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Alves J, Martinho G, Gonçalves M, Maia Â. Assessment of the Health Status of Women in Prison: A Comparison between Drug Users versus Non-users. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2023; 67:1615-1629. [PMID: 36377114 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the history of substances use, clinical diagnoses, contacts with healthcare, and health complaints. Also, it aims to compare the health status of substance users versus non-users. Health records of 93 detained women from a prison in northern Portugal, with a mean age of 38.02 years old, were reviewed and coded using both International Classification of Primary Care-2 and International Classification of Diseases-10th. Data revealed high percentages of detainees with a history of substance use and pre-existing clinical diagnosis. During the first month of imprisonment, on average, participants had complained to a health professional 14.63 times. Substance users were younger and presented more mental health problems and health complaints. Health policies and professional practices in prison must include immediate assessment of a woman's health concerns and foster the development of efficient protocols to address those problems, especially substance use disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Alves
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ângela Maia
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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2
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Sozen S, Krag D, Milliren C. Opioid dependence among pregnant and post-partum incarcerated individuals: A review of the literature. J Opioid Manag 2023; 19:123-133. [PMID: 37879667 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2023.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant and post-partum women with opioid dependence are an extremely vulnerable population within correctional facilities. A significant number of maternal inmates, however, still lack adequate provision of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and are subsequently forced into withdrawal. Currently, there exist no comprehensive reviews on the scope of literature regarding the management of this population. We aimed to provide a review on the research surrounding these women. DESIGN A systematic search of PubMed Central was conducted to identify studies evaluating OUD among pregnant and post-partum incarcerated women. Citations from only the last 20 years were included to ensure both relevance and scope of information. RESULTS The topics that emerged from this review included medications for OUD (MOUD) administration vs detoxification practices, treatment upon incarceration and upon release, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Across all articles, current care management of this population appeared inadequate. We further compiled all author recommendations and perspectives into a framework that can inform potential improvements in care coordination. CONCLUSIONS This review identifies significant gaps in current management-particularly regarding administration of MOUDs-and emphasizes the need for standardization of addiction-related and perinatal healthcare. We also highlight gaps in the literature and potential areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Sozen
- Department of Medicine, The Robert Larner, MD College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6775-0541
| | - David Krag
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Carly Milliren
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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3
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Sturm ET, Thomas ML, Sares AG, Dave S, Baron D, Compton MT, Palmer BW, Jester DJ, Jeste DV. Review of Major Social Determinants of Health in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: II. Assessments. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:851-866. [PMID: 37022911 PMCID: PMC10318889 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Social determinants of health (SDoHs) impact the development and course of schizophrenia-spectrum psychotic disorders (SSPDs). Yet, we found no published scholarly reviews of psychometric properties and pragmatic utility of SDoH assessments among people with SSPDs. We aim to review those aspects of SDoH assessments. STUDY DESIGN PsychInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were examined to obtain data on reliability, validity, administration process, strengths, and limitations of the measures for SDoHs identified in a paired scoping review. STUDY RESULTS SDoHs were assessed using different approaches including self-reports, interviews, rating scales, and review of public databases. Of the major SDoHs, early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity had measures with satisfactory psychometric properties. Internal consistency reliabilities-evaluated in the general population for 13 measures of early-life adversities, social disconnection, racism, social fragmentation, and food insecurity-ranged from poor to excellent (0.68-0.96). The number of items varied from 1 to more than 100 and administration time ranged from less than 5 minutes to over an hour. Measures of urbanicity, low socioeconomic status, immigration status, homelessness/housing instability, and incarceration were based on public records or targeted sampling. CONCLUSIONS Although the reported assessments of SDoHs show promise, there is a need to develop and test brief but validated screening measures suitable for clinical application. Novel assessment tools, including objective assessments at individual and community levels utilizing new technology, and sophisticated psychometric evaluations for reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change with effective interventions are recommended, and suggestions for training curricula are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T Sturm
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Anastasia G Sares
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - David Baron
- Western University of Health Sciences, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dylan J Jester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA (Retired)
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Gallegos ML, Segrin C, Thompson A. Parent-Child Relationships and the Health of Incarcerated Mothers: Exploring the Mediating Role of Loneliness. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1442-1453. [PMID: 34965825 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study utilizes Hawkley, Cacioppo, and colleagues' model of loneliness and health to examine the influence of parent-child relationships on the health of incarcerated women. Participants were 121 incarcerated female adults who have at least one child, and who completed a questionnaire with measures of parental involvement, parent-child closeness, loneliness, overall health, physical functioning, depression, and anxiety. Results reveal that among incarcerated women, perceptions of close and involved relationships with their children were associated with less loneliness, and less loneliness was associated with better overall health and physical functioning, as well as lower depression and anxiety. Findings highlight the importance of including loneliness in studies that examine the impact of parent-child relationships on health, especially for this vulnerable population, and suggest that it is worthwhile to engage in efforts to help incarcerated women maintain close and involved relationships with their children through high-quality communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Gallegos
- Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Northridge
| | - Chris Segrin
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona
| | - Anne Thompson
- Department of Communication Studies, Northern Kentucky University
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Dauria E, Rodriguez C, Bauerle Bass S, Tolou-Shams M, Christopoulos K. Implementation strategies to screen, refer and link women involved in the carceral system to PrEP for HIV prevention. Int J Prison Health 2023; 19:578-590. [PMID: 37113046 PMCID: PMC11058187 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-06-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women involved in the carceral system (CS) experience several conditions that increase their risk for HIV (e.g. high rates of substance use, psychiatric disorders, histories of victimization). The purpose of this study is to explore perspectives on potential strategies to connect women in the CS to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This study conducted in-depth interviews with 27 women involved in the CS eligible for PrEP. Using vignettes, interviews explored attitudes, barriers and facilitators toward PrEP screening, referral and linkage facilitated via a CS stakeholder, an mHealth application or providing PrEP service referrals during detention via a navigator. FINDINGS Most women were, on average, 41.3 years, from racial and ethnic minority groups (56% black/African American; 19% Latinx). Inductive thematic analysis revealed CS involved women expressed mostly positive attitudes toward CS-based PrEP implementation. Younger women were more accepting of and interested in mHealth interventions. Implementation facilitators included leveraging relationships with trusted allies (e.g. "peers") and existing systems collaborations. Recommended implementation strategies included providing HIV and PrEP-specific education and training for system stakeholders and addressing issues related to privacy, system mistrust and stigma. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Results provide a critical foundation for the implementation of interventions to improve PrEP access for women involved in the CS and have important implications for implementation strategies for all adults involved in the CS. Improving access to PrEP among this population may also support progress toward addressing national disparities in PrEP uptake, where women, black and Latinx populations have substantial unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dauria
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katerina Christopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Miller-Roenigk B, Wheeler P, Hargons C, Stevens-Watkins D. Race-Related and Mental Health Factors of Powder Cocaine Use Among Black Incarcerated Men. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36651840 PMCID: PMC10352460 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2167143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Incarceration disproportionately impacts Black men in the United States, which can have compounding effects on mental health and substance use among this population. Cocaine use, in particular, carries higher severity of dependence and overdose risks among Black Americans, though research examining cocaine use correlates among Black incarcerated men is limited. The present study examines race-related and mental health correlates of powder cocaine use among a sample of incarcerated Black men (n = 208) using the General Strain Theory. Specifically, the present study was a secondary analysis examining race-related stress, psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression), and stigma about receiving psychological help as correlates of lifetime powder cocaine use. Results indicated that the likelihood of lifetime powder cocaine use was higher among those reporting lifetime psychological distress and greater race-related stress. Stigma about receiving psychological help was not significantly associated with lifetime powder cocaine use among this sample. Results of this study have important implications for substance use treatment interventions. Identifying adaptive coping strategies to manage anxiety and depression symptoms and race-related stress among incarcerated Black men may help reduce rates of cocaine use among this population and increase successful reintegration into the community post-incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Miller-Roenigk
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paris Wheeler
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Candice Hargons
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Steely Smith MK, Wilson SH, Zielinski MJ. An integrative literature review of substance use treatment service need and provision to pregnant and postpartum populations in carceral settings. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057221147802. [PMID: 36920150 PMCID: PMC10021089 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221147802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time to provide access to substance use treatment; this is especially true among incarcerated populations, who are known to be at particularly high risk of poor health outcomes. In this integrated literature review, we (1) report what is known about the prevalence of substance use among incarcerated pregnant and postpartum populations; (2) describe substance use treatment programs and current care practices of pregnant and postpartum populations in carceral settings; and (3) explore recommendations and strategies for increasing access to substance use treatment for incarcerated pregnant and postpartum populations. A comprehensive search of seven electronic databases yielded in the retrieval of 139 articles that were assessed for inclusion. Of the retrieved articles, 33 articles met criteria for inclusion in this review. A review of the literature revealed that the understanding of substance use prevalence among pregnant incarcerated women is limited. We also found that treatment of substance use disorders among pregnant and postpartum populations is not routinely available, enhanced perinatal services are sorely needed, and substance use treatment programs are feasible with the help of community partnerships. More research is required to understand current substance use treatment initiatives and outcomes for pregnant women in prison. In addition, strategies for integrating evidence-based, substance use treatment in carceral settings is also needed. Future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa J Zielinski
- University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
AR, USA
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Knittel AK, Ferguson EG, Balasubramanian V, Carda-Auten J, DiRosa E, Rosen DL. " We don't wanna birth it here": A qualitative study of Southern jail personnel approaches to pregnancy. WOMEN & CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2022; 33:349-362. [PMID: 37873022 PMCID: PMC10588771 DOI: 10.1080/08974454.2022.2040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Each year, approximately 55,000 pregnant people are incarcerated in US jails. To learn about pregnancy and postpartum care in jails, we analyzed 34 qualitative interviews with jail personnel from facilities in five Southeastern US states. Themes included jail processes unique to pregnancy and burden on jails produced by liability and limited resources. Societal attitudes such as stigma, distrust of pregnant people, and a focus on fetal well-being were also important themes. Jail-community partnerships may mitigate the effects of scarce resources and improve jail perinatal care. Better community safety nets that decrease contact with jails are needed to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K. Knittel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ella G. Ferguson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Jessica Carda-Auten
- Division of Global health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Elena DiRosa
- Division of Global health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David L. Rosen
- Division of Global health and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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9
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Augsburger A, Neri C, Bodenmann P, Gravier B, Jaquier V, Clair C. Assessing incarcerated women's physical and mental health status and needs in a Swiss prison: a cross-sectional study. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:8. [PMID: 35194696 PMCID: PMC8864867 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women make up 5% of the European prison population on average. Almost invisible in prison and health research, and suffering the stigma associated with female offending, incarcerated women are often forgotten, and their specific healthcare needs remain much ignored. Combining face-to-face survey interviews and medical chart data, we aim to assess the health status, healthcare needs, and access to preventive medicine of women incarcerated in Switzerland. RESULTS Sixty incarcerated adult women participated in a cross-sectional study to assess their life and incarceration histories, physical and mental health problems, medication, and use of medical services. Eligibility criteria were (a) an incarceration of at least four weeks and (b) the ability to provide written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were psychiatric instability and insufficient language competence. Women's average age was 34.3 years old (SD = 9.8); 45.0% of them were born in Switzerland, 33.3% in Europe and 15.0% on the African continent. Overall, 61.7% of women self-reported physical or mental health problems and 13.3% indicated they were once diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Further, 78.3% of women were active cigarette smokers; more than one in three women reported alcohol use problems and almost one in two women had used at least one illicit drug in the year before incarceration. Depression and perceived stress scores were above clinical cut-off points for more than half of interviewed women. When asked how they rated their health, 68.3% of women felt it had worsened since incarceration. All but four women had accessed prison medical services; however, our study does not indicate whether women's use of healthcare was indeed adequate to their needs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated incarcerated women's poor health and health-risk behaviours. Structural changes and gender-responsive health promotion interventions have the potential to improve the health of incarcerated women and help them return to the community in better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Augsburger
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Training, Research and Innovation, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Céline Neri
- Service of Correctional Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Vulnerabilities and Social Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Gravier
- Service of Correctional Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Jaquier
- Centre for Criminological Research (CRRC), University of Neuchâtel, & School of Health Sciences Fribourg (HEdS-FR), HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchâtel/Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carole Clair
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Training, Research and Innovation, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Norris WK, Allison MK, Fradley MF, Zielinski MJ. 'You're setting a lot of people up for failure': what formerly incarcerated women would tell healthcare decision makers. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2022; 10:4. [PMID: 35103865 PMCID: PMC8808972 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-022-00166-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarcerated women have a higher prevalence of health problems than the general population; however, little is known about their perspectives on the healthcare they receive. Here, we conducted semi-structured interviews with women who had been incarcerated (n = 63) which asked what they would tell healthcare decision-makers about their experiences of healthcare in prisons and the community post-incarceration if provided the opportunity. All participants had a history of sexual violence victimization and had at least one period of incarceration in a community corrections center in Arkansas due to the goals of the larger study from which data were drawn. RESULTS Four themes arose when participants were asked what they would tell people who make decisions about community healthcare: 1) the healthcare system is not working (52%; n = 33), 2) have compassion for us (27%; n = 17), 3) recognize that we have specific and unique needs (17%; n = 11), and 4) the transition from incarceration is challenging and requires more support (22%; n = 14). Three themes arose when we asked participants what they would tell people who make decisions about healthcare in prisons: 1) we had experiences of poor physical healthcare in prison (44%; n = 28), 2) more specialty care is needed in prison (49%; n = 31), and 3) healthcare providers treat women in prison poorly (37%; n = 23). CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the need for systemic changes including greater oversight of prison-based healthcare services, enhanced access to medical subspecialties in prisons, and healthcare provider training on the unique needs of incarcerated and previously incarcerated women. Polices that expand healthcare access are also likely to benefit formerly incarcerated women given the challenges they experience seeking community-based care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney K Norris
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Marley F Fradley
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Melissa J Zielinski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Birkie M, Necho M, Tsehay M, Gelaye H, Beyene A, Belete A, Asmamaw A, Tessema ZT, Bogale K, Adane M. Depressive, Anxiety Symptom Frequency and Related Factors Among Prisoners During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northeastern Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:820015. [PMID: 35664488 PMCID: PMC9157339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the more than 10 million people imprisoned around the world, the rate of mental illness is higher than among the general population for various reasons. Although rates of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety in this population may have changed as a response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and other factors, to our knowledge, no related studies have been conducted related to depression and anxiety in this population during the pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess depression, anxiety, and associated factors among Dessie City prisoners during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2020. A total of 420 prisoners were selected via a systematic sampling technique. PHQ-9 depression scale, generalized anxiety disorder-7 questionnaire, Oslo 3-item social support scale, insomnia severity index, and Brief COPE scale were used. Data were entered by using Epi-Data version 3.1 and finally exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 21 for analysis. We fitted a multiple binary logistic regression model. Finally, an adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported and factors with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as significant for depression and anxiety. RESULTS This study showed that 279 (66.4%) of imprisoned people had major depressive disorder with 95% CI of (61.4, 70.6), while 281 (66.9) had generalized anxiety disorder with 95% CI of (61.9, 71.9). CONCLUSION In this study, the overall prevalence of depression and anxiety was significantly high, and was related to a number of factors including COVID-19. Therefore, designing and implementing strategies for COVID-19 prevention and control in prisons is highly recommended to reduce mental health problems among prisoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengesha Birkie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia
| | - Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Tsehay
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtam Gelaye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Abeba Beyene
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Asmare Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Asmamaw
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zemenu Tadesse Tessema
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Bogale
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Metadel Adane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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12
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Salyer C, Lee J, Lorvick J, Comfort M, Cropsey K, Smith S, Emerson A, Ramaswamy M. Cervical Cancer Prevention Behaviors Among Criminal-Legal Involved Women from Three U.S. Cities. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 31:533-545. [PMID: 34652231 PMCID: PMC9063145 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to understand how criminal-legal involved women from three U.S. cities navigate different health resource environments to obtain cervical cancer screening and follow-up care. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of women with criminal-legal histories from Kansas City KS/MO; Oakland, CA; and Birmingham, AL. Participants completed a survey that explored influences on cervical cancer prevention. Responses from all women with/without up-to-date cervical cancer screening and women with abnormal Pap testing who did/did not obtain follow-up care were compared. Proportions and associations were tested with chi-square or analysis of variance tests. Multivariable regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with up-to-date cervical cancer screening and reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: There were n = 510 participants, including n = 164 Birmingham, n = 108 Kansas City, and n = 238 Oakland women. Criminal-legal involved women in Birmingham (71.3%) and Kansas City (68.9%) were less likely to have up-to-date cervical cancer screening than women in Oakland (84.5%, p = 0.01). More women in Birmingham (14.6%) and Kansas City (16.7%) needed follow-up for abnormal Pap than women in Oakland (6.7%, p = 0.003), but there were no differences in follow-up rates. Predictors for up-to-date cervical cancer screening included access to a primary care provider (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.4-7.7), health literacy (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2-0.7), and health behaviors, including avoiding tobacco (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.1-0.9) and HPV vaccination (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.0-10.9). Conclusions: Cervical cancer screening and follow-up varied by study site. The results suggest that patient level factors coupled with the complexity of accessing care in different health resource environments impact criminal-legal involved women's cervical cancer prevention behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Salyer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Jaehoon Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Lorvick
- Community Health and Implementation Research Program, RTI International, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Megan Comfort
- Applied Justice Research Program, RTI International, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Karen Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sharla Smith
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Amanda Emerson
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Megha Ramaswamy
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Howland MA, Kotlar B, Davis L, Shlafer RJ. Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Prison. J Midwifery Womens Health 2021; 66:494-502. [PMID: 34260138 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women in prison experience high rates of mental and physical health problems, and pregnant and postpartum women in prison may be particularly vulnerable. Very few studies have examined depressive symptoms among women who are pregnant and give birth in prison. We assessed depressive symptoms longitudinally from pregnancy into the postpartum period in a sample of 58 women who gave birth in prison. We also considered whether incarceration-related factors (length of time incarcerated while pregnant, remaining length of sentence to serve after birth) were associated with depressive symptoms. METHODS Data were collected as part of an ongoing evaluation of a prison-based pregnancy and parenting support program at one women's state prison. At prenatal and postpartum visits with their doula, women completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a measure of depressive symptom severity. RESULTS More than one-third of our sample of women who were incarcerated and gave birth in custody met criteria for moderate to severe depression on the PHQ-9 during pregnancy or the postpartum period. Women who faced longer periods of incarceration following birth and separation from their newborns reported higher levels of postpartum depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Findings have implications for practice and policy aimed at supporting the mental health needs of women who are pregnant in prison, particularly those women who give birth in custody and are separated from their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann A Howland
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota -Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Bethany Kotlar
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurel Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rebecca J Shlafer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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14
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Dauria EF, Levine A, Hill SV, Tolou-Shams M, Christopoulos K. Multilevel Factors Shaping Awareness of and Attitudes Toward Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention among Criminal Justice-Involved Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1743-1754. [PMID: 33236275 PMCID: PMC8276158 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a key tool in HIV prevention efforts, little is known about PrEP as a prevention strategy for criminal justice-involved (CJI) women. The purpose of this study was to examine multilevel factors shaping PrEP awareness and acceptability among CJI women. Between January 2017 and December 2017, we conducted 52 interviews with CJI women at high risk for HIV and stakeholders from the criminal justice (CJ) and public health (PH) systems. Interviews explored awareness of PrEP and the multilevel factors shaping PrEP acceptability. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and executive summaries. Atlas.ti facilitated analyses. The majority of CJI women (n = 27) were, on average, 41.3 years, from racial and ethnic minority groups (56% Black/African-American; 19% Latinx) and reported engaging in recent high-risk behavior (nearly 60% engaged in transactional sex, 22% reported ≥ 4 sexual partners, and 37% reported injection drug use). Of system stakeholders (n = 25), 52% represented the CJ sector. Although CJI women were generally unaware of PrEP, attitudes toward PrEP were enthusiastic. Barriers to PrEP acceptability included medication side effects (individual level); distrust in HIV prevention mechanisms (community level); lack of local HIV prevention efforts among high-risk women (public policy/HIV epidemic stage level). Factors promoting PrEP included perceived HIV risk (individual level); PrEP being an HIV prevention method that women can control without partner negotiation (social and sexual network level); and availability of public health insurance (community level). Despite low awareness of PrEP, CJI women expressed positive attitudes toward PrEP. To improve PrEP access for CJI women, implementation efforts should address barriers and leverage facilitators across multiple levels to be maximally effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Dauria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., Bldg. 5, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
| | - Andrew Levine
- Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha V Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Tolou-Shams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., Bldg. 5, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
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15
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Dogan J, Stevens-Watkins D, Knighton JS, Wheeler P, Hargons C. Perceived need for drug treatment among African American male drug-using prisoners. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 120:108166. [PMID: 33298302 PMCID: PMC7733029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Since 2016, African Americans have experienced the largest increase in cocaine-related drug overdose deaths compared to other racial/ethnic groups. African American male prisoners who used drugs prior to incarceration are at an increased risk for relapse and overdose upon community re-entry. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior as a guiding framework, this study examined correlates of perceived need for treatment among 193 drug-using incarcerated African American men nearing release. Linear regression analyses revealed that the number of lifetime drug overdoses, severity of legal problems, and previous drug treatment significantly predicted a need for treatment. Further, more frequent drug use, specifically crack cocaine, in the month prior to incarceration predicted a higher perceived need for drug treatment. Implications suggest this population demonstrates a need for treatment, which may be exacerbated by re-entry stressors. Preventative measures, including culturally tailored treatment and transitional care from prison to community-based services, are necessary to reduce risk of relapse and overdose among this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin Dogan
- University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, , 36 Dickey Hall, 251 Scott Street, Lexington, KY 40503, United States of America.
| | - Danelle Stevens-Watkins
- University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 235 Dickey Hall, 251 Scott Street, Lexington, KY 40503, United States of America.
| | - Joi-Sheree Knighton
- Center for Forensic Psychiatry, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS), P.O. Box 2060, Ann Arbor, MI 48160, United States of America.
| | - Paris Wheeler
- University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 235 Dickey Hall, 251 Scott Street, Lexington, KY 40503, United States of America.
| | - Candice Hargons
- University of Kentucky, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, 239 Dickey Hall, 251 Scott Street, Lexington, KY 40503, United States of America.
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16
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Smith KE, Archuleta A, Staton M, Winston E. Risk factors for heroin use following release from jail or prison in adults in a Central Appalachian state between 2012-2017. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:485-497. [PMID: 33223579 PMCID: PMC7678949 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1725032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Corrections-involved adults with a history of opioid use disorder are at elevated risk of opioid overdose following release from correctional settings. Increased opioid prescribing restrictions and monitoring during a time when heroin is becoming cheaper and ubiquitous means that adults who misused prescription opioids prior to incarceration may be reentering communities at greater risk for heroin exposure and use. Objectives Determine risk factors of post-release heroin use among a sample of adults who participated in corrections-based drug treatment in Kentucky released between 2012 and 2017. Methods Survey data obtained as part of an ongoing evaluation of corrections-based drug treatment were examined. Results The final sample (N = 1,563) was majority male (80.9%). Nearly 11.0% reported past-year heroin use following their release. Depressive symptoms, polydrug use, and urban proximity were more common among participants reporting post-release heroin use. Heroin use 30 days prior to incarceration was associated with a 432.1% increase in odds of heroin use subsequent to incarceration. Post-release suicidal ideation increased odds of heroin use by 154.2%, whereas reporting satisfaction from social interactions decreased odds of use by nearly 60%. Post-release use of cocaine and diverted buprenorphine were associated with increased likelihood of heroin use during this time period, increasing odds by 469.1% and 265.9%, respectively. Residing in Central Appalachia subsequent to incarceration was associated with decreased likelihood of use. Conclusions In this sample, post-release heroin use was associated with concerning features, such as polydrug use, lack of social satisfaction, and suicidal ideation. These features can serve as clear targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Elin Smith
- Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Adrian Archuleta
- Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michele Staton
- Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erin Winston
- Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Kenney JL. Women Who Abuse Substances and How They Perceive Their Interactions with the Police. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 35:21-32. [PMID: 32172685 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1731642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to better understand how women who abuse substances perceive their interactions with police officers. Little is known about this topic and how these views affect the women themselves. This qualitative study, which collected data from twenty-five women in five focus groups, attempts to fill this gap. In these groups, women talked about their personal contacts with law enforcement, how they were potentially problematic, and how they believed these interactions could be improved. Suggestions for how practitioners and policy makers can address and potentially improve women's view of law enforcement are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Kenney
- Division of Social Work, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
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18
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Timko C, Johnson JE, Kurth M, Schonbrun YC, Anderson BJ, Stein MD. Health Services Use Among Jailed Women with Alcohol Use Disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res 2019; 46:116-128. [PMID: 30238292 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-018-9634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Correctional facilities now house unprecedented numbers of women with complex treatment needs. This investigation applied the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations to study 168 jailed women with alcohol use disorders. It described the sample's predisposing (age, race, victimization), enabling (health insurance), and need (self-reported medical, substance use, and mental health problems) factors and examined associations of these factors with pre-incarceration services utilization. Most participants had clinically significant levels of depression and PTSD symptoms, most took psychiatric medications, and most had been victimized. Participants reported considerable health services utilization. Younger, Black, and uninsured women utilized fewer medical and mental health services. Drug use was associated with less use of medical services, but more use of alcohol and drug services. High rates of health services use support the need for integrated, ongoing care for substance-using women before, during, and after incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Timko
- Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Johnson
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, USA
| | - Megan Kurth
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Yael Chatav Schonbrun
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Bradley J Anderson
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Michael D Stein
- Behavioral Medicine and Addictions Research, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Boulevard, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.,Department of Health Law, Policy, & Management, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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19
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McCann LJ, Peden J, Phipps E, Plugge E, O'Moore EJ. Developing gender-specific evidence-based standards to improve the health and wellbeing of women in prison in England: a literature review and modified eDelphi survey. Int J Prison Health 2019; 16:17-28. [PMID: 32040276 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-02-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are significant health inequalities experienced by women in prison. They face distinct challenges and have particular and complex needs, specifically with regard to their physical and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to describe the approach taken to develop a set of health and wellbeing standards for the women's prison estate in England, which can be applied elsewhere. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A structured literature review of standard healthcare databases and grey literature was used to inform development of suggested standards. A multidisciplinary expert panel provided consensus on the standards through an online survey and women with a history of contact with the criminal justice system were consulted through consensus groups. FINDINGS A total of 549 papers were included in the final review. From this, 127 standards were identified for inclusion in the Delphi process. Consensus was achieved on all standards; this, combined with the analysis of qualitative feedback provided by both the survey and the consensus groups, resulted in the development of 6 overarching principles and 122 standards, across ten topic areas. ORIGINALITY/VALUE These standards are the most extensive that are known to exist for health and wellbeing of women in prison and the first to be developed in England. The process used ensures the standards have high validity, acceptability and feasibility and can be used to support those developing similar methodologies. There are few papers which document the development of standards to improve health and to the authors knowledge, only one other paper has been published detailing the development of health standards in prison settings specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J McCann
- National Health and Justice Team, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Jo Peden
- National Health and Justice Team, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Emily Phipps
- Oxford School of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Plugge
- WHO UK Collaborating Centre for Health in Prisons Programme, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Eamonn J O'Moore
- National Health and Justice Team, Public Health England, London, UK.,WHO UK Collaborating Centre for Health in Prisons Programme, Public Health England, London, UK
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20
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Cannon R, Madrigal JM, Feldman E, Stempinski-Metoyer K, Holloway L, Patel A. Contraceptive needs among newly incarcerated women in a county jail in the United States. Int J Prison Health 2019; 14:244-253. [PMID: 30468113 DOI: 10.1108/ijph-08-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk of unintended pregnancy among women during Cook County Jail intake by assessing basic contraceptive history, the need for emergency contraception (EC) at intake, and contraception at release. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This is a cross-sectional study of women 18-50 years old at Cook County Jail in Chicago, Illinois from June 2011 through August 2012. The authors administered the survey at the time of intake on 33 convenient evenings. Surveys consisted of multiple-choice close-ended questions administered via interview. Topics included contraceptive use, pregnancy risk and pregnancy desire. The authors computed frequencies to describe the distribution of question responses and used logistic regression modeling to identify factors significantly related to the use of contraception at intake and to the acceptance of contraception at release. FINDINGS Overall, 194 women participated. Excluding women not at risk for pregnancy (4.6 percent currently pregnant, 17.5 percent surgically sterilized/postmenopausal and 4.6 percent using long-acting reversible contraceptives), 73.2 percent of women were at risk for pregnancy ( n = 142) and, therefore, had a potential need for contraception. Among these women at risk for unintended pregnancy, 68 (47.9 percent) had unprotected intercourse within five days prior to survey administration. When asked about EC, most women (81.4 percent) would be interested if available. Additionally, 141 (72.7 percent) of women would be interested in contraceptive supplies if provided free at release. ORIGINALITY/VALUE Newly incarcerated women are at high risk for unintended pregnancy. Knowledge about EC and ability to access birth control services are both significantly limited. These conclusions support providing an intake screening in jails to identify women at risk for unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cannon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Family Planning, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Division of Family Planning Services, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,School of Public Health, University of Illinois , Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Feldman
- Department of Correctional Health, Cermak Health Services of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly Stempinski-Metoyer
- Division of Family Planning Services, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lillian Holloway
- Department of Correctional Health, Cermak Health Services of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashlesha Patel
- Division of Family Planning Services, John H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois, USA
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21
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Clingan SE, Fisher DG, Hardan-Khalil K, Reynolds GL, Huckabay L, Costa C, Pedersen WC, Johnson ME. Health implications of sex trading characteristics in Long Beach, California, USA. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:647-655. [PMID: 30961464 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419828138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the comparative health risk behaviors of women who (a) traded sex for money, (b) traded sex for drugs, (c) traded sex for both drugs and money, or (d) did not trade sex. Self-report data were collected from 2369 women who received services through HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing programs and a subset were tested for HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. Results revealed those women who traded sex only for money used condoms, were tested for HIV, and received the HIV test results more often than the other women. Women who traded sex for both drugs and money reported a significantly higher prevalence of gonorrhea, hepatitis B, and syphilis; were more likely to test positive for hepatitis B, syphilis, and HIV; engaged more often in sex acts without condoms; and were incarcerated for significantly more days. Based on these findings, the targets with greatest potential for STI prevention interventions are female sex workers who trade sex for both drugs and money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Clingan
- 1 San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, Interdisciplinary Research on Substance Use, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dennis G Fisher
- 2 Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.,3 Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Grace L Reynolds
- 3 Center for Behavioral Research and Services, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA.,5 Health Care Administration Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Loucine Huckabay
- 4 School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Christine Costa
- 4 School of Nursing, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - William C Pedersen
- 2 Psychology Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Johnson
- 6 Office of Research, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA
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22
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Peeler M, Fiscella K, Terplan M, Sufrin C. Best Practices for Pregnant Incarcerated Women With Opioid Use Disorder. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2019; 25:4-14. [PMID: 30616487 PMCID: PMC6543816 DOI: 10.1177/1078345818819855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a unique population for correctional facilities to care for. The incarcerated pregnant population is at an increased risk of concurrent opioid use disorder (OUD) that requires specialized care. The evidence-based best practice and standard of care for pregnant women with OUD is medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone or buprenorphine pharmacotherapy. Correctional facilities that house women must be prepared to provide this care in a timely manner upon intake in order to address the serious medical needs of the pregnant woman and her fetus. Providing MAT in the incarceration setting has distinctive logistics that must be considered. This article recommends strategies to optimize the care of pregnant incarcerated women with OUD, emphasizing the importance of appropriate counseling and treatment with opioid agonist pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Peeler
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Fiscella
- Family Medicine Research Programs, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mishka Terplan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Carolyn Sufrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Lai YL, Ren L, He N. The Effects of Domestic Violence on Violent Prison Misconduct, Health Status, and Need for Post-Release Assistance Among Female Drug Offenders in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:4942-4959. [PMID: 30239251 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18801487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although much research has documented the fact that a high percentage of female inmates serving sentences for drug offenses have experienced domestic violence prior to incarceration, little research has been done to explore the potential long-term impact of domestic violence on prison misconduct, health status, and the need for post-release assistance. Based on survey data for 633 female drug offenders collected from Taiwanese correctional facilities in 2014, about one third (32%) of the offenders reported experienced domestic violence at least once prior to their incarceration. In all, 27% of them experienced being violently abused by a spouse/coinhabitant. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that a prior history of domestic violence victimization contributes significantly to inmates' violent misconduct even after controlling for a set of potential intervening variables. In addition, female drug offenders who were the victims of domestic violence reported higher levels of health problems in the prison setting, and perceived need for greater after-release assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ren
- 2 Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Ni He
- 3 Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Bourey C, Stephenson R, Bautista-Arredondo S. Syndemic Vulnerability and Condomless Sex Among Incarcerated Men in Mexico City: A Latent Class Analysis. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:4019-4033. [PMID: 29968142 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to address common statistical and population-based limitations in epidemiological literature applying syndemic theory, this study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to explore how health and social problems coalesce and shape sexual risk behaviors linked to HIV transmission in three Mexico City prisons. Among the studied male inmates, LCA identified four classes, defined by low syndemic risk (61.4%); marijuana (14.3%); depression, substances, and trauma (19.7%); and depression, substances, and marijuana (4.7%). In multinomial regression models, classes with a greater number of syndemic exposures were associated with increased odds of condomless anal sex during incarceration. In analyses stratified by pre-incarceration sexual risk behaviors, however, high syndemic burden classes were associated with condomless anal sex during incarceration differently. Overall, the study findings suggest that LCA has potential utility for syndemic analyses and highlight the need to attend to health and social adversities when addressing sexual risk behaviors and HIV transmission during incarceration.
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25
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Peteet B, Staton M, Miller-Roenigk B, Carle A, Oser C. Rural Incarcerated Women: HIV/HCV Knowledge and Correlates of Risky Behavior. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018; 45:977-986. [PMID: 29627991 PMCID: PMC11195302 DOI: 10.1177/1090198118763879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rural incarcerated women have an increased risk of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to prevalent engagement in drug use and sexual behaviors. Limited research has investigated HIV and HCV knowledge in this high-risk population. Furthermore, the interplay of sociodemographic factors (i.e., education, age, income, and sexual orientation) and risky behavior is understudied in this population. The present study evaluated a sample of adult, predominately White women from rural Kentucky ( n = 387) who were recruited from local jails. The sample had high HIV and HCV knowledge but also reported extensive risk behaviors including 44% engaging in sex work and 75.5% reporting a history of drug injection. The results of multiple regression analysis for risky sexual behavior indicated that sexual minority women and those with less HIV knowledge were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. The regression model identifying the significant correlates of risky drug behavior indicated that HIV knowledge, age, and income were negative correlates and that sexual minority women were more likely to engage in high-risk drug use. When HCV knowledge was added to the regression models already including HIV knowledge, the interaction was significant for drug risk. Interventions for rural imprisoned women should consider the varied impact of sociodemographic background and prioritize HIV education to more effectively deter risky sexual and drug behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam Carle
- 1 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- 3 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carrie Oser
- 2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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26
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Audi CAF, Santiago SM, Andrade MDGG, Francisco PMSB. Common mental disorder among incarcerated women: a study on prevalence and associated factors. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:3587-3596. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182311.30372016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Mental disorders are present in four of the ten main causes of incapacity across the world. This article aims to analyze the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated women and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a population of 1,013 women incarcerated in a female prison. The prevalence of CMD was assessed by the SRQ-20. The hierarchical logistic regression was the method of analysis used to search for independent associations between sociodemographic, lifestyle, morbidity and violence variables with CMD and strength of association. The prevalence of CMD was 66.7%. The following variables were independently and positively associated with CMD: lack of income, hypertension, tranquilizers, physical inactivity, smoking, scabies/pediculosis, psychological violence in the year before being arrested, and having witnessed psychological violence in the family in childhood/adolescence. Interdisciplinary activities among health, justice and education institutions can contribute to a qualified assessment of women before admission into the prison system. This can enable an approach that does not exacerbate or trigger the onset of CMD, contributing to the improvement in living conditions and for better health and recovery strategies.
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27
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Nyamathi A, Shin SS, Smeltzer J, Salem B, Yadav K, Krogh D, Ekstrand M. Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on Reduction of Recidivism Among Recently Incarcerated Homeless Women: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:4796-4813. [PMID: 30058395 PMCID: PMC6179921 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18785516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the 6-month outcomes of a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy-Corrections Modified (DBT-CM) program versus a Health Promotion (HP) program on mitigating recidivism among 130 female parolees/probationers between baseline and 6-month follow-up. The effect of DBT-CM on reducing recidivism was greater among those who expressed a desire for help (risk ratio [RR] = 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.16, 1.00]; p = .050) and among homeless female ex-offenders (HFOs) who were younger (<50 years of age; RR = 0.46; 95% CI = [0.19, 1.11]; p = .085) and participants with Desire for Help score > 35 (Model 3; RR = 0.40; 95% CI = [0.16, 1.00]; p = .050). Findings from this pilot study suggest that the DBT-CM intervention may be effective in reducing reincarceration rates among some HFOs during reentry. Larger RCTs are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Donna Krogh
- 2 University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Staton M, Ciciurkaite G, Oser C, Tillson M, Leukefeld C, Webster JM, Havens JR. Drug Use and Incarceration among Rural Appalachian Women: Findings From a Jail Sample. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:931-941. [PMID: 29161158 PMCID: PMC6121714 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1385631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to examine drug use and incarceration history among rural Appalachian women. METHODS This study involved random selection, screening, and interviews with rural women from local jails in Appalachia. RESULTS Of the women randomly selected and screened, 97% met criteria for substance use intervention. Significant factors associated with incarceration history included age, education, custody status, and mental health. A significant interaction was observed between male sex partners and drug use on incarceration history. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that the drug/crime relationship among rural Appalachian women is associated with their high-risk home environment, partner relationships, and mental health. Specifically, in addition to drug use, factors such as family and child relationships, anxiety, victimization, and relationships with partners should also be considered in the trajectory of criminal careers among rural Appalachian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Staton
- a Department of Behavioral Science , University of Kentucky , College of Medicine, Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Gabriele Ciciurkaite
- b Department of Sociology , Social Work and Anthropology, Utah State University , Logan , Utah , USA
| | - Carrie Oser
- c Department of Sociology , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Martha Tillson
- d Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Carl Leukefeld
- d Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - J Matthew Webster
- d Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| | - Jennifer R Havens
- d Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
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Mahaffey C, Stevens-Watkins D, Knighton JS. Psychosocial Determinants of Health among Incarcerated Black Women: A Systematic Literature Review. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2018; 27:45-70. [PMID: 27133512 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2016.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Black women are disproportionately incarcerated and experience worse health outcomes compared with White and Hispanic women. This systematic literature review aims to identify the major psychosocial determinants of health and service utilization among incarcerated Black women. The ecological model for health behavior was used to frame the literature presented and explain how individual, interpersonal, and societal factors affect health. Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria for this review. Psychosocial factors were identified at each level, including mental health problems (individual); sexual behavior (interpersonal); and dysfunctional/negative relationships (community). The factors interact in a dynamic relationship that influences the health and service utilization of Black women. Future research should examine within-group differences to highlight the unique needs and culture within the Black community in the context of psychosocial determinants. This synthesis of relevant studies can serve to inform change in correctional policies, practices, and help reduce health disparities.
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García-Vita MM, Añaños-Bedriñana FT, Fernández-Sánchez MP. Emotional well-being amongst female inmates in prisons: the relevance of their addictive history and their country of origin. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE SANIDAD PENITENCIARIA 2018; 19:79-86. [PMID: 29364333 DOI: 10.4321/s1575-06202017000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To know more about the emotional well-being of women held in prisons in Spain by analyzing the state of mental health they present and investigating the factors that affect them. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample of 434 inmates in Spanish penitentiary centers was studied. An ad hoc designed questionnaire was used and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the variables and to what extent they influence emotional well-being. RESULTS The existence of a statistically significant relationship between the well-being stages and the origin variables (region of origin of the women) and the history of substance addiction were confirmed. No significant relationship has been found for well-being levels from other variables (maternity, social or family support, gender violence or having or not having a partner). CONCLUSIONS Having a problematic history of drug use negatively affects the levels of emotional well-being of women detained in prisons. The low levels of substance use in women of Latin American origin is related to their more positive levels of emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M García-Vita
- Teacher in Universidad del Norte, Colombia. PhD in Education Science
| | - F T Añaños-Bedriñana
- Teacher in the Department of Pedagogy and Institution of Peace and Conflict Research, University of Granada, Spain. PhD in Education
| | - M P Fernández-Sánchez
- Teacher in the Department of Quantitative Methods for Economy and Business. University of Granada, Spain. PhD in Economics
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Drug Use and Multiple Sex Partners Among Homeless Ex-Offenders: Secondary Findings From an Experimental Study. Nurs Res 2017; 65:179-90. [PMID: 27124254 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitioning into society after release from incarceration presents real challenges for male offenders; in California, up to 60% return to prison within 3 years after release. The risk for ongoing drug use and having sex with multiple partners is a significant challenge for ex-offenders preparing to enter the community. OBJECTIVES The aims are to describe drug use and sexual behavior (sex with multiple partners) prior to incarceration and 6 and 12 months after study enrollment using data obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS This is a planned secondary analysis of data obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial designed to study the effects of intensive peer coaching and nurse case management, intensive peer coaching, and brief nurse counseling on hepatitis A and B vaccination adherence compared to a usual care control treatment that also included brief peer coaching and brief nurse counseling. Self-report data from subjects enrolled at one residential drug treatment facility in Los Angeles were captured at three time points: baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Findings showed substantive and significant reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners 6 months after enrollment into the study compared to the baseline data, but results did not differ by study condition. At 12-month follow-up, drug use and sex with multiple partners increased but remained less than at baseline levels. DISCUSSION Sustaining reductions in drug use and engaging in sex with multiple partners remains a challenge after incarceration.
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Crissman B, Smith C, Ransley J, Allard T. Women's Health in Queensland Prisons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2017; 61:582-603. [PMID: 26246370 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x15598960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Internationally, best practice for prison health care recommends transferring health service provision from corrections to health authorities. Although it is expected that this change will result in improved health care, there is little evidence of evaluation. This article used qualitative interviews with health service providers to gain insight into the health needs of women's prisons in Queensland, Australia, both prior to and after the transition in health care service provision. We found that service providers identified that problems persisted regardless of service provider and that improvement required increased resources and more fundamental structural changes within prison environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Crissman
- 1 Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catrin Smith
- 1 Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janet Ransley
- 1 Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Troy Allard
- 1 Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Swartz JA, Tabahi S. Community-Based Mental Health Treatment Preceding Jail Detention among Adults with Serious Mental Illness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MENTAL HEALTH 2017; 16:104-116. [PMID: 34234625 PMCID: PMC8259790 DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2016.1255283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on the effectiveness of community-based mental health treatment for offenders with a serious mental illness (SMI) has lacked specifics on the type and intensity of services received. This study examined the detailed lifetime and past-year community mental health treatment use of 431 (282 men; 149 women) jail detainees with SMI. Whereas a majority of participants reported high lifetime rates of mental health treatment they believed effective, treatment in the year and month prior to arrest and detention was accessed by only a minority of the sample. Where gender differences were found, women were less likely to receive treatment than men and more likely to leave treatment against medical advice in the year preceding arrest. Both substance use disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were significantly undertreated for both genders, and care was provided predominantly by psychiatrists suggesting an underuse of other mental health professionals. The implications for expanding treatment availability for offenders, particularly women, with an emphasis on broadening access to ancillary but critical services such as literacy training, housing and employment services, and case management provided by mental health professionals in conjunction with services provided by psychiatrists are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Swartz
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Jane Addams College of Social Work, 1040 W. Harrison Street, MC 309, Chicago, IL. 600607
| | - Suhad Tabahi
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Jane Addams College of Social Work, 1040 W. Harrison Street, MC 309, Chicago, IL. 600607
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Alves J, Costa Maia Â. Self-Reports of Health before and during Imprisonment in Female Inmates. PORTUGUESE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000481967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The health of female inmates has been described as more vulnerable than that of detained male and the overall female population. The purpose of this study is to describe health behaviors, history of diseases, health complaints, and health status of 232 incarcerated women. The women reported risk behaviors and unexpected health surveillance before their imprisonment. In prison, their tobacco use increased, drug consumption decreased and high rates of diseases, use of medicines, health complaints, and poor health status were found. The women’s perceptions of their current health, compared with the time period before prison, revealed different types of impact, with one-third reporting health improvements. These data suggest that women prisoners’ health and the prison’s impact on their health must be better studied in order to enhance the health intervention programs during imprisonment.
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Ahmed R, Angel C, Martel R, Pyne D, Keenan L. Access to healthcare services during incarceration among female inmates. Int J Prison Health 2016; 12:204-215. [DOI: 10.1108/ijph-04-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Incarcerated women have a disproportionate burden of infectious and chronic disease, in addition to substance use disorder and mental health illness, when compared to the general population (Binswanger et al., 2009; Fazel et al., 2006; Fuentes, 2013; Kouyoumdjian et al., 2012). Women often enter the correctional system in poor health, making incarceration an opportunity to address health issues. The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers to accessing health services that female inmates face during incarceration, the consequences to their health, and implications for correctional health services delivery.
Design/methodology/approach
Focus groups were conducted in Canadian correctional center with female inmates. Focus groups explored women’s experiences with accessing health services while incarcerated; the impact of access to health services on health during incarceration and in the community; and recommendations for improving access to health services. Thematic analysis was completed using N-vivo 10.
Findings
The women described multiple barriers to accessing health services that resulted in negative consequences to their health: treatment interruption; health disempowerment; poor mental and physical health; and recidivism into addiction and crime upon release. Women made three important recommendations for correctional health service delivery: provision of comprehensive health entry and exit assessments; improvement of health literacy; and establishment of health support networks. The recommendations were organized into an “Accessing Health Services Resource Manual” for incarcerated women.
Originality/value
There is a paucity of existing literature examining provision of health services for female inmates. These findings have relevancy for correctional and community health care providers and organizations that provide health services for this vulnerable population.
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Caulfield LS. Counterintuitive findings from a qualitative study of mental health in English women’s prisons. Int J Prison Health 2016; 12:216-229. [DOI: 10.1108/ijph-05-2016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Large numbers of women in prison report significant emotional and mental health problems, and there is evidence to suggest that the prison environment may exacerbate the incidence and severity of these issues (Armour, 2012). However, there has been limited exploration of the extent to which women’s mental health problems exist prior to incarceration, whether symptoms first occur in incarceration, and how incarceration affects this. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 women incarcerated in three English prisons and a thematic analysis of the data was conducted. Review of official prison records provided a form of data triangulation.
Findings
Analysis of the data revealed that while many women who experienced mental health issues in prison had experienced these issues in the past, a number of women reported first experiencing mental health and emotional problems only after entering prison. Although these problems often recede, this demonstrates the significant impact that entering prison can have upon the mental health of women. Unusually, the data highlighted many positive experiences of support within prison. However, there was some lack of consistency in the treatment and support offered to women.
Originality/value
The data presented here are in many ways more positive than previous research and – as opposed to much of the existing literature that simply states the prevalence women’s issues in prison – provides insight into the lived experiences of women in prison. This paper documents how prison can present an opportunity for women to engage with treatment, but there is a need for a clearer understanding of women’s needs and consistent and appropriate support.
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Abstract
The experiences of a group of mothers reentering the community after a period of incarceration are explored. The authors are particularly interested in how incarceration and subsequent reentry influence mothers' family relationships and primary risk and protective factors. Eighty-min interviews are conducted with 28 women probationers who had at least one minor child and had undergone incarceration at least 2 months prior to release. Descriptive analyses reveal that mental health risks characterize many mothers in this study, resource adequacy and parenting stress are significantly related, and family support is an important factor in successful reentry. It also appears that incarceration, even for short periods, is associated with shifts in family configuration on mothers' release by increasing the likelihood of divorce and decreasing the likelihood that mothers will reside with the father of at least one of their biological children. Implications for intervention and directions for future research are discussed.
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Nyamathi AM, Zhang S, Salem BE, Farabee D, Hall B, Marlow E, Faucette M, Bond D, Yadav K. A randomized clinical trial of tailored interventions for health promotion and recidivism reduction among homeless parolees: outcomes and cost analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CRIMINOLOGY 2016; 12:49-74. [PMID: 27217822 PMCID: PMC4874341 DOI: 10.1007/s11292-015-9236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study conducted a randomized controlled trial with 600 recently released homeless men exiting California jails and prisons. METHODS The purpose of this study was to primarily ascertain how different levels of intensity in peer coaching and nurse-partnered intervention programs may impact reentry outcomes; specifically: (a) an intensive peer coach and nurse case managed (PC-NCM) program; (b) an intermediate peer coaching (PC) program with brief nurse counseling; and (c) the usual care (UC) program involving limited peer coaching and brief nurse counseling. Secondary outcomes evaluated the operational cost of each program. RESULTS When compared to baseline, all three groups made progress on key health-related outcomes during the 12-month intervention period; further, 84.5 % of all participants eligible for hepatitis A/B vaccination completed their vaccine series. The results of the detailed operational cost analysis suggest the least costly approach (i.e., UC), which accounted for only 2.11 % of the total project expenditure, was as effective in achieving comparable outcomes for this parolee population as the PC-NCM and PC approaches, which accounted for 53.98 % and 43.91 %, respectively, of the project budget. CONCLUSIONS In this study, all three intervention strategies were found to be comparable in achieving a high rate of vaccine completion, which over time will likely produce tremendous savings to the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline M. Nyamathi
- University of California at Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702, USA
| | | | - Benissa E. Salem
- University of California at Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702, USA
| | - David Farabee
- University of California Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Betsy Hall
- University of California Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Marlow
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Doug Bond
- Amity Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kartik Yadav
- University of California at Los Angeles, School of Nursing, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1702, USA
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Nyamathi A, Salem BE, Farabee D, Hall E, Zhang S, Faucette M, Bond D, Yadav K. Impact of an intervention for recently released homeless offenders on self-reported re-arrest at 6 and 12 months. J Addict Dis 2016; 36:60-71. [PMID: 26849409 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2016.1147796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 600 paroled men, homeless prior to incarceration, to assess varying levels of peer-coach and nurse-partnered interventions on re-arrest at 6 and 12 months. Findings revealed that positive predictors of re-arrest at 12 months included having received social support from drug users and non-drug users, as well as having used marijuana at least once a week prior to their most recent incarceration. In terms of protective factors, those who participated in a substance abuse program contract within a residential drug treatment program or spent 90 days or greater in a residential drug treatment program were less likely to have been re-arrested within 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Nyamathi
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Benissa E Salem
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - David Farabee
- b Integrated Substance Abuse Program , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Elizabeth Hall
- b Integrated Substance Abuse Program , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Sheldon Zhang
- c Department of Sociology , San Diego State University , San Diego , California , USA
| | - Mark Faucette
- d Amistad de Los Angeles, Amity Foundation , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Doug Bond
- d Amistad de Los Angeles, Amity Foundation , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Kartik Yadav
- a School of Nursing , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Bedell P, Wilson JL, White AM, Morse DS. "Our commonality is our past:" a qualitative analysis of re-entry community health workers' meaningful experiences. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2015; 3:19. [PMID: 26744636 PMCID: PMC4701054 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-015-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Re-entry community health workers (CHWs) are individuals who connect diverse community residents at risk for chronic health issues such as Hepatitis C virus and cardiovascular disease with post-prison healthcare and re-entry services. While the utilization of CHWs has been documented in other marginalized populations, there is little knowledge surrounding the work of re-entry CHWs with individuals released from incarceration. Specifically, CHWs' experiences and perceptions of the uniqueness of their efforts to link individuals to healthcare have not been documented systematically. This study explored what is meaningful to formerly incarcerated CHWs as they work with released individuals. METHODS The authors conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of twelve meaningful experiences written by re-entry CHWs employed by the Transitions Clinic Network who attended a CHW training program during a conference in San Francisco, CA. Study participants were encouraged to recount meaningful CHW experiences and motivations for working with re-entry populations in a manner consistent with journal-based qualitative analysis techniques. Narratives were coded using an iterative process and subsequently organized according to themes in ATLAS.ti. Study personnel came to consensus with coding and major themes. RESULTS The narratives highlighted thought processes and meaning related to re-entry CHWs' work helping patients navigate complex social services for successful re-integration. Six major themes emerged from the analysis: advocacy and support, empathy relating to a personal history of incarceration, giving back, professional satisfaction and responsibilities, resiliency and educational advancement, and experiences of social inequities related to race. Re-entry CHWs described former incarceration, employment, and social justice as sources of meaning for assisting justice-involved individuals receive effective, efficient, and high-quality healthcare. CONCLUSIONS Health clinics for individuals released from incarceration provide a unique setting that links high risk patients to needed care and professionalizes career opportunities for formerly incarcerated re-entry CHWs. The commonality of past correctional involvement is a strong indicator of the meaning and perceived effectiveness re-entry CHWs find in working with individuals leaving prison. Expansion of reimbursable visits with re-entry CHWs in transitions clinics designed for re-entering individuals is worthy of further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Bedell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - John L. Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Ann Marie White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Diane S. Morse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Morse DS, Silverstein J, Thomas K, Bedel P, Cerulli C. Finding the loopholes: a cross-sectional qualitative study of systemic barriers to treatment access for women drug court participants. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2015; 3:12. [PMID: 26478853 PMCID: PMC4607061 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-015-0026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic diversion courts seek to address justice-involved participants' underlying problems leading to their legal system involvement, including substance use disorder, psychiatric illness, and intimate partner violence. The courts have not addressed systemic hurdles, which can contribute to a cycle of substance use disorder and recidivism, which in turn hinder health and wellness. The study purpose is to explore the systemic issues faced by women participants in drug treatment court from multiple perspectives to understand how these issues may relate to health and wellness in their lives. METHODS Qualitative thematic framework analysis of five separate focus groups consisting of female drug treatment court participants, community providers, and court staff (n = 25). Themes were mapped across the socio-ecological framework and contextualized according to social determinants of health. RESULTS Numerous systemic factors impacted women's access to treatment. Laws and legal policies (governance) excluded those who could potentially have benefitted from therapeutic court and did not allow consideration of parenting issues. Macroeconomic policies limit housing options for those with convictions. Social policies limited transportation, education, and employment options. Public policies limited healthcare and social protection and ability to access available resources. Culture and societal values, including stigma, limited treatment options. CONCLUSIONS By understanding the social determinant of health for women in drug treatment court and stakeholder's perceptions, the legal system can implement public policy to better address the health needs of women drug court participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S. Morse
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Women’s Initiative Supporting Health Center for Community Health, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Jennifer Silverstein
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Katherine Thomas
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Precious Bedel
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
- University of Rochester School of Medicine, LIVV and Susan B. Anthony Center for Women’s Leadership, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Johnson JE, Schonbrun YC, Peabody ME, Shefner RT, Fernandes KM, Rosen RK, Zlotnick C. Provider Experiences with Prison Care and Aftercare for Women with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: Treatment, Resource, and Systems Integration Challenges. J Behav Health Serv Res 2015; 42:417-36. [PMID: 24595815 PMCID: PMC4156568 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-014-9397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Incarcerated women with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (COD) face complex psychosocial challenges at community reentry. This study used qualitative methods to evaluate the perspectives of 14 prison and aftercare providers about service delivery challenges and treatment needs of reentering women with COD. Providers viewed the needs of women prisoners with COD as distinct from those of women with substance use alone and from men with COD. Providers described optimal aftercare for women with COD as including contact with the same provider before and after release, access to services within 24-72 hours after release, assistance with managing multiple social service agencies, assistance with relationship issues, and long-term follow-up. Providers also described larger service system and societal issues, including systems integration and ways in which a lack of prison and community aftercare resources impacted quality of care and reentry outcomes. Practice and policy implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA.
| | - Yael Chatav Schonbrun
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Marlanea E Peabody
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Ruth T Shefner
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Karen M Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Rochelle K Rosen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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43
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Arias D, Becerra BJ, Becerra MB. Racial and ethnic differences in asthma and mental health among US adults: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. J Asthma 2015; 52:715-20. [PMID: 25584661 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1005843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the racial and ethnic differences in asthma and mental health comorbidity. METHODS A secondary analysis of 2008-2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted, resulting in a total of 206 993 civilian adult respondents to evaluate the association between asthma and mental health (past year serious psychological distress [SPD] and doctor diagnosis of depression). Both survey weighted bivariate (chi-square) and multivariable (binary logistic) regression analyses, after accounting for control variables, were conducted to evaluate the asthma/mental health nexus. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to denote significance. RESULTS Current asthma was significantly associated with past year SPD for non-Hispanic Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45), Hispanics (aOR = 1.68), and Black/African Americans (aOR = 1.47). A similar association was noted for current asthma and past year doctor diagnosis of depression (non-Hispanic White aOR = 1.74; Hispanics aOR = 1.77; Black/African American aOR = 1.62). Among those with lifetime asthma, higher odds of SPD were reported for non-Hispanic Whites (aOR = 1.42), Hispanics (aOR = 1.64), and Black/African Americans (aOR = 1.50). Lifetime asthma also significantly associated with past year doctor diagnosis of depression for non-Hispanic Whites (aOR = 1.42), Hispanics (aOR = 1.41), and Black/African Americans (aOR = 1.46). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the significant burden of asthma and mental health comorbidity among diverse racial and ethnic groups. Improved public health efforts through promotion of integrated care for early screening and preventive measures are needed to alleviate the burden for at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Arias
- a Department of Health Science and Human Ecology , California State University , San Bernardino , CA , USA
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Staton-Tindall M, Harp KLH, Minieri A, Oser C, Webster JM, Havens J, Leukefeld C. An exploratory study of mental health and HIV risk behavior among drug-using rural women in jail. Psychiatr Rehabil J 2015; 38:45-54. [PMID: 25799305 PMCID: PMC4372151 DOI: 10.1037/prj0000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rural women, particularly those in the criminal justice system, are at risk for HIV related to the increasing prevalence of injection drug use as well as limited services. Research on HIV risk correlates, including drug use and mental health, has primarily focused on urban women incarcerated in prisons. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine dual HIV risk by 3 different mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among drug-using women in rural jails. METHOD This study involved random selection, screening, and face-to-face interviews with 136 women in 1 Appalachian state. Analyses focused on the relationship between mental health and HIV risk. RESULTS Nearly 80% of women self-reported symptoms of depression, and more than 60% endorsed symptoms consistent with anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Mental health significantly correlated with severity of certain types of drug use, as well as risky sexual activity. In addition, for women experiencing anxiety and PTSD, injection drug use moderated the relationship between mental health and risky sexual activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Based on these rates of drug use, mental health problems, and the emergence of injection drug use in rural Appalachia, the need to explore the relationships between these issues among vulnerable and understudied populations, such as rural women, is critical. Because of service limitations in rural communities, criminal justice venues such as jails provide opportune settings for screening, assessment, and intervention for drug use, mental health, and HIV education and prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathi L H Harp
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky
| | - Alexandra Minieri
- Charlotte Counseling Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte
| | - Carrie Oser
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky
| | - J Matthew Webster
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Jennifer Havens
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Carl Leukefeld
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
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45
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Few-Demo AL, Arditti JA. Relational vulnerabilities of incarcerated and reentry mothers: therapeutic implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2014; 58:1297-1320. [PMID: 23847275 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x13495378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A qualitative study involving a follow-up interview with 10 incarcerated and reentry mothers in rural southwest and central Virginia was conducted to explore the influence that women's close relationships have on their reentry experiences with their families. The Vulnerability Conceptual Model (VCM) was used to sensitize an examination of how incarcerated and reentry mothers negotiate relational vulnerabilities in the context of varying situational vulnerability. Grounded theory analysis revealed three themes that characterized relational vulnerabilities. Given our focus on close relationships and the potential of the VCM to identify opportunities for resilience and vulnerability, we highlighted the influence of ambiguous and ambivalent relationships and unresolved loss and grief due to relationship dissolution or the death of a parent, sibling, child, or intimate partner in the reentry process. The data revealed two types of reentry mothers with divergent trajectories for social reintegration. Implications of these types for therapeutic treatment approaches for reentry women are discussed.
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Liebman RE, Burnette ML, Raimondi C, Nichols-Hadeed C, Merle P, Cerulli C. Piloting a psycho-social intervention for incarcerated women with trauma histories: lessons learned and future recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2014; 58:894-913. [PMID: 23804649 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x13491073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Trauma and related mental health disorders are common among incarcerated women, but empirically sound mental health interventions are lacking in prisons. Implementing such interventions is fraught with legal and logistical barriers. These barriers can be particularly detrimental for trauma-specific interventions given the unique needs of trauma survivors, yet there is little documentation of these issues or how to address them. This study describes a pilot study of an 8-week, strengths-based, trauma-focused intervention for 26 incarcerated women. Women reported considerable mental health problems and trauma. The study highlights the importance of adapting stringent research methodologies for prison-based trauma interventions. For instance, women with trauma were reluctant to participate in an intervention advertised as trauma-based. Moreover, a randomized wait list control design was unfeasible because women wanted the support of their friends when discussing trauma and could not control their schedules 9 weeks in advance. Ultimately, this work may inform future efforts to implement effective trauma-based interventions behind prison walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Liebman
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mandi L Burnette
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Cerulli
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY, USA Department of Susan B Anthony Center for Women's Leadership, University of Rochester, NY, USA
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Salem BE, Nyamathi A, Keenan C, Zhang S, Marlow E, Khalilifard F, Yadav K, Faucette M, Leake B, Marfisee M. Correlates of risky alcohol and methamphetamine use among currently homeless male parolees. J Addict Dis 2014; 32:365-76. [PMID: 24325770 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2013.849973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Homeless men on parole are a hard-to-reach population with significant community reintegration challenges. This cross-sectional study describes sociodemographic, cognitive, psychosocial, and drug-related correlates of alcohol and methamphetamine use in 157 homeless male parolees (age range 18-60) enrolled in a substance abuse treatment center in Los Angeles, California. Logistic regression results revealed that being African American and older were negatively related to methamphetamine use, whereas being older and more hostile were related to riskier alcohol abuse. Findings from this study provide a greater understanding of correlates of methamphetamine and alcohol--two of the most detrimental forms of substances abused among currently homeless parolees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benissa E Salem
- a School of Nursing , University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California , USA
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48
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Abstract
Two federal reports dating from 1999 and 2006 are by far the most widely cited sources for the prevalence of mental illness among persons in U.S. jails and prisons. To provide a broader picture of the issue, the author undertook a systematic review of 28 articles published between 1989 and 2013. Not only did the review confirm the high prevalence of mental illnesses among prisoners, it identified a litany of health problems associated with the incarceration of persons with mental illness and profound difficulties in finding housing and employment after release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Prins
- Mr. Prins is with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City (e-mail: )
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49
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Masho SW, Bishop DL, Keyser-Marcus L, Varner SB, White S, Svikis D. Least explored factors associated with prenatal smoking. Matern Child Health J 2014; 17:1167-74. [PMID: 22903305 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-012-1103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poor pregnancy and birth outcomes are major problems in the United States, and maternal smoking during pregnancy has been identified as one of the most preventable risk factors associated with these outcomes. This study examines less explored risk factors of smoking among underserved African American pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at an outpatient obstetrics-gynecology clinic of an inner-city university hospital in Virginia from March 2009 through January 2011 in which pregnant women (N = 902) were interviewed at their first prenatal care visit. Survey questions included items related to women's sociodemographic characteristics as well as their pregnancy history; criminal history; receipt of social services; child protective services involvement; insurance status; and history of substance abuse, domestic violence, and depression. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals depicting the relationship between these factors and smoking during pregnancy. The analysis reported that maternal age [OR = 1.08, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.12], less than high school education [OR = 4.30, 95 % CI = 2.27-8.14], unemployed [OR = 2.33, 95 % CI = 1.35-4.04], criminal history [OR = 1.66, 95 % CI = 1.05-2.63], receipt of social services [OR = 2.26, 95 % CI = 1.35-3.79] alcohol use [OR = 2.73, 95 % CI = 1.65-4.51] and illicit drug use [OR = 1.97, 95 % CI = 1.04-3.74] during pregnancy were statistically significant risk factors associated with smoking during pregnancy. In addition to the well known risk factors, public health professionals should be aware that criminal history and receipt of social services are important factors associated with smoking during pregnancy. Social service providers such as WIC and prisons and jails may offer a unique opportunity for education and cessation interventions during the preconception or interconception period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba W Masho
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, VCU Institute of Women's Health, VCU Center on Health Disparities, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
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50
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Minieri AM, Staton-Tindall M, Leukefeld C, Clarke JG, Surratt HL, Frisman LK. Relationship power as a mediator of intimate partner violence and mental health issues among incarcerated, substance-using women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2014; 58:303-19. [PMID: 23358104 PMCID: PMC5520997 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x12472017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine perceived relationship power as a mediator of the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health issues among incarcerated women with a history of substance use. Cross-sectional data from 304 women as part of the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) were used to evaluate this hypothesis. Regression analyses examined the mediation relationship of perceived relationship power in the association between a history of IPV and mental health issues. Results supported the hypothesis, suggesting that perceived relationship power helps to explain the association between IPV and mental health issues. Implications of the findings for the provision of services to address the needs of these women are discussed, including assessment of perceived relationship power and focusing counseling interventions on women's experiences with power in intimate relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer G. Clarke
- The Center for Primary Care and Prevention at Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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