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Yilmaz M, Yay E, Atalay N, Balci N, Kurgan Ş, Toygar H, Serdar MA. Do arginine metabolites have a role in periodontitis due to smoking? A new perspective. Oral Dis 2024; 30:743-753. [PMID: 36401797 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cigarette consumption is common around the world and besides its negative effects on health, and its effects on periodontitis draw attention. Arginine metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic inflammatory diseases' including cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine periodontitis and healthy individuals' arginine metabolites and IL-6 levels in saliva and serum and to evaluate those according to smoking status. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of four groups: healthy individuals (control [C]; n = 20), smokers with healthy periodontium (S-C; n = 20), nonsmokers with Stage-III Grade-B generalized periodontitis (P; n = 20) and smokers with Stage-III Grade-C generalized periodontitis (S-P; n = 18). Periodontal parameters were measured. Analysis of methylated arginine metabolites was performed by LC-MS/MS, and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA kits. RESULTS In nonsmokers, salivary concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) were higher in the periodontitis than control (p < 0.001, p = 0.010). Smokers with periodontitis exhibited higher ADMA (p = 0.033, p < 0.001) and arginine (p = 0.030, p = 0.001) saliva concentrations than smoking and nonsmoking controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that salivary concentrations of ADMA and SDMA were associated with periodontitis. Smoking increased ADMA, SDMA and NG -monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) levels in serum only in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekin Yay
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Atalay
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şivge Kurgan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin A Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Acıbadem University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Stumpf F, Wunderle C, Ritz J, Bernasconi L, Neyer P, Tribolet P, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Bischoff SC, Schuetz P. Prognostic implications of the arginine metabolism in patients at nutritional risk: A secondary analysis of the randomized EFFORT trial. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:660-673. [PMID: 38309228 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine, a conditionally essential amino acid, is key component in metabolic pathways including immune regulation and protein synthesis. Depletion of arginine contributes to worse outcomes in severely ill and surgical patient populations. We assessed prognostic implications of arginine levels and its metabolites and ratios in polymorbid medical inpatients at nutritional risk regarding clinical outcomes and treatment response. METHODS Within this secondary analysis of the randomized controlled Effect of early nutritional support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of malnourished medical inpatients Trial (EFFORT), we investigated the association of arginine, its metabolites and ratios (i.e., ADMA and SDMA, ratios of arginine/ADMA, arginine/ornithine, and global arginine bioavailability ratio) measured on hospital admission with short-term and long-term mortality by means of regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 231 patients with available measurements, low arginine levels ≤90.05 μmol/l (n = 86; 37 %) were associated with higher all-cause mortality at 30 days (primary endpoint, adjusted HR 3.27, 95 % CI 1.86 to 5.75, p < 0.001) and at 5 years (adjusted HR 1.50, 95 % CI 1.07 to 2.12, p = 0.020). Arginine metabolites and ratios were also associated with adverse outcome, but had lower prognostic value. There was, however, no evidence that treatment response was influenced by admission arginine levels. CONCLUSION This secondary analysis focusing on medical inpatients at nutritional risk confirms a strong association of low plasma arginine levels and worse clinical courses. The potential effects of arginine-enriched nutritional supplements should be investigated in this population of patients. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02517476 (registered 7 August 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Stumpf
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carla Wunderle
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Ritz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neyer
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Tribolet
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Department of Health Professions, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Falkenplatz 24, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Sciences University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Mueller
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuetz
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland; Medical Faculty of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Ali HS, de Visser SP. Catalytic divergencies in the mechanism of L-arginine hydroxylating nonheme iron enzymes. Front Chem 2024; 12:1365494. [PMID: 38406558 PMCID: PMC10884159 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1365494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Many enzymes in nature utilize a free arginine (L-Arg) amino acid to initiate the biosynthesis of natural products. Examples include nitric oxide synthases, which generate NO from L-Arg for blood pressure control, and various arginine hydroxylases involved in antibiotic biosynthesis. Among the groups of arginine hydroxylases, several enzymes utilize a nonheme iron(II) active site and let L-Arg react with dioxygen and α-ketoglutarate to perform either C3-hydroxylation, C4-hydroxylation, C5-hydroxylation, or C4-C5-desaturation. How these seemingly similar enzymes can react with high specificity and selectivity to form different products remains unknown. Over the past few years, our groups have investigated the mechanisms of L-Arg-activating nonheme iron dioxygenases, including the viomycin biosynthesis enzyme VioC, the naphthyridinomycin biosynthesis enzyme NapI, and the streptothricin biosynthesis enzyme OrfP, using computational approaches and applied molecular dynamics, quantum mechanics on cluster models, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches. These studies not only highlight the differences in substrate and oxidant binding and positioning but also emphasize on electronic and electrostatic differences in the substrate-binding pockets of the enzymes. In particular, due to charge differences in the active site structures, there are changes in the local electric field and electric dipole moment orientations that either strengthen or weaken specific substrate C-H bonds. The local field effects, therefore, influence and guide reaction selectivity and specificity and give the enzymes their unique reactivity patterns. Computational work using either QM/MM or density functional theory (DFT) on cluster models can provide valuable insights into catalytic reaction mechanisms and produce accurate and reliable data that can be used to engineer proteins and synthetic catalysts to perform novel reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Saqib Ali
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the INEOS Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Kuramochi Y, Murata M, Sumino A, Sone H, Hayamizu K. Safety assessment of L-Arg oral intake in healthy subjects: a systematic review of randomized control trials. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1949-1964. [PMID: 37947893 PMCID: PMC10724322 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
L-Arg is a nonessential amino acid but has many physiological roles. Accordingly, L-Arg has been used in various fields, but there is only limited information available about its safety upon overdose. Generally, the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) is used when setting the upper amount for chemical substances. Recently, systematic reviews have been used to assess the safety as well as the effectiveness and usefulness of them. Therefore, we conducted an assessment of the safety of the oral intake of L-Arg in healthy subjects using gastrointestinal symptoms as an index. We limited the study design to only double-blind randomized controlled trials and searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, and Ichushi-Web from inception until May 2021. Assessment of the quality of studies was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and Jadad score, and the random effects model was used for data analysis. Ultimately, 34 studies were selected for inclusion in this work. The dosage of L-Arg used in the studies ranged from 2000 to 30,000 mg/day (or/one-time dose), and the treatment duration was 1-84 days. The increased risk of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with L-Arg intake from 23 studies (647 participants in total) in which such symptoms were reported was 0.01 (95% confidence interval: - 0.02-0.04), which was not significant difference. NOAEL was estimated as 7531 mg/ one-time dose using a weighted change-point regression model (UMIN000046133).Registration and protocol: Umin.ac.jp as UMIN000046133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Mai Murata
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Akihide Sumino
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Hideko Sone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Hayamizu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-Cho, Totsuka-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 245-0066, Japan.
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5
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Shi J, Leonardo TR, Han C, Bangash HI, Chen D, Trivedi HM, Chen L. L-Arginine Enhances Oral Keratinocyte Proliferation under High-Glucose Conditions via Upregulation of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5. Molecules 2023; 28:7020. [PMID: 37894498 PMCID: PMC10609441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose inhibits oral keratinocyte proliferation. Diabetes can lead to delayed oral wound healing and periodontal disease. L-Arginine, one of the most versatile amino acids, plays an important role in wound healing, organ maturation, and development. In this study, L-Arginine was found to enhance oral keratinocyte proliferation under high-glucose conditions. RNA sequencing analysis discovered a significant number of genes differentially upregulated following L-Arginine treatment under high-glucose conditions. Cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1A1) was the most significantly upregulated gene at 24 and 48 h after L-Arginine treatment. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis found that cell proliferation- and mitosis-related biological processes, such as mitotic nuclear division, mRNA processing, and positive regulation of cell cycle processes, were significantly upregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis found that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and serine- and arginine-rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) were the top upregulated genes in cell cycle and spliceosome pathways, respectively. Indirect immunofluorescent cytochemistry confirmed increased protein levels of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5 after L-Arginine treatment. Knockdown of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5 abolished the enhanced proliferative effect of L-Arginine on oral keratinocytes under high-glucose conditions. In conclusion, L-Arginine enhances oral keratinocyte proliferation under high-glucose conditions via upregulation of CYP1A1, SKP2, and SRSF5, suggesting that supplemental L-Arginine in oral care products may be beneficial for oral tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China;
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Trevor R. Leonardo
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hiba I. Bangash
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (D.C.); (H.M.T.)
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (T.R.L.); (C.H.); (H.I.B.)
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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6
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He D, Hu S, Huang Z, Mo C, Cheng X, Song P, Li Y, Song T, Guan Z, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Liao M. Metabolomics analyses of serum metabolites perturbations associated with Naja atra bite. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011507. [PMID: 37639406 PMCID: PMC10461852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Naja atra bite is one of the most common severe snakebites in emergency departments. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological changes caused by Naja atra bite are unclear due to the lack of good animal models. In this study, an animal model of Naja atra bite in Guangxi Bama miniature pigs was established by intramuscular injection at 2 mg/kg of Naja atra venom, and serum metabolites were systematically analyzed using untargeted metabolomic and targeted metabolomic approaches. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 5045 chromatographic peaks were obtained in ESI+ and 3871 chromatographic peaks were obtained in ESI-. Screening in ESI+ modes and ESI- modes identified 22 and 36 differential metabolites compared to controls. The presence of 8 core metabolites of glutamine, arginine, proline, leucine, phenylalanine, inosine, thymidine and hippuric acid in the process of Naja atra bite was verified by targeted metabolomics significant difference (P<0.05). At the same time, during the verification process of the serum clinical samples with Naja atra bite, we found that the contents of three metabolites of proline, phenylalanine and inosine in the serum of the patients were significantly different from those of the normal human serum (P<0.05). By conducting functional analysis of core and metabolic pathway analysis, we revealed a potential correlation between changes in key metabolites after the Naja atra bite and the resulting pathophysiological alterations, and our research aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the prompt diagnosis and treatment of Naja atra bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling He
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shaocong Hu
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Caifeng Mo
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Cheng
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Pengshu Song
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yalan Li
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Tianlin Song
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Zhezhe Guan
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Ming Liao
- Life Science Institute Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, PR China
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7
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Zeng Y, Li R, Dong Y, Yi D, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhang Y, Hou Y. Dietary Supplementation with Puerarin Improves Intestinal Function in Piglets Challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1908. [PMID: 37370417 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of puerarin supplementation on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Twenty-four ternary crossbred piglets were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control group, ETEC group (challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8), and ETEC + Puerarin group (supplemented with 5 mg/kg puerarin and challenged with ETEC K88 on day 8). All piglets were orally administered D-xylose (0.1 g/kg body weight) on day 10, and blood samples were collected after 1 h. Subsequently, piglets were killed and intestinal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that puerarin supplementation significantly decreased the adverse effects of ETEC K88-challenged piglets; significantly improved growth performance; increased the number of Bifidobacterium in the colon and Lactobacillus in the jejunum, cecum and colon; decreased the number of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and cecum; reduced the hydrogen peroxide content in the jejunum and myeloperoxidase activity in the jejunum and ileum; and increased the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the jejunum and ileum. In addition, puerarin supplementation alleviated ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury in piglets, significantly downregulated the mRNA level of Interleukin-1β and upregulated the mRNA levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, myxovirus resistance protein 1, myxovirus resistance protein 2, and guanylate-binding protein-1 in the small intestine of piglets. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with puerarin could attenuate ETEC K88-induced intestinal injury by increasing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and the number of beneficial intestinal bacteria in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Brugaletta G, Zampiga M, Laghi L, Indio V, Oliveri C, De Cesare A, Sirri F. Feeding broiler chickens with arginine above recommended levels: effects on growth performance, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:33. [PMID: 36864475 PMCID: PMC9983211 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine is an essential amino acid for chickens and feeding diets with arginine beyond the recommended levels has been shown to influence the growth performance of broiler chickens in a positive way. Nonetheless, further research is required to understand how arginine supplementation above the widely adopted dosages affects metabolism and intestinal health of broilers. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effects of arginine supplementation (i.e., total arginine to total lysine ratio of 1.20 instead of 1.06-1.08 recommended by the breeding company) on growth performance of broiler chickens and to explore its impacts on the hepatic and blood metabolic profiles, as well as on the intestinal microbiota. For this purpose, 630 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 2 treatments (7 replicates each) fed a control diet or a crystalline L-arginine-supplemented diet for 49 d. RESULTS Compared to control birds, those supplemented with arginine performed significantly better exhibiting greater final body weight at D49 (3778 vs. 3937 g; P < 0.001), higher growth rate (76.15 vs. 79.46 g of body weight gained daily; P < 0.001), and lower cumulative feed conversion ratio (1.808 vs. 1.732; P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of arginine, betaine, histidine, and creatine were greater in supplemented birds than in their control counterparts, as were those of creatine, leucine and other essential amino acids at the hepatic level. In contrast, leucine concentration was lower in the caecal content of supplemented birds. Reduced alpha diversity and relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (specifically Escherichia coli), as well as increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus salivarius were found in the caecal content of supplemented birds. CONCLUSIONS The improvement in growth performance corroborates the advantages of supplementing arginine in broiler nutrition. It can be hypothesized that the performance enhancement found in this study is associated with the increased availability of arginine, betaine, histidine, and creatine in plasma and the liver, as well as to the ability of extra dietary arginine to potentially ameliorate intestinal conditions and microbiota of supplemented birds. However, the latter promising property, along with other research questions raised by this study, deserve further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Brugaletta
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zampiga
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Laghi
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Oliveri
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, 40064, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Bagheripour F, Jeddi S, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Metabolic effects of L-citrulline in type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13937. [PMID: 36645144 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is involved in the pathophysiology of T2D and its complications. L-citrulline (Cit), a precursor of NO production, has been suggested as a novel therapeutic agent for T2D. Available data from human and animal studies indicate that Cit supplementation in T2D increases circulating levels of Cit and L-arginine while decreasing circulating glucose and free fatty acids and improving dyslipidemia. The underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects of Cit include increased insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells, increased glucose uptake by the skeletal muscle, as well as increased lipolysis and β-oxidation, and decreased glyceroneogenesis in the adipose tissue. Thus, Cit has antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant effects and has the potential to be used as a new therapeutic agent in the management of T2D. This review summarizes available literature from human and animal studies to explore the effects of Cit on metabolic parameters in T2D. It also discusses the possible mechanisms underlying Cit-induced improved metabolic parameters in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bagheripour
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Jeddi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Li H, Lu ZM, Deng WQ, Zhang QS, Chen G, Li Q, Xu ZH, Ma YH. The differences between broad bean koji fermented in laboratory and factory conditions by an efficient Aspergillus oryzae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1139406. [PMID: 37032872 PMCID: PMC10074850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1139406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Broad bean paste-meju was fermented by a mixture of broad bean koji and saline; koji fermentation is an essential process for the production of broad bean paste-meju. Aspergillus oryzae was the most widely used in sauce fermentation. The purpose of this study was to research the factory adaptability of the highly efficient A. oryzae PNM003 and further evaluate the effect of fermentation conditions and fermentation strains on koji. A. oryzae PNM003 was compared with the widely used strain HN 3.042 not only in the laboratory but also in factory conditions (large scale). Results showed that the koji made with the same starter in the factory had a greater amount of fungi than that in the laboratory. Bacteria and yeast levels in HN_L koji were higher than in PN_L koji. As for fungi constitution, almost only Aspergillus survived in the end through the microorganism self-purification process during koji fermentation. As for the bacterial constitution, koji was grouped by fermentation conditions instead of fermentation starter. PN koji had higher protease activity and a higher content of total acids, amino acid nitrogen, amino acids, and organic acids in the laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, in factory conditions, PN koji and HN koji had similar indexes. As for volatile flavor compounds, koji made with the two starters in the same condition was grouped together. As for the same starter, there were more flavor compounds metabolized in the factory condition than in the laboratory condition, especially esters and alcohols. The results showed PN was a highly efficient strain to ferment koji, but the advantages were expressed more remarkably in laboratory conditions. In brief, the fermented condition had a greater influence than the fermentation starter for broad bean koji.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei-Qin Deng
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Zhang
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng-Hong Xu
| | - Yan-He Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Yan-He Ma
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11
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Feelisch M, Cortese-Krott MM, Santolini J, Wootton SA, Jackson AA. Systems redox biology in health and disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:623-646. [PMID: 35721574 PMCID: PMC9203981 DOI: 10.17179/excli2022-4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms need to be able to cope with environmental challenges and other stressors and mount adequate responses that are as varied as the spectrum of those challenges. Understanding how the multi-layered biological stress responses become integrated across and between different levels of organization within an organism can provide a different perspective on the nature and inter-relationship of complex systems in health and disease. We here compare two concepts which have been very influential in stress research: Selye's 'General Adaptation Syndrome' and Sies's 'Oxidative Stress' paradigm. We show that both can be embraced within a more general framework of 'change and response'. The 'Reactive Species Interactome' allows each of these to be considered as distinct but complementary aspects of the same system, representative of roles at different levels of organization within a functional hierarchy. The versatile chemistry of sulfur - exemplified by hydrogen sulfide, glutathione and proteinous cysteine thiols - enriched by its interactions with reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species, would seem to sit at the heart of the 'Redox Code' and underpin the ability of complex organisms to cope with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jérôme Santolini
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stephen A Wootton
- Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Alan A Jackson
- Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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12
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Aximujiang K, Kaheman K, Wushouer X, Wu G, Ahemaiti A, Yunusi K. Lactobacillus acidophilus and HKL Suspension Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Regulating Gut Microbiota, Suppressing TLR9, and Promoting Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859628. [PMID: 35600873 PMCID: PMC9118348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory bowel disease with complex pathogenesis. The intestinal flora disturbance affects the homeostasis of the intestinal environment, leading to metabolic imbalance and immune abnormalities of the host, contributing to the perpetuation of intestinal inflammation. We suggest that the combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and the regulation of intestinal flora balance may help in the treatment process. Previously, we used a combination treatment consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lac) and Chinese medicine Huan Kui Le (HKL) suspension in a UC rat model, where the combined intervention was more effective than either treatment alone. Herein, the mechanism of action of this combined treatment has been investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA methods in the colon, and untargeted metabolomics profiling in serum. Colon protein expression levels of IL-13 and TGF-β were upregulated, whereas those of TLR9 and TLR4 were downregulated, consistent with an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, gut microbiota structure changed, shown by a decrease in opportunistic pathogens correlated with intestinal inflammation, such as Klebsiella and Escherichia-Shigella, and an increase in beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium. The latter correlated positively with IL-13 and TGF-β and negatively with IFN-γ. Finally, this treatment alleviated the disruption of the metabolic profile observed in UC rats by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)–producing bacteria in the colonic epithelium. This combination treatment also affected the metabolism of lactic acid, creatine, and glycine and inhibited the growth of Klebsiella. Overall, we suggest that treatment combining probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine is a novel strategy beneficial in UC that acts by modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, TLR9, and cytokines in different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimujiang Aximujiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kuerbannaimu Kaheman
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital in Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xilinguli Wushouer
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guixia Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Abulaiti Ahemaiti
- The Functional Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kurexi Yunusi
- Uygur Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Kurexi Yunusi,
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13
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Abstract
The aim of the article is to examine side effects of increased dietary intake of amino acids, which are commonly used as a dietary supplement. In addition to toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, attention is focused on renal and gastrointestinal tract functions, ammonia production, and consequences of a competition with other amino acids for a carrier at the cell membranes and enzymes responsible for their degradation. In alphabetic order are examined arginine, β-alanine, branched-chain amino acids, carnosine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, histidine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, leucine, and tryptophan. In the article is shown that enhanced intake of most amino acid supplements may not be risk-free and can cause a number of detrimental side effects. Further research is necessary to elucidate effects of high doses and long-term consumption of amino acid supplements on immune system, brain function, muscle protein balance, synthesis of toxic metabolites, and tumor growth and examine their suitability under certain circumstances. These include elderly, childhood, pregnancy, nursing a baby, and medical condition, such as diabetes and liver disease. Studies are also needed to examine adaptive response to a long-term intake of any substance and consequences of discontinuation of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M HOLEČEK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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14
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Effects of Inclusion of N-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010033. [PMID: 35011139 PMCID: PMC8749524 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Using dietary non-protein nitrogen is an effective way to decrease the dependence on protein resources in cattle production. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a structural analogue of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), which is a precursor of endogenous Arg synthesis. NCG improves urea cycling and enhances the endogenous synthesis of Arg, nitric oxide synthase and NO. The present study showed that beef benefited from being fed NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids. Abstract The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen utilization, plasma antioxidant and amino acids of Holstein bulls. In this case, 24 Holstein bulls (490 ± 29.0 kg of body weights and 540 ± 6.1 d of age) were blocked by body weights and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group: bulls were fed the control diet, (2) CON + NCG group: bulls were fed the control diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG, (3) Urea group: bulls were fed the urea diet, and (4) Urea + NCG group: bulls were fed the urea diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG. Feeding NCG significantly improved ADG, FCR, DM and CP digestibility, carcass weight, slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area, shear force (p = 0.001) and reduced L* of color, drip loss and cooking loss. Concurrently, feeding the urea diet induced a decreased ADG, carcass weight and slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area and shear force. NCG decreased contents of fecal N and urinary N, plasma urea in bulls and ammonia but increased N retention and utilization, plasma NO, plasma Arg, Leu, Ile and Tyr. On the other hand, feeding the urea diet increased urinary N, plasma urea and ammonia. Thus the study efficiently demonstrates that beef benefited from being fed a NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids.
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15
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Portocarero N, Braun U. The physiological role of guanidinoacetic acid and its relationship with arginine in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101203. [PMID: 34118613 PMCID: PMC8193617 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and its relationship with arginine was reviewed in order to define a replacement ratio between GAA and arginine for broiler diet formulation, the ratio being of how much arginine could be spared, or replaced by GAA. Guanidionoacetic acid, the precursor of creatine, can be synthesized de novo from the amino acids arginine and glycine, whereby 1 mol of arginine creates 1 mol of GAA; that is a weight:weight (w:w) ratio of 1.49:1 (arginine:GAA). Guanidinoacetic acid exerts a growth effect through its primary physiological fate to form creatine, and additionally spares dietary arginine from GAA synthesis; so that it contributes to protein accretion and other functions. Creatine is critical in energy metabolism as a carrier and reservoir of phosphate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation. Arginine deficiency causes reduced growth and can lead to disrupted levels of blood and muscle energy metabolites (phosphocreatine and creatine). Supplementing GAA into the diet restores these metabolites. At severe arginine deficiency, GAA addition cannot fully compensate the arginine deficit, as measured by growth performance. As arginine becomes nearer to sufficiency, the effect of GAA becomes more pronounced. When using growth rate or FCR as an indicator in broilers, a ratio in the range of 0.77 to 1.3:1 (w:w arginine:GAA) was seen, with one study noting a ratio of 2:1 when using FCR as an indicator. Higher ratios of up to 2.7:1 are achieved when using muscle creatine and phosphocreatine measurements. A recommendation of 1:1 (w:w) is proposed, which takes a conservative approach. Large scale studies with practical diets would be helpful to confirm that a ratio of 1:1 (w:w) or higher may be used in the field for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Braun
- Alzchem Trostberg GmbH, Dr.-Albert-Frank-Straße 32, 83308 Trostberg, Germany
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16
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Martí I Líndez AA, Reith W. Arginine-dependent immune responses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5303-5324. [PMID: 34037806 PMCID: PMC8257534 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An appropriate supply of arginine has long been associated with the improvement of immune responses. In addition to being a building block for protein synthesis, arginine serves as a substrate for distinct metabolic pathways that profoundly affect immune cell biology; especially macrophage, dendritic cell and T cell immunobiology. Arginine availability, synthesis, and catabolism are highly interrelated aspects of immune responses and their fine-tuning can dictate divergent pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory immune outcomes. Here, we review the organismal pathways of arginine metabolism in humans and rodents, as essential modulators of the availability of this semi-essential amino acid for immune cells. We subsequently review well-established and novel findings on the functional impact of arginine biosynthetic and catabolic pathways on the main immune cell lineages. Finally, as arginine has emerged as a molecule impacting on a plethora of immune functions, we integrate key notions on how the disruption or perversion of arginine metabolism is implicated in pathologies ranging from infectious diseases to autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Chronic Critical Illness and PICS Nutritional Strategies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112294. [PMID: 34070395 PMCID: PMC8197535 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutritional hallmark of chronic critical illness (CCI) after sepsis is persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), which results in global resistance to the anabolic effect of nutritional supplements. This ultimately leaves these patients in a downward phenotypic spiral characterized by cachexia with profound weakness, decreased capacity for rehabilitation, and immunosuppression with the propensity for sepsis recidivism. The persistent catabolism is driven by a pathologic low-grade inflammation with the inability to return to homeostasis and by ongoing increased energy expenditure. Better critical care support systems and advances in technology have led to increased intensive care unit (ICU) survival, but CCI due to PICS with poor long-term outcomes has emerged as a frequent phenotype among ICU sepsis survivors. Unfortunately, therapies to mitigate or reverse PICS-CCI are limited, and recent evidence supports that these patients fail to respond to early ICU evidence-based nutrition protocols. A lack of randomized controlled trials has limited strong recommendations for nutrition adjuncts in these patients. However, based on experience in other conditions characterized by a similar phenotype, immunonutrients aimed at counteracting inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism may be important for improving outcomes in PICS-CCI patients. This manuscript intends to review several immunonutrients as adjunctive therapies in treating PICS-CCI.
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18
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Divito B, McLaughlin M, Jacobs I. The Effects of L-Citrulline on Blood-Lactate Removal Kinetics Following Maximal-Effort Exercise. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:704-716. [PMID: 34013839 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1926392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of lactate in muscle and blood during high-intensity exercise is negatively correlated with the duration exercise can be sustained. Removal of lactate is a key component of acute recovery between consecutive bouts of such exercise. Low-intensity exercise enhances recovery by accelerating lactate turnover in metabolically active tissues, largely mediated by blood flow to these tissues. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to clarify if L-citrulline, a nutritional supplement purported to promote vasodilation via enhanced nitric oxide availability, would augment the removal of blood lactate during active recovery (AR). L-citrulline ingestion will augment the rate of blood lactate concentration decrease during AR, reduce the oxygen-cost of submaximal exercise, and increase time-to-exhaustion and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) during a test of maximal aerobic power. Healthy university students (five males & five females) participated in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Participants exercised on a cycle ergometer at submaximal steady-state intensities followed by progressively increasing intensity to exhaustion, 10 min of AR, and then supramaximal intensity exercise to exhaustion. Oxygen uptake was measured throughout the trial and blood lactate was sampled repeatedly during AR. The protocol elicited very high peak blood lactate concentrations after exercise (11.3 + 1.3 mmol/L). L-citrulline supplementation did not significantly alter blood lactate kinetics during AR, the oxygen cost of exercise, V̇O2peak, or time-to-exhaustion. Despite a strong theoretical basis by which L-citrulline could augment lactate removal from the blood, L-citrulline supplementation showed no effect as an exercise-recovery supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Divito
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mackenzie McLaughlin
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira Jacobs
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Kim S, Lee M, Song Y, Lee SY, Choi I, Park IS, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim KM, Seo HR. Argininosuccinate synthase 1 suppresses tumor progression through activation of PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:127. [PMID: 33838671 PMCID: PMC8035787 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide, and liver cancer has increased in mortality due to liver cancer because it was detected at an advanced stages in patients with liver dysfunction, making HCC a lethal cancer. Accordingly, we aim to new targets for HCC drug discovery using HCC tumor spheroids. METHODS Our comparative proteomic analysis of HCC cells grown in culture as monolayers (2D) and spheroids (3D) revealed that argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1) expression was higher in 3D cells than in 2D cells due to upregulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We investigated the clinical value of ASS1 in Korean patients with HCC. The mechanism underlying ASS1-mediated tumor suppression was investigated in HCC spheroids. ASS1-mediated improvement of chemotherapy efficiency was observed using high content screening in an HCC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Studies of tumor tissue from Korean HCC patients showed that, although ASS1 expression was low in most samples, high levels of ASS1 were associated with favorable overall survival of patients. Here, we found that bidirectional interactions between ASS1 ER stress responses in HCC-derived multicellular tumor spheroids can limit HCC progression. ASS1 overexpression effectively inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of in vitro and in vivo anti-HCC combination chemotherapy via activation of the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP axis, but was not dependent on the status of p53 and arginine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the critical functional roles for the arginine metabolism-independent tumor suppressor activity of ASS1 in HCC and suggest that upregulating ASS1 in these tumors is a potential strategy in HCC cells with low ASS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwa Kim
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Song
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400 Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 South Korea
| | - I-Seul Park
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 South Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Screening Discovery Platform, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13488 South Korea
| | - Jin-sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Kang mo Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712 beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400 Republic of Korea
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20
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13572. [PMID: 33089645 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole-body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO-dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic availability. Both hepatic- and extrahepatic arginases critically limit the availability of Arg for the NO synthase enzymes (NOSs) and therefore, a limited amount of oral Arg can reach the systemic circulation for NO synthesis. Arg also has some undesired effects including induction of arginase activity, an increase of urea levels, a decrease of cellular uptake of Cit and decrease of recycling of Arg from Cit. In contrast, Cit has more availability as an NO precursor because of its high intestinal absorption, low FPM and high renal reabsorption. At the cellular level, co-localization of Cit transport systems and the enzymes involved in the Cit-Arg-NO pathway facilitates channelling of Cit into NO. Furthermore, cells preferably use Cit rather than either intra- or extracellular Arg to improve NO output, especially in high-demand situations. In conclusion, available evidence strongly supports the concept that Cit leads to higher NO production and suggests that Cit may have a better therapeutic effect than Arg for NO-disrupted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Human Dietetics Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education City University of New York School of Medicine New York NY USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center Research Institute for Endocrine SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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21
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Si H, Liu H, Nan W, Li G, Li Z, Lou Y. Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Serum Metabolites and the Rumen Bacterial Community of Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:630686. [PMID: 33614769 PMCID: PMC7892468 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.630686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Velvet antler is a regeneration organ of sika deer (Cervus nippon) and an important Chinese medicine, and nutrient metabolism affects its growth. Here, we investigated the effects of arginine supplementation on antler growth, serum biochemical indices, and the rumen bacterial community of sika deer during the antler growth period. Fifteen male sika deer (6 years old) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups, which were supplemented with 0 (n = 5, CON), 2.5 (n = 5, LArg), or 5.0 g/d (n = 5, HArg) L-arginine. The IGF-1, ALT and AST concentrations in the serum of LArg sika deer were significantly higher than those in the serum of CON (P < 0.05) and HArg deer (P < 0.05). The phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were dominant in the rumen of sika deer among the three groups. Comparison of alpha diversities showed that the ACE and Chao1 indices significantly increased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. PCoA and ANOSIM results showed that the bacterial community was significantly changed between the CON and LArg groups. Moreover, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter spp. and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 increased, but those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium 1 decreased in the LArg and HArg groups compared with those in the CON group. Additionally, the relative abundances of 19 OTUs were significantly different between the LArg and HArg groups. These results revealed that arginine supplementation affected the sika deer rumen bacterial community and serum biochemical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Hanlu Liu
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weixiao Nan
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Department of Special Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Lou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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22
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Karimi E, Hatami E, Ghavami A, Hadi A, Darand M, Askari G. Effects of L-arginine supplementation on biomarkers of glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:700-710. [PMID: 33426939 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1863991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of L-arginine supplementation in improving biomarkers of glycemic control in adults. Electronic databases including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were searched up to January 2020. The meta-analysis of twelve randomised clinical trials indicated that L-arginine had no significant effect on serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -3.38 mg/dl, 95% CI: -6.79 to 0.04, p = .53), serum insulin (WMD: -0.12 Hedges' g 95% CI: -0.33 to 0.09, p = .27), glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; WMD: -0.04%, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.17, p = .71), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (WMD: -0.48, 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.19, p = .15). Although several animal studies have proposed that L-arginine supplementation might improve blood glucose control, the present study could not confirm this benefit in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Hatami
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Darand
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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So S, Yamaguchi W, Murabayashi N, Miyano N, Tawara F, Kanayama N. Beneficial effect of l-arginine in women using assisted reproductive technologies: a small-scale randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2020; 82:67-73. [PMID: 32977253 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This small-scale randomized controlled study aimed to examine the effect of l-arginine supplementation on the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-positive rate and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment for 3 months. From November 2017 to March 2018, 120 patients aged less than 40 years and planning for egg retrieval for embryo transfer were enrolled. The patients were divided into the AS2000 group (n = 36; l-arginine, 2 g; folate, 400 μg; and vitamin E, 10 mg), AS1000 group (n = 37; l-arginine, 1 g; and folate, 200 μg), and control group (n = 36). The main outcome was the hCG-positive rate or CPR in 3 months. The cumulative hCG-positive rates during the administration period were 44.2%, 54.2%, and 52.1%, and the CPRs were 39.5%, 41.7%, and 47.9% in the control, AS1000, and AS2000 groups, respectively. Odds ratios of the hCG-positive rate and CPR in the global l-arginine group (AS1000 and AS2000) versus those in the control group were 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-2.90) and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.51-2.46), respectively. In the subgroup of women receiving ART because of male infertility, the hCG-positive rate and CPR were significantly increased in the l-arginine groups compared to those in the control group (13.42 [95% CI, 1.42-366.9] and 13.62 (95% CI, 1.42-367.6), respectively). Thus, arginine supplementation may be an option for women who desire pregnancy, especially those undergoing an ART program because of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei So
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan.
| | - Wakasa Yamaguchi
- Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan
| | - Nao Murabayashi
- Department of Reproductive and Perinatal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan; Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan
| | - Naomi Miyano
- Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan
| | - Fumiko Tawara
- Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Tawara IVF clinic, 2-20, Izumi-cho, Suruga-ku Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8066, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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24
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Gallo L, Pecoraro S, Sarnacchiaro P, Silvani M, Antonini G. The Daily Therapy With L-Arginine 2,500 mg and Tadalafil 5 mg in Combination and in Monotherapy for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized Multicentre Study. Sex Med 2020; 8:178-185. [PMID: 32192966 PMCID: PMC7261690 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A synergistic effect of the combination therapy tadalafil plus L-Arginine is conceivable in patients affected by erectile dysfunction (ED). AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of tadalafil 5 mg and L-Arginine 2.5 grams in monotherapy and combination therapy. METHODS Recruited patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function - Erectile Function domain (IIEF-EF) and Sexual Encounter Profile diaries completed at baseline and after treatment. The survey was randomized into 3 groups with an equal allocation ratio. Group A received daily L-Arginine 2,500 mg, group B received daily tadalafil 5 mg, and group C received both daily L-Arginine 2,500 mg plus daily tadalafil 5 mg. The duration of therapy in all 3 groups was 12 weeks. Safety was assessed by evaluating all reported treatment-emergent adverse events. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The main outcome measure was the change in IIEF-EF score and in per-patient percentage of "yes" responses to Sexual Encounter Profile Question 3 from baseline to after treatment. RESULTS 300 eligible patients were enrolled, and 100 subjects for each group were allocated. Based on the IIEF-EF score, the participants were divided into 3 categories: severe, moderate, and mild ED. IIEF-EF score increased in group A from 15 ± 7 to 18.1 ± 9.2, in group B from 14.8 ± 6.9 to 20.8 ± 7.3, and in group C from 14.9 ± 7.1 to 22 ± 7.5. In mild ED group, the mean IIEF-EF score increased from 22.1 ± 2.2 to 27.5 ± 2.3 in group A; from 22.1 ± 2.2 to 27.8 ± 2 in group B, and from 22.2 ± 2.2 to 29.3 ± 0.9 in group C. We report a total of 11, 53, and 67 cases of adverse events in group A, B, and C respectively. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy was superior to monotherapies. Gallo L, Pecoraro S, Sarnacchiaro P, et al. The Daily Therapy With L-Arginine 2,500 mg and Tadalafil 5 mg in Combination and in Monotherapy for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Prospective, Randomized Multicentre Study. Sex Med 2020;8:178-185.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mauro Silvani
- Division of Urology, Santa Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy
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25
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Pannala VR, Vinnakota KC, Estes SK, Trenary I, OˈBrien TP, Printz RL, Papin JA, Reifman J, Oyama T, Shiota M, Young JD, Wallqvist A. Genome-Scale Model-Based Identification of Metabolite Indicators for Early Detection of Kidney Toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 173:293-312. [PMID: 31722432 PMCID: PMC8000070 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying early indicators of toxicant-induced organ damage is critical to provide effective treatment. To discover such indicators and the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, we used gentamicin as an exemplar kidney toxicant and performed systematic perturbation studies in Sprague Dawley rats. We obtained high-throughput data 7 and 13 h after administration of a single dose of gentamicin (0.5 g/kg) and identified global changes in genes in the liver and kidneys, metabolites in the plasma and urine, and absolute fluxes in central carbon metabolism. We used these measured changes in genes in the liver and kidney as constraints to a rat multitissue genome-scale metabolic network model to investigate the mechanism of gentamicin-induced kidney toxicity and identify metabolites associated with changes in tissue gene expression. Our experimental analysis revealed that gentamicin-induced metabolic perturbations could be detected as early as 7 h postexposure. Our integrated systems-level analyses suggest that changes in kidney gene expression drive most of the significant metabolite alterations in the urine. The analyses thus allowed us to identify several significantly enriched injury-specific pathways in the kidney underlying gentamicin-induced toxicity, as well as metabolites in these pathways that could serve as potential early indicators of kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Pannala
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Kalyan C Vinnakota
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Shanea K Estes
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Irina Trenary
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tracy P OˈBrien
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard L Printz
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tatsuya Oyama
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Masakazu Shiota
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
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Costa KA, Marques DBD, de Campos CF, Saraiva A, Guimarães JD, Guimarães SEF. Nutrition influence on sow reproductive performance and conceptuses development and survival: A review about l-arginine supplementation. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Dietary arginine: metabolic, environmental, immunological and physiological interrelationships. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933910000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Costa KA, Saraiva A, Guimarães JD, Marques DBD, Machado-Neves M, Barbosa LMR, Villadiego FAC, Veroneze R, Oliveira LFD, Garcia IS, Teixeira SA, Guimarães SEF. Dietary L-arginine supplementation during early gestation of gilts affects conceptuses development. Theriogenology 2019; 140:62-71. [PMID: 31445222 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
l-arginine supplementation of sows has led to improvement of reproductive performance, but the mechanisms responsible for the positive effects of arginine during gestation on conceptuses survival and development are still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to evaluate effects of 1.0% l-arginine supplementation (ARG) on phenotypic traits of commercial gilts, embryos and fetuses, concentration of gilts' blood metabolites, expression of developmental and cellular apoptosis genes in conceptuses of 25 and 35 days. At 25 days, IGF1 gene was more expressed in embryos from ARG than in embryos from control gilts (CON) (P = 0.05). At this same gestational age, ARG embryos tended to be heavier compared to CON (P = 0.07) and ARG gilts showed a trend to have a greater arginine concentration in blood plasma (P = 0.06). However, at 35 days of gestation, arginine concentration in blood plasma of ARG gilts tended to be lower compared to CON (P = 0.06) and ARG fetuses showed smaller cephalic-caudal length (P = 0.05). These results indicate that duration of supplementation is determinant for arginine effects, not only on the females performance but also on the conceptuses, since supplementation upregulated IGF1 expression at 25 days, in addition to the reduction of cephalic-caudal length of 35-day fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Assis Costa
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Domingos Guimarães
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Veroneze
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Soares Garcia
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Susana Amaral Teixeira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
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de Andrade Bernal Fagiani M, Fluminhan A, de Azevedo Mello F, Yabuki D, Gonçalves GV, Tsujigushi LK, Pereira LG, da Silva KA, da Silva SBB, Santarem CL, Giozo PFI, de Souza Reis LSL. l-arginine minimizes immunosuppression and prothrombin time and enhances the genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil in rats. Nutrition 2019; 66:94-100. [PMID: 31252338 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of l-arginine supplementation on hemogram, integrity of DNA and spleen, inflammatory infiltrate in the jejunum, and in the coagulogram of rats submitted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were fed commercial feed and water ad libitum and grouped into four (eight rats per group): The control group was given a 0.9% physiologic solution to simulate the application of 5-FU in the other groups; the G5-FU group was given a dose of 5-FU; the GArg50 and GArg100 groups were given a dose of 5-FU and supplemented with 50 and 100 mg l-arginine/d added in the drinking water ad libitum. RESULTS The rats in the GArg50 group did not lose weight after chemotherapy. GArg50 rats presented polycythemia owing to dehydration caused by diarrhea generated by 5-FU. GArg100 rats had increased total leukocyte count, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and index in the total index of DNA damage, yet showed a reduction in prothrombin time and in the spleen depletion index. Rats in the G5-FU, GArg50, and GArg100 groups had similar moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the jejunum. CONCLUSION Supplementation with 100 mg/d of l-arginine minimized immunosuppression, spleen depletion, and prothrombin time and contributed to the breakdown of 5-FU-generated DNA in Wistar rats. Supplementation with 50 mg/d of l-arginine decreased the weight loss generated by 5-FU in Wistar rats. Supplements with 50 or 100 mg of l-arginine did not interfere with 5-FU-generated jejunal inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antônio Fluminhan
- State University of Sao Paulo (UNESP), College of Sciences and Technology (FCT), Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fabíola de Azevedo Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Denise Yabuki
- Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Liliane Girotto Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Kesia Araújo da Silva
- Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cecilia Laposy Santarem
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil; Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Felipe Izique Giozo
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil; Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Souza Lima de Souza Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brasil; Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Koolwal A, Manohar J. S, Rao TSS, Koolwal GD. l-arginine and Erectile Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSEXUAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2631831818822018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine, being a natural precursor of nitric oxide, is one of the more commonly used adjuvants to regular medicines in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Objectives: Here, in this review article, we aim to highlight various studies and the research studies done on l-arginine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Method: Reviewing the databases such as Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Trip, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the British Nursing Index. Results:l-arginine has been studied alone as well as in combination with various other molecules for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but the studies are very limited in number and have very small sample sizes. Conclusion: Positive evidence is available for the efficacy of l-arginine and its various combinations. Further research with larger sample sizes and standardized tools are required to recommend the routine use of these products in erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Koolwal
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivananda Manohar J.
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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31
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Bahrami D, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Zavar-Reza J. The effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic status, and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Bahrami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Javad Zavar-Reza
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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32
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Abstract
Arginine is derived from dietary intake, body protein breakdown, or endogenous de novo arginine production. Arginine methylation of non-histone proteins is used in transcriptional regulation. Protein-arginine methylation is used for regulation of transcriptional and various physiological pathological processes. Protein methylation may affect protein-protein, protein-DNA, or protein-RNA interaction. Arginine has an effect on the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB, a dominant transcriptional factor in inflammation. Adduct formation results in increased secretion of messenger molecules such as cytokines and chemokines that mediate communication among cells and promote inflammation. Arginine and lysine amino acid-rich histones in nucleosomes on modification by environmental agents form histone-DNA adducts, making it immunogenic. Alteration of DNA resulting from photomodification could lead to the development of antibodies or mutations to modified DNA. Lysine and arginine-rich histones in nucleosomes on modification by environmental agents form histone-DNA adducts, making it immunogenic. Alteration of DNA resulting from photomodification could lead to the development of antibodies or mutations to modified DNA. Therefore, the DNA-arginine photoadduct and modified photoadduct could have important implications in various pathophysiological conditions such as toxicology, carcinogenesis, and autoimmune phenomena. Abbreviations: Arg: Arginine; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; UV: ultraviolet; Tm: thermal melting temperature; NO: nitric oxide; O2.-: superoxide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Ahsan
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
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33
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Dor C, Adamany JL, Kisielewicz C, de Brot S, Erles K, Dhumeaux MP. Acquired urea cycle amino acid deficiency and hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in a cat with inflammatory bowel disease and chronic kidney disease. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918786750. [PMID: 30109117 PMCID: PMC6083777 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918786750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old male neutered Persian cat was referred for investigation of a 4 week history of weight loss, inappetence and intermittent vomiting. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and inflammatory bowel disease were diagnosed, and despite immunosuppressive therapy and assisted enteral nutrition, the cat experienced persistent anorexia, vomiting and severe weight loss. After 2 additional weeks of treatment, the cat developed acute-onset neurological signs associated with severe hyperammonaemia and was euthanased. Plasma amino acid assessment revealed deficiency of several amino acids involved in the urea cycle, including arginine. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an acquired urea cycle amino acid deficiency without nutritional deprivation in a cat. Several contributing factors were suspected, including intestinal malabsorption and CKD. This case demonstrates the importance of urea cycle amino acids in feline metabolism and possible necessity for parenteral supplementation, particularly in the context of persistent weight loss despite adequate enteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Dor
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Internal Medicine, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
| | | | | | - Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Marc P Dhumeaux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pride Veterinary Centre, Derby, UK
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Bayci AWL, Baker DA, Somerset AE, Turkoglu O, Hothem Z, Callahan RE, Mandal R, Han B, Bjorndahl T, Wishart D, Bahado-Singh R, Graham SF, Keidan R. Metabolomic identification of diagnostic serum-based biomarkers for advanced stage melanoma. Metabolomics 2018; 14:105. [PMID: 30830422 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma is a highly aggressive malignancy and is currently one of the fastest growing cancers worldwide. While early stage (I and II) disease is highly curable with excellent prognosis, mortality rates rise dramatically after distant spread. We sought to identify differences in the metabolome of melanoma patients to further elucidate the pathophysiology of melanoma and identify potential biomarkers to aid in earlier detection of recurrence. METHODS Using 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS, we profiled serum samples from 26 patients with stage III (nodal metastasis) or stage IV (distant metastasis) melanoma and compared their biochemical profiles with 46 age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS We accurately quantified 181 metabolites in serum using a combination of 1H NMR and DI-LC-MS/MS. We observed significant separation between cases and controls in the PLS-DA scores plot (permutation test p-value = 0.002). Using the concentrations of PC-aa-C40:3, DL-carnitine, octanoyl-L-carnitine, ethanol, and methylmalonyl-L-carnitine we developed a diagnostic algorithm with an AUC (95% CI) = 0.822 (0.665-0.979) with sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 56%, respectively. Furthermore, we identified arginine, proline, tryptophan, glutamine, glutamate, glutathione and ornithine metabolism to be significantly perturbed due to disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Targeted metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant differences in metabolic profiles of advanced stage (III and IV) melanoma patients as compared to controls. These differences may represent a potential avenue for the development of multi-marker serum-based assays for earlier detection of recurrences, allow for newer, more effective targeted therapy when tumor burden is less, and further elucidate the pathophysiologic changes that occur in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W L Bayci
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - D A Baker
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, 3601 W. 13 Mile Rd., Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
| | - A E Somerset
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - O Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Z Hothem
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R E Callahan
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R Mandal
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - B Han
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - T Bjorndahl
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Wishart
- Department of Biological and Computing Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - S F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - R Keidan
- Department of General Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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McNeal CJ, Meininger CJ, Wilborn CD, Tekwe CD, Wu G. Safety of dietary supplementation with arginine in adult humans. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1215-1229. [PMID: 29858688 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies with animals and humans have shown beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) on reducing white fat and improving health. At present, a long-term safe level of Arg administration to adult humans is unknown. The objective of this study was to conduct a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral Arg in overweight or obese but otherwise healthy adults with a body mass index of ≥ 25 kg/m2. A total of 142 subjects completed a 7-day wash-in period using a 12 g Arg/day dose. All the remaining eligible 101 subjects who tolerated the wash-in dose (45 men and 56 women) were assigned randomly to ingest 0, 15 or 30 g Arg (as pharmaceutical-grade Arg-HCl) per day for 90 days. Arg was taken daily in at least two divided doses by mixing with a flavored beverage. At Days 0 and 90, blood pressures of study subjects were recorded, their physical examinations were performed, and their blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained to measure: (1) serum concentrations of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and related metabolites; and (2) renal, hepatic, endocrine and metabolic parameters. Our results indicate that the serum concentration of Arg in men or women increased (P < 0.05) progressively with increasing oral Arg doses from 0 to 30 g/day. Dietary supplementation with 30 g Arg/day reduced (P < 0.05) systolic blood pressure and serum glucose concentration in females, as well as serum concentrations of free fatty acids in both males and females. Based on physiological and biochemical variables, study subjects tolerated oral administration of 15 and 30 g Arg/day without adverse events. We conclude that a long-term safe level of dietary Arg supplementation is at least 30 g/day in adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J McNeal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA
| | - Colin D Wilborn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Carmen D Tekwe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, 76504, USA. .,Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Haughey L, Barbul A. Nutrition and Lower Extremity Ulcers: Causality and/or Treatment. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2017; 16:238-243. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734617737639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The association between malnutrition, impaired wound healing, and the presence of chronic wounds has been recognized for a long time. It is widely believed that the lack of adequate nutrition increases the risk of developing wounds which have a great likelihood of progressing to chronicity due to lack of appropriate healing responses. This risk is particularly high in the aging population. For the individual patient, as well as patient populations, the diagnosis of malnutrition has been in dispute; further, there is lack of agreement of when and how to intervene nutritionally in those with wounds or healing deficits. This article examines the relationship of nutritional status with the presence and clinical evolution of leg ulcers in humans, focusing on diabetic and venous leg ulcers; we will further review the effect of nutritional therapy on the outcome of these ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Barbul
- Tennessee Valley VA Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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37
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Albaugh VL, Mukherjee K, Barbul A. Proline Precursors and Collagen Synthesis: Biochemical Challenges of Nutrient Supplementation and Wound Healing. J Nutr 2017; 147:2011-2017. [PMID: 28978679 PMCID: PMC5657141 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.256404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process marked by highly coordinated immune fluxes into an area of tissue injury; these are required for re-establishment of normal tissue integrity. Along with this cascade of cellular players, wound healing also requires coordinated flux through a number of biochemical pathways, leading to synthesis of collagen and recycling or removal of damaged tissues. The availability of nutrients, especially amino acids, is critical for wound healing, and enteral supplementation has been intensely studied as a potential mechanism to augment wound healing-either by increasing tensile strength, decreasing healing time, or both. From a practical standpoint, although enteral nutrient supplementation may seem like a reasonable strategy to augment healing, a number of biochemical and physiologic barriers exist that limit this strategy. In this critical review, the physiology of enteral amino acid metabolism and supplementation and challenges therein are discussed in the context of splanchnic physiology and biochemistry. Additionally, a review of studies examining various methods of amino acid supplementation and the associated effects on wound outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
| | - Kaushik Mukherjee
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Adrian Barbul
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; and
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Zam
- Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Syrian Arab Republic
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39
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Mishra A, Surolia A. Biochemical characterization of argininosuccinate lyase fromM. tuberculosis: significance of a c-terminal cysteine in catalysis and thermal stability. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:896-907. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archita Mishra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Avadhesha Surolia
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore Karnataka India
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40
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Brooks JR, Oketch-Rabah H, Low Dog T, Gorecki DKJ, Barrett ML, Cantilena L, Chung M, Costello RB, Dwyer J, Hardy ML, Jordan SA, Maughan RJ, Marles RJ, Osterberg RE, Rodda BE, Wolfe RR, Zuniga JM, Valerio LG, Jones D, Deuster P, Giancaspro GI, Sarma ND. Safety and performance benefits of arginine supplements for military personnel: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2017; 74:708-721. [PMID: 27753625 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary supplements are widely used by military personnel and civilians for promotion of health. OBJECTIVE The objective of this evidence-based review was to examine whether supplementation with l-arginine, in combination with caffeine and/or creatine, is safe and whether it enhances athletic performance or improves recovery from exhaustion for military personnel. DATA SOURCES Information from clinical trials and adverse event reports were collected from 17 databases and 5 adverse event report portals. STUDY SELECTION Studies and reports were included if they evaluated the safety and the putative outcomes of enhanced performance or improved recovery from exhaustion associated with the intake of arginine alone or in combination with caffeine and/or creatine in healthy adults aged 19 to 50 years. DATA EXTRACTION Information related to population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes was abstracted. Of the 2687 articles screened, 62 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Strength of evidence was assessed in terms of risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision. RESULTS Most studies had few participants and suggested risk of bias that could negatively affect the results. l-Arginine supplementation provided little enhancement of athletic performance or improvements in recovery. Short-term supplementation with arginine may result in adverse gastrointestinal and cardiovascular effects. No information about the effects of arginine on the performance of military personnel was available. CONCLUSIONS The available information does not support the use of l-arginine, either alone or in combination with caffeine, creatine, or both, to enhance athletic performance or improve recovery from exhaustion. Given the information gaps, an evidence-based review to assess the safety or effectiveness of multi-ingredient dietary supplements was not feasible, and therefore the development of a computational model-based approach to predict the safety of multi-ingredient dietary supplements is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Brooks
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hellen Oketch-Rabah
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tieraona Low Dog
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis K J Gorecki
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn L Barrett
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis Cantilena
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei Chung
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca B Costello
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Johanna Dwyer
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary L Hardy
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott A Jordan
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald J Maughan
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin J Marles
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert E Osterberg
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce E Rodda
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jorge M Zuniga
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis G Valerio
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donnamaria Jones
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Deuster
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriel I Giancaspro
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nandakumara D Sarma
- J.R. Brooks, M.L. Barrett, L. Cantilena, R.B. Costello, J. Dwyer, M.L. Hardy, S.A. Jordan, R.J. Maughan, R.J. Marles, R.E. Osterberg, B.E. Rodda, R.R. Wolfe, and J.M. Zuniga are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Arginine Review Expert Panel. T. Low Dog, D.K.J. Gorecki, L. Cantilena, M. Chung, R.B. Costello, and S.A. Jordan are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention Evidence-Based Reviews Expert Panel. L.G. Valerio Jr is with the US Food and Drug Administration liaison to the US Pharmacopeial Convention Dietary Supplements Expert Committee and with Verto Solutions LLC, Washington, DC, USA. G.I. Giancaspro, H. Oketch-Rabah, and N.D. Sarma are with the US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. D. Jones and P. Deuster are with the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Screening for main components associated with the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of a tonic herb, Polygonum multiflorum. Front Med 2017; 11:253-265. [PMID: 28315126 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The main constituents of a typical medicinal herb, Polygonum multiflorum (Heshouwu in Chinese), that induces idiosyncratic liver injury remain unclear. Our previous work has shown that cotreatment with a nontoxic dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and therapeutic dose of Heshouwu can induce liver injury in rats, whereas the solo treatment cannot induce observable injury. In the present work, using the constituent "knock-out" and "knock-in" strategy, we found that the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Heshouwu displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Results indicated a significant elevation of plasma alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and liver histologic changes, whereas other separated fractions failed to induce liver injury. The mixture of EA extract with other separated fractions induced comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to the whole extract in LPS-treated rats. Chemical analysis further revealed that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy trans-stilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (trans-SG) and its cis-isomer were the two major compounds in EA extract. Furthermore, the isolated cis-, and not its trans-isomer, displayed comparable idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity to EA extract in LPS-treated rats. Higher contents of cis-SG were detected in Heshouwu liquor or preparations from actual liver intoxication patients associated with Heshouwu compared with general collected samples. In addition, plasma metabolomics analysis showed that cis-SG-disturbing enriched pathways remarkably differed from trans-SG ones in LPS-treated rats. All these results suggested that cis-SG was closely associated with the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Heshouwu. Considering that the cis-trans isomerization of trans-SG was mediated by ultraviolet light or sunlight, our findings serve as reference for controlling photoisomerization in drug discovery and for the clinical use of Heshouwu and stilbene-related medications.
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Morris CR, Hamilton-Reeves J, Martindale RG, Sarav M, Ochoa Gautier JB. Acquired Amino Acid Deficiencies: A Focus on Arginine and Glutamine. Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:30S-47S. [PMID: 28388380 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617691250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonessential amino acids are synthesized de novo and therefore not diet dependent. In contrast, essential amino acids must be obtained through nutrition since they cannot be synthesized internally. Several nonessential amino acids may become essential under conditions of stress and catabolic states when the capacity of endogenous amino acid synthesis is exceeded. Arginine and glutamine are 2 such conditionally essential amino acids and are the focus of this review. Low arginine bioavailability plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a growing number of varied diseases, including sickle cell disease, thalassemia, malaria, acute asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and trauma, among others. Catabolism of arginine by arginase enzymes is the most common cause of an acquired arginine deficiency syndrome, frequently contributing to endothelial dysfunction and/or T-cell dysfunction, depending on the clinical scenario and disease state. Glutamine, an arginine precursor, is one of the most abundant amino acids in the body and, like arginine, becomes deficient in several conditions of stress, including critical illness, trauma, infection, cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders. At-risk populations are discussed together with therapeutic options that target these specific acquired amino acid deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Morris
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory-Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- 2 Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Robert G Martindale
- 3 Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Menaka Sarav
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Northshore University Health System, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Velugula K, Chinta JP. Silver nanoparticles ensemble with Zn(II) complex of terpyridine as a highly sensitive colorimetric assay for the detection of Arginine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:271-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yuce Sari S, Yazici G, Yuce D, Karabulut E, Cengiz M, Ozyigit G. The effect of glutamine and arginine-enriched nutritional support on quality of life in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2016; 16:30-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Arginine metabolism plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, largely via nitric oxide (NO)-dependent processes. It is becoming increasingly apparent, however, that arginine metabolic enzymes other than the NO synthases can also play important roles via both NO-dependent and -independent processes. There are three sources of arginine in vivo and at least five mammalian enzymes or enzyme families that utilize arginine as substrate. Changes in arginine availability or in production of the different end products of the various arginine metabolic pathways can have distinct and profound physiologic consequences. However, our knowledge regarding the complex interplay between these pathways at the level of the whole body, specific tissues, and even individual cells, is incomplete. This review will highlight recent findings in this area that may suggest additional avenues of investigation that will allow a fuller understanding of cardiovascular physiology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA,
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46
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Ananieva EA, Powell JD, Hutson SM. Leucine Metabolism in T Cell Activation: mTOR Signaling and Beyond. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:798S-805S. [PMID: 27422517 PMCID: PMC4942864 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In connection with the increasing interest in metabolic regulation of the immune response, this review discusses current advances in understanding the role of leucine and leucine metabolism in T lymphocyte (T cell) activation. T cell activation during the development of an immune response depends on metabolic reprogramming to ensure that sufficient nutrients and energy are taken up by the highly proliferating T cells. Leucine has been described as an important essential amino acid and a nutrient signal that activates complex 1 of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1), which is a critical regulator of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and function. The role of leucine in these processes is further discussed in relation to amino acid transporters, leucine-degrading enzymes, and other metabolites of leucine metabolism. A new model of T cell regulation by leucine is proposed and outlines a chain of events that leads to the activation of mTORC1 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsa A Ananieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA;
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Susan M Hutson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Lieboldt MA, Halle I, Frahm J, Schrader L, Weigend S, Preisinger R, Breves G, Dänicke S. Effects of Graded Dietary L-arginine Supply on Organ Growth in Four Genetically Diverse Layer Lines during Rearing Period. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:136-148. [PMID: 32908376 PMCID: PMC7477283 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Little information has been available about the influence of genetic background and dietary L-arginine (Arg) supply on organ growth of chickens. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of a graded ad libitum Arg supply providing 70, 100 and 200% of recommended Arg concentration on organ growth of female chickens from hatch to 18 weeks of age. The chickens derived from four layer lines of different phylogeny (white vs. brown) and laying performance (high vs. low). Based on residual feed and absolute body and organ weights recorded in six-week-intervals, feed consumption, changes of relative organ weights and allometric organ growth were compared between experimental groups. Surplus Arg caused higher feed intake than insufficient Arg (p<0.01) that induced growth depression in turn (p <0.05). During the entire trial chicken's heart, gizzard and liver decreased relatively to their body growth (p<0.001) and showed strong positive correlations among each other. On the contrary, proportions of pancreas and lymphoid organs increased until week 12 (p<0.001) and correlated positively among each other. Due to their opposite growth behaviour (p<0.001), internal organs were assigned to two separate groups. Furthermore, insufficient Arg induced larger proportions of bursa, gizzard and liver compared with a higher Arg supply (p<0.05). In contrast to less Arg containing diets, surplus Arg decreased relative spleen weights (p<0.01). The overall allometric evaluation of data indicated a precocious development of heart, liver, gizzard, pancreas and bursa independent of chicken's genetic and nutritional background. However, insufficient Arg retarded the maturation of spleen and thymus compared with an adequate Arg supply. In conclusion, the present results emphasised the essential function of Arg in layer performance, and indicated different sensitivities of internal organs rather to chicken's dietary Arg supply than to their genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Alexander Lieboldt
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Ingrid Halle
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Jana Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Lars Schrader
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Dörnbergstraße 25-27, Celle 29223, Germany
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Höltystraße 10, Neustadt-Mariensee 31535, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bischofsholer Damm 15, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Bundesallee 50, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
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48
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Morris CR. New strategies for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease : the rationale for arginine therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:31-45. [PMID: 16409014 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200605010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is inactivated in sickle cell disease (SCD), while bioavailability of arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, is diminished. Impaired NO bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction, and is a key factor in the pathophysiology of SCD. Inactivation of NO correlates with the hemolytic rate and is associated with erythrocyte release of cell-free hemoglobin and arginase during hemolysis. Accelerated consumption of NO is enhanced further by the inflammatory environment of oxidative stress that exists in SCD. Based upon its critical role in mediating vasodilation and cell growth, decreased NO bioavailability has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT). Secondary PHT is a common life-threatening complication of SCD that also occurs in most hereditary and chronic hemolytic disorders. Aberrant arginine metabolism contributes to endothelial dysfunction and PHT in SCD, and is strongly associated with prospective patient mortality. The central mechanism responsible for this metabolic disorder is enhanced arginine turnover, occurring secondary to enhanced plasma arginase activity. This is consistent with a growing appreciation of the role of excessive arginase activity in human diseases, including asthma and PHT. Decompartmentalization of hemoglobin into plasma consumes endothelial NO and thus drives a metabolic requirement for arginine, whose bioavailability is further limited by arginase activity. New treatments aimed at maximizing both arginine and NO bioavailability through arginase inhibition, suppression of hemolytic rate, or oral arginine supplementation may represent novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R Morris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, Oakland, California, USA
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49
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Ananieva E. Targeting amino acid metabolism in cancer growth and anti-tumor immune response. World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:281-289. [PMID: 26629311 PMCID: PMC4657121 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in amino acid metabolism have revealed that targeting amino acid metabolic enzymes in cancer therapy is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents. There are currently several drugs in clinical trials that specifically target amino acid metabolic pathways in tumor cells. In the context of the tumor microenvironment, however, tumor cells form metabolic relationships with immune cells, and they often compete for common nutrients. Many tumors evolved to escape immune surveillance by taking advantage of their metabolic flexibility and redirecting nutrients for their own advantage. This review outlines the most recent advances in targeting amino acid metabolic pathways in cancer therapy while giving consideration to the impact these pathways may have on the anti-tumor immune response.
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50
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Real-time functional characterization of cationic amino acid transporters using a new FRET sensor. Pflugers Arch 2015; 468:563-72. [PMID: 26555760 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that serves as precursor for the production of urea, nitric oxide (NO), polyamines, and other biologically important metabolites. Hence, a fast and reliable assessment of its intracellular concentration changes is highly desirable. Here, we report on a genetically encoded Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based arginine nanosensor that employs the arginine repressor/activator ahrC gene from Bacillus subtilis. This new nanosensor was expressed in HEK293T cells, and experiments with cell lysate showed that it binds L-arginine with high specificity and with a K d of ∼177 μM. Live imaging experiments showed that the nanosensor was expressed throughout the cytoplasm and displayed a half maximal FRET increase at an extracellular L-arginine concentration of ∼22 μM. By expressing the nanosensor together with SLC7A1, SLC7A2B, or SLC7A3 cationic amino acid transporters (CAT1-3), it was shown that L-arginine was imported at a similar rate via SLC7A1 and SLC7A2B and slower via SLC7A3. In contrast, upon withdrawal of extracellular L-arginine, intracellular levels decreased as fast in SLC7A3-expressing cells compared with SLC7A1, but the efflux was slower via SLC7A2B. SLC7A4 (CAT4) could not be convincingly shown to transport L-arginine. We also demonstrated the impact of membrane potential on L-arginine transport and showed that physiological concentrations of symmetrical and asymmetrical dimethylarginine do not significantly interfere with L-arginine transport through SLC7A1. Our results demonstrate that the FRET nanosensor can be used to assess L-arginine transport through plasma membrane in real time.
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