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Fabunmi OA, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. High-fat diet promotes coagulation and endothelial activation in Sprague Dawley rats: Short-term effects of combined oral contraceptives. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2024; 36:60-70. [PMID: 37949735 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), use in individuals are associated with increased risk of thrombotic events. This highlights the significance of assessing the impact of COC on promoting coagulation and endothelial activation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Twenty (20) five-weeks-old female Sprague Dawley rats weighing between 150 and 200g were subjected to both LFD and HFD-feeding for 8-weeks to determine its influence on basic metabolic status, hemostatic profile, hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate), as well as selected biomarkers of coagulation (tissue factor and D-dimer) and endothelial activation (Von Willebrand factor and nitric oxide). Thereafter HFD-fed animals were treated with receive high dose combined oral contraceptive (HCOC) and low dose combine oral contraceptive (LCOC) for 6 weeks. RESULTS Our results showed that beyond weight gain, HFD-feeding was associated with hyperglycemia, increased mean arterial pressure, and reduced nitric oxide levels when compared with LFD group (p<0.05). Interestingly, treatment with high dose of COC for 6-weeks did not significantly alter atherothrombotic markers (p>0.05). However, this study is not without limitation as regulation of these markers remains to be confirmed within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals. CONCLUSION HFD-feeding orchestrate the concomitant release of pro-coagulants and endothelial activation markers in rats leading to haemostatic imbalance and endothelial dysfunction. Short-term treatment with COC shows no detrimental effects in these HFD-fed rats. Although in terms of clinical relevance, our findings depict the notion that the risk of CVD in association with COC may depend on the dosage and duration of use among other factors especially in certain conditions. However, additional studies are required to confirm these findings, especially long-term effects of this treatment within the cardiac tissues or endothelial cells of these animals in certain conditions relating to postmenopausal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyesanmi A Fabunmi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 5363, Nigeria
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3880, South Africa
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Yang C, Tian X, Han Y, Shi X, Wang H, Li H. Extracts of Dunkelfelder Grape Seeds and Peel Increase the Metabolic Rate and Reduce Fat Deposition in Mice Maintained on a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:3251. [PMID: 37685184 PMCID: PMC10487004 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic high-fat diet intake may induce obesity and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. The pomace of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is rich in polyphenols, which are candidates for anti-obesity therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Dunkelfelder grape seed extract (GSE) and grape peel extract (GPE) on lipid and energy metabolism disorders in mice maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Male nine-week C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups, namely, the normal chow diet (ND), HFD, HFD plus GSE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage, or HFD plus GPE (400 mg/kg BW) administered by oral gavage. There were eight mice per group, and the experiment was 14 weeks in duration. The results showed that GSE and GPE treatments did not affect energy intake in mice on a high-fat diet, but body weight gain was 24.5% and 17.3% lower in the GSE- and GPE-treated mice than in the HFD group, respectively. They also decreased blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, GSE and GPE reduced adipose tissue weight and excessive lipid droplet accumulation in the adipocytes. The metabolic chamber test showed that the GSE and GPE treatments enhanced oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and heat release while decreasing the respiratory exchange rate (RER). This suggests that GSE and GPE augmented fuel oxidation and energy generation and increased the proportion of lipids being utilized in energy metabolism. GSE and GPE also upregulated the genes controlling lipolysis and downregulated those controlling lipogenesis in adipose tissues. Moreover, they significantly increased the expression levels of the genes regulating thermogenesis in BAT, eWAT, and iWAT, and mitochondrial biogenesis in all three types of adipose tissue. In conclusion, the present study empirically demonstrated that GSE and GPE enhance body fat utilization by augmenting lipid and energy metabolism and could, therefore, ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xuelin Tian
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yulei Han
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xueqing Shi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (C.Y.); (X.T.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (H.W.)
- China Wine Industry Technology Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China
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3
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He W, Lin A, Wang C. Adipocyte-Derived Exosomal LINC00968 Promotes Mouse Retina Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in a High-Glucose Environment by Modulating the miR-361-5p/TRAF3 Axis. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:124-135. [PMID: 36216243 DOI: 10.1055/a-1939-7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
As a major cause of mortality, cardiovascular disease is associated with obesity and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which diabetes-obesity causes cardiovascular complications is largely unknown. In this study, the crosstalk mediated by 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse retina microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs) was determined after co-culturing performed with a Transwell system or measuring exosome uptake by mRMECs. CCK-8 assays, EdU incorporation assays, TUNEL staining, and ELISAs were used to evaluate the functions of mRMECs. Related protein markers were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed that LINC00968 levels were significantly elevated in the exosomes derived from H-Glu-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Both H-Glu treatment and co-culture with 3T3-L1 cells damaged mRMECs, as indicated by lower rates of proliferation and higher rates of apoptosis and cell adhesion molecule expression, as well as by induced inflammation and oxidative stress, which were enhanced by combined H-Glu and co-culture treatment. Furthermore, H-Glu and co-culture treatment increased LINC00968 expression in mRMECs, and the exosomes collected from 3T3-L1 cells had a similar effect. Functionally, LINC00968 inhibition protected mRMECs against the effects of H-Glu and co-culture treatment, while LINC00968 played the opposite role. LINC00968 was found to target miR-361-5p, and TRAF3 was identified as a target gene of miR-361-5p. Finally, miR-361-5p overexpression alleviated the effects of LINC00968 on H-Glu-induced mRMEC dysfunction in vitro. In conclusion, our results indicated that in an H-glu environment, adipocyte exosomes damage microvascular endothelial cells via a LINC00968/miR-361-5p/TRAF3 signaling pathway, which could possibly serve as a target for treating diabetes-obesity-triggered microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Anhua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
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4
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Aimagambetov MZ, Orazgalieva MT, Omarov NB, Zhanybekov SD, Orazalina AS. Blood Disorders in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice: A Literature Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mechanical jaundice is a pathological syndrome consisting in a violation of the outflow of hepatic bile through the bile ducts into the duodenum due to mechanical obstacles. The most common causes of mechanical jaundice are gallstone disease, malignant tumors, as well as cicatricial stricture of the bile duct or the large duodenal papilla of the duodenum. All this leads to the development of renal-hepatic insufficiency. Thrombohemorrhagic changes develop in the vascular bed, leading to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Prevention and treatment of cholemic bleeding in case of mechanical jaundice remains one of the complex problems of hepatobiliary surgery. This article is an overview of the causes and pathophysiological changes affecting hemostasis in mechanical jaundice, as well as the main points of treatment of hemostasis disorders in patients with mechanical jaundice.
AIM: This study aims to study the literature on homeostasis in patients with mechanical jaundice.
SEARCH STRATEGY: To conduct a systematic search for scientific information and to achieve this goal, an analysis of scientific publications in evidence-based medicine databases (PubMed), using specialized search engines (Google Scholar) and in electronic scientific libraries (CyberLeninka, e-library) was carried out from 2005 to 2020.
INCLUSION CRITERIA: Research of high methodological quality: Meta-analysis, systematic review and cohort studies, as well as publications with clearly formulated and statistically proven conclusions in English, Russian, and Kazakh.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Summaries of reports, reports in the form of abstracts, and advertising articles.
RESULTS: The mechanisms that affect hemostasis in obstructive jaundice can be considered from four perspectives: The first relates to Vitamin K deficiency in obstructive jaundice, the second describes the effect of ongoing fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver on hemostasis, the third analyzes the relationship between infectious-septic mechanisms and the hemostasis system, their clinical significance in patients with obstructive jaundice, and the latter involves the analysis of specific factors that manifest obstructive jaundice and may themselves affect the blood coagulation system.
CONCLUSION: Understanding the pathophysiology of hemostatic changes in patients with cholestasis and, more generally, liver disease is a clear way to accurate diagnosis and treatment. The combination of good knowledge with careful examination of each patient can lead to the most promising result.
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Ugwoke CK, Cvetko E, Umek N. Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction in Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020847. [PMID: 35055038 PMCID: PMC8778410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worrisomely escalating public health problem globally and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable disease. The epidemiological link between obesity and a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic disorders has been well documented; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially understood, and effective treatment options remain scarce. Given its critical role in glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle has increasingly become a focus of attention in understanding the mechanisms of impaired insulin function in obesity and the associated metabolic sequelae. We examined the current evidence on the relationship between microvascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity. A growing body of evidence suggest an intimate and reciprocal relationship between skeletal muscle microvascular and glucometabolic physiology. The obesity phenotype is characterized by structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscle microcirculation which contribute to insulin dysfunction and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Several interconnected etiologic molecular mechanisms have been suggested, including endothelial dysfunction by several factors, extracellular matrix remodelling, and induction of oxidative stress and the immunoinflammatory phenotype. We further correlated currently available pharmacological agents that have deductive therapeutic relevance to the explored pathophysiological mechanisms, highlighting a potential clinical perspective in obesity treatment.
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6
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Palmer TM, Salt IP. Nutrient regulation of inflammatory signalling in obesity and vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1563-1590. [PMID: 34231841 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite obesity and diabetes markedly increasing the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this association remain poorly characterised. In the last 20 years it has become apparent that chronic, low-grade inflammation in obese adipose tissue may contribute to the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, increased vascular pro-inflammatory signalling is a key event in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Overnutrition exacerbates pro-inflammatory signalling in vascular and adipose tissues, with several mechanisms proposed to mediate this. In this article, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which nutrients are proposed to regulate pro-inflammatory signalling in adipose and vascular tissues. In addition, we examine the potential therapeutic opportunities that these mechanisms provide for suppression of inappropriate inflammation in obesity and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Palmer
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Tomé-Castro XM, Rodriguez-Arrastia M, Cardona D, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Molina-Torres G, Roman P. Probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in obesity and overweight: a systematic review. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:5-15. [PMID: 33459204 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are two of the most health challenges with an increasing prevalence in recent years, in which several complications have been identified to have a high impact in patients' health conditions. In this vein, an increasing interest in the gut microbiota has emerged as a target for therapeutic strategies in obesity and overweight due to its direct relation with the aforementioned health conditions and complications. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics as a therapeutic strategy in the management of obesity and overweight. A systematic review of randomised controlled trials was carried out in 6 databases until May 2019 to assess the use of probiotics in obesity and overweight patients. The Jadad Scale was used to assess the quality of the clinical trials. Twenty-three clinical trials published between 2000 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria. The role of probiotics in reducing body mass index and weight as well as changing the visceral abdominal fat area, waist and hip circumference were shown in 14 of 23 trials (60.87%); 14 trials (60.87%) showed changes on patients' fatty acids and biomarkers; and 4 trials (17.39%) studied the role of the gut microbiota in obese and overweight patients. Some probiotics strains are shown to be effective in reducing body mass index and hip circumference. This review provides evidence of successful results in weight loss using probiotic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Tomé-Castro
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - M Rodriguez-Arrastia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Pre-Department of Nursing, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain.,Research Group CYS, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jaume I University, Av. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - D Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - L Rueda-Ruzafa
- Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - G Molina-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, C/Santander 1, 52071 Melilla, Spain
| | - P Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Health Research Centre, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain.,Research Group CTS-451 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
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8
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CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS ACCORDING TO METABOLIC PHENOTYPES OF PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AN OBESITY OUTPATIENT CLINIC. ANADOLU KLINIĞI TIP BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.21673/anadoluklin.774351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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9
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Persil-Ozkan O, Yigit E, Yigit Z. Does weight loss affect the parameters that are metabolically related to cardiovascular diseases? Saudi Med J 2019; 40:347-352. [PMID: 30957127 PMCID: PMC6506665 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.4.24007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the differences in the parameters that are metabolically related to cardiovascular diseases after weight loss in obese people with coronary artery diseases (CADs). METHODS This study was conducted on 184 patients who were diagnosed with CADs in Istanbul University Cardiology Institute Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. The levels of leptin, fibrinogen, homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose and insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and uric acid of the obese patients who were put on calorie restricted diet were evaluated retrospectively and compared before and after weight loss. For comparison, non-obese control patients were also studied. Student's t-test and Chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Levels of homocysteine, glycated hemoglobin, and leptin were significantly higher in the obese patients than in the non-obese patients. Diabetic obese patients with CADs lost (11.1%) and non-diabetic obese patients with CADs lost (10.5%) of their body weight in 6 months. The levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, and fibrinogen were significantly improved in both groups. Conclusion: The obese patients lost weight after being on calorie-restricted diets and showed significant improvement in the levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, fibrinogen. There was no significant difference in the levels of homocysteine, hs-CRP, and leptin before and after weight loss in both diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Persil-Ozkan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail.
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10
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CPI-17-mediated contraction of vascular smooth muscle is essential for the development of hypertension in obese mice. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:109-118. [PMID: 30948334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several factors have been implicated in obesity-related hypertension, but the genesis of the hypertension is largely unknown. In this study, we found a significantly upregulated expression of CPI-17 (C-kinase-potentiated protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor of 17 kDa) and protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in the vascular smooth muscles of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. The obese wild-type mice showed a significant elevation of blood pressure and enhanced calcium-sensitized contraction of vascular smooth muscles. However, the obese CPI-17-deficient mice showed a normotensive blood pressure, and the calcium-sensitized contraction was consistently reduced. In addition, the mutant muscle displayed an abolished responsive force to a PKC activator and a 30%-50% reduction in both the initial peak force and sustained force in response to various G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Our observations showed that CPI-17-mediated calcium sensitization is mediated through a GPCR/PKC/CPI-17/MLCP/RLC signaling pathway. We therefore propose that the upregulation of CPI-17-mediated calcium-sensitized vasocontraction by obesity contributes to the development of obesity-related hypertension.
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Kemmler W, Weissenfels A, Willert S, Shojaa M, von Stengel S, Filipovic A, Kleinöder H, Berger J, Fröhlich M. Efficacy and Safety of Low Frequency Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) to Improve Health-Related Outcomes in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:573. [PMID: 29875684 PMCID: PMC5974506 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise positively affects most risk factors, diseases and disabling conditions of middle to advanced age, however the majority of middle-aged to older people fall short of the exercise doses recommended for positively affecting cardio-metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurophysiological fitness or disabling conditions. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) may be a promising exercise technology for people unable or unmotivated to exercise conventionally. However, until recently there has been a dearth of evidence with respect to WB-EMS-induced effects on health-related outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the effects, limitations and risks of WB-EMS as a preventive or therapeutic tool for non-athletic adults. Electronic searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane and Eric were run to identify randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses of individual patient data and peer reviewed scientific theses that examined (1) WB-EMS-induced changes of musculoskeletal risk factors and diseases (2) WB-EMS-induced changes of functional capacity and physical fitness (3) WB-EMS-induced changes of cardio-metabolic risk factors and diseases (4) Risk factors of WB-EMS application and adverse effects during WB-EMS interventions. Two researchers independently reviewed articles for eligibility and methodological quality. Twenty-three eligible research articles generated by fourteen research projects were finally included. In summary, thirteen projects were WB-EMS trials and one study was a meta-analysis of individual patient data. WB-EMS significantly improves muscle mass and function while reducing fat mass and low back pain. Although there is some evidence of a positive effect of WB-EMS on cardio-metabolic risk factors, this aspect requires further detailed study. Properly applied and supervised, WB-EMS appears to be a safe training technology. In summary, WB-EMS represents a safe and reasonable option for cohorts unable or unwilling to join conventional exercise programs. However, much like all other types of exercise, WB-EMS does not affect every aspect of physical performance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kemmler
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Willert
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mahdieh Shojaa
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon von Stengel
- Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Filipovic
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Training Sciences and Sports Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heinz Kleinöder
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Training Sciences and Sports Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joshua Berger
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Round-Table Whole-Body Electromyostimulation, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Hübers M, Geisler C, Bosy-Westphal A, Braun W, Pourhassan M, Sørensen TIA, Müller MJ. Association between fat mass, adipose tissue, fat fraction per adipose tissue, and metabolic risks: a cross-sectional study in normal, overweight, and obese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:62-71. [PMID: 29670259 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We investigated whether fat mass (FM) and total adipose tissue (TAT) can be used interchangeably and FM per TAT adds to metabolic risk assessment. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional data were assessed in 377 adults (aged 18-60 years; 51.2% women). FM was measured by either 4-compartment (4C) model or quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR); total-, subcutaneous- and visceral adipose tissue (TAT, SAT, VAT), and liver fat by whole-body MRI; leptin, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and triglycerides; resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient by indirect calorimetry were determined. Correlations and stepwise multivariate regression analyses were performed. RESULTS FM4C and FMQMR were associated with TAT (r4C = 0.96, rQMR = 0.99) with a mean FM per TAT of 0.85 and 1.01, respectively. Regardless of adiposity, there was a considerable inter-individual variance of FM/TAT-ratio (FM4C/TAT-ratio: 0.77-0.94; FMQMR/TAT-ratio: 0.89-1.10). Both, FM4C and TAT were associated with metabolic risks. Further, FM4C/TAT-ratio was positively related to leptin but inversely with CRP. There was no association between FM4C/TAT-ratio and VAT/SAT or liver fat. FM4C/TAT-ratio added to the variance of leptin and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Independent of FM or TAT, FM4C/TAT-ratio adds to metabolic risk assessment. Therefore, the interchangeable use of FM and TAT to assess metabolic risks is questionable as both parameters may complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hübers
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Geisler
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maryam Pourhassan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (Section on Metabolic Genetics), and the Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
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13
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Mice with diet-induced obesity demonstrate a relative prothrombotic factor profile and a thicker aorta with reduced ex-vivo function. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 29:257-266. [DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Leão VF, Ferreira LLDM, Melo CM, Bonfleur ML, da Silva LL, Carneiro EM, Raimundo JM, Ribeiro RA. Taurine supplementation prevents endothelial dysfunction and attenuates structural changes in aortas from hypothalamic obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:551-563. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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El-Menyar A, Asim M, Al-Thani H. Obesity Paradox in Patients With Deep Venous Thrombosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2017; 24:986-992. [PMID: 28877605 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617727858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between obesity and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in a country with a high prevalence of obesity. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who presented with DVT between 2008 and 2012. Data were analyzed and compared based on body mass index (BMI), and patients were classified into normal (<25), overweight (≥25 to <30), obese I (30 to <35), obese II (35 to <40), and obese III (≥40). Among 662 patients with DVT, 28% were overweight and 49% were obese. The mean age was 50.3 (16.5) years, and 51% were females. Diabetes mellitus and prior venous thromboembolism were significantly higher among obese patients. History of malignancy was more common in nonobese patients. Protein S and antithrombin III deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia were more prevalent among morbid obese patients. Also, obese patients had higher incidence of thrombosis in the distal veins ( P = .03). Warfarin use and long-term therapy were more frequent in obese than nonobese. Postthrombotic syndrome was comparable in obese and nonobese groups. Recurrent DVT was higher in obese I ( P < .01), whereas mortality rates were greater in nonobese groups ( P = .001). Malignancy, diabetes mellitus, and common femoral vein involvement were predictors of mortality, whereas BMI ≥30 was the predictor of survival. Cox regression models showed that after adjusting for age, sex, pulmonary embolism, and duration of warfarin treatment, BMI ≥40 had better survival (hazard ratio: 0.177, 95% confidence interval: 0.045-0.691, P = .013). There is a significant association between obesity and DVT. Obese patients have characteristic risk factors and better survival. This obesity paradox needs further studies to assess its clinical and pharmacotherapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Menyar
- 1 Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,2 Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- 1 Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- 3 Trauma and vascular Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Association between individual fat depots and cardio-metabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e267. [PMID: 28481336 PMCID: PMC5518802 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine age-related associations between fat mass (FM), regional fat depots and cardiometabolic traits in normal- and overweight children, adolescents and adults. METHODS Detailed body composition (regional subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue; SAT, VAT) by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), FM and fat-free mass by air-displacement plethysmography, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), plasma glucose and plasma insulin were measured in 433 subjects (BMI: 23.6 (21.0-27.7); 151 children and adolescents, aged 6-18 years, 150 young adults, aged 18-30 years and 132 adults, aged 30-60 years). Data were derived from pooled data of the 'Reference Center for Body Composition' in Kiel, Germany. Insulin resistance was determined by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Partial correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between body composition and cardiometabolic traits. A descriptive approach was used to demonstrate age-dependent differences in associations between body fat depots and insulin resistance, independent of BMI. RESULTS FM, SAT, and VAT increased from childhood to adulthood with low VAT in children and adolescents. When compared to children, TG was higher in adults. HDL and DBP did not differ between age groups. Insulin resistance was highest in male adolescents and female young adults. Associations between body fat depots and cardiometabolic traits were seen after puberty with no associations in pre- and intrapubertal children. When compared to FM, SAT and VAT had the strongest association with insulin resistance in adults. This association was independent of BMI. CONCLUSIONS Associations between individual body fat depots and most cardiometabolic traits became evident after puberty only. The strongest associations were observed between insulin resistance and abdominal fat in adults. The impact of VAT was independent of BMI.
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17
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Roumans NJ, Vink RG, Fazelzadeh P, van Baak MA, Mariman EC. A role for leukocyte integrins and extracellular matrix remodeling of adipose tissue in the risk of weight regain after weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1054-1062. [PMID: 28298393 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Weight loss (WL) is often followed by weight regain after an energy-restricted dietary intervention (DI). When people are following a diet, the volume of an adipocyte decreases by loss of triglycerides, which creates stress between the cell contents and the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Previously, we observed that genetic variations in ECM genes are associated with an increased risk of weight regain.Objective: We investigated the relation between the expression of ECM genes during WL and a period of weight stabilization (WS) and the risk of weight regain.Design: In this randomized controlled trial, 61 healthy overweight or obese participants followed either a 5-wk very-low-calorie diet (VLCD; 500 kcal/d) or a 12-wk low-calorie diet (1250 kcal/d) (WL period) with a subsequent 4-wk WS period and a 9-mo follow-up. The WL and WS periods combined were considered the DI. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy samples were collected for microarray analysis. Gene expression changes for a broad set of ECM-related genes were correlated with the weight-regain percentage (WR%).Results: A total of 26 of the 277 genes were significantly correlated with WR% during WL, WS, or the DI periods. Most correlations were observed in the VLCD group during the WS period. Four genes code for leukocyte-specific receptors. These and other genes belong to a group of 26 genes, among which the expression changes were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.7, P ≤ 0.001). This group could be divided into 3 subclusters linking to 2 biological processes-leukocyte integrin gene activity and ECM remodeling-and a link to insulin sensitivity was also apparent.Conclusions: Our present findings indicate the importance of adipose tissue leukocytes for the risk of weight regain. ECM modification also seems to be involved, and we observed a link to insulin sensitivity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01559415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Jt Roumans
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Roel G Vink
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Parastoo Fazelzadeh
- Nutrition, Metabolism, and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
| | - Edwin Cm Mariman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands; and
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18
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Pascual-Serrano A, Arola-Arnal A, Suárez-García S, Bravo FI, Suárez M, Arola L, Bladé C. Grape seed proanthocyanidin supplementation reduces adipocyte size and increases adipocyte number in obese rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1246-1255. [PMID: 28373675 PMCID: PMC5550562 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: White adipose tissue (WAT) expands through hypertrophy (increased adipocyte size) and/or hyperplasia (increased adipocyte number). Hypertrophy has been associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia independently of body composition and fat distribution. In contrast, hyperplasia protects against metabolic alterations. Proanthocyanidins, which are the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet, improve metabolic disturbances associated with diet-induced obesity without reducing body weight or adiposity. The aim of this study was to determine whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can modulate WAT expandability. Because GSPE also contains gallic acid, we also studied the capacity of gallic acid to remodel WAT. Design: Male Wistar rats were fed a standard chow diet (n=6) or a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 11 weeks. After 8 weeks, the CAF-fed animals were supplemented with 25 mg GSPE/kg body weight (n=6), 7 mg gallic acid/kg body weight (n=6) or the vehicle (n=6) for 3 weeks. Histological analyses were performed in the retroperitoneal (rWAT) and inguinal (iWAT) WAT to determine adipocyte size and number. Specific markers for adipogenesis and WAT functionality were analysed in rWAT using quantitative RT-PCR. Results: GSPE or gallic acid supplementation did not reduce weight gain or reverse and adiposity. However, GSPE reduced adipocyte size significantly in rWAT and moderately in iWAT and tripled the adipocyte number in rWAT. Gallic acid slightly reduced adipocyte size in rWAT and iWAT and doubled the adipocyte number in both WATs. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, Pref-1 and PPARγ tended to be overexpressed in rWAT of rats supplemented with GSPE. Moreover, GSPE supplementation increased Plin1 and Fabp4 expression and restored adiponectin expression completely, indicating a better functionality of visceral WAT. Conclusions: GSPE supplementation has anti-hypertrophic and hyperplasic activities in rats with established obesity, mainly in visceral WAT inducing a healthier expansion of WAT to match the surplus energy provided by the cafeteria diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascual-Serrano
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - S Suárez-García
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - F I Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - L Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
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