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Kular L. The lung-brain axis in multiple sclerosis: Mechanistic insights and future directions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100787. [PMID: 38737964 PMCID: PMC11087231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with progressive lifelong disability. Current treatments are particularly effective at the early inflammatory stage of the disease but associate with safety concerns such as increased risk of infection. While clinical and epidemiological evidence strongly support the role of a bidirectional communication between the lung and the brain in MS in influencing disease risk and severity, the exact processes underlying such relationship appear complex and not fully understood. This short review aims to summarize key findings and future perspectives that might provide new insights into the mechanisms underpinning the lung-brain axis in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Yang F, Fan J, Yang R, Cun Y. Integrative analysis of blood transcriptome profiles in small-cell lung cancer patients for identification of novel chemotherapy resistance-related biomarkers. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338162. [PMID: 38957470 PMCID: PMC11217175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemoresistance constitutes a prevalent factor that significantly impacts thesurvival of patients undergoing treatment for smal-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy resistance in SCLC patients is generally classified as primary or acquired resistance, each governedby distinct mechanisms that remain inadequately researched. Methods In this study, we performed transcriptome screening of peripheral blood plasma obtainedfrom 17 patients before and after receiving combined etoposide and platinum treatment. We firs testimated pseudo-single-cell analysis using xCell and ESTIMATE and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), then performed network analysis to discover key hub genes involved in chemotherapy resistance. Results Our analysis showed a significant increase in class-switched memory B cell scores acrossboth chemotherapy resistance patterns, indicating their potential crucial role in mediatingresistance. Moreover, network analysis identifed PRICKLE3, TNFSFI0, ACSLl and EP300 as potential contributors to primary resistance, with SNWl, SENP2 and SMNDCl emerging assignificant factors in acquired resistance, providing valuable insights into chemotherapy resistancein SCLC. Discussion These findings offer valuable insights for understanding chemotherapy resistance and related gene signatures in SCLC, which could help further biological validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinhua Fan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Runxiang Yang
- Department of the Second Medical Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yupeng Cun
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pinto TNC, da Silva CCBM, Pinto RMC, da Silva Duarte AJ, Benard G, Fernandes JR. Tobacco exposure, but not aging, shifts the frequency of peripheral blood B cell subpopulations. GeroScience 2024; 46:2729-2738. [PMID: 38157147 PMCID: PMC10828235 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Several disturbances in T-cell mediated immunity have been described during aging, but immunosenescence of the B-cell compartment is less well elucidated. The peripheral blood B-cell compartment (CD19+) can be split into six main subpopulations according to the cell surface markers IgD, CD27, CD24, and CD38: Transitional, naïve, unswitched, switched, double negative and plasmablasts. We thus aimed to verify whether shifts in these subsets occur during healthy and pathological aging. We recruited three groups of aged people (> 60 years old), healthy, COPD patients, and smokers without altered pulmonary function test, and a fourth group of individuals 18-40 years old (youngs). Total B-cells percentage and absolute number were similar among the healthy aged, COPD patients, and youngs, but the smokers showed significantly higher absolute numbers. While all six B-cell subset percentages were comparable among the healthy aged, COPD patients, and youngs, smokers showed significantly higher percentages of switched B-cells and reduced naïve B-cells than the other three groups, resulting in an inverted naive:switched ratio. Analysis of the cell subset absolute numbers showed a similar trend. Overall, our results suggest that aging drives milder alterations in the distribution of peripheral blood B-cell subpopulations than in the T-cell compartment. We suggest that it is the T-cell immunosenescence that most contributes to the poor humoral immune responses in the elderly, vaccine responses included. Surprisingly it was the smokers who showed significant alterations when compared with the youngs, healthy aged, and aged COPD patients, probably as a result of the chronic immune stimulation described in active smoking subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalyta Nery Carvalho Pinto
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Maria Carvalho Pinto
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, São Paulo, 44, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), Faculdade de Medicina, Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, 455, Brazil.
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Hedström AK. Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212676. [PMID: 37554326 PMCID: PMC10406387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease may arise from a complex interplay between latent EBV infection, genetic predisposition, and various environmental and lifestyle factors that negatively affect immune control of the infection. Evidence of gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals supports this view. This review gives a short introduction to EBV and host immunity and discusses evidence indicating EBV as a prerequisite for MS. The role of genetic and environmental risk factors, and their interactions, in MS pathogenesis is reviewed and put in the context of EBV infection. Finally, possible preventive measures are discussed based on the findings presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kayongo A, Nyiro B, Siddharthan T, Kirenga B, Checkley W, Lutaakome Joloba M, Ellner J, Salgame P. Mechanisms of lung damage in tuberculosis: implications for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1146571. [PMID: 37415827 PMCID: PMC10320222 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for COPD. Severe lung function impairment has been reported in post-TB patients. Despite increasing evidence to support the association between TB and COPD, only a few studies describe the immunological basis of COPD among TB patients following successful treatment completion. In this review, we draw on well-elaborated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced immune mechanisms in the lungs to highlight shared mechanisms for COPD pathogenesis in the setting of tuberculosis disease. We further examine how such mechanisms could be exploited to guide COPD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brian Nyiro
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Moses Lutaakome Joloba
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Lung Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jerrold Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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Patel AJ, Khan N, Richter A, Naidu B, Drayson MT, Middleton GW. Deep immune B and plasma cell repertoire in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198665. [PMID: 37398676 PMCID: PMC10311499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction B cells, which have long been thought to be minor players in the development of anti-tumor responses, have been implicated as key players in lung cancer pathogenesis and response to checkpoint blockade in patients with lung cancer. Enrichment of late-stage plasma and memory cells in the tumor microenvironment has been shown in lung cancer, with the plasma cell repertoire existing on a functional spectrum with suppressive phenotypes correlating with outcome. B cell dynamics may be influenced by the inflammatory microenvironment observed in smokers and between LUAD and LUSC. Methods Here, we show through high-dimensional deep phenotyping using mass cytometry (CyTOF), next generation RNA sequencing and multispectral immunofluorescence imaging (VECTRA Polaris) that key differences exist in the B cell repertoire between tumor and circulation in paired specimens from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Results In addition to the current literature, this study provides insight into the in-depth description of the B cell contexture in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) with reference to broad clinico-pathological parameters based on our analysis of 56 patients. Our findings reinforce the phenomenon of B-cell trafficking from distant circulatory compartments into the tumour microenvironment (TME). The circulatory repertoire shows a predilection toward plasma and memory phenotypes in LUAD however no major differences exist between LUAD and LUSC at the level of the TME. B cell repertoire, amongst other factors, may be influenced by the inflammatory burden in the TME and circulation, that is, smokers and non-smokers. We have further clearly demonstrated that the plasma cell repertoire exists on a functional spectrum in lung cancer, and that the suppressive regulatory arm of this axis may play a significant role in determining postoperative outcomes as well as following checkpoint blockade. This will require further long-term functional correlation. Conclusion B and Plasma cell repertoire is very diverse and heterogeneous across different tissue compartments in lung cancer. Smoking status associates with key differences in the immune milieu and the consequent inflammatory microenvironment is likely responsible for the functional and phenotypic spectrum we have seen in the plasma cell and B cell repertoire in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay J. Patel
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Naeem Khan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Babu Naidu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gary W. Middleton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (III), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Ter Hofstede H, Haex J, Belias M, Oosting M, Joosten LAB, Stelma FF. Lyme Borreliosis Serology: A Prospective Cohort Study of Forestry Service Workers in the Netherlands over 8 Years (2008 to 2016) of Follow-Up. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051143. [PMID: 37240788 DOI: 10.3390/life13051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is little known about the dynamics within responses to Borrelia spp. upon repeated exposure to tick bites and the development of serological markers over time. Most studies have investigated antibody development in risk populations over a short period of time. Therefore, we aimed to study the dynamics of anti-Borrelia antibodies in forestry service workers over 8 years in association with tick bite exposure. METHODS Blood samples from 106 forestry service workers originally included in the 200 Functional Genomics Project (Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) were followed for 8 years and tested annually for anti-Borrelia antibodies (ELISA and Western blot). IgG seroconversion was related to the number of tick bites in the previous year, which was obtained through annual questionnaires. The hazard ratio for Borrelia IgG seroconversion was calculated using Cox regression survival analysis and a logistic regression model, both adjusting for age, gender and smoking. RESULTS Borrelia IgG seropositivity in the study population did not vary significantly between years and the average prevalence was 13.4%. Of the 27 subjects that underwent seroconversion during the study period, 22 reconverted from positive to negative. Eleven subjects seroconverted a second time. The total seroconversion rate per year (negative to positive) was 4.5%. Active smoking was associated with IgG seroconversion in the >5 tick bites group (p < 0.05). According to the two models used, the risks of IgG seroconversion in the >5 tick bites group were HR = 2.93 (p = 0.10) and OR = 3.36 (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Borrelia IgG seroconversion in forestry service workers was significantly related to increasing tick bite exposure in a survival and logistic regression model adjusting for age, gender and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadewych Ter Hofstede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Haex
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Belias
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Mailbox 133, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Foekje F Stelma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fang Y, Doyle MF, Chen J, Mez J, Satizabal CL, Alosco ML, Qiu WQ, Lunetta KL, Murabito JM. Circulating immune cell phenotypes are associated with age, sex, CMV, and smoking status in the Framingham Heart Study offspring participants. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3939-3966. [PMID: 37116193 PMCID: PMC10258017 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the composition of circulating immune cells with aging and the underlying biologic mechanisms driving aging may provide molecular targets to slow the aging process and reduce age-related disease. Utilizing cryopreserved cells from 996 Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring Cohort participants aged 40 and older (mean 62 years, 48% female), we report on 116 immune cell phenotypes including monocytes, T-, B-, and NK cells and their subtypes, across age groups, sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV) exposure groups, smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors. The major cellular differences with CMV exposure were higher Granzyme B+ cells, effector cells, and effector-memory re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) cells for both CD4+ and CD8+. Older age was associated with lower CD3+ T cells, lower naïve cells and naïve/memory ratios for CD4+ and CD8+. We identified many immune cell differences by sex, with males showing lower naïve cells and higher effector and effector memory cells. Current smokers showed lower pro-inflammatory CD8 cells, higher CD8 regulatory type cells and altered B cell subsets. No significant associations were seen with BMI and other cardiovascular risk factors. Our cross-sectional observations of immune cell phenotypes provide a reference to further the understanding of the complexity of immune cells in blood, an easily accessible tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- University of Vermont, Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and CTE Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Boston Medical Center, Department of Adult Primary Care, Boston, MA 02119, USA
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Sandgren S, Novakova L, Axelsson M, Amirbeagi F, Kockum I, Olsson T, Malmestrom C, Lycke J. The role of autoimmune antibodies to predict secondary autoimmunity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab: A nationwide prospective survey. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1137665. [PMID: 37006489 PMCID: PMC10061078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1137665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlemtuzumab (ALZ) is an immune reconstitution therapy for treating relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, ALZ increases the risk of secondary autoimmune diseases (SADs).ObjectiveWe explored whether the detection of autoimmune antibodies (auto-Abs) could predict the development of SADs.MethodsWe included all patients with RRMS in Sweden who initiated ALZ treatment (n = 124, 74 female subjects) from 2009 to 2019. The presence of auto-Abs was determined in plasma samples obtained at the baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, as well as in a subgroup of patients (n = 51), it was determined in plasma samples obtained at the remaining 3-month intervals up to 24 months. Monthly blood tests, urine tests, and the assessment of clinical symptoms were performed for monitoring safety including that of SADs.ResultsAutoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) developed in 40% of patients, within a median follow-up of 4.5 years. Thyroid auto-Abs were detected in 62% of patients with AITD. The presence of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs) at the baseline increased the risk of AITD by 50%. At 24 months, thyroid auto-Abs were detected in 27 patients, and 93% (25/27) developed AITD. Among patients without thyroid auto-Abs, only 30% (15/51) developed AITD (p < 0.0001). In the subgroup of patients (n = 51) with more frequent sampling for auto-Abs, 27 patients developed ALZ-induced AITD, and 19 of them had detectable thyroid auto-Abs prior to the AITD onset, with a median interval of 216 days. Eight patients (6.5%) developed non-thyroid SAD, and none had detectable non-thyroid auto-Abs.ConclusionWe conclude that monitoring thyroid auto-Abs, essentially TRAbs, may improve the surveillance of AITD associated with ALZ treatment. The risk for non-thyroid SADs was low, and monitoring non-thyroid auto-Abs did not seem to provide any additional information for predicting non-thyroid SADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sandgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Sofia Sandgren
| | - Lenka Novakova
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Axelsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Firoozeh Amirbeagi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clas Malmestrom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lycke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yang L, Xu L, Guo Q, Deng B, Hong Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Jiang D, Ren H. Immune responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine were decreased in Chinese patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:737-748. [PMID: 37213672 PMCID: PMC10198143 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.78766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The effectiveness of inactivated vaccines against acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a global concern. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate vaccine safety and to assess immune responses in individuals with chronic respiratory disease (CRD) following a two-dose vaccination. Methods: The study cohort included 191 participants (112 adult CRD patients and 79 healthy controls [HCs]) at least 21 (range, 21-159) days after a second vaccination. Frequencies of memory B cells (MBCs) subsets and titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibodies (Abs) were analyzed. Results: As compared to the HCs, CRD patients had lower seropositivity rates and titers of both anti-RBD IgG Abs and NAbs, in addition to lower frequencies of RBD-specific MBCs (all, p < 0.05). At 3 months, CRD patients had lower seropositivity rates and titers of anti-RBD IgG Abs than the HCs (p < 0.05). For CoronaVac, the seropositivity rates of both Abs were lower in patients with old pulmonary tuberculosis than HCs. For BBIBP-CorV, the seropositivity rates of CoV-2 NAbs were lower in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than HCs (all, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in overall adverse events between the CRD patients and HCs. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified the time interval following a second vaccination as a risk factor for the production of anti-RBD IgG Abs and CoV-2 NAbs, while the CoronaVac had a positive effect on the titers of both Abs. Female was identified as a protective factor for CoV-2 NAb levels. Conclusion: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were safe and well tolerated by CRD patients but resulted in lower Ab responses and the frequencies of RBD-specific MBCs. Therefore, CRD patients should be prioritized for booster vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - LingFang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- Department of General Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - LiangLiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - YaLin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - DePeng Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: DePeng Jiang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, . Hong Ren, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
| | - Hong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: DePeng Jiang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, . Hong Ren, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
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11
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Leffler J, Trend S, Hart PH, French MA. Epstein-Barr virus infection, B-cell dysfunction and other risk factors converge in gut-associated lymphoid tissue to drive the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1418. [PMID: 36325491 PMCID: PMC9621333 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, B-cell dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and environmental and genetic risk factors, including female sex. A disease model incorporating all these factors remains elusive. Here, we hypothesise that EBV-infected memory B cells (MBCs) migrate to gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) through EBV-induced expression of LPAM-1, where they are subsequently activated by gut microbes and/or their products resulting in EBV reactivation and compartmentalised anti-EBV immune responses. These responses involve marginal zone (MZ) B cells that activate CD4+ T-cell responses, via HLA-DRB1, which promote downstream B-cell differentiation towards CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs, as well as conventional MBCs. Intrinsic expression of low-affinity B-cell receptors (BCRs) by MZ B cells and CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs promotes polyreactive BCR/antibody responses against EBV proteins (e.g. EBNA-1) that cross-react with central nervous system (CNS) autoantigens (e.g. GlialCAM). EBV protein/autoantigen-specific CD11c+/T-bet+ MBCs migrate to the meningeal immune system and CNS, facilitated by their expression of CXCR3, and induce cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses against CNS autoantigens amplified by BAFF, released from EBV-infected MBCs. An increased abundance of circulating IgA+ MBCs, observed in MS patients, might also reflect GALT-derived immune responses, including disease-enhancing IgA antibody responses against EBV and gut microbiota-specific regulatory IgA+ plasma cells. Female sex increases MZ B-cell and CD11c+/T-bet+ MBC activity while environmental risk factors affect gut dysbiosis. Thus, EBV infection, B-cell dysfunction and other risk factors converge in GALT to generate aberrant B-cell responses that drive pathogenic T-cell responses in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Martyn A French
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia,Immunology DivisionPathWest Laboratory MedicinePerthWAAustralia
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12
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Jacobs M, Verschraegen S, Salhi B, Anckaert J, Mestdagh P, Brusselle GG, Bracke KR. IL-10 producing regulatory B cells are decreased in blood from smokers and COPD patients. Respir Res 2022; 23:287. [PMID: 36253785 PMCID: PMC9578234 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two opposing B cell subsets have been defined based on their cytokine profile: IL-6 producing effector B cells (B-effs) versus IL-10 producing regulatory B cells (B-regs) that respectively positively or negatively regulate immune responses. B-regs are decreased and/or impaired in many autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions. Since there is increasing evidence that links B cells and B cell-rich lymphoid follicles to the pathogenesis of COPD, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and function of B-regs in COPD. Methods First, presence of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells in human lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Secondly, quantification of IL-10 + B-regs and IL-6 + B-effs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls, smokers without airflow limitation, and COPD patients (GOLD stage I-IV) was performed by flow cytometry. Thirdly, we exposed blood-derived B cells from COPD patients in vitro to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and quantified IL-10 + B-regs and IL-6 + B-effs. Furthermore, we aimed at restoring the perturbed IL10 production by blocking BAFF. Fourthly, we determined mRNA expression of transcription factors involved in IL-10 production in FACS sorted memory- and naive B cells upon exposure to medium or CSE. Results The presence of IL-10 producing regulatory B cells in parenchyma and lymphoid follicles in lungs was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of IL-10 + B-regs was significantly decreased in blood-derived memory B cell subsets from smokers without airflow limitation and patients with COPD, compared to never smokers. Furthermore, the capacity of B cells to produce IL-10 was reduced upon in vitro exposure to CSE and this could not be restored by BAFF-blockade. Finally, upon CSE exposure, mRNA levels of the transcription factors IRF4 and HIF-1α, were decreased in memory B cells. Conclusion Decreased numbers and impaired function of B-regs in smokers and patients with COPD might contribute to the initiation and progression of the disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02208-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Jacobs
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Verschraegen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bihiyga Salhi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Anckaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,OncoRNALab, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Abstract
Barrier tissues are the primary site of infection for pathogens likely to cause future pandemics. Tissue-resident lymphocytes can rapidly detect pathogens upon infection of barrier tissues and are critical in preventing viral spread. However, most vaccines fail to induce tissue-resident lymphocytes and are instead reliant on circulating antibodies to mediate protective immunity. Circulating antibody titers wane over time following vaccination leaving individuals susceptible to breakthrough infections by variant viral strains that evade antibody neutralization. Memory B cells were recently found to establish tissue residence following infection of barrier tissues. Here, we summarize emerging evidence for the importance of tissue-resident memory B cells in the establishment of protective immunity against viral and bacterial challenge. We also discuss the role of tissue-resident memory B cells in regulating the progression of non-infectious diseases. Finally, we examine new approaches to develop vaccines capable of eliciting barrier immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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14
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Dahdah A, Jaggers RM, Sreejit G, Johnson J, Kanuri B, Murphy AJ, Nagareddy PR. Immunological Insights into Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203190. [PMID: 36291057 PMCID: PMC9600209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most prominent addictions of the modern world, and one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. Although the number of tobacco smokers is believed to be at a historic low, electronic cigarette use has been on a dramatic rise over the past decades. Used as a replacement for cigarette smoking, electronic cigarettes were thought to reduce the negative effects of burning tobacco. Nonetheless, the delivery of nicotine by electronic cigarettes, the most prominent component of cigarette smoke (CS) is still delivering the same negative outcomes, albeit to a lesser extent than CS. Smoking has been shown to affect both the structural and functional aspects of major organs, including the lungs and vasculature. Although the deleterious effects of smoking on these organs individually is well-known, it is likely that the adverse effects of smoking on these organs will have long-lasting effects on the cardiovascular system. In addition, smoking has been shown to play an independent role in the homeostasis of the immune system, leading to major sequela. Both the adaptive and the innate immune system have been explored regarding CS and have been demonstrated to be altered in a way that promotes inflammatory signals, leading to an increase in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although the mechanism of action of CS has not been fully understood, disease pathways have been explored in both branches of the immune system. The pathophysiologically altered immune system during smoking and its correlation with cardiovascular diseases is not fully understood. Here we highlight some of the important pathological mechanisms that involve cigarette smoking and its many components on cardiovascular disease and the immune systems in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Babunageswararao Kanuri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zhang H, Li D, Lai Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Li Z. Serum immunoinflammatory-related protein complexes as personalized biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in lung cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:53-62. [PMID: 35714939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although routine surveillance to detect lung cancer recurrence with clinical imaging is recommended, early detection of disease progression has a major role in avoiding over-treatment. METHODS Here, serum immunoinflammatory-related protein complexes (IIRPCs) of a series of 1331 serum samples collected from 119 patients during the follow-up period were isolated using native-PAGE and then their levels were quantified. The associations of representative IIRPCs levels at their beginning, maximum, and minimum and the ratios of the maximum or minimum to the beginning IIRPCs levels with clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The statistical results indicate that patients with these ratios below the first quantiles of the minimum ratios had shorter progressive-free survival (PFS) and the follow-up time points for 108 of 113 patients with over 1.5-fold change in IIRPCs level relative to the beginning level as the beginning time point of humoral immune response has a median lead time of 61.9 weeks (IQR, 30.9-105.3) relative to progressive disease(PD) detected using clinical imaging. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that changes in IIRPCs levels may be early-warning signals of disease progression and response to treatment for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhizhen Lai
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhili Li
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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16
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Zhang Y, Xia R, Lv M, Li Z, Jin L, Chen X, Han Y, Shi C, Jiang Y, Jin S. Machine-Learning Algorithm-Based Prediction of Diagnostic Gene Biomarkers Related to Immune Infiltration in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:740513. [PMID: 35350787 PMCID: PMC8957805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.740513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to identify clinically relevant diagnostic biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while exploring how immune cell infiltration contributes towards COPD pathogenesis. Methods The GEO database provided two human COPD gene expression datasets (GSE38974 and GSE76925; n=134) along with the relevant controls (n=49) for differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses. Candidate biomarkers were identified using the support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) analysis and the LASSO regression model. The discriminatory ability was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. These candidate biomarkers were characterized in the GSE106986 dataset (14 COPD patients and 5 controls) in terms of their respective diagnostic values and expression levels. The CIBERSORT program was used to estimate patterns of tissue infiltration of 22 types of immune cells. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro model of COPD was established using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to validated the bioinformatics results. Results 80 genes were identified via DEG analysis that were primarily involved in cellular amino acid and metabolic processes, regulation of telomerase activity and phagocytosis, antigen processing and MHC class I-mediated peptide antigen presentation, and other biological processes. LASSO and SVM-RFE were used to further characterize the candidate diagnostic markers for COPD, SLC27A3, and STAU1. SLC27A3 and STAU1 were found to be diagnostic markers of COPD in the metadata cohort (AUC=0.734, AUC=0.745). Their relevance in COPD were validated in the GSE106986 dataset (AUC=0.900 AUC=0.971). Subsequent analysis of immune cell infiltration discovered an association between SLC27A3 and STAU1 with resting NK cells, plasma cells, eosinophils, activated mast cells, memory B cells, CD8+, CD4+, and helper follicular T-cells. The expressions of SLC27A3 and STAU1 were upregulated in COPD models both in vivo and in vitro. Immune infiltration activation was observed in COPD models, accompanied by the enhanced expression of SLC27A3 and STAU1. Whereas, the knockdown of SLC27A3 or STAU1 attenuated the effect of CSE on BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion STUA1 and SLC27A3 are valuable diagnostic biomarkers of COPD. COPD pathogenesis is heavily influenced by patterns of immune cell infiltration. This study provides a molecular biology insight into COPD occurrence and in exploring new therapeutic means useful in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongyao Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meiyu Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueda Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chunpeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine- Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shoude Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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17
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Kadushkin AG, Tahanovich AD, Movchan LV, Zafranskaya MM, Dziadzichkina VV, Shman TV. [Population rearrangement of B-lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:134-143. [PMID: 35485487 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are no drugs that can prevent progressive destruction of lung tissue and small airway fibrosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, molecular mechanisms of this disease are being studied. The aim of this study was to determine the chemokine receptor expression pattern of B-lymphocytes from peripheral blood and airways of patients with COPD. Peripheral blood was collected from 51 smokers with COPD, 21 healthy smokers, and 20 healthy non-smokers. Seven smokers with COPD and 7 healthy smokers were recruited to undergo bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The expression of chemokine receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, and CXCR5 on the surface of blood and BAL B-lymphocytes was determined by flow cytometry. It was found that the percentage of blood B-lymphocytes expressing chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 was higher in smokers with COPD compared with healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers. The percentage of CD27⁺ B-cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR3 receptors exceeded the proportion of CD27⁻ B-lymphocytes expressing these receptors in peripheral blood of patients with COPD and healthy controls. In smoking patients with COPD, the percentage of BAL B-cells expressing receptors CCR5 and CXCR3 was also increased compared with healthy smokers. There were no differences in the percentage of B-lymphocytes expressing receptors CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7 in both peripheral blood and BAL between smokers with COPD and healthy smokers. A greater percentage of CD27⁻ B-lymphocytes than CD27⁺ B-cells expressed receptors CXCR4, CXCR5, CCR6, and CCR7 in the peripheral blood of smokers with COPD and healthy controls. The results of this study indicate a modification in the chemokine receptor profile of B-lymphocytes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L V Movchan
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - M M Zafranskaya
- International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - T V Shman
- Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Minsk, Belarus
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18
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van Straalen KR, Prens EP, Gudjonsson JE. Insights into hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1150-1161. [PMID: 35189127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, inflammatory skin disorder with a prevalence of around 1% and a profound impact on patients' quality of life. Characteristic lesions such as inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts develop in the axillae, inguinal, and gluteal areas, typically during or after puberty. A complex interplay of genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, obesity, and smoking contributes to development and maintenance of the disease. HS is considered to arise from an intrinsic defect within the hair follicle, leading to follicular plugging, cyst formation, and subsequent rupture that in turn induce an acute inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF. Over time, acute lesions transition into chronic disease, with active draining sinus tracts accompanied by extensive fibrosis. HS is associated with other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities. Treatment of HS often requires a combination of antibiotic or immunosuppressing therapies and surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the currently available treatments are not universally effective, and many drugs, which are often repurposed from other inflammatory diseases, are under investigation. Studies into the early stages of HS may yield treatments to prevent disease progression; yet, they are hampered by a lack of appropriate in vitro and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Lindenmann J, Smolle-Juettner FM. Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846605. [PMID: 35386685 PMCID: PMC8978964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Wang N, Qin W, Zheng Z, Zhao M, Xiong J, Fang H, Sun R, Wang Y, Li C, Dong L, Sun X, Wang L, Xu P, Cheng S, Xu H, Zhang F, Zhao W. Hepatitis B virus-associated follicular lymphoma presents T-cell inflamed phenotype and response to lenalidomide. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 42:170-174. [PMID: 34854251 PMCID: PMC8822589 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Wang
- Network & Information Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Network & Information Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Shu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Weili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Pôle de Recherches Sino-Français en Science du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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21
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Morales-Prieto DM, Fuentes-Zacarías P, Murrieta-Coxca JM, Gutierrez-Samudio RN, Favaro RR, Fitzgerald JS, Markert UR. Smoking for two- effects of tobacco consumption on placenta. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:101023. [PMID: 34521556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an important public health issue recognized by the world health organization as one of the most serious, preventable risk factors for developing a series of pregnancy pathologies. Maternal smoking is positively associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and gestational diabetes (GDM), but negatively associated with preeclampsia (PE). In this review, we examine epidemiological, clinical and laboratory studies of smoking effects on immunoregulation during pregnancy, trophoblast function, and placental vasculature development and metabolism. We aim to identify effects of tobacco smoke components on specific placental compartments or cells, which may contribute to the understanding of the influences of maternal smoking on placenta function in normal and pathological pregnancies. Data corroborates that in any trimester, smoking is unsafe for pregnancy and that its detrimental effects outweigh questionable benefits. The effects of maternal smoking on the maternal immune regulation throughout pregnancy and the impact of different tobacco products on fetal growth have not yet been fully understood. Smoking cessation rather than treatment with replacement therapies is recommended for future mothers because also single components of tobacco and its smoke may have detrimental effects on placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rodolfo R Favaro
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Justine S Fitzgerald
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany; Zentrum für ambulante Medizin, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
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22
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Piaggeschi G, Rolla S, Rossi N, Brusa D, Naccarati A, Couvreur S, Spector TD, Roederer M, Mangino M, Cordero F, Falchi M, Visconti A. Immune Trait Shifts in Association With Tobacco Smoking: A Study in Healthy Women. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637974. [PMID: 33767708 PMCID: PMC7985448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is known to impact circulating levels of major immune cells populations, but its effect on specific immune cell subsets remains poorly understood. Here, using high-resolution data from 223 healthy women (25 current and 198 never smokers), we investigated the association between smoking status and 35,651 immune traits capturing immune cell subset frequencies. Our results confirmed that active tobacco smoking is associated with increased frequencies of circulating CD8+ T cells expressing the CD25 activation marker. Moreover, we identified novel associations between smoking status and relative abundances of CD8+ CD25+ memory T cells, CD8+ memory T cells expressing the CCR4 chemokine receptor, and CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) CD25+ T cells. We also observed, in current smokers, a decrease in the relative frequencies of CD4+ T cells expressing the CD38 activation marker and an increase in class-switched memory B cell isotypes IgA, IgG, and IgE. Finally, using data from 135 former female smokers, we showed that the relative frequencies of immune traits associated with active smoking are usually completely restored after smoking cessation, with the exception of subsets of CD8+ and CD8+ memory T cells, which persist partially altered. Our results are consistent with previous findings and provide further evidence on how tobacco smoking shapes leukocyte cell subsets proportion toward chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Piaggeschi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Rolla
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Brusa
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (FPO-IRCCS), Turin, Italy
| | - Simon Couvreur
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Ponsford MJ, Steven R, Bramhall K, Burgess M, Wijetilleka S, Carne E, McGuire F, Price CR, Moody M, Zouwail S, Tahir T, Farewell D, El-Shanawany T, Jolles SRA. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia referred to a national immunodeficiency clinic reveals a B-cell signature resembling common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:587-592. [PMID: 32094276 PMCID: PMC7476264 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS An association between antibody deficiency and clozapine use in individuals with schizophrenia has recently been reported. We hypothesised that if clozapine-associated hypogammaglobulinaemia was clinically relevant this would manifest in referral patterns. METHODS Retrospective case note review of patients referred and assessed by Immunology Centre for Wales (ICW) between January 2005 and July 2018 with extraction of clinical and immunological features for individuals with diagnosis of schizophrenia-like illness. RESULTS 1791 adult patients were assessed at ICW during this period; 23 patients had a psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Principal indications for referral were findings of low calculated globulin and immunoglobulins. Clozapine was the single most commonly prescribed antipsychotic (17/23), disproportionately increased relative to reported use in the general schizophrenia population (OR 6.48, 95% CI: 1.79 to 23.5). Clozapine therapy was noted in 6/7 (86%) of patients subsequently requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). Marked reduction of class-switched memory B cells (CSMB) and plasmablasts were observed in clozapine-treated individuals relative to healthy age-matched controls. Clozapine duration is associated with CSMB decline. One patient discontinued clozapine, with gradual recovery of IgG levels without use of IgRT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with enrichment of clozapine-treatment within schizophrenic individuals referred for ICW assessment over the last 13 years. These individuals displayed clinical patterns closely resembling the primary immunodeficiency common variable immunodeficiency, however appears reversible on drug cessation. This has diagnostic, monitoring and treatment implications for psychiatry and immunology teams and directs prospective studies to address causality and the wider implications for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark James Ponsford
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Tenovus Institute, Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael Steven
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathyrn Bramhall
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mathew Burgess
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sonali Wijetilleka
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emily Carne
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances McGuire
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Colin R Price
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mo Moody
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Soha Zouwail
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tayyeb Tahir
- Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tariq El-Shanawany
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen R A Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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24
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Lee AC, Chakladar J, Li WT, Chen C, Chang EY, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155513. [PMID: 32752138 PMCID: PMC7432384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, overlaps with the ongoing epidemics of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping. However, there is scarce data relating COVID-19 risks and outcome with cigarette or e-cig use. In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. We found that smoking, but not vaping, upregulates ACE2, the cellular receptor that SARS-CoV-2 requires for infection. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Specifically, chemokines including CCL20 and CXCL8 are upregulated in smokers, and CCL5 and CCR1 are upregulated in flavor/nicotine-containing e-cig users. We also found genes implicated in inflammasomes, such as CXCL1, CXCL2, NOD2, and ASC, to be upregulated in smokers and these e-cig users. Vaping flavor and nicotine-less e-cigs, however, did not lead to significant cytokine dysregulation and inflammasome activation. Release of inflammasome products, such as IL-1B, and cytokine storms are hallmarks of COVID-19 infection, especially in severe cases. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that smoking or vaping may critically exacerbate COVID-19-related inflammation or increase susceptibility to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby C. Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.L.); (J.C.); (W.T.L.); (C.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.L.); (J.C.); (W.T.L.); (C.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.L.); (J.C.); (W.T.L.); (C.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Chengyu Chen
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.L.); (J.C.); (W.T.L.); (C.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (A.C.L.); (J.C.); (W.T.L.); (C.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-552-8585 (ext. 7165)
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25
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Tanimura K, Sato S, Sato A, Tanabe N, Hasegawa K, Uemasu K, Hamakawa Y, Hirai T, Muro S. Low serum free light chain is associated with risk of COPD exacerbation. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00288-2019. [PMID: 32665945 PMCID: PMC7335835 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00288-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are triggered by respiratory tract infections. Adaptive immunity via antibody production is important in preventing infections. Impaired antibody production is reported to be associated with an increased risk of exacerbations of COPD. In the present study, we elucidated whether reduced free light chains (FLCs), which are excessive amounts of light chains produced during antibody synthesis and can be used to estimate systemic antibody production, may be a promising biomarker to predict the risk of exacerbations of COPD. Methods We enrolled stable male patients with COPD and prospectively observed them for 2 years. At baseline, serum combined FLC (cFLC; sum of kappa and lambda values) and pulmonary function were evaluated. Exacerbation was defined as a worsening of symptoms requiring treatments with antibiotics, corticosteroids or both. Results 63 patients with stable COPD were enrolled (72.8±8.1 years, GOLD A/B/C/D=24/28/6/5), and 51 patients completed the 2-year follow-up. Serum cFLC was 31.1 mg·L−1 on average and ranged widely (1.4 to 89.9 mg·L−1). The patients with low cFLC (below the mean−sd, n=6) experienced a significantly shorter time to the first exacerbation of COPD (p<0.0001 by the log-rank test). A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, including the COPD assessment test score, % predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 % pred), and number of previous exacerbations demonstrated that low cFLC and low FEV1 % pred were independently and significantly correlated with the risk for exacerbations of COPD. Conclusion Low cFLC may be a B-cell-associated novel biomarker associated with risk of COPD exacerbation. Impaired antibody production is associated with an increased risk for exacerbations of COPD. Low serum free light chain is a novel B-cell-associated biomarker for COPD exacerbations.https://bit.ly/35cgMTC
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tanimura
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsuyasu Sato
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Uemasu
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Hamakawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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26
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Sato K, Mimaki S, Yamashita R, Togashi Y, Naito T, Udagawa H, Katsumata S, Nakasone S, Miyoshi T, Tane K, Aokage K, Sugano M, Kojima M, Fujii S, Kuwata T, Ochiai A, Goto K, Tsuboi M, Tsuchihara K, Ishii G. Association between the mutational smoking signature and the immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2020; 147:12-20. [PMID: 32652369 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mutational signatures associated with tobacco smoking (mutational smoking signatures: SS) are characterized mainly by C > A mutations. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between the tumor immune microenvironment and the SS in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Lung adenocarcinomas surgically resected from 96 patients, for which whole exome sequencing data was available, were included in the study. We extracted the SS from whole exome sequencing data, calculated the weights of SS using deconstructSigs, and compared the clinicopathological features of SS positive (SS+) and negative (SS-) adenocarcinomas. We selected 18 tumor pairs from SS + and SS- adenocarcinomas (sex, EGFR mutation, and tumor size-matched) and examined the expression of five immune markers (CD20, CD8, FOXP3, CD204, and PD-L1) by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of 96 specimens, there were 33 (34 %) SS + adenocarcinoma tumors. The smoking index significantly correlated with the weight of the SS (R = 0.43). Between SS + and SS- tumors, there was no significant difference in clinicopathological factors excluding smoking history. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the number of FOXP3 + T cells in SS + adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in the SS- adenocarcinomas (median number 58 vs. 36, p < 0.01). Also, the number of CD20 + B cells in SS + adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that in the SS- adenocarcinomas (median number 77 vs. 29, p < 0.01); however; these phenomena could not be confirmed when stratified by smoking history. CONCLUSION In lung adenocarcinoma, SS is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sato
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Riu Yamashita
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology Research Institute, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Naito
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hibiki Udagawa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinya Katsumata
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakasone
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
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27
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Ponsford MJ, Steven R, Bramhall K, Burgess M, Wijetilleka S, Carne E, McGuire F, Price CR, Moody M, Zouwail S, Tahir T, Farewell D, El-Shanawany T, Jolles SRA. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia referred to a national immunodeficiency clinic reveals a B-cell signature resembling common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). J Clin Pathol 2020. [PMID: 32094276 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath‐2019‐206235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An association between antibody deficiency and clozapine use in individuals with schizophrenia has recently been reported. We hypothesised that if clozapine-associated hypogammaglobulinaemia was clinically relevant this would manifest in referral patterns. METHODS Retrospective case note review of patients referred and assessed by Immunology Centre for Wales (ICW) between January 2005 and July 2018 with extraction of clinical and immunological features for individuals with diagnosis of schizophrenia-like illness. RESULTS 1791 adult patients were assessed at ICW during this period; 23 patients had a psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Principal indications for referral were findings of low calculated globulin and immunoglobulins. Clozapine was the single most commonly prescribed antipsychotic (17/23), disproportionately increased relative to reported use in the general schizophrenia population (OR 6.48, 95% CI: 1.79 to 23.5). Clozapine therapy was noted in 6/7 (86%) of patients subsequently requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT). Marked reduction of class-switched memory B cells (CSMB) and plasmablasts were observed in clozapine-treated individuals relative to healthy age-matched controls. Clozapine duration is associated with CSMB decline. One patient discontinued clozapine, with gradual recovery of IgG levels without use of IgRT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with enrichment of clozapine-treatment within schizophrenic individuals referred for ICW assessment over the last 13 years. These individuals displayed clinical patterns closely resembling the primary immunodeficiency common variable immunodeficiency, however appears reversible on drug cessation. This has diagnostic, monitoring and treatment implications for psychiatry and immunology teams and directs prospective studies to address causality and the wider implications for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark James Ponsford
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK .,Tenovus Institute, Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael Steven
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathyrn Bramhall
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mathew Burgess
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sonali Wijetilleka
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emily Carne
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances McGuire
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Colin R Price
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mo Moody
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Soha Zouwail
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tayyeb Tahir
- Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tariq El-Shanawany
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen R A Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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28
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Ni Y, Shi G, Qu J. Indoor PM 2.5, tobacco smoking and chronic lung diseases: A narrative review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108910. [PMID: 31780052 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The lung is one of the most important organs exposed to environmental agents. People spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, and risks to health may thus be greater from exposure to poor air quality indoors than outdoors. Multiple indoor pollutants have been linked to chronic respiratory diseases. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known as an important source of multiple pollutants, especially in indoor environments. Indoor PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm) was reported to be the most reliable marker of the presence of tobacco smoke. Recent studies have demonstrated that PM2.5 is closely correlated with chronic lung diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the relationship of tobacco smoking and indoor PM2.5 and the mechanism that underpin the link of tobacco smoke, indoor PM2.5 and chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Burchiel SW, Lauer FT, Factor-Litvak P, Liu X, Santella RM, Islam T, Eunus M, Alam N, Islam T, Rahman M, Ahmed A, Ahsan H, Graziano J, Parvez F. An increase in circulating B cells and B cell activation markers in peripheral blood is associated with cigarette smoking in a male cohort in Bangladesh. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 384:114783. [PMID: 31669812 PMCID: PMC6886671 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In a cohort of approximately 200 Bangladeshi men, equally divided into smokers and non-smokers and equally divided by exposure to high and low levels of drinking water arsenic, we examined ex vivo a series of immune markers and immune function tests in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These immune parameters included PBMC cell surface markers (CSM) for B, T, monocytes, and NK cells, activated T and B cell markers, cytokine production in vitro, and analysis of CD4 subsets (Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17 cells). We found that the effects of cigarette smoke were quite different than those associated with arsenic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. Cigarette smoking was associated with a significant increase in the number of PAH-DNA adducts as well as an increase in urinary levels of 1-hydropxypyrene (1-OHP). After correcting for arsenic exposure and PAH-DNA adducts, we found that cigarette smoking was associated with an increase in the percentage of CD19+ B cells, as well as the percentage of activated B cells (CD19+, HLA-DRbright cells) found in PBMC. These findings demonstrate activation of the immune system during chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, which is a known risk factor for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Burchiel
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America.
| | - Fredine T Lauer
- The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States of America
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Eunus
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Nur Alam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Tariqul Islam
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanour Rahman
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Alauddin Ahmed
- University of Chicago Field Research Office, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Joseph Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Naismith E, Pangrazzi L, Grasse M, Keller M, Miggitsch C, Weinberger B, Trieb K, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. Peripheral antibody concentrations are associated with highly differentiated T cells and inflammatory processes in the human bone marrow. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2019; 16:21. [PMID: 31462901 PMCID: PMC6706884 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-019-0161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Antigen-experienced immune cells migrate back to the bone marrow (BM), where they are maintained in BM survival niches for an extended period. The composition of T cell subpopulations in the BM changes with age, leading to an accumulation of highly differentiated T cells and a loss of naïve T cells. While innate immune cells are also affected by age, little is known about interactions between different adaptive immune cell populations maintained in the BM. In this study, the phenotype and function of innate and adaptive immune cells isolated from human BM and peripheral blood (PB) was analysed in detail using flow cytometry, to determine if the accumulation of highly differentiated T and B cells, supported by the BM niches, limits the maintenance of other immune cells, or affects their functions such as providing protective antibody concentrations. Results Total T cells increase in the BM with age, as do highly differentiated CD8+ T cells which no longer express the co-stimulatory molecule CD28, while natural killer T (NKT) cells, monocytes, B cells, and naïve CD8+ T cells all decrease in the BM with age. A negative correlation of total T cells with B cells was observed in the BM. The percentage of B cells in the BM negatively correlated with highly differentiated CD8+CD28− T cells, replicative-senescent CD8+CD57+ T cells, as well as the CD8+CD28−CD57+ population. Similar correlations were seen between B cells and the frequency of highly differentiated T cells producing pro-inflammatory molecules in the BM. Interestingly, plasma concentrations of diphtheria-specific antibodies negatively correlated with highly differentiated CD8+CD57+ T cells as well as with exhausted central memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the BM. A negative impact on diphtheria-specific antibodies was also observed for CD8+ T cells expressing senescence associated genes such as the cell cycle regulator p21 (CDKN1A), KLRG-1, and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conclusion Our data suggest that the accumulation and maintenance of highly differentiated, senescent, and exhausted T cells in the BM, particularly in old age, may interfere with the survival of other cell populations resident in the BM such as monocytes and B cells, leading to reduced peripheral diphtheria antibody concentrations as a result. These findings further highlight the importance of the BM in the long-term maintenance of immunological memory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-019-0161-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Naismith
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luca Pangrazzi
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marco Grasse
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Keller
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Miggitsch
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- 1Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klemens Trieb
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Wels-Grieskirchen, Grieskirchnerstrasse 42, Wels, Austria
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31
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Gu BH, Sprouse ML, Madison MC, Hong MJ, Yuan X, Tung HY, Landers CT, Song LZ, Corry DB, Bettini M, Kheradmand F. A Novel Animal Model of Emphysema Induced by Anti-Elastin Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:349-359. [PMID: 31182478 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of immune tolerance to self-antigens can promote chronic inflammation and disrupt the normal function of multiple organs, including the lungs. Degradation of elastin, a highly insoluble protein and a significant component of the lung structural matrix, generates proinflammatory molecules. Elastin fragments (EFs) have been detected in the serum of smokers with emphysema, and elastin-specific T cells have also been detected in the peripheral blood of smokers with emphysema. However, an animal model that could recapitulate T cell-specific autoimmune responses by initiating and sustaining inflammation in the lungs is lacking. In this study, we report an animal model of autoimmune emphysema mediated by the loss of tolerance to elastin. Mice immunized with a combination of human EFs plus rat EFs but not mouse EFs showed increased infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells to the lungs and developed emphysema. We cloned and expanded mouse elastin-specific CD4+ T cells from the lung and spleen of immunized mice. Finally, we identified TCR sequences from the autoreactive T cell clones, suggesting possible pathogenic TCRs that can cause loss of immune tolerance against elastin. This new autoimmune model of emphysema provides a useful tool to examine the immunological factors that promote loss of immune tolerance to self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hee Gu
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Maran L Sprouse
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Matthew C Madison
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Monica J Hong
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hui-Ying Tung
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Cameron T Landers
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li-Zhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Maria Bettini
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030; .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; .,Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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32
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Zeneyedpour L, Dekker LJM, van Sten‐van`t Hoff JJM, Burgers PC, ten Hacken NHT, Luider TM. Neoantigens in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer: A Point of View. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800093. [PMID: 30706659 PMCID: PMC6593722 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this manuscript is to explore the role of clinical proteomics for detecting mutations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer by mass spectrometry-based technology. COPD and lung cancer caused by smoke inhalation are most likely linked by challenging the immune system via partly shared pathways. Genome-wide association studies have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms which predispose an increased susceptibility to COPD and lung cancer. In lung cancer, this leads to coding mutations in the affected tissues, development of neoantigens, and different functionality and abundance of proteins in specific pathways. If a similar reasoning can also be applied in COPD will be discussed. The technology of mass spectrometry has developed into an advanced technology for proteome research detecting mutated peptides or proteins and finding relevant molecular mechanisms that will enable predicting the response to immunotherapy in COPD and lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nick H. T. ten Hacken
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen9713 GroningenNetherlands
| | - Theo M. Luider
- Department of NeurologyErasmus MCRotterdam3015 GENetherlands
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33
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Effects of cigarette smoke on immunity, neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 329:24-34. [PMID: 30361070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the most prominent significant cause of death and morbidity. It is recognised as a risk factor for a number of immune mediated, inflammatory diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we review the complex immunological effects of smoking on the immune system, which include enhancement of inflammatory responses with a parallel reduction of some immune defences, resulting in an increased susceptibility to infection and a persistent proinflammatory environment. We discuss the effect of smoking on the susceptibility, clinical course, disability, and mortality in MS, the likely benefits of smoking cessation, and the specific immunological effects of smoking in MS. In conclusion, smoking is an important environmental risk factor for MS occurrence and outcome, and it acts in significant part through immunological mechanisms.
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34
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Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1033. [PMID: 29883409 PMCID: PMC5982072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the skewed inflammatory profile that aggravates inflammation, promotes infections, induces tissue damage, and may promote the development of allergy in individuals exposed to ETS. We demonstrate how the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke leads to oxidative stress, increased mucosal inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ([TNF]-α). Direct cellular effects of ETS on epithelial cells results in increased permeability, mucus overproduction, impaired mucociliary clearance, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and disturbed lymphocyte balance towards Th2. The plethora of presented phenomena fully justifies a restrictive policy aiming at limiting the domestic and public exposure to ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
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35
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Poole JA, Mikuls TR, Duryee MJ, Warren KJ, Wyatt TA, Nelson AJ, Romberger DJ, West WW, Thiele GM. A role for B cells in organic dust induced lung inflammation. Respir Res 2017; 18:214. [PMID: 29273051 PMCID: PMC5741951 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture organic dust exposures induce lung disease with lymphoid aggregates comprised of both T and B cells. The precise role of B cells in mediating lung inflammation is unknown, yet might be relevant given the emerging role of B cells in obstructive pulmonary disease and associated autoimmunity. METHODS Using an established animal model, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and B-cell receptor (BCR) knock-out (KO) mice were repetitively treated with intranasal inhalation of swine confinement organic dust extract (ODE) daily for 3 weeks and lavage fluid, lung tissues, and serum were collected. RESULTS ODE-induced neutrophil influx in lavage fluid was not reduced in BCR KO animals, but there was reduction in TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release. ODE-induced lymphoid aggregates failed to develop in BCR KO mice. There was a decrease in ODE-induced lung tissue CD11c+CD11b+ exudative macrophages and compensatory increase in CD8+ T cells in lavage fluid of BCR KO animals. Compared to saline, there was an expansion of conventional B2-, innate B1 (CD19+CD11b+CD5+/-)-, and memory (CD19+CD273+/-CD73+/-) B cells following ODE exposure in WT mice. Autoreactive responses including serum IgG anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) autoantibodies were increased in ODE treated WT mice as compared to saline control. B cells and serum immunoglobulins were not detected in BCR KO animals. CONCLUSIONS Lung tissue staining for citrullinated and MAA modified proteins were increased in ODE-treated WT animals, but not BCR KO mice. These studies show that agriculture organic dust induced lung inflammation is dependent upon B cells, and dust exposure induces an autoreactive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Poole
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kristi J Warren
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy J Nelson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), 985990 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5990, USA.,Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - William W West
- Pathology and Microbiology Department, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA.,Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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36
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Obeidat M, Nie Y, Fishbane N, Li X, Bossé Y, Joubert P, Nickle DC, Hao K, Postma DS, Timens W, Sze MA, Shannon CP, Hollander Z, Ng RT, McManus B, Miller BE, Rennard S, Spira A, Hackett TL, Lam W, Lam S, Faner R, Agusti A, Hogg JC, Sin DD, Paré PD. Integrative Genomics of Emphysema-Associated Genes Reveals Potential Disease Biomarkers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:411-418. [PMID: 28459279 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0284oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Gene expression profiling across multiple regions of the same lung identified genes significantly related to emphysema. We sought to determine whether the lung and epithelial expression of 127 emphysema-related genes was also related to lung function in independent cohorts, and whether any of these genes could be used as biomarkers in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To that end, we examined whether the expression levels of these genes were under genetic control in lung tissue (n = 1,111). We then determined whether the mRNA levels of these genes in lung tissue (n = 727), small airway epithelial cells (n = 238), and peripheral blood (n = 620) were significantly related to lung function measurements. The expression of 63 of the 127 genes (50%) was under genetic control in lung tissue. The lung and epithelial mRNA expression of a subset of the emphysema-associated genes, including ASRGL1, LPHN2, and EDNRB, was strongly associated with lung function. In peripheral blood, the expression of 40 genes was significantly associated with lung function. Twenty-nine of these genes (73%) were also associated with lung function in lung tissue, but with the opposite direction of effect for 24 of the 29 genes, including those involved in hypoxia and B cell-related responses. The integrative genomics approach uncovered a significant overlap of emphysema genes associations with lung function between lung and blood with opposite directions between the two. These results support the use of peripheral blood to detect disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'en Obeidat
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yunlong Nie
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nick Fishbane
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuan Li
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- 2 Department of Molecular Medicine.,3 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, and
| | - Philippe Joubert
- 3 Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, and.,4 Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - David C Nickle
- 5 Merck Research Laboratories, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ke Hao
- 6 Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Wim Timens
- 8 Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Sze
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Casey P Shannon
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zsuzsanna Hollander
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond T Ng
- 9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,9 Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF) Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Rennard
- 11 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,12 Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Avrum Spira
- 13 Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,14 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wan Lam
- 15 Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- 15 Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rosa Faner
- 16 Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvar Agusti
- 16 Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James C Hogg
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,17 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Don D Sin
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,18 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter D Paré
- 1 The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,18 Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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37
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Meeuwsen JAL, van Duijvenvoorde A, Gohar A, Kozma MO, van de Weg SM, Gijsberts CM, Haitjema S, Björkbacka H, Fredrikson GN, de Borst GJ, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Binder CJ, Hoefer IE, de Jager SCA. High Levels of (Un)Switched Memory B Cells Are Associated With Better Outcome in Patients With Advanced Atherosclerotic Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e005747. [PMID: 28882820 PMCID: PMC5634255 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory lipid disorder and the main underlying pathology of acute ischemic events. Despite a vast amount of data from murine atherosclerosis models, evidence of B-cell involvement in human atherosclerotic disease is limited. We therefore investigated the association of circulating B-cell subtypes with the occurrence of secondary cardiovascular events in advanced atherosclerotic disease. METHODS AND RESULTS This cohort study consists of 168 patients who were included in the Athero-Express biobank between 2009 and 2011. Before surgery, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stored in liquid nitrogen. After gentle thawing of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, different B-cell subtypes including naïve, (un)switched memory, and CD27+CD43+ B1-like B cells, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze associations between B-cell subtypes, circulating antibodies and secondary cardiovascular manifestations during the 3-year follow-up period. Mean age was 70.1±9.6 years, males represented 62.8% of the population, and 54 patients had secondary manifestations during follow-up. High numbers of unswitched memory cells were protective against secondary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13-0.69]; P<0.01). Similar results were obtained for the switched memory cells that also showed to be protective against secondary outcome (hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.14-0.77]; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS A high number of (un)switched memory B cells is associated with better outcome following carotid artery endarterectomy. These findings suggest a potential role for B-cell subsets in prediction and prevention of secondary cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amerik van Duijvenvoorde
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aisha Gohar
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria O Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sander M van de Weg
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Crystel M Gijsberts
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunilla N Fredrikson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory for Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Qiu F, Fan P, Nie GD, Liu H, Liang CL, Yu W, Dai Z. Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Transplant Survival: Extending or Shortening It? Front Immunol 2017; 8:127. [PMID: 28239383 PMCID: PMC5300974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) regulates both innate and adaptive immunity and causes numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory, and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers, and transplant rejection. Therefore, smoking poses a serious challenge to the healthcare system worldwide. Epidemiological studies have always shown that CS is one of the major risk factors for transplant rejection, even though smoking plays redundant roles in regulating immune responses. The complex roles for smoking in immunoregulation are likely due to molecular and functional diversities of cigarette smoke components, including carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine. Especially, CO has been shown to induce immune tolerance. Although CS has been shown to impact transplantation by causing complications and subsequent rejection, it is overlooked whether CS interferes with transplant tolerance. We have previously demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure reverses long-term allograft survival induced by costimulatory blockade. Given that CS impacts both adaptive and innate immunity and that it hinders long-term transplant survival, our perspective is that CS impacts transplant tolerance. Here, we review impacts of CS on major immune cells that are critical for transplant outcomes and propose the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its effects on alloimmunity and transplant survival. Further investigations are warranted to fully understand why CS exerts deleterious rather than beneficial effects on transplant survival even if some of its components are immunosuppressive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine , Xi'an , China
| | - Golay D Nie
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, TX , USA
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wanlin Yu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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Qiu F, Liang CL, Liu H, Zeng YQ, Hou S, Huang S, Lai X, Dai Z. Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down? Oncotarget 2017; 8:268-284. [PMID: 27902485 PMCID: PMC5352117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/Th17), CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and memory T/B lymphocytes while innate immune cells impacted by smoking are mostly DCs, macrophages and NK cells. Complex roles of cigarette smoke have resulted in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and transplant rejection etc. Although previous reviews have described the effects of smoking on various diseases and regional immunity associated with specific diseases, a comprehensive and updated review is rarely seen to demonstrate impacts of smoking on general immunity and, especially on major components of immune cells. Here, we aim to systematically and objectively review the influence of smoking on major components of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system. The molecular pathways impacted by cigarette smoking involve NFκB, MAP kinases and histone modification. Further investigations are warranted to understand the exact mechanisms responsible for smoking-mediated immunopathology and to answer lingering questions over why cigarette smoking is always harmful rather than beneficial even though it exerts dual effects on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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TGF-β/BAMBI pathway dysfunction contributes to peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31911. [PMID: 27549738 PMCID: PMC4994021 DOI: 10.1038/srep31911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is postulated to inhibit or modulate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. Furthermore, strong upregulation of BAMBI expression following in vitro infection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung tissue has been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated whether TGF-β/BAMBI pathway is associated with COPD. Blood samples were obtained from 27 healthy controls (HC), 24 healthy smokers (HS) and 29 COPD patients. Elevated Th17/Treg ratios, and increased levels of BAMBI protein and mRNA (in plasma and CD4(+) T cells respectively), were observed in COPD compared with HC and HS. BAMBI expression was first observed on human CD4(+) T cells, with a typical membrane-bound pattern. The enhanced plasma BAMBI levels in COPD positively correlated with the increased plasma TGF-β1 levels and Th17/Treg ratio. Together, an impaired TGF-β/BAMBI pathway may promote the inflammation leading to Th17/Treg imbalance, which is a new mechanism in smokers who develop COPD.
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Polverino F, Seys LJM, Bracke KR, Owen CA. B cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: moving to center stage. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L687-L695. [PMID: 27542809 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory responses in the lungs contribute to the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although research studies focused initially on the contributions of the innate immune system to the pathogenesis of COPD, more recent studies have implicated adaptive immune responses in COPD. In particular, studies have demonstrated increases in B cell counts and increases in the number and size of B cell-rich lymphoid follicles in COPD lungs that correlate directly with COPD severity. There are also increases in lung levels of mediators that promote B cell maturation, activation, and survival in COPD patients. B cell products such as autoantibodies directed against lung cells, components of cells, and extracellular matrix proteins are also present in COPD lungs. These autoantibodies may contribute to lung inflammation and injury in COPD patients, in part, by forming immune complexes that activate complement components. Studies of B cell-deficient mice and human COPD patients have linked B cells most strongly to the emphysema phenotype. However, B cells have protective activities during acute exacerbations of COPD by promoting adaptive immune responses that contribute to host defense against pathogens. This review outlines the evidence that links B cells and B cell-rich lymphoid follicles to the pathogenesis of COPD and the mechanisms involved. It also reviews the potential and limitations of B cells as therapeutic targets to slow the progression of human COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; University of Parma, Parma, Italy; and
| | - Leen J M Seys
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico;
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Bhat TA, Panzica L, Kalathil SG, Thanavala Y. Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2015; 12 Suppl 2:S169-75. [PMID: 26595735 PMCID: PMC4722840 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201503-126aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic disease. Chronic inflammation is the hallmark of COPD, involving the interplay of a wide variety of cells in the lung microenvironment. Cigarette smoke (CS) induces chronic lung inflammation and is considered a key etiological factor in the development and pathogenesis of COPD. Structural and inflammatory cells in the lung respond to CS exposure by releasing proinflammatory mediators that recruit additional inflammatory immune cells, which collectively contribute to the establishment of a chronic inflammatory microenvironment. Chronic inflammation contributes to lung damage, compromises innate and adaptive immune responses, and facilitates the recurrent episodes of respiratory infection that punctuate and further contribute to the pathological manifestations of the stable disease. A number of studies support the conclusion that immune dysfunction leads to exacerbations and disease severity in COPD. Our group has clearly demonstrated that CS exacerbates lung inflammation and compromises immunity to respiratory pathogens in a mouse model of COPD. We have also investigated the phenotype of immune cells in patients with COPD compared with healthy control subjects and found extensive immune dysfunction due to the presence and functional activity of T regulatory cells, CD4(+)PD-1(+) exhausted effector T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Manipulation of these immunosuppressive networks in COPD could provide a rational strategy to restore functional immune responses, reduce exacerbations, and improve lung function. In this review, we discuss the role of immune dysfunction in COPD that may contribute to recurrent respiratory infections and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Louis Panzica
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Kalathil SG, Lugade AA, Pradhan V, Miller A, Parameswaran GI, Sethi S, Thanavala Y. T-regulatory cells and programmed death 1+ T cells contribute to effector T-cell dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:40-50. [PMID: 24825462 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201312-2293oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prone to exacerbations with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae have impaired responses to lipoprotein P6. We hypothesized that an underlying immunosuppressive network could be responsible for the defective antibacterial immunity observed in these patients. We evaluated T regulatory cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and exhausted T effector cells (programmed death 1 [PD-1](+)) in patients with COPD, because these cells are known to play a pivotal role in suppressing immune responses. OBJECTIVES We performed an in-depth characterization of Tregs, T effector cells, and MDSC in COPD and correlated their levels and function with disease severity. METHODS Treg, effector T cell, and MDSC frequency from patients with COPD and healthy subjects' PBMCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Treg immunosuppressive capacity was measured by in vitro suppression assay. The frequency of interferon-γ producing T cells and T-cell proliferation were measured after blocking CTLA-4 and PD-1. Plasma proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine levels were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Significantly increased levels of Tregs, MDSC, and PD-1(+) exhausted effector T cells were present in patients with COPD compared with healthy subjects. Tregs from patients with COPD suppressed P6-specific T-cell proliferation to a greater extent than Tregs from healthy subjects. Plasma levels of Treg-generated cytokines, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-β were elevated. Blockade of CTLA-4 resulted in significant augmentation of T-cell IFN-γ production in patients with COPD. CONCLUSIONS Functionally suppressive Tregs, MDSCs, and exhausted PD-1(+) T cells contribute to effector T-cell dysfunction in COPD.
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Prins JR, Hylkema MN, Erwich JJH, Huitema S, Dekkema GJ, Dijkstra FE, Faas MM, Melgert BN. Smoking during pregnancy influences the maternal immune response in mice and humans. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:76.e1-14. [PMID: 22607666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During pregnancy the maternal immune system has to adapt its response to accommodate the fetus. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of smoking on the maternal immune system. STUDY DESIGN First-trimester decidual tissue and peripheral blood of smoking and nonsmoking women were analyzed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. A mouse model was used to further analyze the effects of smoking. Murine tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Smoking caused lower percentages of viable pups in mice and lower birthweights in humans. Smoking mothers, both mice and human, had more natural killer cells and inflammatory macrophages locally, whereas systemically they had lower percentages of regulatory T cells than nonsmoking controls. CONCLUSION Maternal smoke exposure during pregnancy influences local and systemic immune responses in both women and mice. Such changes may be involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes in smoking individuals.
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Newkirk MM, Mitchell S, Procino M, Li Z, Cosio M, Mazur W, Kinnula VL, Hudson M, Baron M, Fritzler MJ, El-Gabalawy HS. Chronic smoke exposure induces rheumatoid factor and anti-heat shock protein 70 autoantibodies in susceptible mice and humans with lung disease. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1051-61. [PMID: 22531929 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cigarette smoke (CS), a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), on sauto-antibody production was studied in humans and mice with and without chronic lung disease (LD). Rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs), and anti-HSP70 autoantibodies were measured in several mouse strains and in cohorts of smokers and nonsmokers with and without autoimmune disease. Chronic smoking-induced RFs in AKR/J mice, which are most susceptible to LD. RFs were identified in human smokers, preferentially in those with LD. Anti-HSP70 auto-antibodies were identified in CS-exposed AKR/J mice but not in ambient air exposed AKR/J controls. Whereas inflammation could induce anti-HSP70 IgM, smoke exposure promoted the switch to anti-HSP70 IgG autoantibodies. Elevated anti-CCP autoantibodies were not detected in CS-exposed mice or smokers. AKR/J splenocytes stimulated in vitro by immune complexes (ICs) of HSP70/anti-HSP70 antibodies produced RFs. The CD91 scavenger pathway was required as anti-CD91 blocked the HSP70-IC-induced RF response. Blocking Toll-like receptors did not influence the HSP70-IC-induced RFs. These studies identify both anti-HSP70 and RFs as serological markers of smoke-related LD in humans and mice. Identification of these autoantibodies could suggest a common environmental insult, namely CS, in a number of different disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna M Newkirk
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Braber S, Thio M, Blokhuis BR, Henricks PAJ, Koelink PJ, Kormelink TG, Bezemer GFG, Kerstjens HAM, Postma DS, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Redegeld FA, Folkerts G. An Association between Neutrophils and Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:817-24. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201104-0761oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Brandsma CA, Timens W, Geerlings M, Jekel H, Postma DS, Hylkema MN, Kerstjens HAM. Induction of autoantibodies against lung matrix proteins and smoke-induced inflammation in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2010; 10:64. [PMID: 21144028 PMCID: PMC3019146 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is the major etiologic factor in COPD, yet the exact underlying pathogenetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. Since a few years, there is mounting evidence that a specific immune response, partly present as an autoimmune response, contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD. Increased levels of anti-Hep-2 epithelial cell and anti-elastin autoantibodies as well as antibodies against airway epithelial and endothelial cells have been observed in COPD patients. Whether the presence of these autoantibodies contributes to the pathogenesis of COPD is unclear. METHODS To test whether induction of autoantibodies against lung matrix proteins can augment the smoke-induced inflammatory response, we immunized mice with a mixture of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins elastin, collagen, and decorin and exposed them to cigarette smoke for 3 or 6 months. To evaluate whether the immunization was successful, the presence of specific antibodies was assessed in serum, and presence of specific antibody producing cells in spleen and lung homogenates. In addition, the presence of inflammatory cells and cytokines was assessed in lung tissue and emphysema development was evaluated by measuring the mean linear intercept. RESULTS We demonstrated that both ECM immunization and smoke exposure induced a humoral immune response against ECM proteins and that ECM immunization itself resulted in increased macrophage numbers in the lung. The specific immune response against ECM proteins did not augment the smoke-induced inflammatory response in our model. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating that smoke exposure itself can result in a specific immune response and that presence of this specific immune response is accompanied by an influx of macrophages, we provide support for the involvement of a specific immune response in the smoke-induced inflammatory response as can be seen in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie Geerlings
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Jekel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huib AM Kerstjens
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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