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Zhu H, Chen HJ, Wen HY, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Engineered Lipidic Nanomaterials Inspired by Sphingomyelin Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:5366. [PMID: 37513239 PMCID: PMC10383197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) and its metabolites are crucial regulators of tumor cell growth, differentiation, senescence, and programmed cell death. With the rise in lipid-based nanomaterials, engineered lipidic nanomaterials inspired by SM metabolism, corresponding lipid targeting, and signaling activation have made fascinating advances in cancer therapeutic processes. In this review, we first described the specific pathways of SM metabolism and the roles of their associated bioactive molecules in mediating cell survival or death. We next summarized the advantages and specific applications of SM metabolism-based lipidic nanomaterials in specific cancer therapies. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of this emerging and promising SM metabolism-based nanomaterials research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hua-Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Di Pietro P, Izzo C, Abate AC, Iesu P, Rusciano MR, Venturini E, Visco V, Sommella E, Ciccarelli M, Carrizzo A, Vecchione C. The Dark Side of Sphingolipids: Searching for Potential Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010168. [PMID: 36671552 PMCID: PMC9855992 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and illness in Europe and worldwide, responsible for a staggering 47% of deaths in Europe. Over the past few years, there has been increasing evidence pointing to bioactive sphingolipids as drivers of CVDs. Among them, most studies place emphasis on the cardiovascular effect of ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), reporting correlation between their aberrant expression and CVD risk factors. In experimental in vivo models, pharmacological inhibition of de novo ceramide synthesis averts the development of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In humans, levels of circulating sphingolipids have been suggested as prognostic indicators for a broad spectrum of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of sphingolipids' contribution to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and metabolic diseases, focusing on the latest experimental and clinical findings. Cumulatively, these studies indicate that monitoring sphingolipid level alterations could allow for better assessment of cardiovascular disease progression and/or severity, and also suggest them as a potential target for future therapeutic intervention. Some approaches may include the down-regulation of specific sphingolipid species levels in the circulation, by inhibiting critical enzymes that catalyze ceramide metabolism, such as ceramidases, sphingomyelinases and sphingosine kinases. Therefore, manipulation of the sphingolipid pathway may be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Angela Carmelita Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Iesu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Vascular Physiopathology Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
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Ballermann BJ, Nyström J, Haraldsson B. The Glomerular Endothelium Restricts Albumin Filtration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766689. [PMID: 34912827 PMCID: PMC8667033 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory activation and/or dysfunction of the glomerular endothelium triggers proteinuria in many systemic and localized vascular disorders. Among them are the thrombotic microangiopathies, many forms of glomerulonephritis, and acute inflammatory episodes like sepsis and COVID-19 illness. Another example is the chronic endothelial dysfunction that develops in cardiovascular disease and in metabolic disorders like diabetes. While the glomerular endothelium is a porous sieve that filters prodigious amounts of water and small solutes, it also bars the bulk of albumin and large plasma proteins from passing into the glomerular filtrate. This endothelial barrier function is ascribed predominantly to the endothelial glycocalyx with its endothelial surface layer, that together form a relatively thick, mucinous coat composed of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, sialomucins and other glycoproteins, as well as secreted and circulating proteins. The glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer not only covers the glomerular endothelium; it extends into the endothelial fenestrae. Some glycocalyx components span or are attached to the apical endothelial cell plasma membrane and form the formal glycocalyx. Other components, including small proteoglycans and circulating proteins like albumin and orosomucoid, form the endothelial surface layer and are bound to the glycocalyx due to weak intermolecular interactions. Indeed, bound plasma albumin is a major constituent of the endothelial surface layer and contributes to its barrier function. A role for glomerular endothelial cells in the barrier of the glomerular capillary wall to protein filtration has been demonstrated by many elegant studies. However, it can only be fully understood in the context of other components, including the glomerular basement membrane, the podocytes and reabsorption of proteins by tubule epithelial cells. Discovery of the precise mechanisms that lead to glycocalyx/endothelial surface layer disruption within glomerular capillaries will hopefully lead to pharmacological interventions that specifically target this important structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Liu W, Luo H, Wei Q, Liu J, Wu J, Zhang Y, Chen L, Ren W, Shao L. Electrochemically derived nanographene oxide activates endothelial tip cells and promotes angiogenesis by binding endogenous lysophosphatidic acid. Bioact Mater 2021; 9:92-104. [PMID: 34820558 PMCID: PMC8586026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits good mechanical and physicochemical characteristics and has extensive application prospects in bone tissue engineering. However, its effect on angiogenesis is unclear, and its potential toxic effects are heavily disputed. Herein, we found that nanographene oxide (NGO) synthesized by one-step water electrolytic oxidation is smaller and shows superior biocompatibility. Moreover, NGO significantly enhanced angiogenesis in calvarial bone defect areas in vivo, providing a good microenvironment for bone regeneration. Endothelial tip cell differentiation is an important step in the initiation of angiogenesis. We verified that NGO activates endothelial tip cells by coupling with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in serum via strong hydrogen bonding interactions, which has not been reported. In addition, the mechanism by which NGO promotes angiogenesis was systematically studied. NGO-coupled LPA activates LPAR6 and facilitates the formation of migratory tip cells via Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulation or additional complex modifications. These results provide an effective strategy for the application of electrochemically derived NGO and more insight into NGO-mediated angiogenesis. Electrochemically derived nanographene oxide (NGO) has good cytocompatibility without upregulating reactive oxygen species. NGO exhibits better dispersibility and couples with endogenous lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in body fluid. NGO enhances the angiogenesis by recruiting endogenous LPA and promoting endothelial tip cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haiyun Luo
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Qinwei Wei
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Corresponding author. Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Greiwe G, Moritz E, Amschler K, Poppe A, Sarwari H, Nierhaus A, Kluge S, Reichenspurner H, Zoellner C, Schwedhelm E, Daum G, Tampe B, Winkler MS. Dynamics of Vascular Protective and Immune Supportive Sphingosine-1-Phosphate During Cardiac Surgery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761475. [PMID: 34745137 PMCID: PMC8563789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid and crucial in vascular protection and immune response. S1P mediated processes involve regulation of the endothelial barrier, blood pressure and S1P is the only known inducer of lymphocyte migration. Low levels of circulatory S1P correlate with severe systemic inflammatory syndromes such as sepsis and shock states, which are associated with endothelial barrier breakdown and immunosuppression. We investigated whether S1P levels are affected by sterile inflammation induced by cardiac surgery. Materials and Methods In this prospective observational study we included 46 cardiac surgery patients, with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, n=31) and without CPB (off-pump, n=15). Serum-S1P, S1P-sources and carriers, von-Willebrand factor (vWF), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured at baseline, post-surgery and at day 1 (POD 1) and day 4 (POD 4) after surgical stimulus. Results Median S1P levels at baseline were 0.77 nmol/mL (IQR 0.61-0.99) and dropped significantly post-surgery. S1P was lowest post-surgery with median levels of 0.37 nmol/mL (IQR 0.31-0.47) after CPB and 0.46 nmol/mL (IQR 0.36-0.51) after off-pump procedures (P<0.001). The decrease of S1P was independent of surgical technique and observed in all individuals. In patients, in which S1P levels did not recover to preoperative baseline ICU stay was longer and postoperative inflammation was more severe. S1P levels are associated with its sources and carriers and vWF, as a more specific endothelial injury marker, in different phases of the postoperative course. Determination of S1P levels during surgery suggested that also the anticoagulative effect of heparin might influence systemic S1P. Discussion In summary, serum-S1P levels are disrupted by major cardiac surgery. Low S1P levels post-surgery may play a role as a new marker for severity of cardiac surgery induced inflammation. Due to well-known protective effects of S1P, low S1P levels may further contribute to the observed prolonged ICU stay and worse clinical status. Moreover, we cannot exclude a potential inhibitory effect on circulating S1P levels by heparin anticoagulation during surgery, which would be a new pro-inflammatory pleiotropic effect of high dose heparin in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillis Greiwe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Moritz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of General Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Amschler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annika Poppe
- Clinic and Policlinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harun Sarwari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Nierhaus
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Zoellner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian Winkler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Marfia G, Navone S, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Mondoni M, Locatelli M, Barassi A, Fontana L, Palumbo F, Garzia E, Ciniglio Appiani G, Chiumello D, Miozzo M, Centanni S, Riboni L. Decreased serum level of sphingosine-1-phosphate: a novel predictor of clinical severity in COVID-19. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13424. [PMID: 33190411 PMCID: PMC7744841 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a crucial problem in patient treatment and outcome. The aim of this study is to evaluate circulating level of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) along with severity markers, in COVID-19 patients. One hundred eleven COVID-19 patients and forty-seven healthy subjects were included. The severity of COVID-19 was found significantly associated with anemia, lymphocytopenia, and significant increase of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, ferritin, fibrinogen, aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer. Serum S1P level was inversely associated with COVID-19 severity, being significantly correlated with CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer. The decrease in S1P was strongly associated with the number of erythrocytes, the major source of plasma S1P, and both apolipoprotein M and albumin, the major transporters of blood S1P. Not last, S1P was found to be a relevant predictor of admission to an intensive care unit, and patient's outcome. Circulating S1P emerged as negative biomarker of severity/mortality of COVID-19 patients. Restoring abnormal S1P levels to a normal range may have the potential to be a therapeutic target in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell TherapyNeurosurgery UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso"Aeronautica MilitareMilanItaly
- Aldo Ravelli” Research CenterMilanItaly
| | - Stefania Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell TherapyNeurosurgery UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Aldo Ravelli” Research CenterMilanItaly
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell TherapyNeurosurgery UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell TherapyNeurosurgery UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Michele Mondoni
- Respiratory UnitASST Santi Paolo e CarloDepartment of Health SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell TherapyNeurosurgery UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
- Aldo Ravelli” Research CenterMilanItaly
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Physiopathology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alessandra Barassi
- Laboratory of Clinical BiochemistryASST Santi Paolo e CarloDepartment of Health SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Physiopathology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Fabrizio Palumbo
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso"Aeronautica MilitareMilanItaly
| | - Emanuele Garzia
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale "A. Mosso"Aeronautica MilitareMilanItaly
- Reproductive Medicine UnitASST Santi Paolo e CarloUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Physiopathology and TransplantationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Unit of Research Laboratories CoordinationFondazione IRCCS Ca' GrandaOspedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Centanni
- Respiratory UnitASST Santi Paolo e CarloDepartment of Health SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational MedicineLITA‐Segrate, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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7
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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Zhao J, Zhang S, Chen L, Liu X, Su H, Chen L, Yang L, Zhang H. Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects against radiation-induced ovarian injury in female rats-impact on mitochondrial-related genes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:99. [PMID: 33046081 PMCID: PMC7549217 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of ionizing radiation on the gonads have been widely recognized. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has a protective effect on ovarian injury, and although it is known that mitochondria are involved in this process, the specific mechanism is not fully understood. The present study analysed the changes in the serum AMH and ovarian histology in Sprague-Dawley female rats exposed to X-ray radiation only or co-administered with S1P. The mRNA expression profile of ovarian tissue was further analysed via next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approaches to screen out candidate mitochondria-related genes. Finally, differentially expressed target genes were verified by real-time PCR. The results showed that ionizing radiation could reduce the serum AMH level, destroy ovarian structure and decrease the number of follicles in rats, while S1P administration significantly attenuated the impairment of ovarian function. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that a variety of genes related to mitochondrial function were differentially expressed, and the protective effect of S1P on mitochondria was more obvious in the acute phase 24 h after radiation. The differentially expressed mitochondrial function-related genes associated with the protective effect of S1P were UQCRH, MICU2 and GPX4, which were subsequently verified by RT-PCR. Therefore, ionizing radiation has a significant effect on ovarian function, and S1P has a protective effect on radiation-induced ovarian injury, in which mitochondria may play an important role. This study sheds new light on the mechanism of radiation-induced ovarian injury and helps develop a novel potential strategy to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, NO.669 Qindongmen Road, Lianyungang, 222001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liesong Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haihong Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, NO.1055 SanXiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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Wafa D, Koch N, Kovács J, Kerék M, Proia RL, Tigyi GJ, Benyó Z, Miklós Z. Opposing Roles of S1P 3 Receptors in Myocardial Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081770. [PMID: 32722120 PMCID: PMC7466142 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator with diverse biological function mediated by S1P1–5 receptors. Whereas S1P was shown to protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, other studies highlighted its vasoconstrictor effects. We aimed to separate the beneficial and potentially deleterious cardiac effects of S1P during I/R and identify the signaling pathways involved. Wild type (WT), S1P2-KO and S1P3-KO Langendorff-perfused murine hearts were exposed to intravascular S1P, I/R, or both. S1P induced a 45% decrease of coronary flow (CF) in WT-hearts. The presence of S1P-chaperon albumin did not modify this effect. CF reduction diminished in S1P3-KO but not in S1P2-KO hearts, indicating that in our model S1P3 mediates coronary vasoconstriction. In I/R experiments, S1P3 deficiency had no influence on postischemic CF but diminished functional recovery and increased infarct size, indicating a cardioprotective effect of S1P3. Preischemic S1P exposure resulted in a substantial reduction of postischemic CF and cardiac performance and increased the infarcted area. Although S1P3 deficiency increased postischemic CF, this failed to improve cardiac performance. These results indicate a dual role of S1P3 involving a direct protective action on the myocardium and a cardiosuppressive effect due to coronary vasoconstriction. In acute coronary syndrome when S1P may be released abundantly, intravascular and myocardial S1P production might have competing influences on myocardial function via activation of S1P3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Wafa
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nóra Koch
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Janka Kovács
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Margit Kerék
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Richard L. Proia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institues of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Gábor J. Tigyi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Miklós
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (N.K.); (J.K.); (M.K.); (G.J.T.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (Z.M.)
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10
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Amaral RF, Geraldo LHM, Einicker-Lamas M, E Spohr TCLDS, Mendes F, Lima FRS. Microglial lysophosphatidic acid promotes glioblastoma proliferation and migration via LPA 1 receptor. J Neurochem 2020; 156:499-512. [PMID: 32438456 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are highly aggressive primary brain tumors characterized by cellular heterogeneity, insensitivity to chemotherapy and poor patient survival. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that acts as a bioactive signaling molecule and plays important roles in diverse biological events during development and disease, including several cancer types. Microglial cells, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, express high levels of Autotaxin (ATX,Enpp2), an enzyme that synthetizes LPA. Our study aimed to investigate the role of LPA on tumor growth and invasion in the context of microglia-GBM interaction. First, through bioinformatics studies, patient data analysis demonstrated that more aggressive GBM expressed higher levels of ENPP2, which was also associated with worse patient prognosis with proneural GBM. Using GBM-microglia co-culture system we then demonstrated that GBM secreted factors were able to increase LPA1 and ATX in microglia, which could be further enhanced by hypoxia. On the other hand, interaction with microglial cells also increased ATX expression in GBM. Furthermore, microglial-induced GBM proliferation and migration could be inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of LPA1 , suggesting that microglial-derived LPA could support tumor growth and invasion. Finally, increased LPA1 expression was observed in GBM comparing with other gliomas and could be also associated with worse patient survival. These results show for the first time a microglia-GBM interaction through the LPA pathway with relevant implications for tumor progression. A better understanding of this interaction can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies setting LPA as a potential target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rackele F Amaral
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz H M Geraldo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Einicker-Lamas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tania C L de S E Spohr
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer - Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia R S Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Tumor-Educated Platelets and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma: Another Brick in the Wall for Novel Prognostic and Targetable Biomarkers, Changing the Vision from a Localized Tumor to a Systemic Pathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020294. [PMID: 31991805 PMCID: PMC7072723 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating platelets (PLTs) are able to affect glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment by supplying oncopromoter and pro-angiogenic factors. Among these mediators, sphingosine-1-phophate (S1P) has emerged as a potent bioactive lipid enhancing cell proliferation and survival. Here, we investigated the effect of “tumor education”, characterizing PLTs from GBM patients in terms of activation state, protein content, and pro-angiogenic potential. PLTs from healthy donors (HD-PLTs) and GBM patients (GBM-PLTs) were collected, activated, and analyzed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. To assess the pro-angiogenic contribution of GBM-PLTs, a functional cord formation assay was performed on GBM endothelial cells (GECs) with PLT-releasate. GBM-PLTs expressed higher positivity for P-selectin compared to HD-PLTs, both in basal conditions and after stimulation with adenosine triphosphate (ADP) and thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP). PLTs showed higher expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VWF, S1P, S1PR1, SphK1, and SPNS. Interestingly, increased concentrations of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, VWF, and S1P were found in GBM-PLT-releasate with respect to HD-PLTs. Finally, GBM-PLT-releasate showed a pro-angiogenic effect on GECs, increasing the vascular network’s complexity. Overall, our results demonstrated the contribution of PLTs to GBM angiogenesis and aggressiveness, advancing the potential of an anti-PLT therapy and the usefulness of PLT cargo as predictive and monitoring biomarkers.
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12
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Jojima K, Edagawa M, Sawai M, Ohno Y, Kihara A. Biosynthesis of the anti-lipid-microdomain sphingoid base 4,14-sphingadiene by the ceramide desaturase FADS3. FASEB J 2020; 34:3318-3335. [PMID: 31916624 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are multifunctional lipids. Among the sphingolipid-component sphingoid bases, 4,14-sphingadiene (SPD) is unique such that it has a cis double bond with a bent structure. Although SPD was discovered half a century ago, its tissue distribution, biosynthesis, and degradation remain poorly understood. Here, we established a specific and quantitative method for SPD measurement and found that SPD exists in a wide range of mammalian tissues. SPD was especially abundant in kidney, where the amount of SPD was ~2/3 of sphingosine, the most abundant sphingoid base in mammals. Although SPD is metabolized to ceramides and SPD 1-phosphate with almost the same efficiency as sphingosine, it is less susceptible to degradation by a cleavage reaction, at least in vitro. We identified the fatty acid desaturase family protein FADS3 as a ceramide desaturase that produces SPD ceramides by desaturating ceramides containing sphingosine. SPD sphingolipids were preferentially localized outside lipid microdomains, suggesting that SPD has different functions compared to other sphingoid bases in the formation of lipid microdomains. In summary, we revealed the biosynthesis and degradation pathways of SPD and its characteristic membrane localization. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the generation of sphingolipid diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Jojima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mai Edagawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Megumi Sawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Ibuki M, Horiguchi I, Sakai Y. A novel tool for suspension culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Lysophospholipids as a cell aggregation regulator. Regen Ther 2019; 12:74-82. [PMID: 31890769 PMCID: PMC6933451 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspension culture for the increase in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has been one of the major challenges. Previously, we reported that albumin-associated lipids prevented aggregation of hiPSCs, whereas, lipids responsible for this function were unclear. Here, by using cell aggregation assay, we investigated principal lipids regulated aggregation size of hiPSCs. As a result, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), known as lysophospholipids acting as a signaling molecule, were identified. These lipids regulated the aggregation size in a dose-dependent manner. Aggregates formed with these lipids kept the high-expression rates of pluripotent marker genes and had the abilities of proliferation. These studies demonstrated that LPA and S1P were useful for suspension culture for hiPSCs without affecting the growth ability and pluripotency of hiPSCs. This knowledge will lead to the development of a simple and robust method for the mass culture of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ibuki
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, 6-7-3, Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ikki Horiguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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14
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Abbineni PS, Coorssen JR. Sphingolipids modulate docking, Ca 2+ sensitivity and membrane fusion of native cortical vesicles. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:43-54. [PMID: 30195064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Docking, priming, and membrane fusion of secretory vesicles (i.e. regulated exocytosis) requires lipids and proteins. Sphingolipids, in particular, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, have been implicated in the modulation of exocytosis. However, the specific exocytotic steps that sphingolipids modulate and the enzymes that regulate sphingolipid concentrations on native secretory vesicle membranes remain unknown. Here we use tightly coupled functional and molecular analyses of fusion-ready cell surface complexes and cortical vesicles isolated from oocytes to assess the role of sphingolipids in the late, Ca2+-triggered steps of exocytosis. The molecular changes resulting from treatments with sphingolipid modifying compounds coupled with immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of sphingosine kinase on native vesicles; the presence of a sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase is also indicated. Changes in sphingolipid concentrations on vesicles altered their docking/priming, Ca2+-sensitivity, and ability to fuse, indicating that sphingolipid concentrations are tightly regulated and maintained at optimal levels and ratios to ensure efficient exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhodh S Abbineni
- Department of Molecular Physiology, and the WSU Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Jens R Coorssen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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The development of simple flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometric methods for the cutaneous determination of peptide-modified cationic gemini surfactants used as gene delivery vectors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:536-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Marcantoni E, Allen N, Cambria MR, Dann R, Cammer M, Lhakhang T, O’Brien MP, Kim B, Worgall T, Heguy A, Tsirigos A, Berger JS. Platelet Transcriptome Profiling in HIV and ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 4 (ABCC4) as a Mediator of Platelet Activity. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:9-22. [PMID: 30062189 PMCID: PMC6058944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unbiased platelet transcriptome profile identified ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (ABCC4) as a novel mediator of platelet activity in virologically suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Using ex vivo and in vitro cellular and molecular assays we demonstrated that ABCC4 regulated platelet activation by altering granule release and cyclic nucleotide homeostasis through a cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated mechanism. Platelet ABCC4 inhibition attenuated platelet activation and effector cell function by reducing the release of inflammatory mediators, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate. ABCC4 inhibition may represent a novel antithrombotic strategy in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy.
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Key Words
- ABCC4
- ABCC4, ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4
- ART, antiretroviral therapy
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- HIV
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell(s)
- IL, interleukin
- NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- PAH, pulmonary artery hypertension
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RNA-Seq, RNA sequencing
- RT, room temperature
- S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate
- VASP, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- cardiovascular disease
- platelet activity
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Marcantoni
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Allen
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Matthew R. Cambria
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Rebecca Dann
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Cammer
- DART Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tenzin Lhakhang
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Meagan P. O’Brien
- Divisions of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tilla Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Genome Technology Center, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey S. Berger
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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17
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YATOMI Y, KURANO M, IKEDA H, IGARASHI K, KANO K, AOKI J. Lysophospholipids in laboratory medicine. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2018; 94:373-389. [PMID: 30541965 PMCID: PMC6374142 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.94.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs), such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), are attracting attention as second-generation lipid mediators. In our laboratory, the functional roles of these lipid mediators and the mechanisms by which the levels of these mediators are regulated in vivo have been studied. Based on these studies, the clinical introduction of assays for LPLs and related proteins has been pursued and will be described in this review. Although assays of these lipids themselves are possible, autotaxin (ATX), apolipoprotein M (ApoM), and phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A1 (PS-PLA1) are more promising as alternate biomarkers for LPA, S1P, and LysoPS, respectively. Presently, ATX, which produces LPA through its lysophospholipase D activity, has been shown to be a useful laboratory test for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, whereas PS-PLA1 and ApoM are considered to be promising clinical markers reflecting the in vivo actions induced by LysoPS and S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka YATOMI
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: Y. Yatomi, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Makoto KURANO
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi IKEDA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji IGARASHI
- Bioscience Division, TOSOH Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki KANO
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junken AOKI
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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18
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Vu TM, Ishizu AN, Foo JC, Toh XR, Zhang F, Whee DM, Torta F, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Matsumura T, Kim S, Toh SAES, Suda T, Silver DL, Wenk MR, Nguyen LN. Mfsd2b is essential for the sphingosine-1-phosphate export in erythrocytes and platelets. Nature 2017; 550:524-528. [PMID: 29045386 DOI: 10.1038/nature24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent signalling lipid secreted by red blood cells and platelets, plays numerous biologically significant roles. However, the identity of its long-sought exporter is enigmatic. Here we show that the major facilitator superfamily transporter 2b (Mfsd2b), an orphan transporter, is essential for S1P export from red blood cells and platelets. Comprehensive lipidomic analysis indicates a dramatic and specific accumulation of S1P species in Mfsd2b knockout red blood cells and platelets compared with that of wild-type controls. Consistently, biochemical assays from knockout red blood cells, platelets, and cell lines overexpressing human and mouse Mfsd2b proteins demonstrate that Mfsd2b actively exports S1P. Plasma S1P level in knockout mice is significantly reduced by 42-54% of that of wild-type level, indicating that Mfsd2b pathway contributes approximately half of the plasma S1P pool. The reduction of plasma S1P in knockout mice is insufficient to cause blood vessel leakiness, but it does render the mice more sensitive to anaphylactic shock. Stress-induced erythropoiesis significantly increased plasma S1P levels and knockout mice were sensitive to these treatments. Surprisingly, knockout mice exhibited haemolysis associated with red blood cell stomatocytes, and the haemolytic phenotype was severely increased with signs of membrane fragility under stress erythropoiesis. We show that S1P secretion by Mfsd2b is critical for red blood cell morphology. Our data reveal an unexpected physiological role of red blood cells in sphingolipid metabolism in circulation. These findings open new avenues for investigating the signalling roles of S1P derived from red blood cells and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiet M Vu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545
| | - Ayako-Nakamura Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - Juat Chin Foo
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Xiu Ru Toh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545
| | - Fangyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545
| | - Ding Ming Whee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Sue-Anne E S Toh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - David L Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545.,Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456
| | - Long N Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Medical Drive, Singapore 117545
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19
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Meyer J, Balaphas A, Fontana P, Sadoul K, Morel P, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler L. Platelets in liver regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Meyer
- Division of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospitals of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
- Unit of Surgical Research; University of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
| | - A. Balaphas
- Division of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospitals of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
- Unit of Surgical Research; University of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
| | - P. Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis; University Hospitals of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
- Geneva Platelet Group; University of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
| | - K. Sadoul
- Regulation and pharmacology of the cytoskeleton; Institute for Advanced Biosciences; Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble France
| | - P. Morel
- Division of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospitals of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
- Unit of Surgical Research; University of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
| | | | - L. Bühler
- Division of Digestive and Transplantation Surgery; University Hospitals of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
- Unit of Surgical Research; University of Geneva; Genève Switzerland
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20
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Fang R, Zhang LL, Zhang LZ, Li W, Li M, Wen K. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Postconditioning Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury in Rats via Mitochondrial Signaling and Akt-Gsk3β Phosphorylation. Arch Med Res 2017. [PMID: 28625317 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although preconditioning of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been shown to protect myocytes from hypoxia reoxgenation injury in vitro, the role of S1P postconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) in vivo and its related mechanism are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) postconditioning in MIRI via its effects on mitochondrial signaling and Akt/Gsk3β phosphorylation. METHODS Rats were subjected to MIRI, consisting of 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion, with S1P administered at the beginning of the reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size and apoptotic index were measured by triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) and terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays, respectively. Akt and Gsk3β phosphorylation, caspase-3 cleavage, and cytochrome c translocation were assessed by western blot. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ) were also examined to determine overall mitochondrial function. RESULTS S1P postconditioning significantly decreased myocardial infarct size and apoptosis, as well as enhanced Akt and Gsk3β phosphorylation, attenuated caspase-3 cleavage and cytosolic cytochrome c translocation, and inhibited MPTP opening, which subsequently preserved Δψ. Electron microscopy also confirmed that S1P helped maintain myocardial mitochondria integrity. Moreover, the protective effects of S1P treatment were blocked by cotreatment with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that S1P postconditioning protects against MIRI by regulating mitochondrial signaling and Akt/Gsk3β phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Centre Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenchang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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21
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Dusaban SS, Chun J, Rosen H, Purcell NH, Brown JH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 and RhoA signaling mediate inflammatory gene expression in astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:111. [PMID: 28577576 PMCID: PMC5455202 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signals through G protein-coupled receptors to elicit a wide range of cellular responses. In CNS injury and disease, the blood-brain barrier is compromised, causing leakage of S1P from blood into the brain. S1P can also be locally generated through the enzyme sphingosine kinase-1 (Sphk1). Our previous studies demonstrated that S1P activates inflammation in murine astrocytes. The S1P1 receptor subtype has been most associated with CNS disease, particularly multiple sclerosis. S1P3 is most highly expressed and upregulated on astrocytes, however, thus we explored the involvement of this receptor in inflammatory astrocytic responses. Methods Astrocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) or S1P3 knockout (KO) mice were treated with S1P3 selective drugs or transfected with short interfering RNA to determine which receptor subtypes mediate S1P-stimulated inflammatory responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFa) messenger RNA (mRNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein were assessed by q-PCR and Western blotting. Activation of RhoA was measured using SRE.L luciferase and RhoA implicated in S1P signaling by knockdown of Gα12/13 proteins or by inhibiting RhoA activation with C3 exoenzyme. Inflammation was simulated by in vitro scratch injury of cultured astrocytes. Results S1P3 was highly expressed in astrocytes and further upregulated in response to simulated inflammation. Studies using S1P3 knockdown and S1P3 KO astrocytes demonstrated that S1P3 mediates activation of RhoA and induction of COX-2, IL-6, and VEGFa mRNA, with some contribution from S1P2. S1P induces expression of all of these genes through coupling to the Gα12/13 proteins which activate RhoA. Studies using S1P3 selective agonists/antagonists as well as Fingolimod (FTY720) confirmed that stimulation of S1P3 induces COX-2 expression in astrocytes. Simulated inflammation increased expression of Sphk1 and consequently activated S1P3, demonstrating an autocrine pathway through which S1P is formed and released from astrocytes to regulate COX-2 expression. Conclusions S1P3, through its ability to activate RhoA and its upregulation in astrocytes, plays a unique role in inducing inflammatory responses and should be considered as a potentially important therapeutic target for CNS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Dusaban
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building Room 3024, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building Room 3024, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building Room 3024, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0636, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Vertebrates are endowed with a closed circulatory system, the evolution of which required novel structural and regulatory changes. Furthermore, immune cell trafficking paradigms adapted to the barriers imposed by the closed circulatory system. How did such changes occur mechanistically? We propose that spatial compartmentalization of the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) may be one such mechanism. In vertebrates, S1P is spatially compartmentalized in the blood and lymphatic circulation, thus comprising a sharp S1P gradient across the endothelial barrier. Circulatory S1P has critical roles in maturation and homeostasis of the vascular system as well as in immune cell trafficking. Physiological functions of S1P are tightly linked to shear stress, the key biophysical stimulus from blood flow. Thus, circulatory S1P confinement could be a primordial strategy of vertebrates in the development of a closed circulatory system. This review discusses the cellular and molecular basis of the S1P gradients and aims to interpret its physiological significance as a key feature of the closed circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
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23
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Kobayashi N, Otsuka M, Yamaguchi A, Nishi T. Fluorescence-based rapid measurement of sphingosine-1-phosphate transport activity in erythrocytes. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2088-2094. [PMID: 27655910 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is present in the blood plasma and acts as a pivotal intercellular signal transmitter in the immune system by recruiting lymphocytes from the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues. The plasma S1P concentration is maintained by the supply of S1P from erythrocytes. Previously, we showed that S1P release from erythrocytes is mediated by an ATP-dependent transporter. In this study, we attempted to establish a rapid and reliable method for measuring the S1P transport activity in erythrocytes by using a fluorescent S1P analog, 7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (NBD)-labeled S1P. NBD-S1P was released from erythrocytes in a time-dependent manner. The NBD-S1P release was reduced after exposure to glyburide, which is an inhibitor of the S1P transporter in erythrocytes. Moreover, the release of NBD-S1P and S1P from erythrocytes was competitively inhibited by intracellular S1P and NBD-S1P, respectively. These results showed that the erythrocyte S1P transporter exports NBD-S1P. We optimized the sample-preparation conditions and lipid extraction to increase the sensitivity of the assay. Furthermore, we successfully measured NBD-S1P release without lipid extraction by decreasing the concentration of BSA in the assay buffer to 0.1%. This method will be useful for the high-throughput screening of S1P transporter inhibitors using conventional fluorometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Masato Otsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamaguchi
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishi
- Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Nagura Y, Tsuno NH, Kano K, Inoue A, Aoki J, Hirowatari Y, Kaneko M, Kurano M, Matsuhashi M, Ohkawa R, Tozuka M, Yatomi Y, Okazaki H. Regulation of the lysophosphatidylserine and sphingosine 1-phosphate levels in autologous whole blood by the pre-storage leukocyte reduction. Transfus Med 2016; 26:365-372. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Nagura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. H. Tsuno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - A. Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - J. Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; Miyagi Japan
| | - Y. Hirowatari
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Saitama Prefectural University; Saitama Japan
| | - M. Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Matsuhashi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Laboratory Sciences, Department of Health Sciences; Saitama Prefectural University; Saitama Japan
| | - R. Ohkawa
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Tozuka
- Analytical Laboratory Chemistry, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - H. Okazaki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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25
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Kurokawa T, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N. Novel functions of platelets in the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:745-51. [PMID: 26632220 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets contain not only proteins needed for hemostasis but also many growth factors that are required for organ development, tissue regeneration, and repair. Thrombocytopenia, which is frequently observed in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis, is due to various causes, such as decreased thrombopoietin production and accelerated platelet destruction caused by hypersplenism; however, the relationship between thrombocytopenia and hepatic pathogenesis and the role of platelets in CLD are poorly understood. Thus, in this paper, the experimental evidence for platelets improving liver fibrosis and accelerating liver regeneration is summarized and addressed based on studies conducted in our laboratory and current progress reports from other investigators. Platelets improve liver fibrosis by inactivating hepatic stellate cells to decrease collagen production. The level of intracellular cAMP is increased by adenosine through its receptors on hepatic stellate cells, thereby resulting in inactivation of these cells. Adenosine is produced by degradation of adenine nucleotides, which are stored in abundance within the dense granules of platelets. The regenerative effect of platelets in the liver consists of three mechanisms: a direct effect on hepatocytes, a cooperative effect with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and a collaborative effect with Kupffer cells. Based on these experiments, a clinical trial suggested that the increase in platelets induced by platelet transfusion improved liver function in patients with CLD in a clinical setting.We highlight the current knowledge concerning the role of platelets in CLD and expect to open a novel avenue for application of these clinical therapies to treat liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kurokawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery, and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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26
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Vito CD, Hadi LA, Navone SE, Marfia G, Campanella R, Mancuso ME, Riboni L. Platelet-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate and inflammation: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications. Platelets 2016; 27:393-401. [PMID: 26950429 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2016.1144179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Beyond key functions in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are recognized as key players of inflammation, an underlying feature of a variety of diseases. In this regard, platelets act as a circulating source of several pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, which are secreted from their intracellular stores upon activation. Among them, mounting evidence highlights a crucial role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a multifunctional sphingoid mediator. S1P-induced pleiotropic effects include those crucial in inflammatory processes, such as the maintenance of the endothelial barrier integrity, and leukocyte activation and recruitment at the injured site. This review outlines the peculiar features and molecular mechanisms that allow platelets for acting as a unique factory that produces and stores S1P in large quantities. A particular emphasis is placed on the autocrine and paracrine roles of S1P derived from the "inflamed" platelets, highlighting the role of its cross-talk with endothelial and blood cells involved in inflammation, and the mechanisms of its contribution to the development and progression of inflammatory diseases. Finally, potential clinical implications of platelet-derived S1P as diagnostic tool of inflammatory severity, and as therapeutic target in inflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Loubna Abdel Hadi
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- b Neurosurgery Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- b Neurosurgery Unit, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- c Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Mancuso
- d Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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27
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Verma SK, Molitoris BA. Renal endothelial injury and microvascular dysfunction in acute kidney injury. Semin Nephrol 2015; 35:96-107. [PMID: 25795503 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is comprised of heterogeneous cell populations that function together to perform a number of tightly controlled, complex and interdependent processes. Renal endothelial cells contribute to vascular tone, regulation of blood flow to local tissue beds, modulation of coagulation and inflammation, and vascular permeability. Both ischemia and sepsis have profound effects on the renal endothelium, resulting in microvascular dysregulation resulting in continued ischemia and further injury. In recent years, the concept of the vascular endothelium as an organ that is both the source of and target for inflammatory injury has become widely appreciated. Here we revisit the renal endothelium in the light of ever evolving molecular advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Kumar Verma
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bruce A Molitoris
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, The Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, IN.
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28
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Meyer J, Lejmi E, Fontana P, Morel P, Gonelle-Gispert C, Bühler L. A focus on the role of platelets in liver regeneration: Do platelet-endothelial cell interactions initiate the regenerative process? J Hepatol 2015; 63:1263-71. [PMID: 26169159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are involved in the early phases of liver regeneration. Moreover, platelet transfusion and thrombocytosis were recently shown to enhance hepatocyte proliferation. However, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. This review discusses the latest updates regarding the mechanisms by which platelets stimulate liver regeneration, focusing on their interactions with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and on their fate within the liver. Following liver injury, platelets are recruited to and trapped within the liver, where they adhere to the endothelium. Subsequent platelet activation results in the release of platelet granules, which stimulate hepatocyte proliferation through activation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signalling pathways. Platelets activate liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, leading to the secretion of growth factors, such as interleukin-6. Finally, liver sinusoidal cells and hepatocytes can also internalize platelets, but the effects of this alternate process on liver regeneration remain to be explored. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which platelets stimulate liver regeneration could lead to improvement in post-operative organ function and allow hepatectomies of a greater extent to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland.
| | - Esma Lejmi
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Fontana
- Division of Angiology and Haemostasis, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland; Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Morel
- Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Léo Bühler
- Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland; Unit of Surgical Research, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
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29
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Mahajan-Thakur S, Böhm A, Jedlitschky G, Schrör K, Rauch BH. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Its Receptors: A Mutual Link between Blood Coagulation and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:831059. [PMID: 26604433 PMCID: PMC4641948 DOI: 10.1155/2015/831059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a versatile lipid signaling molecule and key regulator in vascular inflammation. S1P is secreted by platelets, monocytes, and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. It binds specifically to a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P receptors 1 to 5, resulting in downstream signaling and numerous cellular effects. S1P modulates cell proliferation and migration, and mediates proinflammatory responses and apoptosis. In the vascular barrier, S1P regulates permeability and endothelial reactions and recruitment of monocytes and may modulate atherosclerosis. Only recently has S1P emerged as a critical mediator which directly links the coagulation factor system to vascular inflammation. The multifunctional proteases thrombin and FXa regulate local S1P availability and interact with S1P signaling at multiple levels in various vascular cell types. Differential expression patterns and intracellular signaling pathways of each receptor enable S1P to exert its widespread functions. Although a vast amount of information is available about the functions of S1P and its receptors in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological conditions, S1P-mediated mechanisms in the vasculature remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the role of S1P and its receptors in vascular wall and blood cells, which link the coagulation system to inflammatory responses in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Mahajan-Thakur
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorf Strasse 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Böhm
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorf Strasse 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Jedlitschky
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorf Strasse 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karsten Schrör
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorf Strasse 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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30
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Książek M, Chacińska M, Chabowski A, Baranowski M. Sources, metabolism, and regulation of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1271-81. [PMID: 26014962 PMCID: PMC4479332 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r059543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that acts either as an intracellular messenger or as a ligand for its membrane receptors. S1P is a normal constituent of blood, where it is found both in plasma and blood cells. Compared with other cell types, sphingolipid metabolism in erythrocytes and platelets has unique features that allow the erythrocytes and platelets to accumulate S1P. In plasma, S1P is bound mainly to HDLs and albumin. Of note, metabolism and biological activity of S1P is to a large extent affected by the type of its carrier. Plasma S1P is characterized by a short half-life, indicating rapid clearance by degradative enzymes and the presence of high-capacity sources involved in maintaining its high concentration. These sources include blood cells, vascular endothelium, and hepatocytes. However, the extent to which each of these contributes to the plasma pool of S1P is a matter of debate. Circulating S1P plays a significant physiological role. It was found to be the key regulator of lymphocyte trafficking, endothelial barrier function, and vascular tone. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present state of knowledge on the metabolism, transport, and origin of plasma S1P, and to discuss the mechanisms regulating its homeostasis in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Książek
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marta Chacińska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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31
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Stegner D, Dütting S, Nieswandt B. Mechanistic explanation for platelet contribution to cancer metastasis. Thromb Res 2015; 133 Suppl 2:S149-57. [PMID: 24862136 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(14)50025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated mortality is frequently caused by metastasis, however, our understanding of this process remains incomplete and therapeutic options are limited. Metastasis is a dynamic multi-step process involving intravasation of tumor cells into the host's blood and lymphatic vessels, their dissemination within the circulation, and finally arrest and extravasation in a distant organ where they establish secondary tumors. It is generally conceived that platelets contribute to all steps of hematogenous tumor dissemination. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of the platelet receptors involved in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, an essential immune surveillance escape mechanism of circulating tumor cells. We discuss how platelets prevent immunological attack, contribute to tumor cell extravasation and thereby facilitate colonization of distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stegner
- University of Würzburg Chair of Vascular Medicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dütting
- University of Würzburg Chair of Vascular Medicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- University of Würzburg Chair of Vascular Medicine University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine Würzburg, Germany.
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32
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Wilkerson BA, Argraves KM. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in endothelial barrier function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1841:1403-1412. [PMID: 25009123 PMCID: PMC4169319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Loss of endothelial barrier function is implicated in the etiology of metastasis, atherosclerosis, sepsis and many other diseases. Studies suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), particularly HDL-bound S1P (HDL-S1P) is essential for endothelial barrier homeostasis and that HDL-S1P may be protective against the loss of endothelial barrier function in disease. This review summarizes evidence providing mechanistic insights into how S1P maintains endothelial barrier function, highlighting the recent findings that implicate the major S1P carrier, HDL, in the maintenance of the persistent S1P-signaling needed to maintain endothelial barrier function. We review the mechanisms proposed for HDL maintenance of persistent S1P-signaling, the evidence supporting these mechanisms and the remaining fundamental questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Wilkerson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelley M Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., BSB650, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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33
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Sassoli C, Frati A, Tani A, Anderloni G, Pierucci F, Matteini F, Chellini F, Zecchi Orlandini S, Formigli L, Meacci E. Mesenchymal stromal cell secreted sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) exerts a stimulatory effect on skeletal myoblast proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108662. [PMID: 25264785 PMCID: PMC4181304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to significantly contribute to skeletal muscle healing through the secretion of paracrine factors that support proliferation and enhance participation of the endogenous muscle stem cells in the process of repair/regeneration. However, MSC-derived trophic molecules have been poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate paracrine signaling effects of MSCs on skeletal myoblasts. It was found, using a biochemical and morphological approach that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a natural bioactive lipid exerting a broad range of muscle cell responses, is secreted by MSCs and represents an important factor by which these cells exert their stimulatory effects on C2C12 myoblast and satellite cell proliferation. Indeed, exposure to conditioned medium obtained from MSCs cultured in the presence of the selective sphingosine kinase inhibitor (iSK), blocked increased cell proliferation caused by the conditioned medium from untreated MSCs, and the addition of exogenous S1P in the conditioned medium from MSCs pre-treated with iSK further increased myoblast proliferation. Finally, we also demonstrated that the myoblast response to MSC-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) involves the release of S1P from C2C12 cells. Our data may have important implications in the optimization of cell-based strategies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Anderloni
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Formigli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Iino J, Osada M, Kurano M, Kaneko M, Ohkawa R, Satoh Y, Okubo S, Ozaki Y, Tozuka M, Tsuno NH, Yatomi Y. Platelet-derived sphingosine 1-phosphate induces migration of Jurkat T cells. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:150. [PMID: 25253303 PMCID: PMC4193286 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The migration of T cell to atherosclerotic lesions is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerosis. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysophospholipid released from activated platelets, exerts a variety of responses such as cell migration and proliferation, and reportedly induces T cell migration. Accordingly, platelet-T cell interactions may exist based on T cell responses triggered by platelet-derived S1P. Methods S1P was measured using two-step lipid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation while other phospholipids were determined by an enzymatic assay. The expression of S1P and lysophosphatidic acid receptors on Jurkat T cells was examined by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Jurkat cell migration by S1P and the supernatant of activated platelets (SAP) was evaluated by a modified Boyden’s chamber assay. Results S1P1 receptor was confirmed to be expressed on Jurkat T cell by RT-PCR and flow cytometry. S1P at 10-100 nM induced strong Jurkat cell migration, which was inhibited by the S1P1 (and S1P3) antagonist VPC23019 and the Gi inactivator pertussis toxin (PTX). We found that the supernatant (releasate) of human platelets activated by collagen stimulation, which contains S1P abundantly, induced Jurkat cell migration and that the migration was inhibited by VPC23019 and PTX. In addition, human serum, into which platelet contents (including S1P) are fully released, induced the Jurkat cell migration, which was also inhibited by VPC23019. Conclusions Our findings suggest that platelet-derived S1P induces Jurkat T cell migration possibly via S1P1. S1P may be a key molecule involved in the responses triggered by platelet-T cell interactions, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Cherry AE, Stella N. G protein-coupled receptors as oncogenic signals in glioma: emerging therapeutic avenues. Neuroscience 2014; 278:222-36. [PMID: 25158675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant intracranial tumors. Newly developed targeted therapies for these cancers aim to inhibit oncogenic signals, many of which emanate from receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Unfortunately, the first-generation treatments targeting these oncogenic signals provide little survival benefit in both mouse xenograft models and human patients. The search for new treatment options has uncovered several G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) candidates and generated a growing interest in this class of proteins as alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GPCRs constitute a large family of membrane receptors that influence oncogenic pathways through canonical and non-canonical signaling. Accordingly, evidence indicates that GPCRs display a unique ability to crosstalk with receptor tyrosine kinases, making them important molecular components controlling tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the current research on GPCR functionality in gliomas and explores the potential of modulating these receptors to treat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Cherry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - N Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Zhang J, Song J. Amphiphilic degradable polymers for immobilization and sustained delivery of sphingosine 1-phosphate. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:3079-90. [PMID: 24631657 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlled delivery of the angiogenic factor sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) represents a promising strategy for promoting vascularization during tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we developed an amphiphilic biodegradable polymer platform for the stable encapsulation and sustained release of S1P. Mimicking the interaction between amphiphilic S1P and its binding proteins, a series of polymers with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) core and lipophilic flanking segments of polylactide and/or poly(alkylated lactide) with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized. These polymers were electrospun into fibrous meshes, and loaded with S1P in generally high loading efficiencies (>90%). Sustained S1P release from these scaffolds could be tuned by adjusting the alkyl chain length, blockiness and lipophilic block length, achieving 35-55% and 45-80% accumulative releases in the first 8h and by 7 days, respectively. Furthermore, using endothelial cell tube formation assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, we showed that the different S1P loading doses and release kinetics translated into distinct pro-angiogenic outcomes. These results suggest that these amphiphilic polymers are effective delivery vehicles for S1P and may be explored as tissue engineering scaffolds where the delivery of lipophilic or amphiphilic bioactive factors is desired.
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Li L, Han J, Wang Z, Liu J, Wei J, Xiong S, Zhao Z. Mass spectrometry methodology in lipid analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10492-507. [PMID: 24921707 PMCID: PMC4100164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is an emerging field, where the structures, functions and dynamic changes of lipids in cells, tissues or body fluids are investigated. Due to the vital roles of lipids in human physiological and pathological processes, lipidomics is attracting more and more attentions. However, because of the diversity and complexity of lipids, lipid analysis is still full of challenges. The recent development of methods for lipid extraction and analysis and the combination with bioinformatics technology greatly push forward the study of lipidomics. Among them, mass spectrometry (MS) is the most important technology for lipid analysis. In this review, the methodology based on MS for lipid analysis was introduced. It is believed that along with the rapid development of MS and its further applications to lipid analysis, more functional lipids will be identified as biomarkers and therapeutic targets and for the study of the mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Juanjuan Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jian'an Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
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Eibel H, Kraus H, Sic H, Kienzler AK, Rizzi M. B cell biology: an overview. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 14:434. [PMID: 24633618 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review we summarize recent insights into the development of human B cells primarily by studying immunodeficiencies. Development and differentiation of B cells can be considered as a paradigm for many other developmental processes in cell biology. However, it differs from the development of many other cell types by phases of extremely rapid cell division and by defined series of somatic recombination and mutation events required to assemble and refine the B cell antigen receptors. Both somatic DNA alteration and proliferation phases take place in defined sites but in different organs. Thus, cell migration and timely arrival at defined sites are additional features of B cell development. By comparing experimental mouse models with insights gained from studying defined genetic defects leading to primary immunodeficiencies and hypogammaglobulinemia, we address important features that are characteristic for human B cells. We also summarize recent advances made by developing improved in vitro and in vivo systems allowing the development of human B cells from hematopoietic stem cells. Combined with genetic and functional studies of immunodeficiencies, these models will contribute not only to a better understanding of disease affecting the B lymphocyte compartment, but also to designing better and safer novel B cell-targeted therapies in autoimmunity and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Engesserstr. 4, Freiburg, 79108, Germany,
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Murata S, Maruyama T, Nowatari T, Takahashi K, Ohkohchi N. Signal transduction of platelet-induced liver regeneration and decrease of liver fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5412-25. [PMID: 24686514 PMCID: PMC4013572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets contain three types of granules: alpha granules, dense granules, and lysosomal granules. Each granule contains various growth factors, cytokines, and other physiological substances. Platelets trigger many kinds of biological responses, such as hemostasis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. This review presents experimental evidence of platelets in accelerating liver regeneration and improving liver fibrosis. The regenerative effect of liver by platelets consists of three mechanisms; i.e., the direct effect on hepatocytes, the cooperative effect with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the collaborative effect with Kupffer cells. Many signal transduction pathways are involved in hepatocyte proliferation. One is activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which are derived from direct stimulation from growth factors in platelets. The other is signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) activation by interleukin (IL)-6 derived from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, which are stimulated by contact with platelets during liver regeneration. Platelets also improve liver fibrosis in rodent models by inactivating hepatic stellate cells to decrease collagen production. The level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is increased by adenosine through its receptors on hepatic stellate cells, resulting in inactivation of these cells. Adenosine is produced by the degradation of adenine nucleotides such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), which are stored in abundance within the dense granules of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Murata
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takehito Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Nowatari
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Mukherjee A, Neher RA, Renault AD. Quantifying the range of a lipid phosphate signal in vivo. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5453-64. [PMID: 24006260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.136176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative information about the range of influence of extracellular signaling molecules is critical for understanding their effects, but is difficult to determine in the complex and dynamic three-dimensional environment of a living embryo. Drosophila germ cells migrate during embryogenesis and use spatial information provided by expression of lipid phosphate phosphatases called Wunens to reach the somatic gonad. However, whether guidance requires cell contact or involves a diffusible signal is not known. We ectopically expressed Wunens in various segmentally repeated ectodermal and parasegmental patterns in embryos otherwise null for Wunens and used germ cell behavior to show that the signal is diffusible and to define its range. We correlated this back to the wild-type scenario and found that the germ cell migratory path can be primarily accounted for by Wunen expression. This approach provides the first quantitative information of the effective range of a lipid phosphate in vivo and has implications for the migration of other cell types that respond to lipid phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mukherjee
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Spemannstrasse 35, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Darwish I, Liles WC. Emerging therapeutic strategies to prevent infection-related microvascular endothelial activation and dysfunction. Virulence 2013; 4:572-82. [PMID: 23863603 PMCID: PMC5359747 DOI: 10.4161/viru.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that loss of endothelial barrier function and resulting microvascular leak play important mechanistic roles in the pathogenesis of infection-related end-organ dysfunction and failure. Several distinct therapeutic strategies, designed to prevent or limit infection-related microvascular endothelial activation and permeability, thereby mitigating end-organ injury/dysfunction, have recently been investigated in pre-clinical models. In this review, these potential therapeutic strategies, namely, VEGFR2/Src antagonists, sphingosine-1-phosphate agonists, fibrinopeptide Bβ15–42, slit2N, secinH3, angiopoietin-1/tie-2 agonists, angiopoietin-2 antagonists, statins, atrial natriuretic peptide, and mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells, are discussed in terms of their translational potential for the management of clinical infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyse Darwish
- University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Karapetyan AV, Klyachkin YM, Selim S, Sunkara M, Ziada KM, Cohen DA, Zuba-Surma EK, Ratajczak J, Smyth SS, Ratajczak MZ, Morris AJ, Abdel-Latif A. Bioactive lipids and cationic antimicrobial peptides as new potential regulators for trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1645-56. [PMID: 23282236 PMCID: PMC3657281 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers mobilization of stem cells from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB). Based on our observation that the bioactive sphingophospholipids, sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), and ceramide-1 phosphate (C1P) regulate trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we explored whether they also direct trafficking of non-hematopoietic stem cells (non-HSCs). We detected a 3-6-fold increase in circulating CD34+, CD133+, and CXCR4+ lineage-negative (Lin-)/CD45- cells that are enriched in non-HSCs [including endothelial progenitors (EPCs) and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs)] in PB from AMI patients (P<0.05 vs. controls). Concurrently, we measured a ∼3-fold increase in S1P and C1P levels in plasma from AMI patients. At the same time, plasma obtained at hospital admission and 6 h after AMI strongly chemoattracted human BM-derived CD34+/Lin- and CXCR4+/Lin- cells in Transwell chemotaxis assays. This effect of plasma was blunted after depletion of S1P level by charcoal stripping and was further inhibited by the specific S1P1 receptor antagonist such as W146 and VPC23019. We also noted that the expression of S1P receptor 1 (S1P1), which is dominant in naïve BM, is reduced after the exposure to S1P at concentrations similar to the plasma S1P levels in patients with AMI, thus influencing the role of S1P in homing to the injured myocardium. Therefore, we examined mechanisms, other than bioactive lipids, that may contribute to the homing of BM non-HSCs to the infarcted myocardium. Hypoxic cardiac tissue increases the expression of cathelicidin and β-2 defensin, which could explain why PB cells isolated from patients with AMI migrated more efficiently to a low, yet physiological, gradient of stromal-derived factor-1 in Transwell migration assays. Together, these observations suggest that while elevated S1P and C1P levels early in the course of AMI may trigger mobilization of non-HSCs into PB, cathelicidin and β-2 defensin could play an important role in their homing to damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush V. Karapetyan
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yuri M. Klyachkin
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Samy Selim
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Khaled M. Ziada
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ewa K. Zuba-Surma
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Susan S. Smyth
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mariusz Z. Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Bot M, Van Veldhoven PP, de Jager SCA, Johnson J, Nijstad N, Van Santbrink PJ, Westra MM, Van Der Hoeven G, Gijbels MJ, Müller-Tidow C, Varga G, Tietge UJF, Kuiper J, Van Berkel TJC, Nofer JR, Bot I, Biessen EAL. Hematopoietic sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase deficiency decreases atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL-receptor deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63360. [PMID: 23700419 PMCID: PMC3659045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Altered sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) homeostasis and signaling is implicated in various inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. As S1P levels are tightly controlled by S1P lyase, we investigated the impact of hematopoietic S1P lyase (Sgpl1(-/-)) deficiency on leukocyte subsets relevant to atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS LDL receptor deficient mice that were transplanted with Sgpl1(-/-) bone marrow showed disrupted S1P gradients translating into lymphopenia and abrogated lymphocyte mitogenic and cytokine response as compared to controls. Remarkably however, Sgpl1(-/-) chimeras displayed mild monocytosis, due to impeded stromal retention and myelopoiesis, and plasma cytokine and macrophage expression patterns, that were largely compatible with classical macrophage activation. Collectively these two phenotypic features of Sgpl1 deficiency culminated in diminished atherogenic response. CONCLUSIONS Here we not only firmly establish the critical role of hematopoietic S1P lyase in controlling S1P levels and T cell trafficking in blood and lymphoid tissue, but also identify leukocyte Sgpl1 as critical factor in monocyte macrophage differentiation and function. Its, partly counterbalancing, pro- and anti-inflammatory activity spectrum imply that intervention in S1P lyase function in inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia C. A. de Jager
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, England
| | - Niels Nijstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Van Santbrink
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Westra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion J. Gijbels
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Varga
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. C. Van Berkel
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, and Geriatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Experimental Vascular Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cornet AD, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Beishuizen A, Schultz MJ, Girbes AR, Groeneveld AJ. Activated protein C in the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:219-27. [PMID: 23489122 DOI: 10.1517/17460440902721204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) frequently necessitate mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. The syndromes have a high mortality rate and there is at present no treatment specifically directed at the underlying pathogenesis. Central in the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS is alveolocapillary inflammation leading to permeability edema. As a result of the crosstalk between inflammation and coagulation, activation of proinflammatory and procoagulant/antifibrinolytic pathways contributes to disruption of the endothelial barrier. Protein C (PC) plays a central role in maintaining the equilibrium between coagulation and inflammation. Additionally, natural anticoagulants, such as PC, are depleted, both in blood as well as in the lung. Therefore, the PC system is of interest as a therapeutic target in patients with ALI/ARDS. METHOD This review is based on a Medline search of relevant basic and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE It discusses the potential role of activated PC in modulating the proinflammatory/procoagulant state for enhancing endothelial barrier function in animal models and human ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Cornet
- Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands +31 20 4443933 ; +31 20 4442392 ;
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Pieper K, Grimbacher B, Eibel H. B-cell biology and development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:959-71. [PMID: 23465663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B cells develop from hematopoietic precursor cells in an ordered maturation and selection process. Extensive studies with many different mouse mutants provided fundamental insights into this process. However, the characterization of genetic defects causing primary immunodeficiencies was essential in understanding human B-cell biology. Defects in pre-B-cell receptor components or in downstream signaling proteins, such as Bruton tyrosine kinase and B-cell linker protein, arrest development at the pre-B-cell stage. Defects in survival-regulating proteins, such as B-cell activator of the TNF-α family receptor (BAFF-R) or caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11), interrupt maturation and prevent differentiation of transitional B cells into marginal zone and follicular B cells. Mature B-cell subsets, immune responses, and memory B-cell and plasma cell development are disturbed by mutations affecting Toll-like receptor signaling, B-cell antigen receptor coreceptors (eg, CD19), or enzymes responsible for immunoglobulin class-switch recombination. Transgenic mouse models helped to identify key regulatory mechanisms, such as receptor editing and clonal anergy, preventing the activation of B cells expressing antibodies recognizing autoantigens. Nevertheless, the combination of susceptible genetic backgrounds with the rescue of self-reactive B cells by T cells allows the generation of autoreactive clones found in patients with many autoimmune diseases and even in those with primary immunodeficiencies. The rapid progress of functional genomic research is expected to foster the development of new tools that specifically target dysfunctional B lymphocytes to treat autoimmunity, B-cell malignancies, and immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Pieper
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Platelets are the smallest blood constitutes which contain three types of granules; alpha granules, dense granules, and lysosomal granules. Each granule contains various biophysiological substances such as growth factors, cytokines, etc. Platelets have been conventionally viewed as a trigger of inflammatory responses and injury in the liver. Some studies revealed that platelets have strong effects on promoting liver regeneration. This review presents experimental evidence of platelets in accelerating liver regeneration and describes three different mechanisms involved; (1) the direct effect on hepatocytes, where platelets translocate to the space of Disse and release growth factors through direct contact with hepatocytes, (2) the cooperative effect with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, where the dense concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate in platelets induces excretion of interleukin-6 from liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and (3) the collaborative effect with Kupffer cells, where the functions of Kupffer cells are enhanced by platelets.
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Ben Shoham A, Malkinson G, Krief S, Shwartz Y, Ely Y, Ferrara N, Yaniv K, Zelzer E. S1P1 inhibits sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development. Development 2012; 139:3859-69. [PMID: 22951644 DOI: 10.1242/dev.078550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coordination between the vascular system and forming organs is essential for proper embryonic development. The vasculature expands by sprouting angiogenesis, during which tip cells form filopodia that incorporate into capillary loops. Although several molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa), are known to induce sprouting, the mechanism that terminates this process to ensure neovessel stability is still unknown. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) has been shown to mediate interaction between endothelial and mural cells during vascular maturation. In vitro studies have identified S1P(1) as a pro-angiogenic factor. Here, we show that S1P(1) acts as an endothelial cell (EC)-autonomous negative regulator of sprouting angiogenesis during vascular development. Severe aberrations in vessel size and excessive sprouting found in limbs of S1P(1)-null mouse embryos before vessel maturation imply a previously unknown, mural cell-independent role for S1P(1) as an anti-angiogenic factor. A similar phenotype observed when S1P(1) expression was blocked specifically in ECs indicates that the effect of S1P(1) on sprouting is EC-autonomous. Comparable vascular abnormalities in S1p(1) knockdown zebrafish embryos suggest cross-species evolutionary conservation of this mechanism. Finally, genetic interaction between S1P(1) and Vegfa suggests that these factors interplay to regulate vascular development, as Vegfa promotes sprouting whereas S1P(1) inhibits it to prevent excessive sprouting and fusion of neovessels. More broadly, because S1P, the ligand of S1P(1), is blood-borne, our findings suggest a new mode of regulation of angiogenesis, whereby blood flow closes a negative feedback loop that inhibits sprouting angiogenesis once the vascular bed is established and functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Ben Shoham
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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48
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Mouse SPNS2 functions as a sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter in vascular endothelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38941. [PMID: 22723910 PMCID: PMC3379171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a sphingolipid metabolite that is produced inside
the cells, regulates a variety of physiological and pathological responses via
S1P receptors (S1P1–5). Signal transduction between cells consists of
three steps; the synthesis of signaling molecules, their export to the
extracellular space and their recognition by receptors. An S1P concentration
gradient is essential for the migration of various cell types that express S1P
receptors, such as lymphocytes, pre-osteoclasts, cancer cells and endothelial
cells. To maintain this concentration gradient, plasma S1P concentration must be
at a higher level. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism by
which S1P is supplied to extracellular environments such as blood plasma. Here,
we show that SPNS2 functions as an S1P transporter in vascular endothelial cells
but not in erythrocytes and platelets. Moreover, the plasma S1P concentration of
SPNS2-deficient mice was reduced to approximately 60% of wild-type, and
SPNS2-deficient mice were lymphopenic. Our results demonstrate that SPNS2 is the
first physiological S1P transporter in mammals and is a key determinant of
lymphocyte egress from the thymus.
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Spohr TCLDSE, Dezonne RS, Nones J, Dos Santos Souza C, Einicker-Lamas M, Gomes FCA, Rehen SK. Sphingosine 1-phosphate-primed astrocytes enhance differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:1892-902. [PMID: 22588662 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive signaling lysophospholipid. Effects of S1P on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation have already been described; however, its role as a mediator of interactions between neurons and glial cells has been poorly explored. Here we describe effects of S1P, via the activation of its receptors in astrocytes, on the differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) derived from either embryonic stem cells or the developing cerebral cortex. S1P added directly to NPC induced their differentiation, but S1P-primed astrocytes were able to promote even more pronounced changes in maturation, neurite outgrowth, and arborization in NPC. An increase in laminin by astrocytes was observed after S1P treatment. The effects of S1P-primed astrocytes on neural precursor cells were abrogated by antibodies against laminin. Together, our data indicate that S1P-treated astrocytes are able to induce neuronal differentiation of NPC by increasing the levels of laminin. These results implicate S1P signaling pathways as new targets for understanding neuroglial interactions within the central nervous system.
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50
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El-Shewy HM, Sohn M, Wilson P, Lee MH, Hammad SM, Luttrell LM, Jaffa AA. Low-density lipoprotein induced expression of connective tissue growth factor via transactivation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in mesangial cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:833-45. [PMID: 22422617 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pro-fibrotic connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) has been linked to the development and progression of diabetic vascular and renal disease. We recently reported that low-density lipoproteins (LDL) induced expression of CTGF in aortic endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we have studied the mechanism by which LDL regulates CTGF expression in renal mesangial cells. In these cells, treatment with pertussis toxin abolished LDL-stimulated activation of ERK1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), indicating the involvement of heterotrimeric G proteins in LDL signaling. Treatment with LDL promoted activation and translocation of endogenous sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) from the cytosol to the plasma membrane concomitant with production of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Pretreating cells with SK inhibitor, dimethylsphinogsine or down-regulation of SK1 and SK2 revealed that LDL-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and JNK is mediated by SK1. Using a green fluorescent protein-tagged S1P₁ receptor as a biological sensor for the generation of physiologically relevant S1P levels, we found that LDL induced S1P receptor activation. Pretreating cells with S1P₁/S1P₃ receptor antagonist VPC23019 significantly inhibited activation of ERK1/2 and JNK by LDL, suggesting that LDL elicits G protein-dependent activation of ERK1/2 and JNK by stimulating SK1-dependent transactivation of S1P receptors. Furthermore, S1P stimulation induced expression of CTGF in a dose-dependent manner that was markedly inhibited by blocking the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. LDL-induced CTGF expression was pertussis toxin sensitive and inhibited by dimethylsphinogsine down-regulation of SK1 and VPC23019 treatment. Our data suggest that SK1-dependent S1P receptor transactivation is upstream of ERK1/2 and JNK and that all three steps are required for LDL-regulated expression of CTGF in mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham M El-Shewy
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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