1
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Herold K, Ruffin A, Chmura JC, Dellomo AJ, Ehrlich ES. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus viral FLICE inhibitory protein modulates A20 deubiquitinase activity. Access Microbiol 2024; 6:000625.v4. [PMID: 38868372 PMCID: PMC11165616 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000625.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
KSHV viral FLICE inhibitory protein (vFLIP) is a potent activator of NF-κB signalling and an inhibitor of apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of vFLIP function and NF-κB signalling promotes lytic reactivation. Here we provide evidence for a novel function of vFLIP through inhibition of the deubiquitinating (DUB) activity of the negative regulator, A20. We demonstrate direct interaction of vFLIP with Itch and A20 and provide evidence for subsequent loss of A20 DUB activity. Our results provide further insight into the function of vFLIP in the regulation of NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Herold
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Ayana Ruffin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
- Cancer Reserach Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anna J. Dellomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Elana S. Ehrlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
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2
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Yang B, Lin Y, Huang Y, Shen YQ, Chen Q. Thioredoxin (Trx): A redox target and modulator of cellular senescence and aging-related diseases. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103032. [PMID: 38232457 PMCID: PMC10827563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a compact redox-regulatory protein that modulates cellular redox state by reducing oxidized proteins. Trx exhibits dual functionality as an antioxidant and a cofactor for diverse enzymes and transcription factors, thereby exerting influence over their activity and function. Trx has emerged as a pivotal biomarker for various diseases, particularly those associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the significance of Trx in disease diagnosis, treatment, and mechanistic elucidation. Despite its paramount importance, the intricate interplay between Trx and cellular senescence-a condition characterized by irreversible growth arrest induced by multiple aging stimuli-remains inadequately understood. In this review, our objective is to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the structure and function of Trx, its involvement in redox signaling pathways and cellular senescence, its association with aging and age-related diseases, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Our review aims to elucidate the novel and extensive role of Trx in senescence while highlighting its implications for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yumeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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3
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Kang HR, Han JH, Ng YC, Ryu S, Park JY, Chung WC, Song YJ, Chen ST, Brickey WJ, Ting JPY, Song MJ. Dynamic bidirectional regulation of NLRC3 and gammaherpesviruses during viral latency in B lymphocytes. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29504. [PMID: 38445794 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
While most NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are predominately expressed by innate immune cells, NLRC3, an inhibitory NLR of immune signaling, exhibits the highest expression in lymphocytes. The role of NLRC3 or any NLRs in B lymphocytes is completely unknown. Gammaherpesviruses, including human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), establish latent infection in B lymphocytes, which requires elevated NF-κB. This study shows that during latent EBV infection of human B cells, viral-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) decreases NLRC3 transcript. LMP1-induced-NF-κB activation suppresses the promoter activity of NLRC3 via p65 binding to the promoter. Conversely, NLRC3 inhibits NF-κB activation by promoting the degradation of LMP1 in a proteasome-dependent manner. In vivo, MHV-68 infection reduces Nlrc3 transcripts in splenocytes, and Nlrc3-deficient mice show greater viral latency than controls. These results reveal a bidirectional regulatory circuit in B lymphocytes, where viral latent protein LMP1 reduces NLRC3 expression, while NLRC3 disrupts gammaherpesvirus latency, which is an important step for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Kang
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ho Han
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Ching Ng
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbo Ryu
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Park
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Kyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W June Brickey
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenny P-Y Ting
- Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Translational Immunology and the Institute of Inflammatory Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhang Y, Lyu H, Guo R, Cao X, Feng J, Jin X, Lu W, Zhao M. Epstein‒Barr virus-associated cellular immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2023:S1465-3249(23)00099-3. [PMID: 37149797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpes virus that is saliva-transmissible and universally asymptomatic. It has been confirmed that more than 90% of the population is latently infected with EBV for life. EBV can cause a variety of related cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Currently, many clinical studies have demonstrated that EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and other cell therapies can be safely and effectively transfused to prevent and treat some diseases caused by EBV. This review will mainly focus on discussing EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and will touch on therapeutic EBV vaccines and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hairong Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiting Guo
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinping Cao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Tianjin Jizhou District People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mingfeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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5
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An update on genetic aberrations in T-cell neoplasms. Pathology 2023; 55:287-301. [PMID: 36801152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
T-cell neoplasms are a highly heterogeneous group of leukaemias and lymphomas that represent 10-15% of all lymphoid neoplasms. Traditionally, our understanding of T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas has lagged behind that of B-cell neoplasms, in part due to their rarity. However, recent advances in our understanding of T-cell differentiation, based on gene expression and mutation profiling and other high throughput methods, have better elucidated the pathogenetic mechanisms of T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas. In this review, we provide an overview of many of the molecular abnormalities that occur in various types of T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. Much of this knowledge has been used to refine diagnostic criteria that has been included in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization. This knowledge is also being used to improve prognostication and identify novel therapeutic targets, and we expect this progress will continue, eventually resulting in improved outcomes for patients with T-cell leukaemias and lymphomas.
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Li T, Gao SJ. KSHV hijacks FoxO1 to promote cell proliferation and cellular transformation by antagonizing oxidative stress. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28676. [PMID: 36929740 PMCID: PMC10285692 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of a highly short-lived molecules that control diverse behaviors of cells. Normal cells maintain ROS balance to ensure their functions. Because of oncogenic stress, cancer cells often have excessive ROS, also known as oxidative stress, which are often counteracted by enhanced antioxidant systems to maintain redox homeostasis. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), which manifests hyper inflammation and oxidative stress as the hallmarks. We have previously shown that excessive ROS can disrupt KSHV latency by inducing viral lytic replication, leading to cell death. Paradoxically, most KS tumor cells are latently infected by KSHV in a highly inflammatory and oxidative stress tumor microenvironment, which is in part due to the activation of alternative complement and TLR4 pathways, indicating the existence of an enhanced antioxidant defense system in KS tumor cells. In this study, we show that KSHV upregulates antioxidant genes, including SOD2 and CAT by hijacking the forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), to maintain intracellular ROS level. Moreover, the fine-tuned balance of ROS level in KSHV-transformed cells is essential for cell survival. Consequently, KSHV-transformed cells are extremely sensitive to exogenous ROS insult such as treatment with a low level of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Either chemical inhibition or knockdown of FoxO1 by short interfering RNAs decreases the expression of antioxidant genes and subsequently increases the intracellular ROS level in KSHV-transformed cells, resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. Mechanistically, KSHV-encoded microRNAs and vFLIP upregulate FoxO1 by activating the NF-κB pathway. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which an oncogenic virus counteracts oxidative stress by upregulating FoxO1, which is essential for KSHV-induced cell proliferation and cellular transformation. Therefore, FoxO1 might be a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current address: Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Liao Y, Zhang JB, Lu LX, Jia YJ, Zheng MQ, Debelius JW, He YQ, Wang TM, Deng CM, Tong XT, Xue WQ, Cao LJ, Wu ZY, Yang DW, Zheng XH, Li XZ, Wu YX, Feng L, Ye W, Mu J, Jia WH. Oral Microbiota Alteration and Roles in Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0344822. [PMID: 36645283 PMCID: PMC9927204 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03448-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has recently emerged as a critical factor associated with multiple malignancies. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is highly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the oncovirus resides and is transmitted in the oral cavity. However, the alternation of oral microbiota in NPC patients and its potential link to EBV reactivation and host cell response under the simultaneous existence of EBV and specific bacteria is largely unknown. Here, oral microbiota profiles of 303 NPC patients and controls with detailed clinical information, including serum EBV anti-virus capsid antigen (VCA) IgA level, were conducted. A distinct microbial community with lower diversity and imbalanced composition in NPC patients was observed. Notably, among enriched bacteria in patients, Streptococcus sanguinis was associated with anti-VCA IgA, an indicator of NPC risk and EBV reactivation. By measuring the concentration of its metabolite, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in the saliva of clinical patients, we found the detection rate of H2O2 was 2-fold increased compared to healthy controls. Further coculture assay of EBV-positive Akata cells with bacteria in vitro showed that S. sanguinis induced EBV lytic activation by its metabolite, H2O2. Host and EBV whole genome-wide transcriptome sequencing and EBV methylation assays showed that H2O2 triggered the host cell signaling pathways, notably tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) via NF-κB, and induced the demethylation of the global EBV genome and the expression of EBV lytic-associated genes, which could result in an increase of virus particle release and potential favorable events toward tumorigenesis. In brief, our study identified a characterized oral microbial profile in NPC patients and established a robust link between specific oral microbial alteration and switch of latency to lytic EBV infection status in the oral cavity, which provides novel insights into EBV's productive cycle and might help to further clarify the etiology of NPC. IMPORTANCE EBV is classified as the group I human carcinogen and is associated with multiple cancers, including NPC. The interplays between the microbiota and oncovirus in cancer development remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigate the interactions between resident microbes and EBV coexistence in the oral cavity of NPC patients. We identify a distinct oral microbial feature for NPC patients. Among NPC-enriched bacteria, we illustrated that a specific species, S. sanguinis, associated with elevated anti-IgA VCA in patients, induced EBV lytic activation by its by-product, H2O2, and activated the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway of EBV-positive B cells in vitro, together with increased detection rate of H2O2 in patients' oral cavities, which strengthened the evidence of bacteria-virus-host interaction in physiological circumstances. The effects of imbalanced microbiota on the EBV latent-to-lytic switch in the oral cavity might create the likelihood of EBV infection in epithelial cells at the nasopharynx and help malignant transition and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xia Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Jing Jia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qi Zheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Justine W. Debelius
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong-Qiao He
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Min Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Mi Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia-Ting Tong
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Jing Cao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianbing Mu
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Li Y, Xu H, Tan X, Cui Q, Gu W, Pan Z, Yang L, Wu S, Wang X, Li D. Parthenolide inhibits proliferation of cells infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Arch Virol 2023; 168:39. [PMID: 36609933 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The disease caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is one of the major causes of death of individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Development of anti-KSHV drugs is thus crucial. In this study, we investigated the effect of parthenolide (PTL) on the proliferation and NF-κB signaling pathway of KSHV-infected cells. iSLK.219 and KSHV-infected SH-SY5Y cells (SK-RG) were treated with PTL, TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR was used to determine the number of copies of the KSHV genome, and mRNA and protein expression of KSHV genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. A cell viability test was used to measure cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of the drug on the cell cycle. Cyclin D1, CDK6, CDK4, and NF-κB-related proteins, including IKKβ, P-p65, and P-IKB-α, were detected by Western blot. The results showed that PTL altered the morphology of the cells, reduced the KSHV copy number, and suppressed the production of ORF50, K8.1, and v-GPCR mRNA and the LANA, ORF50, and K8.1 proteins. It blocked the G1 phase in iSLK.219 cells and decreased the levels of cyclin D1, CDK6, and CDK4 as well as the levels of NF-κB signaling proteins, including IKKβ, P-p65, and P-IKB-α. Together, these results suggest that PTL is a candidate drug that can decrease KSHV pathogenicity by suppressing cell proliferation and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in KSHV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland (UQ), Corner College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zemin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases/NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
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9
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Münz C. Immune checkpoints in T cells during oncogenic γ-herpesvirus infections. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e27840. [PMID: 35524342 PMCID: PMC9790391 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two persistent oncogenic γ-herpesviruses with an exclusive tropism for humans. They cause cancers of lymphocyte, epithelial and endothelial cell origin, such as Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Mutations in immune-related genes but also adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients have revealed molecular requirements for immune control of EBV and KSHV. These include costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors on T cells that are currently explored or already therapeutically targeted in tumor patients. This review discusses these co-receptors and their influence on EBV- and KSHV-associated diseases. The respective studies reveal surprising specificities of some of these receptors for immunity to these tumor viruses, benefits of their blockade for some but not other virus-associated diseases, and that EBV- and KSHV-specific immune control should be monitored during immune checkpoint inhibition to prevent adverse events that might be associated with their reactivation during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology Department, Institute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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10
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Co-Infection of the Epstein-Barr Virus and the Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122709. [PMID: 36560713 PMCID: PMC9782805 DOI: 10.3390/v14122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The two human tumor viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), have been mostly studied in isolation. Recent studies suggest that co-infection with both viruses as observed in one of their associated malignancies, namely primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), might also be required for KSHV persistence. In this review, we discuss how EBV and KSHV might support each other for persistence and lymphomagenesis. Moreover, we summarize what is known about their innate and adaptive immune control which both seem to be required to ensure asymptomatic persistent co-infection with these two human tumor viruses. A better understanding of this immune control might allow us to prepare for vaccination against EBV and KSHV in the future.
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11
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Wen KW, Wang L, Menke JR, Damania B. Cancers associated with human gammaherpesviruses. FEBS J 2022; 289:7631-7669. [PMID: 34536980 PMCID: PMC9019786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4; HHV-4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8; HHV-8) are human gammaherpesviruses that have oncogenic properties. EBV is a lymphocryptovirus, whereas HHV-8/KSHV is a rhadinovirus. As lymphotropic viruses, EBV and KSHV are associated with several lymphoproliferative diseases or plasmacytic/plasmablastic neoplasms. Interestingly, these viruses can also infect epithelial cells causing carcinomas and, in the case of KSHV, endothelial cells, causing sarcoma. EBV is associated with Burkitt lymphoma, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, plasmablastic lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, leiomyosarcoma, and subsets of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and gastric carcinoma. KSHV is implicated in Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, multicentric Castleman disease, and KSHV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathogenesis by these two herpesviruses is intrinsically linked to viral proteins expressed during the lytic and latent lifecycles. This comprehensive review intends to provide an overview of the EBV and KSHV viral cycles, viral proteins that contribute to oncogenesis, and the current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinicopathology of their related neoplastic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwun Wah Wen
- Department of Pathology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Joshua R. Menke
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology & Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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12
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Mukherjee R, Ramachandranpillai R, Nair SS, Choudhuri T. Nm23-H1 induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling through interaction with oncogenic latent protein vFLIP K13 of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:967-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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13
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Human Gammaherpesvirus 8 Oncogenes Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137203. [PMID: 35806208 PMCID: PMC9266852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), contains oncogenes and proteins that modulate various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, and is integral to KSHV infection and oncogenicity. In this review, we describe the most important KSHV genes [ORF 73 (LANA), ORF 72 (vCyclin), ORF 71 or ORFK13 (vFLIP), ORF 74 (vGPCR), ORF 16 (vBcl-2), ORF K2 (vIL-6), ORF K9 (vIRF 1)/ORF K10.5, ORF K10.6 (vIRF 3), ORF K1 (K1), ORF K15 (K15), and ORF 36 (vPK)] that have the potential to induce malignant phenotypic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma. These oncogenes can be explored in prospective studies as future therapeutic targets of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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14
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Zhang L, Shao G, Shao J, Zhao J. PRMT5-activated c-Myc promote bladder cancer proliferation and invasion through up-regulating NF-κB pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101788. [PMID: 35339800 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM PRMT5 and c-Myc were considered as oncogene of bladder cancer. Nevertheless, whether the interaction between of PRMT5 and c-Myc affect bladder cancer progress is unknown. Herein, we explore the above points and discuss deeply its' potential mechanism. METHOD 5637 and T24 cells were study subjects in vitro. Western blot was used to examined the protein expression. CCK8 and transwell assay were used to analyze proliferation and invasion ability. Additionally, xenograft tumor model was established. Mice imaging experiment, Immunochemistry assay and western blot were carried out. RESULT Western blot result showed successful transfection of PRMT5-siRNA and c-Myc-siRNA. PRMT5-siRNA could inhibit c-Myc expression, and decrease the proliferation and invasion of bladder cells. And c-Myc overexpression could reverse inhibitory action caused by PRMT5 silence. And in vitro studies found low-expression of c-Myc reduced proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and make the NF-κB pathway inactivation. In vivo studies also demonstrated that inhibiting PRMT5 could downregulate c-Myc expression and inhibit the bladder cancer progress, and the potential mechanism was likely to be related to NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION In a word, low-expression of PRMT5 suppressed c-Myc, and thus inhibited proliferation and invasion ability of 5637 and T24 cells through NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guangfeng Shao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jianhui Shao
- Spine Surgery, Weifang City People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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15
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Cieniewicz B, Kirillov V, Daher I, Li X, Oldenburg DG, Dong Q, Bettke JA, Marcu KB, Krug LT. IKKα-Mediated Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Is Required To Support Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Latency In Vivo. J Virol 2022; 96:e0002722. [PMID: 35481781 PMCID: PMC9131860 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00027-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncanonical NF-κB signaling is activated in B cells via the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily members CD40, lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), and B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). The noncanonical pathway is required at multiple stages of B cell maturation and differentiation, including the germinal center reaction. However, the role of this pathway in gammaherpesvirus latency is not well understood. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a genetically tractable system used to define pathogenic determinants. Mice lacking the BAFF-R exhibit defects in splenic follicle formation and are greatly reduced for MHV68 latency. We report a novel approach to disrupt noncanonical NF-κB signaling exclusively in cells infected with MHV68. We engineered a recombinant virus that expresses a dominant negative form of IκB kinase α (IKKα), named IKKα-SA, with S176A and S180A mutations that prevent phosphorylation by NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). We controlled for the transgene insertion by introducing two all-frame stop codons into the IKKα-SA gene. The IKKα-SA mutant but not the IKKα-SA.STOP control virus impaired LTβR-mediated activation of NF-κB p52 upon fibroblast infection. IKKα-SA expression did not impact replication in primary fibroblasts or in the lungs of mice following intranasal inoculation. However, the IKKα-SA mutant was severely defective in the colonization of the spleen and in the establishment of latency compared to the IKKα-SA.STOP control and wild-type (WT) MHV68 at 16 days postinfection (dpi). Reactivation was undetectable in splenocytes infected with the IKKα-SA mutant, but reactivation in peritoneal cells was not impacted by IKKα-SA. Taken together, the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway is essential for the establishment of latency in the secondary lymphoid organs of mice infected with the murine gammaherpesvirus pathogen MHV68. IMPORTANCE The latency programs of the human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are associated with B cell lymphomas. It is critical to understand the signaling pathways that are used by gammaherpesviruses to establish and maintain latency in primary B cells. We used a novel approach to block noncanonical NF-κB signaling only in the infected cells of mice. We generated a recombinant virus that expresses a dominant negative mutant of IKKα that is nonresponsive to upstream activation. Latency was reduced in a route- and cell type-dependent manner in mice infected with this recombinant virus. These findings identify a significant role for the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway that might provide a novel target to prevent latent infection of B cells with oncogenic gammaherpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Cieniewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Varvara Kirillov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Isabel Daher
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofan Li
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Qiwen Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Julie A. Bettke
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Marcu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Laurie T. Krug
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Müller Coan BG, Cesarman E, Acencio ML, Elgui de Oliveira D. Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) from Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Strains M81 and B95.8 Modulate miRNA Expression When Expressed in Immortalized Human Nasopharyngeal Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:353. [PMID: 35205397 PMCID: PMC8871543 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ herpesvirus strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and the viral oncogenicity in part relies on cellular effects of the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). It was previously described that EBV strains B95.8 and M81 differ in cell tropism and the activation of the lytic cycle. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether LMP1 from these strains have different effects when expressed in nasopharyngeal cells. Thus, herein we evaluated the effects of EBV LMP1 derived from viral strains B95.8 and M81 and expressed in immortalized nasopharyngeal cells NP69SV40T in the regulation of 91 selected cellular miRNAs. We found that cells expressing either LMP1 behave similarly in terms of NF-kB activation and cell migration. Nonetheless, the miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p were expressed at higher levels in cells expressing LMP1 B95.8 compared to M81. Additionally, results generated by in silico pathway enrichment analysis indicated that LMP1 M81 distinctly regulate genes involved in cell cycle (i.e., RB1), mRNA processing (i.e., NUP50), and mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., ATF2). In conclusion, LMP1 M81 was found to distinctively regulate miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p, and the in silico analysis provided valuable clues to dissect the molecular effects of EBV LMP1 expressed in nasopharyngeal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara G. Müller Coan
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, L-4367 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
- ViriCan, Institute for Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18607-440, Brazil
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17
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Zhou C, Zheng J, Fan Y, Wu J. TI: NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in CNS Trauma: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821225. [PMID: 35186932 PMCID: PMC8847380 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. TBI and SCI have similar pathophysiological mechanisms and are often accompanied by serious inflammatory responses. Pyroptosis, an inflammation-dependent programmed cell death, is becoming a major problem in CNS post-traumatic injury. Notably, the pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key protein in the pyroptosis signaling pathway. Therefore, underlying mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of CNS trauma has attracted much attention. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis signaling pathway, including its prime and activation. Moreover, the dynamic expression pattern, and roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in CNS post-traumatic injury are summarized. The therapeutic applications of NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibitors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junsong Wu,
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18
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Ding X, Kambara H, Guo R, Kanneganti A, Acosta-Zaldívar M, Li J, Liu F, Bei T, Qi W, Xie X, Han W, Liu N, Zhang C, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhao L, Ma F, Köhler JR, Luo HR. Inflammasome-mediated GSDMD activation facilitates escape of Candida albicans from macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6699. [PMID: 34795266 PMCID: PMC8602704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27034-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal sepsis. Inhibition of inflammasome activity confers resistance to polymicrobial and LPS-induced sepsis; however, inflammasome signaling appears to protect against C. albicans infection, so inflammasome inhibitors are not clinically useful for candidiasis. Here we show disruption of GSDMD, a known inflammasome target and key pyroptotic cell death mediator, paradoxically alleviates candidiasis, improving outcomes and survival of Candida-infected mice. Mechanistically, C. albicans hijacked the canonical inflammasome-GSDMD axis-mediated pyroptosis to promote their escape from macrophages, deploying hyphae and candidalysin, a pore-forming toxin expressed by hyphae. GSDMD inhibition alleviated candidiasis by preventing C. albicans escape from macrophages while maintaining inflammasome-dependent but GSDMD-independent IL-1β production for anti-fungal host defenses. This study demonstrates key functions for GSDMD in Candida's escape from host immunity in vitro and in vivo and suggests that GSDMD may be a potential therapeutic target in C. albicans-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Ding
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hiroto Kambara
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Rongxia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Apurva Kanneganti
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maikel Acosta-Zaldívar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiajia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Ting Bei
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wanjun Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenli Han
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ningning Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cunling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo Yu
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 1400 VFW Parkway West Roxbury, Boston, MA, 02132, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key laboratory for prevention and control of hematological disease treatment related infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 288 Nanjing Road, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Julia R Köhler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Enders Research Building, Room 814, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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19
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Zhu QY, Zhao GX, Li Y, Talakatta G, Mai HQ, Le QT, Young LS, Zeng MS. Advances in pathogenesis and precision medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:175-206. [PMID: 34766141 PMCID: PMC8491203 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous carcinoma with apparent geographical and racial distribution, mostly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, particularly concentrated in southern China. The epidemiological trend over the past decades has suggested a substantial reduction in the incidence rate and mortality rate due to NPC. These results may reflect changes in lifestyle and environment, and more importantly, a deeper comprehension of the pathogenic mechanism of NPC, leading to much progress in the preventing, screening, and treating for this cancer. Herein, we present the recent advances on the key signal pathways involved in pathogenesis of NPC, the mechanism of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) entry into the cell, and the progress of EBV vaccine and screening biomarkers. We will also discuss in depth the development of various therapeutic approaches including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. These research advancements have led to a new era of precision medicine in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Ge-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Girish Talakatta
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford California
| | - Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
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20
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Naimo E, Zischke J, Schulz TF. Recent Advances in Developing Treatments of Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus-Related Diseases. Viruses 2021; 13:1797. [PMID: 34578378 PMCID: PMC8473310 DOI: 10.3390/v13091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the causative agent of several malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Active KSHV replication has also been associated with a pathological condition called KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS), and KSHV may play a role in rare cases of post-transplant polyclonal lymphoproliferative disorders. Several commonly used herpesviral DNA polymerase inhibitors are active against KSHV in tissue culture. Unfortunately, they are not always efficacious against KSHV-induced diseases. To improve the outcome for the patients, new therapeutics need to be developed, including treatment strategies that target either viral proteins or cellular pathways involved in tumor growth and/or supporting the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize the most commonly established treatments against KSHV-related diseases and review recent developments and promising new compounds that are currently under investigation or on the way to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Naimo
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Zischke
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (E.N.); (J.Z.)
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence 2155 RESIST, Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Kellogg C, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Implications of viral infection in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188622. [PMID: 34478803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first human oncogenic virus in 1964, viruses have been studied for their potential role in aiding the development of cancer. Through the modulation of cellular pathways associated with proliferation, immortalization, and inflammation, viral proteins can mimic the effect of driver mutations and contribute to transformation. Aside from the modulation of signaling pathways, the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome and the deregulation of cellular miRNAs represent two additional mechanisms implicated in viral oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of twelve different viruses on cancer development and how these viruses utilize the abovementioned mechanisms to influence oncogenesis. The identification of specific mechanisms behind viral transformation of human cells could further elucidate the process behind cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kellogg
- REHS Program, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA.
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22
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Strumillo ST, Kartavykh D, de Carvalho FF, Cruz NC, de Souza Teodoro AC, Sobhie Diaz R, Curcio MF. Host-virus interaction and viral evasion. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1124-1147. [PMID: 33533523 PMCID: PMC8014853 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With each infectious pandemic or outbreak, the medical community feels the need to revisit basic concepts of immunology to understand and overcome the difficult times brought about by these infections. Regarding viruses, they have historically been responsible for many deaths, and such a peculiarity occurs because they are known to be obligate intracellular parasites that depend upon the host's cell machinery for their replication. Successful infection with the production of essential viral components requires constant viral evolution as a strategy to manipulate the cellular environment, including host internal factors, the host's nonspecific and adaptive immune responses to viruses, the metabolic and energetic state of the infected cell, and changes in the intracellular redox environment during the viral infection cycle. Based on this knowledge, it is fundamental to develop new therapeutic strategies for controlling viral dissemination, by means of antiviral therapies, vaccines, or antioxidants, or by targeting the inhibition or activation of cell signaling pathways or metabolic pathways that are altered during infection. The rapid recovery of altered cellular homeostasis during viral infection is still a major challenge. Here, we review the strategies by which viruses evade the host's immune response and potential tools used to develop more specific antiviral therapies to cure, control, or prevent viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheilla T Strumillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Kartavykh
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio F de Carvalho
- Departament of Educational Development, Getulio Vargas Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolly C Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C de Souza Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marli F Curcio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Retrovirology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Yan Y, Qian H, Cao Y, Zhu T. Nuclear factor-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting Gli1 expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:301. [PMID: 33732377 PMCID: PMC7905653 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway is involved in gastric carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of the NF-κB inhibitor, Bay11-7082, on gastric cancer (GC) and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. The MTT assay was performed to assess the effects of Bay11-7082 on the proliferation of HGC27 and MKN45 gastric cancer cells. In addition, the Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to determine cell migration and invasion, respectively. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of the target genes. The results demonstrated that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Bay11-7082 in HGC27 cells was 24.88, 6.72 and 4.23 nM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Furthermore, the IC50 of Bay11-7082 in MKN45 cells was 29.11, 11.22 and 5.88 nM at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Treatment with Bay11-7082 significantly suppressed the cell migratory and invasive abilities compared with the control group. Notably, Bay11-7082 suppressed GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (Gli1) mRNA and protein expression levels. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that Bay11-7082 inhibited GC cell proliferation, at least in part through inhibition of Gli1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Heya Qian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Laboratory, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
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24
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Suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid reactivates Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus through histone acetylation and induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01785-20. [PMID: 33328303 PMCID: PMC8092814 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01785-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma as well as primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive B-cell neoplasm which mostly arises in immunocompromised individuals. Lytic replication of KSHV is also associated with a subset of multicentric Castleman diseases. At present, there is no specific treatment available for PEL and its prognosis is poor. In this study, we found that the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA) induced KSHV reactivation in PEL cells in a dose-dependent manner. Next-generation sequencing analysis showed that more than 40% of all transcripts expressed in SBHA-treated PEL cells originated from the KSHV genome compared with less than 1% in untreated cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that SBHA induced histone acetylation targeting the promoter region of the KSHV replication and transcription activator gene. However, there was no significant change in methylation status of the promoter region of this gene. In addition to its effect of KSHV reactivation, this study revealed that SBHA induces apoptosis in PEL cells in a dose-dependent manner, inducing acetylation and phosphorylation of p53, cleavage of caspases, and expression of pro-apoptotic factors such as Bim and Bax. These findings suggest that SBHA reactivates KSHV from latency and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in PEL cells. Therefore, SBHA can be considered a new tool for induction of KSHV reactivation, and could provide a novel therapeutic strategy against PEL.IMPORTANCE Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma cells are latently infected with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), whereas KSHV replication is frequently observed in multicentric Castleman disease. Although KSHV replication can be induced by some chemical reagents (e.g. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), the mechanism of KSHV replication is not fully understood. We found that the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoyl bis-hydroxamic acid (SBHA) induced KSHV reactivation with high efficiency, through histone acetylation in the promoter of the replication and transcription activator gene, compared with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. SBHA also induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in KSHV-infected cells, with a lower EC50 than measured for viral reactivation. SBHA could be used in a highly efficient replication system for KSHV in vitro, and as a tool to reveal the mechanism of replication and pathogenesis of KSHV. The ability of SBHA to induce apoptosis at lower levels than needed to stimulate KSHV reactivation, indicates its therapeutic potential.
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25
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Lymphotropic Viruses: Chronic Inflammation and Induction of Cancers. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110390. [PMID: 33182552 PMCID: PMC7697807 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation induced by transcription factors, including Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) and NF-κB, in response to microbial pathogenic infections and ligand dependent receptors stimulation are critical for controlling infections. However, uncontrolled inflammation induced by these transcription factors could lead to immune dysfunction, persistent infection, inflammatory related diseases and the development of cancers. Although the induction of innate immunity and inflammation in response to viral infection is important to control virus replication, its effects can be modulated by lymphotropic viruses including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Κaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) during de novo infection as well as latent infection. These lymphotropic viruses persistently activate JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Long-term STAT and NF-κB activation by these viruses leads to the induction of chronic inflammation, which can support the persistence of these viruses and promote virus-mediated cancers. Here, we review how HTLV-1, KSHV and EBV hijack the function of host cell surface molecules (CSMs), which are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Thus, better understanding of CSMs-mediated chronic activation of STATs and NF-κB pathways in lymphotropic virus-infected cells may pave the way for therapeutic intervention in malignancies caused by lymphotropic viruses.
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26
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The interplay between EBV and KSHV viral products and NF-κB pathway in oncogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:62. [PMID: 33072180 PMCID: PMC7559203 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the DNA tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), account for a considerable percentage of virus-associated cancers. Deregulation of transcription factors signaling pathways is one of the most significant oncogenic characteristics of EBV and KSHV. NF-κB is a transcription factor that play a remarkable role in oncogenesis because of its function as a master regulator of a spectrum of genes involved in physiological and pathophysiological process. Constitutive activation of NF-κB is a frequent and well-described event in many human malignancies. Compelling evidence represent EBV and KSHV are capable of targeting different components of NF-κB cascade. Here, we summarized recent findings to clarify the precise relationship between dysregulation of NF-κB and EBV and KSHV-related malignancies. This essay also emphasizes on contribution of various viral products in developing cancer through alteration of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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27
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Shindiapina P, Ahmed EH, Mozhenkova A, Abebe T, Baiocchi RA. Immunology of EBV-Related Lymphoproliferative Disease in HIV-Positive Individuals. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1723. [PMID: 33102204 PMCID: PMC7556212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) can directly cause lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), including AIDS-defining lymphomas such as Burkitt’s lymphoma and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), as well as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The prevalence of EBV in HL and NHL is elevated in HIV-positive individuals compared with the general population. Rates of incidence of AIDS-defining cancers have been declining in HIV-infected individuals since initiation of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) use in 1996. However, HIV-infected persons remain at an increased risk of cancers related to infections with oncogenic viruses. Proposed pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-related cancers include decreased immune surveillance, decreased ability to suppress infection-related oncogenic processes and a state of chronic inflammation marked by alteration of the cytokine profile and expanded numbers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with down-regulated co-stimulatory molecules and increased expression of markers of senescence in the setting of treated HIV infection. Here we discuss the cooperation of EBV-infected B cell- and environment-associated factors that may contribute to EBV-related lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals. Environment-derived lymphomagenic factors include impaired host adaptive and innate immune surveillance, cytokine dysregulation and a pro-inflammatory state observed in the setting of chronic, cART-treated HIV infection. B cell factors include distinctive EBV latency patterns and host protein expression in HIV-associated LPD, as well as B cell-stimulating factors derived from HIV infection. We review the future directions for expanding therapeutic approaches in targeting the viral and immune components of EBV LPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Shindiapina
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elshafa H Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna Mozhenkova
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert A Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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28
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Moodad S, El Hajj R, Hleihel R, Hajjar L, Tawil N, Karam M, Hamie M, Abou Merhi R, El Sabban M, El Hajj H. Lenalidomide in Combination with Arsenic Trioxide: an Effective Therapy for Primary Effusion Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2483. [PMID: 32883022 PMCID: PMC7563318 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive subset of non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma. PEL is secondary to Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV) and predominantly develops in serous cavities. Conventional chemotherapy remains the treatment of choice for PEL and yields high response rates with no significant comorbidities. Yet, chemotherapy often fails in achieving or maintaining long-term remission. Lenalidomide (Lena), an immunomodulatory drug, displayed some efficacy in the treatment of PEL. On the other hand, arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination with other agents effectively treated a number of blood malignancies, including PEL. In this study, we present evidence that the combination of ATO/Lena significantly enhanced survival of PEL mice, decreased the volume of exacerbated ascites in the peritoneum, and reduced tumor infiltration in organs of treated animals. In ex vivo treated PEL cells, ATO/Lena decreased the proliferation and downregulated the expression of KSHV latent viral proteins. This was associated with decreased NF-κB activation, resulting in reactivation of viral replication, downregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10, inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor, and apoptosis. Our results elucidate the mechanism of action of ATO/Lena and present it as a promising targeted therapeutic modality in PEL management, which warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Moodad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Rana El Hajj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon;
| | - Rita Hleihel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Layal Hajjar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Nadim Tawil
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Karam
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Maguy Hamie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (S.M.); (R.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, GSBT laboratory, Lebanese University, Hadath 31143, Lebanon;
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (L.H.); (M.E.S.)
| | - Hiba El Hajj
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 202627, Lebanon; (N.T.); (M.K.)
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29
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Zhang L, Xie J, Gan R, Wu Z, Luo H, Chen X, Lu Y, Wu L, Zheng D. Synergistic inhibition of lung cancer cells by EGCG and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082. J Cancer 2019; 10:6543-6556. [PMID: 31777584 PMCID: PMC6856885 DOI: 10.7150/jca.34285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a poor 5-year survival rate and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Many studies have shown that EGCG, a major polyphenol found in green tea, has potential anticancer effects. The present study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of EGCG-mediated inhibition of proliferation in lung cancer cells and to explore the effects of combined treatment with EGCG and an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, in A549 and H1299 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that EGCG inhibits cell proliferation and migration and induces apoptosis in A549 and H1299 cells at relatively high concentrations (IC50=86.4 µM for A549 cells and 80.6 µM for H1299 cells). These effects are partially achieved via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Combined treatment with EGCG and BAY11-7082, a potent NF-κB inhibitor, shows significant synergistic effects at relatively low concentrations. The inhibition rate reached approximately 50% in cells treated for 72 h with 20 µM EGCG and 5 µM (A549 cells) or 2.5 µM BAY11-7082 (H1299 cells). This synergistic anti-tumor effect was also observed in a xenograft model. These results indicated that EGCG inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Coadministration of EGCG and BAY11-7082 has a synergistic effect both in vitro and in vivo and may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Middle Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Ruihuan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Middle Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Zhangwei Wu
- Shengli Clinical Collage, Fujian Medical University, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Huatian Luo
- Shengli Clinical Collage, Fujian Medical University, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- Shengli Clinical Collage, Fujian Medical University, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Youguang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 246 Middle Yangqiao Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Lixian Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of Fujian Province, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
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30
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SDHC-related deficiency of SDH complex activity promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via ROS/NFκB signaling. Cancer Lett 2019; 461:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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HHV-8-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Pathogenesis in an HIV-Positive Patient. Case Rep Hematol 2019; 2019:4536157. [PMID: 31534804 PMCID: PMC6724429 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4536157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a DNA oncovirus known for its role in the development of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and several lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). HHV-8 promotes lymphoproliferation via the activation of the interleukin-6 receptor signaling pathway, as well as a host of other regulatory mechanisms. The spectrum of HHV-8-associated LPDs is increasing. The World Health Organization has recently updated the classification of HHV-8-associated LPDs by introducing HHV-8-positive germinotropic LPD (GLPD) in addition to the previously recognized entities of HHV-8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and HHV-8-positive multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). We present here a case of an HIV-positive woman with a history of KS, who later developed three HHV-8-associated LPDs, including HHV-8-positive MCD, PEL, and GLPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with this combination of individually rare HHV-8-associated LPDs. This case illustrates the spectrum and the sequential development of the different clinical manifestations of HHV-8-associated diseases. Detection of HHV-8 can have clinical significance in the diagnosis and management of certain HHV-8-associated conditions. Recently discovered variants of HHV-8-associated LPDs indicate that this group represents a diverse spectrum of disorders, whose classification may require further refinement beyond the currently recognized entities.
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32
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Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that control the transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA by binding to specific DNA sequences either on their own or with other proteins as a complex. TFs thus support or suppress the recruitment of the corresponding RNA polymerase. In general, TFs are classified by structure or function. The TF, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), is expressed in all cell types and tissues. NF-κB signaling and crosstalk are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis including in sequences involving pathogenic stimulus, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, establishment of its remodeling to the precancerous niche (PCN) and transition of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Triggered by various inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated along with other TFs with subsequent stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of NF-κB in carcinogenesis provides an opportunity to develop anti-NF-κB therapies. The complexity of these interactions requires that we elucidate those aspects of NF-κB interactions that play a role in carcinogenesis, the sequence of events leading to cancer.
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33
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Nighot M, Rawat M, Al-Sadi R, Castillo EF, Nighot P, Ma TY. Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Intestinal Permeability Is Mediated by TAK-1 Activation of IKK and MLCK/MYLK Gene. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:797-812. [PMID: 30711488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a major component of Gram-negative bacterial cell wall and play an important role in promoting intestinal inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that physiologically relevant concentrations of LPS (0 to 2000 pg/mL) cause an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) permeability without causing cell death. However, the intracellular pathways and the mechanisms that mediate LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability remain unclear. The aim was to delineate the intracellular pathways that mediate the LPS-induced increase in intestinal permeability using in vitro and in vivo intestinal epithelial models. LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability was preceded by an activation of transforming growth factor-β-activating kinase-1 (TAK-1) and canonical NF-κB (p50/p65) pathways. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 inhibited the activation of NF-κB p50/p65. The siRNA silencing of TAK-1 and p65/p50 subunit inhibited the LPS-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability and the increase in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression, confirming the regulatory role of TAK-1 and NF-κB p65/p50 in up-regulating MLCK expression and the subsequent increase in TJ permeability. The data also showed that toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD)88 pathway was crucial upstream regulator of TAK-1 and NF-κB p50/p65 activation. In conclusion, activation of TAK-1 by the TLR-4/MyD88 signal transduction pathway and MLCK by NF-κB p65/p50 regulates the LPS-induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Nighot
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, School of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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34
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Chen YF, Xia Y. Convergent perturbation of the human domain-resolved interactome by viruses and mutations inducing similar disease phenotypes. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006762. [PMID: 30759076 PMCID: PMC6373925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An important goal of systems medicine is to study disease in the context of genetic and environmental perturbations to the human interactome network. For diseases with both genetic and infectious contributors, a key postulate is that similar perturbations of the human interactome by either disease mutations or pathogens can have similar disease consequences. This postulate has so far only been tested for a few viral species at the level of whole proteins. Here, we expand the scope of viral species examined, and test this postulate more rigorously at the higher resolution of protein domains. Focusing on diseases with both genetic and viral contributors, we found significant convergent perturbation of the human domain-resolved interactome by endogenous genetic mutations and exogenous viral proteins inducing similar disease phenotypes. Pan-cancer, pan-oncovirus analysis further revealed that domains of human oncoproteins either physically targeted or structurally mimicked by oncoviruses are enriched for cancer driver rather than passenger mutations, suggesting convergent targeting of cancer driver pathways by diverse oncoviruses. Our study provides a framework for high-resolution, network-based comparison of various disease factors, both genetic and environmental, in terms of their impacts on the human interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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35
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Choudhuri T. Multi-targeted therapy of everolimus in Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus infected primary effusion lymphoma. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1098-1115. [PMID: 28653223 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B cells. KSHV latent and lytic antigens modulate several host cellular signalling pathways especially mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) for rapid tumor progression and immune evasion. Current chemotherapeutic strategies are becoming ineffective as they kill only dividing cells and inefficient to target molecular pathways crucial for active virus replication and its survival. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor in inducing apoptosis of PEL cells. Dose-dependent treatment of everolimus triggered mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in PEL cells. Everolimus downregulated KSHV latent antigen expression with concurrent blocking of lytic reactivation for active virus replication. Everolimus also inhibited latent antigen mediated constitutively active STAT-3 and NF-κB signalling. We co-cultured everolimus treated PEL cells with immature dendritic cells and found activation of dendritic cells with increase in surface expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. As everolimus targets and disrupts KSHV antigens as well as antigen facilitated multiple signalling pathways necessary for KSHV survival and maintenance of infection with synchronised boosting of immune system against viral infection, it can be a better therapeutic approach towards treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Piyanki Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhabana, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Bolpur, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Sahu
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tathagata Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhabana, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Bolpur, India.
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Manzano M, Patil A, Waldrop A, Dave SS, Behdad A, Gottwein E. Gene essentiality landscape and druggable oncogenic dependencies in herpesviral primary effusion lymphoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3263. [PMID: 30111820 PMCID: PMC6093911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. Our understanding of PEL is poor and therefore treatment strategies are lacking. To address this need, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screens in eight PEL cell lines. Integration with data from unrelated cancers identifies 210 genes as PEL-specific oncogenic dependencies. Genetic requirements of PEL cell lines are largely independent of Epstein-Barr virus co-infection. Genes of the NF-κB pathway are individually non-essential. Instead, we demonstrate requirements for IRF4 and MDM2. PEL cell lines depend on cellular cyclin D2 and c-FLIP despite expression of viral homologs. Moreover, PEL cell lines are addicted to high levels of MCL1 expression, which are also evident in PEL tumors. Strong dependencies on cyclin D2 and MCL1 render PEL cell lines highly sensitive to palbociclib and S63845. In summary, this work comprehensively identifies genetic dependencies in PEL cell lines and identifies novel strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Manzano
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ajinkya Patil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexander Waldrop
- Duke Cancer Institute and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Duke Cancer Institute and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Amir Behdad
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Eva Gottwein
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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37
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Momeny M, Yousefi H, Eyvani H, Moghaddaskho F, Salehi A, Esmaeili F, Alishahi Z, Barghi F, Vaezijoze S, Shamsaiegahkani S, Zarrinrad G, Sankanian G, Sabourinejad Z, Hamzehlou S, Bashash D, Aboutorabi ES, Ghaffari P, Dehpour AR, Tavangar SM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Blockade of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Debnath A, Nelson AT, Silva-Olivares A, Shibayama M, Siegel D, McKerrow JH. In Vitro Efficacy of Ebselen and BAY 11-7082 Against Naegleria fowleri. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:414. [PMID: 29559968 PMCID: PMC5845744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a fatal infection caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri, popularly known as the "brain-eating ameba." The drugs of choice in treating PAM are the antifungal amphotericin B and an antileishmanial miltefosine, but these are not FDA-approved for this indication and use of amphotericin B is associated with severe adverse effects. Moreover, very few patients treated with the combination therapy have survived PAM. Therefore, development of efficient drugs is a critical unmet need to avert future deaths of children. Since N. fowleri causes extensive inflammation in the brain it is important to select compounds that can enter brain to kill ameba. In this study, we identified two central nervous system (CNS) active compounds, ebselen and BAY 11-7082 as amebicidal with EC50 of 6.2 and 1.6 μM, respectively. The closely related BAY 11-7085 was also found active against N. fowleri with EC50 similar to BAY 11-7082. We synthesized a soluble ebselen analog, which had amebicidal activity similar to ebselen. Transmission electron microscopy of N. fowleri trophozoites incubated for 48 h with EC50 concentration of ebselen showed alteration in the cytoplasmic membrane, loss of the nuclear membrane, and appearance of electron-dense granules. Incubation of N. fowleri trophozoites with EC50 concentrations of BAY 11-7082 and BAY 11-7085 for 48 h showed the presence of large lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, disruption of cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes and appearance of several vesicles and chromatin residues. Blood-brain barrier permeable amebicidal compounds have potential as new drug leads for Naegleria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Debnath
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrew T Nelson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Angélica Silva-Olivares
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dionicio Siegel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James H McKerrow
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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39
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CRISPR-Cas9 Genetic Analysis of Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020055. [PMID: 29385696 PMCID: PMC5850362 DOI: 10.3390/v10020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) has greatly expanded the ability to genetically probe virus–host interactions. CRISPR systems enable focused or systematic, genomewide studies of nearly all aspects of a virus lifecycle. Combined with its relative ease of use and high reproducibility, CRISPR is becoming an essential tool in studies of the host factors important for viral pathogenesis. Here, we review the use of CRISPR–Cas9 for the loss-of-function analysis of host dependency factors. We focus on the use of CRISPR-pooled screens for the systematic identification of host dependency factors, particularly in Epstein–Barr virus-transformed B cells. We also discuss the use of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and gain-of-function CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) approaches to probe virus–host interactions. Finally, we comment on the future directions enabled by combinatorial CRISPR screens.
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40
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Chen M, Sun F, Han L, Qu Z. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) microRNA K12-1 functions as an oncogene by activating NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33363-73. [PMID: 27166260 PMCID: PMC5078101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common cause of malignancies among AIDS patients. KSHV possesses over hundred genes, including 25 microRNAs (miRNAs). The roles of these miRNAs and many other viral genes in KSHV biology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV induces tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Here, we identify KSHV miRNA K12-1 (miR-K12-1) as a novel viral oncogene by activating two important transcription factors, nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Interestingly, miR-K12-1 activates STAT3 indirectly through inducing NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by repressing the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Accordingly, expression of ectopic IκBα or knockdown of NF-κB RelA, IL-6 or STAT3 prevents expression of cell growth genes and suppresses the oncogenicities of both miR-K12-1 and KSHV. These data identify miR-K12-1/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 as a novel oncogenic signaling underlying KSHV tumorigenesis. These data also provide the first evidence showing that IL-6/STAT3 signaling acts as an essential mediator of NF-κB oncogenic actions. These findings significantly improve our understanding of KSHV pathogenesis and oncogenic interaction between NF-κB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Sun
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lei Han
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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41
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in multiple human malignancies, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin and immunosuppression-associated lymphomas. LMP1 mimics CD40 signaling to activate multiple growth and survival pathways, in particular, NF-κB. LMP1 has critical roles in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-driven B-cell transformation, and its expression causes fatal lymphoproliferative disease in immunosuppressed mice. Here, we review recent developments in studies of LMP1 signaling, LMP1-induced host dependency factors, mouse models of LMP1 lymphomagenesis, and anti-LMP1 immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei Wang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Disease, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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42
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Nayar U, Sadek J, Reichel J, Hernandez-Hopkins D, Akar G, Barelli PJ, Sahai MA, Zhou H, Totonchy J, Jayabalan D, Niesvizky R, Guasparri I, Hassane D, Liu Y, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Warren JD, Elemento O, Kaye KM, Cesarman E. Identification of a nucleoside analog active against adenosine kinase-expressing plasma cell malignancies. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2066-2080. [PMID: 28504647 PMCID: PMC5451239 DOI: 10.1172/jci83936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a largely incurable malignancy of B cell origin with plasmacytic differentiation. Here, we report the identification of a highly effective inhibitor of PEL. This compound, 6-ethylthioinosine (6-ETI), is a nucleoside analog with toxicity to PEL in vitro and in vivo, but not to other lymphoma cell lines tested. We developed and performed resistome analysis, an unbiased approach based on RNA sequencing of resistant subclones, to discover the molecular mechanisms of sensitivity. We found different adenosine kinase-inactivating (ADK-inactivating) alterations in all resistant clones and determined that ADK is required to phosphorylate and activate 6-ETI. Further, we observed that 6-ETI induces ATP depletion and cell death accompanied by S phase arrest and DNA damage only in ADK-expressing cells. Immunohistochemistry for ADK served as a biomarker approach to identify 6-ETI-sensitive tumors, which we documented for other lymphoid malignancies with plasmacytic features. Notably, multiple myeloma (MM) expresses high levels of ADK, and 6-ETI was toxic to MM cell lines and primary specimens and had a robust antitumor effect in a disseminated MM mouse model. Several nucleoside analogs are effective in treating leukemias and T cell lymphomas, and 6-ETI may fill this niche for the treatment of PEL, plasmablastic lymphoma, MM, and other ADK-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gunkut Akar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | | | - Michelle A. Sahai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Ruben Niesvizky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Duane Hassane
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Viral Vector Toxicology Section, Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Pharmacology, SAIC-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Kaye
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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43
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Ma Y, Walsh MJ, Bernhardt K, Ashbaugh CW, Trudeau SJ, Ashbaugh IY, Jiang S, Jiang C, Zhao B, Root DE, Doench JG, Gewurz BE. CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed B Cell Host Dependency Factors. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 21:580-591.e7. [PMID: 28494239 PMCID: PMC8938989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and immunosuppression-related lymphomas. These B cell malignancies arise by distinct transformation pathways and have divergent viral and host expression programs. To identify host dependency factors resulting from these EBV+, B cell-transformed cell states, we performed parallel genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 loss-of-function screens in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). These highlighted 57 BL and 87 LCL genes uniquely important for their growth and survival. LCL hits were enriched for EBV-induced genes, including viral super-enhancer targets. Our systematic approach uncovered key mechanisms by which EBV oncoproteins activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and evade tumor suppressor responses. LMP1-induced cFLIP was found to be critical for LCL defense against TNFα-mediated programmed cell death, whereas EBV-induced BATF/IRF4 were critical for BIM suppression and MYC induction in LCLs. Finally, EBV super-enhancer-targeted IRF2 protected LCLs against Blimp1-mediated tumor suppression. Our results identify viral transformation-driven synthetic lethal targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katharina Bernhardt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Camille W Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Trudeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabelle Y Ashbaugh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chang Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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44
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Mouse model of Epstein-Barr virus LMP1- and LMP2A-driven germinal center B-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4751-4756. [PMID: 28351978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701836114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a major cause of immunosuppression-related B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In these malignancies, EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) and LMP2A provide infected B cells with surrogate CD40 and B-cell receptor growth and survival signals. To gain insights into their synergistic in vivo roles in germinal center (GC) B cells, from which most EBV-driven lymphomas arise, we generated a mouse model with conditional GC B-cell LMP1 and LMP2A coexpression. LMP1 and LMP2A had limited effects in immunocompetent mice. However, upon T- and NK-cell depletion, LMP1/2A caused massive plasmablast outgrowth, organ damage, and death. RNA-sequencing analyses identified EBV oncoprotein effects on GC B-cell target genes, including up-regulation of multiple proinflammatory chemokines and master regulators of plasma cell differentiation. LMP1/2A coexpression also up-regulated key HL markers, including CD30 and mixed hematopoietic lineage markers. Collectively, our results highlight synergistic EBV membrane oncoprotein effects on GC B cells and provide a model for studies of their roles in immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative diseases.
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45
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Takada H, Imadome KI, Shibayama H, Yoshimori M, Wang L, Saitoh Y, Uota S, Yamaoka S, Koyama T, Shimizu N, Yamamoto K, Fujiwara S, Miura O, Arai A. EBV induces persistent NF-κB activation and contributes to survival of EBV-positive neoplastic T- or NK-cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174136. [PMID: 28346502 PMCID: PMC5367708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in several T- and NK-cell neoplasms such as extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type, aggressive NK-cell leukemia, EBV-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma, systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood, and chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV). However, how this virus contributes to lymphomagenesis in T or NK cells remains largely unknown. Here, we examined NF-κB activation in EBV-positive T or NK cell lines, SNT8, SNT15, SNT16, SNK6, and primary EBV-positive and clonally proliferating T/NK cells obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with CAEBV. Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and immunofluorescent staining revealed persistent NF-κB activation in EBV-infected cell lines and primary cells from patients. Furthermore, we investigated the role of EBV in infected T cells. We performed an in vitro infection assay using MOLT4 cells infected with EBV. The infection directly induced NF-κB activation, promoted survival, and inhibited etoposide-induced apoptosis in MOLT4 cells. The luciferase assay suggested that LMP1 mediated NF-κB activation in MOLT4 cells. IMD-0354, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB that suppresses NF-κB activation in cell lines, inhibited cell survival and induced apoptosis. These results indicate that EBV induces NF-κB-mediated survival signals in T and NK cells, and therefore, may contribute to the lymphomagenesis of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honami Takada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Imadome
- Division of Advanced Medicine for Virus Infections, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Shibayama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimori
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ludan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Saitoh
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Uota
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Koyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Molecular Genetics of Hematology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Shimizu
- Virus Research Unit, Division of Medical Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Arai
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Val-Blasco A, Prieto P, Gonzalez-Ramos S, Benito G, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Pacheco I, González-Peramato P, Agra N, Terrón V, Delgado C, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. NOD1 activation in cardiac fibroblasts induces myocardial fibrosis in a murine model of type 2 diabetes. Biochem J 2017; 474:399-410. [PMID: 27803247 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis and chronic inflammation are common complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Since nucleotide oligomerization-binding domain 1 (NOD1), an innate immune receptor, is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes outcomes, we sought to investigate its involvement in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we show that selective staining of cardiac fibroblasts from T2D (db/db;db) mice exhibits up-regulation and activation of the NOD1 pathway, resulting in enhanced NF-κB and TGF-β signalling. Activation of the TGF-β pathway in cardiac fibroblasts from db mice was prevented after inhibition of NF-κB with BAY-11-7082 (BAY). Moreover, fibrosis progression in db mice was also prevented by BAY treatment. Enhanced TGF-β signalling and cardiac fibrosis of db mice was dependent, at least in part, on the sequential activation of NOD1 and NF-κB since treatment of db mice with a selective NOD1 agonist induced activation of the TGF-β pathway, but co-administration of a NOD1 agonist plus BAY, or a NOD1 inhibitor prevented the NOD1-induced fibrosis. Therefore, NOD1 is involved in cardiac fibrosis associated with diabetes, and establishes a new mechanism for the development of heart fibrosis linked to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Val-Blasco
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Gonzalez-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Gemma Benito
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar González-Peramato
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Noelia Agra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la PAZ, IdIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, Madrid 28046, Spain
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Granato M, Rizzello C, Gilardini Montani MS, Cuomo L, Vitillo M, Santarelli R, Gonnella R, D'Orazi G, Faggioni A, Cirone M. Quercetin induces apoptosis and autophagy in primary effusion lymphoma cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 41:124-136. [PMID: 28092744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a bioflavonoid contained in several vegetables daily consumed, has been studied for long time for its antiinflammatory and anticancer properties. Quercetin interacts with multiple cancer-related pathways such as PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and STAT3. These pathways are hyperactivated in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), an aggressive B cell lymphoma whose pathogenesis is strictly linked to the oncogenic virus Kaposis' Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV). In this study, we found that quercetin inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR and STAT3 pathways in PEL cells, and as a consequence, it down-regulated the expression of the prosurvival cellular proteins such as c-FLIP, cyclin D1 and cMyc. It also reduced the release of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines, leading to PEL cell death. Moreover, quercetin induced a prosurvival autophagy in these cells and increased the cytotoxic effect of bortezomib, a proteasomal inhibitor, against them. Interestingly, quercetin decreased also the expression of latent and lytic KSHV proteins involved in PEL tumorigenesis and up-regulated the surface expression of HLA-DR and calreticulin, rendering the dying cells more likely detectable by the immune system. The results obtained in this study indicate that quercetin, which does not exert any cytotoxicity against normal B cells, may represent a good candidate for the treatment of this aggressive B cell lymphoma, especially in combination with autophagy inhibitors or with bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Granato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Rizzello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cuomo
- U. O.C. Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Vitillo
- U. O.C. Patologia Clinica, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Santarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gonnella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella D'Orazi
- Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Faggioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy.
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A role for MALT1 activity in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus latency and growth of primary effusion lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:614-624. [PMID: 27538487 PMCID: PMC5339436 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable malignancy that develops in immunodeficient patients as a consequence of latent infection of B-cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). Malignant growth of KSHV-infected B cells requires the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which controls maintenance of viral latency and suppression of the viral lytic program. Here we show that the KSHV proteins K13 and K15 promote NF-κB activation via the protease mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein-1 (MALT1), a key driver of NF-κB activation in lymphocytes. Inhibition of the MALT1 protease activity induced a switch from the latent to the lytic stage of viral infection, and led to reduced growth and survival of PEL cell lines in vitro and in a xenograft model. These results demonstrate a key role for the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in PEL, and provide a rationale for the pharmacological targeting of MALT1 in PEL therapy.
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Jha HC, Sun Z, Upadhyay SK, El-Naccache DW, Singh RK, Sahu SK, Robertson ES. KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005801. [PMID: 27463802 PMCID: PMC4963126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and transformation is an important step in progression to cancer. Par3 (partitioning-defective protein) is a crucial factor in regulating epithelial cell polarity. However, the mechanism by which the latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) regulates Par3 and EMTs markers (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) during viral-mediated B-cell oncogenesis has not been fully explored. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a crucial role for EMT markers during B-cell malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate that Par3 is significantly up-regulated in KSHV-infected primary B-cells. Further, Par3 interacted with LANA in KSHV positive and LANA expressing cells which led to translocation of Par3 from the cell periphery to a predominantly nuclear signal. Par3 knockdown led to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptotic induction. Levels of SNAIL was elevated, and E-cadherin was reduced in the presence of LANA or Par3. Interestingly, KSHV infection in primary B-cells led to enhancement of SNAIL and down-regulation of E-cadherin in a temporal manner. Importantly, knockdown of SNAIL, a major EMT regulator, in KSHV cells resulted in reduced expression of LANA, Par3, and enhanced E-cadherin. Also, SNAIL bound to the promoter region of p21 and can regulate its activity. Further a SNAIL inhibitor diminished NF-kB signaling through upregulation of Caspase3 in KSHV positive cells in vitro. This was also supported by upregulation of SNAIL and Par3 in BC-3 transplanted NOD-SCID mice which has potential as a therapeutic target for KSHV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem C. Jha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Upadhyay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Darine W. El-Naccache
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajnish K. Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sushil K. Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Park JW, Kwon OK, Yuniato P, Marwoto B, Lee J, Oh SR, Kim JH, Ahn KS. Amelioration of an LPS-induced inflammatory response using a methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia ovalifolia to suppress the activation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:482-90. [PMID: 27314211 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects remain poorly understood. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of L. ovalifolia (LOME) on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We examined the effects of LOME on the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of LOME, we measured the mRNA or protein expression of the pro‑inflammatory mediators induced by LOME in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. LOME significantly inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, LOME suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inhibited the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), with a reduction in the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that LOME may exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and thus, may have potential for use as an adjuvant treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Prasetyawan Yuniato
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Marwoto
- Center for Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, The Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
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