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Kutkut A, Knudsen H, Bush H, Studts J. Comparison of Implant-Retained Overdenture and Conventional Complete Denture: A Survey Study to Measure Patients' Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Dental School Clinics. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2024; 50:266-276. [PMID: 38839070 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-22-00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Patient satisfaction and quality of life are integral to assessing oral health care quality. For many Americans still using conventional complete dentures (CDs) or implant-retained mandibular overdentures (IODs), it remains essential to consider improving their oral health outcomes and quality of life. Due to inexperienced student dentists providing dental care to dental school patients, patient grievances are generally considered a problem. Patient feedback and satisfaction have proven valuable resources for monitoring and improving patient safety. While CDs and IODs are the 2 leading treatment options for edentulism, more comparative studies in the literature need to compare their outcomes in a school setting. The research question that guided this comparative analysis was, "Is patient satisfaction and quality of life affected by the type of prostheses and provider?" A validated questionnaire was mailed to 520 individuals selected from records of patients who had received treatment for edentulous mandible at a student prosthodontic clinic at the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry from 2014 to 2016 with at least 1 year of follow-up time. A validated questionnaire for edentulous patients based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-19) was used. In addition, information on patients' oral health-related quality of life, including questions related to the edentulous patients' satisfaction with their dentures, was collected. The response rate was 33% (N = 171). The study's findings confirm previous findings, suggesting that IODs may significantly impact oral health-related quality of life. Data show that 76% of the IOD group reported improvement in experience when using the implants to retain the mandibular denture. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the OHIP scores between overall CD and IOD patient groups. Males with IODs had lower physical pain, limitations, and disability scores than males with CD. However, females with IODs reported more significant concerns associated with a social disability and handicap domains. Comparing users who had experiences with both treatment options, this study discerned essential characteristics that contribute to increased patient satisfaction with IODs and identified significance in outcomes by gender. These findings guide prosthodontic practitioners' patient care practices and identify a continuing need to discuss CD and IOD treatment protocols within dental school curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kutkut
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry
| | - Hannah Knudsen
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine
| | - Heather Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, College of Public Health
| | - Jamie Studts
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine
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Chen S, Liu Q, Yu X, Zeng X. Common risk factors for dental caries and impaired glucose regulation in Guangxi, China. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:219-228. [PMID: 37691409 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of caries and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and try to investigate their common risk factors among adult residents in Guangxi province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2993 adults from five different areas of Guangxi province. The sociodemographic data, history of personal habits such as diet and physical activities, physical measurements, oral examination results and biochemical laboratory test data were collected to establish a database and prepare a sound research model. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse the risk factors for dental caries and IGR. RESULTS The prevalence rate for caries was 85.9%, and the mean DMFT score was 7.35. In multiple logistic regression, after adjustment, education level, occupation, daily consumption of vegetables, weekly consumption of carbonated beverages and weekly exercise were associated with caries (odds ratio [OR]: 2.10, OR: 1.80, OR: 1.40, OR: 2.45, OR: 2.38). The prevalence of IGR was 33.5%, and after adjustment, results showed that occupation, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-C levels and low-density lipoprotein-C levels were significantly associated with IGR (OR: 0.80, OR: 1.70, OR: 1.56, OR: 1.88, OR: 1.60, OR: 1.43, OR: 1.48). The strength of association between caries/IGR and risk factors was a weak association or moderate association. CONCLUSIONS We have not found common risk factors between dental caries and IGR. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore these common risk factors to prevent caries and IGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Chen
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zeng
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Farva K, Sattar H, Ullah H, Raziq A, Mehmood MD, Tareen AK, Sultan IN, Zohra Q, Khan MW. Phenotypic Analysis, Molecular Characterization, and Antibiogram of Caries-Causing Bacteria Isolated from Dental Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1952. [PMID: 37630520 PMCID: PMC10457851 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Despite scientific advances in cariology, dental caries remains a severe global concern. The aim of this study was to determine the optimization of microbial and molecular techniques for the detection of cariogenic pathogens in dental caries patients, the prevalence of cariogenic bacteria on the basis of socioeconomic, climatological, and hygienic factors, and in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic antibiotics and herbal extracts. In this study, oral samples were collected from 900 patients for bacterial strain screening on a biochemical and molecular basis. Plant extracts, such as ginger, garlic, neem, tulsi, amla, and aloe vera, were used to check the antimicrobial activity against the isolated strains. Synthetic antimicrobial agents, such as penicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, doxycycline, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, were also used to access the antimicrobial activity. Among 900 patients, 63% were males and 37% were females, patients aged between 36 and 58 (45.7%) years were prone to disease, and the most common symptom was toothache (61%). For oral diseases, 21% used herbs, 36% used antibiotics, and 48% were self-medicated, owing to sweets consumption (60.66%) and fizzy drinks and fast food (51.56%). Staphylococcus mutans (29.11%) and Streptococcus sobrinus (28.11%) were found as the most abundant strains. Seven bacterial strains were successfully screened and predicted to be closely related to genera S. sobrinus, S. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Eubacterium nodatum, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, and Treponema Pallidum. Among plant extracts, the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded by ginger (22.36 mm) and amla (20.01 mm), while among synthetic antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were most effective against all microbes. This study concluded that phyto extracts of ginger and amla were considered suitable alternatives to synthetic antibiotics to treat dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Farva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Ullah
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Abdur Raziq
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Muhammad Danish Mehmood
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Afrasiab Khan Tareen
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Quratulaain Zohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Project of Sahara for Life Trust, The Sahara College Narowal, Punjab 51601, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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Adolescents' knowledge and beliefs regarding health risks of soda and diet soda consumption. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:3044-3053. [PMID: 35983831 PMCID: PMC9991753 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Australian adolescents' knowledge and beliefs regarding potential health consequences of soda and diet soda consumption and nutritional aspects of soda and explore associations with consumption. DESIGN A survey utilising a nationally representative sample (stratified two-stage probability design) assessed knowledge of nutritional contents and health consequences of soda, and beliefs regarding health risks of diet soda, and soda and diet drink consumption. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS 9102 Australian school students (12-17 years) surveyed in 2018. RESULTS Adolescents had lower nutritional knowledge (sugar content (22·2 %), exercise equivalent (33·9 %), calories/kJ (3·1 %)) than general knowledge of health risks (87·4 %) and some health effects (71·7-75·6 % for tooth decay, weight gain and diabetes), with lower knowledge of heart disease (56·0 %) and cancer (19·3 %). Beliefs regarding health effects of diet soda were similar, albeit not as high. In general, female sex, older age and less disadvantage were associated with reporting health effects of soda and diet soda, and nutritional knowledge of soda (P < 0·001). Those reporting tooth decay, weight gain, heart disease and diabetes as health effects of soda and diet soda were lower consumers of soda and diet drinks (P < 0·001), as were those with higher nutritional knowledge (sugar content and exercise equivalent; P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights possible knowledge gaps regarding the health effects of soda and nutritional knowledge for public health intervention. When implementing such interventions, it is important to monitor the extent to which adolescents may consider diet drinks as an alternative beverage given varied beliefs about health consequences and evolving evidence.
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"No Child or Adult Would Ever Probably Choose to Have 16 Teaspoons of Sugar": A Preliminary Study of Parents' Responses to Sugary Drink Warning Label Options. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194173. [PMID: 36235825 PMCID: PMC9571345 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Front-of-pack (FoP) warning labels are a viable policy option with the potential to inform consumer choice and assist in reducing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as part of a multi-faceted approach. This study explored parents' perceptions and understanding of a range of SSB warning labels. Focus groups (n = 12) with 82 parents of school-aged children were conducted, stratified according to education level, sex and location. Health effects, exercise equivalents, sugar content (teaspoons in text and pictograms, "high in") and energy content labels were shown. Through thematic analysis we identified three themes. Theme 1 related to perceptions of effectiveness of labels, underpinned by four subthemes: perceptions of labels as credible, informative and useful, personally relevant and having the potential to change be haviour. Theme 2 related to participants finding opportunities for self-exemption (e.g., physically active) and message rejection (e.g., misinterpretation). Theme 3 encompassed the potential negative consequences of some labels (e.g., body image concerns). The text teaspoons label was perceived most favourably across all themes, with minimal negative issues raised. These results provide in-depth insight into potential responses to labelling as a policy intervention, providing important guidance for the development of labels to ensure optimal message content and framing for future testing and subsequent implementation.
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Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, Radwan IA, Abbass MMS, Al Jawaldeh A. The effect of unhealthy dietary habits on the incidence of dental caries and overweight/obesity among Egyptian school children (A cross-sectional study). Front Public Health 2022; 10:953545. [PMID: 36052005 PMCID: PMC9424618 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.953545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries are public health problems in Egypt. Factors such as unhealthy diet, poor oral hygiene, and physical inactivity can play a major role in both problems. This study was carried out to illuminate the mutual unhealthy dietary risk factors associated with the incidence of both health conditions. Methods Between 1 October 2020 and 1 July 2021, 369 Egyptian children (5-10 years) were examined. Dental status was assessed using decayed, missing/extracted, and filled tooth indices (dmft, deft, and DMFT) for deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentitions, respectively. Moreover, the lifestyle, food habits, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results A total of 342 (93.7%) of the included subjects suffered from caries, and only 27(7.3%) were caries-free. Based on BMI percentiles, 247 (66.9%) of the youngsters were overweight/obese, while 122 (33.1%) had normal weight. The mean dmft was 6.9 (±4.6), deft 4.2 (±3.3), and DMFT 0.1 (±1.7). In the primary dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between dmft and BMI, legumes, sweetened milk and juice, soft drinks, and desserts, while a significant negative correlation was detected between dmft/deft, meat/poultry/fish, fresh fruits, and vegetables. A significant positive correlation was detected between deft and BMI, sweetened milk and juice, ice cream, candies, and crackers. In the permanent dentition, a significant positive correlation was detected between age, soft drinks, sweetened juice, desserts, and DMFT, while a significant negative correlation was detected with fresh fruits and vegetables. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with a healthy lifestyle, meat/poultry/fish consumption, and fresh fruits and vegetables while positively correlated with legumes, ice cream, soft drinks, granulated sugars, desserts, fast food, and caffeinated drinks. Conclusion Overweight/obesity was positively correlated with primary dentition dental caries. Desserts (sweetened snacks) and soft drinks could be the common risk factors associated with high caries and overweight/obesity incidence among Egyptian school children; conversely, consumption of fruits and vegetables could hinder both health conditions. Moreover, sweetened juices were associated with primary and permanent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Marwa M. S. Abbass
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), Cairo, Egypt
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Sim EB, Sohn W, Choi ES, Noh H. Oral Health Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Korean Adolescents. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:721-731. [PMID: 35920085 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association between the frequency of SSB consumption and the prevalence of oral symptoms in adolescents. METHODS We analyzed the data collected from the 2017 (13th) Korea Youth Risk-Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). KYRBS collected beverage consumption data from 64,991 Korean adolescents. Self-reported oral symptoms including sensitivity to food, sharp aches and pains in the teeth, and painful or bleeding gums were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to test the Association between the frequency of SSB consumption and oral symptoms groups. RESULTS It was found that Korean adolescents who consumed SSB at least once a week(94.4%) experienced more subjective oral symptoms (46.5%) even after controlling for confounding variables. In addition, as the frequency of SSB intake in adolescents increased, the subjective oral symptoms increased. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly revealed that the SSB consumption impacted adolescents' subjective oral symptoms. Compared to those who did not consume SSBs, those who consumed SSBs showed increased for developing subjective oral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Sim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Woosung Sohn
- Discipline of Population Oral Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eun Sil Choi
- Ganwon Public Health Policy Institute, Ganwon, Korea
| | - Hiejin Noh
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
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Miller C, Wright K, Dono J, Pettigrew S, Wakefield M, Coveney J, Wittert G, Roder D, Durkin S, Martin J, Ettridge K. "You can't just eat 16 teaspoons of sugar so why would you drink 16 teaspoons' worth of sugar?": a qualitative study of young adults' reactions to sugary drink warning labels. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1241. [PMID: 35733102 PMCID: PMC9219237 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several jurisdictions have introduced nutrient warning front of pack (FoP) labels in an effort to curb consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages high in free sugars (sugars added to foods and beverages, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates). This study aimed to explore consumer understanding and perceptions of FoP warning labels that convey different nutritional and health information messages regarding the consumption of sugary drinks. Methods Sixteen focus groups were held with 4–8 young adults per group (aged 18–24; n = 105 participants in total) stratified by education level, location (rural centres, large cities) and gender (males, females) to ensure diversity. Labels shown to participants during group discussions included text warning labels of health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information and sugar content as a “high in” label and as teaspoons (text and pictograms). Thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Four themes were identified related to participants’ perceived effectiveness of labels: the extent to which labels were perceived to be useful, relevant and credible; the extent to which a label elicited shock or disgust (perceived aversiveness); the extent to which the label message was resistant to self-exemption; and participants’ perceived potential of the label to reduce purchasing and consumption behaviour. Across all four themes, labels communicating the number of teaspoons of sugar in a sugary drink (whether by text or pictogram) were perceived as the most impactful, resistant to self-exemption and to have the greatest potential to reduce consumption, with enhanced reactions to the pictogram label. Labels depicting health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information or a general ‘high in sugar’ warning were perceived by consumers to be less effective in one or more themes. Conclusions Labels conveying the amount of sugar in a beverage in teaspoons were perceived as highly factual, relatable and interpretable, and as having the greatest potential to impact consumption attitudes and intentions. Further quantitative studies are required to compare the potential effectiveness of the teaspoons of sugar labels in reducing purchasing and consumption behaviour than other alternative warning labels, such as health effects or “high in” sugar labels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13648-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Miller
- The University of Adelaide's School of Public Health, Adelaide, Australia. .,Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - K Wright
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,The University of Adelaide's School of Psychology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - J Dono
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,The University of Adelaide's School of Psychology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Pettigrew
- Food Policy, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Coveney
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Wittert
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - D Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Martin
- Obesity Policy Coalition and Alcohol and Obesity Policy, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Ettridge
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,The University of Adelaide's School of Psychology, Adelaide, Australia
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Bragg MA, Rummo PE, Greene T, Arshonsky J, Anekwe AV, Mezzacca TA, Farley SM. Beverage Availability and Price: Variations by Neighborhood Poverty Level in New York City. Health Equity 2022; 6:322-329. [PMID: 35557551 PMCID: PMC9081063 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To describe the variability in the availability and price of sugary drinks, low-calorie drinks, and water/seltzer across high- and low-poverty census tracts in the five boroughs of New York City (NYC). Design: Cross-sectional study. Our primary analysis compared the overall sample of beverages. Secondary analyses included tests for differences in the availability of beverage categories by neighborhood poverty level. Setting: We collected data from 106 stores (31 supermarkets, 29 convenience stores, 29 pharmacies, 9 Targets, and 8 Dollar Trees) in NYC. Fifty-four stores were located in high-poverty census tracts and 52 were located in low-poverty census tracts. Results: The mean Price per 0.03-liter of sugary drinks across the sample was $0.08, which was significantly higher than the price of low-calorie drinks ($0.07, p=0.01) but not different from water/seltzer ($0.08, p=0.65). Sugary drinks and water/seltzer were available in 91% of retailers, and low-calorie drinks were available in 87% of retailers. There was no statistical difference in availability of sugary drinks compared with low-calorie drinks or water/seltzer overall or within high- or low-poverty census tracts. Analyzed by store type, the mean price per ounce of sugary drinks differed significantly from water/seltzer at convenience stores, pharmacies, and Target stores (bodegas: $0.08 vs. $0.09, p=0.03; pharmacies: $0.11 vs. $0.08, p=0.02; Target stores: $0.07 vs. $0.09, p=0.01). Conclusions: Sugary drinks were available in most food retail settings in NYC, with little variation by census tract poverty level. Interventions that raise the price of sugary drinks to make healthier alternatives, such as water, the more affordable option should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Bragg
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tenay Greene
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josh Arshonsky
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amaka V Anekwe
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | | | - Shannon M Farley
- ICAP, Columbia University, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY USA
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Knowledge, Attitude and Consumption Pattern of Sugar Sweetened Beverages Among Somali Students in Turkey. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.861149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baumgartner CS, Wang NJ, Wigen TI. Oral health behaviours in 12-year-olds. Association with caries and characteristics of the children? Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:15-20. [PMID: 34348569 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1933173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore frequency of tooth brushing, dental flossing, fluoride supplements and sugar snacking in 12-year-olds, and to study how these oral health behaviours were associated with background characteristics and caries prevalence. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 4779 children. Data were collected by clinical examination and questionnaires regarding oral health behaviours and child characteristics. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Data were tested using Chi-square statistics and analyzed by logistic regression. The study was ethically approved. RESULTS Of the children, 81% brushed twice daily, 36% flossed once a week or more often, 39% used fluoride supplements daily and 48% consumed sugar between meals once a week or less often. Children who brushed twice daily more often flossed regularly, used fluoride daily and consumed sugar between meals less often than other children (p < .05). Girls and children whose parents had long education more often had favourable oral health behaviours than other children; brushed more frequently, more often used floss and fluoride supplements and consumed sugary snacks less often than other children (p < .05). In total, 40% of the children were caries-free. Children who brushed less than twice daily had more often caries than other children (OR 1.50, CI 1.29-1.74) when controlling for background characteristics and other oral health behaviours. CONCLUSIONS The majority of children brushed twice daily and these children had caries less often than other children. The use of dental floss, fluoride supplements or sugar snacking in addition to brushing twice daily, did not reduce the probability of having caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sophie Baumgartner
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Johanne Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Irene Wigen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Rela R, Raj A, Kashyap S, Kundra K, Kandari S, Naz F. Correlation between BMI, caries prevalence, and sugar-containing beverage intake in 6-10 year old children. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S991-S994. [PMID: 36110683 PMCID: PMC9469329 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_814_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beverages containing sugar are proven risk factors for obesity and dental caries. Therefore, owing to the shared risk factors, an interrelationship is suspected between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children. Aims: The present trial was carried out to assess the interrelationship between BMI, sugar beverage consumption, and dental caries in children aged 6–10 years. Materials and Methods: Eighty-six children within the age range of 6–10 years answered the health questionnaire. The BMI was calculated, intra-oral assessment was done, the frequency of sweetened beverage consumption was recorded, and the collected data were subjected to the statistical evaluation to formulate results. Results: On evaluation, a non-significant difference was observed in BMI levels in the four groups (P = 0.12). Whole-milk intake also showed an inverse correlation with dental caries and BMI, but this correlation was statistically non-significant with the respective values of P = 0.57 and 0.55. A similar inverse relationship was seen for low-fat milk for caries and BMI with P = 0.65 and 0.45, respectively. Regarding soft drinks, 44.1% (n = 38) took soft drinks, and a non-significant relation between caries and intake as well as BMI and intake with P = 0.86 and 0.55, respectively. Conclusion: Within its limitations, the present study concludes that no correlation exists between BMI and dental caries as well as between sugar-containing beverage consumption and dental caries. Also, BMI and sugar-containing beverage consumption showed no correlation in children aged 6–10 years.
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Miller C, Ettridge K, Pettigrew S, Wittert G, Wakefield M, Coveney J, Roder D, Martin J, Brownbill A, Dono J. Warning labels and interpretive nutrition labels: Impact on substitution between sugar and artificially sweetened beverages, juice and water in a real-world selection task. Appetite 2021; 169:105818. [PMID: 34838869 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective strategies to reduce free sugar intake are needed. This study examined exposure to a warning label, independently and in conjunction with a Health Star Rating (HSR) label, on the selection of commercially available cold beverages with real decision-making stakes. Participants (N = 511, 47.9% female, mean = 21.7 (SD = 6.1) years) accessed an online convenience store app via an on-campus laptop to select one of 10 beverages (5 sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs], 1100% fruit juice, 2 artificially sweetened beverages [ASBs] and 2 waters). The task was repeated with the addition of a warning label on high-sugar drinks in Round 2, and the addition of an HSR label on all drinks in Round 3. Participants were informed that they would receive a complementary drink (valued at <$5AUD) based on their selections following the completion of a brief questionnaire. Baseline results indicated that SSBs and waters were the most and least popular choices, respectively. For both males and females, there was a significant decrease in SSB selection (p < 0.001) and significant increase in ASB and water selection (p < 0.001) following the addition of warning labels to high-sugar drinks. The decreased selection of SSBs and increased selection of waters was maintained in Round 3 when HSR labels were added to all drinks. 100% fruit juice selection decreased with the addition of a warning label for females only (p < 0.01), but increased following the addition of a 4-star HSR label, for both males (p < 0.05) and females (p < 0.001). Warning labels reduced young adults' selection of SSBs and promoted substitution to water. The HSR reinforced this effect for the least healthy drinks. Increased water selection may be further enhanced by ensuring that warning label thresholds and HSR algorithms align to present consistent messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Miller
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- Food Policy, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Coveney
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Martin
- Obesity Policy Coalition and Alcohol and Obesity Policy, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aimee Brownbill
- Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Samman M, Kaye E, Cabral H, Scott T, Sohn W. Dental Erosion: Effect of Diet Drink Consumption on Permanent Dentition. JDR Clin Trans Res 2021; 7:425-434. [PMID: 34622687 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211048478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the effect of diet drinks on dental erosion among a representative sample of US adults. METHODS Adult dietary and dental data were analyzed from the 2003-2004 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Erosion was measured with a modified tooth wear index and was analyzed as a dichotomous variable. Cluster analysis was performed, and the cluster number was based on having a separate diet drink cluster and the R2 values. Survey procedure and sample weights were used. RESULTS Most of the population (80%) had some form of dental erosive lesions. When compared with the total sample, people with erosion were more likely to be male (52.5%) and older. People with no erosive lesions were younger (42.3%) and non-Hispanic Black (21.2%). Cluster analysis resulted in 4 distinct clusters: high water, high diet drinks, high coffee/tea, and high soda. The respective percentage of individuals in each cluster who had erosion was 78.9%, 85%, 83.9%, and 76.2%, where the "high diet drinks" cluster showed the highest erosion (P = 0.28). Logistic regression modeling showed that the "high diet drinks" cluster had increased odds of erosion (odds ratio = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.58 to 2.77) when compared with the "high water" cluster, but the relationship was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION High diet drinks consumption slightly increased the odds of dental erosion among US adults, although this relationship was not statistically significant. It is thus not yet clear that dentists should recommend diet drinks, as they might be linked to systemic diseases. Further research is needed to explore more about risk factors of erosion. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The findings of this study are suggestive, though not significantly, that diet drinks may increase risk for dental erosion. While further research is needed, it is not clear that dentists should recommend these drinks as healthy substitutes for sugary drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samman
- Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Kaye
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Cabral
- Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Scott
- Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Sohn
- The University of Sydney School of Dentistry, Westmead, Australia
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15
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Tan GR, Hsu CYS, Zhang Y. pH-Responsive Hybrid Nanoparticles for Imaging Spatiotemporal pH Changes in Biofilm-Dentin Microenvironments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:46247-46259. [PMID: 34570460 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering highly sensitive nanomaterials to monitor spatiotemporal pH changes has rather broad applications in studying various biological systems. Intraoral/biofilm-tooth pH is the single parameter that has demonstrated accurate assessment of dental caries risk, reflecting the summative integrated outcome of the complicated interactions between three etiological factors, namely, microorganisms/biofilm, diet/carbohydrates, and tooth/saliva/host. However, there is little to no technology/system capable of accurately probing simultaneously both the micro-pH profiles in dentin tissues and acidogenic oral biofilms and examining the pathophysiologic acid attacks with high spatial/temporal resolution. Therefore, a highly sensitive pH-responsive hybrid nanoparticle (pH-NP) is developed and coupled with an ex vivo tooth-biofilm caries model to simulate and study the key cariogenic determinants/steps. The pH-NP emits two distinct fluorescences with mutually inversely proportional intensities that vary accordingly to the proximity pH and with a ratiometric output sensitivity of 13.4-fold across a broad clinically relevant pH range of 3.0-8.0. Using [H+], in addition to pH, to calculate the "area-under-curve" corroborates the "minimum-pH" in semiquantifying the demineralizing potential in each biofilm-dentin zones/depth. The data mechanistically elucidates a two-pronged cariogenic effect of a popular-acidic-sweet-drink, in inundating the biofilm/tooth-system with H+ ions from both the drink and the metabolic byproducts of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Rong Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Chin-Ying Stephen Hsu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, 9 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119085, Singapore
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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16
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Feldman L. The American Dental Association should support sweetened beverage taxation. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 152:883-885. [PMID: 34482946 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Almalki SA, Almutairi MS, Alotaibi AM, Almutairi AS, Albudayri LM, Almutairi RZ. Parental Attitude and Awareness toward Preventive Dentistry in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S257-S262. [PMID: 34447088 PMCID: PMC8375860 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_708_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Preventive oral health of a child is dependent on the parental knowledge toward caries control, care of deciduous tooth, use of space maintainers for malocclusion, and utilization of various procedures available for preventing oral diseases by oral health professionals. This study was aimed to assess the attitude and awareness of preventive dentistry among parents residing in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross-sectional, questionnaire study was conducted among 300 male parents. Questionnaire was sent through the use of social media, and responses were collected. Results: Seventy-four percent of male Saudi parents were aware of prevention of oral diseases. 38.45% of male parents were aware of preventive dentistry procedure, but preventive dentistry utilization rate was seen among 6% population only. Attitude toward the prevention of oral disease was statistically not significant according to the age group and income but statistically significant according to education. The utilization of preventive procedures was significant according to education and income (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Awareness about preventive dentistry was more among Saudi parents but utilization rate was directly correlated to their education and income. After The utilization of preventive procedures was significant according to education and income (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan A Almalki
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University, Al Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed Saleh Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lafi Muqbil Albudayri
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi Zayed Almutairi
- College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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18
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Abramovitz I, Zini A, Kessler Baruch O, Kedem R, Protter NE, Shay B, Yavnai N, Zur D, Mijiritsky E, Almoznino G. SOS teeth with advanced caries and sociodemographic indicators, health-related habits and dental attendance patterns: data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) nationwide records-based study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:389. [PMID: 34372843 PMCID: PMC8351153 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background "SOS teeth" are teeth that need to be treated first, and represent dental teeth with deep caries seen clinically and radiographically which may require root canal treatment or extraction. The aims of the present research were to study the associations of SOS teeth with: socio-demographic parameters, dental attendance patterns, health-related habits among young to middle-aged adults. Methods This cross-sectional records-based research analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) repository that captures comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationwide sample of 132,529 records of dental attendees to military dental clinics for 1 year aged 18 to 50 years.
Results SOS teeth had a significant positive association in the multivariate analysis with male sex [OR 1.137, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.079–1.199], rural versus urban Jewish locality [OR 1.748 (1.082–2.825)], and consumption of sweetened beverages [OR 1.415 (1.337–1.496)]. SOS teeth retained significant negative associations (protective parameter) with academic [OR 0.647 (0.592–0.708)] and technicians (OR 0.616 (0.556–0.682)] compared to high school education, high [OR 0.437 (0.401–0.476)], and medium (OR 0.648 (0.598–0.702)] versus low socio-economic status, urban non-Jewish versus urban Jewish locality [OR 0.746 (0.693–0.802)], Asia (OR 0.658 (0.452–0.959)], North America (OR 0.539 (0.442–0.658)] and Israel [OR 0.735 (0.686–0.788)] versus western Europe birth countries.
Conclusions Health authorities should be familiar with this profile of the patient who is vulnerable to SOS teeth and formulate policies and allow the appropriate implementation of strategies in those in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Abramovitz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Zini
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Community Dentistry, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ortal Kessler Baruch
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kedem
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Noam E Protter
- Chief Dental Surgeon & Head of Forensic Unit, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Boaz Shay
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nirit Yavnai
- Medical Research & Academy Section, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dorit Zur
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eitan Mijiritsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Endodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Head, Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Dean's Office, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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19
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Miller CL, Dono J, Scully M, Morley B, Ettridge K. Adolescents report low opposition towards policy options to reduce consumption of sugary drinks. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12775. [PMID: 33738982 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policy makers benefit from insight into consumer perceptions of potential sugary drink policy measures. Adolescents are among the highest consumers in Australia, yet their perceptions are unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine adolescents' perceptions of potential policies aimed at reducing sugary drink consumption and explore variation in perceptions. METHODS Data were collected via a nationally representative survey of Australian secondary school students (aged 12-17) using a stratified two-stage probability design (n = 9102). Survey questions assessed receptiveness to five policy options, sugary drink consumption, perceptions of health effects and demographics. RESULTS Low proportions (13%-29%) were somewhat/strongly against policy options, 35% to 45% were neutral, and 27% to 52% were somewhat/strongly in favour. Highest support was observed for text warning labels on sugary drinks (52%), followed by tax with investment in healthy weight programmes (43%), standalone tax (36%), restricting school sales (30%) and restricting advertising to children (27%). Sex, sugary drink consumption and perceptions were significantly associated with most assessed policy options in bivariate analyses (P < .01). Significant associations between sex and consumption with selected policy options persisted in adjusted multilevel models. CONCLUSIONS Opposition towards policy options was low overall and neutrality was common. This creates opportunity for early intervention to increase public support for addressing specific health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Louise Miller
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Maree Scully
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Intentions to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption: the importance of perceived susceptibility to health risks. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5663-5672. [PMID: 33472724 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are numerous health effects associated with excess sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Interventions aimed at reducing population-level consumption require understanding of the relevant barriers and facilitators. This study aimed to identify the variables with the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce SSB consumption from a suite of variables derived from the literature. DESIGN Random-digit dialling of landline and mobile phones was used to survey adults using computer-assisted telephone interviews. The outcome variable was 'likelihood of reducing SSB consumption in next 6 months', and the predictor variables were demographics, SSB attitudes and behaviour, health risk perceptions and social/environmental exposure. SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS A subsample of 1630 regular SSB consumers from a nationally representative sample of 3430 Australian adults (38 % female, 51 % aged 18-45 years, 56 % overweight or obese). RESULTS Respondents indicated that they were 'not at all' (30·1 %), 'somewhat' (43·9 %) and 'very likely' (25·3 %) to reduce SSB consumption. Multivariate nominal logistic regressions showed that perceiving future health to be 'very much' at risk was the strongest predictor of intention to reduce SSB consumption (OR = 8·1, 95 % CI 1·8, 37·0, P < 0·01). Other significant predictors (P < 0·01) included self-perceptions about too much consumption, habitual consumption, difficulty reducing consumption and likelihood of benefitting from reduced consumption. CONCLUSIONS Health risk perceptions had the strongest relationship with intentions to reduce consumption. Age and consumption perceptions were also predictors in the multivariate models, whereas social/environmental exposure variables were not. Interventions may seek to incorporate strategies to denormalise consumption practices and increase knowledge about perceived susceptibility to health risks.
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21
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Leung CW, Wolfson JA, Hsu R, Soster K, Mangan S, Falbe J. Warning Labels Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among College Students. J Nutr 2020; 151:179-185. [PMID: 33245125 PMCID: PMC7779215 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related warning labels may reduce the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), but the effectiveness of such labels in real-world settings is not well established. OBJECTIVES We investigated the influence of warning labels on SSB intake among college students at a large public Midwestern university. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental intervention study among 840 undergraduate students recruited from 3 dining halls on 1 university campus. One dining hall was selected as the intervention (I) site, whereas the other dining halls served as control (C) sites. In January 2019, warning labels were posted on SSB dispensers at the I site. All students reported their beverage intake using a modified beverage frequency questionnaire 2 mo before and 2 mo after the warning label implementation. Generalized linear models examined the influence of the warning labels on SSB consumption at the I site compared with the C sites, adjusting for students' sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS In the sample, 68% were aged 17-18 y old at baseline, and 51% identified as female. From baseline to follow-up, there was a 19% decrease in SSB intake at the I site, compared with a 5% decrease at the C sites (P = 0.049 comparing I with C). This difference was driven by significant decreases in the intakes of fruit-flavored drinks, sweetened teas, and flavored milk at the I site compared with the C sites. Although not an SSB, 100% fruit juce consumption decreased 21% at the I site, compared with a 1% increase at the C sites (P = 0.01 comparing I with C). No significant differences were observed in the intakes of soda, energy drinks, sweetened coffees, and nonsugary drinks at the I site compared with the C sites. CONCLUSIONS Warning labels were effective in reducing SSB intake among college students, particularly for fruit-flavored drinks, sweetened teas, and flavored milk.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04435145.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A Wolfson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Hsu
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Keith Soster
- Michigan Dining, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steve Mangan
- Michigan Dining, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Falbe
- Human Development and Family Studies Program, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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van der Tas JT, Wolvius EB, Kragt L, Rivadeneira F, Moll HA, Steegers EAP, Schalekamp-Timmermans S. Caries experience among children born after a complicated pregnancy. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 49:225-231. [PMID: 33219527 PMCID: PMC8246927 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Behavioural and lifestyle factors, as oral hygiene and diet, are well‐established risk factors in the pathogenesis of dental caries, though displaying large differences in susceptibility across individuals. Since enamel formation already starts in utero, pregnancy course and outcome may eventually play a role in enamel strength and caries susceptibility. Therefore, we studied the association between history of pregnancy complications and the caries experience in their six‐year‐old children. The pregnancy complications included small for gestational age (SGA), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), gestational hypertension (GH), pre‐eclampsia (PE), individually, and a combination of those, designated as placental syndrome. Methods This study was embedded in Generation R, a prospective longitudinal Dutch multiethnic pregnancy cohort study. Information about pregnancy complications was obtained from questionnaires completed by midwives and obstetricians with cross‐validation in medical records. These included SGA, sPTB, GH and PE. Caries experience was assessed with the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index at a mean age of six years. The association between dental caries experience and a history of pregnancy complications was studied by using hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models. Results We were able to assess the dmft index in 5323 six‐year‐old children (mean age 6.2 years, SD 0.5). We did not find an association between the different pregnancy complications and dental caries experience in childhood, whether for SGA, sPTB, GH, PE, or for the combined outcome placental syndrome (HNB estimates: OR 1.02, 95%CI 0.87 ‐ 1.19; RR 0.90, 95%CI 0.78 ‐ 1.04). Further adjustment of the models with different confounders did not alter the outcome. Conclusions Although it is expected that prenatal stress can be a risk factor for caries development later in life, our findings do not support this hypothesis. Therefore, we believe disparities in caries experience between children are probably not explained by early life events during a critical intrauterine period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T van der Tas
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Kragt
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte A Moll
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Schalekamp-Timmermans
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Assessment of beverage consumption by young adults in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1635-1647. [PMID: 33424256 PMCID: PMC7783230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The primary objective was to assess beverage consumption pattern and calorie intake among undergraduate students on weekly and daily basis. Secondary objectives were to determine the relationship between demographic variables and beverage intake, assess mean differences in calorie intake between students’ groups and, report the predictors of beverage consumption. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months (January–March 2019) among currently enrolled undergraduate students studying in 8 colleges of a public sector university in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The study used the Arabic version of Beverage Frequency Questionnaire (BFQ) and collected data through purposive stratified sampling. Total intake in ml and calories in kcals were calculated. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 23 and the study was approved from ethics committee of the university (IRB‐2019‐05‐021). Results A total of 507 students responded to the survey. The average volume of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), caffeine containing beverage (CCBs) and carbonated beverages (CarBs) consumed was 4.2 L, 4 L and 1.5 L per week and 650.6 ml, 575.2 ml and 224.6 ml per day, respectively. Average daily calorie intake from SSBs, CCBs and CarBs was 187.6 kcals, 87.6 kcals and 52.5 kcals, respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly related to CCB (ρ = 0.130) and CarBs (ρ = 0.100) intake (mL) (p < 0.05). Mean difference in calorie intake was mostly significant (p < 0.05) when accounted for students’ demographics, gender, BMI, residence, illness and, examination time, in case of SSBs, CCBs, CarBs and, all beverages. Averge % contribution towards total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) for SSBs, CCBs and CarBs were 10.2%, 6.3% and 2.8%, respectively. Year of study, BMI, residence and illness were predictors of SSBs consumption while BMI, residence and examination time were predictors of CCBs consumption. Gender and BMI were predictors of CarBs intake. Conclusion There was a high consumption of beverages in students that was related to their demographic characteristics. There is a need to create awareness among the students regarding the detrimental effects of chronic consumption of these beverages.
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Patel AI, Hecht CE, Cradock A, Edwards MA, Ritchie LD. Drinking Water in the United States: Implications of Water Safety, Access, and Consumption. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:345-373. [PMID: 32966189 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-035707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent water quality crises in the United States, and recognition of the health importance of drinking water in lieu of sugar-sweetened beverages, have raised interest in water safety, access, and consumption. This review uses a socioecological lens to examine these topics across the life course. We review water intakes in the United States relative to requirements, including variation by age and race/ethnicity. We describe US regulations that seek to ensure that drinking water is safe to consume for most Americans and discuss strategies to reduce drinking water exposure to lead, a high-profile regulated drinking water contaminant. We discuss programs, policies, and environmental interventions that foster effective drinking water access, a concept that encompasses key elements needed to improve water intake. We conclude with recommendations for research, policies, regulations, and practices needed to ensure optimal water intake by all in the United States and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha I Patel
- Division of General Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Christina E Hecht
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, USA;
| | - Angie Cradock
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marc A Edwards
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Lorrene D Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, California 94704, USA;
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An In-Depth Exploration of Knowledge and Beliefs Associated with Soda and Diet Soda Consumption. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092841. [PMID: 32957457 PMCID: PMC7551593 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is widely accepted, but whether artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are a recommended alternative is a growing policy issue because of emerging evidence of potential health effects associated with excess consumption. This study aimed to establish the extent of the Australian population's knowledge of the risks associated with consuming SSBs (e.g., soda) and ASBs (e.g., diet soda), which is essential for identifying which facets of knowledge to target with public health interventions. A national computer-assisted telephone survey of 3430 Australian adults was conducted in 2017. The survey included a range of measures to test associations between SSB and ASB knowledge and beliefs, demographic characteristics, and soda and diet soda consumption. Participants had an overall awareness that there were health risks associated with SSB and ASB consumption, but they lacked more detailed knowledge of health effects and nutritional composition of these drinks. These knowledge gaps are concerning given that SSBs and ASBs are consumed in large quantities in Australia. Public health interventions targeting consumers' limited knowledge and perceptions of health risks associated with excess sugar, calorie intake and artificial sweeteners are essential in reducing the health burden of obesity.
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Nembhwani HV, Winnier J. Impact of problematic eating behaviour and parental feeding styles on early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2020; 30:619-625. [PMID: 32057152 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behaviour in childhood has been implicated in development of early childhood caries. Parenting feeding styles can also contribute to development of various eating behaviours. AIM To evaluate relationship between children's eating behaviour and parental feeding styles with ECC in preschool children. DESIGN A case-control study was conducted in 440 children who were selected and divided into 2 groups: Group A-children with ECC and Group B-children without ECC. Dental caries was recorded using dmft index. The parents of children in both groups were requested to complete the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire (PFQ). RESULTS There was positive association of food avoidance subscales of CEBQ (Satiety Responsiveness, Food Fussiness, Slowness in Eating, and Emotional Undereating) along with certain food-approaching subscales (Desire to Drink and Emotional Overeating) with dental caries status. It was also seen that parental feeding patterns such as Encouragement and Instrumental feeding contributed to decrease in dental caries of the child when compared to Control and Emotional feeding. CONCLUSION Certain eating and feeding behaviours can possibly be associated with development of ECC, such behaviours can be successfully identified using CEBQ and PFQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha V Nembhwani
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, D.Y.Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Jasmin Winnier
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, D.Y.Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
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Samman M, Kaye E, Cabral H, Scott T, Sohn W. The effect of diet drinks on caries among US children: Cluster analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:502-509. [PMID: 32593352 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of sugared beverages on dental caries has been widely studied in dental literature. A major limitation of these studies was examining the beverages as a single source. To overcome this limitation, a few studies used cluster analysis to group people into similar beverage consumption patterns. These studies did not differentiate between sugared beverages and diet drinks. Therefore the aim of this study is to examine the effect of consuming diet drinks on dental caries among US children by using cluster analysis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the authors analyzed the dietary data of children aged 3 through 10 years, using 2 24-hour recall interviews in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Cluster analysis has been used to overcome the limitations of examining the beverages as a single source. Clusters were identified based on the R2 statistic and the local peak of pseudo-F statistics. Survey procedure and sample weights were used to account for the complex National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling design. RESULTS Six beverage consumption clusters were identified: high soda, high 100% juice, high juice drinks, high diet drinks, high milk, and high water. Regression analysis showed that the high soda cluster had a tendency to increase caries risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9 to 3.1), while the high diet drinks cluster had neutral effect compared with the high water cluster (OR, 0.94, 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.8). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that diet drinks have no adverse effect on teeth among US children. Additional well-designed longitudinal studies should be conducted to establish the effect of diet drinks on caries when consumed during childhood. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Although this study did not show an association between caries and diet drinks, dental practitioners should be cautious about recommending these drinks, as they have been linked to systemic diseases. In addition, the American Academy of Pediatrics and National Academy of Medicine do not recommend that children consume these beverages.
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Han JY, Lee JS, Lee JH, Jin MH, Kim SH. Associations between dietary habits, emotional state and subjective oral symptoms in 62,276 South Korean adolescents. Int Dent J 2020; 70:347-359. [PMID: 32478418 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary habits, emotional states, and subjective oral symptoms in Korean adolescents. METHODS Data from 62,276 adolescents were derived from the 13th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, conducting from June 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017. Oral symptoms were assessed by asking students whether they had experienced any of following symptoms within the last 12 months: (i) have you had a crack in your teeth or had any broken teeth not caused by exercise or other accidents?, (ii) have you experienced any toothaches while drinking or eating cold or hot beverages or foods?, (iii) have you ever felt throbbing in your teeth?, and (iv) have you experienced any gum pain or gum bleeding? A multivariable Poisson regression model for prevalence ratio (PR) was conducted. RESULTS Of the participants, 53.1% experienced subjective oral symptoms. After adjusting for confounders, participants with consumption of sweet drinks more than five times weekly in dietary behaviors (PR: 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.13-1.21]), feeling stress in the emotional state (PR: 1.27 [95% CI; 1.24-1.31]), and never brushing teeth (PR: 1.22 [95% CI; 1.14-1.30]) in the frequency of toothbrushing had higher risks of having oral symptoms compared to the reference group. CONCLUSION Many adolescents in Korea experienced oral symptoms. The consumption of sweet drinks, infrequent toothbrushing, and a negative emotional state adversely affected perceived oral symptoms. Public concern about the oral health of adolescents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ju Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Molete M, Stewart A, Bosire E, Igumbor J. The policy implementation gap of school oral health programmes in Tshwane, South Africa: a qualitative case study. BMC Health Serv Res 2020; 20:338. [PMID: 32316953 PMCID: PMC7171775 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-020-05122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School going children across the world continue to experience high levels of untreated dental diseases. The South African Oral Health policy documents present measures to address the oral health needs of children in school settings, yet the burden of oral disease in the country is over 50% among primary school children. METHODS Our study therefore sought to assess the implementation of school oral health programmes in Tshwane in line with policy recommendations using the Walt & Gilson policy analysis triangle. A qualitative explanatory case study was undertaken using a combination of data from direct observations and interviews. The case analysis involved assessing the processes of providing school oral health programmes that were offered at 10 schools in Tshwane. The measuring tools included process maps and an interview guide. RESULTS The results found that policy implementation was affected by poor prior planning, inadequate resources, poor school infrastructure and lack of support from key stakeholders. Furthermore, inconsistencies in policy interpretation by management, coupled with the fact that the oral hygienists were not conversant with the policy hampered delivery of the policy content. The variations in policy implementation observed were often at the discretion of the oral hygienist in response to contextual challenges. CONCLUSION There was policy and practice misalignment and variations in the processes of implementing oral health programmes across the 10 schools. Hence regular monitoring, evaluation and root cause analysis is recommended for such programmes in order to make informed decisions on contextually relevant and standardised programme modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Molete
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, School of Oral Health Sciences, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Aimee Stewart
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Edna Bosire
- School of Cinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Development Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jude Igumbor
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Public Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Blostein FA, Jansen EC, Jones AD, Marshall TA, Foxman B. Dietary patterns associated with dental caries in adults in the United States. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2020; 48:119-129. [PMID: 31809561 PMCID: PMC7056496 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental caries experience, which affects 91% of US adults, is a consequence of a carious process influenced by diet. Although individual foods have been implicated, we hypothesized that dietary patterns might be important predictors of caries presence. METHODS We analysed data from 4467 people ≥18 years old participating in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative sample of the US population. Data from 24-hour dietary recalls were classified into standard food categories and reduced to three dietary patterns using principal components (PCs) analysis. We used regression to model the log-transformed decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score and the prevalence of any caries experience by quartiles of PC scores, controlling for potential confounders. Dietary patterns differed by age with respect to dental caries so 18-30-year-olds (n = 1074) and >30-year-olds (n = 3393) were analysed separately. RESULTS Similar dietary patterns existed among individuals aged 18-30 and >30 years, but the prevalence of DMFT score >0 and the median of DMFT was greater in those >30:78.7% (95% CI: 76.1, 81.3) vs 92.6% (95% CI: 91.4, 93.7) and 4 (95% CI: 4, 5) vs 12 DMFT (95% CI: 11, 13), respectively. In those 18-30, no dietary pattern was associated with greater prevalence or severity of dental caries experience. Among those >30, the prevalence of DMFT>0 was higher by 2% for those in each subsequent quartile of a diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages and sandwiches (adjusted PR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.03)-thus, the prevalence of dental caries experience was 6% higher among those in the uppermost quartile than in the lowest quartile. For every subsequent quartile in the same pattern, there was a 1.98% higher (95% CI: 0.15, 3.85) DMFT score. However, analysis using the two strongest loading food groups from any of the PCs did not identify any predictors of caries experience. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns were associated with the prevalence of dental caries experience, with differing findings by age. Although effect sizes were small, the population impact may be substantial. While food groups high in sugar were associated with caries prevalence and severity, associations were more apparent in the context of overall diet. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether particular dietary patterns are causally related to the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freida A. Blostein
- University of Michigan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology
| | - Erica C. Jansen
- University of Michigan School of Public Health Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Andrew D. Jones
- University of Michigan School of Public Health Department of Nutritional Sciences
| | - Teresa A. Marshall
- University of Iowa College of Dentistry Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry
| | - Betsy Foxman
- University of Michigan School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology
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Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Juice, Artificially-Sweetened Soda and Bottled Water: An Australian Population Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030817. [PMID: 32204487 PMCID: PMC7146120 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing consumption of free sugars, such as those found in high concentrations in manufactured products such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juices, is a global public health priority. This study aimed to measure prevalence of widely available pre-packaged non-alcoholic water-based beverages (carbonated sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, artificially-sweetened sodas, fruit juices (any type), and bottled water) and to comprehensively examine behavioral, environmental, current health, and demographic correlates of consumption. A cross-sectional, nationally-representative population survey of 3430 Australian adults (18+ years) was conducted using computer-assisted telephone (mobile and landline) interviewing. Past week prevalence of pre-packaged drinks containing free sugar was 47.3%; daily prevalence was 13.6%. Of all the pre-packaged drinks assessed, consumption of fruit juices (any type) was the most prevalent (38.8%), followed by bottled water (37.4%), soda (28.9%), artificially-sweetened soda (18.1%), sports drinks (8.1%), and energy drinks (4.2%). Higher soda consumption was associated with males, younger age, socio-economic disadvantage, frequent takeaway food consumption, availability of soda in the home, obesity, and a diagnosis of heart disease or depression. A diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes was associated with increased likelihood of consuming artificially-sweetened sodas and decreased likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened soda. SSB consumption is prevalent in Australia, especially among young adults and males, foreshadowing continued population weight gain and high burdens of chronic disease. To reduce consumption, Australia must take a comprehensive approach, incorporating policy reform, effective community education, and active promotion of water.
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Al-Zalabani AH, Noor Elahi I, Katib A, Alamri AG, Halawani A, Alsindi NM, Almatrafi M, Wesselius A, Stewart KFJ. Association between soft drinks consumption and asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029046. [PMID: 31615794 PMCID: PMC6797295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To carry out meta-analysis and systematic review on the association between soft drinks consumption and asthma prevalence among adults and children. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research. DATA SOURCES Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2018. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included observational studies investigating the association between soft drinks consumption (including maternal consumption during pregnancy) and asthma or wheeze. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by one author and reviewed independently by two other authors. The most adjusted estimate from each original study was used in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects model. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. RESULTS Of 725 publications originally identified, 19 were included in this systematic review, including 3 cohort studies and 16 cross-sectional studies. Ten articles reported on children up to 18 years, 5 articles on adults (>18 years) and 2 articles on prenatal exposure. In total, 468 836 participants were included, with more than 50 000 asthma cases. Soft drinks consumption was associated with significantly increased odds of asthma in both adults (OR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.52) and children (OR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.21). Prenatal exposure had marginally statistically significant association (OR=1.11; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.23) with asthma in children. In subgroup analysis for childhood exposure, the association persists for sugar-sweetened soft drinks but not for carbonated drinks. CONCLUSION Our findings show a positive association between soft drinks consumption and asthma prevalence, mostly from cross-sectional studies. Therefore, more longitudinal research is required to establish causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim Noor Elahi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Katib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Alamri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Halawani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Alsindi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almatrafi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Taibah University, Joint Program of Community Medicine, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anke Wesselius
- NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low calorie soda beverages on the enamel of primary teeth. Study Design: Fifty enamel slabs were prepared from twenty primary extracted teeth and were equally divided into five groups: a) 0.9% NaCl (Control), b) Coca-Cola Classic (Sucrose), c) Diet Coke (Aspartame), d) Zevia Cola (Erythritol), e) Coca-Cola Life (Stevia). Each specimen was exposed to the beverage for a total of sixty minutes. Enamel surface roughness was measured before and after the exposures using a LEXT OLS4000 3D Laser Measuring Microscope. Results: All tested sodas resulted to a statistically significant change on the surface roughness of the enamel (p =.000). However, this effect did not differ significantly between the different treatment groups (p =.103). Conclusions: Both regular soda and low calorie soda containing different commercial sweeteners appear to have an effect on the surface morphology of primary tooth enamel. Thus, it is important to discourage the intake of any type of soda as part of the dietary advice provided in the dental office.
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Walkinshaw LP, Hecht C, Patel A, Podrabsky M. Training High School Student "Citizen Scientists" to Document School Water Access: A Feasibility Study. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019; 89:653-661. [PMID: 31155729 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth water consumption is inadequate. Increasing adolescent water consumption could support decreased dental caries and body mass index (BMI). Most schools are required to provide free, potable water. However, there is evidence that schools' self-reported compliance data overestimate access to water in schools. We tested the feasibility of using student citizen scientists to collect high quality observational data about water sources in schools. METHODS We trained 12 teams of high school students to use a validated photo-evidence protocol to photograph and submit data on water sources in elementary and secondary schools. We surveyed students and advisors to assess student learning, advisor burden, and project feasibility. RESULTS Students submitted data for 325 water sources across 40 racially and economically diverse schools. We were able to use 99% of the student-submitted photographs to measure water source wear, cleanliness, accessibility, and flow. The majority of students (72%, N = 70) spent under 2 hours photographing each school. The majority of students and advisors felt the project was valuable and feasible. CONCLUSIONS High school students can use a photographic method to collect data for analysis, and understand access to water in schools. This is a feasible, scalable, cost-effective method to gather valid water source data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Pinero Walkinshaw
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Christina Hecht
- Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2115 Milvia Street, 3rd Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704
| | - Anisha Patel
- Pediatrics; Faculty, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, 265 Welch Rd. MSOB X240, Mailcode 5459, Stanford, San Francisco, CA 94305-5459
| | - Mary Podrabsky
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Raitt Hall, Box 353410, Seattle, WA 98105
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Assessment of Problematic Eating Behaviour and Dental Caries in Children. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/bjdm-2019-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Background/Aim: Eating behaviour in children has wide range from anorexia, to selective eating, fussy eater, neophobic/pouching of food & slow eating. Eating behaviour in childhood has been implicated in the development of dental caries and further affecting the body mass index of the child. The aim was to assess the Problematic Eating Behaviour (PEB) and its association with dental caries status of the child.
Material and Methods: Parents of 150 children between 3-8 years of age were divided into 2 groups, Group A (3-5 years) and Group B (6-8 years). The parents completed the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) & the child’s dental caries status was recorded. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using unpaired t test & Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.
Results: The results showed that the dental caries status was significantly higher in younger age group (3-5 years) than older age group (6-8 years). Further evaluating the PEB using CEBQ, there was no significant relation found between PEB and dental caries in younger age group of children (3-5 years), but in the older age group (6-8 years) the Factor 4 Desire to Drink (p=0,274) and Factor 5 Satiety Responsiveness (p=0,291) were significantly associated to the dental caries.
Conclusions: Eating behaviour can contribute to the development of caries and this has been successfully studied with the use of CEBQ in the present study.
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Miller CL, Dono J, Wakefield MA, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, Durkin SJ, Wittert G, Martin J, Ettridge KA. Are Australians ready for warning labels, marketing bans and sugary drink taxes? Two cross-sectional surveys measuring support for policy responses to sugar-sweetened beverages. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027962. [PMID: 31248926 PMCID: PMC6597645 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess public support for 10 potential policy initiatives to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. DESIGN A 2014 historical data set, which employed a face-to-face survey in one Australian state (study 1), provided the basis for comparison with our 2017 nationally representative, cross-sectional, computer-assisted telephone interviewing population survey (study 2). PARTICIPANTS Study 1: South Australians, 15+ years (n=2732); study 2: Australians, 18+ years (n=3430). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES levels of support for SSB-specific policy initiatives. For the 2017 national study (study 2), demographic characteristics, body mass index, knowledge of potential harms caused by consuming SSBs and SSB consumption were included in multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS In 2017, all 10 potential policy initiatives received majority support (60%-88% either 'somewhat' or 'strongly' in favour). Initiatives with educative elements or focused on children received high support (>70%), with highest support observed for text warning labels on drink containers (88%) and government campaigns warning of adverse health effects (87%). Higher support was observed for SSB tax paired with using funds for obesity prevention (77%) than a stand-alone tax (60%). Support for policy initiatives was generally greater among those who believed SSB daily consumption could cause health problems in adults (4%-18% absolute difference) and/or in children (8%-26% absolute difference) and lower among SSB high consumers (7+ drinks per week; 9%-29% absolute difference). State-specific data comparison indicated increased support from 2014 to 2017 for taxation (42%vs55%; χ2=15.7, p<0.001) and graphic health warnings (52%vs68%; χ2=23.4. p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is strong public support for government action, particularly regulatory and educational interventions, to reduce SSB consumption, which appears to have increased since 2014. The findings suggest that framing policies as protecting children, presenting taxation of SSBs in conjunction with other obesity prevention initiatives and education focused on the harms associated with SSB consumption will increase support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Miller
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie A Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Coveney
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah J Durkin
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Wittert
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and GI Diseases, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jane Martin
- Obesity Policy Coalition and Alcohol and Obesity Policy, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry A Ettridge
- Health Policy Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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37
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Miller C, Braunack‐Mayer A, Wakefield M, Roder D, O'Dea K, Dono J, Ettridge K. “
When we were young, it really was a treat; now sugar is just the norm every day
”
—
A qualitative study of parents’ and young adults’ perceptions and consumption of sugary drinks. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:47-57. [DOI: 10.1002/hpja.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Miller
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteHealth Policy Centre Adelaide SA Australia
- University of AdelaideSchool of Public Health Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Annette Braunack‐Mayer
- University of AdelaideSchool of Public Health Adelaide SA Australia
- University of WollongongSchool of Health & Society Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Cancer Council VictoriaCentre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Melbourne Vic. Australia
- School of Psychological SciencesThe University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - David Roder
- University of South AustraliaCancer Epidemiology and Population Health Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Kerin O'Dea
- University of South AustraliaCentre for Population Health Research Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteHealth Policy Centre Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Kerry Ettridge
- South Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteHealth Policy Centre Adelaide SA Australia
- University of AdelaideSchool of Psychology Adelaide SA Australia
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Haque M, Sartelli M, Haque SZ. Dental Infection and Resistance-Global Health Consequences. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010022. [PMID: 30823670 PMCID: PMC6473604 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used in dental caries and another dental related issues, both for therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. Unfortunately, in recent years the use of antibiotics has been accompanied by the rapid emergence antimicrobial resistance. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are historically known as the top oral health burden in both developing and developed nations affecting around 20⁻50% of the population of this planet and the uppermost reason for tooth loss. Dental surgeons and family practitioners frequently prescribed antimicrobials for their patients as outpatient care. Several studies reported that antibiotics are often irrationally- and overprescribed in dental diseases which is the basis of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of antibiotics in dental diseases. Almost certainly the promotion of primary oral health care (POHC) in primary health care program especially among the least and middle-income countries (LMIC) may be the answer to ensure and promote rational dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, via Santa Lucia 2, 62100 Macerata, Italy.
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Abbass MMS, Mahmoud SA, El Moshy S, Rady D, AbuBakr N, Radwan IA, Ahmed A, Abdou A, Al Jawaldeh A. The prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescences and its association with age, socioeconomic status, dietary habits and other risk factors. A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2019; 8:8. [PMID: 30854195 PMCID: PMC6396843 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17047.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is a chronic, multifactorial disease, with limited data available for the Egyptian population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of dental caries among Egyptian children and adolescents in correlation with age, gender, body mass index, socioeconomic status, parental education, biological risk factors and dietary habits. Methods: A total number of 369 Egyptian children and adolescents (age ranges from 3-18 years) were examined over the period from 15
th November 2017 to 13
th January 2018. Socio-demographic data, oral hygiene measures and dietary habits for children were recorded. Dental status was analyzed using decayed, missing and filled tooth index (dmft) for deciduous dentition and (DMFT) index for permanent dentition. For mixed dentition (deft) index was used, d (decayed tooth indicated for filling), e (decayed tooth indicated for extraction) and f (filled tooth). Results: 74% of the children had dental caries with mean dmft: 3.23±4.07; deft: 4.21±3.21; DMFT: 1.04±1.56. In primary dentition, dmft of the children was positively correlated with age, beans, candies, crackers, chocolates and inversely correlated with gender, socio-economic status (SES), parental education, brushing frequency of the parent, brushing frequency of the parent to the child teeth, brushing frequency of the child and consumption of eggs, fruits/vegetables, milk and milk products. In mixed dentition, deft was positively correlated with candies, crackers, citric juices, while negatively correlated with age, SES, parental education, brushing frequency of the parent to the child, brushing frequency of the child, fruits/vegetables. In permanent dentition, DMFT in children was positively correlated with age and chocolates while not correlated with any of the remaining risk factors. Conclusion: The present study clarifies the significant risk factors associated with dental caries amongst Egyptian children. This will help in planning strategies to prevent and treat such disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M S Abbass
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Sara Ahmed Mahmoud
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Nermeen AbuBakr
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt
| | - Attera Ahmed
- Independent Researcher, Limerick, County Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry,, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.,Cariology and Operative Department, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- Nutrition unit, World Health Organization Office for Eastern Mediterranean region , Cairo, Egypt
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40
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Dagalp R, Aka SP, Aydintug I, Iper D. Statistical Evaluation of Anthropometric Measures and Oral Health Status in Terms of Diet, Smoking and Brushing Habits. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Alhabdan YA, Albeshr AG, Yenugadhati N, Jradi H. Prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among primary school children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:60. [PMID: 30497366 PMCID: PMC6267843 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a preventable childhood disease, but public health efforts are hampered due to limited information on associated factors in vulnerable populations. Our study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of dental caries and identifying key associated factors in four major risk domains, including socioeconomic factors, child oral health behavior and practices, child feeding practices, and dietary habits among primary school children in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit 578 male Saudi primary school children, aged 6–8 years, from 12 primary schools in five different regions of Riyadh. Children were clinically screened to detect carious lesions in primary teeth according to World Health Organization’s criteria. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on social and individual factors from the parents. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of associated factors for dental caries were computed using logistic regression models; key factors were identified by systematic selection process that accounted for multicollinearity and bias correction. Results Dental caries was prevalent among children (83%, 95% confidence interval 79.7–86.0%). Individual factors, including irregular brushing, late adoption of brushing habit, consulting dentist for symptomatic treatment, lack of breast feeding, sleeping with a bottle in mouth, habit of snacking between meals, low consumption of fruits, and frequent consumption of soft drinks and flavored milk, were predominantly associated with dental caries in children, instead of socioeconomic factors (p < 0.05, adjusted R-square 80%). Conclusion Dental caries were prevalent in school children, and individual factors were predominantly associated with the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12199-018-0750-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Abdullah Alhabdan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhameed Ghassan Albeshr
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hoda Jradi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Mail Code 2350, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Ambakederemo TE, Chikezie EU. Assessment of some traditional cardiovascular risk factors in medical doctors in Southern Nigeria. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2018; 14:299-309. [PMID: 30498356 PMCID: PMC6207391 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s176361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Almost one third of deaths globally are caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Certain occupations may promote the development and worsening of risk factor for CVDs. We assessed some traditional cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle choices that may predispose to CVDs in medical doctors in a tertiary health facility in Southern Nigeria. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS One hundred sixty-nine apparently healthy medical doctors were recruited. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to gather data on CVD risk factors. Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken. RESULTS Majority were males (68.0%), aged 20-39 years (43.8%), single (62.7%), and house officers (58.0%) with<1 year (48.5%) work experience. Over half were either overweight or obese. While 77.2% of those not centrally obese were males, only about 22.8% of females did not meet the criteria for central obesity (P-value < 0.05). While respondents had BP in prehypertensive (48.2%), stage 1 (18.5%), or stage 2 hypertension (3.6%) ranges, only 7.7% had a previous diagnosis of hypertension. Only 25.4% took fruits on a daily basis and engaged in aerobic exercises up to 30 minutes daily or at least 3-5 times a week. Other poor lifestyle choices included non-lean meat intake (76.8%), low water intake (88.2%), and junk food and soda drinks intake (daily 28%, weekly 51.2%). CONCLUSION Findings of a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and junk food intake and low fruits intake among doctors is worrisome. There is a need to educate doctors on adopting healthier lifestyles to reduce risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eze Uzoechi Chikezie
- Department of Mental Health, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa, Nigeria
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43
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Deng Y, Feng G, Hu B, Kuang Y, Song J. Effects of Papacarie on children with dental caries in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:361-372. [PMID: 29682851 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries in primary teeth hinder the child to bite and chew and influence their development. Papacarie has the characteristics of selective removal of decayed tissue and can preserve healthy dentine to the maximum, but its efficiency has not been critically evaluated compared to conventional method. AIM This review is aiming at comparing the Papacarie and traditional method in caries removal in primary dental caries with children. DESIGN Comprehensive literature searching at PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science to January 2018. RESULTS Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four prospective controlled clinical trials (CCTs) were included. The microbiota in caries dentine was significantly reduced using the Papacarie treatment (MD = 0.57, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.09, P = 0.03), and the anxiety feeling declined more in the Papacarie group (MD = -1.01, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.30, P < 0.005). There was a greater 200.79 (MD = 200.79, 95%CI 152.50 to 249.09, P < 0.00001) increase in time taken for the Papacarie treatment compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSION Papacarie exerts a positive effect in reducing the bacteria and decreases the pain during caries removal in primary teeth although it costed a longer treatment time compared with the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ge Feng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunchun Kuang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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44
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Kim JA, Choi HM, Seo Y, Kang DR. Relations among obesity, family socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors, and dental caries in adolescents: the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 29929557 PMCID: PMC6013944 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among obesity, family socioeconomic status, oral health behaviors, and dental caries and to identify possible differences in factors related with dental caries according to gender among a representative sample of Korean adolescents. Methods Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted between 2010 and 2012. This nationally representative cross-sectional survey included approximately 10,000 individuals, including adolescents, each year as a survey sample, and collected information on socioeconomic status, health-related behaviors, quality of life, healthcare utilization, anthropometric measures, biochemical and clinical profiles for non-communicable diseases, and dietary intake via three component surveys (health interview, health examination, and nutrition survey). The health interview and health examination were conducted by trained staff members. A total of 1646 adolescents of ages 13 to 18 years old were included in this study; there were 879 males and 767 females. Data were analyzed by t-test, X2-test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using SAS 9.4 and ‘R’ statistical software for Windows to account for the complex sampling design. Results In males, significant associations between family income and dental caries on permanent teeth were noted after adjusting for confounding variables; the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals thereof were 0.43(0.24–0.76), 0.41(0.24–0.70), and 0.28(0.16–0.49) for low-middle, middle-high, and high family income, respectively. Smoking experience showed a significant association with dental caries on permanent teeth in females. Oral health behaviors, such as tooth brushing frequency, were associated with dental caries in only male adolescents. There was no association between obesity and dental caries on permanent teeth in either male or female adolescents. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that factors associated with dental caries in adolescents differ according to gender. Therefore, gender-specific interventions may be warranted to improve dental health among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yunhee Seo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Center of Biomedical Data Science / Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, Korea.
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Kotha SB, AlFaraj NSM, Ramdan TH, Alsalam MA, Al Ameer MJ, Almuzin ZM. Associations between Diet, Dietary and Oral Hygiene Habits with Caries Occurrence and Severity in Children with Autism at Dammam City, Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1104-1110. [PMID: 29983812 PMCID: PMC6026442 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The purpose of the study is to achieve the baseline information of the autistic child’s oral health status about the diet, dietary and hygiene habits. The association of these factors with dental caries were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The survey was composed of self-administered questionnaires to parents about their children’s’ demographic data followed by questions related to diet, dietary and hygiene habits. This is later followed by oral examination for estimating the decayed, missing and filled [dmft] scores as per WHO norms. The variables are analysed using t-tests and ANOVA. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for each of the independent variables to examine for autocorrelation. RESULTS: The mean age for the present study is 5.8 years with more predilections of caries in females. The autistic children prefer soft diet and pouch it in oral cavity resulting in increased caries though not significant. Other foods like nuts and pulses confectioneries and soft drinks resulted in increased caries, and our study shows significant relation. Consumption of sugars between meals and increased quantity of sugar per day also increased dental caries with highly significant results in our study. Hygiene habits also made a difference in the occurrence of caries though, in our study, it’s not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the oral health education programs should be conducted for the parents, caregivers and the teachers about the diet, dietary and the hygiene habits and the role they play in maintaining the oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Babu Kotha
- Pediatric Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University (REU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Lloyd JD, Nakamura WS, Maeda Y, Takeda T, Leesungbok R, Lazarchik D, Dorney B, Gonda T, Nakajima K, Yasui T, Iwata Y, Suzuki H, Tsukimura N, Churei H, Kwon KR, Choy MM, Rock JB. Mouthguards and their use in sports: Report of the 1st International Sports Dentistry Workshop, 2016. Dent Traumatol 2017; 33:421-426. [DOI: 10.1111/edt.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomotaka Takeda
- Tokyo Dental College Department of Oral Health & Clinical Science Division of Sports Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | | | | | - Brett Dorney
- Faculty of Dentistry; Sydney University; Sydney Australia
| | - Tomoya Gonda
- Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry; Osaka Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Tokyo Dental College Department of Oral Health & Clinical Science Division of Sports Dentistry; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Iwata
- Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo; Chiba Japan
| | | | | | - Kung-Rock Kwon
- Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry; Seoul South Korea
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Effects of Cola-Flavored Beverages and Caffeine on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation and Metabolic Activity. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017. [PMID: 28650789 DOI: 10.17796/1053-4628-41.4.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of cola-flavored beverages and caffeine on growth and metabolism of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. This study was designed to determine if carbonated beverages or caffeine can increase S. mutans growth and biofilm formation and metabolic activity in vitro, potentially leading to increased S. mutans-associated cariogenicity in children that consume them. STUDY DESIGN Six different cola-flavored products, plus pure caffeine, and pure high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), at different concentrations similar to those in the beverages were tested. A 16-hour culture of S. mutans was treated with different dilutions in bacteriological media. To test for the effect on biofilm formation, the biofilm was stained with crystal violet. The absorbance was determined to evaluate biofilm growth. Biofilm metabolic activity was measured based on biofilm having the ability to reduce XTT to a water-soluble orange compound. RESULTS The inclusion of HFCS in the beverages, as well as pure HFCS, significantly enhanced bacterial biofilm formation and metabolic activity. Pure caffeine and the presence of caffeine in beverages did not significantly increase biofilm formation, but pure caffeine significantly increased metabolism, and Diet Coke had significantly greater metabolic activity than Caffeine-Free Diet Coke. CONCLUSIONS HFCS increases both the biofilm formation and metabolism of S. mutans, and caffeine in some cases increases metabolism of S. mutans.
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48
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Rozier RG, White BA, Slade GD. Trends in Oral Diseases in the U.S. Population. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:eS97-eS109. [PMID: 28765461 DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews trends in dental caries, periodontal disease, and tooth loss for the United States along with population dynamics and risk factors that might influence these trends going forward. Dental caries experience remains high in the primary dentition. Caries severity in permanent teeth of children has declined to historically low levels, and long-standing inequalities in untreated caries appear to be narrowing. Declines in caries severity of children's permanent teeth have stabilized at a low level, but likely will contribute to future reductions in dental caries severity in adults. The prevalence of periodontal disease is high in adults, and only a small percentage have severe forms of the disease. Countervailing trends in determinants would suggest little change in the prevalence of periodontal disease in the future, but the lack of an obvious trend over the last two decades makes projections uncertain. Tooth loss as a consequence of dental disease has declined markedly over the last half century and has been all but eliminated in high-income groups. However, notable exceptions to these favorable trends are evident. Progress in prevention policies and programs that affect disease experience appears slower than progress in meeting population-level caries treatment needs. Clearly, long-standing inequities related to political and social determinants remain for all dental diseases, and income disparities in dental disease are widening for some indicators. Growing inequalities raise ethical and public health concerns that should be prominent in discussions of dental workforce needs and strategies for the next 25 years. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gary Rozier
- Dr. Rozier is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. White is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Dr. Slade is with the Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
| | - B Alexander White
- Dr. Rozier is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. White is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Dr. Slade is with the Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Gary D Slade
- Dr. Rozier is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Dr. White is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; and Dr. Slade is with the Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Social inequalities in children's oral health-related quality of life: the Generation R Study. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:3429-3437. [PMID: 28822055 PMCID: PMC5681972 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is the most important patient-reported outcome measure in oral health research. The purpose of the present research was to study the association of family socioeconomic position (SEP) with children’s OHRQoL. Methods This cross-sectional study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based cohort study conducted in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. For the present study, OHRQoL was assessed of 3871 ten-year old children. Family SEP was assessed with the following indicators: maternal/paternal education level, maternal/paternal employment status, household income, benefit dependency, and family composition. Linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the (independent) associations of family SEP indicators with OHRQoL. Results The median (90% range) OHRQoL score of the participating children was relatively high [50.0 (43.0–53.0)]; however, OHRQoL was consistently lower in children with low family SEP. Positive associations were found for all SEP indicators (p-values <0.05) except maternal employment status and family composition. Benefit dependency, paternal employment, and household income were the most strongly associated with OHRQoL. No family SEP indicator was significantly associated with OHRQoL independent of the other indicators. Conclusions Based on the present findings, interventions and policies promoting good oral health and oral well-being should target children from low socioeconomic position. More research is needed, however, to understand the pathways of social inequalities in children’s OHRQoL especially for the effects of material resources on subjective oral health measures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1679-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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The school environment and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Guatemalan adolescents. Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:2980-2987. [PMID: 28803573 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study sought to examine Guatemalan adolescents' consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), identify which individual-level characteristics are associated with SSB consumption and describe school characteristics that may influence students' SSB consumption. DESIGN Within this observational pilot study, a questionnaire was used to assess students' consumption of three varieties of SSB (soft drinks, energy drinks, sweetened coffees/teas), as well as a variety of sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics. We collected built environment data to examine aspects of the school food environment. We developed Poisson regression models for each SSB variety and used descriptive analyses to characterize the sample. SETTING Guatemala City, Guatemala. SUBJECTS Guatemalan adolescents (n 1042) from four (two public, two private) secondary schools. RESULTS Built environment data revealed that students from the two public schools lacked access to water fountains/coolers. The SSB industry had a presence in the schools through advertisements, sponsored food kiosks and products available for sale. Common correlates of SSB consumption included school type, sedentary behaviour, frequency of purchasing lunch in the cafeteria, and frequency of purchasing snacks from vending machines in school and off school property. CONCLUSIONS Guatemalan adolescents frequently consume SSB, which may be encouraged by aspects of the school environment. Schools represent a viable setting for equitable population health interventions designed to reduce SSB consumption, including increasing access to clean drinking-water, reducing access to SSB, restricting SSB marketing and greater enforcement of existing food policies.
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