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Cipolla C, Sodero G, Cammisa I, Turriziani Colonna A, Giuliano S, Amar ID, Ram Biton R, Scambia G, Villa P. The impact of glucocorticoids on bone health and growth: endocrine and non-endocrine effects in children and young patients. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:896-904. [PMID: 36315414 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.07074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have numerous applications in short and/or long-term therapy both in pediatric and young adults, based on their significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Different routes of administration can be provided including topical, inhalatory and oral. Topical treatments are the first choice for many dermatologic conditions. The inhalatory form is widely used in asthma management while systemic pathologies often require oral administration. The risks for adverse effects are related to the dose and duration of therapy as well as the specific agent used. Therefore, long-term treatment has a negative impact on different metabolic systems and can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In particular, many studies emphasize the direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on bone health. Glucocorticoids are the most common iatrogenic cause of osteoporosis and can alter bone development in young adults. These side effects are due to an early and transient increase in bone resorption and a decrease in bone formation. Glucocorticoid-induced changes can act on the bone multicellular unit, bone cells and intracellular signaling pathways. Chronic use can also modify bone mass though indirect endocrine and non-endocrine effects by reducing the anabolic function of sex steroids and GH/IGF-1 axis, interfere with calcium metabolism, as well as muscle atrophy and central fat accumulation. The aim of our review was to revise the available evidence on the impact of glucocorticoid treatment on bone health related to endocrine and non-endocrine effects in Young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Cipolla
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sodero
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Ignazio Cammisa
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Turriziani Colonna
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Child Health Area, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Giuliano
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Inbal D Amar
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ronny Ram Biton
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Villa
- Department of Woman, Child and Public Health, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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2
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Cianciosi A, Stecher S, Löffler M, Bauer-Kreisel P, Lim KS, Woodfield TBF, Groll J, Blunk T, Jungst T. Flexible Allyl-Modified Gelatin Photoclick Resin Tailored for Volumetric Bioprinting of Matrices for Soft Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300977. [PMID: 37699146 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric bioprinting (VBP) is a light-based 3D printing platform, which recently prompted a paradigm shift for additive manufacturing (AM) techniques considering its capability to enable the fabrication of complex cell-laden geometries in tens of seconds with high spatiotemporal control and pattern accuracy. A flexible allyl-modified gelatin (gelAGE)-based photoclick resin is developed in this study to fabricate matrices with exceptionally soft polymer networks (0.2-1.0 kPa). The gelAGE-based resin formulations are designed to exploit the fast thiol-ene crosslinking in combination with a four-arm thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG4SH) in the presence of a photoinitiator. The flexibility of the gelAGE biomaterial platform allows one to tailor its concentration spanning from 2.75% to 6% and to vary the allyl to thiol ratio without hampering the photocrosslinking efficiency. The thiol-ene crosslinking enables the production of viable cell-material constructs with a high throughput in tens of seconds. The suitability of the gelAGE-based resins is demonstrated by adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) after VBP and by the printing of more fragile adipocytes as a proof-of-concept. Taken together, this study introduces a soft photoclick resin which paves the way for volumetric printing applications toward soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cianciosi
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Stecher
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maxi Löffler
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Khoon S Lim
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Bajetto A, Pattarozzi A, Sirito R, Barbieri F, Florio T. Metformin potentiates immunosuppressant activity and adipogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111078. [PMID: 37844465 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, a first-line drug for type-2 diabetes, displays pleiotropic effects on inflammation, aging, and cancer. Obesity triggers a low-grade chronic inflammation leading to insulin resistance, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells, which contributes to metabolic syndrome. We investigated metformin's differentiation and immunoregulatory properties of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC), as cellular basis of its beneficial role in metabolic dysfunctions. Isolation, characterization and multilineage differentiation of UC-MSC were performed using standard protocols and flow-cytometry. Metformin effects on UC-MSC growth was assessed by colony formation and MTT assay, gene and protein expression by qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with metformin-treated UC-MSC-conditioned media was evaluated by dye dilution assay. We show that metformin decreases proliferation and colony formation of UC-MSCs and enhances their adipogenic lineage commitment. Metformin (3 mM) increases PPARγ and downregulates FABP4 mRNA both in basal and in adipogenic culture conditions; however, the modulation of PPARγ expression is unrelated to the antiproliferative effects. Moreover, metformin inhibits UC-MSC inflammatory activity reducing the expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and COX-2. Conditioned media, collected from metformin-treated UC-MSCs, down-regulate CD3+ T lymphocyte growth in stimulated PBMCs and, in particular, reduce the CD8+ T cell population. These results indicate that metformin may favor new adipocyte formation and potentiate immune suppressive properties of UC-MSCs. Thus, adipose tissue regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity may represent possible mechanisms by which metformin exerts its positive effect on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bajetto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pattarozzi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sirito
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Evangelical Hospital, 16122 Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Barbieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Zhang K, Yang X, Zheng M, Ning Y, Zhang S. Acetylated-PPARγ expression is regulated by different P53 genotypes associated with the adipogenic differentiation of polyploid giant cancer cells with daughter cells. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0432. [PMID: 36647790 PMCID: PMC9843444 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) with daughter cells express epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins. Highly malignant tumor cells with EMT properties can transdifferentiate into mature tumor cells. In this study, we elucidated the potential for, and underlying mechanism of, adipogenic differentiation of PGCCs with daughter cells (PDCs). METHODS Cobalt chloride was used to induce PGCC formation in HEY (wild-type P53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant P53) cells; these cells were then cultured in adipogenic differentiation medium. Oil red O staining was used to confirm adipogenic differentiation, and the cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry. The expression of adipogenic differentiation-associated proteins and P300 histone acetyltransferase activity were compared before and after adipogenic differentiation. Animal xenograft models were used to confirm the adipogenic differentiation of PDCs. RESULTS PDCs transdifferentiated into functional adipocytes. Two different cell cycle distributions were observed in PDCs after adipogenic differentiation. The expression levels of PPARγ, Ace-PPARγ, and Ace-P53 were higher in PDCs after adipogenic differentiation than in cells before adipogenic differentiation. Ace-PPARγ and FABP4 expression increased in HEY cells and decreased in MDA-MB-231 PDCs after p53 knockdown. A485 treatment increased Ace-P53, Ace-PPARγ, and FABP4 expression in HEY PDCs by inhibiting SUMOylation of P53. In MDA-MB-231 PDCs, A485 treatment decreased Ace-P53, Ace-PPARγ, and FABP4 expression. Animal experiments also confirmed the adipogenic differentiation of PDCs. CONCLUSIONS Acetylation of P53 and PPARγ plays an important role in the adipogenic differentiation of PDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | - Yidi Ning
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300122, China
- Correspondence to: Shiwu Zhang, E-mail:
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5
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Duan P, Wang H, Yi X, Zhang H, Chen H, Pan Z. C/EBPα regulates the fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head by targeting the PPARγ signalling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:342. [PMID: 35883192 PMCID: PMC9327281 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance of osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is closely related to steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). We aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanism of intramedullary fat accumulation and continuous osteonecrosis after glucocorticoid (GC) withdrawal in SANFH. METHODS An SANFH model was established in SD rats, which received an intermittent high GC dose for the first 4 weeks followed by an additional 4 weeks without GC. We explored the synergistic effects and mechanisms of C/EBPα and PPARγ on the differentiation of BMSCs by lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown and overexpression assays. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify epigenetic modification sites on PPARγ in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS In the SANFH model, intramedullary fat was significantly increased, and the transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ were upregulated simultaneously in the femoral head. In vitro, C/EBPα promoted adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs by targeting the PPARγ signalling pathway, while overexpression of C/EBPα significantly impaired osteogenic differentiation. Further studies demonstrated that histone H3K27 acetylation of PPARγ played an important role in the epigenetic mechanism underlying SANFH. C/EBPα upregulates the histone H3K27 acetylation level in the PPARγ promoter region by inhibiting HDAC1. Additionally, inhibiting the histone acetylation level of PPARγ effectively prevented adipogenic differentiation, thus slowing the progression of SANFH. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which C/EBPα regulates PPARγ expression by acetylating histones and revealed the epigenetic phenomenon in SANFH for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Duan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xinzeyu Yi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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6
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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7
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Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Ji Kim M, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115012. [PMID: 35393120 PMCID: PMC9050949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is now greater than those underweight. Obesity is a multifactorial condition, and as such, many components contribute to its development and pathogenesis. This is the first of three companion reviews that consider obesity. This review focuses on the genetics, viruses, insulin resistance, inflammation, gut microbiome, and circadian rhythms that promote obesity, along with hormones, growth factors, and organs and tissues that control its development. It shows that the regulation of energy balance (intake vs. expenditure) relies on the interplay of a variety of hormones from adipose tissue, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, liver, and brain. It details how integrating central neurotransmitters and peripheral metabolic signals (e.g., leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY3-36) is essential for controlling energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. It describes the distinct types of adipocytes and how fat cell development is controlled by hormones and growth factors acting via a variety of receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, retinoid X, insulin, estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, liver X, constitutive androstane, pregnane X, farnesoid, and aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Finally, it demonstrates that obesity likely has origins in utero. Understanding these biochemical drivers of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction throughout the life cycle lends plausibility and credence to the "obesogen hypothesis" (i.e., the importance of environmental chemicals that disrupt these receptors to promote adiposity or alter metabolism), elucidated more fully in the two companion reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States
| | - Christopher Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States
| | - Troy A Roepke
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Paris, INSERM U1224 (T3S), 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States.
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8
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Al-Ali MM, Khan AA, Fayyad AM, Abdallah SH, Khattak MNK. Transcriptomic profiling of the telomerase transformed Mesenchymal stromal cells derived adipocytes in response to rosiglitazone. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:17. [PMID: 35264099 PMCID: PMC8905835 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differentiation of Immortalized Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - hTERT (iMSC3) into adipocytes is in vitro model of obesity. In our earlier study, rosiglitazone enhanced adipogenesis particularly the brown adipogenesis of iMSC3. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of iMSC3 derived adipocytes with and without rosiglitazone were analyzed through mRNA sequencing. Results A total of 1508 genes were differentially expressed between iMSC3 and the derived adipocytes without rosiglitazone treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that rosiglitazone regulates PPAR and PI3K-Akt pathways. The constant rosiglitazone treatment enhanced the expression of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) which enriched GO terms such as fatty acid binding, lipid droplet, as well as white and brown fat cell differentiation. Moreover, the constant treatment upregulated several lipid droplets (LDs) associated proteins such as PLIN1. Rosiglitazone also activated the receptor complex PTK2B that has essential roles in beige adipocytes thermogenic program. Several uniquely expressed novel regulators of brown adipogenesis were also expressed in adipocytes derived with rosiglitazone: PRDM16, ZBTB16, HOXA4, and KLF15 in addition to other uniquely expressed genes. Conclusions Rosiglitazone regulated several differentially regulated genes and non-coding RNAs that warrant further investigation about their roles in adipogenesis particularly brown adipogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-022-01027-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moza Mohamed Al-Ali
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE. .,Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
| | - Abeer Maher Fayyad
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.,Department of Molecular and Genetic Diagnostics, Megalabs Group, Amman, 11953, Jordan
| | - Sallam Hasan Abdallah
- Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE. .,Human Genetics & Stem Cells Research Group, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
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9
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Qi L, Zushin PJ, Chang CF, Lee YT, Alba DL, Koliwad S, Stahl A. Probing Insulin Sensitivity with Metabolically Competent Human Stem Cell-Derived White Adipose Tissue Microphysiological Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2103157. [PMID: 34761526 PMCID: PMC8776615 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Impaired white adipose tissue (WAT) function has been recognized as a critical early event in obesity-driven disorders, but high buoyancy, fragility, and heterogeneity of primary adipocytes have largely prevented their use in drug discovery efforts highlighting the need for human stem cell-based approaches. Here, human stem cells are utilized to derive metabolically functional 3D adipose tissue (iADIPO) in a microphysiological system (MPS). Surprisingly, previously reported WAT differentiation approaches create insulin resistant WAT ill-suited for type-2 diabetes mellitus drug discovery. Using three independent insulin sensitivity assays, i.e., glucose and fatty acid uptake and suppression of lipolysis, as the functional readouts new differentiation conditions yielding hormonally responsive iADIPO are derived. Through concomitant optimization of an iADIPO-MPS, it is abled to obtain WAT with more unilocular and significantly larger (≈40%) lipid droplets compared to iADIPO in 2D culture, increased insulin responsiveness of glucose uptake (≈2-3 fold), fatty acid uptake (≈3-6 fold), and ≈40% suppressing of stimulated lipolysis giving a dynamic range that is competent to current in vivo and ex vivo models, allowing to identify both insulin sensitizers and desensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Peter James Zushin
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Ching-Fang Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yue Tung Lee
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Diana L. Alba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Suneil Koliwad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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10
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Jiang B, Feng C, Li C, Tu C, Li Z. A bibliometric and visualization analysis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis research from 2012 to 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:961471. [PMID: 35992120 PMCID: PMC9388768 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Although many studies related to GIOP have been published, there was no bibliometric analysis in this field. This study aimed to investigate the research trends on GIOP by using bibliometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). All original research articles regarding GIOP from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved. CiteSpace was used to analyze the distribution of countries, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords. We revealed hotspots and trends in the field by drawing co-occurrence keyword maps and identifying burst keywords. RESULTS From 2012 to 2021, 685 relevant articles were published, with a peak in 2018 in the annual number of publications. China and McMaster University were the leading country and institution in this field with 208 and 12 publications, respectively. Osteoporosis International was the journal with the most studies, while Journal of Bone and Mineral Research was the most cited journal. "Bone mineral density", "fracture", "postmenopausal women", "prevention" and "therapy" were the most high-frequency keywords, while "bone mineral density", "bisphosphonate" and "metabolism" were the top high-centrality keywords. CONCLUSION The results from this bibliometric study provided insight into the status and research trends in GIOP of the past decade, which could help researchers quickly determine the current hotspots and frontier trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buchan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chenbei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tu, ; Zhihong Li,
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tu, ; Zhihong Li,
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11
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Effect of biomolecules derived from human platelet-rich plasma on the ex vivo expansion of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Biologicals 2021; 75:37-48. [PMID: 34785135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are a tool in cell therapies but demand a large cell number per treatment, for that, suitable culture media is required which contains fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, for cell-based therapy applications, the use of FBS is problematic. Several alternatives to FBS have been explored, including human derivatives from platelet-rich plasma (hD-PRP). Although various studies have evaluated the impact of hD-PRP on MSC proliferation and differentiation, few of them have assessed their influence on processes, such as metabolism and gene expression. Here, we cultured human adipose-derived MSCs (hAD-MSCs) in media supplemented with either 10% hD-PRP (hD-PRP-SM) or 10% FBS (FBS-SM) in order to characterize them and evaluate the effect of hD-PRP on cell metabolism, gene expression of associated regenerative factors, as well as chromosome stability during cell expansion. We found that hAD-MSCs cultured in hD-PRP-SM have a greater cell elongation but express similar surface markers; in addition, hD-PRP-SM promoted a significant osteogenic differentiation in the absence of differentiation medium and increased the growth rate, maintaining chromosomal stability. In terms of cell metabolic profile, hAD-MSC behavior did not reveal any differences between both culture conditions. Conversely, significant differences in collagen I and angiopoietin 2 expression were observed between both conditions. The present results suggest that hD-PRP may influence hAD-MSC behavior.
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12
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Gerges I, Tamplenizza M, Martello F, Koman S, Chincarini G, Recordati C, Tamplenizza M, Guelcher S, Crestani M, Tocchio A. Conditioning the microenvironment for soft tissue regeneration in a cell free scaffold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13310. [PMID: 34172806 PMCID: PMC8233309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cell-free scaffolds for the regeneration of clinically relevant volumes of soft tissue has been challenged, particularly in the case of synthetic biomaterials, by the difficulty of reconciling the manufacturing and biological performance requirements. Here, we investigated in vivo the importance of biomechanical and biochemical cues for conditioning the 3D regenerative microenvironment towards soft tissue formation. In particular, we evaluated the adipogenesis changes related to 3D mechanical properties by creating a gradient of 3D microenvironments with different stiffnesses using 3D Poly(Urethane-Ester-ether) PUEt scaffolds. Our results showed a significant increase in adipose tissue proportions while decreasing the stiffness of the 3D mechanical microenvironment. This mechanical conditioning effect was also compared with biochemical manipulation by loading extracellular matrices (ECMs) with a PPAR-γ activating molecule. Notably, results showed mechanical and biochemical conditioning equivalency in promoting adipose tissue formation in the conditions tested, suggesting that adequate mechanical signaling could be sufficient to boost adipogenesis by influencing tissue remodeling. Overall, this work could open a new avenue in the design of synthetic 3D scaffolds for microenvironment conditioning towards the regeneration of large volumes of soft and adipose tissue, with practical and direct implications in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Camilla Recordati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Scott Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351604, Nashville, TN, 37235-1604, USA
| | - Maurizio Crestani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari - DiSFeB, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
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13
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Kim JY, Park EJ, Kim SM, Lee HJ. Optimization of adipogenic differentiation conditions for canine adipose-derived stem cells. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e53. [PMID: 34170094 PMCID: PMC8318799 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine adipose-derived stem cells (cADSCs) exhibit various differentiation properties and are isolated from the canine subcutaneous fat. Although cADSCs are valuable as tools for research on adipogenic differentiation, studies focusing on adipogenic differentiation methods and the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to establish an optimal method for adipogenic differentiation conditions of cADSCs and evaluate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in the adipogenic differentiation. METHODS To induce adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs, 3 different adipogenic medium conditions, MDI, DRI, and MDRI, using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (M), dexamethasone (D), insulin (I), and rosiglitazone (R) were tested. RESULTS MDRI, addition of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone to MDI, was the most significantly facilitated cADSC into adipocyte. GW9662, an antagonist of PPARγ, significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation induced by rosiglitazone. Adipogenic differentiation was also stimulated when 17β-estradiol was added to MDI and DRI, and this stimulation was inhibited by the ER antagonist ICI182,780. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that PPARγ and ER signaling are related to the adipogenic differentiation of cADSCs. This study could provide basic information for future research on obesity or anti-obesity mechanisms in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Hae Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.,Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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14
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Mathiesen A, Hamilton T, Carter N, Brown M, McPheat W, Dobrian A. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: From Keepers of Health to Messengers of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094640. [PMID: 33924982 PMCID: PMC8125116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelium has a rich vesicular network that allows the exchange of macromolecules between blood and parenchymal cells. This feature of endothelial cells, along with their polarized secretory machinery, makes them the second major contributor, after platelets, to the particulate secretome in circulation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the endothelial cells mirror the remarkable molecular heterogeneity of their parent cells. Cargo molecules carried by EVs were shown to contribute to the physiological functions of endothelium and may support the plasticity and adaptation of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Endothelium-derived vesicles can also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease or can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, endothelium-derived EVs can be used as therapeutic tools to target endothelium for drug delivery or target stromal cells via the endothelial cells. In this review we revisit the recent evidence on the heterogeneity and plasticity of endothelial cells and their EVs. We discuss the role of endothelial EVs in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis along with their contributions to endothelial adaptation and dysfunction. Finally, we evaluate the potential of endothelial EVs as disease biomarkers and their leverage as therapeutic tools.
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15
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Antraco VJ, Hirata BKS, de Jesus Simão J, Cruz MM, da Silva VS, da Cunha de Sá RDC, Abdala FM, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) and Stimulate Adipogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020622. [PMID: 33671850 PMCID: PMC7918199 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing impact of obesity on global human health intensifies the importance of studies focusing on agents interfering with the metabolism and remodeling not only of the white adipose tissue (WAT) but also of the liver. In the present study, we have addressed the impact of n-3 PUFA in adipose cells' proliferation and adipogenesis, as well as in the hepatic lipid profile and morphology. Mice were induced to obesity by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. At the 9th week, the treatment with fish oil (FO) was initiated and maintained until the end of the period. The FO treatment reduced the animals' body mass, plasma lipids, glucose, plasma transaminases, liver mass, triacylglycerol, and cholesterol liver content when compared to animals consuming only HFD. FO also decreased the inguinal (ing) WAT mass, reduced adipocyte volume, increased adipose cellularity (hyperplasia), and increased the proliferation of adipose-derived stromal cells (AdSCs) which corroborates the increment in the proliferation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes or AdSCs treated in vitro with n-3 PUFA. After submitting the in vitro treated (n-3 PUFA) cells, 3T3-L1 and AdSCs, to an adipogenic cocktail, there was an increase in the mRNA expression of adipogenic transcriptional factors and other late adipocyte markers, as well as an increase in lipid accumulation when compared to not treated cells. Finally, the expression of browning-related genes was also higher in the n-3 PUFA treated group. We conclude that n-3 PUFA exerts an attenuating effect on body mass, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis induced by HFD. FO treatment led to decreasing adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy in ingWAT while increasing hyperplasia. Data suggest that FO treatment might induce recruitment (by increased proliferation and differentiation) of new adipocytes (white and/or beige) to the ingWAT, which is fundamental for the healthy expansion of WAT.
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16
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Nong Q, You W, Wang L, Wang Y, Shan T. LKB1 Differently Regulates Adipogenesis in Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Adipocytes through Metabolic and Cytokine-Related Signaling Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122599. [PMID: 33291665 PMCID: PMC7761942 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) plays important and various roles in the differentiation and lipid metabolism of adipocytes. However, the current knowledge of the respective roles of LKB1 in subcutaneous fat (SCF) and intramuscular fat (IMF) adipocytes remains unclear. This study aimed to discover the different regulatory mechanisms of LKB1 in SCF and IMF adipocytes. We found that LKB1 overexpression inhibited adipogenesis in both SCF and IMF adipocytes, and SCF adipocytes were more sensitive to regulation by LKB1. Transcriptomics results showed that IMF adipocytes had many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than SCF adipocytes. Pathway analysis of the shared and distinct DEGs revealed that the main adipogenesis mechanism was similar between SCF and IMF adipocytes upon LKB1 overexpression, while regulatory and metabolic signaling pathways, such as MAPK, PPAR signaling pathways, were differently regulated by LKB1. Several cytokine-related pathways were only enriched in LKB1-overexpressing IMF adipocytes. Our study reveals different regulators and signaling pathways between SCF and IMF adipocytes under LKB1 overexpression, which may be potential targets to differentially control SCF and IMF deposition and improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8898-2102
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17
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Zhang Z, Paudel S, Feltham T, Lobao MH, Schon L. Foot fat pad: Characterization by mesenchymal stromal cells in rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:1582-1591. [PMID: 33099882 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Foot fat pad (FFP) is a highly functionalized fat depot of great significance for weight bearing in the foot. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in subcutaneous adipose tissues are widely studied for regenerative potentials. MSCs in FFP, which may contribute to the physiological and pathological conditions of the foot, have not been characterized. In this study, MSCs were isolated from FFP (designated as MSCs-ffp) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (designated as MSCs-sub) from rats. The cell surface markers, proliferation, and efficiency of colony formation were compared between MSCs-ffp and MSCs-sub. In addition, MSCs-ffp were induced for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. The tri-lineage differentiation potentials were compared between MSCs-ffp and MSCs-sub by the expression of Runx2, Sox9, and proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), respectively, using quantitative polymerized chain reaction. The expression of elastin and associated genes by MSCs-ffp were also evaluated. MSCs-ffp, like MSCs-sub, expressed CD44, CD73, and CD90. MSCs-ffp and MSCs-sub proliferated at similar rates but MSCs-ffp formed more colonies than MSCs-sub. MSCs-ffp were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Under the conditions of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, MSCs-sub expressed more Runx2 and PPAR-γ, respectively, than MSCs-ffp. The undifferentiated MSCs-ffp upregulated the expression of fibulin-5. In conclusion, MSCs-ffp shared common biology with MSCs-sub but were more efficient in colony formation, less adipogenic and osteogenic, and participated in elastogenesis. The unique features of MSCs-ffp may relate to their roles in the physiological functions of FFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhang
- Center for Orthopaedic Innovation, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharada Paudel
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tyler Feltham
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-GA, Suwanee, Georgia, USA
| | - Mario H Lobao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Center for Orthopaedic Innovation, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Cerquone Perpetuini A, Giuliani G, Reggio A, Cerretani M, Santoriello M, Stefanelli R, Palma A, Vumbaca S, Harper S, Castagnoli L, Bresciani A, Cesareni G. Janus effect of glucocorticoids on differentiation of muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5363. [PMID: 32210313 PMCID: PMC7093513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), support muscle regeneration by releasing cytokines that stimulate the differentiation of myogenic stem cells. However, in non-physiological contexts (myopathies, atrophy, aging) FAPs cause fibrotic and fat infiltrations that impair muscle function. We set out to perform a fluorescence microscopy-based screening to identify compounds that perturb the differentiation trajectories of these multipotent stem cells. From a primary screen of 1,120 FDA/EMA approved drugs, we identified 34 compounds as potential inhibitors of adipogenic differentiation of FAPs isolated from the murine model (mdx) of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The hit list from this screen was surprisingly enriched with compounds from the glucocorticoid (GCs) chemical class, drugs that are known to promote adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. To shed light on these data, three GCs identified in our screening efforts were characterized by different approaches. We found that like dexamethasone, budesonide inhibits adipogenesis induced by insulin in sub-confluent FAPs. However, both drugs have a pro-adipogenic impact when the adipogenic mix contains factors that increase the concentration of cAMP. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that treatment with glucocorticoids induces the transcription of Gilz/Tsc22d3, an inhibitor of the adipogenic master regulator PPARγ, only in anti-adipogenic conditions. Additionally, alongside their anti-adipogenic effect, GCs are shown to promote terminal differentiation of satellite cells. Both the anti-adipogenic and pro-myogenic effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor and are not observed in the presence of receptor inhibitors. Steroid administration currently represents the standard treatment for DMD patients, the rationale being based on their anti-inflammatory effects. The findings presented here offer new insights on additional glucocorticoid effects on muscle stem cells that may affect muscle homeostasis and physiology.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Animals
- Budesonide/administration & dosage
- Budesonide/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle Development/drug effects
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/drug effects
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/pathology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio Giuliani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Reggio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cerretani
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Palma
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Vumbaca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Harper
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Department of Biology, IRBM S.p.A., via Pontina Km 30,600, 00071, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Santa Lucia Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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19
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Scalable Generation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Adipocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030710. [PMID: 32183164 PMCID: PMC7140720 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide unlimited supply for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipocytes that can be used for therapeutic applications. Here we developed a simple and highly efficient all-trans-retinoic acid (RA)-based method for generating an off-the-shelf and scalable number of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived MSCs with enhanced adipogenic potential. We showed that short exposure of multiple hPSC lines (hESCs/hiPSCs) to 10 μM RA dramatically enhances embryoid body (EB) formation through regulation of genes activating signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation, survival and adhesion, among others. Disruption of cell adhesion induced the subsequent differentiation of the highly expanded RA-derived EB-forming cells into a pure population of multipotent MSCs (up to 1542-fold increase in comparison to RA-untreated counterparts). Interestingly, the RA-derived MSCs displayed enhanced differentiation potential into adipocytes. Thus, these findings present a novel RA-based approach for providing an unlimited source of MSCs and adipocytes that can be used for regenerative medicine, drug screening and disease modeling applications.
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20
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Meng CY, Xue F, Zhao ZQ, Hao T, Guo SB, Feng W. Influence of MicroRNA-141 on Inhibition of the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis via SOX11. Orthop Surg 2020; 12:277-285. [PMID: 31916393 PMCID: PMC7031553 DOI: 10.1111/os.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether miR‐141 and the sex determination region of Y chromosome box 11 (SOX11) play roles in steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH), and to explore whether miR‐141 could target SOX11 to influence the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Methods Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were isolated and cultured from 4‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats. A flow cytometry assay was performed to identify BMSC. BMSC were divided into two groups: a control group and a dexamethasone (DEX) group. BMSC were transfected by miR‐141 mimic, miR‐141 inhibitor, and SOX11. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of miR‐141 and SOX11. The results were used to determine the effect of transfection and to verify the expression in each group and the association between miR‐141 and SOX11. Luciferase reporter assay revealed the targeted binding site between miR‐141 and the 3′‐untranslated region of SOX11 mRNA. MTT assays were performed to investigate the proliferation of BMSC in the miR‐141 mimic, miR‐141 inhibitor, and SOX11 groups. Result The results of the flow cytometry assay suggested that cells were positive for CD29 and CD90 while negative for CD45. This meant that the isolated and cultured cells were not hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, cell transfection was successful based on the expression of miR‐141 and SOX11. According to the results of real‐time PCR assay, the mRNA expression of miR‐141 in SANFH was upregulated (4.117 ± 0.042 vs 1 ± 0.027, P < 0.001), while SOX11 was downregulated (0.611 ± 0.055 vs 1 ± 0.027, P < 0.001) compared with the control group. Based on the results of the luciferase experiment, MiR‐141 could directly target the expression of SOX11. Inhibition of miR‐141 could upregulate the expression of SOX11 (2.623 ± 0.220 vs 1 ± 0.095, P < 0.001) according to the results of a real‐time PCR assay. MiR‐141 inhibited the proliferation of BMSC (0.618 ± 0.092 vs 1.004 ± 0.082, P < 0.001), while suppression of miR‐141 increased the proliferation of BMSC (0.960 ± 0.095 vs 0.742 ± 0.091, P < 0.001). Furthermore, according to the results of the MTT assay, SOX11 promoted the proliferation of BMSC (1.064 ± 0.093 vs 0.747 ± 0.090, P < 0.001). Conclusion MiR‐141 inhibited the proliferation of BMSC in SANFH by targeting SOX11. Inhibition of miR‐141 upregulated the expression of SOX11 and promoted the proliferation of BMSC. MiR‐141 and SOX11 could be new targets for investigating the mechanism of SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Meng
- Orthopedics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Orthopedics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhen-Qun Zhao
- Orthopedics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ting Hao
- Orthopedics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shi-Bing Guo
- Orthopedics Department, Inner Mongolia Institute of Orthopedics, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Orthopedics Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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21
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Zhang K, Yang X, Zhao Q, Li Z, Fu F, Zhang H, Zheng M, Zhang S. Molecular Mechanism of Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes and Adipocyte Differentiation of Malignant Tumor. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8892300. [PMID: 32849880 PMCID: PMC7441422 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8892300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis is the process through which preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes. During this process, the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets, and develop morphologic and biochemical characteristics of mature adipocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of adult stem cells known for their high plasticity and capacity to generate mesodermal and nonmesodermal tissues. Many mature cell types can be generated from MSCs, including adipocyte, osteocyte, and chondrocyte. The differentiation of stem cells into multiple mature phenotypes is at the basis for tissue regeneration and repair. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a very important role in tumor development and have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer cells can be induced to differentiate into various benign cells, such as adipocytes, fibrocytes, osteoblast, by a variety of small molecular compounds, which may provide new strategies for cancer treatment. Recent studies have reported that tumor cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes. In this review, molecular mechanisms, signal pathways, and the roles of various biological processes in adipose differentiation are summarized. Understanding the molecular mechanism of adipogenesis and adipose differentiation of cancer cells may contribute to cancer treatments that involve inducing differentiation into benign cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 2Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- 3Tianjin Rehabilitation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Zugui Li
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangmei Fu
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- 4Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zheng
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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22
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Li W, Yang F, Gao J, Tang Y, Wang J, Pan Y. Over-Expression of TRPC6 via CRISPR Based Synergistic Activation Mediator in BMSCs Ameliorates Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion. Neuroscience 2019; 415:147-160. [PMID: 31369718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major life-threatening and disabling disease with a restricted therapeutic approach. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) possess proliferative ability and a multi-directional differentiation potential, and secrete a range of trophic/growth factors that can protect neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) is a family of non-selective channels permeable to Ca2+, with several functions including neuronal survival. Over-expression of TRPC6, a subtype of the TRPC family, was shown to protect neurons against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, it remains unclear whether over-expression of TRPC6 in BMSCs can further reduce brain injury after ischemia/reperfusion. In the present study, we report that over-expression of TRPC6 via a CRISPR-based synergistic activation mediator in BMSCs provided a greater reduction of brain injury in a rat model of ischemia/reperfusion. Further, the improved neurofunctional outcomes were associated with increased TRPC6 and brain derived neurotrophic factor expression levels. Overall, these data suggest that TRPC6 over-expressing BMSCs may be a promising therapeutic agent for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Li
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Gao
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Tang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Pan
- Department of Neurology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Room 501, Building 3, 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Luo H, Lan W, Li Y, Lian X, Zhang N, Lin X, Chen P. Microarray analysis of long‐noncoding RNAs and mRNA expression profiles in human steroid‐induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15800-15813. [PMID: 31081170 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Luo
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
- The School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Weibin Lan
- Department of Orthopedics Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Longyan China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- The School of the First Clinical Medical Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xiaolan Lian
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou China
| | - Nanwen Zhang
- The School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- The School of Pharmacy Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou China
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24
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Rosiglitazone Enhances Browning Adipocytes in Association with MAPK and PI3-K Pathways During the Differentiation of Telomerase-Transformed Mesenchymal Stromal Cells into Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071618. [PMID: 30939750 PMCID: PMC6480475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk for diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates production of heat while white adipose tissue (WAT) function in the storage of fat. Roles of BAT in the treatment of obesity and related disorders warrants more investigation. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is the master regulator of both BAT and WAT adipogenesis and has roles in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Adipose tissue is the major expression site for PPAR-γ. In this study, the effects of rosiglitazone on the brown adipogenesis and the association of MAPK and PI3K pathways was investigated during the in vitro adipogenic differentiation of telomerase transformed mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs). Our data indicate that 2 µM rosiglitazone enhanced adipogenesis by over-expression of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α. More specifically, brown adipogenesis was enhanced by the upregulation of EBF2 and UCP-1 and evidenced by multilocular fatty droplets morphology of the differentiated adipocytes. We also found that rosiglitazone significantly activated MAPK and PI3K pathways at the maturation stage of differentiation. Overall, the results indicate that rosiglitazone induced overexpression of PPAR-γ that in turn enhanced adipogenesis, particularly browning adipogenesis. This study reports the browning effects of rosiglitazone during the differentiation of iMSCs into adipocytes in association with the activation of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.
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25
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Aynardi M, Zahoor T, Mitchell R, Loube J, Feltham T, Manandhar L, Paudel S, Schon L, Zhang Z. Orthotopic Transplantation of Achilles Tendon Allograft in Rats: With or without Incorporation of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:245-255. [PMID: 29637821 PMCID: PMC5898692 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717745891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and function of orthotopic transplantation of Achilles tendon allograft are unknown. Particularly, the revitalization of Achilles allograft is a clinical concern. Achilles allografts were harvested from donor rats and stored at -80 °C. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested from the would-be allograft recipient rats for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were cultured with growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and applied onto Achilles allografts on the day of transplantation. After the native Achilles tendon was resected from the left hind limb of the rats, Achilles allograft, with or without autologous MSCs, was implanted and sutured with calf muscles proximally and calcaneus distally. Animal gait was recorded presurgery and postsurgery weekly. The animals were sacrificed at week 4, and the transplanted Achilles allografts were collected for biomechanical testing and histology. The operated limbs had altered gait. By week 4, the paw print intensity, stance time, and duty cycle (percentage of the stance phase in a step cycle) of the reconstructed limbs were mostly recovered to the baselines recorded before surgery. Maximum load of failure was not different between Achilles allografts, with or without MSCs, and the native tendons. The Achilles allograft supplemented with MSCs had higher cellularity than the Achilles allograft without MSCs. Deposition of fine collagen (type III) fibers was active in Achilles allograft, with or without MSCs, but it was more evenly distributed in the allografts that were incubated with MSCs. In conclusion, orthotopically transplanted Achilles allograft healed with host tissues, regained strength, and largely restored Achilles function in 4 wk in rats. It is therefore a viable option for the reconstruction of a large Achilles tendon defect. Supplementation of MSCs improved repopulation of Achilles allograft, but large animal models, with long-term follow up and cell tracking, may be required to fully appreciate the functional benefits of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reed Mitchell
- 3 MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Loube
- 3 MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lew Schon
- 3 MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- 3 MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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27
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Therapeutic Potential of Autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124064. [PMID: 30558283 PMCID: PMC6321531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the most effective therapy for liver diseases is liver transplantation, but its use is limited by organ donor shortage, economic reasons, and the requirement for lifelong immunosuppression. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation represents a promising alternative for treating liver pathologies in both human and veterinary medicine. Interestingly, these pathologies appear with a common clinical and pathological profile in the human and canine species; as a consequence, dogs may be a spontaneous model for clinical investigations in humans. The aim of this work was to characterize canine adipose-derived MSCs (cADSCs) and compare them to their human counterpart (hADSCs) in order to support the application of the canine model in cell-based therapy of liver diseases. Both cADSCs and hADSCs were successfully isolated from adipose tissue samples. The two cell populations shared a common fibroblast-like morphology, expression of stemness surface markers, and proliferation rate. When examining multilineage differentiation abilities, cADSCs showed lower adipogenic potential and higher osteogenic differentiation than human cells. Both cell populations retained high viability when kept in PBS at controlled temperature and up to 72 h, indicating the possibility of short-term storage and transportation. In addition, we evaluated the efficacy of autologous ADSCs transplantation in dogs with liver diseases. All animals exhibited significantly improved liver function, as evidenced by lower liver biomarkers levels measured after cells transplantation and evaluation of cytological specimens. These beneficial effects seem to be related to the immunomodulatory properties of stem cells. We therefore believe that such an approach could be a starting point for translating the results to the human clinical practice in future.
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28
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Wang L, Heckmann BL, Yang X, Long H. Osteoblast autophagy in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3207-3215. [PMID: 30417506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Administration of glucocorticoids is an effective strategy for treating many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, glucocorticoid treatment can have adverse effects on bone, leading to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), the most common form of secondary osteoporosis. Although the pathogenesis of GIO has been studied for decades, over the past ten years the autophagy machinery has been implicated as a novel mechanism. Autophagy in osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts plays a critical role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Herein, we specifically discuss how osteoblast autophagy responds to glucocorticoids and its role in the development of GIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Wang
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bradlee L Heckmann
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xianrui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hu Long
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Zhang Q, Xiang W, Yi DY, Xue BZ, Wen WW, Abdelmaksoud A, Xiong NX, Jiang XB, Zhao HY, Fu P. Current status and potential challenges of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for malignant gliomas. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 30143053 PMCID: PMC6109313 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma, which accounts for more than 30% of primary central nervous system tumours, is characterised by symptoms such as headaches, epilepsy, and blurred vision. Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive, malignant, and lethal brain tumour in adults. Even with progressive combination treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for glioma patients is still extremely poor. Compared with the poor outcome and slowly developing technologies for surgery and radiotherapy, the application of targeted chemotherapy with a new mechanism has become a research focus in this field. Moreover, targeted therapy is promising for most solid tumours. The tumour-tropic ability of stem cells, including neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, provides an alternative therapeutic approach. Thus, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is based on a tumour-selective capacity and has been thought to be an effective anti-tumour option over the past decades. An increasing number of basic studies on mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for gliomas has yielded complex outcomes. In this review, we summarise the biological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells, and the current status and potential challenges of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ye Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhou Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Wan Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan-Xiang Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ave. Jiefang No.1277, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Yan X, Zhou Z, Guo L, Zeng Z, Guo Z, Shao Q, Xu W. BMP7-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are more effective than wild-type BMSCs in healing fractures. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1381-1388. [PMID: 30112066 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures are a worldwide public health concern. Previous studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) gene transfer or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation may be a promising novel therapeutic approach. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to observe the effect of bone BMP7 transfer to MSCs on fracture healing. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) from New Zealand white rabbits were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. A recombinant BMP7 overexpressing adenovirus vector (Adv) was constructed and transfected into BMSCs. The expression of BMP7 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and western blotting. The present study additionally investigated the effect of BMP7 on the differentiation capacity of BMSCs. Finally, tissue-engineered bone was created with support material to verify the effect of BMP7-BMSCs on fracture healing. The results demonstrated that the expression of BMP7 was increased at the mRNA and protein levels in BMSCs following transfection with BMP7 overexpressing Adv. The results additionally demonstrated that the expression of BMP7 enhanced the differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and had a promotional effect on fracture healing. Overall, these data suggest that Adv-BMP7 is useful for introducing foreign genes into BMSCs and will be a powerful gene therapy tool for bone regeneration and other tissue engineering applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhaochi Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Zhongkai Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The 169th Hospital of PLA, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangnan Hospital, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P.R. China
| | - Qingdong Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Mitchell KA, Zingone A, Toulabi L, Boeckelman J, Ryan BM. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Coding and Noncoding RNA Differences in NSCLC from African Americans and European Americans. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 23:7412-7425. [PMID: 29196495 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether racial differences in gene and miRNA expression translates to differences in lung tumor biology with clinical relevance in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs).Experimental Design: The NCI-Maryland Case Control Study includes seven Baltimore City hospitals and is overrepresented with AA patients (∼40%). Patients that underwent curative NSCLC surgery between 1998 and 2014 were enrolled. Comparative molecular profiling used mRNA (n = 22 AAs and 19 EAs) and miRNA (n = 42 AAs and 55 EAs) expression arrays to track differences in paired fresh frozen normal tissues and lung tumor specimens from AAs and EAs. Pathway enrichment, predicted drug response, tumor microenvironment infiltration, cancer immunotherapy antigen profiling, and miRNA target enrichment were assessed.Results: AA-enriched differential gene expression was characterized by stem cell and invasion pathways. Differential gene expression in lung tumors from EAs was primarily characterized by cell proliferation pathways. Population-specific gene expression was partly driven by population-specific miRNA expression profiles. Drug susceptibility predictions revealed a strong inverse correlation between AA resistance and EA sensitivity to the same panel of drugs. Statistically significant differences in M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration were observed in AAs (P < 0.05); however, PD-L1, PD-L2 expression was similar between both.Conclusions: Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed clear differences in lung tumor biology between AAs and EAs. Increased participation by AAs in lung cancer clinical trials are needed to integrate, and leverage, transcriptomic differences with other clinical information to maximize therapeutic benefit in both AAs and EAs. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7412-25. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah A Mitchell
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leila Toulabi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacob Boeckelman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Hernandez MJ, dos Reis LM, Marques ID, Araujo MJ, Truyts CAM, Oliveira IB, Barreto FC, David-Neto E, Custodio MR, Moyses RM, Bellorin-Font E, Jorgetti V. The effect of vitamin D and zoledronic acid in bone marrow adiposity in kidney transplant patients: A post hoc analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197994. [PMID: 29799857 PMCID: PMC5969759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells. An imbalance in the differentiation of these lineages could affect the preservation of bone integrity. Several studies have suggested the importance of this imbalance in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis after kidney transplant (KT), but the role of bone marrow adiposity in this process is not well known, and if the treatment with the anti-absorptive (zoledronic acid-ZA) drugs could attenuate bone loss. Thus, our objective was compare bone marrow adiposity, osteoblasts and osteocytes before and after KT, verify an association between bone remodeling process (Turnover, Volume, and Mineralization-TMV classification), the osteocyte sclerostin expression to evaluate if there is a role of Wnt pathway, as well as the effect of ZA on these cells. METHODS We studied 29 new living-donor KT patients. One group received ZA at the time of KT plus cholecalciferol for twelve months, and the other group received only cholecalciferol. Bone biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Histomorphometric evaluation was performed in bone and bone marrow adipocytes. Sclerostin (Scl) expression in osteocytes was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Some bone marrow adiposity parameters were increased before KT. After KT, some of them remained increased and they worsened with the use of ZA. In the baseline, lower bone Volume and Turnover, were associated with increased bone marrow adiposity parameters (some of them). After KT, both groups showed the same associations. Osteocyte Scl expression after KT decreased with the use of ZA. We observed also an inverse association between bone adiposity parameters and lower osteocyte sclerostin expression 12 months after KT. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study suggests that KT fails to normalize bone marrow adiposity, and it even gets worse with the use of ZA. Moreover, bone marrow adiposity is inversely associated with bone Volume and Turnover, which seems to be accentuated by the antiresorptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel J. Hernandez
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luciene M. dos Reis
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Igor D. Marques
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maria J. Araujo
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- Divisao de Urologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cesar A. M. Truyts
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ivone B. Oliveira
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fellype C. Barreto
- Divisao de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brasil
| | - Elias David-Neto
- Divisao de Urologia, Hospital das Clinicas, HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Melani R. Custodio
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosa M. Moyses
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ezequiel Bellorin-Font
- Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Vanda Jorgetti
- LIM 16 – Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Renal, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- Hospital Samaritano Americas Serviços Medicos, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Systemically administered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells do not aggravate the progression of precancerous lesions: a new biosafety insight. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:137. [PMID: 29751770 PMCID: PMC5948822 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0878-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of stromal cells currently tested for multiple therapeutic purposes. Their potential to home into tumors, to secrete trophic/vasculogenic factors, and to suppress immune response raises questions regarding their biosafety. Our aim was to evaluate whether systemically administered allogeneic MSCs modify the natural progression of precancerous lesions and whether their putative effect depends on cancer stage and/or cell dose. Methods Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced in Syrian golden hamsters by topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in one buccal pouch. At hyperplasia, dysplasia, or papilloma stage, animals received intracardially the vehicle or 0.7 × 106, 7 × 106, or 21 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs/kg. OSCC progression was assessed according to the presence of erythroplakia and leukoplakia, extent of inflammation and vascularization, and appearance, volume, and staging of tumors. Also, the homing of donor cells was studied. Results Precancerous lesions progressed from hyperplasia to dysplasia in 2 weeks, from dysplasia to papilloma in 3 weeks, and from papilloma to carcinoma in 4 weeks. This time course was unmodified by the systemic administration of MSCs at hyperplasia or dysplasia stages. When MSCs were administered at papilloma stage, lesions did not progress to carcinoma stage. Tumors developed in hamsters receiving 0.7 × 106 or 7 × 106 MSCs/kg at hyperplasia stage were significantly smaller than those found in control animals (25 ± 4 or 23 ± 4 mm3 versus 72 ± 19 mm3, p < 0.05). Similar results were obtained when 0.7 × 106, 7 × 106, or 21 × 106 MSCs/kg were administered at papilloma stage (44 ± 15, 28 ± 7, or 28 ± 5 mm3 versus 104 ± 26 mm3, p < 0.05). For dysplasia stage, only the lower concentration of MSCs reached statistical significance (21 ± 9 mm3 versus 94 ± 39 mm3, p < 0.05). Animals receiving 21 × 106 MSCs/kg at hyperplasia stage developed tumors larger than those found in animals that received the vehicle (147 ± 47 mm3 versus 72 ± 19 mm3, p < 0.05). Donor cells were rarely found in precancerous lesions. Conclusions Systemically administered allogeneic MSCs do not aggravate the progression of precancerous lesions. Moreover, they preclude cancer progression and tumor growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0878-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ruhl T, Storti G, Pallua N. Proliferation, Metabolic Activity, and Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Preadipocytes Exposed to 2 Surfactants In Vitro. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1408-1415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mitchell R, Molligan J, Rooney S, Cho Y, Schon L, Zhang Z. Functionally compromised synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells in Charcot neuroarthropathy. Exp Mol Pathol 2018; 104:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Comparisons of the therapeutic effects of three different routes of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in cerebral ischemic rats. Brain Res 2017; 1680:143-154. [PMID: 29274877 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are mainly administered via three routes: intra-arterial, intravenous and intracerebral. It has been reported that BMSC administration via each route ameliorates the functional deficits after cerebral ischemia. However, there have been no comparisons of the therapeutic benefits of BMSC administration through different delivery routes. In this study, we injected BMSCs into a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) through the intra-arterial, intravenous, or intracerebral route at day 7 after MCAO. Control animals received only the vehicle. Neurological function was assessed at post-ischemic days (PIDs) 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 using behavioral tests (modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and the adhesive removal test). At PID 35, the rat brain tissues were processed for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Our results showed that BMSC transplantation via the intra-arterial, intravenous, and intracerebral routes induced greater improvement in neurological functions than the control treatments; furthermore, the intra-arterial route showed the greatest degree and speed of neurological functional recovery. Moreover, BMSCs treatment through each route enhanced reconstruction of axonal myelination in the area of the corpus callosum on the infarct side of the cerebral hemisphere, increased the expression of SYN and Ki-67, and decreased the expression of Nogo-A in the brain. These effects were more apparent in the intra-arterial group than in the intravenous and intracerebral groups. These data suggest that BMSCs transplantation, especially through intra-arterial delivery, can effectively improve neurological function intra-arterial. The underlying mechanism may include the promotion of synaptogenesis, endogenous cell proliferation, and axonal regeneration.
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Pfützner A, Schipper D, Pansky A, Kleinfeld C, Roitzheim B, Tobiasch E. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation into Adipocytes Is Equally Induced by Insulin and Proinsulin In Vitro. Int J Stem Cells 2017; 10:154-159. [PMID: 29186653 PMCID: PMC5741196 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives In advanced β-cell dysfunction, proinsulin is increasingly replacing insulin as major component of the secretion product. It has been speculated that proinsulin has at least the same adipogenic potency than insulin, leading to an increased tendency of lipid tissue formation in patients with late stage β-cell dysfunction. Methods and Results Mesenchymal stem cells obtained from liposuction material were grown in differentiation media containing insulin (0.01 μmol), proinsulin (0.01 μmol) or insulin+proinsulin (each 0.005 μmol). Cell culture supernatants were taken from these experiments and an untreated control at weeks 1, 2, and 3, and were stored at −80°C until analysis. Cell differentiation was microscopically supervised and adiponectin concentrations were measured as marker for differentiation into mature lipid cells. This experiment was repeated three times. No growth of lipid cells and no change in adiponectin values was observed in the negative control group (after 7/14/12 days: 3.2±0.5/3.3±0.1/4.4±0.5 ng/ml/12 h). A continuous differentiation into mature adipocytes (also confirmed by Red-Oil-staining) and a corresponding increase in adiponectin values was observed in the experiments with insulin (3.6±1.9/5.1±1.4/13.3±1.5 ng/ml/12 h; p<0.05 week 1 vs. week 3) and proinsulin (3.3±1.2/3.5±0.3/12.2±1.2 ng/ml/12 h; p<0.05). Comparable effects were seen with the insulin/proinsulin combination. Conclusions Proinsulin has the same adipogenic potential than insulin in vitro. Proinsulin has only 10~20% of the glucose-lowering effect of insulin. It can be speculated that the adipogenic potential of proinsulin may be a large contributor to the increased body weight problems in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pfützner
- Pfützner Science & Health Institute, Mainz, Germany.,Technical University of Applied Sciences, Bingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Pansky
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
| | | | | | - Edda Tobiasch
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany
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Belair DG, Wolf CJ, Wood C, Ren H, Grindstaff R, Padgett W, Swank A, MacMillan D, Fisher A, Winnik W, Abbott BD. Engineering human cell spheroids to model embryonic tissue fusion in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184155. [PMID: 28898253 PMCID: PMC5595299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions drive embryonic fusion events during development, and perturbations of these interactions can result in birth defects. Cleft palate and neural tube defects can result from genetic defects or environmental exposures during development, yet very little is known about the effect of chemical exposures on fusion events during human development because of a lack of relevant and robust human in vitro assays of developmental fusion behavior. Given the etiology and prevalence of cleft palate and the relatively simple architecture and composition of the embryonic palate, we sought to develop a three-dimensional culture system that mimics the embryonic palate and could be used to study fusion behavior in vitro using human cells. We engineered size-controlled human Wharton’s Jelly stromal cell (HWJSC) spheroids and established that 7 days of culture in osteogenesis differentiation medium was sufficient to promote an osteogenic phenotype consistent with embryonic palatal mesenchyme. HWJSC spheroids supported the attachment of human epidermal keratinocyte progenitor cells (HPEKp) on the outer spheroid surface likely through deposition of collagens I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin by mesenchymal spheroids. HWJSC spheroids coated in HPEKp cells exhibited fusion behavior in culture, as indicated by the removal of epithelial cells from the seams between spheroids, that was dependent on epidermal growth factor signaling and fibroblast growth factor signaling in agreement with palate fusion literature. The method described here may broadly apply to the generation of three-dimensional epithelial-mesenchymal co-cultures to study developmental fusion events in a format that is amenable to predictive toxicology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Belair
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cynthia J. Wolf
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen Wood
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William Padgett
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam Swank
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Denise MacMillan
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna Fisher
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Witold Winnik
- Research Cores Unit, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara D. Abbott
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bahamondes F, Flores E, Cattaneo G, Bruna F, Conget P. Omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of canine Mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:166. [PMID: 28595579 PMCID: PMC5465460 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising therapeutic tool in veterinary medicine. Currently the subcutaneous adipose tissue is the leading source of MSCs in dogs. MSCs derived from distinct fat depots have shown dissimilarities in their accessibility and therapeutic potential. The aims of our work were to determine the suitability of omental adipose tissue as a source of MSCs, according to sampling success, cell yield and paracrine properties of isolated cells, and compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results While sampling success of omental adipose tissue was 100% (14 collections from14 donors) for subcutaneous adipose tissue it was 71% (10 collections from 14 donors). MSCs could be isolated from both sources. Cell yield was significantly higher for omental than for subcutaneous adipose tissue (38 ± 1 vs. 30 ± 1 CFU-F/g tissue, p < 0.0001). No differences were observed between sources regarding cell proliferation potential (73 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 1 CDPL) and cell senescence (at passage 10, both cultures presented enlarged cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles and cellular debris). Omental- and subcutaneous-derived MSCs expressed at the same level bFGF, PDGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG1 and IL-10. Irrespective of the source, isolated MSCs induced proliferation, migration and vascularization of target cells, and inhibited the activation of T lymphocytes. Conclusion Compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue, omental adipose tissue is a more suitable source of MSCs in dogs. Since it can be procured from donors with any body condition, its collection procedure is always feasible, its cell yield is high and the MSCs isolated from it have desirable differentiation and paracrine potentials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1053-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Bahamondes
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Estefania Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gino Cattaneo
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11,735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Flavia Bruna
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
| | - Paulette Conget
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana - Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12,438, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
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Hu J, Mao Z, He S, Zhan Y, Ning R, Liu W, Yan B, Yang J. Icariin protects against glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis, increases the expression of the bone enhancer DEC1 and modulates the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin integrated signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:109-121. [PMID: 28408345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a serious public health concern worldwide. Herba epimedii has been used for centuries and even thousands of years to treat osteoporotic conditions. Icariin, a flavonol glycoside, is one of the major active ingredients. In this study, we have shown that icariin protected against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic changes in SaoS-2 cells and mice. We have also shown that dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid) suppressed and icariin induced DEC1, a structurally distinct helix-loop-helix protein. DEC1 overexpression promoted whereas DEC1 knockdown decreased osteogenic activity. Likewise, DEC1 overexpression and knockdown inversely regulated the expression of β-catenin and PIK3CA, an essential player in the Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, respectively. Interestingly, DKK1, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, and LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, abolished the induction of DEC1 by icariin. It is established that these two pathways are interconnected by the phosphorylation status of GSK3β. Dexamethasone decreased but icariin increased GSK3β phosphorylation. Finally, DEC1 deficient mice developed osteoporotic phenotypes. Taken together, it is concluded that DEC1 likely supports the action of icariin against glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis with an involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin integrated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Hu
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Changzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Zhao Mao
- Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shuangcheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuanran Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui Ning
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | - Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Israel Y, Karahanian E, Ezquer F, Morales P, Ezquer M, Rivera-Meza M, Herrera-Marschitz M, Quintanilla ME. Acquisition, Maintenance and Relapse-Like Alcohol Drinking: Lessons from the UChB Rat Line. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:57. [PMID: 28420969 PMCID: PMC5378819 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the biological factors that influence: (i) the acquisition of alcohol intake; (ii) the maintenance of chronic alcohol intake; and (iii) alcohol relapse-like drinking behavior in animals bred for their high-ethanol intake. Data from several rat strains/lines strongly suggest that catalase-mediated brain oxidation of ethanol into acetaldehyde is an absolute requirement (up 80%–95%) for rats to display ethanol’s reinforcing effects and to initiate chronic ethanol intake. Acetaldehyde binds non-enzymatically to dopamine forming salsolinol, a compound that is self-administered. In UChB rats, salsolinol: (a) generates marked sensitization to the motivational effects of ethanol; and (b) strongly promotes binge-like drinking. The specificity of salsolinol actions is shown by the finding that only the R-salsolinol enantiomer but not S-salsolinol accounted for the latter effects. Inhibition of brain acetaldehyde synthesis does not influence the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake. However, a prolonged ethanol withdrawal partly returns the requirement for acetaldehyde synthesis/levels both on chronic ethanol intake and on alcohol relapse-like drinking. Chronic ethanol intake, involving the action of lipopolysaccharide diffusing from the gut, and likely oxygen radical generated upon catechol/salsolinol oxidation, leads to oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, known to potentiate each other. Data show that the administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) a strong antioxidant inhibits chronic ethanol maintenance by 60%–70%, without inhibiting its initial intake. Intra-cerebroventricular administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known to release anti-inflammatory cytokines, to elevate superoxide dismutase levels and to reverse ethanol-induced hippocampal injury and cognitive deficits, also inhibited chronic ethanol maintenance; further, relapse-like ethanol drinking was inhibited up to 85% for 40 days following intracerebral stem cell administration. Thus: (i) ethanol must be metabolized intracerebrally into acetaldehyde, and further into salsolinol, which appear responsible for promoting the acquisition of the early reinforcing effects of ethanol; (ii) acetaldehyde is not responsible for the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake, while other mechanisms are indicated; (iii) the systemic administration of NAC, a strong antioxidant markedly inhibits the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake; and (iv) the intra-cerebroventricular administration of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant MSCs inhibit both the maintenance of chronic ethanol intake and relapse-like drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Karahanian
- Center for Biomedical Research, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Rivera-Meza
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - María E Quintanilla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of ChileSantiago, Chile
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Pu Y, Veiga-Lopez A. PPARγ agonist through the terminal differentiation phase is essential for adipogenic differentiation of fetal ovine preadipocytes. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2017; 22:6. [PMID: 28536637 PMCID: PMC5415806 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-017-0037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line represents an informative model for in vitro adipogenesis research, primary cultured cells are often needed to understand particular human or animal metabolic phenotypes. As demonstrated by in vitro cultured preadipocytes from large mammalian species, primary cultured cells require specific adipogenic differentiation conditions different to that of the 3T3-L1 cell line. These conditions are also species-specific and require optimization steps. However, efficient protocols to differentiate primary preadipocytes using alternative species to rodents are scarce. Sheep represent an amenable animal model for fetal biology and developmental origins of health and disease studies. In this work, we present with the first detailed procedure to efficiently differentiate primary fetal and adult ovine preadipocytes. Methods Fetal and adult ovine adipose and skin tissue harvest, preadipocyte and fibroblast isolation, proliferation, and standardization and optimization of a new adipogenic differentiation protocol. Use of commercial cell lines (3T3-L1 and NIH-3T3) for validation purposes. Oil red O stain and gene expression were used to validate adipogenic differentiation. ANOVA and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine statistical significance. Results Our optimized adipogenic differentiation method included a prolonged adipogenic cocktail exposure time from 2 to 8 days, higher insulin concentration, and supplementation with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone. This protocol was optimized for both, fetal and adult preadipocytes. Conclusions Our protocol enables successful adipogenic differentiation of fetal and adult ovine preadipocytes. This work demonstrates that compared to the 3T3-L1 cell line, fetal ovine preadipocytes require a longer exposure to the differentiation cocktail, and the need for IMBX, dexamethasone, and/or the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone through the terminal differentiation phase. They also require higher insulin concentration during differentiation to enhance lipid accumulation and similar to human primary preadipocytes, PPARγ agonist supplementation is also required for ovine adipogenic differentiation. This work highlights species-specific differences requirements for adipogenic differentiation and the need to develop standardized methods to investigate comparative adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane Rm 1230 F, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane Rm 1230 F, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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Pyrintegrin Induces Soft Tissue Formation by Transplanted or Endogenous Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:36402. [PMID: 28128224 PMCID: PMC5269584 DOI: 10.1038/srep36402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adipose deficiency, such as lipoatrophy, lumpectomy or facial trauma, is a formidable challenge in reconstructive medicine, and yet scarcely investigated in experimental studies. Here, we report that Pyrintegrin (Ptn), a 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine known to promote embryonic stem cells survival, is robustly adipogenic and induces postnatal adipose tissue formation in vivo of transplanted adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) and recruited endogenous cells. In vitro, Ptn stimulated human adipose tissue derived ASCs to differentiate into lipid-laden adipocytes by upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), with differentiated cells increasingly secreting adiponectin, leptin, glycerol and total triglycerides. Ptn-primed human ASCs seeded in 3D-bioprinted biomaterial scaffolds yielded newly formed adipose tissue that expressed human PPARγ, when transplanted into the dorsum of athymic mice. Remarkably, Ptn-adsorbed 3D scaffolds implanted in the inguinal fat pad had enhanced adipose tissue formation, suggesting Ptn’s ability to induce in situ adipogenesis of endogenous cells. Ptn promoted adipogenesis by upregulating PPARγ and C/EBPα not only in adipogenesis induction medium, but also in chemically defined medium specifically for osteogenesis, and concurrently attenuated Runx2 and Osx via BMP-mediated SMAD1/5 phosphorylation. These findings suggest Ptn’s novel role as an adipogenesis inducer with a therapeutic potential in soft tissue reconstruction and augmentation.
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Bruna F, Arango-Rodríguez M, Plaza A, Espinoza I, Conget P. The administration of multipotent stromal cells at precancerous stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:5-13. [PMID: 27939557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are envisioned as a powerful therapeutic tool. As they home into tumors, secrete trophic and vasculogenic factors, and suppress immune response their role in carcinogenesis is a matter of controversy. Worldwide oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common epithelial cancer. Our aim was to determine whether MSC administration at precancerous stage modifies the natural progression of OSCC. OSCC was induced in Syrian hamsters by topical application of DMBA in the buccal pouch. At papilloma stage, the vehicle or 3×106 allogenic bone marrow-derived MSCs were locally administered. Four weeks later, the lesions were studied according to: volume, stratification (histology), proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (Caspase 3 cleaved), vasculature (ASMA), inflammation (Leukocyte infiltrate), differentiation (CK1 and CK4) and gene expression profile (mRNA). Tumors found in individuals that received MSCs were smaller than those presented in the vehicle group (87±80 versus 54±62mm3, p<0.05). The rate of proliferation was two times lower and the apoptosis was 2.5 times higher in lesions treated with MSCs than in untreated ones. While the laters presented dedifferentiated cells, the former maintained differentiated cells (cytokeratin and gene expression profile similar to normal tissue). Thus, MSC administration at papilloma stage precludes tumor growth and epithelial dedifferentiation of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bruna
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martha Arango-Rodríguez
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anita Plaza
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Iris Espinoza
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulette Conget
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Cocktail supplement with rosiglitazone: a novel inducer for chicken preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160049. [PMID: 27638500 PMCID: PMC5293590 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken preadipocytes cultured in cocktail supplement with rosiglitazone resulted in a marked increase in lipid droplet accumulation, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and mRNA expression of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and lipolysis. The present study provides a novel induction method for in vitro chicken preadipocyte differentiation. The preadipocyte differentiation biological process involves a cascade of transcriptional events that culminates in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ. The differentiation cocktail [insulin (INS), dexamethasone (DEX) and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX)] can induce preadipocyte differentiation in mammals, but it is insufficient for chicken (Gallus gallus) adipogenesis. Oleate can induce chicken preadipocyte differentiation, but these differentiated preadipocytes may not be fully functional. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether chicken preadipocytes can be induced to mature adipocytes by a novel induction method using differentiation cocktail supplemented with PPARγ agonist(s). Chicken preadipocytes cultured in cocktail supplemented with rosiglitazone or troglitazone resulted in a marked increase in lipid droplet accumulation (P<0.05), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity (P<0.05), mRNA expression level of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2; P<0.05), G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2; P<0.05) and lipolysis (P<0.05). In addition, supplementation of the cocktail with rosiglitazone promoted PPARγ mRNA expression (P<0.05). In conclusion, our data indicated that chicken preadipocytes can be induced to mature adipocytes using differentiation cocktail supplemented with rosiglitazone. The results of the present study provide a novel induction method for in vitro chicken preadipocyte differentiation.
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Hao C, Yang S, Xu W, Shen JK, Ye S, Liu X, Dong Z, Xiao B, Feng Y. MiR-708 promotes steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head, suppresses osteogenic differentiation by targeting SMAD3. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22599. [PMID: 26932538 PMCID: PMC4773864 DOI: 10.1038/srep22599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) is a serious complication of glucocorticoid (GC) use. We investigated the differential expression of miRs in the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of patients with ONFH, and aimed to explain the relationship between GC use and the development of MSC dysfunction in ONFH. Cells were collected from bone marrow of patients with ONFH. Samples were assigned to either GCs Group or Control Group at 1:1 matched with control. We then used miRNA microarray analysis and real-time PCR to identify the differentially expressed miRs. We also induced normal MSCs with GCs to verify the differential expression above. Subsequently, we selected some of the miRs for further studies, including miRNA target and pathway prediction, and functional analysis. We discovered that miR-708 was upregulated in ONFH patients and GC-treated MSCs. SMAD3 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-708, and functional analysis demonstrated that miR-708 could markedly suppress osteogenic differentiation and adipogenesis differentiation of MSCs. Inhibition of miR-708 rescued the suppressive effect of GC on osteonecrosis. Therefore, we determined that GC use resulted in overexpression of miR-708 in MSCs, and thus, targeting miR-708 may serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for the prevention and treatment of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hao
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Shunan Ye
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xianzhe Liu
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Baojun Xiao
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Feng
- Orthopedic Hospital, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Jackson 1115, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Challenges and opportunities for stem cell therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 89:767-78. [PMID: 26924058 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health care burden affecting billions of individuals worldwide. The kidney has limited regenerative capacity from chronic insults, and for the most common causes of CKD, no effective treatment exists to prevent progression to end-stage kidney failure. Therefore, novel interventions, such as regenerative cell-based therapies, need to be developed for CKD. Given the risk of allosensitization, autologous transplantation of cells to boost regenerative potential is preferred. Therefore, verification of cell function and vitality in CKD patients is imperative. Two cell types have been most commonly applied in regenerative medicine. Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neovasculogenesis primarily through paracrine angiogenic activity and partly by differentiation into mature endothelial cells in situ. Mesenchymal stem cells also exert paracrine effects, including proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity. However, in CKD, multiple factors may contribute to reduced cell function, including older age, coexisting cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammatory states, and uremia, which may limit the effectiveness of an autologous cell-based therapy approach. This Review highlights current knowledge on stem and progenitor cell function and vitality, aspects of the uremic milieu that may serve as a barrier to therapy, and novel methods to improve stem cell function for potential transplantation.
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Scaffold-free and scaffold-assisted 3D culture enhances differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 52:204-17. [PMID: 26542170 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-015-9971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D cultures of stem cells can preserve differentiation potential or increase the efficiency of methods that induce differentiation. Mouse bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured in 3D as scaffold-free spheroids or "mesoid bodies" (MBs) and as aggregates on poly(lactic) acid microspheres (MB/MS). 3D cultures demonstrated viable cells, interaction on multiple planes, altered cell morphology, and the formation of structures similar to epithelial cell bridges. Cell proliferation was limited in suspension cultures of MB and MB/MS; however, cells regained proliferative capacity when transferred to flat substrates of tissue culture plates (TCPs). Expanded as monolayer, cells retained expression of Sca-1 and CD44 stem cell markers. 3D cultures demonstrated enhanced potential for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation showing higher triglyceride accumulation and robust mineralization in comparison with TCP cultures. Enhanced and efficient adipogenesis was also observed in 3D cultures generated in a rotating cell culture system. Preservation of multilineage potential of BMSC was demonstrated in 5-azacytidine treatment of 3D cultures and TCP by expression of cardiac markers GATA4 and ACTA1 although functioning cardiomyocytes were not derived.
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BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation is partially inhibited by miR-30a in the mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2. J Mol Histol 2015. [PMID: 26205653 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, BMP9 is the strongest inducer of osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Recent studies have suggested that the miR-30 family regulates cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. In the present study, we found that expression of only one miR-30 family member, miR-30a, first decreased and then increased during BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation assays revealed that miR-30a had no effect on the proliferation of C3H10T1/2 cells. However, over-expression of miR-30a led to expression of an early osteogenic marker and a reduction in Runx2 expression. In addition, we observed decreases in the expression of late osteogenic markers and osteopontin, as well as calcium deposition. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that this process might be mediated by suppressing Runx2 protein expression. In vivo stem cell implantation revealed inhibition of BMP9-induced ectopic bone formation and matrix mineralization by miR-30a. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which miR-30a negatively regulates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation.
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