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Aldersey JE, Lange MD, Beck BH, Abernathy JW. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of channel catfish spleen provides insight into the immunome of an aquaculture-relevant species. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309397. [PMID: 39325796 PMCID: PMC11426453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The catfish industry is the largest sector of U.S. aquaculture production. Given its role in food production, the catfish immune response to industry-relevant pathogens has been extensively studied and has provided crucial information on innate and adaptive immune function during disease progression. To further examine the channel catfish immune system, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on nuclei isolated from whole spleens, a major lymphoid organ in teleost fish. Libraries were prepared using the 10X Genomics Chromium X with the Next GEM Single Cell 3' reagents and sequenced on an Illumina sequencer. Each demultiplexed sample was aligned to the Coco_2.0 channel catfish reference assembly, filtered, and counted to generate feature-barcode matrices. From whole spleen samples, outputs were analyzed both individually and as an integrated dataset. The three splenic transcriptome libraries generated an average of 278,717,872 reads from a mean 8,157 cells. The integrated data included 19,613 cells, counts for 20,121 genes, with a median 665 genes/cell. Cluster analysis of all cells identified 17 clusters which were classified as erythroid, hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, T cells, myeloid cells, and endothelial cells. Subcluster analysis was carried out on the immune cell populations. Here, distinct subclusters such as immature B cells, mature B cells, plasma cells, γδ T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages were further identified. Differential gene expression analyses allowed for the identification of the most highly expressed genes for each cluster and subcluster. This dataset is a rich cellular gene expression resource for investigation of the channel catfish and teleost splenic immunome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Aldersey
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Agricultural Research Service Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Miles D. Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Benjamin H. Beck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Abernathy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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2
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Li C, Lin X, Su J. HSP90B1 regulates autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, mediating HNSC biological behaviors. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17028. [PMID: 38590708 PMCID: PMC11000640 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, a crucial cellular mechanism, facilitates the degradation and removal of misfolded proteins and impaired organelles. Recent research has increasingly highlighted the intimate connection between autophagy and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the context of tumor development. However, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 (HSP90B1) in modulating autophagy within head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain elusive. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression in HNSC cell lines and tissues. The relationship between HSP90B1 and clinicopathologic features was explored based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data and IHC results. The biological functions of HSP90B1 were analyzed through in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy. The mechanisms of HSP90B1 were studied using bioinformatics and WB. Results HSP90B1 was upregulated in HNSC cells and tissues. High HSP90B1 levels were associated with T-stage, M-stage, clinical stage, and poor prognosis in HNSC patients. Functionally, HSP90B1 promotes HNSC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibits apoptosis. We discovered that HSP90B1 obstructs autophagy and advances HNSC progression through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that HSP90B1 is highly expressed in HNSC. Furthermore, HSP90B1 may regulate autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, mediating HNSC cell biological behaviors. These provide new insights into potential biomarkers and targets for HNSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Kendirli A, de la Rosa C, Lämmle KF, Eglseer K, Bauer IJ, Kavaka V, Winklmeier S, Zhuo L, Wichmann C, Gerdes LA, Kümpfel T, Dornmair K, Beltrán E, Kerschensteiner M, Kawakami N. A genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies essential regulators of T cell migration to the CNS in a multiple sclerosis model. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1713-1725. [PMID: 37709997 PMCID: PMC10545543 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the infiltration of autoreactive T cells into the CNS, yet we lack a comprehensive understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate this process. Here, we conducted a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen in a rat MS model and identified 5 essential brakes and 18 essential facilitators of T cell migration to the CNS. While the transcription factor ETS1 limits entry to the CNS by controlling T cell responsiveness, three functional modules, centered around the adhesion molecule α4-integrin, the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and the GRK2 kinase, are required for CNS migration of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Single-cell analysis of T cells from individuals with MS confirmed that the expression of these essential regulators correlates with the propensity of CD4+ T cells to reach the CNS. Our data thus reveal key regulators of the fundamental step in the induction of MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Clara de la Rosa
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin F Lämmle
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klara Eglseer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Isabel J Bauer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Vladyslav Kavaka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan Winklmeier
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - La Zhuo
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Ann Gerdes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
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Blengio F, Hocini H, Richert L, Lefebvre C, Durand M, Hejblum B, Tisserand P, McLean C, Luhn K, Thiebaut R, Levy Y. Identification of early gene expression profiles associated with long-lasting antibody responses to the Ebola vaccine Ad26.ZEBOV/MVA-BN-Filo. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113101. [PMID: 37691146 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease is a severe hemorrhagic fever with a high fatality rate. We investigate transcriptome profiles at 3 h, 1 day, and 7 days after vaccination with Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo. 3 h after Ad26.ZEBOV injection, we observe an increase in genes related to antigen presentation, sensing, and T and B cell receptors. The highest response occurs 1 day after Ad26.ZEBOV injection, with an increase of the gene expression of interferon-induced antiviral molecules, monocyte activation, and sensing receptors. This response is regulated by the HESX1, ATF3, ANKRD22, and ETV7 transcription factors. A plasma cell signature is observed on day 7 post-Ad26.ZEBOV vaccination, with an increase of CD138, MZB1, CD38, CD79A, and immunoglobulin genes. We have identified early expressed genes correlated with the magnitude of the antibody response 21 days after the MVA-BN-Filo and 364 days after Ad26.ZEBOV vaccinations. Our results provide early gene signatures that correlate with vaccine-induced Ebola virus glycoprotein-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Blengio
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Lefebvre
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Mélany Durand
- University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Boris Hejblum
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascaline Tisserand
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France
| | - Chelsea McLean
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, B.V. Archimediesweg, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Luhn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, B.V. Archimediesweg, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rodolphe Thiebaut
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; University Bordeaux, Department of Public Health, INSERM Bordeaux Population Health Research Centre, Inria SISTM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Médicale, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Yves Levy
- Vaccine Research Institute, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U955, Team 16, Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Service Immunologie Clinique, Créteil, France.
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Podraza-Farhanieh A, Raj D, Kao G, Naredi P. A proinsulin-dependent interaction between ENPL-1 and ASNA-1 in neurons is required to maintain insulin secretion in C. elegans. Development 2023; 150:dev201035. [PMID: 36939052 PMCID: PMC10112894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides, including insulin, are important regulators of physiological functions of the organisms. Trafficking through the Golgi is crucial for the regulation of secretion of insulin-like peptides. ASNA-1 (TRC40) and ENPL-1 (GRP94) are conserved insulin secretion regulators in Caenorhabditis elegans (and mammals), and mouse Grp94 mutants display type 2 diabetes. ENPL-1/GRP94 binds proinsulin and regulates proinsulin levels in C. elegans and mammalian cells. Here, we have found that ASNA-1 and ENPL-1 cooperate to regulate insulin secretion in worms via a physical interaction that is independent of the insulin-binding site of ENPL-1. The interaction occurs in DAF-28/insulin-expressing neurons and is sensitive to changes in DAF-28 pro-peptide levels. Consistently, ASNA-1 acted in neurons to promote DAF-28/insulin secretion. The chaperone form of ASNA-1 was likely the interaction partner of ENPL-1. Loss of asna-1 disrupted Golgi trafficking pathways. ASNA-1 localization to the Golgi was affected in enpl-1 mutants and ENPL-1 overexpression partially bypassed the ASNA-1 requirement. Taken together, we find a functional interaction between ENPL-1 and ASNA-1 that is necessary to maintain proper insulin secretion in C. elegans and provides insights into how their loss might cause diabetes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Podraza-Farhanieh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dorota Raj
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gautam Kao
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Xiong E, Popp O, Salomon C, Mertins P, Kocks C, Rajewsky K, Chu VT. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screen identifies determinants of early plasma cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1083119. [PMID: 36685499 PMCID: PMC9849354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells depends on cell division-coupled, epigenetic and other cellular processes that are incompletely understood. Methods We have developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that models an early stage of T cell-dependent plasma cell differentiation and measures B cell survival or proliferation versus the formation of CD138+ plasmablasts. Here, we refined and extended this screen to more than 500 candidate genes that are highly expressed in plasma cells. Results Among known genes whose deletion preferentially or mostly affected plasmablast formation were the transcription factors Prdm1 (BLIMP1), Irf4 and Pou2af1 (OBF-1), and the Ern1 gene encoding IRE1a, while deletion of XBP1, the transcriptional master regulator that specifies the expansion of the secretory program in plasma cells, had no effect. Defective plasmablast formation caused by Ern1 deletion could not be rescued by the active, spliced form of XBP1 whose processing is dependent on and downstream of IRE1a, suggesting that in early plasma cell differentiation IRE1a acts independently of XBP1. Moreover, we newly identified several genes involved in NF-kB signaling (Nfkbia), vesicle trafficking (Arf4, Preb) and epigenetic regulators that form part of the NuRD complex (Hdac1, Mta2, Mbd2) to be required for plasmablast formation. Deletion of ARF4, a small GTPase required for COPI vesicle formation, impaired plasmablast formation and blocked antibody secretion. After Hdac1 deletion plasmablast differentiation was consistently reduced by about 50%, while deletion of the closely related Hdac2 gene had no effect. Hdac1 knock-out led to strongly perturbed protein expression of antagonistic transcription factors that govern plasma cell versus B cell identity (by decreasing IRF4 and BLIMP1 and increasing BACH2 and PAX5). Discussion Taken together, our results highlight specific and non-redundant roles for Ern1, Arf4 and Hdac1 in the early steps of plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermeng Xiong
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Salomon
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
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Lyu M, Shi X, Liu Y, Zhao H, Yuan Y, Xie R, Gu Y, Dong Y, Wang M. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of H5N1-HA-Stimulated Alpaca PBMCs. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010060. [PMID: 36671445 PMCID: PMC9855979 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A virus H5N1 is a highly pathogenic and persistently a major threat to global health. Vaccines and antibodies targeting hemagglutinin (HA) protein are the primary management strategies for the epidemic virus. Although camelids possess unique immunological features, the immune response induced by specific antigens has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we immunized an alpaca with the HA antigen of the H5N1 virus and performed single-cell transcriptome profiling for analysis of longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) behavior using single-cell sequencing technology (scRNA-seq). We revealed multiple cellular immunities during the immunization. The monocytes continued to expand after immunization, while the plasma cells reached their peak three days after the second antigen stimulation. Both monocytes and B cells were stimulated by the HA antigen and produced cell-type-specific cytokines to participated in the immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the HA-specific immunological dynamics of alpaca PBMCs at the single-cell level, which is beneficial for understanding the anti-viral immune system and facilitating the development of more potent vaccines and antibodies in camelid animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Lyu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | | | - Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Yue Yuan
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Run Xie
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying Gu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
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Pugh KW, Alnaed M, Brackett CM, Blagg BSJ. The biology and inhibition of glucose-regulated protein 94/gp96. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2007-2024. [PMID: 35861260 PMCID: PMC10003671 DOI: 10.1002/med.21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 94 kDa molecular chaperone, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), has garnered interest during the last decade due to its direct association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and disease. Grp94 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones and is a master regulator of ER homeostasis due to its ability to fold and stabilize proteins/receptors, and to chaperone misfolded proteins for degradation. Multiple studies have demonstrated that Grp94 knockdown or inhibition leads to the degradation of client protein substrates, which leads to disruption of disease-dependent signaling pathways. As a result, small molecule inhibitors of Grp94 have become a promising therapeutic approach to target a variety of disease states. Specifically, Grp94 has proven to be a promising target for cancer, glaucoma, immune-mediated inflammation, and viral infection. Moreover, Grp94-peptide complexes have been utilized effectively as adjuvants for vaccines against a variety of disease states. This work highlights the significance of Grp94 biology and the development of therapeutics that target this molecular chaperone in multiple disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler W. Pugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Marim Alnaed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Christopher M. Brackett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Wang Y, Wang X. A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Beta1(HSP90B1) in Human Tumours. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1377. [PMID: 36291587 PMCID: PMC9599833 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSP90B1, a member of the heat-shock protein 90 family, plays a vital role as a molecular chaperone for oncogenes and stimulates tumour growth. However, its role in various cancers remains unexplored. METHODS Using the cancer genome atlas, gene expression omnibus the Human Protein Atlas databases and various other bioinformatic tools, this study investigated the involvement of HSP90B1 in 33 different tumour types. RESULTS The over-expression of HSP90B1 generally predicted poor overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with tumours, such as adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, HSP90B1 was highly expressed in the majority of tumours. A comparison was made between the phosphorylation of HSP90B1 in normal and primary tumour tissues, and putative functional mechanisms in HSP90B1-mediated oncogenesis were investigated. Additionally, the mutation burden of HSP90B1 in cancer was evaluated along with the survival rate of patients with cancer patients. CONCLUSION This first pan-cancer investigation reveals the oncogenic functions of HSP90B1 in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University (Nantong Tumor Hospital), Nantong 226361, China
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Li Y, Feng Y, Jiang Y, Ma J, Bao X, Li Z, Cui M, Li B, Xu X, Wang W, Sun G, Liu X, Yang J. Differential gene expression analysis related to sperm storage in spermathecas of Amphioctopus fangsiao. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100966. [PMID: 35150972 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sperm storage in the female body is an important strategy in animal reproductive behavior. Amphioctopus fangsiao is an economically important cephalopod that has a sperm storage period of up to seven months. There are few studies concerning the mechanism of sperm storage in A. fangsiao. In this study, we performed transcriptome gene expression profiling of the oviductal glands at different phases (presence and absence of sperm storage). In total, 7943 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) comprising 4737 upregulated and 3206 downregulated genes were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to search for sperm storage-related genes. A protein interaction network was constructed to examine the interactions between genes. Nineteen genes associated with immunity, apoptosis, and autophagy were obtained and verified by qRT-PCR. This is the first comprehensive analysis of sperm storage-related genes in A. fangsiao. The results provide basic insights into the complex sperm storage mechanism of A. fangsiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Jingjun Ma
- Yantai Laishan District Fisheries and Marine Service station, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Mingxian Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264004, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China; Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222100, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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11
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Fornasiero F, Scapin C, Vitadello M, Pizzo P, Gorza L. Active nNOS Is Required for Grp94-Induced Antioxidant Cytoprotection: A Lesson from Myogenic to Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062915. [PMID: 35328344 PMCID: PMC8954037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone Grp94/gp96 appears to be involved in cytoprotection without being required for cell survival. This study compared the effects of Grp94 protein levels on Ca2+ homeostasis, antioxidant cytoprotection and protein–protein interactions between two widely studied cell lines, the myogenic C2C12 and the epithelial HeLa, and two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T. In myogenic cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 overexpression exerted cytoprotection by reducing ER Ca2+ storage, due to an inhibitory effect on SERCA2. In C2C12 cells, but not in HeLa, Grp94 co-immunoprecipitated with non-client proteins, such as nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, which co-fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation in a distinct, medium density, ER vesicular compartment. Active nNOS was also required for Grp94-induced cytoprotection, since its inhibition by L-NNA disrupted the co-immunoprecipitation and co-fractionation of Grp94 with nNOS and SERCA2, and increased apoptosis. Comparably, only the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, which showed Grp94 co-immunoprecipitation with nNOS, SERCA2 and PMCA, increased oxidant-induced apoptosis after nNOS inhibition or Grp94 silencing. These results identify the Grp94-driven multiprotein complex, including active nNOS as mechanistically involved in antioxidant cytoprotection by means of nNOS activity and improved Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Fornasiero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Maurizio Vitadello
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- CNR-Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.F.); (C.S.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kamemura K, Moriya H, Ukita Y, Okumura M, Miura M, Chihara T. Endoplasmic reticulum proteins Meigo and Gp93 govern dendrite targeting by regulating Toll-6 localization. Dev Biol 2022; 484:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Protective Role of Genetic Variants in HSP90 Genes-Complex in COPD Secondary to Biomass-Burning Smoke Exposure and Non-Severe COPD Forms in Tobacco Smoking Subjects. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:887-899. [PMID: 34449539 PMCID: PMC8928934 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease characterized by airflow obstruction, commonly present in smokers and subjects exposed to noxious particles product of biomass-burning smoke (BBS). Several association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding genes related to the heat shock proteins family-genes that codify the heat shock proteins (Hsp). Hsp accomplishes critical roles in regulating immune response, antigen-processing, eliminating protein aggregates and co-activating receptors. The presence of SNPs in these genes can lead to alterations in immune responses. We aimed to evaluate the association of SNPs in the HSP90 gene complex and COPD. Methods: We enrolled 1549 participants, divided into two comparison groups; 919 tobacco-smoking subjects (cases COPD-TS n = 294 and, controls SWOC n = 625) and 630 chronic exposed to BBS (cases COPD-BBS n = 186 and controls BBES n = 444). We genotyped 2 SNPs: the rs13296 in HSP90AB1 and rs2070908 in HSP90B1. Results: Through the dominant model (GC + CC), the rs2070908 is associated with decreased risk (p < 0.01, OR = 0.6) to suffer COPD among chronic exposed BBS subjects. We found an association between rs13296 GG genotype and lower risk (p = 0.01, OR = 0.22) to suffer severe COPD-TS forms in the severity analysis. Conclusions: single-nucleotide variants in the HSP90AB1 and HSP90B1 genes are associated with decreased COPD risk in subjects exposed to BBS and the most severe forms of COPD in tobacco-smoking subjects.
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14
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Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Li Y, Hill M, Koivisto C, Parrish M, Guo B, Li Z, Liu B. Type-2 dendritic cells mediate control of cytotoxic T cell-resistant tumors. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145885. [PMID: 34283809 PMCID: PMC8492342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 DCs (DC2s) comprise the majority of conventional DCs within most tumors; however, little is known about their ability to initiate and sustain antitumor immunity, as most studies have focused on antigen cross-presenting DC1s. Here, we report that DC2 infiltration identified by analysis of multiple human cancer data sets showed a significant correlation with survival across multiple human cancers, with the benefit being seen in tumors resistant to cytotoxic T cell control. Characterization of DC subtype infiltration into an immunotherapy-resistant model of breast cancer revealed that impairment of DC1s through 2 unique models resulted in enhanced DC2 functionality and improved tumor control. BATF3 deficiency depleted intratumoral DC1s, which led to increased DC2 lymph node migration and CD4+ T cell activation. Enhancing DC2 stimulatory potential by genetic deletion of Hsp90b1 (encoding molecular chaperon GP96) led to a similar enhancement of T cell immunity and improved survival in a spontaneous breast cancer model. These data highlight the therapeutic and prognostic potential of DC2s within checkpoint blockade–resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Yingqi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Megan Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Christopher Koivisto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Melodie Parrish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Beichu Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Zihai Li
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, United States of America
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15
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Luo L, Zang G, Liu B, Qin X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Wu W, Wang G. Bioengineering CXCR4-overexpressing cell membrane functionalized ROS-responsive nanotherapeutics for targeting cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8043-8056. [PMID: 34335979 PMCID: PMC8315061 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: As a potentially life-threatening disorder, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with significantly high mortality, especially the irreversible brain tissue damage associated with increased reactive oxygen radical production and excessive inflammation. Currently, the insufficiency of targeted drug delivery and “on-demand” drug release remain the greatest challenges for cerebral I/R injury therapy. Bioengineered cell membrane-based nanotherapeutics mimic and enhance natural membrane functions and represent a potentially promising approach, relying on selective interactions between receptors and chemokines and increase nanomedicine delivery efficiency into the target tissues. Methods: We employed a systematic method to synthesize biomimetic smart nanoparticles. The CXCR4-overexpressing primary mouse thoracic aorta endothelial cell (PMTAEC) membranes and RAPA@HOP were extruded through a 200 nm polycarbonate porous membrane using a mini-extruder to harvest the RAPA@BMHOP. The bioengineered CXCR4-overexpressing cell membrane-functionalized ROS-responsive nanotherapeutics, loaded with rapamycin (RAPA), were fabricated to enhance the targeted delivery to lesions with pathological overexpression of SDF-1. Results: RAPA@BMHOP exhibited a three-fold higher rate of target delivery efficacy via the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis than its non-targeting counterpart in an in vivo model. Additionally, in response to the excessive pathological ROS, nanotherapeutics could be degraded to promote “on-demand” cargo release and balance the ROS level by p-hydroxy-benzyl alcohol degradation, thereby scavenging excessive ROS and suppressing the free radical-induced focal damage and local inflammation. Also, the stealth effect of cell membrane coating functionalization on the surface resulted in extended circulation time and high stability of nanoparticles. Conclusion: The biomimetic smart nanotherapeutics with active targeting, developed in this study, significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy and biosafety profiles. Thus, these nanoparticles could be a candidate for efficient therapy of cerebral I/R injury.
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16
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Nakada EM, Sun R, Fujii U, Martin JG. The Impact of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Modifications, Folding and Degradation on Lung Structure and Function. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665622. [PMID: 34122136 PMCID: PMC8188853 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and other mechanisms to restore ER homeostasis, including translational shutdown, increased targeting of mRNAs for degradation by the IRE1-dependent decay pathway, selective translation of proteins that contribute to the protein folding capacity of the ER, and activation of the ER-associated degradation machinery. When ER stress is excessive or prolonged and these mechanisms fail to restore proteostasis, the UPR triggers the cell to undergo apoptosis. This review also examines the overlooked role of post-translational modifications and their roles in protein processing and effects on ER stress and the UPR. Finally, these effects are examined in the context of lung structure, function, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nakada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Utako Fujii
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James G. Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Duan X, Iwanowycz S, Ngoi S, Hill M, Zhao Q, Liu B. Molecular Chaperone GRP94/GP96 in Cancers: Oncogenesis and Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629846. [PMID: 33898309 PMCID: PMC8062746 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and progression, intrinsic and extrinsic factors trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, resulting in the increased expression of molecular chaperones to cope with the stress and maintain tumor cell survival. Heat shock protein (HSP) GRP94, also known as GP96, is an ER paralog of HSP90 and has been shown to promote survival signaling during tumor-induced stress and modulate the immune response through its multiple clients, including TLRs, integrins, LRP6, GARP, IGF, and HER2. Clinically, elevated expression of GRP94 correlates with an aggressive phenotype and poor clinical outcome in a variety of cancers. Thus, GRP94 is a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in malignancies. In this review, we will undergo deep molecular profiling of GRP94 in tumor development and summarize the individual roles of GRP94 in common cancers, including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and others. Finally, we will briefly review the therapeutic potential of selectively targeting GRP94 for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Soo Ngoi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Megan Hill
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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18
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Su FY, Huang SC, Wei PC, Hsu PH, Li JP, Su LW, Hsieh YL, Hu CM, Hsu JL, Yang CY, Chung CY, Shew JY, Lan JL, Sytwu HK, Lee EYH, Lee WH. Redox sensor NPGPx restrains ZAP70 activity and modulates T cell homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:368-384. [PMID: 33460768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidences implicate the contribution of ROS to T cell activation and signaling. The tyrosine kinase, ζ-chain-associated protein of 70 kDa (ZAP70), is essential for T cell development and activation. However, it remains elusive whether a direct redox regulation affects ZAP70 activity upon TCR stimulation. Here, we show that deficiency of non-selenocysteine containing phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (NPGPx), a redox sensor, results in T cell hyperproliferation and elevated cytokine productions. T cell-specific NPGPx-knockout mice reveal enhanced T-dependent humoral responses and are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Through proteomic approaches, ZAP70 is identified as the key interacting protein of NPGPx through disulfide bonding. NPGPx is activated by ROS generated from TCR stimulation, and modulates ZAP70 activity through redox switching to reduce ZAP70 recruitment to TCR/CD3 complex in membrane lipid raft, therefore subduing TCR responses. These results reveal a delicate redox mechanism that NPGPx serves as a modulator to curb ZAP70 functions in maintaining T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Chi Wei
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Lin Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mei Hu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Lin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Drug Development Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Yen Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuh Shew
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joung-Liang Lan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Eva Y-Hp Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Drug Development Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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19
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de Seny D, Bianchi E, Baiwir D, Cobraiville G, Collin C, Deliège M, Kaiser MJ, Mazzucchelli G, Hauzeur JP, Delvenne P, Malaise MG. Proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress are modulated in synovitis of osteoarthritis, chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis, and correlate with the histological inflammatory score. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14159. [PMID: 32887899 PMCID: PMC7473860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70803-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well recognized that osteoarthritis (OA) synovial membrane presents inflammatory components. The aim of this work is to provide evidence that similar inflammatory mechanisms exist in synovial membrane (n = 24) obtained from three pathologies presenting altogether an inflammatory gradient: OA, chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy (CPPA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synovial biopsies were first characterized by a histological score based on synovial hyperplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, polymorphonuclear and macrophages. All biopsies were also analyzed by 2D-nano-UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap for protein identification and quantification. Protein levels were correlated with the histological score. Histological score was in the range of 3 to 8 for OA, 5 to 13 for CPPA and 12 to 17 for RA. Of the 4,336 proteins identified by mass spectrometry, 51 proteins were selected for their strong correlation (p < 0.001) with the histological score of which 11 proteins (DNAJB11, CALR, ERP29, GANAB, HSP90B1, HSPA1A, HSPA5, HYOU1, LMAN1, PDIA4, and TXNDC5) were involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Protein levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were significantly higher in RA compared to OA (for both) or to CPPA (for S100A8 only) and also significantly correlated with the histological score. Eighteen complement component proteins were identified, but only C1QB and C1QBP were weakly correlated with the histological score. This study highlights the inflammatory gradient existing between OA, CPPA and RA synovitis either at the protein level or at the histological level. Inflamed synovitis was characterized by the overexpression of ER stress proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique Baiwir
- GIGA Proteomics Facility, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gaël Cobraiville
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Collin
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mégane Deliège
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Joëlle Kaiser
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Unit Research, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Hauzeur
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel G Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU Liege, Tour GIGA, +2, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Glucose-Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94): A Novel Regulator of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Production. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081844. [PMID: 32781621 PMCID: PMC7465916 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals have two insulin-like growth factors (IGF) that are key mediators of somatic growth, tissue differentiation, and cellular responses to stress. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate the bioavailability of IGFs are important in both normal and aberrant development. IGF-I levels are primarily controlled via the growth hormone-IGF axis, in response to nutritional status, and also reflect metabolic diseases and cancer. One mechanism that controls IGF bioavailablity is the binding of circulating IGF to a number of binding proteins that keep IGF in a stable, but receptor non-binding state. However, even before IGF is released from the cells that produce it, it undergoes an obligatory association with a ubiquitous chaperone protein, GRP94. This binding is required for secretion of a properly folded, mature IGF. This chapter reviews the known aspects of the interaction and highlights the specificity issues yet to be determined. The IGF–GRP94 interaction provides a potential novel mechanism of idiopathic short stature, involving the obligatory chaperone and not just IGF gene expression. It also provides a novel target for cancer treatment, as GRP94 activity can be either inhibited or enhanced.
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21
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Bilska A, Kusio-Kobiałka M, Krawczyk PS, Gewartowska O, Tarkowski B, Kobyłecki K, Nowis D, Golab J, Gruchota J, Borsuk E, Dziembowski A, Mroczek S. Immunoglobulin expression and the humoral immune response is regulated by the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase TENT5C. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2032. [PMID: 32341344 PMCID: PMC7184606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TENT5C is a non-canonical cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase highly expressed by activated B cells to suppress their proliferation. Here we measure the global distribution of poly(A) tail lengths in responsive B cells using a Nanopore direct RNA-sequencing approach, showing that TENT5C polyadenylates immunoglobulin mRNAs regulating their half-life and consequently steady-state levels. TENT5C is upregulated in differentiating plasma cells by innate signaling. Compared with wild-type, Tent5c−/− mice produce fewer antibodies and have diminished T-cell-independent immune response despite having more CD138high plasma cells as a consequence of accelerated differentiation. B cells from Tent5c−/− mice also have impaired capacity of the secretory pathway, with reduced ER volume and unfolded protein response. Importantly, these functions of TENT5C are dependent on its enzymatic activity as catalytic mutation knock-in mice display the same defect as Tent5c−/−. These findings define the role of the TENT5C enzyme in the humoral immune response. Regulating polyadenylation is important for mRNA stability, which can in turn affect B cell maturation and humoral immune responses. Here the authors use Nanopore poly(A) sequencing to explore the importance of the cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase TENT5C, particularly in the production of immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bilska
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kusio-Kobiałka
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł S Krawczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gewartowska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Tarkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Kobyłecki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Genomic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Centre of Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gruchota
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Borsuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Embryology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dziembowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. .,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Seweryn Mroczek
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. .,Laboratory of RNA Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
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22
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Li P, Zhao R, Fan K, Iwanowycz S, Fan H, Li Z, Liu B. Regulation of dendritic cell function improves survival in experimental sepsis through immune chaperone. Innate Immun 2020; 25:235-243. [PMID: 31018807 PMCID: PMC6830886 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919840423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional Ag-presenting cells that play a critical
role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. DCs recognize and respond to
bacteria through multiple PRRs, including TLRs. Heat shock protein gp96/grp94 is
a master essential chaperone for TLRs in the endoplasmic reticulum. We generated
DC-specific gp96-knockout (KO) mice and showed that gp96 KO DCs were unable to
respond to multiple TLR ligands. TLR-mediated hyperinflammatory response can
lead to sepsis. However, the roles of neither DCs nor the DC-intrinsic gp96 in
the process are completely understood. In a LPS-induced sepsis model, we hereby
found that deletion of gp96 in DCs significantly reduced serum TNF-α levels and
improved survival. Furthermore, using the well-defined polymicrobial sepsis
model of cecal ligation and puncture, we found that DC-specific ablation of gp96
improved survival with significantly attenuated liver and renal injuries,
decreased circulating inflammatory cytokines, altered DC maturation and
activation, and increased serum Ig. Collectively, we demonstrate that deletion
of gp96 in DCs is beneficial in protecting mice against sepsis induced by both
endotoxemia and polymicrobial infections. We conclude that targeting gp96 in DCs
may provide a potential novel approach for reducing the morbidity and mortality
of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin Fan
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bei Liu
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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23
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Biebl MM, Buchner J. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034017. [PMID: 30745292 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of a plethora of substrates ("clients"), including protein kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, positioning Hsp90 as a central regulator of cellular proteostasis. Hsp90 undergoes large conformational changes during its ATPase cycle. The processing of clients by cytosolic Hsp90 is assisted by a cohort of cochaperones that affect client recruitment, Hsp90 ATPase function or conformational rearrangements in Hsp90. Because of the importance of Hsp90 in regulating central cellular pathways, strategies for the pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 machinery in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are being developed. In this review, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic progress in defining the function of organelle-specific and cytosolic Hsp90, including the impact of individual cochaperones on the maturation of specific clients and complexes with clients as well as ways of exploiting Hsp90 as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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24
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Gruber E, Heyward C, Cameron J, Leifer C. Toll-like receptor signaling in macrophages is regulated by extracellular substrate stiffness and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK1/2). Int Immunol 2019; 30:267-278. [PMID: 29800294 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages participate in immunity, tissue repair and tissue homeostasis. Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by conserved exogenous or endogenous structures initiates signaling cascades that result in the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Extracellular substrate stiffness is known to regulate functions of non-immune cells through a process called mechanotransduction, yet less is known about how physical cues affect macrophage function or TLR signaling. To investigate this question, we cultured murine primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells on fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide (PA) gels of defined stiffnesses (1, 20 and 150 kPa) that approximate the physical properties of physiologic tissues. BMMs on all gels were smaller and more circular than those on rigid glass. Macrophages on intermediate stiffness 20 kPa PA gels were slightly larger and less circular than those on either 1 or 150 kPa. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNFα, in response to stimulation of TLR4 and TLR9 was increased in macrophages grown on soft gels versus more rigid gels, particularly for BMMs. Inhibition of the rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1/2 (ROCK1/2), key mediators in cell contractility and mechanotransduction, enhanced release of TNFα in response to stimulation of TLR4. ROCK1/2 inhibition enhanced phosphorylation of the TLR downstream signaling molecules, p38, ERK1/2 and NFκB. Our data indicate that physical cues from the extracellular environment regulate macrophage morphology and TLR signaling. These findings have important implications in the regulation of macrophage function in diseased tissues and offer a novel pharmacological target for the manipulation of macrophage function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Gruber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christa Heyward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jody Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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25
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Stressed: The Unfolded Protein Response in T Cell Development, Activation, and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071792. [PMID: 30978945 PMCID: PMC6479341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved pathway that allows cells to respond to stress in the endoplasmic reticulum caused by an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded protein. This is of great importance to secretory cells because, in order for proteins to traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), they need to be folded appropriately. While a wealth of literature has implicated UPR in immune responses, less attention has been given to the role of UPR in T cell development and function. This review discusses the importance of UPR in T cell development, homeostasis, activation, and effector functions. We also speculate about how UPR may be manipulated in T cells to ameliorate pathologies.
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26
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Kellner J, Wallace C, Liu B, Li Z. Definition of a multiple myeloma progenitor population in mice driven by enforced expression of XBP1s. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124698. [PMID: 30944260 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with frequent treatment failures and relapses, suggesting the existence of pathogenic myeloma stem/progenitor populations. However, the identity of MM stem cells remains elusive. We used a murine model of MM with transgenic overexpression of the unfolded protein response sensor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) in the B cell compartment to define MM stem cells. We herein report that a post-germinal center, pre-plasma cell population significantly expands as MM develops. This population has the following characteristics: (a) cell surface phenotype of B220+CD19+IgM-IgD-CD138-CD80+sIgG-AA4.1+FSChi; (b) high expression levels of Pax5 and Bcl6 with intermediate levels of Blimp1 and XBP1s; (c) increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase, Notch1, and c-Kit; and (d) ability to efficiently reconstitute antibody-producing capacity in B cell-deficient mice in vivo. We thus have defined a plasma cell progenitor population that resembles myeloma stem cells in mice. These results provide potentially novel insights into MM stem cell biology and may contribute to the development of novel stem cell-targeted therapies for the eradication of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Schito L. Bridging angiogenesis and immune evasion in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1072-R1084. [PMID: 30183339 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00209.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low O2) is a ubiquitous microenvironmental factor promoting cancer progression, metastasis, and mortality, owing to the ability of cancer cells to co-opt physiological angiogenic responses. Notwithstanding, the pathophysiological induction of angiogenesis results in an abnormal tumor vasculature, further aggravating hypoxia in a feedforward loop that limits the efficacy of molecular targeted therapies. Recent studies suggest that, besides their canonical roles, angiogenic factors promote a panoply of immunosuppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, intratumoral hypoxia emerges as a hitherto unrecognized mechanism evolutionarily repurposing angiogenic molecules as (patho)physiological immunomodulators. On the other hand, antiangiogenic therapies could be aimed at impeding both tumor growth and immunotolerance toward cancer cells, a beneficial effect that can be countered if hypoxia signaling pathways are left unchecked, leading to therapeutic failure. This review summarizes evidence supporting the hypothesis that hypoxia acts as a common pathophysiological mechanism of resistance to immunotherapeutic and antiangiogenic agents while proposing potential strategies to curtail resistance and mortality in patients bearing solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Schito
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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28
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Biswas C, Rao S, Slade K, Hyman D, Dersh D, Mantegazza AR, Zoltick PW, Marks MS, Argon Y, Behrens EM. Tyrosine 870 of TLR9 is critical for receptor maturation rather than phosphorylation-dependent ligand-induced signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200913. [PMID: 30024926 PMCID: PMC6053202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) share a conserved structure comprising the N-terminal ectodomain, a transmembrane segment and a C-terminal cytoplasmic Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Proper assembly of the TIR domain is crucial for signal transduction; however, the contribution of individual motifs within the TIR domain to TLR trafficking and signaling remains unclear. We targeted a highly conserved tyrosine (Y870) located in the box 1 region of the TIR domain of most TLRs, including TLR9, previously described to be a critical site of phosphorylation in TLR4. We reconstituted bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from Tlr9-/- mice WT TLR9 or Y870F or Y870A mutants. Despite normal interactions with the luminal chaperones GRP94 and UNC93B1, Y870F conferred only partial responsiveness to CpG, and Y870A had no activity and functioned as a dominant negative inhibitor when coexpressed with endogenous TLR9. This loss of function correlated with reduction or absence, respectively, of the 80 kDa mature form of TLR9. In Y870F-expressing cells, CpG-dependent signaling correlated directly with levels of the mature form, suggesting that signaling did not require tyrosine phosphorylation but rather that the Y870F mutation conferred reduced receptor levels due to defective processing or trafficking. Microscopy revealed targeting of the mutant protein to an autophagolysosome-like structure for likely degradation. Collectively we postulate that the conserved Y870 in the TIR domain does not participate in phosphorylation-induced signaling downstream of ligand recognition, but rather is crucial for proper TIR assembly and ER egress, resulting in maturation-specific stabilization of TLR9 within endolysosomes and subsequent pro-inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhanda Biswas
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheila Rao
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Katharine Slade
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Hyman
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Devin Dersh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Adriana R. Mantegazza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Zoltick
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Marks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Edward M. Behrens
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Yang Y, Kong S, Zhang Y, Melo-Cardenas J, Gao B, Zhang Y, Zhang DD, Zhang B, Song J, Thorp E, Zhang K, Zhang J, Fang D. The endoplasmic reticulum-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 controls a critical checkpoint in B cell development in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12934-12944. [PMID: 29907570 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity involves multiple checkpoints that occur in B cell development, maturation, and activation. The pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) is expressed following the productive recombination of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene, and sSignalsing through the pre-BCR are required for the differentiation of pre-B cells into immature B cells. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling the pre-BCR expression and signaling strength remain undefined. Herein, we probed the role of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated, stress-activated E3 ubiquitin ligase HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 (Hrd1) in B cell differentiation. Using mice with a specific Hrd1 deletion in pro-B cells and subsequent B cell developmental stages, we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 governs a critical checkpoint during B cell development. We observed that Hrd1 is required for degradation of the pre-BCR complex during the early stage of B cell development. As a consequence, loss of Hrd1 in the B cell lineage resulted in increased pre-BCR expression levels and a developmental defect in the transition from large to small pre-B cells. This defect, in turn, resulted in reduced fewer mature B cells in bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid organs. Our results revealed a novel critical role of Hrd1 in controlling a critical checkpoint in B cell-mediated immunity and suggest that Hrd1 may functioning as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the pre-BCR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sinyi Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Johanna Melo-Cardenas
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yusi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Edward Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China.
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
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30
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, González S, Carvajal P, Molina C, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune diseases: Can altered protein quality control and/or unfolded protein response contribute to autoimmunity? A critical review on Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:796-808. [PMID: 29890347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many years, researchers in the field of autoimmunity have focused on the role of the immune components in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, some studies have demonstrated the importance of target tissues in their pathogenesis and the breach of immune tolerance. The immune system as well as target tissue cells (plasmatic, β-pancreatic, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, thyroid follicular and epithelial cells of the lachrymal glands, salivary glands, intestine, bronchioles and renal tubules) share the characteristic of secretory cells with an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The function of these cells depends considerably on a normal ER function and calcium homeostasis, so they can produce and secrete their main components, which include glycoproteins involved in antigenic presentation such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II. All these proteins are synthesized and modified in the ER, and for this reason disturbances in the normal functions of this organelle such as protein folding, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis and redox balance, promote accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, a condition known as ER stress. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by inflammation, which has been associated with an ER stress condition. Interestingly, patients with these diseases contain circulating auto-antibodies against chaperone proteins (such as Calnexin and GRP94), thus affecting the folding and assembly of MHC class I and II glycoproteins and their loading with peptide. The main purpose of this article is to review the involvement of the protein quality control and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and their alterations in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we describe the interaction between ER stress and inflammation and evidences are shown of how autoimmune diseases are associated with an ER stress condition, with a special emphasis on the second most prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease, Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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31
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Sabino M, Carmelo VAO, Mazzoni G, Cappelli K, Capomaccio S, Ajmone-Marsan P, Verini-Supplizi A, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Kadarmideen HN. Gene co-expression networks in liver and muscle transcriptome reveal sex-specific gene expression in lambs fed with a mix of essential oils. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:236. [PMID: 29618337 PMCID: PMC5885410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential oil (EO) dietary supplementation is a new strategy to improve animal health. EO compounds have antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antimycotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. Nutrigenomics investigations represent innovative approaches in understanding the relation between diet effect and gene expression related to the animal performance. Few nutrigenomics studies have used a high-throughput RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach, despite great potential of RNA-Seq data in gene expression quantification and in co-expression network analyses. Our aim is to use the potential of RNA-Sequencing data in order to evaluate the effect of an EO supplementary diet on gene expression in both lamb liver and muscle. RESULTS Using a treatment and sex interaction model, 13 and 4 differentially expressed genes were identified in liver and muscle respectively. Sex-specific differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in both sexes. Using network based analysis, different clusters of co-expressed genes that were highly correlated to the diet were detected in males vs. females, in agreement with DE analysis. A total of five regulatory genes in liver tissue associated to EO diet were identified: DNAJB9, MANF, UFM1, CTNNLA1 and NFX1. Our study reveals a sex-dependent effect of EO diet in both tissues, and an influence on the expression of genes mainly involved in immune, inflammatory and stress pathway. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests a sex-dependent effect of the EO dietary supplementation on the expression profile of both liver and muscle tissues. We hypothesize that the presence of EOs could have beneficial effects on wellness of male lamb and further analyses are needed to understand the biological mechanisms behind the different effect of EO metabolites based on sex. Using lamb as a model for nutrigenomics studies, it could be interesting to investigate the effects of EO diets in other species and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Sabino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Capomaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | | | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Department of Bio and Health Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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32
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Metelli A, Salem M, Wallace CH, Wu BX, Li A, Li X, Li Z. Immunoregulatory functions and the therapeutic implications of GARP-TGF-β in inflammation and cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:24. [PMID: 29458436 PMCID: PMC5819195 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
GARP (glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant) is a type I transmembrane cell surface docking receptor for latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that is abundantly expressed on regulatory T lymphocytes and platelets. GARP regulates the availability of membrane-bound latent TGF-β and modulates its activation. For this reason, GARP expression on immune and non-immune cells is involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance. It plays an important role in preventing inflammatory diseases such as allergy and graft versus host disease (GvHD). GARP is also frequently hijacked by cancer cells to promote oncogenesis. This review summarizes the most important features of GARP biology described to date including gene regulation, protein expression and mechanism in activating latent TGF-β, and the function of GARP in regulatory T cell biology and peripheral tolerance, as well as GARP’s increasingly recognized roles in platelet-mediated cancer immune evasion. The promise for GARP-targeted strategy as a novel immunotherapy of cancer is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Metelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mohammad Salem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Caroline H Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Bill X Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Cosin-Roger J, Spalinger MR, Ruiz PA, Stanzel C, Terhalle A, Wolfram L, Melhem H, Atrott K, Lang S, Frey-Wagner I, Fried M, Scharl M, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Gp96 deficiency affects TLR4 functionality and impairs ERK and p38 phosphorylation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193003. [PMID: 29447283 PMCID: PMC5814018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gp96 is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone for multiple protein substrates. Its lack in intestinal macrophages of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients is correlated with loss of tolerance against the host gut flora. Gp96 has been stablished to be an essential chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs). We studied the impact of gp96-knockdown on TLR-function in macrophages. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was only decreased but not abolished when gp96 was knocked-down in cell lines, whereas in a monocyte/macrophage specific knock-out mouse model (LysMCre) TLR4 was abolished, while TLR2 was still present. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation was still observed in the absence of gp96, and gp96-deficient macrophages were able to up-regulate surface TLR4 upon LPS treatment, suggesting that there is another chaperone involved in the folding of TLR4 upon stress responses. Moreover, LPS-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines were still expressed, although to a lesser extent in the absence of gp96, which reinforces the fact that gp96 is involved in regulating signaling cascades downstream of TLR4 are impaired upon loss of gp96. In addition, we have also found a reduced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 kinases and an impaired response upon CSF1R activation in gp96 deficient macrophages. Our findings indicate that the loss of gp96 not only impairs TLR4 signaling, but is also associated with a diminished phosphorylation of ERK and mitogen-activated stress kinases resulting in an impaired signalling through several receptors, including CSF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stanzel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Wolfram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Kim DS, Song L, Wang J, Wu H, Gu G, Sugi Y, Li Z, Wang H. GRP94 Is an Essential Regulator of Pancreatic β-Cell Development, Mass, and Function in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1062-1073. [PMID: 29272356 PMCID: PMC5793778 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in pancreatic β-cell mass contribute to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the role of the glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 94, an endoplasmic reticulum protein abundantly expressed in the pancreatic acini and islets, in β-cell development, survival, and function. We used a conditional knockout (KO) mouse in which the GRP94 gene, Hsp90b1, was specifically deleted in pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1)-expressing cells. These Hsp90b1 flox/flox;Pdx1Cre KO mice exhibited pancreatic hypoplasia at embryonic day (E) 16.5 to E18.5 and had significantly reduced β-cell mass at 4 weeks after birth. Further mechanistic studies showed that deletion of GRP94 reduced β-cell proliferation with increased cell apoptosis in both Pdx1+ endocrine progenitor cells and differentiated β cells. Although Hsp90b1 flox/flox;Pdx1Cre KO mice remained euglycemic at 8 weeks of age, they exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. In aggregate, these findings indicate that GRP94 is an essential regulator of pancreatic β-cell development, mass, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Lili Song
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Hongju Wu
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Yukiko Sugi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Zihai Li
- Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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Teske N, Liessem A, Fischbach F, Clarner T, Beyer C, Wruck C, Fragoulis A, Tauber SC, Victor M, Kipp M. Chemical hypoxia-induced integrated stress response activation in oligodendrocytes is mediated by the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). J Neurochem 2018; 144:285-301. [PMID: 29210072 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The extent of remyelination in multiple sclerosis lesions is often incomplete. Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can be a contributing factor for such incomplete remyelination. The precise mechanisms underlying insufficient repair remain to be defined, but oxidative stress appears to be involved. Here, we used immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines as model systems to investigate a causal relation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling cascades. OLN93 and OliNeu cells were subjected to chemical hypoxia by blocking the respiratory chain at various levels. Mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress levels were quantified by flow cytometry. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was monitored by the expression induction of activating transcription factor 3 and 4 (Atf3, Atf4), DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (Ddit3), and glucose-regulated protein 94. Lentiviral silencing of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 or kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 was applied to study the relevance of NRF2 for endoplasmic reticulum stress responses. We demonstrate that inhibition of the respiratory chain induces oxidative stress in cultured oligodendrocytes which is paralleled by the expression induction of distinct mediators of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, namely Atf3, Atf4, and Ddit3. Atf3 and Ddit3 expression induction is potentiated in kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-deficient cells and absent in cells lacking the oxidative stress-related transcription factor NRF2. This study provides strong evidence that oxidative stress in oligodendrocytes activates endoplasmic reticulum stress response in a NRF2-dependent manner and, in consequence, might regulate oligodendrocyte degeneration in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Teske
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Liessem
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Fischbach
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and JARA-BRAIN, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marion Victor
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Kipp
- Department of Anatomy II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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36
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Jahn M, Tych K, Girstmair H, Steinmaßl M, Hugel T, Buchner J, Rief M. Folding and Domain Interactions of Three Orthologs of Hsp90 Studied by Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy. Structure 2018; 26:96-105.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kassambara A, Jourdan M, Bruyer A, Robert N, Pantesco V, Elemento O, Klein B, Moreaux J. Global miRNA expression analysis identifies novel key regulators of plasma cell differentiation and malignant plasma cell. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:5639-5652. [PMID: 28459970 PMCID: PMC5449613 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that attenuate expression of their mRNA targets. Here, we developed a new method and an R package, to easily infer candidate miRNA–mRNA target interactions that could be functional during a given biological process. Using this method, we described, for the first time, a comprehensive integrated analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs during human normal plasma cell differentiation (PCD). Our results reveal 63 miRNAs with significant temporal changes in their expression during normal PCD. We derived a high-confidence network of 295 target relationships comprising 47 miRNAs and 141 targets. These relationships include new examples of miRNAs that appear to coordinately regulate multiple members of critical pathways associated with PCD. Consistent with this, we have experimentally validated a role for the miRNA-30b/c/d-mediated regulation of key PCD factors (IRF4, PRDM1, ELL2 and ARID3A). Furthermore, we found that 24 PCD stage-specific miRNAs are aberrantly overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor plasma cells compared to their normal counterpart, suggesting that MM cells frequently acquired expression changes in miRNAs already undergoing dynamic expression modulation during normal PCD. Altogether, our analysis identifies candidate novel key miRNAs regulating networks of significance for normal PCD and malignant plasma cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alboukadel Kassambara
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Jourdan
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Bruyer
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Robert
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Bernard Klein
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHRU Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UPR1142, 34000 Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
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38
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Thaxton JE, Wallace C, Riesenberg B, Zhang Y, Paulos CM, Beeson CC, Liu B, Li Z. Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Controls CD4 + T-cell Activation and Antitumor Function. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [PMID: 28642246 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an energy-sensing organelle with intimate ties to programming cell activation and metabolic fate. T-cell receptor (TCR) activation represents a form of acute cell stress and induces mobilization of ER Ca2+ stores. The role of the ER in programming T-cell activation and metabolic fate remains largely undefined. Gp96 is an ER protein with functions as a molecular chaperone and Ca2+ buffering protein. We hypothesized that the ER stress response may be important for CD4+ T-cell activation and that gp96 may be integral to this process. To test our hypothesis, we utilized genetic deletion of the gp96 gene Hsp90b1 in a CD4+ T cell-specific manner. We show that gp96-deficient CD4+ T cells cannot undergo activation-induced glycolysis due to defective Ca2+ mobilization upon TCR engagement. We found that activating naïve CD4+ T cells while inhibiting ER Ca2+ exchange, through pharmacological blockade of the ER Ca2+ channel inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), led to a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ content and generated a pool of CD62Lhigh/CD44low CD4+ T cells compared with wild-type (WT) matched controls. In vivo IP3R-inhibited CD4+ T cells exhibited elevated tumor control above WT T cells. Together, these data show that ER-modulated cytosolic Ca2+ plays a role in defining CD4+ T-cell phenotype and function. Factors associated with the ER stress response are suitable targets for T cell-based immunotherapies. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 666-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Wallace
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brian Riesenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Hua Y, Yang Y, Sun S, Iwanowycz S, Westwater C, Reizis B, Li Z, Liu B. Gut homeostasis and regulatory T cell induction depend on molecular chaperone gp96 in CD11c + cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2171. [PMID: 28526855 PMCID: PMC5438351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal immunity and tolerance are orchestrated by both the innate and the adaptive immune system. Intestinal professional antigen presenting cells (pAPCs) recognize and respond to the gut microbiota through multiple pattern-recognition receptors, including TLRs and NLRs. How gut pAPCs maintain mucosal homeostasis remains incompletely understood. Heat shock protein gp96, also known as grp94, is an essential immune chaperone for TLRs. However, the role of gp96 in regulating CD11c+ APCs in the gut immunity and tolerance is unknown. By a genetic strategy, we report here that selective deletion of gp96 from CD11c+ cells in mice results in alteration of dendritic cell and T cell subsets in the gut as well as loss of antigen-specific regulatory T cell induction in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Strikingly, these conditional gp96-null mice developed spontaneous colitis, had increased levels of systemic and fecal IgA, and were highly susceptible to chemical-induced colitis. Our findings for the first time demonstrate that gp96 is essential for CD11c+ cells to induce regulatory T cells and maintain gut homeostasis, illustrating the importance of protein immune chaperone in safeguarding against immune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Shaoli Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Stephen Iwanowycz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States.
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40
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Ansa-Addo EA, Thaxton J, Hong F, Wu BX, Zhang Y, Fugle CW, Metelli A, Riesenberg B, Williams K, Gewirth DT, Chiosis G, Liu B, Li Z. Clients and Oncogenic Roles of Molecular Chaperone gp96/grp94. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 16:2765-78. [PMID: 27072698 DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160413141613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum heat shock protein (HSP) 90 paralogue, glycoprotein (gp) 96 possesses immunological properties by chaperoning antigenic peptides for activation of T cells. Genetic studies in the last decade have unveiled that gp96 is also an essential master chaperone for multiple receptors and secreting proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), integrins, the Wnt coreceptor, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6), the latent TGFβ docking receptor, Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP), Glycoprotein (GP) Ib and insulin-like growth factors (IGF). Clinically, elevated expression of gp96 in a variety of cancers correlates with the advanced stage and poor survival of cancer patients. Recent preclinical studies have also uncovered that gp96 expression is closely linked to cancer progression in multiple myeloma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer and inflammation-associated colon cancer. Thus, gp96 is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. The chaperone function of gp96 depends on its ATPase domain, which is structurally distinct from other HSP90 members, and thus favors the design of highly selective gp96-targeted inhibitors against cancer. We herein discuss the strategically important oncogenic clients of gp96 and their underlying biology. The roles of cell-intrinsic gp96 in T cell biology are also discussed, in part because it offers another opportunity of cancer therapy by manipulating levels of gp96 in T cells to enhance host immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29466, USA.
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Hong F, Mohammad Rachidi S, Lundgren D, Han D, Huang X, Zhao H, Kimura Y, Hirano H, Ohara O, Udono H, Meng S, Liu B, Li Z. Mapping the Interactome of a Major Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum Heat Shock Protein 90. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169260. [PMID: 28056051 PMCID: PMC5215799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 10% of cytosolic proteins are dependent on the mammalian heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) for folding. However, the interactors of its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) paralogue (gp96, Grp94 and HSP90b1) has not been systematically identified. By combining genetic and biochemical approaches, we have comprehensively mapped the interactome of gp96 in macrophages and B cells. A total of 511 proteins were reduced in gp96 knockdown cells, compared to levels observed in wild type cells. By immunoprecipitation, we found that 201 proteins associated with gp96. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that these proteins are involved in metabolism, transport, translation, protein folding, development, localization, response to stress and cellular component biogenesis. While known gp96 clients such as integrins, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Wnt co-receptor LRP6, were confirmed, cell surface HSP receptor CD91, TLR4 pathway protein CD180, WDR1, GANAB and CAPZB were identified as potentially novel substrates of gp96. Taken together, our study establishes gp96 as a critical chaperone to integrate innate immunity, Wnt signaling and organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Saleh Mohammad Rachidi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Debbie Lundgren
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Han
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Xiu Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Laboratory for Immunogenomics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Laboratory for Immunogenomics, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Heichiiro Udono
- Department of Immunology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (BL)
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZL); (BL)
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42
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Proteomic analysis reveals aberrant expression of CALR and HSPA5 in thyroid tissues of Graves' disease. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Maharaj KA, Que NLS, Hong F, Huck JD, Gill SK, Wu S, Li Z, Gewirth DT. Exploring the Functional Complementation between Grp94 and Hsp90. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166271. [PMID: 27824935 PMCID: PMC5100913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Grp94 and Hsp90 are the ER and cytoplasmic paralog members, respectively, of the hsp90 family of molecular chaperones. The structural and biochemical differences between Hsp90 and Grp94 that allow each paralog to efficiently chaperone its particular set of clients are poorly understood. The two paralogs exhibit a high degree of sequence similarity, yet also display significant differences in their quaternary conformations and ATPase activity. In order to identify the structural elements that distinguish Grp94 from Hsp90, we characterized the similarities and differences between the two proteins by testing the ability of Hsp90/Grp94 chimeras to functionally substitute for the wild-type chaperones in vivo. We show that the N-terminal domain or the combination of the second lobe of the Middle domain plus the C-terminal domain of Grp94 can functionally substitute for their yeast Hsp90 counterparts but that the equivalent Hsp90 domains cannot functionally replace their counterparts in Grp94. These results also identify the interface between the Middle and C-terminal domains as an important structural unit within the Hsp90 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Maharaj
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Nanette L. S. Que
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - John D. Huck
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabrina K. Gill
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zihai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Gewirth
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Sinha SS, Cameron J, Brooks JC, Leifer CA. Complex Negative Regulation of TLR9 by Multiple Proteolytic Cleavage Events. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1343-52. [PMID: 27421483 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TLR9 is an innate immune receptor important for recognizing DNA of host and foreign origin. A mechanism proposed to prevent excessive response to host DNA is the requirement for proteolytic cleavage of TLR9 in endosomes to generate a mature form of the receptor (TLR9(471-1032)). We previously described another cleavage event in the juxtamembrane region of the ectodomain that generated a dominant-negative form of TLR9. Thus, there are at least two independent cleavage events that regulate TLR9. In this study, we investigated whether an N-terminal fragment of TLR9 could be responsible for regulation of the mature or negative-regulatory form. We show that TLR9(471-1032), corresponding to the proteolytically cleaved form, does not function on its own. Furthermore, activity is not rescued by coexpression of the N-terminal fragment (TLR9(1-440)), inclusion of the hinge region (TLR9(441-1032)), or overexpression of UNC93B1, the last of which is critical for trafficking and cleavage of TLR9. TLR9(1-440) coimmunoprecipitates with full-length TLR9 and TLR9(471-1032) but does not rescue the native glycosylation pattern; thus, inappropriate trafficking likely explains why TLR9(471-1032) is nonfunctional. Lastly, we show that TLR9(471-1032) is also a dominant-negative regulator of TLR9 signaling. Together, these data provide a new perspective on the complexity of TLR9 regulation by proteolytic cleavage and offer potential ways to inhibit activity through this receptor, which may dampen autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha S Sinha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and
| | - Jody Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and
| | - James C Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and Glycobia Inc., Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Cynthia A Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and
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45
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Leifer CA, Medvedev AE. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:927-941. [PMID: 27343013 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr0316-117rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TLRs play a critical role in the detection of microbes and endogenous "alarmins" to initiate host defense, yet they can also contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To avoid pathogenic inflammation, TLR signaling is subject to multilayer regulatory control mechanisms, including cooperation with coreceptors, post-translational modifications, cleavage, cellular trafficking, and interactions with negative regulators. Nucleic acid-sensing TLRs are particularly interesting in this regard, as they can both recognize host-derived structures and require internalization of their ligand as a result of intracellular sequestration of the nucleic acid-sensing TLRs. This review summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of TLRs, including regulation of their access to ligands, receptor folding, intracellular trafficking, and post-translational modifications, as well as how altered control mechanism could contribute to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; and
| | - Andrei E Medvedev
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Heath Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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46
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Ellgaard L, McCaul N, Chatsisvili A, Braakman I. Co- and Post-Translational Protein Folding in the ER. Traffic 2016; 17:615-38. [PMID: 26947578 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical rules that govern folding of small, single-domain proteins in dilute solutions are now quite well understood. The mechanisms underlying co-translational folding of multidomain and membrane-spanning proteins in complex cellular environments are often less clear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces a plethora of membrane and secretory proteins, which must fold and assemble correctly before ER exit - if these processes fail, misfolded species accumulate in the ER or are degraded. The ER differs from other cellular organelles in terms of the physicochemical environment and the variety of ER-specific protein modifications. Here, we review chaperone-assisted co- and post-translational folding and assembly in the ER and underline the influence of protein modifications on these processes. We emphasize how method development has helped advance the field by allowing researchers to monitor the progression of folding as it occurs inside living cells, while at the same time probing the intricate relationship between protein modifications during folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas McCaul
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Chatsisvili
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ineke Braakman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Hasan M, Gruber E, Cameron J, Leifer CA. TLR9 stability and signaling are regulated by phosphorylation and cell stress. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:525-33. [PMID: 26957214 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0815-337r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate sensing of pathogens elicits protective immune responses through pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors. Although signaling by Toll-like receptors is regulated at multiple steps, including localization, trafficking, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation, the significance of post-translational modifications and cellular stress response on Toll-like receptor stability and signaling is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs in Toll-like receptor-9 stability, proteolytic cleavage, and signaling. We demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for mouse Toll-like receptor-9 protein stability and signaling. Upon inhibition of tyrosine kinases with piceatannol, Toll-like receptor-9 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CpG deoxyribonucleic acid was inhibited, which correlated with decreased signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of Src kinases with 1-tert-Butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine also inhibited response to CpG deoxyribonucleic acid. Toll-like receptor-9 protein stability was also sensitive to autophagy, the cellular stress response pathway, and infection by a deoxyribonucleic acid virus. Whereas autophagy induced by rapamycin or low serum levels caused a preferential loss of the mature p80 proteolytic cleavage product, infection with herpes simplex virus-1 and induction of cell stress with tunicamycin caused preferential loss of full-length Toll-like receptor-9, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data reveal new information about the stability and signaling of Toll-like receptor-9 and suggest that immune evasion mechanisms may involve targeted loss of innate sensing receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Hasan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Erika Gruber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jody Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia A Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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48
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Di XJ, Wang YJ, Han DY, Fu YL, Duerfeldt AS, Blagg BSJ, Mu TW. Grp94 Protein Delivers γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptors to Hrd1 Protein-mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9526-39. [PMID: 26945068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis maintenance of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors dictates their function in controlling neuronal inhibition in mammalian central nervous systems. However, as a multisubunit, multispan, integral membrane protein, even wild type subunits of GABAA receptors fold and assemble inefficiently in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Unassembled and misfolded subunits undergo ER-associated degradation (ERAD), but this degradation process remains poorly understood for GABAA receptors. Here, using the α1 subunits of GABAA receptors as a model substrate, we demonstrated that Grp94, a metazoan-specific Hsp90 in the ER lumen, uses its middle domain to interact with the α1 subunits and positively regulates their ERAD. OS-9, an ER-resident lectin, acts downstream of Grp94 to further recognize misfolded α1 subunits in a glycan-dependent manner. This delivers misfolded α1 subunits to the Hrd1-mediated ubiquitination and the valosin-containing protein-mediated extraction pathway. Repressing the initial ERAD recognition step by inhibiting Grp94 enhances the functional surface expression of misfolding-prone α1(A322D) subunits, which causes autosomal dominant juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. This study clarifies a Grp94-mediated ERAD pathway for GABAA receptors, which provides a novel way to finely tune their function in physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Di
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Ya-Juan Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Dong-Yun Han
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Yan-Lin Fu
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Adam S Duerfeldt
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, and
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Ting-Wei Mu
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics,
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49
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Zuo D, Subjeck J, Wang XY. Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26973652 PMCID: PMC4771732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of eukaryotes are evolutionarily conserved molecules present in all the major intracellular organelles. They mainly function as molecular chaperones and participate in maintenance of protein homeostasis in physiological state and under stressful conditions. Despite their relative abundance, the large HSPs, i.e., Hsp110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 (Grp170), have received less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. These proteins are distantly related to the Hsp70 and belong to Hsp70 superfamily. Increased sizes of Hsp110 and Grp170, due to the presence of a loop structure, result in their exceptional capability in binding to polypeptide substrates or non-protein ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecules. These interactions that occur in the extracellular environment during tissue injury or microbial infection may lead to amplification of an immune response engaging both innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review the current advances in understanding these large HSPs as molecular chaperones in proteostasis control and immune modulation as well as their therapeutic implications in treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their unique immunoregulatory activities, we also discuss the emerging evidence of their potential involvement in inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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50
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Ghosh S, Shinogle HE, Galeva NA, Dobrowsky RT, Blagg BSJ. Endoplasmic Reticulum-resident Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Isoform Glucose-regulated Protein 94 (GRP94) Regulates Cell Polarity and Cancer Cell Migration by Affecting Intracellular Transport. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8309-23. [PMID: 26872972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.688374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is up-regulated in cancer and is required for the folding of numerous signaling proteins. Consequently, HSP90 represents an ideal target for the development of new anti-cancer agents. The human HSP90 isoform, glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), resides in the endoplasmic reticulum and regulates secretory pathways, integrins, and Toll-like receptors, which contribute to regulating immunity and metastasis. However, the cellular function of GRP94 remains underinvestigated. We report that GRP94 knockdown cells are defective in intracellular transport and, consequently, negatively impact the trafficking of F-actin toward the cellular cortex, integrin α2 and integrin αL toward the cell membrane and filopodia, and secretory vesicles containing the HSP90α-AHA1-survivin complex toward the leading edge. As a result, GRP94 knockdown cells form a multipolar spindle instead of bipolar morphology and consequently manifest a defect in cell migration and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick T Dobrowsky
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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