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Poitras M, Shearzad F, Qureshi AF, Blackburn C, Plamondon H. Bloody stressed! A systematic review of the associations between adulthood psychological stress and menstrual cycle irregularity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105784. [PMID: 38950686 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Regular menstruation is a key indicator of general health and irregular menstrual parameters have been associated with elevated risk of adverse health outcomes. While psychological stress is believed to contribute to abnormal menstruation, little is known of the effects of discrete psychological stressors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on menstrual function. A systematic database search was performed and studies investigating the relation between psychological stress and menstrual cycle irregularity in otherwise healthy adults were included. Two independent investigators completed abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. In the 41 included studies, a variety of stressors were assessed, namely COVID-19 pandemic stress, academic stress, and occupational stress. Our review found most studies report an association between psychological stress and menstrual dysfunction, with the most common disruptions being irregular menstruation and abnormal menstrual flow. Our findings also underlined notable discrepancies in the operational definitions used in the study of menstrual disorders. These observations emphasize the importance of psychological stress as a modifiable risk factor associated with irregular menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou Poitras
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fatima Shearzad
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aliya F Qureshi
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Cassandra Blackburn
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hélène Plamondon
- Cerebro Vascular Accidents and Behavioural Recovery Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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2
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B Dowdell E, Lamade RV, Lee AF, Schuler A, Prentky RA. Problematic Behaviors and Predicting Online Risk Behaviors in High School Students. J Sch Nurs 2024; 40:316-328. [PMID: 35440221 DOI: 10.1177/10598405221091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent behavior now occurs offline and online. Frequently studied and treated independently, the relationship between offline problem behaviors and online risk taking is not well understood. This study asked whether there are any problematic behaviors predictive of online risk taking by high school students. Using a 2009 dataset of 2,077 high school students grades 9-12, five areas of offline problematic behaviors were examined: Academic problems, anxiety, behavioral wrongdoing, bullying, and social-emotional. Nine binary results were classified as online risk: Sexting, online harassment (perpetrating and experiencing), visiting sex sites, talking about sex, receiving sexual pictures, meeting offline, anything sexual happened, feeling nervous or uncomfortable. Behavioral wrongdoing (fighting, school suspension, trouble with police, theft), emerged as a significant predictor appearing in all nine models, followed by bullying experience (bully or victim) in six models. Identifying common problem behaviors that predict online risk taking are key components in developing strategies to promote adolescent health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Dowdell
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Raina V Lamade
- University of Massachusetts - Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Austin F Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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3
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Mușat MI, Militaru F, Udriștoiu I, Mitran SI, Cătălin B. Alcohol Consumption Is a Coping Mechanism for Male Patients with Severe Anxiety Disorders Treated with Antidepressants Monotherapy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2723. [PMID: 38731251 PMCID: PMC11084266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are prevalent mental health conditions often accompanied by various comorbidities. The association between anxiety and liver disease, as well as fluctuations in blood sugar levels, highlights the importance of carefully evaluating patients with anxiety undergoing antidepressant therapy. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of liver function and blood glucose levels in patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders while considering potential gender-specific differences. Methods: An analysis was conducted over a 24-month period. This study included 88 patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders, with symptoms severe enough to require hospitalization, aged 18 or older, undergoing antidepressant monotherapy, without any additional pathologies. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT), AST/ALT ratio, and blood glucose levels were measured and compared. Results: While no significant differences were found between antidepressant classes, increased GGT levels were observed in men older than 40 years compared to women of the same age, suggesting that alcohol consumption may be a coping mechanism for anxiety. This gender difference was not observed among young patients. Conclusions: Early detection of alcohol consumption is essential in patients with anxiety disorders in order to prevent alcohol-related liver damage and to adjust the management of both conditions accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Iuliana Mușat
- U.M.F. Doctoral School Craiova, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Felicia Militaru
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Udriștoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Smaranda Ioana Mitran
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Bogdan Cătălin
- Experimental Research Centre for Normal and Pathological Aging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Abidin FA, Sunardy GN, Yudiana W, Alverina Y, Coplan RJ. Assessment and correlates of aloneliness among Indonesian adolescents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28862. [PMID: 38601512 PMCID: PMC11004735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The goals of this study were to: (1) adapt and validate a measure of aloneliness (Solitude and Aloneliness Scale; SolAS) for use among Indonesian adolescents; (2) examine the associations between aloneliness and indices of well-being in this unique developmental and cultural context; and (3) explore possible grade and gender effects. Methods Participants were Indonesian adolescents aged 11-18 years (M = 14.13 years, SD = 1.62; 58.51% girls) who completed self-report assessments of the adapted SolAS (newly created Indonesian translation), as well as indices of adjustment (e.g., well-being, basic psychological need satisfaction). Results Among the results, the Indonesian version of the SolAS demonstrated good psychometric properties (e.g., factor structure, good internal reliability) and initial evidence of validity (e.g., significant negative correlations with measures of psychological well-being and basic psychological needs satisfaction). Girls reported higher levels of aloneliness than boys, but no significant grade differences emerged. Conclusions The SolAS evidenced good psychometric properties and evidence of validity in a sample of Indonesian adolescents, suggesting it is desirable for cross-cultural research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Ariyanti Abidin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Center for Family Life and Parenting Studies, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Grace Natasha Sunardy
- Postgraduate Professional Psychology Study Programme, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Whisnu Yudiana
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
- Department of Neuro- and Rehabilitation Psychology, Donders Center for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yohana Alverina
- Postgraduate Professional Psychology Study Programme, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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Le E, Chaku N, Foster KT, Weigard AS, Beltz AM. The link between daily affective complexity and anxiety is altered by oral contraceptive use. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 198:112310. [PMID: 38272264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Affective complexity - the unique ways in which individuals' emotions covary and differentiate - is an important aspect of internalizing problems. For instance, daily affective complexity has been linked to anxiety increases in women and to decreases in men. The mechanisms underlying this gender difference have not been widely investigated, but a role for ovarian hormones is likely. Research on oral contraceptives (OCs) provides promising insights into such mechanisms, as OCs suppress endogenous ovarian hormone production and vary in exogenous hormone formulations. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine links between daily affective complexity and internalizing problems in OC users (n = 84), focusing on dimensionally-assessed anxiety, and to investigate whether the links varied by pill formulation. Affective complexity was operationalized as number of factors for each person, as estimated by p-technique (i.e., person-specific factor analysis) of 75-day intensive longitudinal data. There was not a relation between affective complexity and anxiety in OC users, and this did not depend on OC pill formulation (i.e., estrogenic, progestational, or androgenic activities). Thus, OC use may blunt the relation between affective complexity and anxiety, as OC users had a relation in between the established positive relation for naturally cycling women and the inverse for men (despite a similar range of factors). Findings are consistent with a growing literature showing that OC use modulates stress and anxiety-linked processes, and suggest that gendered mechanisms underlying the relation between affective complexity and anxiety may be suppressed along with ovarian hormones in OC users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Le
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, USA
| | - Natasha Chaku
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, USA; Indiana University Bloomington, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, USA
| | - Katherine T Foster
- University of Washington, Department of Psychology, USA; University of Washington, Department of Global Health, USA
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Eckert AP, Wallner L, Hofstädter ACS. [Emetophobia - the Specific Phobia of Vomiting: a case report]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 92:135-138. [PMID: 38295837 DOI: 10.1055/a-2248-5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungUnter Emetophobie versteht man eine intensive und irrationale Angst vor dem
Erbrechen. Sie zählt zu den spezifischen Phobien. Die Emetophobie ist
eine bisher noch wenig erforschte Erkrankung. Über Ursachen und
Prävalenz ist nur wenig bekannt, zudem fehlt es an systematisch
gesichertem Wissen zur Behandlung. Die meisten Studien weisen jedoch darauf hin,
dass die Emetophobie überwiegend Frauen betrifft, früh in der
Kindheit beginnt, meist einen chronischen Verlauf nimmt, mit psychischen
Komorbiditäten einhergeht und Betroffene oft aus Scham nicht von ihrem
Leiden berichten. Die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) mit Exposition und
Reaktionsmanagement scheint das derzeit wirksamste Therapieverfahren zur
Behandlung der Emetophobie. Wir berichten über den Fall einer
20-jährigen Frau, die initial wegen einer schweren depressiven Episode
zur stationär-psychiatrischen Krankenhausbehandlung aufgenommen wurde.
Das Erkennen der Emetophobie war dadurch erschwert, dass die Patientin aus Scham
nicht spontan über ihre Symptome berichtete. Eine gründliche und
strukturierte Anamneseerhebung ist daher unerlässlich, da Betroffene oft
versuchen, ihre Symptome zu verheimlichen. Aus diesem Grunde wird die Erkrankung
oft übersehen und meist erst spät diagnostiziert und behandelt.
Unsere Patientin beklagte eine starke emotionale Belastung durch die Symptome
der Emetophobie, zeigte Vermeidungs- und Sicherheitsverhalten und war in ihrer
Lebensqualität und allgemeinen Funktionsfähigkeit erheblich
eingeschränkt. Die Symptomatik unserer Patientin besserte sich nach
Beginn der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie. Diese beinhaltete Wissensvermittlung
durch Psychoedukation, eine Überprüfung und Korrektur
dysfunktionaler Kognitionen, graduierte Expositionen sowie der Aufbau positiver
Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen. Es besteht weiterer Bedarf an Forschung, um mehr
über dieses noch recht unbekannte Krankheitsbild zu erfahren, das ebenso
viel Leid und psychosoziale Einschränkungen versuchen kann wie andere
schwere psychische Erkrankungen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Philipp Eckert
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Wallner
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Alalalmeh SO, Hegazi OE, Shahwan M, Hassan N, Humaid Alnuaimi GR, Alaila RF, Jairoun A, Tariq Hamdi Y, Abdullah MT, Abdullah RM, Zyoud SH. Assessing mental health among students in the UAE: A cross-sectional study utilizing the DASS-21 scale. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101987. [PMID: 38405042 PMCID: PMC10891328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The escalating worldwide concerns for mental health, significantly amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates understanding the impact on vulnerable populations, such as university students. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and implications of depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21). Methods This study utilized convenience sampling to investigate the mental health of undergraduates in UAE universities using a bilingual DASS-21 questionnaire via Google Forms. Analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, Mann-Whitney tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Multinomial Logistic Regression to analyze relationships between sociodemographic variables and mental health scores. Results The study examined 332 students, with most female participants (81 %, n = 269) and individuals aged 18-20 (89.8 %, n = 298). It revealed higher mean DASS scores among females: Depression (M = 15.80, p = 0.030), Anxiety (M = 17.63, p < 0.001), and Stress (M = 22.61, p < 0.001). Fourth-year students exhibited the highest DASS scores for depression (M = 30.33, p = 0.002), anxiety (M = 21.33, p = 0.002), and stress (M = 27.00, p = 0.005). Younger participants aged 18-20 had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.925 for depression, indicating they were approximately five times more likely to experience depression. Conclusions This study reveals gender, age, and academic-year variations in depression, anxiety, and stress among UAE university students. Specifically, our findings indicate higher levels of anxiety and stress among females and reveal academic-year and age-related patterns in mental health conditions. University support services in the UAE should better address student needs, including counseling focused on high school to university transition challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer O Alalalmeh
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar E Hegazi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nageeb Hassan
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghala Rashid Humaid Alnuaimi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raghd F Alaila
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar Jairoun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11500, Malaysia
- Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai 67, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yomna Tariq Hamdi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mina Thamer Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roaa Mohammed Abdullah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samer H Zyoud
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Carvalho Silva R, Vezzoli M, Menesello V, Meattini M, Sartori R, Minelli A. Everything changes but nothing changes: gender stereotypes in the Italian population. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024:10.1007/s00737-024-01437-1. [PMID: 38319355 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-024-01437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gender stereotypes refer to consensual or cultural shared beliefs about the attributes of men and women, influencing society behaviors, interpersonal relationships, education, and workplace. The literature has shown the existence of gender stereotypes on career choices, internalization of roles, and school and social experiences and demonstrates the impact of demographic factors on stereotypes. However, all the studies conducted in Italy available in scientific literature analyzed small sample sizes within specific schools of university settings, with a limited age range. METHODS To assess the current state of gender stereotypes in Italy, we conducted an online survey from October 2022 to January 2023 on the general population residing in Italy. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic factors and questions about gender stereotypes, investigating six fields: games, jobs, personality traits, home and family activities, sports, and moral judgments. RESULTS The study involved 1854 participants, mostly women (70.1%) with an undergraduate or postgraduate degree (57.5%). The statistical and descriptive analyses revealed that gender stereotypes influenced respondents' beliefs, with statistically significant effects observed in most questions when stratifying by age, gender, and degree. Principal component analysis was performed to assess latent variables in different fields, revealing significant main stereotypes in each category. No statistically significant differences between men and women were found for the fields home and family activities, games, and moral judgments, confirming that stereotypes affect both men and women in the same way. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the persistence of gender stereotypes in any fields investigated, although our cohort is predominantly composed of high educational level women living in the North of Italy. This demonstrates that the long-standing gender stereotypes are prevalent, pernicious, and, unfortunately, internalized at times even by successful women pushbacking and sabotaging them unconsciously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Carvalho Silva
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marika Vezzoli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Menesello
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Meattini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sartori
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
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Gümüşsoy S, Keskin G, Öztürk R. Evaluation of the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental status of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2024; 78:591-600. [PMID: 38457167 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the physical, mental, and social well-being of humans worldwide. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and mental state of female employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 726 participants. Data was collected using the Personal Information Form, fear of COVID-19 scale, and brief symptom inventory. RESULTS The fear experienced by women during the social isolation and quarantine period was associated with depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, phobic anxiety and paranoid experiences. CONCLUSION Women, young people, the elderly and single individuals were most likely affected psychologically during the pandemic. Thus, interventions and psychological evaluations are recommended at an early stage to minimize this effect. Such interventions must be implemented considering the strategic planning and coordination of risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Gümüşsoy
- Atatürk Health Care Vocational School, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gülseren Keskin
- Atatürk Health Care Vocational School, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ruşen Öztürk
- Department of Women's Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Guimarães GO, D'Angelo F, Brouillette K, Souza LDM, da Silva RA, Mondin TC, Pedrotti Moreira F, Kapczinski F, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Jansen K. Incidence and risk factors for anxiety disorders in young adults: A population-based prospective cohort study. L'ENCEPHALE 2023; 49:572-576. [PMID: 36253174 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders in the general population. Our objective was to describe the cumulative incidence and risk factors of anxiety disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in a follow-up of young adults over a five-year period. This is a prospective cohort conducted in two waves. The first took place from 2007 to 2009, in which 1,560 young adults aged between 18 and 24 years were evaluated using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Subjects were invited to participate in the second wave, which wave took place from 2012 to 2014, where 1,244 young adults were evaluated using the MINI-Plus. Our findings showed a cumulative incidence of 10.9% for any anxiety disorder, 6.5% for generalized anxiety disorder, 6.0% for agoraphobia, 2.0% for OCD, 1.6% for panic disorder, 1.1% for social anxiety and 0.7% for PTSD. Being female and having had a depressive episode were risk factors to develop any anxiety disorder. We observed a high cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders in a population-based sample of young adults. Our data highlights the importance of the early identification of these disorders as this could lead to early illness detection, early illness management and a reduced burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G O Guimarães
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F D'Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - K Brouillette
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Interdisciplinary Science, Life Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L D M Souza
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R A da Silva
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T C Mondin
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Estudantis (PRAE), Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F Pedrotti Moreira
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T de Azevedo Cardoso
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; School of Interdisciplinary Science, Life Sciences Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K Jansen
- Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas - Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373, Sala 424C, 96015-560 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Putra IGNE, Pradnyani PE, Putra GW, Astiti NLEP, Derayanti NW, Artini NNA, Astuti PAS, Dendup T, Ratan ZA. Gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents: Findings from the 2015 Global School-based Student Health Survey. J Biosoc Sci 2023; 55:1101-1118. [PMID: 36320184 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Student Health Survey. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the influences of main independent variables - social environmental factors (i.e., peer support, having close friends, bullying victimisation, physical fight, physical attack, parental supervision, connectedness, bonding), demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours on the measures of psychological distress (loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and a combination of both measures as psychological distress). RESULTS The prevalence of psychological distress measured as loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and combined psychological distress was 6.12%, 4.52%, and 8.04%, respectively. Findings from multivariate analyses indicated that bullying victimisation, physical attack, experience of hunger (a proxy of socioeconomic status), and sedentary behaviour were associated with all measures of psychological distress. Meanwhile, age, gender, drug use, parental connectedness and bonding, and having no close friends were correlates of one or two measures of psychological distress. Based on gender-stratified analyses, experience of hunger, sedentary behaviour, bullying victimisation, and having no close friends were consistently associated with measures of psychological distress among both girls and boys. In addition, the influence of some social environmental factors, such as parental connectedness, peer support, and physical attack, were more salient among girls. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social environmental factors, demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours were associated with psychological distress, and the associations appeared to differ by gender. Interventions that include improving positive social environmental factors (e.g., reducing interpersonal violence, encouraging positive relationships with parents and peers) and promoting healthy behaviours (e.g., less sedentary behaviour, preventing substance use) might help reduce the risk of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Putu Erma Pradnyani
- Health Polytechnic Kartini Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Gede Wirabuana Putra
- Health Polytechnic Kartini Bali, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Mandala Data, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Zubair Ahmed Ratan
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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12
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Ortahisar BK, Uslu Y. Intra-hospital transfer anxiety of patients in the neurosurgery intensive care unit: A prospective cohort study. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2023; 78:103464. [PMID: 37354694 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transferring a patient from the intensive care unit to different locations within the hospital can cause transfer anxiety. Transfer anxiety is an important factor that adversely affects various physiological and psychological parameters. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the intra-hospital transfer anxiety of patients in a neurosurgery intensive care unit and factors affecting it. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2021 and June 2022 in a neurosurgery intensive care unit in Istanbul. A total of 171 adult patients who stayed in the intensive care unit for at least 24 h, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 and above and who had undergone their first intra-hospital transfer were included. Patients' vital signs were recorded, and their anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 53.16 ± 15.51 years and 56.72% were women, 75.43% of transfers were performed during the day and 64.32% of patients were transferred to an in-patient ward. Factors affecting transfer anxiety were gender, employment status, timing, and purpose of transfer (p < 0.05). Blood pressures and heart rates tended to increase during transfer and decrease again after transfer, while oxygen saturation decreased during transfer (p = 0.035) and increased again after transfer (p < 0.001). State anxiety levels were moderate before transfer and decreased to mild level after transfer (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The transfer process increased anxiety and caused changes in the vital signs of intensive care patients. Individual and transfer-related factors may influence transfer anxiety. Patients should be monitored for transfer anxiety and nursing interventions to reduce anxiety should be planned. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE The patients' demographics and transfer details can influence transfer anxiety. Transfer anxiety can affect both subjective parameters and objective measures such as vital signs. Patients at risk of transfer anxiety should be identified before transfers so that nursing interventions to reduce anxiety can therefore be planned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasemin Uslu
- Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul 34452, Turkey.
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13
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Pestana JE, Kershaw KA, Graham BM. The impact of the ovarian cycle on anxiety, allopregnanolone, and corticotropin releasing hormone changes after motherhood in female rats and women. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:183. [PMID: 37253788 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in ovarian steroids across the estrous and menstrual cycle in female rats and women, respectively, are associated with changes in anxiety. Pregnancy causes long-term changes to ovarian hormone release, yet research on estrous- and menstrual-related changes in anxiety has focused on reproductively inexperienced females. Therefore, this study assessed whether the impact of estrous and menstrual cycles on anxiety differs pre- versus post-motherhood in female rats (n = 32) and a community sample of women (n = 63). Estrous cycle phase altered anxiety-like behavior in virgin rats, but had no effect in age-matched mother rats tested 1-month post-weaning. In humans, menstrual cycle phase was associated with ecological momentary assessed anxiety and mood in non-mothers, but not mothers; although, the menstrual cycle × reproductive status interaction for anxiety, but not mood, was rendered non-significant with age and cycle length as covariates. These findings suggest that changes in anxiety coincident with cycling hormones is an evolutionarily conserved feature of the estrous and menstrual cycle in rats and women, which is mitigated following motherhood in both species. We identified several potential mechanisms for the observed dissociation in estrous cycle effects on anxiety. Compared to virgin rats, mother rats had a lower peak and blunted decline in circulating allopregnanolone during proestrus, upregulated GABAA receptor subunit (α1, α2, α5, α4, ß2) mRNA in the ventral hippocampus, and altered corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA across the estrous cycle in the basolateral amygdala. Together, these findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying anxiety regulation undergo fundamental transformation following pregnancy in female rats and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie E Pestana
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Kelly A Kershaw
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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14
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El Zahran T, Al Hassan S, Khalifeh M, Aboukhater D, Hammoud L, Al Hariri M, Kazzi Z. Melitracen and flupentixol (deanxit) use disorder in Lebanon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15847. [PMID: 37215807 PMCID: PMC10195893 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deanxit is a combination of melitracen and flupentixol, not approved as an antidepressant for sale and use in several countries but still widely available and commonly used among the Lebanese population. The study aimed to assess Deanxit use disorder, assess the source of the medication, and the consumers' awareness of the therapeutic and side effects of Deanxit, among the Lebanese population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that included all patients taking Deanxit and visited the Emergency Department between October 2019 and October 2020. All patients who agreed to participate in the research through written consent forms were contacted by telephone and a questionnaire was filled out. Results A total of 125 patients taking Deanxit were included in the study. According to the DSM-V criteria, 36% (n = 45) had a Deanxit use disorder. Most of the participants were females (n = 99, 79.2%), married (n = 90, 72%), and between the ages of 40-65 years (n = 71, 56.8%). Most patients (n = 41, 91%) had Deanxit prescribed by a physician for anxiety (n = 28, 62%), and obtained it using a prescription (n = 41, 91%). Almost half of all patients (n = 60, 48%) did not have sufficient knowledge of the reason it was prescribed, 54.4% (n = 68) were not sure they are taking the medication appropriately, and 19.2% (n = 23) were satisfied by the overall explanation of the physicians concerning Deanxit use. Conclusion Deanxit use disorder is underrecognized among Lebanese patients. Most of our patients were prescribed Deanxit by their physicians but reported inadequate knowledge of its side effects and risk of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwat El Zahran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Al Hassan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak Khalifeh
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, NY, USA
| | - Diana Aboukhater
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Hammoud
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moustafa Al Hariri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Kazzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Kashimura M, Ishizu K, Kokubo N, Segal DL. Assessing late-life anxiety in Japanese older adults: psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale. Psychogeriatrics 2023. [PMID: 37095633 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study developed a Japanese version of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-J) and its short form (GAS-10-J) to evaluate anxiety in Japanese older adults and assess its psychometric properties using a cross-sectional design. METHODS A total of 331 community-dwelling older adult participants (208 men, 116 women, seven unknowns; mean age = 73.47 ± 5.17 years, range = 60-88 years) recruited from two Silver Human Resources Centres in the Kanto region, Japan, answered a set of self-report questionnaires. Of these respondents, 120 participated in a follow-up survey to evaluate test-retest reliability. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that, as with the original GAS, the GAS-J had a three-factor structure and the GAS-10-J had a unifactor structure with high standardised factor loadings. Test-retest correlations and internal consistency analyses indicated that these scales were reliable. Correlations between the GAS-J/GAS-10-J with the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, and Kihon Checklist were mostly consistent with our hypotheses, thereby supporting the construct validity of the GAS-J/GAS-10-J. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the GAS-J and GAS-10-J have robust psychometric properties for assessing late-life anxiety in Japanese older adults. Further GAS-J studies are required for clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kashimura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Tokiwa University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ishizu
- Graduate School of Teacher Training Development, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naomi Kokubo
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daniel L Segal
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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16
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Mróz M, Gross JJ, Brytek-Matera A. Trait Anxiety and Unhealthy Eating in Adult Women: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Instability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:296. [PMID: 36612619 PMCID: PMC9819590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of affective states on unhealthy eating. Heightened impulsivity has also been recognized as a risk factor for unhealthy eating. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between trait anxiety and unhealthy eating and to test whether cognitive instability (trait impulsivity component) might mediate this relationship among adult women. METHOD The sample was composed of 225 women (Mage = 29.70 ± 9.23; MBodyMass Index = 23.39 ± 4.43). The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were used. We first conducted a principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the FFQ data, finding four principal components. For our primary analyses, we focused on unhealthy eating. We then conducted a mediation analysis to examine whether trait anxiety was associated with unhealthy eating and, if so, whether cognitive impulsivity mediated this relationship. RESULTS Trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, and cognitive instability was positively associated with unhealthy eating. Trait anxiety was also positively associated with unhealthy eating, but only when controlling for cognitive instability. Consistent with our proposed mediation model, trait anxiety was positively associated with cognitive instability, which in turn predicted unhealthy eating among adult women. CONCLUSION Adult women who reported higher levels of trait anxiety experienced higher levels of cognitive instability and engaged in poor dietary behaviors. Identifying the factors related to unhealthy eating represents a crucial step toward findings ways of reducing their impact on food intake and replacing them with more productive ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mróz
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Katowice Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
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17
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Effect of gender difference on psychiatric outcomes for hepatitis C virus patients receiving direct-acting antivirals in Egyptian population: a cohort study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic liver disease is primarily caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV produces extrahepatic psychiatric problems. So, patients with CHC who received sofosbuvir-based direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) were evaluated for psychiatric manifestations, specifically depression and anxiety symptoms. Additionally, evaluate the impact of gender on psychiatric manifestations of sofosbuvir-based DAAs and identify their potential risk factors for psychiatric manifestations. In this prospective study, 170 CHC patients without prior treatment received DAA therapy who categorized into 2 groups, group 1 comprised male participants (Nb = 97), and group two comprised female participants (Nb = 73). All participants were evaluated with the five-factor model of personality (SIFFM), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDS), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAS) at baseline and repeated follow up until 3 months after treatment end.
Results
Our findings indicated that, a progressive decline in the mean HADS-A and HADS-D scores between baseline (before treatment) and consequence follow-up (during and after treatment) measurements without significant difference regarding gender. No statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the mean values of SIFFM. High levels of extraversion were more likely to increase depression levels.
Conclusions
DAA treatment significantly improved anxiety and depression symptoms in CHC patients. Gender did not affect sofosbuvir-based DAA psychiatric symptoms. High extraversion increased depression risk.
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18
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Vider J, Peart JN, Stapelberg NJC. Sex-specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:2004-2027. [PMID: 36059192 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex-specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti-inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress-related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex-specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J Helman
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jelena Vider
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia.,Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Farhane-Medina NZ, Luque B, Tabernero C, Castillo-Mayén R. Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221135469. [PMID: 36373774 PMCID: PMC10450496 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221135469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety disorders are significantly different between women and men, with research showing a greater impact on women. The aim of this review was to identify the psychosocial and biological factors that have been considered to explain this gender and sex difference in prevalence and determine whether these factors are related to any anxiety comorbidity differences between men and women. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a systematic review of studies published between 2008 and 2021 in PsycINFO and PubMed databases. Empirical and review studies evaluating psychosocial and biological factors that could influence the difference in prevalence and comorbidity between men and women were included. A qualitative narrative synthesis was performed to describe the results. Results: From 1012 studies, 44 studies were included. Retrieved articles were categorized depending on their object of study: psychosocial factors (n = 21), biological factors (n = 16), or comorbidity (n = 7). Results showed that differences in anxiety between women and men have been analyzed by psychosocial and biological factors but rarely together. Among the psychosocial factors analyzed, masculinity may be a protective factor for anxiety development, while femininity can be a risk factor. In the studies that took biological factors into account, the potential influence of brain structures, genetic factors, and fluctuations in sexual hormones are pointed out as causes of greater anxiety in women. Concerning comorbidity, the results noted that women tend to develop other internalizing disorders (e.g. depression), while men tend to develop externalizing disorders (e.g. substance abuse). Conclusions: For an accurate understanding of differences between women and men in anxiety, both biological and psychosocial factors should be considered. This review highlights the need to apply the biopsychosocial model of health and the gender perspective to address differences in anxiety between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Z. Farhane-Medina
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Bárbara Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Tabernero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCYL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rosario Castillo-Mayén
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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20
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Pisu MG, Concas L, Siddi C, Serra M, Porcu P. The Allopregnanolone Response to Acute Stress in Females: Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091262. [PMID: 36139100 PMCID: PMC9496329 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone ((3α,5α)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one or 3α,5α-THP) plays a key role in the response to stress, by normalizing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function to restore homeostasis. Most studies have been conducted on male rats, and little is known about the allopregnanolone response to stress in females, despite that women are more susceptible than men to develop emotional and stress-related disorders. Here, we provide an overview of animal and human studies examining the allopregnanolone responses to acute stress in females in the context of stress-related neuropsychiatric diseases and under the different conditions that characterize the female lifespan associated with the reproductive function. The blunted allopregnanolone response to acute stress, often observed in female rats and women, may represent one of the mechanisms that contribute to the increased vulnerability to stress and affective disorders in women under the different hormonal fluctuations that occur throughout their lifespan. These studies highlight the importance of targeting neuroactive steroids as a therapeutic approach for stress-related disorders in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giuseppina Pisu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Concas
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlotta Siddi
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Serra
- Department of Life and Environment Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Anthropology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Mei D, Deng Y, Li Q, Lin Z, Jiang H, Zhang J, Ming W, Zhang H, Sun X, Yan G, Wu Y. Current Status and Influencing Factors of Eating Behavior in Residents at the Age of 18~60: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132585. [PMID: 35807764 PMCID: PMC9268282 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As eating behavior is important to health, this cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the factors influencing the eating behavior related to overweight and obesity of Chinese residents aged 18~60 based on the Ecological Model of Health Behavior. The short-form of the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS-SF) was applied to evaluate eating behavior. The multivariable linear stepwise regression analysis was used to identify and analyze the influence factors, and the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis to validate the predictive capability of the EBS-SF score in differentiating overweight and obesity. A total of 8623 participants were enrolled. In the personal characteristics, male (β = −0.03), older [36–45 years (β = −0.06) or 46–60 years (β = −0.07)], higher scores of Agreeableness (β = −0.04), Conscientiousness (β = −0.14) or Openness (β = −0.03) contributed to healthy eating behavior. In the individual behaviors, those who smoked (β = 0.04), drank alcohol (β = 0.05), exercised frequently (β = 0.07), had higher PHQ-9 scores (β = 0.29) may have improper eating habits. As for the interpersonal networks, the residents who were married (β = −0.04) behaved well when eating, while those who had offspring or siblings tended to have unhealthy eating behavior. At the community level, living in Western China (β = −0.03), having a monthly household income of 6001–9000 yuan per capita (β = −0.04), having no debt (β = −0.02), being retired (β = −0.03), or having lower PSSS scores (β = −0.03) led to lower EBS-SF scores. And the EBS-SF score demonstrated a moderate-high accuracy in predicting overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Mei
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Yuqian Deng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China;
| | - Qiyu Li
- School of Humanities and Health Management, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China;
| | - Zhi Lin
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Huiwen Jiang
- Department of Public Administration, School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
| | - Waikit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Guanyun Yan
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China;
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-13936561788 (G.Y.); +86-18810169630 (Y.W.)
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-13936561788 (G.Y.); +86-18810169630 (Y.W.)
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22
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REZAEIFARD A, MAZRAEH N, KHODARAHIMI S, GISKI MM, RASTI A. The Effect of Group-Based Emotional Schema Therapy on Anxiety Sensitivity and Anxiety Severity in Outpatient Females with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2022. [DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2022.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
"Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of Group-Based Emotional Schema Therapy (GBEST) on anxiety sensitivity and anxiety severity decrease in females with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods: This was a double-blind randomized experimental study that was carried out with three pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages within an experimental group and the control group. The participants were 50 outpatient females with GAD that they recruited by a random sampling method in each group. The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) were used in this study. The experimental group was imposed on the GBEST in 10 sessions which were held weekly for 90 minutes; finally, the post-test was applied to both experimental and control groups and three months later, they were followed up. Results: Findings showed that the experimental group had a significant decrease in anxiety sensitivity and anxiety severity compared with the control group during the post-test and the follow-up stages. Conclusions: The GBEST is recommended for the treatment of anxiety sensitivity and anxiety severity in females with GAD."
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Evrard MR, Li M, Shen H, Smith SS. Preventing adolescent synaptic pruning in mouse prelimbic cortex via local knockdown of α4βδ GABA A receptors increases anxiety response in adulthood. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21059. [PMID: 34702942 PMCID: PMC8548505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is increasingly reported, especially in adolescent females. The etiology is largely unknown, which limits effective treatment. Layer 5 prelimbic cortex (L5PL) increases anxiety responses but undergoes adolescent synaptic pruning, raising the question of the impact of pruning on anxiety. Here we show that preventing L5PL pruning increases anxiety in response to an aversive event in adolescent and adult female mice. Spine density of Golgi-stained neurons decreased ~ 63% from puberty (~ PND35, vaginal opening) to post-puberty (PND56, P < 0.0001). Expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) transiently increased tenfold in L5PL at puberty (P < 0.00001), but decreased post-pubertally. Both global and local knockdown of these receptors during puberty prevented pruning, increasing spine density post-pubertally (P < 0.0001), an effect reversed by blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Pubertal expression of the NMDAR-dependent spine protein kalirin7 decreased (50%, P < 0.0001), an effect prevented by α4 knock-out, suggesting that α4βδ-induced reductions in kalirin7 underlie pruning. Increased spine density due to local α4 knockdown at puberty decreased open arm time on the elevated plus maze post-pubertally (62%, P < 0.0001) in response to an aversive stimulus, suggesting that increases in L5PL synapses increase anxiety responses. These findings suggest that prelimbic synaptic pruning is necessary to limit anxiety in adulthood and may suggest novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Evrard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,Graduate Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Michael Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,College of Arts and Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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Eizadi-Mood N, Dehghanzad S, Sabzghabaee AM, Farajzadegan Z. Metabolic Acidosis in Multi Drug Poisoning with Antidepressants and Antipsychotics. J Res Pharm Pract 2021; 10:65-70. [PMID: 34527610 PMCID: PMC8420936 DOI: 10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_20_106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this study, we evaluated the predictive factors for the occurrence of metabolic acidosis in patients with multi-drug poisoning, including antidepressants (Ad)/antipsychotics (Ap). Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the referral poisoning center, Khorshid University Hospital, affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. All patients with multi-drug ingestion, including Ad/Ap, were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups with and without metabolic acidosis. Demographic factors, time from ingestion to admission, clinical manifestations, length of hospital stay, and outcome were compared in two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of metabolic acidosis occurrence. Findings: Among the 206 evaluated patients, 45 patients (21.8%) had metabolic acidosis whom the majority were female (73.3%) with intentional purposes (77.8%). 31.1% of the patients with metabolic acidosis had tachycardia on admission (P = 0.03). Among all variables, time from ingestion to admission (P = 0.02) and lengths of hospital stay (P = 0.002) were significantly different between patients with and without metabolic acidosis. Tachycardia on admission (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–4.76; P = 0.036) and time from ingestion to admission (adjusted OR, 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.13; P = 0.04) were also the predictive factors in occurrence of metabolic acidosis. Most of the patients survived without any complications (94.6%), of whom 72.3% had no previous underlying somatic diseases (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Admission tachycardia and the time elapsed from ingestion to admission may be considered important factors for predicting metabolic acidosis in multi-drug poisoning, including Ad/Ap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Dehghanzad
- Medical Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Transtornos de Ansiedade em Idosos. PAJAR - PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/2357-9641.2021.1.40528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos: descrever a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade e avaliar o perfil e os fatores associados em uma amostra de idosos atendidos no ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica de um hospital de Porto Alegre, Brasil.Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal que avaliou 69 idosos com diagnóstico de transtornos de ansiedade, atendidos no ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica, no período de 2014 a 2019.Resultados: a prevalência de transtornos de ansiedade foi de 21,9% e a média de idade 73,4±8,7 anos. Houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino (81,2%), com 5 a 8 anos de estudo (33,8%), casados (47,7%) e residentes de Porto Alegre (65,2%). Em relação a variáveis clínicas, a maior frequência dos idosos não apresentaram histórico familiar de doença ou de internação psiquiátrica. Do total, 92,6% relataram ter alguma comorbidade clínica, sendo a mais frequente as doenças cardiovasculares (69,8%). Os principais psicofármacos utilizados foram os antidepressivos (66,7%) e os benzodiazepínicos (44,9%).Conclusões: os transtornos de ansiedade são frequentes entre os idosos. Dessa forma, são necessários mais estudos na população geriátrica e padronizações das ferramentas de avaliação.
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Padgaonkar NT, Phuong Uy J, DePasque S, Galván A, Peris TS. Neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth with and without anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:804-815. [PMID: 33793010 PMCID: PMC8922214 DOI: 10.1002/da.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth with anxiety disorders struggle with managing emotions relative to peers, but the neural basis of this difference has not been examined. METHODS Youth (Mage = 13.6; range = 8-17) with (n = 37) and without (n = 24) anxiety disorders completed a cognitive reappraisal task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Emotional reactivity and regulation, functional activation, and beta-series connectivity were compared across groups. RESULTS Groups did not differ on emotional reactivity or regulation. However, fronto-limbic activation after viewing aversive imagery with and without regulation, as well as affect ratings without regulation, were higher for anxious youth. Neither group demonstrated age-related changes in regulation, though anxious youth became less reactive with age. Stronger amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity related to greater anxiety in control youth, but less anxiety in anxious youth. CONCLUSION Anxious youth regulated when instructed, but regulation ability did not relate to age. Viewing aversive imagery related to heightened fronto-limbic activation even after reappraisal. Emotion dysregulation in youth anxiety disorders may stem from heightened emotionality and potent bottom-up neurobiological responses to aversive stimuli. Findings suggest the importance of treatments focused on both reducing initial emotional reactivity and bolstering regulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Tanya Padgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tara S. Peris
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Valentini Neto J, Fisberg RM, Ribeiro SML. Association between joint diseases and common mental disorders in women at ages related to menopause: Data from the São Paulo City Health Survey, SP, Brazil. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111436. [PMID: 34098011 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between joint diseases (JD) and common mental disorders (CMD) in women at ages related to menopause. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, population-based study (São Paulo City Health Survey, SP, Brazil). The sample was composed of 1191 women, 40 years and older. MAIN PARAMETERS INVESTIGATED Dependent variable (outcome): Presence of CMD, investigated by the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Presence of JD; other self-reported chronic conditions different from JD (OCC); age categories (40-45, 46-50, 51-55, 56-60, 61+ years old); Adjusting variables: years of formal education and ethnicity (skin color), used as proxies of socioeconomic status. The associations were investigated using simple and multiple logistic regression models. MAIN RESULTS The prevalence of CMD was 30.4%, and JD was 21.4%. Considering only the women presenting CMD, the prevalence of JD was 31.6%. The final regression model showed an independent association between JD and CMD (OR = 1.998; p < 0.001), age between 56 and 60 years (OR = 0.542; p = 0.018), and having three OCC (OR = 2.696; p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that JD in women of the ages related to menopause was significantly and independently associated with CMD. Interestingly, the 56 to 60 years' age interval showed a very particular feature, with opposite association's direction, which demands further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Maria Lima Ribeiro
- Public Health School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Adegboyega A, Dignan M, Sha S, Nkwonta C, Williams LB. Psychological factors among Appalachian women with abnormal Pap results. J Rural Health 2021; 38:382-390. [PMID: 33955052 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women who receive an abnormal Pap result may experience negative psychological factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the baseline occurrence of negative psychological factors and evaluate the relationships between psychological factors and demographic characteristics among Appalachian women who received abnormal Pap results. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from Appalachia Kentucky women (N = 521) ages ≥18 enrolled in an intervention. Data included sociodemographics, Beck depression and anxiety inventories, fatalism, and personal control measures. Multiple variable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between demographics and psychological factors. FINDINGS Participants were predominantly White (96.2%), with mean age 28.93 ± 11.03 years, and the majority (77%) had yearly income below $20,000. Depression was reported by 34.6% (n = 173); 10% (n = 50) experienced moderate or severe anxiety; 20.6% (n = 107) had fatalistic beliefs; and 55.1% (n = 289) believed they lacked personal control over cancer. Women with lower income had higher occurrence of depression (P = .003). Women with moderate to severe anxiety were significantly older than those with low to moderate depression (34.44 vs 28.34, P < .001). Controlling for other variables, as age increased, the odds of fatalistic beliefs increased, OR (95%) = 1.042 (1.022, 1.062). When education level increased, the odds of fatalistic beliefs decreased, OR (95%) = 0.873 (0.800, 0.952). CONCLUSIONS Given the high occurrence of depression, anxiety, and fatalistic beliefs among this population, health care providers should assess for underlying mental health diagnoses and psychological distress during each patient encounter and provide recommendations to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Dignan
- Prevention Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shuying Sha
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chigozie Nkwonta
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Alves JVDS, Paula WD, Netto PRR, Godman B, Nascimento RCRMD, Coura-Vital W. Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorders among university students of health sciences at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study between March to June 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, family and behavioral issues. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Estimates were obtained through the prevalence ratio and Poisson multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred and ninety-three students participated with a mean age of 23.1 and predominantly women (79.9%). All students had some degree of anxiety, with the frequency of the severe, moderate and mild forms being 28.0%, 29.8% and 27.0%, respectively. The factors associated with anxiety included having suffered psychological and/or physical violence in childhood, having suicidal thoughts, having a deceased parent, living with parents, being dissatisfied with the course and being in the exam period. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety was high in our study and family problems prior to entering university seem to significantly influence the degree of anxiety, which may compromise the student’s academic and social performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendel Coura-Vital
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil
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Dotlic J, Radovanovic S, Rancic B, Milosevic B, Nicevic S, Kurtagic I, Markovic N, Gazibara T. Mental health aspect of quality of life in the menopausal transition. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:40-49. [PMID: 32131666 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1734789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate factors associated with mental health quality of life (QOL), such as depressed mood, anxiety, poor memory and sleep, among midlife women according to the menopausal status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants were 500 women aged 40-65 years. Data were collected using socio-demographic questionnaire, Women's Health Questionnaire (domains of depressed mood-DEP, anxiety-ANX, memory-MEM and sleep-SLE) and Short Form-36 (Mental Composite Score) for assessment of health-related QOL. Factors associated with poorer DEP, ANX, MEM and SLE were examined using adjusted linear regression models. RESULTS In premenopausal women, lower household monthly income (p = .046) was associated with higher level of DEP; higher body mass index (p = .045) was associated with higher ANX; having gynecological illnesses (p = .017) and menopause-related symptoms (p = .039) were associated with poorer MEM; being married (p = .036), drinking alcohol (p = .036) and having more physical activity (p = .041) was associated with better SLE. In postmenopausal women, worse DEP was more likely among women residing in city outskirts (p = .009), who are not married (p = .038) and with sedentary occupations (p = .049); lower education level (p = .030) was associated with more ANX; lower education level (p = .045) and having menopause-related symptoms (p = .044) were associated with poorer MEM; not engaging in regular recreation (p = .031) was associated with better SLE. CONCLUSIONS To improve QOL, pre- and postmenopausal women should not only be supported in the management of menopause-specific symptoms. Women should also receive recommendations as to the behavioral and personal changes when approaching the midlife period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dotlic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Biljana Rancic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Milosevic
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Selmina Nicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ilma Kurtagic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Gazibara
- Institute for Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Carvalho MC, Genaro K, Leite-Panissi CRA, Lovick TA. Influence of estrous cycle stage on acquisition and expression of fear conditioning in female rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113372. [PMID: 33647267 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether all animal models of anxiety-like states developed using males are appropriate for use in females. In females, tests involving a learning component might be influenced not only by estrous cycle stage on the test day but also by the stage during the conditioning process. We used two tests - conditioned freezing (CF) and fear potentiated startle (FPS) to compare responsiveness of male rats and females conditioned and/or tested in proestrus (P) or late diestrus (LD). For CF all rats displayed a similar freezing response regardless of sex or estrous cycle stage. In terms of FPS, males and females conditioned in P and tested in P or LD, and females conditioned in LD and tested in LD all showed potentiated startle. The response waned during the test session in males and in females conditioned in P, but not in those conditioned in LD. In contrast, FPS was not apparent in the first half of the test session in females conditioned in LD and tested in P but developed in the second half. We suggest that fear learning during P and LD is robust but may be initially be obscured in rats tested in P because of generalization to the CS due to high estrogen. Estrous cycle stage is an important consideration which must be taken into account in designing behavioural tests in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene C Carvalho
- Depto Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Karina Genaro
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Anesthesiology and Postoperative Care, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christie R A Leite-Panissi
- Depto Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thelma A Lovick
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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Morrison KE, Cole AB, Kane PJ, Meadows VE, Thompson SM, Bale TL. Pubertal adversity alters chromatin dynamics and stress circuitry in the pregnant brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1263-1271. [PMID: 32045935 PMCID: PMC7297802 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Women who have experienced adverse childhood events (ACEs) around puberty are at the greatest risk for neuropsychiatric disorders across the lifespan. This population is exceptionally vulnerable to neuropsychiatric disease presentation during the hormonally dynamic state of pregnancy. We previously established that chronic adversity around puberty in female mice significantly altered their HPA axis function specifically during pregnancy, modeling the effects of pubertal ACEs we also reported in women. We hypothesized that the pregnancy hormone, allopregnanolone, was involved in presentation of the blunted stress response phenotype by its interaction with the molecular programming that had occurred during pubertal adversity experience. Here, in adult mice previously stressed during puberty, allopregnanolone administration was sufficient to reproduce the decreased corticosterone response after acute stress. Examination of neuronal activation and the electrophysiological properties of CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) found no significant changes in synaptic function that corresponded with the blunted HPA axis reactivity. However, at the chromatin level, utilization of ATAC-Seq profiling demonstrated a dramatic remodeling of DNA accessibility in the PVN following pubertal adversity. Altogether, these data establish a potential molecular mechanism whereby adversity during puberty can enact lasting transcriptional control that manifests only during a unique period of the lifespan where dynamic hormonal changes occur. These results highlight a biological process that may impart an increased risk for a highly vulnerable population, whereby pubertal programming of the PVN results in aberrant HPA axis responsiveness when exposed to the hormonal changes unique to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony B Cole
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria E Meadows
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Silote GP, de Oliveira SFS, Ribeiro DE, Machado MS, Andreatini R, Joca SRL, Beijamini V. Ketamine effects on anxiety and fear-related behaviors: Current literature evidence and new findings. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109878. [PMID: 31982463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, presents a rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in clinical and preclinical studies. Regarding ketamine effects on anxiety, there is a widespread discordance among pre-clinical studies. To address this issue, the present study reviewed the literature (electronic database MEDLINE) to summarize the profile of ketamine effects in animal tests of anxiety/fear. We found that ketamine anxiety/fear-related effects may depend on the anxiety paradigm, schedule of ketamine administration and tested species. Moreover, there was no report of ketamine effects in animal tests of fear related to panic disorder (PD). Based on that finding, we evaluated if treatment with ketamine and another NMDA antagonist, MK-801, would induce acute and sustained (24 hours later) anxiolytic and/or panicolytic-like effects in animals exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM evaluates, in the same animal, conflict-evoked and fear behaviors, which are related, respectively, to generalized anxiety disorder and PD. Male Wistar rats were systemically treated with racemic ketamine (10, 30 and 80 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and tested in the ETM in the same day or 24 hours after their administration. Ketamine did not affect the behavioral tasks performed in the ETM acutely or 24 h later. MK-801 impaired inhibitory avoidance in the ETM only at 45 min post-injection, suggesting a rapid but not sustained anxiolytic-like effect. Altogether our results suggest that ketamine might have mixed effects in anxiety tests while it does not affect panic-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P Silote
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit (TNU), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabrina F S de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Deidiane E Ribeiro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Machado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Roberto Andreatini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
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Meseguer Henarejos AB, Popović N, Bokonjić D, Morales-Delgado N, Alonso A, Caballero Bleda M, Popović M. Sex and Time-of-Day Impact on Anxiety and Passive Avoidance Memory Strategies in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:68. [PMID: 32523516 PMCID: PMC7261894 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, anxiety and cognitive processes are age, gender, and time of day dependent. The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the time of day and sex have an influence on anxiety and emotional memory in adult mice. Light-dark and passive avoidance (PA) tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the light cycle, defined as Zeitgeber time (ZT) ZT0–2.5 and ZT9.5–12, respectively. A baseline difference in anxiety was not found, but on the 24 h retention trial of the PA test, females presented longer latencies to enter into the dark compartment at the ZT0–2.5 time point of the day. The data from the second test day (PA reversal trial) indicated that some animals associated the dark compartment with an aversive stimulus (shock), while others associated the aversive stimulus with crossing from one compartment to another. At the ZT9.5–12, female mice mainly related the aversive stimulus to transferring from one compartment to another, while male mice associated darkness with the aversive stimulus. There was a negative correlation between the frequency of light-dark transitions in the light-dark test and the PA latency on the 24 h retention trial in males tested at ZT0–2.5. The PA latency on the reversal and 24 h retention trials negatively correlated with a risk assessment behavior in male mice tested on ZT0–2.5 and ZT9.5–12, respectively. In conclusion, our data reveal that the impact of motor activity and risk assessment behavior on PA memory formation and applied behavioral strategies are time of day and sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Dubravko Bokonjić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan Alacant, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Caballero Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Khambadkone SG, Cordner ZA, Tamashiro KLK. Maternal stressors and the developmental origins of neuropsychiatric risk. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100834. [PMID: 32084515 PMCID: PMC7243665 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maternal environment during pregnancy is critical for fetal development and perinatal perturbations can prime offspring disease risk. Here, we briefly review evidence linking two well-characterized maternal stressors - psychosocial stress and infection - to increased neuropsychiatric risk in offspring. In the current climate of increasing obesity and globalization of the Western-style diet, maternal overnutrition emerges as a pressing public health concern. We focus our attention on recent epidemiological and animal model evidence showing that, like psychosocial stress and infection, maternal overnutrition can also increase offspring neuropsychiatric risk. Using lessons learned from the psychosocial stress and infection literature, we discuss how altered maternal and placental physiology in the setting of overnutrition may contribute to abnormal fetal development and resulting neuropsychiatric outcomes. A better understanding of converging pathophysiological pathways shared between stressors may enable development of interventions against neuropsychiatric illnesses that may be beneficial across stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seva G Khambadkone
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kellie L K Tamashiro
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Cellular & Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Gender Differences between Multimorbidity and All-Cause Mortality among Older Adults. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2020; 2020:7816785. [PMID: 32148480 PMCID: PMC7049854 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7816785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study seeks to determine the prevalence of chronic diseases and analyze the association between multimorbidity and all-cause mortality by sex. Methods This is a 16-year longitudinal study of follow-up. We used sample data of the SABE (Health, Well-Being and Aging) study cohort and mortality data obtained through the Mortality Information Improvement Program of the City of São Paulo (PRO-AIM) from the 2000–2016 period. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Hypertension (HT) was the most prevalent disease in older adults (52.93%), followed by musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) (27.09%), cardiovascular diseases (CD) (17.79%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (16.95%), mental disorders (MD) (15.43%), and respiratory diseases (RD) (9.72%). The highest mortality rate in women was observed in the combination of HT/MSDs/DM/MD (HR = 6.15, 95% CI = 2.32, 16.32), while in men was in the combination of HT/CD/MSDs/DM (HR = 5.72, 95% CI = 1.72, 19.06). Conclusion Similar to previous studies carried out in developed countries, we found that all-cause mortality increased as diseases are added to an individual. Women and men presented different mortality patterns according to multimorbidity. Therefore, we suggest that additional longitudinal studies should be performed in order to analyze mortality by sex.
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Carcedo RJ, Fernández-Rouco N, Fernández-Fuertes AA, Martínez-Álvarez JL. Association between Sexual Satisfaction and Depression and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030841. [PMID: 32013118 PMCID: PMC7036876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of sexual satisfaction in adolescents and young adults’ mental health has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this work is to study differences in sexual satisfaction and mental health (anxiety and depression) based on romantic relationship status (having a partner vs. not having one) and gender. Likewise, the association between sexual satisfaction and mental health and the moderating effect of romantic relationship status and gender was addressed in this research. A total of 1682 Spanish adolescents (14–17) and young adults (18–29) agreed to participate in this cross-sectional investigation. Two-factor ANOVA and MANOVA, and hierarchical regression models were utilized in this study. In general, results showed more difficulties in sexual satisfaction and mental health for those not in a current relationship and for women. Additionally, higher levels of sexual satisfaction was associated with lower levels of anxiety for adolescents and lower levels of depression for young adults. These associations were stronger for those in a current relationship. This study highlights the importance of sexual satisfaction as a modifying factor against mental health problems, especially in the context of a current romantic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J. Carcedo
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (R.J.C.); (J.L.M.-Á.)
| | - Noelia Fernández-Rouco
- Department of Education, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-201-179
| | | | - José Luis Martínez-Álvarez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain; (R.J.C.); (J.L.M.-Á.)
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Briones-Aranda A, Castellanos-Pérez M, Villa VMV, Picazo O. Impact of Exposure to Environmental Enrichment on the Anxiety-Like Behavior of Ovariectomized Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 15:88-95. [PMID: 32377218 PMCID: PMC7193238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of short-term (2-week) exposure to social (SE) and/or physical enrichment (PE) on the anxiety-like behavior of ovariectomized (OVX) NIH Swiss mice. Method : One week after surgery, each OVX mouse was housed under one of 4 social conditions: (1) isolated, (2) accompanied by an intact female, (3) accompanied by an intact male, or (4) in a community of 10 OVX individuals. The animals in each of these environments were divided into 2 subgroups, consisting of the presence and absence of PE. Following a 2-week exposure to the respective conditions, each OVX mouse was subjected to either the light/dark exploration test (LDT) or the elevated plus maze (EPM) to examine anxiety-like behavior. Results: The LDT and EPM showed very similar patterns. Compared to an impoverished environment, PE elicited a significant anxiolytic effect for OVX mice housed alone or in companion of an intact female (F [1, 54] = 16.11, P = 0.001). By contrast, mice living in community but without PE displayed anxiogenic-like behavior, perhaps due to crowding, compared to the animals living in isolation (F [1, 36] = 5.64, P = 0.023). Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of taking housing conditions into account during the screening of new anxiolytic agents and the critical role of OVX in the regulation of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.,Corresponding Author: Address: Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. Decima Sur Esquina Calle Central Sin Número, Colonia Centro, Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas México, CP: 29050. Tel: 52-9616122292,
| | - Manuela Castellanos-Pérez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Victor Manuel Vega- Villa
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
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Park HJ, Shim HS, Shim I. The Differential Role of Cytokines on Stress Responses in a Menopause Rat Model. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:577561. [PMID: 33329117 PMCID: PMC7710853 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor of anxiety and depression. Also, psychoneurological symptoms are shown in almost all women in the perimenopausal period. The present study investigated if repeated stress modulates behavioral changes or the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Albino SD female rats were randomly divided into four groups: the naïve normal group (NOR), a surgically ovariectomized group (OVX), the only stressed group (ST), and the OVX and stressed groups (OVX + ST). We performed a battery of tests such as the forced swimming test (FST), the sucrose intake, and social exploration. In the same animals, corticosterone (CORT) was assessed in the serum, and also, two representative cytokines (IL-1β and IL-4) were examined in different brain regions after all the behavior sessions for all the experimental groups. The OVX + ST group showed more immobility time in FST than the OVX group or the ST group. Also, the OVX + ST group tended to have a decreased active social exploration and sucrose solution intake compared to the OVX group or ST group. The serum concentration of CORT of the OVX + ST group was higher than the OVX group or ST group and also the level of CORT in OVX + ST was markedly increased compared to the NOR group. In the brain, the number of IL-1β immunoreactive neurons of the OVX + ST group was increased compared to the NOR group. The OVX + ST group tended to have an increase in IL-1β-positive neurons compared to the OVX or ST group. However, the number of IL-4 immunoreactive neurons of the OVX + ST group was markedly decreased compared with the NOR group. Also, the IL-4-positive neurons in the OVX + ST group was significantly decreased when compared to the ST group. These results indicate that ovariectomy and stress combine to increase the depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammatory responses. Together, these data show neuroinflammation as a potential contributor to depressive-like symptoms during menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Ravi M, Stevens JS, Michopoulos V. Neuroendocrine pathways underlying risk and resilience to PTSD in women. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100790. [PMID: 31542288 PMCID: PMC6876844 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Women are twice as likely than men to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While women have increased exposure to traumatic events of many types and have greater prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders compared to men, these differences do not account for the overall sex difference in the prevalence of PTSD. The current review summarizes significant findings that implicate the role of estradiol, progesterone, and allopregnanolone in female risk for PTSD symptoms and dysregulation of fear psychophysiology that is cardinal to PTSD. We also discuss how these steroid hormones influence the stress axis and neural substrates critical for the regulation of fear responses. Understanding the role of ovarian steroid hormones in risk and resilience for trauma-related adverse mental health outcomes across the lifespan in women has important translational, clinical, and intergenerational implications for mitigating the consequences of trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Ravi
- Emory University Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Aoun C, Nassar L, Soumi S, El Osta N, Papazian T, Rabbaa Khabbaz L. The Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Aspects of Eating Habits and Association With Impulsivity, Chronotype, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:204. [PMID: 31555108 PMCID: PMC6742717 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Understanding behavioral issues associated with eating would provide important insight into obesity development and possibly procure ways to prevent its occurrence or to treat it. This study's objectives were to examine links between cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of eating habits and chronotype, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression among university students. Subjects and methods: The following questionnaires were used: TFEQ-R 18, UPPS-short, HADS, and MEQ. All participants gave their informed written consent prior to enrolment. Results: Among females, increased BMI was associated to uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, while in males, BMI was associated to emotional eating only. In males, no associations of BMI with impulsivity were found while in females they were present. Chronotype scores were positively correlated to cognitive restraint and negatively to uncontrolled eating among males. No associations were found for females. CR was lower among females with higher depression scores, while higher anxiety scores were associated to UE among males. Conclusions: This was a cross-sectional study of three cognitive and emotional domains related to eating habits among university students (young adults). Results showed significant correlations between BMI, TFEQ-R18 scores, impulsivity and anxiety or depression. Future studies should replicate findings in samples of individuals with different aspects of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, food addiction or bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Aoun
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lynn Nassar
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Soumi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Papazian
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Hellwig S, Domschke K. Anxiety in Late Life: An Update on Pathomechanisms. Gerontology 2019; 65:465-473. [DOI: 10.1159/000500306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Putra IGNE, Karin PAES, Ariastuti NLP. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among Indonesian adolescent students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2019-0035/ijamh-2019-0035.xml. [PMID: 31152636 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among young people is growing as a public health threat worldwide. With a paucity of studies on this issue in Indonesia, this study aimed to identify factors associated with suicidal behaviors (suicidal ideation and suicide attempt) among Indonesian adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data analysis from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) of Indonesia in 2015. The samples were 8634 school-going adolescents aged 13-18 years old. The data analysis consisted of univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The chi-square (χ2) test was employed to identify proportion differences of suicidal behaviors by independent variables whereas multiple logistic regression was used to develop models for factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. This study found that 4.75% and 2.46% reported for having suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in the last 12 months, respectively. The effects of intrapersonal factors (sex, age, loneliness, anxiety, current use of tobacco and alcohol) and interpersonal factors (physically attacked, bullying victimization, having no close friends, parental understanding and having sexual intercourse) varied by suicidal behavior and sex. Therefore, developing comprehensive approaches for prevention of mental health problems, including suicidal behaviors in the school setting is essential by asking for a collaboration of schools, parents, public health centers (PHCs), related stakeholders and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
- Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | | | - Ni Luh Putu Ariastuti
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Unsworth DJ, Mathias JL, Dorstyn DS. Preliminary Screening Recommendations for Patients at Risk of Depression and/or Anxiety more than 1 year Poststroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1519-1528. [PMID: 30928216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
GOAL Depression and anxiety are important complications of stroke but are underdiagnosed in community settings. The current study identified which patients were at increased risk of developing either disorder more than1 year poststroke to assist in targeted screening. METHODS Crosssectional survey of 147 adults who had a stroke more than 1 year ago were recruited from stroke advocacy/support groups and an outpatient register. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and reported whether they had emotional problems as a stroke inpatient (single item: yes/no). Standardized self-report measures evaluated medical (physical independence, health-related quality of life), cognitive (memory, executive functioning), and psychological (social support) variables. Demographic and stroke-related (stroke type, year) information were also recorded. FINDINGS Between 53% and 80% of respondents (n = 117) screened positive for depressed mood and/or anxiety (HADS subscale cut-offs: ≥8 or ≥4). Logistic regression analyses indicated that stroke survivors who reported having emotional problems as inpatients (odds ratio [OR]: 0.23), were female (OR: 3.42), and had poor health-related quality of life (OR: 0.45-0.53) and cognitive problems (OR: 0.68-0.74), were more likely to screen positive for either disorder. Models based on these variables predicted screening outcomes with 91% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Community-based stroke survivors who reported experiencing emotional problems as inpatients, were female, or had poor health-related quality of life (chronic pain, disturbed sleep, communication difficulties) and/or cognitive issues were at greater risk of being depressed/anxious. Targeted screening of these patients may help to identify those who are most in need of more comprehensive clinical assessments and evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Unsworth
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jane L Mathias
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Diana S Dorstyn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Hantsoo L, Golden CEM, Kornfield S, Grillon C, Epperson CN. Startling Differences: Using the Acoustic Startle Response to Study Sex Differences and Neurosteroids in Affective Disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20:40. [PMID: 29777410 PMCID: PMC6050032 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-018-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuroactive steroid hormones, such as estradiol and progesterone, likely play a role in the pathophysiology of female-specific psychiatric disorders such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and postpartum depression and may contribute to the marked sex differences observed in the incidence and presentation of affective disorders. However, few tools are available to study the precise contributions of these neuroactive steroids (NSs). In this review, we propose that the acoustic startle response (ASR), an objective measure of an organism's response to an emotional context or stressor, is sensitive to NSs. As such, the ASR represents a unique translational tool that may help to elucidate the contribution of NSs to sex differences in psychiatric disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Findings suggest that anxiety-potentiated startle (APS) and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) are the most robust ASR paradigms for assessing contribution of NSs to affective disorders, while affective startle response modulation (ASRM) appears less diagnostic of sex or menstrual cycle (MC) effects. However, few studies have appropriately used ASR to test a priori hypotheses about sex or MC differences. We recommend that ASR studies account for sex as a biological variable (SABV) and hormonal status to further knowledge of NS contribution to affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Hantsoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Carla E M Golden
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Kornfield
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christian Grillon
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Neill Epperson
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn PROMOTES Research on Sex and Gender in Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Goddard AW. Morbid Anxiety: Identification and Treatment. FOCUS: JOURNAL OF LIFE LONG LEARNING IN PSYCHIATRY 2017; 15:136-143. [PMID: 31975846 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to their prevalence, chronicity, and poorly understood pathophysiology, anxiety disorders remain an important public health problem. Despite clear diagnostic guidelines and the availability of excellent evidence-based treatments, most anxiety patients remain underrecognized and inadequately treated. This clinical synthesis highlights changes to anxiety disorder diagnosis that became effective with DSM-5. The article also provides some clinical perspective on clarifying differential diagnostic problems and building an alliance with the anxious patient. The quality and strength of the evidence base for current anxiolytic medications options (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, and other agents), antianxiety psychotherapies (cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief dynamic therapies), and combination treatments are discussed. A brief update on newer treatment strategies, such as cognitive enhancement, complementary therapies, and neuromodulation, is included. Future directions for anxiety nosology and treatment are summarized, including the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative and the promising role of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Goddard
- Dr. Goddard is professor of psychiatry with the University of California, San Francisco, Fresno Medical Education and Research Program, Fresno
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Goddard AW. Anxiety Across the Lifespan. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2017; 15:135. [PMID: 31975845 PMCID: PMC6526968 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20170006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Goddard
- Dr. Goddard is professor of Psychiatry with the University of California, San Francisco
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