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Song C, Zhang Z, Leng D, He Z, Wang X, Liu W, Zhang W, Wu Q, Zhao Q, Chen G. ERK5 promotes autocrine expression to sustain mitogenic balance for cell fate specification in human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00216-9. [PMID: 39151429 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires the signaling balance of extracellular factors. Exogenous regulators from cell culture medium have been widely reported, but little attention has been paid to the autocrine factor from hPSCs themselves. In this report, we demonstrate that extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5) regulates endogenous autocrine factors essential for pluripotency and differentiation. ERK5 inhibition leads to erroneous cell fate specification in all lineages even under lineage-specific induction. hPSCs can self-renew under ERK5 inhibition in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), although NANOG expression is partially suppressed. Further analysis demonstrates that ERK5 promotes the expression of autocrine factors such as NODAL, FGF8, and WNT3. The addition of NODAL protein rescues NANOG expression and differentiation phenotypes under ERK5 inhibition. We demonstrate that constitutively active ERK5 pathway allows self-renewal even without essential growth factors FGF2 and TGF-β. This study highlights the essential contribution of autocrine pathways to proper maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Song
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dongliang Leng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ziqing He
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Biological Imaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- CAM-SU Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China; Zhuhai UM Science & Technology Research Institute, Zhuhai, China.
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2
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Zhang C, Shan Y, Lin H, Zhang Y, Xing Q, Zhu J, Zhou T, Lin A, Chen Q, Wang J, Pan G. HBO1 determines SMAD action in pluripotency and mesendoderm specification. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4935-4949. [PMID: 38421638 PMCID: PMC11109972 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling family plays an essential role to regulate fate decisions in pluripotency and lineage specification. How the action of TGF-β family signaling is intrinsically executed remains not fully elucidated. Here, we show that HBO1, a MYST histone acetyltransferase (HAT) is an essential cell intrinsic determinant for TGF-β signaling in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HBO1-/- hESCs fail to response to TGF-β signaling to maintain pluripotency and spontaneously differentiate into neuroectoderm. Moreover, HBO1 deficient hESCs show complete defect in mesendoderm specification in BMP4-triggered gastruloids or teratomas. Molecularly, HBO1 interacts with SMAD4 and co-binds the open chromatin labeled by H3K14ac and H3K4me3 in undifferentiated hESCs. Upon differentiation, HBO1/SMAD4 co-bind and maintain the mesoderm genes in BMP4-triggered mesoderm cells while lose chromatin occupancy in neural cells induced by dual-SMAD inhibition. Our data reveal an essential role of HBO1, a chromatin factor to determine the action of SMAD in both human pluripotency and mesendoderm specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Yongli Shan
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Huaisong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Qi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Jinmin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Aiping Lin
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530,China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Cell Therapy, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
- GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510530, China
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Choi KH, Lee DK, Jeong J, Ahn Y, Go DM, Kim DY, Lee CK. Inhibition of BMP-mediated SMAD pathway supports the pluripotency of pig embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder cells. Theriogenology 2024; 225:67-80. [PMID: 38795512 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Here, we examined the effects of the BMP signaling pathway inhibitor LDN-193189 on the pluripotency of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the absence of feeder cells using molecular and transcriptomic techniques. Additionally, the effects of some extracellular matrix components on porcine ESC pluripotency were evaluated to develop an optimized and sustainable feeder-free culture system for porcine ESCs. Feeder cells were found to play an important role in supporting the pluripotency of porcine ESCs by blocking trophoblast and mesodermal differentiation through the inhibition of the BMP pathway. Additionally, treatment with LDN-193189, an inhibitor of the BMP pathway, maintained the pluripotency and homogeneity of porcine ESCs for an extended period in the absence of feeder cells by stimulating the secretion of chemokines and suppressing differentiation, based on transcriptome analysis. Conclusively, these results suggest that LDN-193189 could be a suitable replacement for feeder cells in the maintenance of porcine ESC pluripotency during culture. Additionally, these findings contribute to the understanding of pluripotency gene networks and comparative embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Research and Development Center, Space F Corporation, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do, 18471, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelim Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Innis SM, Cabot RA. Chromatin profiling and state predictions reveal insights into epigenetic regulation during early porcine development. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38773546 PMCID: PMC11106951 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given their physiological similarities to humans, pigs are increasingly used as model organisms in human-oriented biomedical studies. Additionally, their value to animal agriculture across the globe has led to the development of numerous studies to investigate how to improve livestock welfare and production efficiency. As such, pigs are uniquely poised as compelling models that can yield findings with potential implications in both human and animal contexts. Despite this, many gaps remain in our knowledge about the foundational mechanisms that govern gene expression in swine across different developmental stages, particularly in early development. To address some of these gaps, we profiled the histone marks H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 and the SWI/SNF central ATPase BRG1 in two porcine cell lines representing discrete early developmental time points and used the resulting information to construct predicted chromatin state maps for these cells. We combined this approach with analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data to examine the relationship between epigenetic status and gene expression in these cell types. RESULTS In porcine fetal fibroblast (PFF) and trophectoderm cells (PTr2), we saw expected patterns of enrichment for each of the profiled epigenetic features relative to specific genomic regions. H3K4me3 was primarily enriched at and around global gene promoters, H3K27ac was enriched in promoter and intergenic regions, H3K27me3 had broad stretches of enrichment across the genome and narrower enrichment patterns in and around the promoter regions of some genes, and BRG1 primarily had detectable enrichment at and around promoter regions and in intergenic stretches, with many instances of H3K27ac co-enrichment. We used this information to perform genome-wide chromatin state predictions for 10 different states using ChromHMM. Using the predicted chromatin state maps, we identified a subset of genomic regions marked by broad H3K4me3 enrichment, and annotation of these regions revealed that they were highly associated with essential developmental processes and consisted largely of expressed genes. We then compared the identities of the genes marked by these regions to genes identified as cell-type-specific using transcriptome data and saw that a subset of broad H3K4me3-marked genes was also specifically expressed in either PFF or PTr2 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings enhance our understanding of the epigenetic landscape present in early swine development and provide insight into how variabilities in chromatin state are linked to cell identity. Furthermore, this data captures foundational epigenetic details in two valuable porcine cell lines and contributes to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the epigenetic landscape in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Innis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ryan A Cabot
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Camacho-Aguilar E, Yoon ST, Ortiz-Salazar MA, Du S, Guerra MC, Warmflash A. Combinatorial interpretation of BMP and WNT controls the decision between primitive streak and extraembryonic fates. Cell Syst 2024; 15:445-461.e4. [PMID: 38692274 PMCID: PMC11231731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BMP signaling is essential for mammalian gastrulation, as it initiates a cascade of signals that control self-organized patterning. As development is highly dynamic, it is crucial to understand how time-dependent combinatorial signaling affects cellular differentiation. Here, we show that BMP signaling duration is a crucial control parameter that determines cell fates upon the exit from pluripotency through its interplay with the induced secondary signal WNT. BMP signaling directly converts cells from pluripotent to extraembryonic fates while simultaneously upregulating Wnt signaling, which promotes primitive streak and mesodermal specification. Using live-cell imaging of signaling and cell fate reporters together with a simple mathematical model, we show that this circuit produces a temporal morphogen effect where, once BMP signal duration is above a threshold for differentiation, intermediate and long pulses of BMP signaling produce specification of mesoderm and extraembryonic fates, respectively. Our results provide a systems-level picture of how these signaling pathways control the landscape of early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumin T Yoon
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Siqi Du
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - M Cecilia Guerra
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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6
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Oke A, Manohar SM. Dynamic Roles of Signaling Pathways in Maintaining Pluripotency of Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:46-56. [PMID: 38635924 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Culturing of mouse and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro was a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell biology. These models gained popularity very soon mainly due to their pluripotency. Evidently, the ESCs of mouse and human origin share typical phenotypic responses due to their pluripotent nature, such as self-renewal capacity and potency. The conserved network of core transcription factors regulates these responses. However, significantly different signaling pathways and upstream transcriptional networks regulate expression and activity of these core pluripotency factors in ESCs of both the species. In fact, ample evidence shows that a pathway, which maintains pluripotency in mouse ESCs, promotes differentiation in human ESCs. In this review, we discuss the role of canonical signaling pathways implicated in regulation of pluripotency and differentiation particularly in mouse and human ESCs. We believe that understanding these distinct and at times-opposite mechanisms-is critical for the progress in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Oke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-Be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sonal M Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-Be) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Teague S, Primavera G, Chen B, Liu ZY, Yao L, Freeburne E, Khan H, Jo K, Johnson C, Heemskerk I. Time-integrated BMP signaling determines fate in a stem cell model for early human development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1471. [PMID: 38368368 PMCID: PMC10874454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
How paracrine signals are interpreted to yield multiple cell fate decisions in a dynamic context during human development in vivo and in vitro remains poorly understood. Here we report an automated tracking method to follow signaling histories linked to cell fate in large numbers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Using an unbiased statistical approach, we discover that measured BMP signaling history correlates strongly with fate in individual cells. We find that BMP response in hPSCs varies more strongly in the duration of signaling than the level. However, both the level and duration of signaling activity control cell fate choices only by changing the time integral. Therefore, signaling duration and level are interchangeable in this context. In a stem cell model for patterning of the human embryo, we show that signaling histories predict the fate pattern and that the integral model correctly predicts changes in cell fate domains when signaling is perturbed. Our data suggest that mechanistically, BMP signaling is integrated by SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Teague
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gillian Primavera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zong-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - LiAng Yao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily Freeburne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hina Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kyoung Jo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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8
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Mancini FE, Humphreys PEA, Woods S, Bates N, Cuvertino S, O'Flaherty J, Biant L, Domingos MAN, Kimber SJ. Effect of a retinoic acid analogue on BMP-driven pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2696. [PMID: 38302538 PMCID: PMC10834951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint condition, leading to articular cartilage (AC) degradation, chronic pain and immobility. The lack of appropriate therapies that provide tissue restoration combined with the limited lifespan of joint-replacement implants indicate the need for alternative AC regeneration strategies. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into AC progenitors may provide a long-term regenerative solution but is still limited due to the continued reliance upon growth factors to recapitulate developmental signalling processes. Recently, TTNPB, a small molecule activator of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), has been shown to be sufficient to guide mesodermal specification and early chondrogenesis of hPSCs. Here, we modified our previous differentiation protocol, by supplementing cells with TTNPB and administering BMP2 at specific times to enhance early development (referred to as the RAPID-E protocol). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that activation of RAR signalling significantly upregulated genes related to limb and embryonic skeletal development in the early stages of the protocol and upregulated genes related to AC development in later stages. Chondroprogenitors obtained from RAPID-E could generate cartilaginous pellets that expressed AC-related matrix proteins such as Lubricin, Aggrecan, and Collagen II, but additionally expressed Collagen X, indicative of hypertrophy. This protocol could lay the foundations for cell therapy strategies for osteoarthritis and improve the understanding of AC development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul E A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julieta O'Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Leela Biant
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Anvar Z, Chakchouk I, Sharif M, Mahadevan S, Su L, Anikar S, Naini FA, Utama AB, Van den Veyver IB. Comparison of Four Protocols for In Vitro Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Trophoblast Lineages by BMP4 and Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal and FGF2 Signaling. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:173-189. [PMID: 37658178 PMCID: PMC10784360 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured in media containing bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4; B) differentiate into trophoblast-like cells. Supplementing media with inhibitors of activin/nodal signaling (A83-01) and of fibroblast growth factor 2 (PD173074) suppresses mesoderm and endoderm formation and improves specification of trophoblast-like lineages, but with variable effectiveness. We compared differentiation in four BMP4-containing media: mTeSR1-BMP4 only, mTeSR1-BAP, basal medium with BAP (basal-BAP), and a newly defined medium, E7-BAP. These media variably drive early differentiation towards trophoblast-like lineages with upregulation of early trophoblast markers CDX2 and KRT7 and downregulation of pluripotency markers (OCT4 and NANOG). As expected, based on differences between media in FGF2 and its inhibitors, downregulation of mesendoderm marker EOMES was variable between media. By day 7, only hESCs grown in E7-BAP or basal-BAP expressed HLA-G protein, indicating the presence of cells with extravillous trophoblast characteristics. Expression of HLA-G and other differentiation markers (hCG, KRT7, and GCM1) was highest in basal-BAP, suggesting a faster differentiation in this medium, but those cultures were more inhomogeneous and still expressed some endodermal and pluripotency markers. In E7-BAP, HLA-G expression increased later and was lower. There was also a low but maintained expression of some C19MC miRNAs, with more CpG hypomethylation of the ELF5 promoter, suggesting that E7-BAP cultures differentiate slower along the trophoblast lineage. We conclude that while all protocols drive differentiation into trophoblast lineages with varying efficiency, they have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a protocol for specific experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Anvar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Imen Chakchouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Momal Sharif
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sangeetha Mahadevan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Swathi Anikar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fatemeh Alavi Naini
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ignatia B Van den Veyver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Schalich KM, Koganti PP, Castillo JM, Reiff OM, Cheong SH, Selvaraj V. The uterine secretory cycle: recurring physiology of endometrial outputs that setup the uterine luminal microenvironment. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:74-97. [PMID: 37694291 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conserved in female reproduction across all mammalian species is the estrous cycle and its regulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, a collective of intersected hormonal events that are crucial for ensuring uterine fertility. Nonetheless, knowledge of the direct mediators that synchronously shape the uterine microenvironment for successive yet distinct events, such as the transit of sperm and support for progressive stages of preimplantation embryo development, remain principally deficient. Toward understanding the timed endometrial outputs that permit luminal events as directed by the estrous cycle, we used Bovidae as a model system to uniquely surface sample and study temporal shifts to in vivo endometrial transcripts that encode for proteins destined to be secreted. The results revealed the full quantitative profile of endometrial components that shape the uterine luminal microenvironment at distinct phases of the estrous cycle (estrus, metestrus, diestrus, and proestrus). In interpreting this comprehensive log of stage-specific endometrial secretions, we define the "uterine secretory cycle" and extract a predictive understanding of recurring physiological actions regulated within the uterine lumen in anticipation of sperm and preimplantation embryonic stages. This repetitive microenvironmental preparedness to sequentially provide operative support was a stable intrinsic framework, with only limited responses to sperm or embryos if encountered in the lumen within the cyclic time period. In uncovering the secretory cycle and unraveling realistic biological processes, we present novel foundational knowledge of terminal effectors controlled by the HPG axis to direct a recurring sequence of vital functions within the uterine lumen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study unravels the recurring sequence of changes within the uterus that supports vital functions (sperm transit and development of preimplantation embryonic stages) during the reproductive cycle in female Ruminantia. These data present new systems knowledge in uterine reproductive physiology crucial for setting up in vitro biomimicry and artificial environments for assisted reproduction technologies for a range of mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey M Schalich
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Juan M Castillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Olivia M Reiff
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary College, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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11
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Morey R, Bui T, Fisch KM, Horii M. Modeling placental development and disease using human pluripotent stem cells. Placenta 2023; 141:18-25. [PMID: 36333266 PMCID: PMC10148925 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of placental epithelial cells, trophoblast, primarily came from the use of mouse trophoblast stem cells and tumor-derived or immortalized human trophoblast cell lines. This was mainly due to the difficulties in maintaining primary trophoblast in culture and establishing human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC) lines. However, in-depth characterization of these cellular models and in vivo human trophoblast have revealed significant discrepancies. For the past two decades, multiple groups have shown that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can be differentiated into trophoblast, and thus could be used as a model for normal and disease trophoblast differentiation. During this time, trophoblast differentiation protocols have evolved, enabling researchers to study cellular characteristics at trophectoderm (TE), trophoblast stem cells (TSC), syncytiotrophoblast (STB), and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) stages. Recently, several groups reported methods to derive hTSC from pre-implantation blastocyst or early gestation placenta, and trophoblast organoids from early gestation placenta, drastically changing the landscape of trophoblast research. These culture conditions have been rapidly applied to generate hPSC-derived TSC and trophoblast organoids. As a result of these technological advancements, the field's capacity to better understand trophoblast differentiation and their involvement in pregnancy related disease has greatly expanded. Here, we present in vitro models of human trophoblast differentiation, describing both primary and hPSC-derived TSC, maintained as monolayers and 3-dimensional trophoblast organoids, as a tool to study early placental development and disease in multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Morey
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tony Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mariko Horii
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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12
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C. Human iPSCs as Model Systems for BMP-Related Rare Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2200. [PMID: 37681932 PMCID: PMC10487005 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling contribute to onset and development of a number of rare genetic diseases, including Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). After decades of animal research to build a solid foundation in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, the progressive implementation of iPSC-based patient-derived models will improve drug development by addressing drug efficacy, specificity, and toxicity in a complex humanized environment. We will review the current state of literature on iPSC-derived model systems in this field, with special emphasis on the access to patient source material and the complications that may come with it. Given the essential role of BMPs during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, gain- or loss-of-function mutations in the BMP signalling pathway may compromise iPSC generation, maintenance, and differentiation procedures. This review highlights the need for careful optimization of the protocols used. Finally, we will discuss recent developments towards complex in vitro culture models aiming to resemble specific tissue microenvironments with multi-faceted cellular inputs, such as cell mechanics and ECM together with organoids, organ-on-chip, and microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), ISPA-HUCA, Avda. de Roma, s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Westphalian University of Applied Sciences, August-Schmidt-Ring 10, 45665 Recklinghausen, Germany
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13
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Velichkova G, Dobreva G. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models of heart development and disease. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203857. [PMID: 37257755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The heart is a complex organ composed of distinct cell types, such as cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neuronal cells and immune cells. All these cell types contribute to the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of the heart. Genetic manipulation and lineage tracing studies in mice have been instrumental in gaining critical insights into the networks regulating cardiac cell lineage specification, cell fate and plasticity. Such knowledge has been of fundamental importance for the development of efficient protocols for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in highly specialized cardiac cell types. In this review, we summarize the evolution and current advances in protocols for cardiac subtype specification, maturation, and assembly in cardiac microtissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Velichkova
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.
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14
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Bobos D, Soufla G, Angouras DC, Lekakis I, Georgopoulos S, Melissari E. Investigation of the Role of BMP2 and -4 in ASD, VSD and Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2717. [PMID: 37627976 PMCID: PMC10453726 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart malformations (CHMs) make up between 2 and 3% of annual human births. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) signalling is required for chamber myocardium development. We examined for possible molecular defects in the bone morphogenetic protein 2 and 4 (BMP2, -4) genes by sequencing analysis of all coding exons, as well as possible transcription or protein expression deregulation by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, in 52 heart biopsies with congenital malformations (atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy ofFallot (ToF) and complex cases) compared to 10 non-congenital heart disease (CHD) hearts. No loss of function mutations was found; only synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BMP2 and BMP4 genes were found. Deregulation of the mRNA expression and co-expression profile of the two genes (BMP2/BMP4) was observed in the affected compared to the normal hearts. BMP2 and -4 protein expression levels were similar in normal and affected hearts. This is the first study assessing the role of BMP-2 and 4 in congenital heart malformations. Our analysis did not reveal molecular defects in the BMP2 and -4 genes that could support a causal relationship with the congenital defects present in our patients. Importantly, sustained mRNA and protein expression of BMP2 and -4 in CHD cases compared to controls indicates possible temporal epigenetic, microRNA or post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms governing the initial stages of cardiac malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Bobos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giannoula Soufla
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Angouras
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lekakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon Hospital, Athens Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios Georgopoulos
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Euthemia Melissari
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 17674 Athens, Greece
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15
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Noh KM, Park SJ, Moon SH, Jung SY. Extracellular matrix cues regulate the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1169331. [PMID: 37435057 PMCID: PMC10330705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1169331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of endothelial cells (ECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has been a promising approach for treating cardiovascular diseases for several years. Human PSCs, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are an attractive source of ECs for cell therapy. Although there is a diversity of methods for endothelial cell differentiation using biochemical factors, such as small molecules and cytokines, the efficiency of EC production varies depending on the type and dose of biochemical factors. Moreover, the protocols in which most EC differentiation studies have been performed were in very unphysiological conditions that do not reflect the microenvironment of native tissue. The microenvironment surrounding stem cells exerts variable biochemical and biomechanical stimuli that can affect stem cell differentiation and behavior. The stiffness and components of the extracellular microenvironment are critical inducers of stem cell behavior and fate specification by sensing the extracellular matrix (ECM) cues, adjusting the cytoskeleton tension, and delivering external signals to the nucleus. Differentiation of stem cells into ECs using a cocktail of biochemical factors has been performed for decades. However, the effects of mechanical stimuli on endothelial cell differentiation remain poorly understood. This review provides an overview of the methods used to differentiate ECs from stem cells by chemical and mechanical stimuli. We also propose the possibility of a novel EC differentiation strategy using a synthetic and natural extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mu Noh
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jung Park
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang D, Li Y, Xu C, Wang H, Huang X, Jin X, Ren S, Gao J, Tong J, Liu J, Zhou J, Shi L. SETD7 promotes lateral plate mesoderm formation by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. iScience 2023; 26:106917. [PMID: 37378343 PMCID: PMC10291335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of SET domain containing 7 (SETD7) during human hematopoietic development remains elusive. Here, we found that deletion of SETD7 attenuated the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) during the induction of hematopoietic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Further analysis specified that SETD7 was required for lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) specification but dispensable for the generation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and HPCs. Mechanistically, rather than depending on its histone methyltransferase activity, SETD7 interacted with β-catenin at lysine residue 180 facilitated its degradation. Diminished SETD7 expression led to the accumulation of β-catenin and the consequent activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which altered LPM patterning and facilitated the production of paraxial mesoderm (PM). Taken together, the findings indicate that SETD7 is related to LPM and PM patterning via posttranslational regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, providing novel insights into mesoderm specification during hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yapu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Xu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Sirui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell Medicine, PUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300020, China
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17
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Orlando L, Benoit YD, Reid JC, Nakanishi M, Boyd AL, García-Rodriguez JL, Tanasijevic B, Doyle MS, Luchman A, Restall IJ, Bergin CJ, Masibag AN, Aslostovar L, Di Lu J, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Weiss S, Bhatia M. Chemical genomics reveals targetable programs of human cancers rooted in pluripotency. Cell Chem Biol 2023:S2451-9456(23)00158-7. [PMID: 37379846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping principles of embryonic and tumor biology have been described, with recent multi-omics campaigns uncovering shared molecular profiles between human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and adult tumors. Here, using a chemical genomic approach, we provide biological evidence that early germ layer fate decisions of hPSCs reveal targets of human cancers. Single-cell deconstruction of hPSCs-defined subsets that share transcriptional patterns with transformed adult tissues. Chemical screening using a unique germ layer specification assay for hPSCs identified drugs that enriched for compounds that selectively suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumors corresponding exclusively to their germ layer origin. Transcriptional response of hPSCs to germ layer inducing drugs could be used to identify targets capable of regulating hPSC specification as well as inhibiting adult tumors. Our study demonstrates properties of adult tumors converge with hPSCs drug induced differentiation in a germ layer specific manner, thereby expanding our understanding of cancer stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Borko Tanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan S Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian J Restall
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Laronde
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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18
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Teague S, Primavera G, Chen B, Freeburne E, Khan H, Jo K, Johnson C, Heemskerk I. The time integral of BMP signaling determines fate in a stem cell model for early human development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536068. [PMID: 37090515 PMCID: PMC10120633 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
How paracrine signals are interpreted to yield multiple cell fate decisions in a dynamic context during human development in vivo and in vitro remains poorly understood. Here we report an automated tracking method to follow signaling histories linked to cell fate in large numbers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Using an unbiased statistical approach, we discovered that measured BMP signaling history correlates strongly with fate in individual cells. We found that BMP response in hPSCs varies more strongly in the duration of signaling than the level. However, we discovered that both the level and duration of signaling activity control cell fate choices only by changing the time integral of signaling and that duration and level are therefore interchangeable in this context. In a stem cell model for patterning of the human embryo, we showed that signaling histories predict the fate pattern and that the integral model correctly predicts changes in cell fate domains when signaling is perturbed. Using an RNA-seq screen we then found that mechanistically, BMP signaling is integrated by SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Teague
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gillian Primavera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily Freeburne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hina Khan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kyoung Jo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Craig Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for Cell Plasticity and Organ Design, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Nguyen RY, Cabral AT, Rossello-Martinez A, Zulli A, Gong X, Zhang Q, Yan J, Mak M. Tunable Mesoscopic Collagen Island Architectures Modulate Stem Cell Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207882. [PMID: 36895051 PMCID: PMC10166061 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is the biophysical environment that scaffolds mammalian cells in the body. The main constituent is collagen. In physiological tissues, collagen network topology is diverse with complex mesoscopic features. While studies have explored the roles of collagen density and stiffness, the impact of complex architectures remains not well-understood. Developing in vitro systems that recapitulate these diverse collagen architectures is critical for understanding physiologically relevant cell behaviors. Here, methods are developed to induce the formation of heterogeneous mesoscopic architectures, referred to as collagen islands, in collagen hydrogels. These island-containing gels have highly tunable inclusions and mechanical properties. Although these gels are globally soft, there is regional enrichment in the collagen concentration at the cell-scale. Collagen-island architectures are utilized to study mesenchymal stem cell behavior, and it is demonstrated that cell migration and osteogenic differentiation are altered. Finally, induced pluripotent stem cells are cultured in island-containing gels, and it is shown that the architecture is sufficient to induce mesodermal differentiation. Overall, this work highlights complex mesoscopic tissue architectures as bioactive cues in regulating cell behavior and presents a novel collagen-based hydrogel that captures these features for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Y. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aidan T. Cabral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Zulli
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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20
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De Kleijn KMA, Zuure WA, Straasheijm KR, Martens MB, Avramut MC, Koning RI, Martens GJM. Human cortical spheroids with a high diversity of innately developing brain cell types. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:50. [PMID: 36959625 PMCID: PMC10035191 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional (3D) human brain spheroids are instrumental to study central nervous system (CNS) development and (dys)function. Yet, in current brain spheroid models the limited variety of cell types hampers an integrated exploration of CNS (disease) mechanisms. METHODS Here we report a 5-month culture protocol that reproducibly generates H9 embryonic stem cell-derived human cortical spheroids (hCSs) with a large cell-type variety. RESULTS We established the presence of not only neuroectoderm-derived neural progenitor populations, mature excitatory and inhibitory neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte (precursor) cells, but also mesoderm-derived microglia and endothelial cell populations in the hCSs via RNA-sequencing, qPCR, immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Transcriptomic analysis revealed resemblance between the 5-months-old hCSs and dorsal frontal rather than inferior regions of human fetal brains of 19-26 weeks of gestational age. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of the generated hCSs induced a neuroinflammatory response, offering a proof-of-principle of the applicability of the spheroids. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provides a 3D human brain cell model containing a wide variety of innately developing neuroectoderm- as well as mesoderm-derived cell types, furnishing a versatile platform for comprehensive examination of intercellular CNS communication and neurological disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M A De Kleijn
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wieteke A Zuure
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M Cristina Avramut
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Mathews M, Wißfeld J, Flitsch LJ, Shahraz A, Semkova V, Breitkreuz Y, Neumann H, Brüstle O. Reenacting Neuroectodermal Exposure of Hematopoietic Progenitors Enables Scalable Production of Cryopreservable iPSC-Derived Human Microglia. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:455-474. [PMID: 35971018 PMCID: PMC9902330 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human microglia, as innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a central role in the pathogenesis of a large number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, experimental access to primary human microglia for biomedical applications such as disease modeling is extremely limited. While induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could provide an alternative source of microglia, the reenactment of their complex ontogenesis with a yolk sac origin and subsequent priming upon CNS invasion has remained a challenge. Here, we report a developmentally informed in vitro differentiation method for large-scale production and cryopreservation of iPSC-derived microglia (iPSdMiG). Specifically, iPSCs were propagated in conditions yielding both yolk sac hematopoietic derivatives and early neuroepithelial cells. To enable large-scale production, we implemented 3D bioreactor-based dynamic culture conditions and the use of novel mesh macrocarriers. Under these conditions, microglia could be harvested across a time period of at least 6 weeks, with 1 × 106 iPSCs giving rise to up to 45 × 106 iPSdMiG. The transcriptomic profile of iPSdMiG showed high similarity to adult human microglia, and harvested cells were immunopositive for typical microglial markers. In addition, iPSdMiG were able to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, engaged in phagocytotic activity, produced reactive oxygen species and lent themselves to co-culture studies in neural 2D and 3D systems. Importantly, iPSdMiG were efficiently cryopreserved, enabling the establishment of donor-specific microglia cell banks for disease modeling, drug discovery and eventually cell therapy. Main points. Scalable generation of iPSC-derived multi-lineage embryoid bodies on macrocarriers, reproducibly releasing microglia exhibiting characteristic markers and function. Cells are transcriptomically similar to primary human microglia and cryopreservable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mathews
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jannis Wißfeld
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Neural Regeneration Group, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lea Jessica Flitsch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anahita Shahraz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Neural Regeneration Group, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vesselina Semkova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yannik Breitkreuz
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald Neumann
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Neural Regeneration Group, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- LIFE & BRAIN GmbH, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty and University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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De Novo Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cellular Therapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020321. [PMID: 36672255 PMCID: PMC9857267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to manufacture human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the laboratory holds enormous promise for cellular therapy of human blood diseases. Several differentiation protocols have been developed to facilitate the emergence of HSCs from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Most approaches employ a stepwise addition of cytokines and morphogens to recapitulate the natural developmental process. However, these protocols globally lack clinical relevance and uniformly induce PSCs to produce hematopoietic progenitors with embryonic features and limited engraftment and differentiation capabilities. This review examines how key intrinsic cues and extrinsic environmental inputs have been integrated within human PSC differentiation protocols to enhance the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis and how advances in genomics set the stage for imminent breakthroughs in this field.
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23
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Ogawa E, Oguma Y, Kushida Y, Wakao S, Okawa K, Dezawa M. Naïve pluripotent-like characteristics of non-tumorigenic Muse cells isolated from human amniotic membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17222. [PMID: 36241699 PMCID: PMC9568515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are non-tumorigenic pluripotent-like stem cells that exhibit triploblastic differentiation and self-renewability at the single-cell level, and are collectable as pluripotent surface marker SSEA-3(+) from the bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues. SSEA-3(+) cells from human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were compared with hBM-Muse cells. Similar to hBM-Muse cells, hAMSC-SSEA-3(+) cells expressed pluripotency genes (OCT3/4, NANOG, and SOX2), differentiated into triploblastic cells from a single cell, self-renewed, and exhibited non-tumorigenicity. Notably, however, they exhibited unique characteristics not seen in hBM-Muse cells, including higher expression of genes related to germline- and extraembryonic cell-lineages compared with those in hBM-Muse cells in single-cell RNA-sequencing; and enhanced expression of markers relevant to germline- (PRDM14, TFAP2C, and NANOS3) and extraembryonic cell- (CDX2, GCM1, and ID2) lineages when induced by cytokine subsets, suggesting a broader differentiation potential similar to naïve pluripotent stem cells. t-SNE dimensionality reduction and Gene ontology analysis visualized hAMSC-SSEA-3(+) cells comprised a large undifferentiated subpopulation between epithelial- and mesenchymal-cell states and a small mesenchymal subpopulation expressing genes relevant to the placental formation. The AM is easily accessible by noninvasive approaches. These unique cells are a potentially interesting target naïve pluripotent stem cell-like resource without tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Ogawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yo Oguma
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kana Okawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
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24
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A systematic characterization of microglia-like cell occurrence during retinal organoid differentiation. iScience 2022; 25:104580. [PMID: 35789843 PMCID: PMC9250027 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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25
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Hamad S, Derichsweiler D, Gaspar JA, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Pfannkuche KP. High-efficient serum-free differentiation of endothelial cells from human iPS cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:251. [PMID: 35690874 PMCID: PMC9188069 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner lining of all blood vessels of the body play important roles in vascular tone regulation, hormone secretion, anticoagulation, regulation of blood cell adhesion and immune cell extravasation. Limitless ECs sources are required to further in vitro investigations of ECs’ physiology and pathophysiology as well as for tissue engineering approaches. Ideally, the differentiation protocol avoids animal-derived components such as fetal serum and yields ECs at efficiencies that make further sorting obsolete for most applications.
Method Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are cultured under serum-free conditions and induced into mesodermal progenitor cells via stimulation of Wnt signaling for 24 h. Mesodermal progenitor cells are further differentiated into ECs by utilizing a combination of human vascular endothelial growth factor A165 (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 8-Bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt monohydrate (8Bro) and melatonin (Mel) for 48 h.
Result This combination generates hiPSC derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) at a fraction of 90.9 ± 1.5% and is easily transferable from the two-dimensional (2D) monolayer into three-dimensional (3D) scalable bioreactor suspension cultures. hiPSC-ECs are positive for CD31, VE-Cadherin, von Willebrand factor and CD34. Furthermore, the majority of hiPSC-ECs express the vascular endothelial marker CD184 (CXCR4).
Conclusion The differentiation method presented here generates hiPSC-ECs in only 6 days, without addition of animal sera and at high efficiency, hence providing a scalable source of hiPSC-ECs.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02924-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarkawt Hamad
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Soran University, Kurdistan Region, Soran, Iraq
| | - Daniel Derichsweiler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - John Antonydas Gaspar
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Konrad Brockmeier
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurt Paul Pfannkuche
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Robert Koch Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Marga-and-Walter-Boll Laboratory for Cardiac Tissue Engineering, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Feeding role of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells is influenced by genetic background, cell passage and day of isolation. ZYGOTE 2022; 30:550-560. [PMID: 35485762 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199421000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells are commonly used as feeder cells to maintain the pluripotent state of stem cells. MEFs produce growth factors and provide adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds for cellular binding. In the present study, we compared the expression levels of Fgf2, Bmp4, ActivinA, Lif and Tgfb1 genes at the mRNA level and the level of Fgf2 protein secretion and Lif cytokine secretion at passages one, three and five of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos of NMRI and C57BL/6 mice using real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed differences in the expression levels of the studied genes and secretion of the two growth factors in the three passages of MEFs isolated from 13.5-day-old and 15.5-day-old embryos, respectively. These differences were also observed between the NMRI and C57BL/6 strains. The results of this study suggested that researchers should use mice embryos that have different genetic backgrounds and ages, in addition to different MEF passages, when producing MEFs based on the application and type of their study.
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27
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Li M, Gong J, Gao L, Zou T, Kang J, Xu H. Advanced human developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment using human organoid models. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 235:113429. [PMID: 35325609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in the field of toxicology leading to the advance of developmental toxicity assessment. Conventional animal models and in vitro two-dimensional models cannot accurately describe toxic effects and predict actual in vivo responses due to obvious inter-species differences between humans and animals, as well as the lack of a physiologically relevant tissue microenvironment. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived three-dimensional organoids are ideal complex and multicellular organotypic models, which are indispensable in recapitulating morphogenesis, cellular interactions, and molecular processes of early human organ development. Recently, human organoids have been used for drug discovery, chemical toxicity and safety in vitro assessment. This review discusses the recent advances in the use of human organoid models, (i.e., brain, retinal, cardiac, liver, kidney, lung, and intestinal organoid models) for developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment of distinct tissues/organs following exposure to pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, nanomaterials, and ambient air pollutants. Combining next-generation organoid models with innovative engineering technologies generates novel and powerful tools for developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment, and the rapid progress in this field is expected to continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lixiong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiahui Kang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
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28
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Jamalpoor A, Hartvelt S, Dimopoulou M, Zwetsloot T, Brandsma I, Racz PI, Osterlund T, Hendriks G. A novel human stem cell-based biomarker assay for in vitro assessment of developmental toxicity. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:1210-1228. [PMID: 35289129 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing for developmental toxicity according to the current regulatory guidelines requires large numbers of animals, making these tests very resource intensive, time-consuming, and ethically debatable. Over the past decades, several alternative in vitro assays have been developed, but these often suffered from low predictability and the inability to provide a mechanistic understanding of developmental toxicity. METHODS To identify embryotoxic compounds, we developed a human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-based biomarker assay. The assay is based on the differentiation of hiPSCs into functional cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Proper stem cell differentiation is investigated by morphological profiling and assessment of time-dependent expression patterns of cell-specific biomarkers. In this system, a decrease in the expression of the biomarker genes and morphology disruption of the differentiated cells following compound treatment indicated teratogenicity. RESULTS The hiPSCs-based biomarker assay was validated with 21 well-established in vivo animal teratogenic and non-teratogenic compounds during cardiomyocyte and hepatocyte differentiation. The in vivo teratogenic compounds (e.g., thalidomide and valproic acid) markedly disrupted morphology, functionality, and the expression pattern of the biomarker genes in either one or both cell types. Non-teratogenic chemicals generally had no effect on the morphology of differentiated cells, nor on the expression of the biomarker genes. Compared to the in vivo classification, the assay achieved high accuracy (91%), sensitivity (91%), and specificity (90%). CONCLUSION The assay, which we named ReproTracker®, is a state-of-the-art in vitro method that can identify the teratogenicity potential of new pharmaceuticals and chemicals and signify the outcome of in vivo test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Hartvelt
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Myrto Dimopoulou
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Zwetsloot
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Racz
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Osterlund
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Hendriks
- Toxys B.V., Leiden Bio Science Park, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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29
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Yamasaki S, Kuwahara A, Kishino A, Kimura T, Takahashi M, Mandai M. Addition of Chk1 inhibitor and BMP4 cooperatively promotes retinal tissue formation in self-organizing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation culture. Regen Ther 2022; 19:24-34. [PMID: 35059477 PMCID: PMC8733178 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The BMP signaling pathway plays a key role in growth, differentiation and patterning during neural development. Recent work on the generation of a self-organization of three-dimensional retinal organoid (3D-retina) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) revealed that addition of recombinant human BMP4 (rhBMP4) promotes retinal differentiation in the early neural differentiation stage. For clinical application, efficient differentiation from hPSCs to retinal cells with minimal numbers of off-target non-retinal cells is desirable. We therefore aimed to further improve an efficient retinal differentiation method for future up-scaling of cell production. Methods hPSCs were differentiated into 3D-retina using a modified SFEBq method. The effect of rhBMP4 with or without Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor (PD407824), a modulator of BMP signaling pathway, at day 3 was compared by characterizing the differentiating 3D-retina by the use of the hPSCs and immunohistochemical analysis. Results The Chk1 inhibitor treatment promoted retinal differentiation from hPSCs, in combination with low-concentration rhBMP4. Addition of a Chk1 inhibitor generated a unique type of organoid with neural retina (NR) encapsulated in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), possibly by promoting phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9 in the cells inside the early aggregates. We confirmed that the Chk1-inhibitor-treated hPSC-3D-retina differentiated into rod and cone photoreceptor precursors and other types of retinal neurons, in long-term culture. Conclusions In this study, we found that combined use of rhBMP4 and a Chk1 inhibitor cooperatively promoted retinal differentiation from hPSCs. Our new retinal differentiation method is a promising option for the stable supply and up-scaling of production of 3D-retina for future cell therapy. Chk1 inhibitor cooperates with low-concentration rhBMP4 to promote hPSC-retinal differentiation. Combined rhBMP4 and Chk1 inhibitor treatment generated NR-RPE organoids with NR tissue encapsulated in RPE. In long-term culture, the Chk1 inhibitor-treated 3D-retina produces rod and cone photoreceptor precursors and other types of retinal neurons.
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Mennen RH, Oldenburger MM, Piersma AH. Endoderm and mesoderm derivatives in embryonic stem cell differentiation and their use in developmental toxicity testing. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 107:44-59. [PMID: 34861400 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell differentiation models have increasingly been applied in non-animal test systems for developmental toxicity. After the initial focus on cardiac differentiation, attention has also included an array of neuro-ectodermal differentiation routes. Alternative differentiation routes in the mesodermal and endodermal germ lines have received less attention. This review provides an inventory of achievements in the latter areas of embryonic stem cell differentiation, with a view to possibilities for their use in non-animal test systems in developmental toxicology. This includes murine and human stem cell differentiation models, and also gains information from the field of stem cell use in regenerative medicine. Endodermal stem cell derivatives produced in vitro include hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, lung epithelium, and intestinal epithelium, and mesodermal derivatives include cardiac muscle, osteogenic, vascular and hemopoietic cells. This inventory provides an overview of studies on the different cell types together with biomarkers and culture conditions that stimulate these differentiation routes from embryonic stem cells. These models may be used to expand the spectrum of embryonic stem cell based new approach methodologies in non-animal developmental toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Mennen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | | - A H Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Magro-Lopez E, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. The Role of BMP Signaling in Female Reproductive System Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11927. [PMID: 34769360 PMCID: PMC8584982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of multifunctional growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Originally identified by their ability to induce bone formation, they are now known as essential signaling molecules that regulate the development and function of the female reproductive system (FRS). Several BMPs play key roles in aspects of reproductive system development. BMPs have also been described to be involved in the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into reproductive system tissues or organoids. The role of BMPs in the reproductive system is still poorly understood and the use of FRS tissue or organoids generated from hPSCs would provide a powerful tool for the study of FRS development and the generation of new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of FRS diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about BMP signaling in FRS development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Magro-Lopez
- Section Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Section Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Lim J, Sakai E, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. miR-27b antagonizes BMP signaling in early differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19820. [PMID: 34615950 PMCID: PMC8494899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells are feasible materials for studying the biological mechanisms underlying human embryogenesis. In early embryogenesis, definitive endoderm and mesoderm are differentiated from their common precursor, mesendoderm. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is responsible for regulating mesendoderm and mesoderm formation. Micro RNAs (miRNAs), short non-coding RNAs, broadly regulate biological processes via post-transcriptional repression. The expression of miR-27b, which is enriched in somatic cells, has been reported to increase through definitive endoderm and hepatic differentiation, but little is known about how miR-27b acts during early differentiation. Here, we used miR-27b-inducible hiPS cells to investigate the roles of miR-27b in the undifferentiated and early-differentiated stages. In undifferentiated hiPS cells, miR-27b suppressed the expression of pluripotency markers [alkaline phosphatase (AP) and nanog homeobox (NANOG)] and cell proliferation. Once differentiation began, miR-27b expression repressed phosphorylated SMAD1/5, the mediators of the BMP signaling, throughout definitive endoderm differentiation. Consistent with the above findings, miR-27b overexpression downregulated BMP-induced mesendodermal marker genes [Brachyury, mix paired-like homeobox 1 (MIXL1) and eomesodermin (EOMES)], suggesting that miR-27b had an inhibitory effect on early differentiation. Collectively, our findings revealed a novel antagonistic role of miR-27b in the BMP signaling pathway in the early differentiation of hiPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Lim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito, Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan. .,The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Role of TGFβ1 and WNT6 in FGF2 and BMP4-driven endothelial differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:113-128. [PMID: 34478025 PMCID: PMC8813801 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ES) are a valuable source of endothelial cells. By co-culturing ES cells with the stromal PA6 cells, the endothelial commitment can be achieved by adding exogenous FGF2 or BMP4. In this work, the molecular pathways that direct the differentiation of ES cells toward endothelium in response to FGF2 are evaluated and compared to those activated by BMP4. To this purpose the genes expression profiles of both ES/PA6 co-cultures and of pure cultures of PA6 cells were obtained by microarray technique at different time points. The bioinformatics processing of the data indicated TGFβ1 as the most represented upstream regulator in FGF2-induced endothelial commitment while WNT pathway as the most represented in BMP4-activated endothelial differentiation. Loss of function experiments were performed to validate the importance of TGFβ1 and WNT6 respectively in FGF2 and BMP4-induced endothelial differentiation. The loss of TGFβ1 expression significantly impaired the accomplishment of the endothelial commitment unless exogenous recombinant TGFβ1 was added to the culture medium. Similarly, silencing WNT6 expression partially affected the endothelial differentiation of the ES cells upon BMP4 stimulation. Such dysfunction was recovered by the addition of recombinant WNT6 to the culture medium. The ES/PA6 co-culture system recreates an in vitro complete microenvironment in which endothelial commitment is accomplished in response to alternative signals through different mechanisms. Given the importance of WNT and TGFβ1 in mediating the crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells this work adds new insights in the mechanism of tumor angiogenesis and of its possible inhibition.
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Fidanza A, Forrester LM. Progress in the production of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 13:100050. [PMID: 34405125 PMCID: PMC8350141 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2021.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell therapies are currently used to treat many haematological diseases. These treatments range from the long-term reconstitution of the entire haematopoietic system using the most potent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to the short-term rescue with mature functional end cells such as oxygen-carrying red blood cells and cells of the immune system that can fight infection and repair tissue. Limitations in supply and the risk of transmitting infection has prompted the design of protocols to produce some of these cell types from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although it has proven challenging to generate the most potent HSCs directly from hPSCs, significant progress has been made in the development of differentiation protocols that can successfully produce haematopoietic progenitor cells and most of the mature cell lineages. We review the key steps used in the production of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from hPSCs and the cell surface markers and reporter strategies that have been used to define specific transitions. Most studies have relied on the use of known markers that define HSPC production in vivo but more recently single cell RNA sequencing has allowed a less biased approach to their characterisation. Transcriptional profiling has identified new markers for naïve and committed hPSC-derived HSPC populations and trajectory analyses has provided novel insights into their lineage potential. Direct comparison of in vitro- and in vivo-derived RNA single cell sequencing datasets has highlights similarities and differences between the two systems and this deeper understanding will be key to the design and the tracking of improved and more efficient differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lesley M Forrester
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
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Krisch L, Brachtl G, Hochmann S, Andrade AC, Oeller M, Ebner-Peking P, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Improving Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8224. [PMID: 34360992 PMCID: PMC8348107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several protocols exist for generating megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with limited efficiency. We observed previously that mesoderm induction improved endothelial and stromal differentiation. We, therefore, hypothesized that a protocol modification prior to hemogenic endothelial cell (HEC) differentiation will improve MK progenitor (MKP) production and increase platelet output. We further asked if basic media composition affects MK maturation. In an iterative process, we first compared two HEC induction protocols. We found significantly more HECs using the modified protocol including activin A and CHIR99021, resulting in significantly increased MKs. MKs released comparable platelet amounts irrespective of media conditions. In a final validation phase, we obtained five-fold more platelets per hiPSC with the modified protocol (235 ± 84) compared to standard conditions (51 ± 15; p < 0.0001). The regenerative potency of hiPSC-derived platelets was compared to adult donor-derived platelets by profiling angiogenesis-related protein expression. Nineteen of 24 angiogenesis-related proteins were expressed equally, lower or higher in hiPSC-derived compared to adult platelets. The hiPSC-platelet's coagulation hyporeactivity compared to adult platelets was confirmed by thromboelastometry. Further stepwise improvement of hiPSC-platelet production will, thus, permit better identification of platelet-mediated regenerative mechanisms and facilitate manufacture of sufficient amounts of functional platelets for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Krisch
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriele Brachtl
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - André Cronemberger Andrade
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and SCI-TReCS, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.O.); (K.S.)
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (G.B.); (S.H.); (A.C.A.); (P.E.-P.)
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Arcuri S, Pennarossa G, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Generation of Trophoblast-Like Cells From Hypomethylated Porcine Adult Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:706106. [PMID: 34350230 PMCID: PMC8326560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.706106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first differentiation event in mammalian embryos is the formation of the trophectoderm, which is the progenitor of the outer epithelial components of the placenta, and which supports the fetus during the intrauterine life. However, the epigenetic and paracrine controls at work in trophectoderm differentiation are still to be fully elucidated and the creation of dedicated in vitro models is desirable to increase our understanding. Here we propose a novel approach based on the epigenetic conversion of adult dermal fibroblasts into trophoblast-like cells. The method combines the use of epigenetic erasing with an ad hoc differentiation protocol. Dermal fibroblasts are erased with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) that confers cells a transient high plasticity state. They are then readdressed toward the trophoblast (TR) phenotype, using MEF conditioned medium, supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal and FGF2 signaling pathways in low O2 conditions. The method here described allows the generation of TR-like cells from easily accessible material, such as dermal fibroblasts, that are very simply propagated in vitro. Furthermore, the strategy proposed is free of genetic modifications that make cells prone to instability and transformation. The TR model obtained may also find useful application in order to better characterize embryo implantation mechanisms and developmental disorders based on TR defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lyadova I, Gerasimova T, Nenasheva T. Macrophages Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Diversity of Protocols, Future Prospects, and Outstanding Questions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640703. [PMID: 34150747 PMCID: PMC8207294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMphs) represent a novel and promising model for studying human Mφ function and differentiation and developing new therapeutic strategies based on or oriented at Mφs. iMphs have several advantages over the traditionally used human Mφ models, such as immortalized cell lines and monocyte-derived Mφs. The advantages include the possibility of obtaining genetically identical and editable cells in a potentially scalable way. Various applications of iMphs are being developed, and their number is rapidly growing. However, the protocols of iMph differentiation that are currently used vary substantially, which may lead to differences in iMph differentiation trajectories and properties. Standardization of the protocols and identification of minimum required conditions that would allow obtaining iMphs in a large-scale, inexpensive, and clinically suitable mode are needed for future iMph applications. As a first step in this direction, the current review discusses the fundamental basis for the generation of human iMphs, performs a detailed analysis of the generalities and the differences between iMph differentiation protocols currently employed, and discusses the prospects of iMph applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Modeling preeclampsia using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5877. [PMID: 33723311 PMCID: PMC7961010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder, affecting up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide. The primary etiology is considered to be abnormal development and function of placental cells called trophoblasts. We previously developed a two-step protocol for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, first into cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitor-like cells, and then into both syncytiotrophoblast (STB)- and extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-like cells, and showed that it can model both normal and abnormal trophoblast differentiation. We have now applied this protocol to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) derived from placentas of pregnancies with or without PE. While there were no differences in CTB induction or EVT formation, PE-iPSC-derived trophoblast showed a defect in syncytialization, as well as a blunted response to hypoxia. RNAseq analysis showed defects in STB formation and response to hypoxia; however, DNA methylation changes were minimal, corresponding only to changes in response to hypoxia. Overall, PE-iPSC recapitulated multiple defects associated with placental dysfunction, including a lack of response to decreased oxygen tension. This emphasizes the importance of the maternal microenvironment in normal placentation, and highlights potential pathways that can be targeted for diagnosis or therapy, while absence of marked DNA methylation changes suggests that other regulatory mechanisms mediate these alterations.
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Papadopoulos A, Chalmantzi V, Hyvönen M, Stellas D, Syrrou M, Fotsis T, Murphy C. Supporting data on combined transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of BMP4 signaling in human embryonic stem cells. Data Brief 2021; 35:106844. [PMID: 33644271 PMCID: PMC7893420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells exhibit great potential as a therapeutic tool in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and trilineage differentiation capacity. Maintaining this unique cellular state has been shown to rely primarily on the Activin A / TGFβ signaling pathway. While most conventional culture media are supplemented with TGFβ, in the current study we utilize a modified version of the commercially available mTeSR1, substituting TGFβ for Activin A in order to preserve pluripotency. (1) Cells cultured in ActA-mTesR express pluripotency factors NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 at comparable levels with cells cultured in TGFβ-mTeSR. (2) ActA-mTeSR cultured cells retain a physiological karyotype. (3) Cells in ActA-mTeSR maintain their trilineage differentiation capacity as shown in the teratoma formation assay. This system can be used to dissect the role of Activin A, downstream effectors and signaling cascades in human embryonic stem cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papadopoulos
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Varvara Chalmantzi
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marika Syrrou
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodore Fotsis
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Carol Murphy
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, University Campus of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Corresponding author.@Fotsis-Murphy
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Xu X, Du Y, Ma L, Zhang S, Shi L, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Hui Y, Liu Y, Fang Y, Fan B, Liu Z, Li N, Zhou S, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhang X. Mapping germ-layer specification preventing genes in hPSCs via genome-scale CRISPR screening. iScience 2021; 24:101926. [PMID: 33385119 PMCID: PMC7772566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the biological processes that determine the entry of three germ layers of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is a central question in developmental and stem cell biology. Here, we genetically engineered hPSCs with the germ layer reporter and inducible CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system, and a genome-scale screening was performed to define pathways restricting germ layer specification. Genes clustered in the key biological processes, including embryonic development, mRNA processing, metabolism, and epigenetic regulation, were centered in the governance of pluripotency and lineage development. Other than typical pluripotent transcription factors and signaling molecules, loss of function of mesendodermal specifiers resulted in advanced neuroectodermal differentiation, given their inter-germ layer antagonizing effect. Regarding the epigenetic superfamily, microRNAs enriched in hPSCs showed clear germ layer-targeting specificity. The cholesterol synthesis pathway maintained hPSCs via retardation of neuroectoderm specification. Thus, in this study, we identified a full landscape of genetic wiring and biological processes that control hPSC self-renewal and trilineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Key Laboratory of Reconstruction and Regeneration of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai 200120, China
- Brain and Spinal Cord Clinical Research Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hildebrandt S, Kampfrath B, Fischer K, Hildebrand L, Haupt J, Stachelscheid H, Knaus P. ActivinA Induced SMAD1/5 Signaling in an iPSC Derived EC Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) Can Be Rescued by the Drug Candidate Saracatinib. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1039-1052. [PMID: 33410098 PMCID: PMC8166717 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Balanced signal transduction is crucial in tissue patterning, particularly in the vasculature. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is tightly linked to vascularization with increased vessel number in hereditary forms of HO, such as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). FOP is caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 leading to aberrant SMAD1/5 signaling in response to ActivinA. Whether observed vascular phenotype in human FOP lesions is connected to aberrant ActivinA signaling is unknown. Blocking of ActivinA prevents HO in FOP mice indicating a central role of the ligand in FOP. Here, we established a new FOP endothelial cell model generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iECs) to study ActivinA signaling. FOP iECs recapitulate pathogenic ActivinA/SMAD1/5 signaling. Whole transcriptome analysis identified ActivinA mediated activation of the BMP/NOTCH pathway exclusively in FOP iECs, which was rescued to WT transcriptional levels by the drug candidate Saracatinib. We propose that ActivinA causes transcriptional pre-patterning of the FOP endothelium, which might contribute to differential vascularity in FOP lesions compared to non-hereditary HO. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hildebrandt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Branka Kampfrath
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Fischer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Hildebrand
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Haupt
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Stachelscheid
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Stem Cell Core Facility, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Föhrer Str. 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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42
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Ashok P, Parikh A, Du C, Tzanakakis ES. Xenogeneic-Free System for Biomanufacturing of Cardiomyocyte Progeny From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:571425. [PMID: 33195131 PMCID: PMC7644809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.571425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional heart cells and tissues sourced from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have great potential for substantially advancing treatments of cardiovascular maladies. Realization of this potential will require the development of cost-effective and tunable bioprocesses for manufacturing hPSC-based cell therapeutics. Here, we report the development of a xeno-free platform for guiding the cardiogenic commitment of hPSCs. The system is based on a fully defined, open-source formulation without complex supplements, which have varied and often undetermined effects on stem cell physiology. The formulation was used to systematically investigate factors inducing the efficient commitment to cardiac mesoderm of three hPSC lines. Contractile clusters of cells appeared within a week of differentiation in planar cultures and by day 13 over 80% of the cells expressed cardiac progeny markers such as TNNT2. In conjunction with expansion, this differentiation strategy was employed in stirred-suspension cultures of hPSCs. Scalable differentiation resulted in 0.4-2 million CMs/ml or ∼5-20 TNNT2-positive cells per seeded hPSC without further enrichment. Our findings will contribute to the engineering of bioprocesses advancing the manufacturing of stem cell-based therapeutics for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ashok
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | | | - Chuang Du
- Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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43
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Sahu S, Sharan SK. Translating Embryogenesis to Generate Organoids: Novel Approaches to Personalized Medicine. iScience 2020; 23:101485. [PMID: 32864586 PMCID: PMC7441954 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The astounding capacity of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to differentiate and self-organize has revolutionized the development of 3D cell culture models. The major advantage is its ability to mimic in vivo microenvironments and cellular interactions when compared with the classical 2D cell culture models. Recent innovations in generating embryo-like structures (including blastoids and gastruloids) from PSCs have advanced the experimental accessibility to understand embryogenesis with immense potential to model human development. Taking cues on how embryonic development leads to organogenesis, PSCs can also be directly differentiated to form mini-organs or organoids of a particular lineage. Organoids have opened new avenues to augment our understanding of stem cell and regenerative biology, tissue homeostasis, and disease mechanisms. In this review, we provide insights from developmental biology with a comprehensive resource of signaling pathways that in a coordinated manner form embryo-like structures and organoids. Moreover, the advent of assembloids and multilineage organoids from PSCs opens a new dimension to study paracrine function and multi-tissue interactions in vitro. Although this led to an avalanche of enthusiasm to utilize organoids for organ transplantation studies, we examine the current limitations and provide perspectives to improve reproducibility, scalability, functional complexity, and cell-type characterization. Taken together, these 3D in vitro organ-specific and patient-specific models hold great promise for drug discovery, clinical management, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sounak Sahu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-04, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shyam K. Sharan
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 560, Room 32-33, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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44
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Abstract
Derivation of induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state has revolutionized stem cell research. Ensuing this, various groups have used genetic and non-genetic approaches to generate iPSCs from numerous cell types. However, achieving a pluripotent state in most of the reprogramming studies is marred by serious limitations such as low reprogramming efficiency and slow kinetics. These limitations are mainly due to the presence of potent barriers that exist during reprogramming when a mature cell is coaxed to achieve a pluripotent state. Several studies have revealed that intrinsic factors such as non-optimal stoichiometry of reprogramming factors, specific signaling pathways, cellular senescence, pluripotency-inhibiting transcription factors and microRNAs act as a roadblock. In addition, the epigenetic state of somatic cells and specific epigenetic modifications that occur during reprogramming also remarkably impede the generation of iPSCs. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the barriers that inhibit reprogramming and the understanding of which will pave the way to develop safe strategies for efficient reprogramming.
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45
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Wei R, Lv J, Li X, Li Y, Xu Q, Jin J, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Derivation of endothelial cells from porcine induced pluripotent stem cells by optimized single layer culture system. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e9. [PMID: 31940688 PMCID: PMC7000895 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy holds great promise in the development of cures of some untreatable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including induced PSCs (iPSCs) are the most important regenerative seed cells. Recently, differentiation of human PSCs into functional tissues and cells in vitro has been widely reported. However, although porcine reports are rare they are quite essential, as the pig is an important animal model for the in vitro generation of human organs. In this study, we reprogramed porcine embryonic fibroblasts into porcine iPSCs (piPSCs), and differentiated them into cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31)-positive endothelial cells (ECs) (piPSC-derived ECs, piPS-ECs) using an optimized single-layer culture method. During differentiation, we observed that a combination of GSK3β inhibitor (CHIR99021) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoted mesodermal differentiation, resulting in higher proportions of CD31-positive cells than those from separate CHIR99021 or BMP4 treatment. Importantly, the piPS-ECs showed comparable morphological and functional properties to immortalized porcine aortic ECs, which are capable of taking up low-density lipoprotein and forming network structures on Matrigel. Our study, which is the first trial on a species other than human and mouse, has provided an optimized single-layer culture method for obtaining ECs from porcine PSCs. Our approach can be beneficial when evaluating autologous EC transplantation in pig models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyue Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Junxue Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zhang M, Shi J, Xie M, Wen J, Niibe K, Zhang X, Luo J, Yan R, Zhang Z, Egusa H, Jiang X. Recapitulation of cartilage/bone formation using iPSCs via biomimetic 3D rotary culture approach for developmental engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 260:120334. [PMID: 32862124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recapitulation of cartilage/bone formation via guiding induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation toward chondrogenic mesoderm lineage is an ideal approach to investigate cartilage/bone development and also for cartilage/bone regeneration. However, current induction protocols are time-consuming and complicated to follow. Here, we established a rapid and efficient approach that directly induce iPSCs differentiation toward chondrogenic mesoderm lineage by regulating the crucial Bmp-4 and FGF-2 signaling pathways using a 3D rotary suspension culture system. The mechanical stimulation from 3D rotary suspension accelerates iPSCs differentiation toward mesodermal and subsequent chondrogenic lineage via the Bmp-4-Smad1 and Tgf-β-Smad2/3 signaling pathways, respectively. The scaffold-free homogenous cartilaginous pellets or hypertrophic cartilaginous pellets derived from iPSCs within 28 days were capable of articular cartilage regeneration or vascularized bone regeneration via endochondral ossification in vivo, respectively. This biomimetic culture approach will contribute to research related to cartilage/bone development, regeneration, and hence to therapeutic applications in cartilage-/bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Kunimichi Niibe
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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47
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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48
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Hosseini Farahabadi SS, Ghaedi K, Shoaraye-Nejati A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Full small molecule conversion of human fibroblasts to neuroectodermal cells via a cocktail of Dorsomorphin and Trichostatin A. Regen Ther 2020; 15:44-52. [PMID: 33426201 PMCID: PMC7770348 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A revolutionary new approach to produce efficient cells is to induce transdifferentiation to make it conventional in therapeutic strategies. In this paper, we describe a brief cocktail of small molecules including Dorsomorphin (DSM) and Trichostatin A (TSA) to produce safe neuroectodermal cells as a resource to produce various types of nervous system cells for a safe cytotherapy. Furthermore, in order to optimize this strategy, we implemented a cocktail of neurotrophic factors to enhance the viability of the cell. This modification was accompanied by pretreatment of the culture dishes with a combination of poly-l-ornithine and laminin and fibronectin. In order to decrease the length of protocol and transdifferentiation variation concomitantly, TSA was utilized as an epigenetic modulator. Finally, this improved protocol mediated neuroectodermal conversion of human fibroblasts within 12 days with an average efficiency of 24%, promising a fast strategy to produce neuroectodermal cells applicable for therapeutic purposes in neural damages. Here we induce neural cells by a cocktail consists of two small molecules of DSM and TSA. Our protocol is a 12 day protocol with the efficiency of 24% which is a more efficient one in comparison to previous protocols inducing neural cells. Consequently, our protocol shortens the path of in vitro and preclinical studies in the field of neural conversion and neuroregeneration. Full small molecule conversion of human fibroblasts to neuroectodermal cells became feasible. Application of only 2 small molecules made this conversion possible. A 12 day protocol with average efficiency of 24% promises a fast strategy to produce converted human neuroectodermal cells for cytotherapy goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sadat Hosseini Farahabadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Shoaraye-Nejati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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49
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Mishra P, Cohen RI, Zhao N, Moghe PV. Fluorescence-based actin turnover dynamics of stem cells as a profiling method for stem cell functional evolution, heterogeneity and phenotypic lineage parsing. Methods 2020; 190:44-54. [PMID: 32473293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are widely explored in regenerative medicine as a source to produce diverse cell types. Despite the wide usage of stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), there is a lack of robust methods to rapidly discern the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of stem cells. The organization of actin cytoskeleton has been previously used to discern divergent stem cell differentiation pathways. In this paper, we highlight the versatility of a cell profiling method for actin turnover dynamics. Actin filaments in live stem cells are labeled using SiR-actin, a cell permeable fluorogenic probe, to determine the endogenous actin turnover. Live MSC imaging after days of induction successfully demonstrated lineage specific change in actin turnover. Next, we highlighted the differences in the cellular heterogeneity of actin dynamics during adipogenic or osteogenic MSC differentiation. Next, we applied the method to differentiating iPSCs in culture, and detected a progressive slowdown in actin turnover during differentiation upon stimulation with neural or cardiac media. Finally, as a proof of concept, the actin dynamic profiling was used to isolate MSCs via flow cytometry prior to sorting into three distinct sub-populations with low, intermediate or high actin dynamics. A greater fraction of MSCs with more rapid actin dynamics demonstrated increased inclination for adipogenesis, whereas, slower actin dynamics correlated with increased osteogenesis. Together, these results show that actin turnover can serve as a versatile biomarker to not only track cellular phenotypic heterogeneity but also harvest live cells with potential for differential phenotypic fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Mishra
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ricky I Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Kim E, Wu F, Wu X, Choo HJ. Generation of craniofacial myogenic progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2020; 248:119995. [PMID: 32283390 PMCID: PMC7232788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial skeletal muscle is composed of approximately 60 muscles, which have critical functions including food uptake, eye movements and facial expressions. Although craniofacial muscles have significantly different embryonic origin, most current skeletal muscle differentiation protocols using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are based on somite-derived limb and trunk muscle developmental pathways. Since the lack of a protocol for craniofacial muscles is a significant gap in the iPSC-derived muscle field, we have developed an optimized protocol to generate craniofacial myogenic precursor cells (cMPCs) from human iPSCs by mimicking key signaling pathways during craniofacial embryonic myogenesis. At each different stage, human iPSC-derived cMPCs mirror the transcription factor expression profiles seen in their counterparts during embryo development. After the bi-potential cranial pharyngeal mesoderm is established, cells are committed to cranial skeletal muscle lineages with inhibition of cardiac lineages and are purified by flow cytometry. Furthermore, identities of Ipsc-derived cMPCs are verified with human primary myoblasts from craniofacial muscles using RNA sequencing. These data suggest that our new method could provide not only in vitro research tools to study muscle specificity of muscular dystrophy but also abundant and reliable cellular resources for tissue engineering to support craniofacial reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xuewen Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hyojung J Choo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medcine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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