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Umapathy A, Clark A, Sehgal A, Karanam V, Rajaraman G, Kalionis B, Jones H, James J, Murthi P. Molecular regulators of defective placental and cardiovascular development in fetal growth restriction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:761-775. [PMID: 38904187 PMCID: PMC11193155 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Placental insufficiency is one of the major causes of fetal growth restriction (FGR), a significant pregnancy disorder in which the fetus fails to achieve its full growth potential in utero. As well as the acute consequences of being born too small, affected offspring are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases in later life. The placenta and heart develop concurrently, therefore placental maldevelopment and function in FGR may have profound effect on the growth and differentiation of many organ systems, including the heart. Hence, understanding the key molecular players that are synergistically linked in the development of the placenta and heart is critical. This review highlights the key growth factors, angiogenic molecules and transcription factors that are common causes of defective placental and cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Umapathy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys Clark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Sehgal
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia and Monash Newborn, Monash Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vijaya Karanam
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayathri Rajaraman
- First year college, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen N. Jones
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jo James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, Bioengineering Institute, New Zealand
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Baeza J, Coons BE, Lin Z, Riley J, Mendoza M, Peranteau WH, Garcia BA. In utero pulse injection of isotopic amino acids quantifies protein turnover rates during murine fetal development. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100713. [PMID: 38412836 PMCID: PMC10921036 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Protein translational control is critical for ensuring that the fetus develops correctly and that necessary organs and tissues are formed and functional. We developed an in utero method to quantify tissue-specific protein dynamics by monitoring amino acid incorporation into the proteome after pulse injection. Fetuses of pregnant mice were injected with isotopically labeled lysine and arginine via the vitelline vein at various embyonic days, and organs and tissues were harvested. By analyzing the nascent proteome, unique signatures of each tissue were identified by hierarchical clustering. In addition, the quantified proteome-wide turnover rates were calculated between 3.81E-5 and 0.424 h-1. We observed similar protein turnover profiles for analyzed organs (e.g., liver vs. brain); however, their distributions of turnover rates vary significantly. The translational kinetic profiles of developing organs displayed differentially expressed protein pathways and synthesis rates, which correlated with known physiological changes during mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Baeza
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barbara E Coons
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Riley
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William H Peranteau
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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3
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Shaikh Qureshi WM, Hentges KE. Functions of cilia in cardiac development and disease. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:4-26. [PMID: 37872827 PMCID: PMC10952336 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Errors in embryonic cardiac development are a leading cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs), including morphological abnormalities of the heart that are often detected after birth. In the past few decades, an emerging role for cilia in the pathogenesis of CHD has been identified, but this topic still largely remains an unexplored area. Mouse forward genetic screens and whole exome sequencing analysis of CHD patients have identified enrichment for de novo mutations in ciliary genes or non-ciliary genes, which regulate cilia-related pathways, linking cilia function to aberrant cardiac development. Key events in cardiac morphogenesis, including left-right asymmetric development of the heart, are dependent upon cilia function. Cilia dysfunction during left-right axis formation contributes to CHD as evidenced by the substantial proportion of heterotaxy patients displaying complex CHD. Cilia-transduced signaling also regulates later events during heart development such as cardiac valve formation, outflow tract septation, ventricle development, and atrioventricular septa formation. In this review, we summarize the role of motile and non-motile (primary cilia) in cardiac asymmetry establishment and later events during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh Qureshi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Kathryn E. Hentges
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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4
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Yamaguchi N, Chang EW, Lin Z, Shekhar A, Bu L, Khodadadi-Jamayran A, Tsirigos A, Cen Y, Phoon CKL, Moskowitz IP, Park DS. An Anterior Second Heart Field Enhancer Regulates the Gene Regulatory Network of the Cardiac Outflow Tract. Circulation 2023; 148:1705-1722. [PMID: 37772400 PMCID: PMC10905423 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conotruncal defects due to developmental abnormalities of the outflow tract (OFT) are an important cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease. Dysregulation of transcriptional programs tuned by NKX2-5 (NK2 homeobox 5), GATA6 (GATA binding protein 6), and TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1) have been implicated in abnormal OFT morphogenesis. However, there remains no consensus on how these transcriptional programs function in a unified gene regulatory network within the OFT. METHODS We generated mice harboring a 226-nucleotide deletion of a highly conserved cardiac enhancer containing 2 GATA-binding sites located ≈9.4 kb upstream of the transcription start site of Nkx2-5 (Nkx2-5∆enh) using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and assessed phenotypes. Cardiac defects in Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice were structurally characterized using histology and scanning electron microscopy, and physiologically assessed using electrocardiography, echocardiography, and optical mapping. Transcriptome analyses were performed using RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing data sets. Endogenous GATA6 interaction with and activity on the NKX2-5 enhancer was studied using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice recapitulated cyanotic conotruncal defects seen in patients with NKX2-5, GATA6, and TBX1 mutations. Nkx2-5∆enh/∆enh mice also exhibited defects in right Purkinje fiber network formation, resulting in right bundle-branch block. Enhancer deletion reduced embryonic Nkx2-5 expression selectively in the right ventricle and OFT of mutant hearts, indicating that enhancer activity is localized to the anterior second heart field. Transcriptional profiling of the mutant OFT revealed downregulation of important genes involved in OFT rotation and septation, such as Tbx1, Pitx2, and Sema3c. Endogenous GATA6 interacted with the highly conserved enhancer in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and in wild-type mouse hearts. We found critical dose dependency of cardiac enhancer accessibility on GATA6 gene dosage in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results using human and mouse models reveal an essential gene regulatory network of the OFT that requires an anterior second heart field enhancer to link GATA6 with NKX2-5-dependent rotation and septation gene programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Yamaguchi
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ernest W. Chang
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotechnology, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Lei Bu
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alireza Khodadadi-Jamayran
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- NYU Applied Bioinformatics Labs, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, TRB, New York, NY,10016, USA
| | - Yiyun Cen
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Colin K. L. Phoon
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, Fink Children’s Center, 160 East 32nd Street, 2nd floor/L-3, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ivan P. Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, 900 East 57th Street, KCBD Room 5102, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David S. Park
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building 723, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Zhou X, Dong K, Zhang S. Integrating spatial transcriptomics data across different conditions, technologies and developmental stages. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:894-906. [PMID: 38177758 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid generation of spatial transcriptomics (ST) data, integrative analysis of multiple ST datasets from different conditions, technologies and developmental stages is becoming increasingly important. Here we present a graph attention neural network called STAligner for integrating and aligning ST datasets, enabling spatially aware data integration, simultaneous spatial domain identification and downstream comparative analysis. We apply STAligner to ST datasets of the human cortex slices from different samples, the mouse olfactory bulb slices generated by two profiling technologies, the mouse hippocampus tissue slices under normal and Alzheimer's disease conditions, and the spatiotemporal atlases of mouse organogenesis. STAligner efficiently captures the shared tissue structures across different slices, the disease-related substructures and the dynamical changes during mouse embryonic development. In addition, the shared spatial domain and nearest-neighbor pairs identified by STAligner can be further considered as corresponding pairs to guide the three-dimensional reconstruction of consecutive slices, achieving more accurate local structure-guided registration than the existing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangning Dong
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- NCMIS, CEMS, RCSDS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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6
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Wang D, Wen X, Xu LL, Chen QX, Yan TX, Xiao HT, Xu XW. Nf1 in heart development: a potential causative gene for congenital heart disease: a narrative review. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:415-426. [PMID: 37519249 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most frequent congenital disorder, affecting a significant number of live births. Gaining insights into its genetic etiology could lead to a deeper understanding of this condition. Although the Nf1 gene has been identified as a potential causative gene, its role in congenital heart disease has not been thoroughly clarified. We searched and summarized evidence from cohort-based and experimental studies on the issue of Nf1 and heart development in congenital heart diseases from various databases. Available evidence demonstrates a correlation between Nf1 and congenital heart diseases, mainly pulmonary valvar stenosis. The mechanism underlying this correlation may involve dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The Nf1 gene affects the EMT process via multiple pathways, including directly regulating the expression of EMT-related transcription factors and indirectly regulating the EMT process by regulating the MAPK pathway. This narrative review provides a comprehensive account of the Nf1 involvement in heart development and congenital cardiovascular diseases in terms of epidemiology and potential mechanisms. RAS signaling may contribute to congenital heart disease independently or in cooperation with other signaling pathways. Efficient management of both NF1 and cardiovascular disease patients would benefit from further research into these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Xing Yan
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wen Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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7
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Liu N, Kawahira N, Nakashima Y, Nakano H, Iwase A, Uchijima Y, Wang M, Wu SM, Minamisawa S, Kurihara H, Nakano A. Notch and retinoic acid signals regulate macrophage formation from endocardium downstream of Nkx2-5. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5398. [PMID: 37669937 PMCID: PMC10480477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitors are enriched in the endocardial cushion and contribute, in a Nkx2-5-dependent manner, to tissue macrophages required for the remodeling of cardiac valves and septa. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of endocardial-hematopoietic transition. In the current study, we identified the regulatory network of endocardial hematopoiesis. Signal network analysis from scRNA-seq datasets revealed that genes in Notch and retinoic acid (RA) signaling are significantly downregulated in Nkx2-5-null endocardial cells. In vivo and ex vivo analyses validate that the Nkx2-5-Notch axis is essential for the generation of both hemogenic and cushion endocardial cells, and the suppression of RA signaling via Dhrs3 expression plays important roles in further differentiation into macrophages. Genetic ablation study revealed that these macrophages are essential in cardiac valve remodeling. In summary, the study demonstrates that the Nkx2-5/Notch/RA signaling plays a pivotal role in macrophage differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norika Liu
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Naofumi Kawahira
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Haruko Nakano
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mei Wang
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford University, Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- University of Tokyo, Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Department of Cell Physiology, Tokyo, Japan.
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Los Angeles, USA.
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
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8
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Chi C, Knight WE, Riching AS, Zhang Z, Tatavosian R, Zhuang Y, Moldovan R, Rachubinski AL, Gao D, Xu H, Espinosa JM, Song K. Interferon hyperactivity impairs cardiogenesis in Down syndrome via downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. iScience 2023; 26:107012. [PMID: 37360690 PMCID: PMC10285545 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are frequent in children with Down syndrome (DS), caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using a human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model and the Dp(16)1Yey/+ (Dp16) mouse model of DS, we identified downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling downstream of increased dosage of interferon (IFN) receptors (IFNRs) genes on chromosome 21 as a causative factor of cardiogenic dysregulation in DS. We differentiated human iPSCs derived from individuals with DS and CHDs, and healthy euploid controls into cardiac cells. We observed that T21 upregulates IFN signaling, downregulates the canonical WNT pathway, and impairs cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological normalization of IFN signaling restored canonical WNT signaling and rescued defects in cardiogenesis in DS in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms underlying abnormal cardiogenesis in DS, ultimately aiding the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Walter E. Knight
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew S. Riching
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Roubina Tatavosian
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yonghua Zhuang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Radu Moldovan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela L. Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University; Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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9
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Edwards W, Greco TM, Miner GE, Barker NK, Herring L, Cohen S, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Quantitative proteomic profiling identifies global protein network dynamics in murine embryonic heart development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1087-1105.e4. [PMID: 37148880 PMCID: PMC10330608 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that govern heart development is essential for identifying the etiology of congenital heart disease. Here, quantitative proteomics was used to measure temporal changes in the proteome at critical stages of murine embryonic heart development. Global temporal profiles of the over 7,300 proteins uncovered signature cardiac protein interaction networks that linked protein dynamics with molecular pathways. Using this integrated dataset, we identified and demonstrated a functional role for the mevalonate pathway in regulating the cell cycle of embryonic cardiomyocytes. Overall, our proteomic datasets are a resource for studying events that regulate embryonic heart development and contribute to congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Edwards
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gregory E Miner
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sarah Cohen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Frank L Conlon
- Department of Biology and Genetics, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599 USA.
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10
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O'Riordan CE, Trochet P, Steiner M, Fuchs D. Standardisation and future of preclinical echocardiography. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:123-155. [PMID: 37160810 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Echocardiography is a non-invasive imaging technique providing real-time information to assess the structure and function of the heart. Due to advancements in technology, ultra-high-frequency transducers have enabled the translation of ultrasound from humans to small animals due to resolutions down to 30 µm. Most studies are performed using mice and rats, with ages ranging from embryonic, to neonatal, and adult. In addition, alternative models such as zebrafish and chicken embryos are becoming more frequently used. With the achieved high temporal and spatial resolution in real-time, cardiac function can now be monitored throughout the lifespan of these small animals to investigate the origin and treatment of a range of acute and chronic pathological conditions. With the increased relevance of in vivo real-time imaging, there is still an unmet need for the standardisation of small animal echocardiography and the appropriate cardiac measurements that should be reported in preclinical cardiac models. This review focuses on the development of standardisation in preclinical echocardiography and reports appropriate cardiac measurements throughout the lifespan of rodents: embryonic, neonatal, ageing, and acute and chronic pathologies. Lastly, we will discuss the future of cardiac preclinical ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dieter Fuchs
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Inc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Baeza J, Coons BE, Lin Z, Riley J, Mendoza M, Peranteau WH, Garcia BA. In utero pulse injection of isotopic amino acids quantifies protein turnover rates during murine fetal development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.541242. [PMID: 37293076 PMCID: PMC10245746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein translational control is highly regulated step in the gene expression program during mammalian development that is critical for ensuring that the fetus develops correctly and that all of the necessary organs and tissues are formed and functional. Defects in protein expression during fetal development can lead to severe developmental abnormalities or premature death. Currently, quantitative techniques to monitor protein synthesis rates in a developing fetus (in utero) are limited. Here, we developed a novel in utero stable isotope labeling approach to quantify tissue-specific protein dynamics of the nascent proteome during mouse fetal development. Fetuses of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were injected with isotopically labeled lysine (Lys8) and arginine (Arg10) via the vitelline vein at various gestational days. After treatment, fetal organs/tissues including brain, liver, lung, and heart were harvested for sample preparation and proteomic analysis. We show that the mean incorporation rate for injected amino acids into all organs was 17.50 ± 0.6%. By analyzing the nascent proteome, unique signatures of each tissue were identified by hierarchical clustering. In addition, the quantified proteome-wide turnover rates (kobs) were calculated between 3.81E-5 and 0.424 hour-1. We observed similar protein turnover profiles for analyzed organs (e.g., liver versus brain), however, their distributions of turnover rates vary significantly. The translational kinetic profiles of developing organs displayed differentially expressed protein pathways and synthesis rates which correlated with known physiological changes during mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Baeza
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Barbara E. Coons
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Zongtao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - John Riley
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mariel Mendoza
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - William H. Peranteau
- The Center for Fetal Research, Division of Pediatric General, Thoracis and Fetal Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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12
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Yang YS, Liu MH, Yan ZW, Chen GQ, Huang Y. FAM122A Is Required for Mesendodermal and Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2023; 41:354-367. [PMID: 36715298 PMCID: PMC10498146 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation are key issues for developmental biology and heart regeneration medicine. Previously, we demonstrated that FAM122A, a highly conserved housekeeping gene, is an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and participates in multifaceted physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo function of FAM122A is largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Fam122 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality with severe defects of cardiovascular developments and significantly attenuated cardiac functions in conditional cardiac-specific knockout mice. More importantly, Fam122a deficiency impaired mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells but showed no influence on pluripotent identity. Mechanical investigation revealed that the impaired differentiation potential was caused by the dysregulation of histone modification and Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways through modulation of PP2A activity. These findings suggest that FAM122A is a novel and critical regulator in mesendodermal specification and cardiac differentiation. This research not only significantly extends our understanding of the regulatory network of mesendodermal/cardiac differentiation but also proposes the potential significance of FAM122A in cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Wen Yan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU043, Stress and Tumor), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Radford BN, Zhao X, Glazer T, Eaton M, Blackwell D, Mohammad S, Lo Vercio LD, Devine J, Shalom-Barak T, Hallgrimsson B, Cross JC, Sucov HM, Barak Y, Dean W, Hemberger M. Defects in placental syncytiotrophoblast cells are a common cause of developmental heart disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1174. [PMID: 36859534 PMCID: PMC9978031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental abnormalities have been sporadically implicated as a source of developmental heart defects. Yet it remains unknown how often the placenta is at the root of congenital heart defects (CHDs), and what the cellular mechanisms are that underpin this connection. Here, we selected three mouse mutant lines, Atp11a, Smg9 and Ssr2, that presented with placental and heart defects in a recent phenotyping screen, resulting in embryonic lethality. To dissect phenotype causality, we generated embryo- and trophoblast-specific conditional knockouts for each of these lines. This was facilitated by the establishment of a new transgenic mouse, Sox2-Flp, that enables the efficient generation of trophoblast-specific conditional knockouts. We demonstrate a strictly trophoblast-driven cause of the CHD and embryonic lethality in one of the three lines (Atp11a) and a significant contribution of the placenta to the embryonic phenotypes in another line (Smg9). Importantly, our data reveal defects in the maternal blood-facing syncytiotrophoblast layer as a shared pathology in placentally induced CHD models. This study highlights the placenta as a significant source of developmental heart disorders, insights that will transform our understanding of the vast number of unexplained congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany N Radford
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tali Glazer
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Malcolm Eaton
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Danielle Blackwell
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lucas Daniel Lo Vercio
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jay Devine
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tali Shalom-Barak
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - James C Cross
- Dept. of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Dept. of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Division of Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29403, USA
| | - Yaacov Barak
- Magee-Women's Research Institute, Dept. of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 204 Craft Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Wendy Dean
- Dept. of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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14
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Dorninger F, Kiss A, Rothauer P, Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff A, Kummer S, Fallatah W, Perera-Gonzalez M, Hamza O, König T, Bober MB, Cavallé-Garrido T, Braverman NE, Forss-Petter S, Pifl C, Bauer J, Bittner RE, Helbich TH, Podesser BK, Todt H, Berger J. Overlapping and Distinct Features of Cardiac Pathology in Inherited Human and Murine Ether Lipid Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1884. [PMID: 36768204 PMCID: PMC9914995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited deficiency in ether lipids, a subgroup of glycerophospholipids with unique biochemical and biophysical properties, evokes severe symptoms in humans resulting in a multi-organ syndrome. Mouse models with defects in ether lipid biosynthesis have widely been used to understand the pathophysiology of human disease and to study the roles of ether lipids in various cell types and tissues. However, little is known about the function of these lipids in cardiac tissue. Previous studies included case reports of cardiac defects in ether-lipid-deficient patients, but a systematic analysis of the impact of ether lipid deficiency on the mammalian heart is still missing. Here, we utilize a mouse model of complete ether lipid deficiency (Gnpat KO) to accomplish this task. Similar to a subgroup of human patients with rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (RCDP), a fraction of Gnpat KO fetuses present with defects in ventricular septation, presumably evoked by a developmental delay. We did not detect any signs of cardiomyopathy but identified increased left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure in middle-aged ether-lipid-deficient mice. By comprehensive electrocardiographic characterization, we consistently found reduced ventricular conduction velocity, as indicated by a prolonged QRS complex, as well as increased QRS and QT dispersion in the Gnpat KO group. Furthermore, a shift of the Wenckebach point to longer cycle lengths indicated depressed atrioventricular nodal function. To complement our findings in mice, we analyzed medical records and performed electrocardiography in ether-lipid-deficient human patients, which, in contrast to the murine phenotype, indicated a trend towards shortened QT intervals. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the cardiac phenotype upon ether lipid deficiency is highly heterogeneous, and although the manifestations in the mouse model only partially match the abnormalities in human patients, the results add to our understanding of the physiological role of ether lipids and emphasize their importance for proper cardiac development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rothauer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Stiglbauer-Tscholakoff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kummer
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wedad Fallatah
- Department of Genetic Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mireia Perera-Gonzalez
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ouafa Hamza
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B. Bober
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Nemours Children’s Hospital, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Tiscar Cavallé-Garrido
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nancy E. Braverman
- Department of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University, 1001 Décarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Bauer
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reginald E. Bittner
- Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H. Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Todt
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Abstract
Establishment of the hemochorial uterine-placental interface requires exodus of trophoblast cells from the placenta and their transformative actions on the uterus, which represent processes critical for a successful pregnancy, but are poorly understood. We examined the involvement of CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl-terminal domain 2 (CITED2) in rat and human trophoblast cell development. The rat and human exhibit deep hemochorial placentation. CITED2 was distinctively expressed in the junctional zone (JZ) and invasive trophoblast cells of the rat. Homozygous Cited2 gene deletion resulted in placental and fetal growth restriction. Small Cited2 null placentas were characterized by disruptions in the JZ, delays in intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion, and compromised plasticity. In the human placentation site, CITED2 was uniquely expressed in the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell column and importantly contributed to the development of the EVT cell lineage. We conclude that CITED2 is a conserved regulator of deep hemochorial placentation.
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16
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Chang S, Fulmer D, Hur SK, Thorvaldsen JL, Li L, Lan Y, Rhon-Calderon EA, Leu NA, Chen X, Epstein JA, Bartolomei MS. Dysregulated H19/Igf2 expression disrupts cardiac-placental axis during development of Silver-Russell syndrome-like mouse models. eLife 2022; 11:e78754. [PMID: 36441651 PMCID: PMC9704805 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the imprinted H19/IGF2 locus can lead to Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) in humans. However, the mechanism of how abnormal H19/IGF2 expression contributes to various SRS phenotypes remains unclear, largely due to incomplete understanding of the developmental functions of these two genes. We previously generated a mouse model with humanized H19/IGF2 imprinting control region (hIC1) on the paternal allele that exhibited H19/Igf2 dysregulation together with SRS-like growth restriction and perinatal lethality. Here, we dissect the role of H19 and Igf2 in cardiac and placental development utilizing multiple mouse models with varying levels of H19 and Igf2. We report severe cardiac defects such as ventricular septal defects and thinned myocardium, placental anomalies including thrombosis and vascular malformations, together with growth restriction in mouse embryos that correlated with the extent of H19/Igf2 dysregulation. Transcriptomic analysis using cardiac endothelial cells of these mouse models shows that H19/Igf2 dysregulation disrupts pathways related to extracellular matrix and proliferation of endothelial cells. Our work links the heart and placenta through regulation by H19 and Igf2, demonstrating that accurate dosage of both H19 and Igf2 is critical for normal embryonic development, especially related to the cardiac-placental axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Chang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Stella K Hur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Joanne L Thorvaldsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yemin Lan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Eric A Rhon-Calderon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nicolae Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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17
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Garcia-Canadilla P, Mohun TJ, Bijnens B, Cook AC. Detailed quantification of cardiac ventricular myocardial architecture in the embryonic and fetal mouse heart by application of structure tensor analysis to high resolution episcopic microscopic data. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000684. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heart, which is one of the first organs to form and function during embryogenesis, develops from a simple tube into a complex organ able to efficiently pump blood towards the rest of the body. The progressive growth of the compact myocardium during embryonic development is accompanied by changes in its structural complexity and organisation. However, how myocardial myoarchitecture develops during embryogenesis remain poorly understood. To date, analysis of heart development has focused mainly on qualitative descriptions using selected 2D histological sections. High resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) is a novel microscopic imaging technique that enables to obtain high-resolution three-dimensional images of the heart and perform detailed quantitative analyses of heart development. In this work, we performed a detailed characterization of the development of myocardial architecture in wildtype mice, from E14.5 to E18.5, by means of structure tensor analysis applied to HREM images of the heart. Our results shows that even at E14.5, myocytes are already aligned, showing a gradual change in their helical angle from positive angulation in the endocardium towards negative angulation in the epicardium. Moreover, there is gradual increase in the degree of myocardial organisation concomitant with myocardial growth. However, the development of the myoarchitecture is heterogeneous showing regional differences between ventricles, ventricular walls as well as between myocardial layers, with different growth patterning between the endocardium and epicardium. We also found that the percentage of circumferentially arranged myocytes within the LV significantly increases with gestational age. Finally, we found that fractional anisotropy (FA) within the LV gradually increases with gestational age, while the FA within RV remains unchanged.
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18
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Single-cell transcriptomic profiling unveils dysregulation of cardiac progenitor cells and cardiomyocytes in a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:820. [PMID: 35970860 PMCID: PMC9378651 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect, often linked to genetic variations, environmental exposures, or combination of both. Epidemiological studies reveal that maternal pregestational diabetes is associated with ~5-fold higher risk of CHD in the offspring; however, the causal mechanisms affecting cardiac gene-regulatory-network (GRN) during early embryonic development remain poorly understood. In this study, we utilize an established murine model of pregestational diabetes to uncover the transcriptional responses in key cell-types of the developing heart exposed to maternal hyperglycemia (matHG). Here we show that matHG elicits diverse cellular responses in E9.5 and E11.5 embryonic hearts compared to non-diabetic hearts by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Through differential-gene-expression and cellular trajectory analyses, we identify perturbations in genes, predominantly affecting Isl1+ second heart field progenitors and Tnnt2+ cardiomyocytes with matHG. Using cell-fate mapping analysis in Isl1-lineage descendants, we demonstrate that matHG impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation and alters the expression of lineage-specifying cardiac genes. Finally, our work reveals matHG-mediated transcriptional changes in second heart field lineage that elevate CHD risk by perturbing Isl1-GRN during cardiomyocyte differentiation. Gene-environment interaction studies targeting the Isl1-GRN in cardiac progenitor cells will have a broader impact on understanding the mechanisms of matHG-induced risk of CHD associated with diabetic pregnancies. ScRNA-seq of embryonic heart tissues from a mouse model of maternal hyperglycemia (matHG) provides further insight into how matHG disrupts heart development and perturbs second heart field derived cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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19
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Mahmoud M, Evans I, Wisniewski L, Tam Y, Walsh C, Walker-Samuel S, Frankel P, Scambler P, Zachary I. Bcar1/p130Cas is essential for ventricular development and neural crest cell remodelling of the cardiac outflow tract. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1993-2005. [PMID: 34270692 PMCID: PMC9239580 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The adapter protein p130Cas, encoded by the Bcar1 gene, is a key regulator of cell movement, adhesion, and cell cycle control in diverse cell types. Bcar1 constitutive knockout mice are embryonic lethal by embryonic days (E) 11.5-12.5, but the role of Bcar1 in embryonic development remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Bcar1 specifically in cardiovascular development and defined the cellular and molecular mechanisms disrupted following targeted Bcar1 deletions. METHODS AND RESULTS We crossed Bcar1 floxed mice with Cre transgenic lines allowing for cell-specific knockout either in smooth muscle and early cardiac tissues (SM22-Cre), mature smooth muscle cells (smMHC-Cre), endothelial cells (Tie2-Cre), second heart field cells (Mef2c-Cre), or neural crest cells (NCC) (Pax3-Cre) and characterized these conditional knock outs using a combination of histological and molecular biology techniques. Conditional knockout of Bcar1 in SM22-expressing smooth muscle cells and cardiac tissues (Bcar1SM22KO) was embryonically lethal from E14.5-15.5 due to severe cardiovascular defects, including abnormal ventricular development and failure of outflow tract (OFT) septation leading to a single outflow vessel reminiscent of persistent truncus arteriosus. SM22-restricted loss of Bcar1 was associated with failure of OFT cushion cells to undergo differentiation to septal mesenchymal cells positive for SMC-specific α-actin, and disrupted expression of proteins and transcription factors involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Furthermore, knockout of Bcar1 specifically in NCC (Bcar1PAX3KO) recapitulated part of the OFT septation and aortic sac defects seen in the Bcar1SM22KO mutants, indicating a cell-specific requirement for Bcar1 in NCC essential for OFT septation. In contrast, conditional knockouts of Bcar1 in differentiated smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and second heart field cells survived to term and were phenotypically normal at birth and postnatally. CONCLUSION Our work reveals a cell-specific requirement for Bcar1 in NCC, early myogenic and cardiac cells, essential for OFT septation, myocardialization and EMT/cell cycle regulation and differentiation to myogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, BHF Laboratories, UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, BHF Laboratories, UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, BHF Laboratories, UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Yuen Tam
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, BHF Laboratories, UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Claire Walsh
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Paul Frankel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Peter Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects Section, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ian Zachary
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, BHF Laboratories, UCL Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Astro V, Ramirez-Calderon G, Pennucci R, Caroli J, Saera-Vila A, Cardona-Londoño K, Forastieri C, Fiacco E, Maksoud F, Alowaysi M, Sogne E, Andrea Falqui, Gonzàlez F, Montserrat N, Battaglioli E, Andrea Mattevi, Adamo A. Fine-tuned KDM1A alternative splicing regulates human cardiomyogenesis through an enzymatic-independent mechanism. iScience 2022; 25:104665. [PMID: 35856020 PMCID: PMC9287196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase KDM1A is a multi-faceted regulator of vital developmental processes, including mesodermal and cardiac tube formation during gastrulation. However, it is unknown whether the fine-tuning of KDM1A splicing isoforms, already shown to regulate neuronal maturation, is crucial for the specification and maintenance of cell identity during cardiogenesis. Here, we discovered a temporal modulation of ubKDM1A and KDM1A+2a during human and mice fetal cardiac development and evaluated their impact on the regulation of cardiac differentiation. We revealed a severely impaired cardiac differentiation in KDM1A−/− hESCs that can be rescued by re-expressing ubKDM1A or catalytically impaired ubKDM1A-K661A, but not by KDM1A+2a or KDM1A+2a-K661A. Conversely, KDM1A+2a−/− hESCs give rise to functional cardiac cells, displaying increased beating amplitude and frequency and enhanced expression of critical cardiogenic markers. Our findings prove the existence of a divergent scaffolding role of KDM1A splice variants, independent of their enzymatic activity, during hESC differentiation into cardiac cells. ubKDM1A and KDM1A+2a isoforms are fine-tuned during fetal cardiac development Depletion of KDM1A isoforms impairs hESC differentiation into cardiac cells KDM1A+2a ablation enhances the expression of key cardiac markers KDM1A isoforms exhibit enzymatic-independent divergent roles during cardiogenesis
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21
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Zhao C, Cai Z. Three-dimensional quantitative mass spectrometry imaging in complex system: From subcellular to whole organism. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:469-487. [PMID: 33300181 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has been applied for label-free three-dimensional (3D) imaging from position array across the whole organism, which provides high-dimensional quantitative data of inorganic or organic compounds that may play an important role in the regulation of cellular signaling, including metals, metabolites, lipids, drugs, peptides, and proteins. While MSI is suitable for investigation of the spatial distribution of molecules, it has a limitation with visualization and quantification of multiple molecules. 3D-MSI, however, can be applied toward exploring metabolic pathway as well as the interactions of lipid-protein, protein-protein, and metal-protein in complex systems from subcellular to the whole organism through an untargeted methodology. In this review, we highlight the methods and applications of MS-based 3D imaging to address the complexity of molecular interaction from nano- to micrometer lateral resolution, with particular focus on: (a) common and hybrid 3D-MSI techniques; (b) quantitative MSI methodology, including the methods using a stable isotope labeling internal standard (SILIS) and SILIS-free approaches with tissue extinction coefficient or virtual calibration; (c) reconstruction of the 3D organ; (d) application of 3D-MSI for biomarker screening and environmental toxicological research. 3D-MSI quantitative analysis provides accurate spatial information and quantitative variation of biomolecules, which may be valuable for the exploration of the molecular mechanism of the disease progresses and toxicological assessment of environmental pollutants in the whole organism. Additionally, we also discuss the challenges and perspectives on the future of 3D quantitative MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Genetically modified mice for research on human diseases: A triumph for Biotechnology or a work in progress? THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetically modified mice are engineered as models for human diseases. These mouse models include inbred strains, mutants, gene knockouts, gene knockins, and ‘humanized’ mice. Each mouse model is engineered to mimic a specific disease based on a theory of the genetic basis of that disease. For example, to test the amyloid theory of Alzheimer’s disease, mice with amyloid precursor protein genes are engineered, and to test the tau theory, mice with tau genes are engineered. This paper discusses the importance of mouse models in basic research, drug discovery, and translational research, and examines the question of how to define the “best” mouse model of a disease. The critiques of animal models and the caveats in translating the results from animal models to the treatment of human disease are discussed. Since many diseases are heritable, multigenic, age-related and experience-dependent, resulting from multiple gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, it will be essential to develop mouse models that reflect these genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors from a developmental perspective. Such models would provide further insight into disease emergence, progression and the ability to model two-hit and multi-hit theories of disease. The summary examines the biotechnology for creating genetically modified mice which reflect these factors and how they might be used to discover new treatments for complex human diseases such as cancers, neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases.
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23
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Abe S, Murashima A, Kimura E, Ema M, Hitomi J. Early development of the pulmonary vascular system: An anatomical and histochemical reinvestigation of the pulmonary venous return development in mice. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151840. [PMID: 35042002 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary venous return development establishes the fetal circulation and is critical for the formation of pulmonary circulation independent of systemic circulation at birth. Anomalous returns lead to inappropriate drainage of blood flow, sometimes resulting in neonatal cyanosis and cardiac failure. While many classical studies have discussed the anatomical features of the pulmonary venous system development, the cellular dynamics of the endothelia based on the molecular marker expression remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression of several endothelial markers during early pulmonary vascular system development of murine embryos. We show that Endomucin and CD31 are expressed early in endothelial cells of the splanchnic plexus, which is the precursor of the pulmonary vascular system. Three-dimensional analyses of the expression patterns revealed the spatiotemporal modification of the venous returns to systemic venous systems or sinoatrial canal during the formation of the pulmonary plexus. We herein report the results of spatiotemporal analyses of the early pulmonary venous system development with histochemistry as well as a delineation of the anatomical features of the tentative drainage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Abe
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 0283694, Japan.
| | - Aki Murashima
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 0283694, Japan.
| | - Eiji Kimura
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 0283694, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 5202192, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 0283694, Japan
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24
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Qiu Q, Huang Y, Zhang B, Huang D, Chen X, Fan Z, Lin J, Yang W, Wang K, Qu N, Li J, Li Z, Huang J, Li S, Zhang J, Liu G, Rui G, Chen X, Zhao Q. Noninvasive Dual-Modality Photoacoustic-Ultrasonic Imaging to Detect Mammalian Embryo Abnormalities after Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury Chloride (MMC): A Mouse Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:27002. [PMID: 35108087 PMCID: PMC8809665 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe environmental pollution and contaminants left in the environment due to the abuse of chemicals, such as methylmercury, are associated with an increasing number of embryonic disorders. Ultrasound imaging has been widely used to investigate embryonic development malformation and dysorganoplasia in both research and clinics. However, this technique is limited by its low contrast and lacking functional parameters such as the ability to measure blood oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) and hemoglobin content (HbT) in tissues, measures that could be early vital indicators for embryonic development abnormality. Herein, we proposed combining two highly complementary techniques into a photoacoustic-ultrasound (PA-US) dual-modality imaging approach to noninvasively detect early mouse embryo abnormalities caused by methylmercury chloride (MMC) in real time. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the use of PA-US dual-modality imaging for noninvasive detection of embryonic toxicity at different stages of growth following prenatal MMC exposure. Additionally, we compared the PA-US imagining results to traditional histological methods to determine whether this noninvasive method could detect early developmental defects in utero. METHODS Different dosages of MMC were administrated to pregnant mice by gavage to establish models of different levels of embryonic malformation. Ultrasound, photoacoustic signal intensity (PSI), blood oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ), and hemoglobin content (HbT) were quantified in all experimental groups. Furthermore, the embryos were sectioned and examined for pathological changes. RESULTS Using PA-US imaging, we detected differences in PSI, SaO 2 , HbT, and heart volume at embryonic day (E)14.5 and E11.5 for low and high dosages of MMC, respectively. More important, our results showed that differences between control and treated embryos identified by in utero PA-US imaging were consistent with those identified in ex vivo embryos using histological methods. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that noninvasive dual-modality PA-US is a promising strategy for detecting developmental toxicology in the uterus. Overall, this study presents a new approach for detecting embryonic toxicities, which could be crucial in clinics when diagnosing aberrant embryonic development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yali Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinpei Lin
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Department, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Department of Pathology Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shenrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gang Rui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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25
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Qiao L, Dho SH, Kim JY, Kim LK. SEPHS1 is dispensable for pluripotency maintenance but indispensable for cardiac differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 590:125-131. [PMID: 34974300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of developing blastocysts, which have self-renewal ability and have the potential to develop or reconstitute into all embryonic lineages. Selenophosphate synthetase 1 (SEPHS1) is an essential protein in mouse early embryo development. However, the role of SEPHS1 in mouse ESCs remains to be elucidated. In this study, we generated Sephs1 KO ESCs and found that deficiency of SEPSH1 has little effect on pluripotency maintenance and proliferation. Notably, SEPHS1 deficiency impaired differentiation into three germ layers and gastruloid aggregation in vitro. RNA-seq analysis showed SEPHS1 is involved in cardiogenesis, verified by no beating signal in Sephs1 KO embryoid body at d10 and low expression of cardiac-related and contraction markers. Taken together, our results suggest that SPEHS1 is dispensable in ESC self-renewal, but indispensable in subsequent germ layer differentiation especially for functional cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qiao
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So Hee Dho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, South Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, South Korea.
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26
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Cooper TK, Meyerholz DK, Beck AP, Delaney MA, Piersigilli A, Southard TL, Brayton CF. Research-Relevant Conditions and Pathology of Laboratory Mice, Rats, Gerbils, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Naked Mole Rats, and Rabbits. ILAR J 2022; 62:77-132. [PMID: 34979559 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals are valuable resources in biomedical research in investigations of biological processes, disease pathogenesis, therapeutic interventions, safety, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Interpretation of data from animals requires knowledge not only of the processes or diseases (pathophysiology) under study but also recognition of spontaneous conditions and background lesions (pathology) that can influence or confound the study results. Species, strain/stock, sex, age, anatomy, physiology, spontaneous diseases (noninfectious and infectious), and neoplasia impact experimental results and interpretation as well as animal welfare. This review and the references selected aim to provide a pathology resource for researchers, pathologists, and veterinary personnel who strive to achieve research rigor and validity and must understand the spectrum of "normal" and expected conditions to accurately identify research-relevant experimental phenotypes as well as unusual illness, pathology, or other conditions that can compromise studies involving laboratory mice, rats, gerbils, guinea pigs, hamsters, naked mole rats, and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Department of Pathology, Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology and the Genetically Modified Animal Phenotyping Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Teresa L Southard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cory F Brayton
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Rahman A, DeYoung T, Cahill LS, Yee Y, Debebe SK, Botelho O, Seed M, Chaturvedi RR, Sled JG. A mouse model of hypoplastic left heart syndrome demonstrating left heart hypoplasia and retrograde aortic arch flow. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049077. [PMID: 34514502 PMCID: PMC8592017 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), the mechanisms leading to left heart hypoplasia and their associated fetal abnormalities are largely unknown. Current animal models have limited utility in resolving these questions as they either do not fully reproduce the cardiac phenotype, do not survive to term and/or have very low disease penetrance. Here, we report the development of a surgically induced mouse model of HLHS that overcomes these limitations. Briefly, we microinjected the fetal left atrium of embryonic day (E)14.5 mice with an embolizing agent under high-frequency ultrasound guidance, which partially blocks blood flow into the left heart and induces hypoplasia. At term (E18.5), all positively embolized mice exhibit retrograde aortic arch flow, non-apex-forming left ventricles and hypoplastic ascending aortas. We thus report the development of the first mouse model of isolated HLHS with a fully penetrant cardiac phenotype and survival to term. Our method allows for the interrogation of previously intractable questions, such as determining the mechanisms of cardiac hypoplasia and fetal abnormalities observed in HLHS, as well as testing of mechanism-based therapies, which are urgently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Rahman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taylor DeYoung
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yohan Yee
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sarah K. Debebe
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Owen Botelho
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Rajiv R. Chaturvedi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - John G. Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1E2, Canada
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28
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Elmore SA. Prenatal Evaluations: A Prologue to Postnatal Pathology Interpretations. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1425-1436. [PMID: 34652981 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211046540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are commonly used to investigate the developmental basis of human birth defects. Such models may be used for safety assessment studies designed to reveal xenobiotic-related alterations in juvenile animals, or to investigate gene function or generate models of human disease, as with transgenics. Therefore, the evaluation of rodent embryos and placentas can be used to provide insight into various postnatal abnormalities such as structural or cellular abnormalities and early death. Depending on the defect, pups may be born dead, survive for only a short period of time, survive but with poor growth, or survive and be clinically normal. Mice are generally used to generate genetic alterations that can help in identifying genes involved in embryogenesis. Rats are more commonly used for toxicology studies. This article aims to share information on the importance of, and strategies for, mouse embryo, placenta, and metrial gland evaluations. Information on early postnatal development is also provided as well as select examples of developmental information on organ systems needed for postnatal evaluations. A list of additional studies that can aid in the evaluation of prenatal and postnatal phenotypes is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, 6857NIEHS, Comparative and Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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29
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Beckert V, Rassmann S, Kayvanjoo AH, Klausen C, Bonaguro L, Botermann DS, Krause M, Moreth K, Spielmann N, da Silva-Buttkus P, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, de Angelis MH, Händler K, Ulas T, Aschenbrenner AC, Mass E, Wachten D. Creld1 regulates myocardial development and function. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:45-56. [PMID: 33773996 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CRELD1 (Cysteine-Rich with EGF-Like Domains 1) is a risk gene for non-syndromic atrioventricular septal defects in human patients. In a mouse model, Creld1 has been shown to be essential for heart development, particularly in septum and valve formation. However, due to the embryonic lethality of global Creld1 knockout (KO) mice, its cell type-specific function during peri- and postnatal stages remains unknown. Here, we generated conditional Creld1 KO mice lacking Creld1 either in the endocardium (KOTie2) or the myocardium (KOMyHC). Using a combination of cardiac phenotyping, histology, immunohistochemistry, RNA-sequencing, and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that Creld1 function in the endocardium is dispensable for heart development. Lack of myocardial Creld1 causes extracellular matrix remodeling and trabeculation defects by modulation of the Notch1 signaling pathway. Hence, KOMyHC mice die early postnatally due to myocardial hypoplasia. Our results reveal that Creld1 not only controls the formation of septa and valves at an early stage during heart development, but also cardiac maturation and function at a later stage. These findings underline the central role of Creld1 in mammalian heart development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Beckert
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rassmann
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amir Hossein Kayvanjoo
- Life & Medical Institute (LIMES), Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Klausen
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Bonaguro
- Life & Medical Institute (LIMES), Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Simon Botermann
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Krause
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ulas
- Life & Medical Institute (LIMES), Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the DZNE and the University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Life & Medical Institute (LIMES), Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elvira Mass
- Life & Medical Institute (LIMES), Developmental Biology of the Immune System, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Regulatory Light Chains in Cardiac Development and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094351. [PMID: 33919432 PMCID: PMC8122660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of regulatory light chains (RLCs) in cardiac muscle function has been elucidated progressively over the past decade. The RLCs are among the earliest expressed markers during cardiogenesis and persist through adulthood. Failing hearts have shown reduced RLC phosphorylation levels and that restoring baseline levels of RLC phosphorylation is necessary for generating optimal force of muscle contraction. The signalling mechanisms triggering changes in RLC phosphorylation levels during disease progression remain elusive. Uncovering this information may provide insights for better management of heart failure patients. Given the cardiac chamber-specific expression of RLC isoforms, ventricular RLCs have facilitated the identification of mature ventricular cardiomyocytes, opening up possibilities of regenerative medicine. This review consolidates the standing of RLCs in cardiac development and disease and highlights knowledge gaps and potential therapeutic advancements in targeting RLCs.
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Romanowicz J, Guerrelli D, Dhari Z, Mulvany C, Reilly M, Swift L, Vasandani N, Ramadan M, Leatherbury L, Ishibashi N, Posnack NG. Chronic perinatal hypoxia delays cardiac maturation in a mouse model for cyanotic congenital heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1873-H1886. [PMID: 33739154 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00870.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared with acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), cyanotic CHD has an increased risk of lifelong mortality and morbidity. These adverse outcomes may be attributed to delayed cardiomyocyte maturation, since the transition from a hypoxic fetal milieu to oxygen-rich postnatal environment is disrupted. We established a rodent model to replicate hypoxic myocardial conditions spanning perinatal development, and tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia impairs cardiac development. Pregnant mice were housed in hypoxia beginning at embryonic day 16. Pups stayed in hypoxia until postnatal day (P)8 when cardiac development is nearly complete. Global gene expression was quantified at P8 and at P30, after recovering in normoxia. Phenotypic testing included electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and ex vivo electrophysiology study. Hypoxic P8 animals were 47% smaller than controls with preserved heart size. Gene expression was grossly altered by hypoxia at P8 (1,427 genes affected), but normalized after recovery (P30). Electrocardiograms revealed bradycardia and slowed conduction velocity in hypoxic animals at P8, with noticeable resolution after recovery (P30). Notable differences that persisted after recovery (P30) included a 65% prolongation in ventricular effective refractory period, sinus node dysfunction, 23% reduction in ejection fraction, and 16% reduction in fractional shortening in animals exposed to hypoxia. We investigated the impact of chronic hypoxia on the developing heart. Perinatal hypoxia was associated with changes in gene expression and cardiac function. Persistent changes to the electrophysiological substrate and contractile function warrant further investigation and may contribute to adverse outcomes observed in the cyanotic CHD population.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We utilized a new mouse model of chronic perinatal hypoxia to simulate the hypoxic myocardial conditions present in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Hypoxia caused numerous abnormalities in cardiomyocyte gene expression, the electrophysiologic substrate of the heart, and contractile function. Taken together, alterations observed in the neonatal period suggest delayed cardiac development immediately following hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Romanowicz
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Devon Guerrelli
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Zaenab Dhari
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Colm Mulvany
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marissa Reilly
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Luther Swift
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nimisha Vasandani
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Manelle Ramadan
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Linda Leatherbury
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia.,Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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32
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Phosphodiesterases Expression during Murine Cardiac Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052593. [PMID: 33807511 PMCID: PMC7961729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′ cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a large family of enzymes playing a fundamental role in the control of intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Emerging evidence suggested an important role of phosphodiesterases in heart formation, but little is known about the expression of phosphodiesterases during cardiac development. In the present study, the pattern of expression and enzymatic activity of phosphodiesterases was investigated at different stages of heart formation. C57BL/6 mice were mated and embryos were collected from 14.5 to 18.5 days of development. Data obtained by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that seven different isoforms are expressed during heart development, and PDE1C, PDE2A, PDE4D, PDE5A and PDE8A are modulated from E14.5 to E18.5. In heart homogenates, the total cAMP and cGMP hydrolytic activity is constant at the evaluated times, and PDE4 accounts for the majority of the cAMP hydrolyzing ability and PDE2A accounts for cGMP hydrolysis. This study showed that a subset of PDEs is expressed in developing mice heart and some of them are modulated to maintain constant nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in embryonic and fetal heart.
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Young DM, Fazel Darbandi S, Schwartz G, Bonzell Z, Yuruk D, Nojima M, Gole LC, Rubenstein JL, Yu W, Sanders SJ. Constructing and optimizing 3D atlases from 2D data with application to the developing mouse brain. eLife 2021; 10:61408. [PMID: 33570495 PMCID: PMC7994002 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3D imaging data necessitate 3D reference atlases for accurate quantitative interpretation. Existing computational methods to generate 3D atlases from 2D-derived atlases result in extensive artifacts, while manual curation approaches are labor-intensive. We present a computational approach for 3D atlas construction that substantially reduces artifacts by identifying anatomical boundaries in the underlying imaging data and using these to guide 3D transformation. Anatomical boundaries also allow extension of atlases to complete edge regions. Applying these methods to the eight developmental stages in the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas (ADMBA) led to more comprehensive and accurate atlases. We generated imaging data from 15 whole mouse brains to validate atlas performance and observed qualitative and quantitative improvement (37% greater alignment between atlas and anatomical boundaries). We provide the pipeline as the MagellanMapper software and the eight 3D reconstructed ADMBA atlases. These resources facilitate whole-organ quantitative analysis between samples and across development. The research community needs precise, reliable 3D atlases of organs to pinpoint where biological structures and processes are located. For instance, these maps are essential to understand where specific genes are turned on or off, or the spatial organization of various groups of cells over time. For centuries, atlases have been built by thinly ‘slicing up’ an organ, and then precisely representing each 2D layer. Yet this approach is imperfect: each layer may be accurate on its own, but inevitable mismatches appear between the slices when viewed in 3D or from another angle. Advances in microscopy now allow entire organs to be imaged in 3D. Comparing these images with atlases could help to detect subtle differences that indicate or underlie disease. However, this is only possible if 3D maps are accurate and do not feature mismatches between layers. To create an atlas without such artifacts, one approach consists in starting from scratch and manually redrawing the maps in 3D, a labor-intensive method that discards a large body of well-established atlases. Instead, Young et al. set out to create an automated method which could help to refine existing ‘layer-based’ atlases, releasing software that anyone can use to improve current maps. The package was created by harnessing eight atlases in the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas, and then using the underlying anatomical images to resolve discrepancies between layers or fill out any missing areas. Known as MagellanMapper, the software was extensively tested to demonstrate the accuracy of the maps it creates, including comparison to whole-brain imaging data from 15 mouse brains. Armed with this new software, researchers can improve the accuracy of their atlases, helping them to understand the structure of organs at the level of the cell and giving them insight into a broad range of human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Young
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siavash Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Grace Schwartz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Zachary Bonzell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Deniz Yuruk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Mai Nojima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Laurent C Gole
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Lr Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan J Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Faber JW, Hagoort J, Moorman AFM, Christoffels VM, Jensen B. Quantified growth of the human embryonic heart. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio.057059. [PMID: 33495211 PMCID: PMC7888713 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and growth patterns of the components of the human embryonic heart have remained largely undefined. To provide these data, three-dimensional heart models were generated from immunohistochemically stained sections of ten human embryonic hearts ranging from Carnegie stage 10 to 23. Fifty-eight key structures were annotated and volumetrically assessed. Sizes of the septal foramina and atrioventricular canal opening were also measured. The heart grows exponentially throughout embryonic development. There was consistently less left than right atrial myocardium, and less right than left ventricular myocardium. We observed a later onset of trabeculation in the left atrium compared to the right. Morphometry showed that the rightward expansion of the atrioventricular canal starts in week 5. The septal foramina are less than 0.1 mm2 and are, therefore, much smaller than postnatal septal defects. This chronological, graphical atlas of the growth patterns of cardiac components in the human embryo provides quantified references for normal heart development. Thereby, this atlas may support early detection of cardiac malformations in the foetus.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeike W Faber
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco Hagoort
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon F M Moorman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Shi R, Zhou X, Li Z, Sun W, Zhao L, Yuan L. Maternal obesity increases the risk of fetal cardiac dysfunction via visceral adipose tissue derived exosomes. Placenta 2021; 105:85-93. [PMID: 33556718 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a strong association between gestational obesity and fetal cardiac dysfunction, while the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of exosomes from maternal visceral adipose tissue in abnormal embryonic development in obese pregnancy. METHODS Female C57BL/6J obese mice were induced by a high-fat diet (containing 60% fat). Fetal cardiac function and morphology were examined by echocardiography and histology. The placenta was extracted for histological examination. miRNA expression in exosomes from the visceral adipose tissue was profiled by RNA-seq. Gene expression of inflammatory factors was analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS In the obese pregnant mice, there were obvious inflammation and lipid droplets in the placenta. And the fetal cardiac function in obese pregnancy was also compromised. Moreover, injection of the visceral adipose tissue exosomes from the obese mice significantly decreased the fetal cardiac function in the normal lean pregnant mice. Mechanistically, the decreased expression of miR-19b might be responsible for the enhanced inflammation in the placenta. DISCUSSION Exosomes derived from visceral adipose tissue in obese mice contribute to fetal heart dysfunction, at least partially via affecting the function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijing Shi
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueying Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbi Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Marchal GA, Verkerk AO, Mohan RA, Wolswinkel R, Boukens BJD, Remme CA. The sodium channel Na V 1.5 impacts on early murine embryonic cardiac development, structure and function in a non-electrogenic manner. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 230:e13493. [PMID: 32386467 PMCID: PMC7539970 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is essential for cardiac excitability and ensures proper electrical conduction. Early embryonic death has been observed in several murine models carrying homozygous Scn5amutations. We investigated when sodium current (INa ) becomes functionally relevant in the murine embryonic heart and how Scn5a/NaV 1.5 dysfunction impacts on cardiac development. METHODS Involvement of NaV 1.5-generated INa in murine cardiac electrical function was assessed by optical mapping in wild type (WT) embryos (embryonic day (E)9.5 and E10.5) in the absence and presence of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (30 µmol/L). INa was assessed by patch-clamp analysis in cardiomyocytes isolated from WT embryos (E9.5-17.5). In addition, cardiac morphology and electrical function was assessed in Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos (E9.5-10.5) and their WT littermates. RESULTS In WT embryos, tetrodotoxin did not affect cardiac activation at E9.5, but slowed activation at E10.5. Accordingly, patch-clamp measurements revealed that INa was virtually absent at E9.5 but robustly present at E10.5. Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos died in utero around E10.5, displaying severely affected cardiac activation and morphology. Strikingly, altered ventricular activation was observed in Scn5a-1798insD-/- E9.5 embryos before the onset of INa , in addition to reduced cardiac tissue volume compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSION We here demonstrate that NaV 1.5 is involved in cardiac electrical function from E10.5 onwards. Scn5a-1798insD-/- embryos displayed cardiac structural abnormalities at E9.5, indicating that NaV 1.5 dysfunction impacts on embryonic cardiac development in a non-electrogenic manner. These findings are potentially relevant for understanding structural defects observed in relation to NaV 1.5 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A. Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Arie O. Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv A. Mohan
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Wolswinkel
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. D. Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology Amsterdam UMC (location Academic Medical Center) Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Sanchez J, Miyake R, Cheng A, Liu T, Iseki S, Kume T. Conditional inactivation of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in neural crest cells leads to cardiac abnormalities. Genesis 2020; 58:e23364. [PMID: 32259372 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) are required for normal heart development. cNCCs are a multipotent and migratory cell lineage that differentiates into multiple cell types. cNCCs migrate into the developing heart to contribute to the septation of the cardiac outflow tract (OFT). Foxc1 and Foxc2 are closely related members of the FOX (Forkhead box) transcription factor family and are expressed in cNCC during heart development. However, the precise role of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs has yet to be fully described. We found that compound NCC-specific Foxc1;Foxc2 mutant embryos exhibited persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), ventricular septal defects (VSDs), and thinning of the ventricular myocardium. Loss of Foxc1/c2 expression in cNCCs resulted in abnormal patterns of cNCC migration into the OFT without the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum. Further, loss of Foxc1 expression in cNCCs resulted in normal OFT development but abnormal ventricular septal formation. In contrast, loss of Foxc2 expression in NCCs led to no obvious cardiac abnormalities. Together, we provide evidence that Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cNCCs are cooperatively required for proper cNCC migration, the formation of the OFT septation, and the development of the ventricles. Our data also suggests that Foxc1 expression may play a larger role in ventricular development compared to Foxc2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Sanchez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Risa Miyake
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Cheng
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ting Liu
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Follow Me! A Tale of Avian Heart Development with Comparisons to Mammal Heart Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7010008. [PMID: 32156044 PMCID: PMC7151090 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian embryos have been used for centuries to study development due to the ease of access. Because the embryos are sheltered inside the eggshell, a small window in the shell is ideal for visualizing the embryos and performing different interventions. The window can then be covered, and the embryo returned to the incubator for the desired amount of time, and observed during further development. Up to about 4 days of chicken development (out of 21 days of incubation), when the egg is opened the embryo is on top of the yolk, and its heart is on top of its body. This allows easy imaging of heart formation and heart development using non-invasive techniques, including regular optical microscopy. After day 4, the embryo starts sinking into the yolk, but still imaging technologies, such as ultrasound, can tomographically image the embryo and its heart in vivo. Importantly, because like the human heart the avian heart develops into a four-chambered heart with valves, heart malformations and pathologies that human babies suffer can be replicated in avian embryos, allowing a unique developmental window into human congenital heart disease. Here, we review avian heart formation and provide comparisons to the mammalian heart.
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Ishizaki-Asami R, Uchida K, Tsuchihashi T, Shibata A, Kodo K, Emoto K, Mikoshiba K, Takahashi T, Yamagishi H. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 as a novel marker of vasculature to delineate processes of cardiopulmonary development. Dev Biol 2019; 458:237-245. [PMID: 31758944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) involving the outflow tract (OFT), such as persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA), lead to mortality and morbidity with implications not only in the heart, but also in the pulmonary vasculature. The mechanisms of pulmonary artery (PA) development and the etiologies underlying PA disorders associated with CHD remain poorly understood partly because of a specific marker for PA development is nonexistent. The three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R1, 2, and 3) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are essential for many tissues and organs. We discovered that IP3R2 was expressed in the vasculature and heart during development using transgenic mice, in which a LacZ marker gene was knocked into the IP3R2 locus. Whole-mount and section LacZ staining showed that IP3R2-LacZ-positive cells were detectable exclusively in the smooth muscle cells, or tunica media, of PA, merging into αSMA-positive cells during development. Furthermore, our analyses suggested that IP3R2-LacZ positive PA smooth muscle layers gradually elongate from the central PA to the peripheral PAs from E13.5 to E18.5, supporting the distal angiogenesis theory for the development of PA, whereas IP3R2-LacZ was rarely expressed in smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary trunk. Crossing IP3R-LacZ mice with mice hypomorphic for Tbx1 alleles revealed that PTA of Tbx1 mutants may result from agenesis or hypoplasia of the pulmonary trunk; thus, the left and right central to peripheral PAs connect directly to the dorsal side of the truncus arteriosus in these mutants. Additionally, we found hypercellular interstitial mesenchyme and delayed maturation of the lung endoderm in the Tbx1 mutant lungs. Our study identifies IP3R2 as a novel marker for clear visualization of PA during development and can be utilized for studying cardiopulmonary development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ishizaki-Asami
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Health Center, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8521, Japan.
| | - Takatoshi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadōri, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0013, Japan
| | - Akimichi Shibata
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Ashikaga Hospital, 284-1 Yobe-cho, Ashikaga, Tochigi, 326-0843, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsura Emoto
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- SIAIS (Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies), ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China; Toho University, Faculty of Science, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan; Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, Center for Brain Sciences, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
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Assenza MR, Barbagallo F, Barrios F, Cornacchione M, Campolo F, Vivarelli E, Gianfrilli D, Auletta L, Soricelli A, Isidori AM, Lenzi A, Pellegrini M, Naro F. Critical role of phosphodiesterase 2A in mouse congenital heart defects. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:830-845. [PMID: 29409032 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Phosphodiesterase 2 A (Pde2A), a cAMP-hydrolysing enzyme, is essential for mouse development; however, the cause of Pde2A knockout embryonic lethality is unknown. To understand whether Pde2A plays a role in cardiac development, hearts of Pde2A deficient embryos were analysed at different stage of development. Methods and results At the stage of four chambers, Pde2A deficient hearts were enlarged compared to the hearts of Pde2A heterozygous and wild-type. Pde2A knockout embryos revealed cardiac defects such as absence of atrial trabeculation, interventricular septum (IVS) defects, hypertrabeculation and thinning of the myocardial wall and in rare cases they had overriding aorta and valves defects. E14.5 Pde2A knockouts showed reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis in the IVS and increased proliferation in the ventricular trabeculae. Analyses of E9.5 Pde2A knockout embryos revealed defects in cardiac progenitor and neural crest markers, increase of Islet1 positive and AP2 positive apoptotic cells. The expression of early cTnI and late Mef2c cardiomyocyte differentiation markers was strongly reduced in Pde2A knockout hearts. The master transcription factors of cardiac development, Tbx, were down-regulated in E14.5 Pde2A knockout hearts. Absence of Pde2A caused an increase of intracellular cAMP level, followed by an up-regulation of the inducible cAMP early repressor, Icer in fetal hearts. In vitro experiments on wild-type fetal cardiomyocytes showed that Tbx gene expression is down-regulated by cAMP inducers. Furthermore, Pde2A inhibition in vivo recapitulated the heart defects observed in Pde2A knockout embryos, affecting cardiac progenitor cells. Interestingly, the expression of Pde2A itself was dramatically affected by Pde2A inhibition, suggesting a potential autoregulatory loop. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time a direct relationship between Pde2A impairment and the onset of mouse congenital heart defects, highlighting a novel role for cAMP in cardiac development regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Assenza
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Florencia Barrios
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vivarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, IBCN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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41
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Sánchez N, Inostroza V, Pérez MC, Moya P, Ubilla A, Besa J, Llaguno E, Vera P-G C, Inzunza O, Gaete M. Tracking morphological complexities of organ development in culture. Mech Dev 2018; 154:179-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Moumne O, Chowdhurry R, Doll C, Pereira N, Hashimi M, Grindrod T, Dollar JJ, Riva A, Kasahara H. Mechanism Sharing Between Genetic and Gestational Hypoxia-Induced Cardiac Anomalies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:100. [PMID: 30151366 PMCID: PMC6099185 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac development is a dynamic process both temporally and spatially. These complex processes are often disturbed and lead to congenital cardiac anomalies that affect approximately 1% of live births. Disease-causing variants in several genetic loci lead to cardiac anomalies, with variants in transcription factor NKX2-5 gene being one of the largest variants known. Gestational hypoxia, such as seen in high-altitude pregnancy, has been known to affect cardiac development, yet the incidence and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Methods and Results: Normal wild-type female mice mated with heterozygous Nkx2-5 mutant males were housed under moderate hypoxia (14% O2) or normoxia (20.9% O2) conditions from 10.5 days of gestation. Wild-type mice exposed to hypoxia demonstrate excessive trabeculation, ventricular septal defects, irregular morphology of interventricular septum as well as atrial septal abnormalities, which overlap with those seen in heterozygous Nkx2-5 mutant mice. Genome-wide transcriptome done by RNA-seq of a 2-day hypoxic exposure on wild-type embryos revealed abnormal transcriptomes, in which approximately 60% share those from Nkx2-5 mutants without hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia reduced the expression of Nkx2-5 proteins in more than one-half along with a reduction in phosphorylation, suggesting that abnormal Nkx2-5 function is a common mechanism shared between genetic and gestational hypoxia-induced cardiac anomalies, at least at a specific developing stage. Conclusion: The results of our study provide insights into a common molecular mechanism underlying non-genetic and genetic cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Moumne
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rajib Chowdhurry
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cassandra Doll
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalia Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mustafa Hashimi
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tabor Grindrod
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James J Dollar
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine and the Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alberto Riva
- Bioinformatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hideko Kasahara
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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43
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Sui Y, Park SH, Wang F, Zhou C. Perinatal Bisphenol A Exposure Increases Atherosclerosis in Adult Male PXR-Humanized Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1595-1608. [PMID: 29425287 PMCID: PMC5939635 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a base chemical used extensively in numerous consumer products, and human exposure to BPA is ubiquitous. Higher BPA exposure has been associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in multiple human population-based studies. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the associations remain elusive. We previously reported that BPA activates the xenobiotic receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR), which has proatherogenic effects in animal models. Because BPA is a potent agonist for human PXR but does not affect rodent PXR activity, a suitable PXR-humanized apolipoprotein E-deficient (huPXR•ApoE-/-) mouse model was developed to study BPA's atherogenic effects. Chronic BPA exposure increased atherosclerosis in the huPXR•ApoE-/- mice. We report that BPA exposure can also activate human PXR signaling in the heart tubes of huPXR•ApoE-/- embryos, and perinatal BPA exposure exacerbated atherosclerosis in adult male huPXR•ApoE-/- offspring. However, atherosclerosis development in female offspring was not affected by perinatal BPA exposure. Perinatal BPA exposure did not affect plasma lipid levels but increased aortic and atherosclerotic lesional fatty acid transporter CD36 expression in male huPXR•ApoE-/- offspring. Mechanistically, PXR epigenetically regulated CD36 expression by increasing H3K4me3 levels and decreasing H3K27me3 levels in the CD36 promoter in response to perinatal BPA exposure. The findings from the present study contribute to our understanding of the association between BPA exposure and increased atherosclerosis or CVD risk in humans, and activation of human PXR should be considered for future BPA risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Correspondence: Changcheng Zhou, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone Street, #517, Lexington, Kentucky 40536. E-mail:
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44
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In Vivo Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System of Mouse Embryo and Fetus Using High Frequency Ultrasound. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29564759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7714-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mice have been widely used for studying cardiovascular development, physiology and diseases. In the past decade, high frequency ultrasound imaging technology has been significantly advanced and applied to observe the cardiovascular structure, function, and blood flow dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution in mice. This noninvasive imaging approach has made possible longitudinal studies of the mouse embryo/fetus in utero. In this chapter, we describe detailed methods for: (1) the assessment of the structure, function, and flow dynamics of the developing heart of the mouse embryo during middle gestation (E10.5-E13.5); and (2) the measurement of flow distribution throughout the circulatory system of the mouse fetus at late gestation (E17.5). With the described protocols, we are able to illustrate the main cardiovascular structures and the corresponding functional and flow dynamic events at each stage of development, and generate baseline physiological information about the normal mouse embryo/fetus. These data will serve as the reference material for the identification of cardiovascular abnormalities in numerous mouse models with targeted genetic manipulations.
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45
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Yu B, Zhang T, Xia P, Gong X, Qiu X, Huang J. CCDC134 serves a crucial role in embryonic development. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:381-390. [PMID: 29115376 PMCID: PMC5746300 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coiled-coil domain containing 134 (CCDC134), a characterized secreted protein, may serve as an immune cytokine and illustrates its potent antitumor effects by augmenting CD8+ T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, CCDC134 may also act as a novel regulator of human alteration/deficiency in activation 2a, and be involved in the p300-CBP-associated factor complex and affect its acetyltransferase activity. To clarify the biological and pathological function of CCDC134, the present study generated a viable and fertile Ccdc134fl/fl mouse strain that allowed temporal and spatial control of gene ablation. Ccdc134−/− embryos generated by crossing of Ccdc134fl/fl mice with human β-actin-Cre or zona pellucida 3-Cre transgenic mice were embryonic lethal from embryonic day (E)12.5 to birth. Ccdc134 loss was associated with severe hemorrhages in the brain ventricular space and neural tube, pale and abnormal livers, cardiac hypertrophy and placental distress. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a fraction of E13.5 fetal livers and brains exhibited reduced cell proliferation and vascular endothelial cell defects. CCDC134 also exhibited a dynamic and specific expression pattern during embryo development. The present results suggest that Ccdc134 may have specific biological functions in regulating mouse embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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46
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Chen VS, Morrison JP, Southwell MF, Foley JF, Bolon B, Elmore SA. Histology Atlas of the Developing Prenatal and Postnatal Mouse Central Nervous System, with Emphasis on Prenatal Days E7.5 to E18.5. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:705-744. [PMID: 28891434 DOI: 10.1177/0192623317728134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the central nervous system (CNS) in the developing mouse presents unique challenges, given the complexity of ontogenesis, marked structural reorganization over very short distances in 3 dimensions each hour, and numerous developmental events susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Developmental defects affecting the brain and spinal cord arise frequently both in utero and perinatally as spontaneous events, following teratogen exposure, and as sequelae to induced mutations and thus are a common factor in embryonic and perinatal lethality in many mouse models. Knowledge of normal organ and cellular architecture and differentiation throughout the mouse's life span is crucial to identify and characterize neurodevelopmental lesions. By providing a well-illustrated overview summarizing major events of normal in utero and perinatal mouse CNS development with examples of common developmental abnormalities, this annotated, color atlas can be used to identify normal structure and histology when phenotyping genetically engineered mice and will enhance efforts to describe and interpret brain and spinal cord malformations as causes of mouse embryonic and perinatal lethal phenotypes. The schematics and images in this atlas illustrate major developmental events during gestation from embryonic day (E)7.5 to E18.5 and after birth from postnatal day (P)1 to P21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S Chen
- 1 Charles River Laboratories Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Authors contributed equally
| | - James P Morrison
- 2 Charles River Laboratories Inc., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA.,Authors contributed equally
| | - Myra F Southwell
- 3 Cellular Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie F Foley
- 4 Bio-Molecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Susan A Elmore
- 3 Cellular Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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47
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Liao KH, Chang SJ, Chang HC, Chien CL, Huang TS, Feng TC, Lin WW, Shih CC, Yang MH, Yang SH, Lin CH, Hwang WL, Lee OK. Endothelial angiogenesis is directed by RUNX1T1-regulated VEGFA, BMP4 and TGF-β2 expression. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640846 PMCID: PMC5481149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue angiogenesis is intimately regulated during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Defected angiogenesis contributes to aberrant development and is the main complication associated with ischemia-related diseases. We previously identified the increased expression of RUNX1T1 in umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) by gene expression microarray. However, the biological relevance of RUNX1T1 in endothelial lineage is not defined clearly. Here, we demonstrate RUNX1T1 regulates the survival, motility and tube forming capability of ECFCs and EA.hy926 endothelial cells by loss-and gain-of function assays, respectively. Second, embryonic vasculatures and quantity of bone marrow-derived angiogenic progenitors are found to be reduced in the established Runx1t1 heterozygous knockout mice. Finally, a central RUNX1T1-regulated signature is uncovered and VEGFA, BMP4 as well as TGF-β2 are demonstrated to mediate RUNX1T1-orchested angiogenic activities. Taken together, our results reveal that RUNX1T1 serves as a common angiogenic driver for vaculogenesis and functionality of endothelial lineage cells. Therefore, the discovery and application of pharmaceutical activators for RUNX1T1 will improve therapeutic efficacy toward ischemia by promoting neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsun Liao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Chien
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chia Feng
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chi Shih
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei-Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (OKL); (WLH)
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48
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Isoforms of the nuclear envelope protein Nurim are differentially expressed during heart development in mice. Gene 2017; 627:123-128. [PMID: 28600179 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, transcript variants of the nuclear envelope protein Nurim and their expression profiles in mice have never been elucidated. In this study, we determined that the primary Nurim variant a was abundantly expressed in mouse heart, liver, spleen and kidney. The protein level of isoform a is initiated at an early stage of heart formation and demonstrated a significant increase in expression throughout embryonic heart development. Interestingly, Nurim b is also up-regulated from E12.5 to E18.5 in different individuals. Our research represents the first report on alternative splicing variants of mouse Nurim and their differential expression profile during embryonic development. These studies suggest a potential role for Nurim in early heart morphogenesis and should help further elucidate the function of Nurim.
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49
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Liu X, Kim AJ, Reynolds W, Wu Y, Lo CW. Phenotyping cardiac and structural birth defects in fetal and newborn mice. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:778-790. [PMID: 28544620 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models are invaluable for investigating the developmental etiology and molecular pathogenesis of structural birth defects. While this has been deployed for studying a wide spectrum of birth defects, mice are particularly valuable for modeling congenital heart disease, given they have the same four-chamber cardiac anatomy as in humans. We have developed the use of noninvasive fetal ultrasound together with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging for high throughput phenotyping of mice for congenital heart defects (CHD) and other developmental anomalies. We showed the efficacy of fetal ultrasound and micro-CT imaging for diagnosis of a wide spectrum of CHD. With fetal ultrasound, longitudinal scans can be conducted to track the developmental profile of disease pathogenesis, providing both structural information with two-dimensional (2D) imaging, as well as functional data from hemodynamic assessments with color flow and spectral Doppler imaging. In contrast, with micro-CT imaging, virtual necropsies can be conducted rapidly postmortem for diagnosis of not only CHD, but also other structural birth defects. To validate the CHD diagnosis, we further showed the use of a novel histological technique with episcopic confocal microscopy to obtain rapid 3D reconstructions for accurate diagnosis of even the most complex anatomical defect. The latter histological imaging technique when combined with the use of ultrasound and micro-CT imaging provides a powerful combination of imaging modalities that will be invaluable in meeting the accelerating demands for high throughput mouse phenotyping of genetically engineered mice in the coming age of functional genomics. Birth Defects Research 109:778-790, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Reynolds
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijen Wu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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50
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Scuderi GJ, Butcher J. Naturally Engineered Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:50. [PMID: 28529939 PMCID: PMC5418234 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains one of the most prominent causes of mortalities worldwide with heart transplantation being the gold-standard treatment option. However, due to the major limitations associated with heart transplants, such as an inadequate supply and heart rejection, there remains a significant clinical need for a viable cardiac regenerative therapy to restore native myocardial function. Over the course of the previous several decades, researchers have made prominent advances in the field of cardiac regeneration with the creation of in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte tissue engineered constructs. However, these engineered constructs exhibit a functionally immature, disorganized, fetal-like phenotype that is not equivalent physiologically to native adult cardiac tissue. Due to this major limitation, many recent studies have investigated approaches to improve pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte maturation to close this large functionality gap between engineered and native cardiac tissue. This review integrates the natural developmental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte structural and functional maturation. The variety of ways researchers have attempted to improve cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro by mimicking natural development, known as natural engineering, is readily discussed. The main focus of this review involves the synergistic role of electrical and mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix interactions, and non-cardiomyocyte interactions in facilitating cardiomyocyte maturation. Overall, even with these current natural engineering approaches, pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes within three-dimensional engineered heart tissue still remain mostly within the early to late fetal stages of cardiomyocyte maturity. Therefore, although the end goal is to achieve adult phenotypic maturity, more emphasis must be placed on elucidating how the in vivo fetal microenvironment drives cardiomyocyte maturation. This information can then be utilized to develop natural engineering approaches that can emulate this fetal microenvironment and thus make prominent progress in pluripotent stem cell-derived maturity toward a more clinically relevant model for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano J Scuderi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USA
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