology. Additionally, it covers the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), as alternate carriers of cytokines and chemokines. This allows the cytokines/chemokines to modulate the EVs for their secretion, trafficking, and aid in cancer proliferation. In the end, this review also stresses on the role of these factors as prognostic biomarkers for lung immunotherapy, apart from focusing on inflammatory actions of these chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Ramachandran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Main Campus, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit K Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Yamini Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Alatoo International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
- Department of Trauma and Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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15
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Park J, Lee M, Kim M, Moon S, Kim S, Kim S, Koh SH, Kim YM, Choi YK. Prophylactic role of Korean red ginseng in astrocytic mitochondrial biogenesis through HIF-1α. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:408-417. [PMID: 35600778 PMCID: PMC9120627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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16
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Xue S, Tang H, Zhao G, Shen Y, Yang EY, Fu W, Shi Z, Tang X, Guo D. C-C Motif Chemokine 8 promotes angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells. Vascular 2021; 29:429-441. [PMID: 32972333 DOI: 10.1177/1708538120959972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis is an important progress associated with several pathological situations. Several chemokines have been reported to act as regulators of angiogenesis. The current study aimed to find whether C-C Motif Chemokine 8 is involved in angiogenesis regulation. METHODS To verify whether C-C Motif Chemokine 8 is related to angiogenesis in plaques, carotid plaques were collected from patients with severe carotid stenosis and analysed using CD31 immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. To further clarify the relation between C-C Motif Chemokine 8 and angiogenesis, human umbilical vein endothelium cells and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were treated with C-C Motif Chemokine 8 in the presence or absence of C-C motif chemokine receptor 2-Ab and extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 inhibition (FR180204). Proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelium cells and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells were examined with Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. In vitro angiogenesis stimulated by C-C Motif Chemokine 8 was examined using tube formation assay. Ex vivo and in vivo angiogenesis were assessed by mice aortic ring assay and Matrigel plug assay, respectively. C-C motif chemokine receptors of human umbilical vein endothelium cells were examined with real-time PCR, and C-C motif chemokine receptor 1, C-C motif chemokine receptor 2, extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 and phosphorylation-extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 were examined with western blotting assay. RESULTS C-C Motif Chemokine 8 was increased in carotid plaques with severe angiogenesis in both RNA and protein level. C-C Motif Chemokine 8 (5 ng/ml) weakly increased human umbilical vein endothelium cell proliferation, but not on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Migration and tube formation could be induced by C-C Motif Chemokine 8 in both human umbilical vein endothelium cells and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. In mice aortic ring assay and Matrigel plug assay, C-C Motif Chemokine 8 could promote angiogenesis compared to vehicle groups. Phosphorylation of extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 was increased with C-C Motif Chemokine 8 stimulation. The migration and tube formation promoted by C-C Motif Chemokine 8 could be largely blocked by C-C motif chemokine receptor 2-Ab or extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 inhibition (FR180204). CONCLUSIONS C-C Motif Chemokine 8 could promote both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 played an important role in the activation of C-C Motif Chemokine 8 and extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 signalling pathway was involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanfei Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gefei Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ethan Yibo Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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CXCL5/NF- κB Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:9919494. [PMID: 34194499 PMCID: PMC8184336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant cancer worldwide. CXCL5 has a role in inhibiting cell viability and metastasis in many tumors. In the present study, we investigated the role of CXCL5 in HCC and explored the underlying mechanism. Material and Methods. RT-qPCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of CXCL5. CCK-8 and transwell assay were applied to measure the proliferative and invasive abilities. Meanwhile, the Kaplan–Meier method was used to assess the survival of HCC patients. Results CXCL5 was upregulated in HCC tissues, which predicted a shorter overall survival in HCC. CXCL5 was a target gene of miR-577, and its expression was mediated by miR-577 in HCC. Knockdown of CXCL5 suppressed HuH-7 cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in cells. Moreover, knockdown of CXCL5 inhibited the xenograft growth of HuH-7 cells. Conclusion Overexpression of CXCL5 predicts poor prognosis in HCC patients. Knockdown of CXCL5 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion through the NF-κB signaling pathway in HCC. The newly identified role of the CXCL5/miR-577/NF-κB axis provides novel insights into the targeted therapy of HCC.
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18
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Unver N. Identification of the dominant angiogenic CXCL class chemokines associated with non-small cell lung cancer via bioinformatics tools. Med Oncol 2021; 38:68. [PMID: 33983509 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines play a critical role in lung cancer progression and metastasis. In non-small cell lung cancer, the determination of dominant angiogenic CXCL-type chemokines may increase the efficacy of targeted therapy and modulate the prognosis of lung cancer. Also, chemokine and chemokine receptors shape the immune response in the cross-talk between both cancer cells and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this computational evaluation study based on databases containing mostly RNA-seq analyses, it is aimed to determine the dominant angiogenic CXCL-type chemokines with the highest expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and particularly in non-small cell lung cancer cells. CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL7, and CXCL8, which can potentially be co-regulated and associated with poor survival, and phagocyte infiltration including neutrophils and macrophages are predominantly identified in non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, the receptors of these chemokines, CXCR1 (binding CXCL8) and CXCR2 (binding CXCL1, 5, 7, 8), are positively correlated with the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. With the discovery of the common regulatory mechanisms of these angiogenic chemokines and validation studies in clinical examples, the chemokine panels specific to non-small cell lung cancer will become clear and have a decisive role in the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese Unver
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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19
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Abstract
In an effort to identify a novel microRNA (miRNA) as a gastric cancer (GC) treatment target and prognostic biomarker, we surveyed The Cancer Genome Atlas database and found that miR-588 expression is low in GC tissues. This was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays of GC patient plasma samples and SGC7901 and MNK28 cells. A constructed miRNA-mRNA network showed that CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 are target genes of miR-588. Analysis of the miRWalk database revealed that miR-588 directly binds to CXCL5 and CXCL9. Overexpression of miR-588 reduced GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. High expression of miR-588 inhibited Ki-67 expression in vivo. The FunRich database also showed that CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 are involved in immune responses, while the Database of Immune Cell Expression showed they are differentially expressed in CD8+ T cells. High expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 correlated positively with infiltrating levels of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in stomach adenocarcinoma. High expression of miR-588, CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10 was associated with prolonged survival of GC patients. These findings indicate that miR-588 is a biomarker for tumor-associated immune infiltration and a prognostic marker in GC patients.
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20
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Kawagoe Y, Kawashima I, Sato Y, Okamoto N, Matsubara K, Kawamura K. CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling is a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in preimplantation embryos. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13240. [PMID: 32959976 PMCID: PMC7576282 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy rate of women decreases with age due to declining quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there is no established method to improve pregnancy rate in aging women. In this study, we identified a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factor partially responsible for the decline in embryo implantation potential. Based on microarray analysis using young and aging human embryos at the same morphological grade, 702 genes showed >fivefold increases in aging human blastocysts. Among these genes, C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) showed 7.7-fold increases in aging human blastocysts. However, no-age-dependent changes in expression of the CXCR2, the cognate receptor for CXCL5, were found. In aging mice, Cxcl5 transcript levels were also increased in oocytes and embryos. Treatment of young mouse embryos with CXCL5 decreased implantation rates, together with increased expression of aging markers (P53, P21, Pai-1, and Il-6). Moreover, CXCL5 treatment suppressed trophoblast outgrowth in young mouse blastocysts. Conversely, suppression of CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling in aging mouse embryos using neutralizing antibodies and a receptor antagonist improved the implantation rate, leading to increases in pregnancy and delivery of normal pups. The gene expression pattern of these embryos was comparable to that in young mouse embryos showing enriched cell proliferation-related pathways. In conclusion, we identified CXCL5 as a SASP factor in human and mouse embryos and suppression of CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling during embryo culture improved pregnancy success in aging mice. Future analysis on CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling suppression in human embryos could be the basis to improve embryo development and pregnancy outcome in middle-aged infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kawagoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Advanced Reproduction Research Center International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine Narita Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences Iwate University Morioka Japan
| | - Ikko Kawashima
- Institute of Advanced BioMedical Engineering and Science Tokyo Women's Medical University Shinjuku‐ku Japan
| | - Yorino Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Advanced Reproduction Research Center International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine Narita Japan
| | - Naoki Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Advanced Reproduction Research Center International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine Narita Japan
| | - Kazuei Matsubara
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences Iwate University Morioka Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Advanced Reproduction Research Center International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine Narita Japan
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21
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Gokalp C. Cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic effects of zoledronic acid in DU-145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7675-7683. [PMID: 32989500 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effect of Zoledronic acid on hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines. XTT cell proliferation assay used to assess cytotoxicity. Caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation were measured to verify apoptosis. Angiogenic cytokine profiles investigated using the human angiogenesis antibody array I. Administration of Zoledronic acid on PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines resulted in increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis with a time- and dose-related manner. Also, the administration of Zoledronic acid significantly reduced several angiogenic cytokine productions in PC-3 and DU-145 cell lines. Zoledronic acid successfully induced apoptosis and reduced various angiogenic cytokine production in hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell lines. Novel treatment protocols may be developed in the future with chemotherapeutic combinations for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Gokalp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Kazim Dirik Mah, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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22
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Dorr MM, Guignard R, Auger FA, Rochette PJ. The use of tissue-engineered skin to demonstrate the negative effect of CXCL5 on epidermal ultraviolet radiation-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair efficiency. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:123-132. [PMID: 32271940 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is responsible for keratinocyte cancers through the induction of mutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Many factors influence CPD repair in epidermal keratinocytes, and a better understanding of those factors might lead to prevention strategies against skin cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of dermal components on epidermal CPD repair efficiency and to investigate potential factors responsible for the dermal-epidermal crosstalk modulating UVR-induced DNA damage repair in keratinocytes. METHODS A model of self-assembled tissue-engineered skin containing human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts was used in this study. RESULTS We showed that CPD repair in keratinocytes is positively influenced by the presence of a dermis. We investigated the secretome and found that the cytokine CXCL5 is virtually absent from the culture medium of reconstructed skin, compared with media from fibroblasts and keratinocytes alone. By modulating CXCL5 levels in culture media of keratinocytes, we have shown that CXCL5 is an inhibitor of CPD repair. CONCLUSIONS This work outlines the impact of the secreted dermal components on epidermal UVR-induced DNA damage repair and sheds light on a novel role of CXCL5 in CPD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Dorr
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval - LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Guignard
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval - LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - F A Auger
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval - LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - P J Rochette
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval - LOEX, Québec, QC, Canada.,Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Département d'Ophtalmologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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23
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Irani S, Barati I, Badiei M. Periodontitis and oral cancer - current concepts of the etiopathogenesis. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:465. [PMID: 32231765 PMCID: PMC7097927 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival tissues are attacked by oral pathogens which can induce inflammatory reactions. The immune-inflammatory responses play essential roles in the patient susceptibility to periodontal diseases. There is a wealth of evidence indicating a link between chronic inflammation and risk of malignant transformation of the affected oral epithelium. Periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic systemic conditions including autoimmune diseases and different types of cancers. Besides, some risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and human papilloma virus have been found to be associated with both periodontitis and oral cancer. This review article aimed to study the current concepts in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis and oral cancer by reviewing the related articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussan Irani
- Dental Research Centre, Oral Pathology Department, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Iman Barati
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Mohammadreza Badiei
- Dental Student, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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24
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Bikfalvi A, Billottet C. The CC and CXC chemokines: major regulators of tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C542-C554. [PMID: 31913695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00378.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of soluble cytokines that act as chemoattractants to guide the migration of cells, in particular of immune cells. However, chemokines are also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Chemokines are associated with a variety of human diseases including chronic inflammation, immune dysfunction, cancer, and metastasis. This review discusses the expression of CC and CXC chemokines in the tumor microenvironment and their supportive and inhibitory roles in tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor immunity. We also specially focus on the diverse roles of CXC chemokines (CXCL9-11, CXCL4 and its variant CXCL4L1) and their two chemokine receptor CXCR3 isoforms, CXCR3-A and CXCR3-B. These two distinct isoforms have divergent roles in tumors, either promoting (CXCR3-A) or inhibiting (CXCR3-B) tumor progression. Their effects are mediated not only directly in tumor cells but also indirectly via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor immunity. A full comprehension of their mechanisms of action is critical to further validate these chemokines and their receptors as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bikfalvi
- INSERM U1029, Pessac, France.,University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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25
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Shaik S, Martin EC, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM, Devireddy RV. Transcriptomic Profiling of Adipose Derived Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenesis by RNA-Seq. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11800. [PMID: 31409848 PMCID: PMC6692320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent in nature that can be differentiated into various cells lineages such as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic. The commitment of a cell to differentiate into a particular lineage is regulated by the interplay between various intracellular pathways and their resultant secretome. Similarly, the interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the ECM bound growth factors instigate several signal transducing events that ultimately determine ASC differentiation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to identify the transcriptome profile of osteogenic induced ASCs to understand the associated genotype changes. Gene ontology (GO) functional annotations analysis using Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) bioinformatics resources on the differentially expressed genes demonstrated the enrichment of pathways mainly associated with ECM organization and angiogenesis. We, therefore, studied the expression of genes coding for matrisome proteins (glycoproteins, collagens, proteoglycans, ECM-affiliated, regulators, and secreted factors) and ECM remodeling enzymes (MMPs, integrins, ADAMTSs) and the expression of angiogenic markers during the osteogenesis of ASCs. The upregulation of several pro-angiogenic ELR+ chemokines and other angiogenic inducers during osteogenesis indicates the potential role of the secretome from differentiating ASCs in the vascular development and its integration with the bone tissue. Furthermore, the increased expression of regulatory genes such as CTNNB1, TGBR2, JUN, FOS, GLI3, and MAPK3 involved in the WNT, TGF-β, JNK, HedgeHog and ERK1/2 pathways suggests the regulation of osteogenesis through interplay between these pathways. The RNA-Seq data was also validated by performing QPCR on selected up- and down-regulated genes (COL10A1, COL11A1, FBLN, FERMT1, FN1, FOXF1, LAMA3, LAMA4, LAMB1, IGF1, WNT10B, MMP1, MMP3, MMP16, ADAMTS6, and ADAMTS14).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahensha Shaik
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- La Cell LLC and Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine and Departments of Medicine, Structural & Cellular Biology, and Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ram V Devireddy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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26
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Cheng Y, Ma XL, Wei YQ, Wei XW. Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:289-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Chen C, Xu ZQ, Zong YP, Ou BC, Shen XH, Feng H, Zheng MH, Zhao JK, Lu AG. CXCL5 induces tumor angiogenesis via enhancing the expression of FOXD1 mediated by the AKT/NF-κB pathway in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 30792394 PMCID: PMC6385313 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the role of CXCL5 in tumor angiogenesis have not been fully defined. Here, we examined the effect of CXCL5 on tumor angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemistry was used to monitor the expression of CXCL5 and CD31 in CRC patients’ tissues. HUVEC cell lines stably transfected with shCXCR2 and shFOXD1 lentivirus plasmids were used in an in vitro study. Based on some molecular biological experiments in vitro and in vivo, we found that CXCL5 was upregulated in tumor tissues and that its level positively correlated with the expression of CD31. Next, we used recombinant human CXCL5 (rhCXCL5) to stimulate HUVECs and found that their tube formation ability, proliferation, and migration were enhanced by the activation of the AKT/NF-κB/FOXD1/VEGF-A pathway in a CXCR2-dependent manner. However, silencing of CXCR2 and FOXD1 or inhibition of the AKT and NF-κB pathways could attenuate the tube formation ability, proliferation, and migration of rhCXCL5-stimulated HUVECs in vitro. rhCXCL5 can promote angiogenesis in vivo in Matrigel plugs, and the overexpression of CXCL5 can also increase microvessel density in vivo in a subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice. Taken together, our findings support CXCL5 as an angiogenic factor that can promote cell metastasis through tumor angiogenesis in CRC. Furthermore, we propose that FOXD1 is a novel regulator of VEGF-A. These observations open new avenues for therapeutic application of CXCL5 in tumor anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo-Qing Xu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zong
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Chi Ou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shen
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Kun Zhao
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ai-Guo Lu
- Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Gastroenterology Surgery Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Huang CS, Tang SJ, Lee MH, Chang Wang CC, Sun GH, Sun KH. Galectin-3 promotes CXCR2 to augment the stem-like property of renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5909-5918. [PMID: 30246456 PMCID: PMC6237593 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although targeted therapy is usually the first‐line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), some patients can experience drug resistance. Cancer stem cells are tumour‐initiating cells that play a vital role in drug resistance, metastasis and cancer relapse, while galectins (Gal) participate in tumour progression and drug resistance. However, the exact role of galectins in RCC stemness is yet unknown. In this study, we grew a subpopulation of RCC cells as tumour spheres with higher levels of stemness‐related genes, such as Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. Among the Gal family, Gal‐3 in particular was highly expressed in RCC tumour spheres. To further investigate Gal‐3's role in the stemness of RCC, lentivirus‐mediated knockdown and overexpression of Gal‐3 in RCC cells were used to examine both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity. We further assessed Gal‐3 expression in RCC tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry. Upon suppressing Gal‐3 in parental RCC cells, invasion, colony formation, sphere‐forming ability, drug resistance and stemness‐related gene expression were all significantly decreased. Furthermore, CXCL6, CXCL7 and CXCR2 were down‐regulated in Gal‐3‐knockdown tumour spheres, while CXCR2 overexpression in Gal‐3‐knockdown RCC restored the ability of sphere formation. Gal‐3 overexpression in RCC promoted both in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity, and its expression was correlated with CXCR2 expression and tumour progression in clinical tissues. RCC patients with higher co‐expressions of Gal‐3 and CXCR2 demonstrated a worse survival rate. These results indicate that highly expressed Gal‐3 may up‐regulate CXCR2 to augment RCC stemness. Gal‐3 may be a prognostic and innovative target of combined therapy for treating RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Shuo Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shye-Jye Tang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chang Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hui Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Hu B, Fan H, Lv X, Chen S, Shao Z. Prognostic significance of CXCL5 expression in cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:68. [PMID: 29743818 PMCID: PMC5930840 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CXCL5 is a member of the CXC-type chemokine family, which has been found to play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that CXCL5 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer patients. However, the prognostic value of CXCL5 is still controversial. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science to obtain all relevant articles investigating the prognostic significance of CXCL5 expression in cancer patients. Hazards ratios (HR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to estimate the association between CXCL5 expression levels with survival of cancer patients. Results A total of 15 eligible studies including 19 cohorts and 5070 patients were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that elevated expression level of CXCL5 was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (pooled HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.36–2.12), progression-free survival (pooled HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.09–2.49) and recurrence-free survival (pooled HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.15–1.93) in cancer patients. However, high or low expression of CXCL5 made no difference in predicting the disease-free survival (pooled HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.11–3.49) of cancer patients. Furthermore, we found that high CXCL5 expression was associated with reduced OS in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HR 1.91; 95% CI 1.31–2.78) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.55–2.27). However, there was no significant association between expression level of CXCL5 with the OS in lung cancer (HR 1.25; 95% CI 0.79–1.99) and colorectal cancer (HR 1.16; 95% CI 0.32–4.22, p = 0.826) in current meta-analysis. Conclusions In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggested that elevated CXCL5 expression might be an adverse prognostic marker for cancer patients, which could help the clinical decision making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binwu Hu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huiqian Fan
- 2Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xiao Lv
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Songfeng Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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30
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Wang C, Li A, Yang S, Qiao R, Zhu X, Zhang J. CXCL5 promotes mitomycin C resistance in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer by activating EMT and NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:862-868. [PMID: 29545183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of chemoresistance greatly increases the recurrence risk for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, which is still a big concern of clinicians. Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance is of great significance for preventing and reversing it. We showed here that CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) was overexpressed in mitomycin C-resistant bladder cancer cell line M-RT4. Meanwhile, parental RT4 cell treated with recombinant human CXCL5 (rhCXCL5) reduced its sensitivity to mitomycin C. Conversely, knockdown CXCL5 sensitized M-RT4 cell. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms finding that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and NF-κB pathway were activated in M-RT4 cell, which could be attenuated by knockdown CXCL5. All these data indicated that CXCL5 may promote mitomycin resistance by activating EMT and NF-κB pathway. Thus, our study identifies CXCL5 as a novel chemoresistance-related marker in NMIBC, thereby providing new strategies to overcome chemoresistance for NMIBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aiwei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
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31
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Wang L, Shi L, Gu J, Zhan C, Xi J, Ding J, Ge D. CXCL5 regulation of proliferation and migration in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Physiol Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Soler-Cardona A, Forsthuber A, Lipp K, Ebersberger S, Heinz M, Schossleitner K, Buchberger E, Gröger M, Petzelbauer P, Hoeller C, Wagner E, Loewe R. CXCL5 Facilitates Melanoma Cell-Neutrophil Interaction and Lymph Node Metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1627-1635. [PMID: 29474942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines influence tumor metastasis by targeting tumor, stromal, and hematopoietic cells. Characterizing the chemokine mRNA expression profile of human primary melanoma samples, we found CXCL5 significantly up-regulated in stage T4 primary melanomas when compared to thin melanomas (T1 stage). To characterize the role of CXCL5 in melanoma progression, we established a metastasizing murine xenograft model using CXCL5-overexpressing human melanoma cells. CXCL5 had no effect on melanoma proliferation in vitro and on primary tumor growth in vivo, but CXCL5-overexpressing tumors recruited high amounts of neutrophils and exhibited significantly increased lymphangiogenesis in our severe combined immune-deficient mouse model. Recruited neutrophils were found in close proximity to or within lymphatic vessels, often in direct contact with melanoma cells. Clinically, CXCL5-overexpressing melanomas had significantly increased lymph node metastases. We were able to translate these findings to human patient samples and found a positive correlation between CXCL5 expression, numbers of neutrophils in stage T4 primary melanoma, and the occurrence of subsequent locoregional metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Soler-Cardona
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Forsthuber
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Lipp
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Magdalena Heinz
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marion Gröger
- Core Facility Imaging, Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hoeller
- Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Wagner
- Genes, Development and Disease Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Loewe
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of General Dermatology and Dermato-Oncology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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33
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Wu K, Yu S, Liu Q, Bai X, Zheng X, Wu K. The clinical significance of CXCL5 in non-small cell lung cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5561-5573. [PMID: 29200871 PMCID: PMC5702175 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a CXC-type chemokine, ENA78/CXCL5 is an important attractant for granulocytes by binding to its receptor CXCR2. Recent studies proved that CXCL5/CXCR2 axis plays an oncogenic role in many human cancers. However, the exact clinical significance of CXCL5 in lung cancer has not been well defined. Here, we found that the serum protein expression of CXCL5 was significantly increased in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with that in healthy volunteers. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that CXCL5 protein was higher in various lung cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Moreover, CXCL5 expression correlated with histological grade, tumor size, and TNM stage in NSCLC. Elevated CXCL5 protein abundance predicted poor overall survival in adenocarcinoma patients. Further meta-analysis demonstrated that CXCL5 mRNA expression was also positively associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and worse survival. Kaplan–Meier plot analyses indicated high CXCL5 was associated with short overall survival and progression-free survival. Together, these results indicated that CXCL5 may be a potential biomarker for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongju Wu
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
| | - Shengnan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianguang Bai
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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34
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Yang Y, Hou J, Shao M, Zhang W, Qi Y, E S, Wang S, Sui H, Meng D, Wang B, Wang M, Han Y, Cao Y, Huang X, Li Y, Zhang P, Wang W. CXCL5 as an autocrine or paracrine cytokine is associated with proliferation and migration of hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7977-7985. [PMID: 29344240 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a CXC-type chemokine that is a crucial inflammatory mediator and a powerful attractant for granulocytic immune cells. Increasing evidence has indicated that CXCL5 is involved in the tumorigenesis of various malignancies. The present investigation demonstrated that CXCL5 was expressed in both hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells and liver stellate LX-2 cells, and CXCL5's receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CXCR2) was expressed in HepG2 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and ELISA assays. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation and Transwell assays revealed that exogenous CXCL5 expression efficiently promoted proliferation, colony formation and migration of HepG2 cells. To explore the autocrine and paracrine roles of CXCL5 in the oncogenic potential of HepG2 cells, HepG2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 and LX-2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 were successfully constructed by gene transfection. Similarly, overexpression of CXCL5 in HepG2 also enhanced proliferation, colony formation and migration of HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the condition medium of LX-2 cells overexpressing CXCL5 affected the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. RT-PCR and western blotting assays were also conducted to explore whether overexpression of CXCL5 in HepG2 modulated the expression of genes. The results revealed that overexpression of CXCL5 regulated the expression of several genes, including N-myc downregulated gene 3,w B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein, P53, vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β and cystathionine-γ-lyase. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that CXCL5/CXCR2 axis contributes to the oncogenic potential of hepatoblastoma via autocrine or paracrine pathways by regulating expression of genes associated with the progression of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Jie Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Shao
- The Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Qi
- Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan E
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Sui
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Baixin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yang Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Pengxia Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Basic Medical College, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
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35
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Mirabelli P, Mukwaya A, Lennikov A, Xeroudaki M, Peebo B, Schaupper M, Lagali N. Genome-wide expression differences in anti-Vegf and dexamethasone treatment of inflammatory angiogenesis in the rat cornea. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7616. [PMID: 28811496 PMCID: PMC5557983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis as a pathological process in the eye can lead to blindness. In the cornea, suppression of angiogenesis by anti-VEGF treatment is only partially effective while steroids, although effective in treating inflammation and angiogenesis, have broad activity leading to undesirable side effects. In this study, genome-wide expression was investigated in a suture-induced corneal neovascularization model in rats, to investigate factors differentially targeted by dexamethasone and anti-Vegf. Topical treatment with either rat-specific anti-Vegf, dexamethasone, or normal goat IgG (sham) was given to sutured corneas for 48 hours, after which in vivo imaging, tissue processing for RNA microarray, and immunofluorescence were performed. Dexamethasone suppressed limbal vasodilation (P < 0.01) and genes in PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, and chemokine signaling pathways more effectively than anti-Vegf. The most differentially expressed genes were confirmed by immunofluorescence, qRTPCR and Western blot. Strong suppression of Reg3g and the inflammatory chemokines Ccl2 and Cxcl5 and activation of classical complement pathway factors C1r, C1s, C2, and C3 occurred with dexamethasone treatment, effects absent with anti-Vegf treatment. The genome-wide results obtained in this study provide numerous potential targets for specific blockade of inflammation and angiogenesis in the cornea not addressed by anti-Vegf treatment, as possible alternatives to broad-acting immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Mirabelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Xeroudaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mira Schaupper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine,Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.
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36
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Cheng ZH, Shi YX, Yuan M, Xiong D, Zheng JH, Zhang ZY. Chemokines and their receptors in lung cancer progression and metastasis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017; 17:342-51. [PMID: 27143261 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality around the world. Despite advancements in diagnosis, surgical techniques, and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy over the last decade, the mortality rate is still high and the 5-year survival is a dismal 15%. Fortunately, early detection by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans has reduced mortality by 20%; yet, overall, 5-year-survival remains low at less than 20%. Therefore, in order to ameliorate this situation, a thorough understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is urgently needed. Chemokines and their receptors, crucial microenvironmental factors, play important roles in lung tumor genesis, progression, and metastasis, and exploring the mechanisms of this might bring new insights into early diagnosis and precisely targeted treatment. Consequently, this review will mainly focus on recent advancements on the axes of chemokines and their receptors of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hui Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Radiology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Yu-Xin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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37
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Caputo D, Caricato M, Coppola A, La Vaccara V, Fiore M, Coppola R. Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Derived Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (d-NLR) Predict Non-Responders and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Radical Surgery After Neo-Adjuvant Radio-Chemotherapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:440-451. [PMID: 27740855 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1229332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR) in predicting response and complications in rectal cancer patients who underwent surgery after neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy, 87 patients were evaluated. Cutoffs before and after radio-chemotherapy were respectively 2.8 and 3.8 for NLR, and 1.4 and 2.3 for d-NLR. They were analyzed in relation to clinical and pathological outcomes. Patients with preoperative NLR and d-NLR higher than cutoffs had significantly higher rates of tumor regression grade response (TRG ≥ 4) and postoperative complications. Elevated NLR and d-NLR after radio-chemotherapy are associated with worse pathological and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Caputo
- a Department of General Surgery , University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Caricato
- a Department of General Surgery , University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Coppola
- b International PhD Programme in Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Vincenzo La Vaccara
- a Department of General Surgery , University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Michele Fiore
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Roberto Coppola
- a Department of General Surgery , University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma , Rome , Italy
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INO80 is required for oncogenic transcription and tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1430-1439. [PMID: 27641337 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulators are attractive targets for the development of new cancer therapies. Among them, the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes control the chromatin architecture and have important roles in gene regulation. They are often found to be mutated and de-regulated in cancers, but how they influence the cancer gene expression program during cancer initiation and progression is not fully understood. Here we show that the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex is required for oncogenic transcription and tumor growth in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ino80, the SWI/SNF ATPase in the complex, is highly expressed in NSCLC cells compared with normal lung epithelia cells. Further, its expression, as well as that of another subunit Ino80B, negatively correlates with disease prognosis in lung cancer patients. Functionally, INO80 silencing inhibits NSCLC cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor formation in mouse xenografts. It occupies enhancer regions near lung cancer-associated genes, and its occupancy correlates with increased genome accessibility and enhanced expression of downstream genes. Together, our study defines a critical role of INO80 in promoting oncogenic transcription and NSCLC tumorigenesis, and reveals a potential treatment strategy for inhibiting the cancer transcription network by targeting the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex.
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Bai J, Adriani G, Dang TM, Tu TY, Penny HXL, Wong SC, Kamm RD, Thiery JP. Contact-dependent carcinoma aggregate dispersion by M2a macrophages via ICAM-1 and β2 integrin interactions. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25295-307. [PMID: 26231039 PMCID: PMC4694832 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can constitute up to 50% of the tumor mass and have strong implications in tumor progression and metastasis. Macrophages are plastic and can polarize to various subtypes that differ in terms of surface receptor expression as well as cytokine and chemokine production and effector function. Conventionally, macrophages are grouped into two major subtypes: the classically activated M1 macrophages and the alternatively activated M2 macrophages. M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory, promote T helper (Th) 1 responses, and show tumoricidal activity, whereas M2 macrophages contribute to tissue repair and promote Th2 responses. Herein, we present a microfluidic system integrating tumor cell aggregates and subtypes of human monocyte-derived macrophages in a three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold, in close co-culture with an endothelial monolayer to create an in vitro tumor microenvironment. This platform was utilized to study the role of individual subtypes of macrophages (M0, M1, M2a, M2b and M2c) in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) aggregate dispersion, as a representation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A significant difference was observed when M2a macrophages were in direct contact with or separated from A549 aggregates, suggesting a possible mechanism for proximity-induced, contact-dependent dissemination via ICAM-1 and integrin β2 interactions. Indeed, M2a macrophages tended to infiltrate and release cells from carcinoma cell aggregates. These findings may help in the development of immunotherapies based on enhancing the tumor-suppressive properties of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore
| | - Truong-Minh Dang
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yuan Tu
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore
| | - Hwei-Xian Leong Penny
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 138648, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jean-Paul Thiery
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 138602, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
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40
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Choi SH, Ruggiero D, Sorice R, Song C, Nutile T, Vernon Smith A, Concas MP, Traglia M, Barbieri C, Ndiaye NC, Stathopoulou MG, Lagou V, Maestrale GB, Sala C, Debette S, Kovacs P, Lind L, Lamont J, Fitzgerald P, Tönjes A, Gudnason V, Toniolo D, Pirastu M, Bellenguez C, Vasan RS, Ingelsson E, Leutenegger AL, Johnson AD, DeStefano AL, Visvikis-Siest S, Seshadri S, Ciullo M. Six Novel Loci Associated with Circulating VEGF Levels Identified by a Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005874. [PMID: 26910538 PMCID: PMC4766012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic and neurotrophic factor, secreted by endothelial cells, known to impact various physiological and disease processes from cancer to cardiovascular disease and to be pharmacologically modifiable. We sought to identify novel loci associated with circulating VEGF levels through a genome-wide association meta-analysis combining data from European-ancestry individuals and using a dense variant map from 1000 genomes imputation panel. Six discovery cohorts including 13,312 samples were analyzed, followed by in-silico and de-novo replication studies including an additional 2,800 individuals. A total of 10 genome-wide significant variants were identified at 7 loci. Four were novel loci (5q14.3, 10q21.3, 16q24.2 and 18q22.3) and the leading variants at these loci were rs114694170 (MEF2C, P = 6.79x10-13), rs74506613 (JMJD1C, P = 1.17x10-19), rs4782371 (ZFPM1, P = 1.59x10-9) and rs2639990 (ZADH2, P = 1.72x10-8), respectively. We also identified two new independent variants (rs34528081, VEGFA, P = 1.52x10-18; rs7043199, VLDLR-AS1, P = 5.12x10-14) at the 3 previously identified loci and strengthened the evidence for the four previously identified SNPs (rs6921438, LOC100132354, P = 7.39x10-1467; rs1740073, C6orf223, P = 2.34x10-17; rs6993770, ZFPM2, P = 2.44x10-60; rs2375981, KCNV2, P = 1.48x10-100). These variants collectively explained up to 52% of the VEGF phenotypic variance. We explored biological links between genes in the associated loci using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis that emphasized their roles in embryonic development and function. Gene set enrichment analysis identified the ERK5 pathway as enriched in genes containing VEGF associated variants. eQTL analysis showed, in three of the identified regions, variants acting as both cis and trans eQTLs for multiple genes. Most of these genes, as well as some of those in the associated loci, were involved in platelet biogenesis and functionality, suggesting the importance of this process in regulation of VEGF levels. This work also provided new insights into the involvement of genes implicated in various angiogenesis related pathologies in determining circulating VEGF levels. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which the identified genes affect circulating VEGF levels could be important in the development of novel VEGF-related therapies for such diseases. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a protein with a fundamental role in development of vascular system. The protein, produced by many types of cells, is released in the blood. High levels of VEGF have been observed in different pathological conditions especially in cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, identifying the genetic factors influencing VEGF levels is important for predicting and treating such pathologies. The number of genetic variants associated with VEGF levels has been limited. To identify new loci, we have performed a Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis on a sample of more than 16,000 individuals from 10 cohorts, using a high-density genetic map. This analysis revealed 10 variants associated with VEGF circulating levels, 6 of these being novel associations. The 10 variants cumulatively explain more than 50% of the variability of VEGF serum levels. Our analyses have identified genes known to be involved in angiogenesis related diseases and genes implicated in platelet metabolism, suggesting the importance of links between this process and VEGF regulation. Overall, these data have improved our understanding of the genetic variation underlying circulating VEGF levels. This in turn could guide our response to the challenge posed by various VEGF-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoan Choi
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Sorice
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Ci Song
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Albert Vernon Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Barbieri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Maria G. Stathopoulou
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Pirastu
- Institute of Population Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Sassari, Italy
| | - Celine Bellenguez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSEM U744, Lille, France
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Louise Leutenegger
- INSERM U946, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, UMR-S 946, Paris, France
| | - Andrew D. Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anita L. DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- UMR INSERM U1122, IGE-PCV “Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire”, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (MC)
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (SS); (MC)
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Chan R, Sethi P, Jyoti A, McGarry R, Upreti M. Investigating the Radioresistant Properties of Lung Cancer Stem Cells in the Context of the Tumor Microenvironment. Radiat Res 2016; 185:169-81. [PMID: 26836231 DOI: 10.1667/rr14285.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of all lung cancer. While recent research has shown that cancer stem cells (CSC) exhibit radioresistant and chemoresistant properties, current cancer therapy targets the bulk of the tumor burden without accounting for the CSC and the contribution of the tumor microenvironment. CSC interaction with the stroma enhances NSCLC survival, thus limiting the efficacy of treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of CSC and the microenvironment in conferring radio- or chemoresistance in an in vitro tumor model for NSCLC. The novel in vitro three-dimensional (3D) NSCLC model of color-coded tumor tissue analogs (TTA) that we have developed is comprised of human lung adenocarcinoma cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and NSCLC cancer stem cells maintained in low oxygen conditions (5% O2) to recapitulate the physiologic conditions in tumors. Using this model, we demonstrate that a single 5 Gy radiation dose does not inhibit growth of TTA containing CSC and results in elevated expression of cytokines (TGF-α, RANTES, ENA-78) and factors (vimentin, MMP and TIMP), indicative of an invasive and aggressive phenotype. However, combined treatment of single dose or fractionated doses with cisplatin was found to either attenuate or decrease the proliferative effect that radiation exposure alone had on TTA containing CSC maintained in hypoxic conditions. In summary, we utilized a 3D NSCLC model, which had characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and tumor cell heterogeneity, to elucidate the multifactorial nature of radioresistance in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596; and b Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293
| | - Pallavi Sethi
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596; and b Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293
| | - Amar Jyoti
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596; and b Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293
| | - Ronald McGarry
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596; and b Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293
| | - Meenakshi Upreti
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596; and b Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0293
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Guo F, Guo L, Li Y, Zhou Q, Li Z. MALAT1 is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA associated with tumor invasion in non-small cell lung cancer regulated by DNA methylation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15903-15910. [PMID: 26884862 PMCID: PMC4730075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MALAT1 is an important long noncoding RNA in tumor progression. Here we showed that the expression of MALAT1 was upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs) or tissues as compared with the normal lung cell or tissues. Thus, the knockdown of MALAT1 led to decreased cell migration and invasion. Next we also found that CXCL5 as a downstream gene of MALAT1 regulated cell migration and invasion. However the regulation of MALAT1 expression was rarely known. Here we found that the treatment with SAM suppressed of MALAT1 expression. Finally, we showed that the methylated forms of MALAT1 promoter in lung cancer cells or tissues decreased compared with normal lung cells or tissues. These demonstrated that the expression of MALAT1 was dependent on the methylation. Overall, our findings illuminate the oncogenic function of MALAT1 which is regulated by DNA methylation that might provide potential clinical application in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lili Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin, P. R. China
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43
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Wang DY, Zou LP, Liu XJ, Zhu HG, Zhu R. Chemokine Expression Profiles of Human Hepatoma Cell Lines Mediated by Hepatitis B Virus X Protein. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:393-9. [PMID: 26581611 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx), which is encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV), plays crucial roles in the tumorigenesis of HBV associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies suggest that the HBx is involved in regulation of host immune cytokines and chemokines in HBV-associated HCC patients. However, effects of the HBx on autocrine chemokine expression profiles of hepatoma cells, which were shown in modulation of tumor-immune cell interactions, have not been investigated comprehensively. In the present study, human hepatoma cell lines SMMC-7721 and HepG2 were transfected with HBx-expressing plasmid. Human chemokine antibody array 1 (RayBio®), which simultaneously detects 38 chemokine factors, was used to determine chemokine expression profiles. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to further confirm the differential expression of chemokines. Chemokine antibody array revealed that all 38 chomekines were found to be expressed by SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cell lines. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was obviously up-regulated, and epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 (ENA78), eosinophil chemotactic protein-1 (Eotaxin-1), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), MCP-2, MCP-3 and macrophage inflammatory protein-3β (MIP-3β) were significantly declined in both cell lines following transfection of HBx-expressing plasmid. Other chemokines showed little or no significant changes. HBx-induced differential chemokine expression levels were validated by real-time PCR. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified a distinction of chomekine expression profiles between HBX-expressing hepatoma cell lines and controls. Our findings provide new evidence that HBx is able to selectively regulate chomekines in hepatoma cells that may be involved in the regulation of tumor-immune cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Hamilton G, Rath B, Klameth L, Hochmair MJ. Small cell lung cancer: Recruitment of macrophages by circulating tumor cells. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1093277. [PMID: 27141354 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1093277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor progression, suppression of antitumor immunity and dissemination. Blood monocytes infiltrate the tumor region and are primed by local microenvironmental conditions to promote tumor growth and invasion. Although many of the interacting cytokines and factors are known for the tumor-macrophage interactions, the putative contribution of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is not known so far. These specialized cells are characterized by increased mobility, ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to enter the blood stream and generate secondary lesions which is a leading cause of death for the majority of tumor patients. The first establishment of two permanent CTC lines, namely BHGc7 and 10, from blood samples of advanced stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients allowed us to investigate the CTC-immune cell interaction. Cocultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) with CTCs or addition of CTC-conditioned medium (CTC-CM) in vitro resulted in monocyte-macrophage differentiation and appearance of CD14+, CD163weak and CD68+ macrophages expressing markers of TAMs. Furthermore, we screened the supernatants of CTC-primed macrophages for presence of approximately 100 cytokines and compared the expression with those induced by the local metastatic SCLC26A cell line. Macrophages recruited by SCLC26A-CM showed expression of osteopontin (OPN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8, chitinase3-like 1 (CHI3L1), platelet factor (Pf4), IL-1ra and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) among other minor cytokines/chemokines. In contrast, BHGc7-CM induced marked overexpression of complement factor D (CFD)/adipsin and vitamin D-BP (VDBP), as well as increased secretion of OPN, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), CHI3L1, uPAR, MIP-1 and GDF-15/MIC-1. BHGc10, derived independently from relapsed SCLC, revealed an almost identical pattern with added expression of ENA-78/CXCL5. CMs of the non-tumor HEK293 cell line revealed no induction of macrophages, whereas incubation of PBMNCs with recombinant CHI3L1 gave positive results. Thus, the specific contributions of CTCs in SCLC affect CFD/adipsin, possibly involved in immunity/cachexia, VDBP which gives rise to group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF), GDF-15/MIC-1 which enhances the malignant phenotype of tumor cells and ENA-78/CXCL5 which attracts angiogenic neutrophils. In conclusion, CTCs are competent to specifically manipulate TAMs to increase invasiveness, angiogenesis, immunosuppression and possibly lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Hamilton
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna , Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Rath
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology , Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Klameth
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster of Translational Oncology , Vienna, Austria
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45
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Rossant CJ, Carroll D, Huang L, Elvin J, Neal F, Walker E, Benschop JJ, Kim EE, Barry ST, Vaughan TJ. Phage display and hybridoma generation of antibodies to human CXCR2 yields antibodies with distinct mechanisms and epitopes. MAbs 2015; 6:1425-38. [PMID: 25484064 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.34376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of functional antibodies against integral membrane proteins such as the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR2 is technically challenging for several reasons, including limited epitope accessibility, the requirement for a lipid environment to maintain structure and their existence in dynamic conformational states. Antibodies to human CXCR2 were generated by immunization in vivo and by in vitro selection methods. Whole cell immunization of transgenic mice and screening of phage display libraries using CXCR2 magnetic proteoliposomes resulted in the isolation of antibodies with distinct modes of action. The hybridoma-derived antibody fully inhibited IL-8 and Gro-α responses in calcium flux and β-arrestin recruitment assays. The phage-display derived antibodies were allosteric antagonists that showed ligand dependent differences in functional assays. The hybridoma and phage display antibodies did not cross-compete in epitope competition assays and mapping using linear and CLIPS peptides confirmed that they recognized distinct epitopes of human CXCR2. This illustrates the benefits of using parallel antibody isolation approaches with different antigen presentation methods to successfully generate functionally and mechanistically diverse antagonistic antibodies to human CXCR2. The method is likely to be broadly applicable to other complex membrane proteins.
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Key Words
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- CXCR2
- CXCR2, C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 2
- ECL, extracellular loops
- ENA-78, epithelial derived -neutrophil activating protein
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FMAT, Fluorescence Microvolume Assay Technology
- GCP-2, granulocyte activating protein
- GPCR
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- Gro-α, growth related oncogene- α
- Gro-β, growth related oncogene- β
- Gro-γ, growth related oncogene- γ
- IL-8, Interleukin-8
- Ig, Immunoglobulin
- NAP-2, neutrophil activating protein-2, CLIPS, Chemical Linkage of Peptides onto Scaffolds
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- epitope mapping
- human antibody
- immunization
- phage display
- proteoliposomes
- scFv, single chain Fv fragments
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Chemokine-Derived Peptides: Novel Antimicrobial and Antineoplasic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12958-85. [PMID: 26062132 PMCID: PMC4490481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a burgeoning family of chemotactic cytokines displaying a broad array of functions such as regulation of homeostatic leukocyte traffic and development, as well as activating the innate immune system. Their role in controlling early and late inflammatory stages is now well recognized. An improper balance either in chemokine synthesis or chemokine receptor expression contributes to various pathological disorders making chemokines and their receptors a useful therapeutic target. Research in this area is progressing rapidly, and development of novel agents based on chemokine/chemokine receptors antagonist functions are emerging as attractive alternative drugs. Some of these novel agents include generation of chemokine-derived peptides (CDP) with potential agonist and antagonist effects on inflammation, cancer and against bacterial infections. CDP have been generated mainly from N- and C-terminus chemokine sequences with subsequent modifications such as truncations or elongations. In this review, we present a glimpse of the different pharmacological actions reported for CDP and our current understanding regarding the potential use of CDP alone or as part of the novel therapies proposed in the treatment of microbial infections and cancer.
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48
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Sahingur SE, Yeudall WA. Chemokine function in periodontal disease and oral cavity cancer. Front Immunol 2015; 6:214. [PMID: 25999952 PMCID: PMC4419853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotactic cytokines, or chemokines, comprise a superfamily of polypeptides with a wide range of activities that include recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation, as well as stimulation of cell proliferation. As such, they function as antimicrobial molecules and play a central role in host defenses against pathogen challenge. However, their ability to recruit leukocytes and potentiate or prolong the inflammatory response may have profound implications for the progression of oral diseases such as chronic periodontitis, where tissue destruction may be widespread. Moreover, it is increasingly recognized that chronic inflammation is a key component of tumor progression. Interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment is mediated in large part by secreted factors such as chemokines, and serves to enhance the malignant phenotype in oral and other cancers. In this article, we will outline the biological and biochemical mechanisms of chemokine action in host–microbiome interactions in periodontal disease and in oral cancer, and how these may overlap and contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - W Andrew Yeudall
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
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49
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Liu X, Dai LI, Zhou R. Association between preeclampsia and the CXC chemokine family (Review). Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1572-1576. [PMID: 26136860 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity, characterized by gestational hypertension, proteinuria, systemic endothelial cell activation and an exaggerated inflammatory response. The precise cause of preeclampsia is not currently known; however, it is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia involves inadequate trophoblast invasion, leading to generalized endothelial dysfunction and an exaggerated inflammatory response. Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally similar proteins that mediate cell recruitment, angiogenesis, immunity and stem cell trafficking. CXC chemokines are a family of cytokines, unique in their ability to behave in a disparate manner in the regulation of angiogenesis. The CXC chemokine family further divides into two subfamilies; CXC ELR+, which promotes angiogenesis, and CXC ELR-, which inhibits angiogenesis. Furthermore, CXC chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of various conditions, including malignant tumors, wound repair, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis and potentially preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - L I Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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50
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Iman V, Karimian H, Mohan S, Hobani YH, Noordin MI, Mustafa MR, Noor SM. In vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic activity of girinimbine isolated from Murraya koenigii. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1281-92. [PMID: 25767375 PMCID: PMC4354401 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Girinimbine is a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the stem bark and root of Murraya koenigii. Here we report that girinimbine is an inhibitor of angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. MTT results showed that girinimbine inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, while results from endothelial cell invasion, migration, tube formation, and wound healing assays demonstrated significant time- and dose-dependent inhibition by girinimbine. A proteome profiler array done on girinimbine-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed that girinimbine had mediated regulation of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic proteins. The anti-angiogenic potential of girinimbine was also evidenced in vivo in the zebrafish embryo model wherein girinimbine inhibited neo vessel formation in zebrafish embryos following 24 hours of exposure. Together, these results showed that girinimbine could effectively suppress angiogenesis, suggestive of its therapeutic potential as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venoos Iman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Medical Research Center, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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