1
|
Park M, Satta G, Haldar P. Heteroresistance in tuberculosis: are we missing drug-resistant bacteria hiding in plain sight? Thorax 2024; 79:599-600. [PMID: 38604663 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2024-221409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirae Park
- Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Satta
- University College London Centre for Clinical Microbiology, London, UK
| | - Pranabashis Haldar
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, NIHR Respiratory BRC, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Islam MA, Hassan MZ, Aleem MA, Akhtar Z, Chowdhury S, Ahmmed MK, Rahman M, Rahman MZ, Mah-E-Muneer S, Uzzaman MS, Shirin T, Flora MS, Rahman M, Davis WW, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Iuliano AD, Chowdhury F. Post-discharge mortality among patients hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection, Bangladesh, 2012-2019: a prospective observational study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 25:100363. [PMID: 39021479 PMCID: PMC467067 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Enhancing outcomes post-hospitalisation requires an understanding of predictive factors for adverse events. This study aimed to estimate post-discharge mortality rates among patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Bangladesh, identify associated factors, and document reported causes of death. Methods From January 2012 to December 2019, we conducted follow-up calls to patients or their families 30 days after discharge to assess the status of patients with SARI. Proportions of deaths within 30 days of discharge were estimated, and a comparative analysis of demographics, clinical characteristics, and influenza illness between decedents and survivors was performed using multivariable Cox regression models. Findings Among 23,360 patients with SARI (median age: 20 years, IQR: 1.5-48, 65% male), 351 (1.5%) died during hospitalisation. Of 23,009 patients alive at discharge, 20,044 (87%) were followed, with 633 (3.2%) deaths within 30 days of discharge. In children (<18 years), difficulty breathing (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-3.0), longer hospital stay (aHR 1.1; 95% CI 1.1-1.1), and heart diseases (aHR 8.5; 95% CI 3.2-23.1) were associated with higher post-discharge death risk. Among adults (≥18 years), difficulty breathing (aHR 2.3; 95% CI 1.7-3.0), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aHR 1.7; 95% CI 1.4-2.2), and intensive care unit admission (aHR 5.2; 95% CI 1.9-14.0) were linked to elevated post-discharge death risk. Influenza virus was detected in 13% (46/351) of in-hospital SARI deaths and 10% (65/633) of post-discharge SARI deaths. Interpretation Nearly one in twenty patients with SARI died during hospitalisation or within 1 month of discharge, with two-thirds of deaths occurring post-discharge. Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended to mitigate influenza-associated mortality. To enhance post-discharge outcomes, hospitals should consider developing safe-discharge algorithms, reinforcing post-discharge care plans, and establishing outpatient monitoring for recently discharged patients. Funding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA [U01GH002259].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zakiul Hassan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdul Aleem
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zubair Akhtar
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sukanta Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kaousar Ahmmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Mah-E-Muneer
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Salim Uzzaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmina Shirin
- Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Health Development (GHD), The Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - William W. Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - A. Danielle Iuliano
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fahmida Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu W, Pratte KA, Castaldi PJ, Hersh C, Bowler RP, Banaei-Kashani F, Kechris KJ. A Generalized Higher-order Correlation Analysis Framework for Multi-Omics Network Inference. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576667. [PMID: 38328226 PMCID: PMC10849540 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple -omics (genomics, proteomics, etc.) profiles are commonly generated to gain insight into a disease or physiological system. Constructing multi-omics networks with respect to the trait(s) of interest provides an opportunity to understand relationships between molecular features but integration is challenging due to multiple data sets with high dimensionality. One approach is to use canonical correlation to integrate one or two omics types and a single trait of interest. However, these types of methods may be limited due to (1) not accounting for higher-order correlations existing among features, (2) computational inefficiency when extending to more than two omics data when using a penalty term-based sparsity method, and (3) lack of flexibility for focusing on specific correlations (e.g., omics-to-phenotype correlation versus omics-to-omics correlations). In this work, we have developed a novel multi-omics network analysis pipeline called Sparse Generalized Tensor Canonical Correlation Analysis Network Inference (SGTCCA-Net) that can effectively overcome these limitations. We also introduce an implementation to improve the summarization of networks for downstream analyses. Simulation and real-data experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel method for inferring omics networks and features of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Craig Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Russell P. Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Farnoush Banaei-Kashani
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Design and Computing, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katerina J. Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan F, Zhu X, Chan M, Deveshwar N, Willmering MM, Lustig M, Larson PEZ. Pulmonary Ventilation Analysis Using 1H Ultra-Short Echo Time (UTE) Lung MRI: A Reproducibility Study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.22.563196. [PMID: 37961357 PMCID: PMC10634712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.22.563196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate methods for quantification of pulmonary ventilation with ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI. Methods We performed a reproducibility study, acquiring two free-breathing 1H UTE lung MRIs on the same day for six healthy volunteers. The 1) 3D + t cyclic b-spline and 2) symmetric image normalization (SyN) methods for image registration were applied after respiratory phase-resolved image reconstruction. Ventilation maps were calculated using 1) Jacobian determinant of the deformation fields minus one, termed regional ventilation, and 2) intensity percentage difference between the registered and fixed image, termed specific ventilation. We compared the reproducibility of all four method combinations via statistical analysis. Results Split violin plots and Bland-Altman plots are shown for whole lungs and lung sections. The cyclic b-spline registration and Jacobian determinant regional ventilation quantification provide total ventilation volumes that match the segmentation tidal volume, smooth and uniform ventilation maps. The cyclic b-spline registration and specific ventilation combination yields the smallest standard deviation in the Bland-Altman plot. Conclusion Cyclic registration performs better than SyN for respiratory phase-resolved 1H UTE MRI ventilation quantification. Regional ventilation correlates better with segmentation lung volume, while specific ventilation is more reproducible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tan
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Work done at UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, Currently at GE Healthcare, CA
| | - Marilynn Chan
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nikhil Deveshwar
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew M Willmering
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Cincinnati, OH
| | - Michael Lustig
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Manafi Varkiani M, Mirsadraee M, Anhaee Nasseri Z, Khakzad M, Ghaffari S, Rabbani Nia T. Comparison of the effects of itraconazole and prednisolone on fibroblast growth factor-2 gene expression and clinical manifestations in patients with persistent severe asthma. Curr Med Mycol 2023; 9:1-9. [PMID: 38375524 PMCID: PMC10874478 DOI: 10.22034/cmm.2023.345036.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Considering the possible role of fungal sensitization in the treatment of resistant asthma, which may lead to the remodeling of bronchial structure, we theorized that itraconazole could result in better control of asthma. In this regard, this study aimed to compare the effects of itraconazole and prednisolone (routinely prescribed) on clinical, structural, and biomarker findings of the remodeling of asthma. Materials and Methods This double-blind controlled randomized clinical trial was performed on 70 adult patients suffering from severe persistent asthma. The intervention group received 200 mg of itraconazole per day, and the control group received 10 mg of prednisolone per day, for 32 weeks, in addition to the classic treatment of asthma. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, and assigned by sealed envelope. Blinding was performed by repacking the drug in a similar container. Primary outcomes were asthma control test score, fibroblast growth factor 2, and wall area percentage on RB1 bronchus measured by computed tomography. The outcomes were compared in subjects classified as allergic, eosinophilic, T2 low asthma, and four types of inflammatory cell classification in sputum. Results Seventy subjects finished the 32-week trial (35 subjects in each group). Baseline data did not show significant differences between groups. A comparison of asthma variants showed significantly more severe cough and dyspnea in the allergic variant and higher spirometry results in T2-low asthma. Sputum cytology revealed a mixed pattern as the most frequent type (47%). After the trial, two groups improved in many parameters; however, FGF-2 improved more significantly by itraconazole (4.66±16.92 decreased to 1.14±2.98), and FEV1/FVC was significantly higher in the itraconazole group, compared to the control group. These results did not change in terms of asthma variants and sputum classification. Conclusion Itraconazole was superior to prednisolone in the treatment of many clinical and spirometry aspects in severe persistent asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Manafi Varkiani
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mirsadraee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Anhaee Nasseri
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Khakzad
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shadi Ghaffari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Rabbani Nia
- Innovative Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsuda R, Sorobetea D, Zhang J, Peterson ST, Grayczyk JP, Herrmann B, Yost W, O’Neill R, Bohrer AC, Lanza M, Assenmacher CA, Mayer-Barber KD, Shin S, Brodsky IE. A TNF-IL-1 circuit controls Yersinia within intestinal granulomas. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.21.537749. [PMID: 37197029 PMCID: PMC10176537 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.21.537749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that mediates antimicrobial defense and granuloma formation in response to infection by numerous pathogens. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis colonizes the intestinal mucosa and induces recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes into organized immune structures termed pyogranulomas that control the bacterial infection. Inflammatory monocytes are essential for control and clearance of Yersinia within intestinal pyogranulomas, but how monocytes mediate Yersinia restriction is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TNF signaling in monocytes is required for bacterial containment following enteric Yersinia infection. We further show that monocyte-intrinsic TNFR1 signaling drives production of monocyte-derived interleukin-1 (IL-1), which signals through IL-1 receptor on non-hematopoietic cells to enable pyogranuloma-mediated control of Yersinia infection. Altogether, our work reveals a monocyte-intrinsic TNF-IL-1 collaborative circuit as a crucial driver of intestinal granuloma function, and defines the cellular target of TNF signaling that restricts intestinal Yersinia infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Matsuda
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Daniel Sorobetea
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jenna Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Stefan T. Peterson
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - James P. Grayczyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Beatrice Herrmann
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Winslow Yost
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rosemary O’Neill
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Andrea C. Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Igor E. Brodsky
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
da Costa CBP, Carvalho VRD, Ferreira LLC, Mattos JLC, Garcia LDM, Antunes MDS, Martins FJ, Ratcliffe NA, Cisne R, Castro HC. Production of hyperimmune sera: a study of digestion and fractionation methodologies for the purification process of heterologous immunoglobulins. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2022.2124421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Braz Pereira da Costa
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Niterói, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francislene Juliana Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Norman A. Ratcliffe
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Rafael Cisne
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Helena C. Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen K, Yan J, Wu L, Gu X. Relationship Between C-Reactive Protein and Respiratory Diseases in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy. Med Sci Monit 2022; 28:e935807. [PMID: 35578564 PMCID: PMC9123838 DOI: 10.12659/msm.935807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between C-reactive protein (CRP) and respiratory diseases in patients with diabetic retinopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We identified 855 patients with diabetic retinopathy who met the inclusion criteria from the "Diabetes Complications Data Set" in the National Population Health Data Center. We divided patients into 3 groups according to CRP tertiles: Q1 (<0.3 mg/dL), Q2 (0.3-0.35 mg/dL), and Q3 (>0.35 mg/dL). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between CRP and respiratory diseases. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the independent predictive effect of CRP on respiratory diseases. RESULTS Of the 855 patients with diabetic retinopathy, 137 (16%) had respiratory diseases. Prevalence of respiratory diseases gradually increased with an increase in CRP level (P for trend=0.001). With CRP as a continuous variable in the logistic regression model adjusted for confounding factors (model 3), the odds ratio (OR) per 1 standard deviation increment of CRP was 1.25 (95% CI 1.07-1.45, P=0.004). When the lowest CRP tertile group was used as the reference group, the OR of the highest CRP tertile group was 1.99 (95% CI 1.22-1.3.26, P=0.006). Adding CRP to the risk factor model increased the area under the ROC curve (0.68 vs 0.65, P=0.017). Subgroup analysis showed that the relationship between CRP and respiratory diseases had no potential heterogeneity among subgroups. CONCLUSIONS CRP can be used as an effective biomarker in predicting risk of respiratory diseases in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hawthorne G, Richardson M, Greening NJ, Esliger D, Briggs-Price S, Chaplin EJ, Clinch L, Steiner MC, Singh SJ, Orme MW. A proof of concept for continuous, non-invasive, free-living vital signs monitoring to predict readmission following an acute exacerbation of COPD: a prospective cohort study. Respir Res 2022; 23:102. [PMID: 35473718 PMCID: PMC9044843 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of vital signs monitoring in the early recognition of an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) post-hospital discharge is limited. This study investigated whether continuous vital signs monitoring could predict an AECOPD and readmission. Methods 35 people were recruited at discharge following hospitalisation for an AECOPD. Participants were asked to wear an Equivital LifeMonitor during waking hours for 6 weeks and to complete the Exacerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT), a 14-item symptom diary, daily. The Equivital LifeMonitor recorded respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin temperature (ST) and physical activity (PA) every 15-s. An AECOPD was classified as mild (by EXACT score), moderate (prescribed oral steroids/antibiotics) or severe (hospitalisation). Results Over the 6-week period, 31 participants provided vital signs and symptom data and 14 participants experienced an exacerbation, of which, 11 had sufficient data to predict an AECOPD. HR and PA were associated with EXACT score (p < 0.001). Three days prior to an exacerbation, RR increased by mean ± SD 2.0 ± 0.2 breaths/min for seven out of 11 exacerbations and HR increased by 8.1 ± 0.7 bpm for nine of these 11 exacerbations. Conclusions Increased heart rate and reduced physical activity were associated with worsening symptoms. Even with high-resolution data, the variation in vital signs data remains a challenge for predicting AECOPDs. Respiratory rate and heart rate should be further explored as potential predictors of an impending AECOPD. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry; ISRCTN12855961. Registered 07 November 2018—Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN12855961 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02018-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hawthorne
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.
| | - Matthew Richardson
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Samuel Briggs-Price
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Emma J Chaplin
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Lisa Clinch
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Michael C Steiner
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sally J Singh
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mark W Orme
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kianmehr M, Khazdair MR. Possible therapeutic effects of Crocus sativus stigma and its petal flavonoid, kaempferol, on respiratory disorders. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:1140-1149. [PMID: 33295229 PMCID: PMC7746242 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1844762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae), or saffron, has been used as food additives and spices. In the traditional medicine of Iran, C. sativus has been used for the treatment of liver disorders, coughs, and as an anti-inflammatory agent for eyes. OBJECTIVE The current study reviewed the possible therapeutic effects of C. sativus stigma and its petal flavonoid (kaempferol) on respiratory disorders with several mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, and smooth muscle relaxant effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review article searched databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, up to November 2019. The keywords including; 'Crocus sativus', 'saffron', 'kaempferol', 'airway inflammation', and 'smooth muscle relaxant' were searched. RESULTS C. sativus reduced nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels and inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Saffron and kaempferol reduced white blood cells (WBCs) and the percentage of neutrophils and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, saffron reduced tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin on tracheal smooth muscles. In addition, kaempferol reduced the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts similar to the effect of dexamethasone and also showed relaxant effects on smooth muscle. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Crocus sativus and its petal flavonoid, kaempferol, showed relatively potent therapeutic effects on respiratory disorders by relaxation of tracheal smooth muscles via stimulatory or blocking effects on β-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptors, respectively. Saffron and kaempferol also decreased production of NO, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in respiratory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- CONTACT Mohammad Reza Khazdair , Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Physiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Calderón-Zamora L, Canizalez-Román A, León-Sicairos N, Aguilera-Mendez A, Huang F, Hong E, Villafaña S. Changes in expression of orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 during the development and establishment of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 41:558-565. [PMID: 33121311 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1835959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a disease, which in spite of existing treatments continues to have high morbidity and mortality, which suggests that there are other mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this sense, the orphan receptors are G protein-coupled receptor associated with various pathologies such as GPR99 which has been linked to mice develop left ventricular hypertrophy induced by blood pressure overload while GPR107 with patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study if the expression of the orphan receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are modified by arterial hypertension. Male SHR and WKY rats of 6-8 and 10-12 weeks old were used. The weight, systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured, as well as the mRNA of the receptors GPR99 and GPR107 in the aorta, kidney, heart and brain by RT-PCR, also was realized an in silico analysis to predict which G protein could be coupled the orphan receptor GPR107. Our results showed that receptors GPR99 and GPR107 are expressed in the analyzed tissues and their expression profile tends to change at different ages and with the development of hypertension, for the other hand, the bioinformatics analysis for GPR107 showed that is coupled to Gi protein. Therefore, we do not rule out that GPR99 and GPR107 could be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and could be used as targets therapeutic in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Asdrubal Aguilera-Mendez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Morelia, México
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang Y, Ollikainen M, Muniandy M, Zhang T, van Dongen J, Hao G, van der Most PJ, Pan Y, Pervjakova N, Sun YV, Hui Q, Lahti J, Fraszczyk E, Lu X, Sun D, Richard MA, Willemsen G, Heikkila K, Leach IM, Mononen N, Kähönen M, Hurme MA, Raitakari OT, Drake AJ, Perola M, Nuotio ML, Huang Y, Khulan B, Räikkönen K, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Zhernakova A, Fu J, Zhu H, Dong Y, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Franke L, Eriksson JG, Fornage M, Milani L, Lehtimäki T, Vaccarino V, Boomsma DI, van der Harst P, de Geus EJC, Salomaa V, Li S, Chen W, Su S, Wilson J, Snieder H, Kaprio J, Wang X. Identification, Heritability, and Relation With Gene Expression of Novel DNA Methylation Loci for Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2020; 76:195-205. [PMID: 32520614 PMCID: PMC7295009 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis on blood pressure (BP) in 4820 individuals of European and African ancestry aged 14 to 69. Genome-wide DNA methylation data from peripheral leukocytes were obtained using the Infinium Human Methylation 450k BeadChip. The epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis identified 39 BP-related CpG sites with P<1×10-5. In silico replication in the CHARGE consortium of 17 010 individuals validated 16 of these CpG sites. Out of the 16 CpG sites, 13 showed novel association with BP. Conversely, out of the 126 CpG sites identified as being associated (P<1×10-7) with BP in the CHARGE consortium, 21 were replicated in the current study. Methylation levels of all the 34 CpG sites that were cross-validated by the current study and the CHARGE consortium were heritable and 6 showed association with gene expression. Furthermore, 9 CpG sites also showed association with BP with P<0.05 and consistent direction of the effect in the meta-analysis of the Finnish Twin Cohort (199 twin pairs and 4 singletons; 61% monozygous) and the Netherlands Twin Register (266 twin pairs and 62 singletons; 84% monozygous). Bivariate quantitative genetic modeling of the twin data showed that a majority of the phenotypic correlations between methylation levels of these CpG sites and BP could be explained by shared unique environmental rather than genetic factors, with 100% of the correlations of systolic BP with cg19693031 (TXNIP) and cg00716257 (JDP2) determined by environmental effects acting on both systolic BP and methylation levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Huang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maheswary Muniandy
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shandong University School of Public Health, Jinan, China
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guang Hao
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands
| | - Yue Pan
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Natalia Pervjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 23 Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yan V. Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliza Fraszczyk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands
| | - Xueling Lu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa A. Richard
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kauko Heikkila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center – Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere 33521
| | - Mikko A. Hurme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Nuotio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yunfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Batbayar Khulan
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bruce HR Wolffenbuttel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Endocrinology, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, The Netherlands
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Endocrinology, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, Tukholmankatu 8 B, University of Helsinki, Finland and Helsinki University Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Mc Govern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 23 Riia Street, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33014, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Cardiology, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7-9, 1081BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shengxu Li
- Children’s Minnesota Research Institute, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - James Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Harold Snieder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krempaska K, Barnowski S, Gavini J, Hobi N, Ebener S, Simillion C, Stokes A, Schliep R, Knudsen L, Geiser TK, Funke-Chambour M. Azithromycin has enhanced effects on lung fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients compared to controls [corrected]. Respir Res 2020; 21:25. [PMID: 31941499 PMCID: PMC6964061 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fatal lung disease without a cure and new drug strategies are urgently needed. Differences in behavior between diseased and healthy cells are well known and drug response can be different between cells isolated from IPF patients and controls. The macrolide Azithromycin (AZT) has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Recently anti-fibrotic effects have been described. However, the anti-fibrotic effects on primary IPF-fibroblasts (FB) directly compared to control-FB are unknown. We hypothesized that IPF-FB react differently to AZT in terms of anti-fibrotic effects. METHODS Primary normal human lung and IPF-FB were exposed to TGF-β (5 ng/ml), Azithromycin (50 μM) alone or in combination prior to gene expression analysis. Pro-collagen Iα1 secretion was assessed by ELISA and protein expression by western blot (αSMA, Fibronectin, ATP6V1B2, LC3 AB (II/I), p62, Bcl-xL). Microarray analysis was performed to screen involved genes and pathways after Azithromycin treatment in control-FB. Apoptosis and intraluminal lysosomal pH were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS AZT significantly reduced collagen secretion in TGF-β treated IPF-FB compared to TGF-β treatment alone, but not in control-FB. Pro-fibrotic gene expression was similarly reduced after AZT treatment in IPF and control-FB. P62 and LC3II/I western blot revealed impaired autophagic flux after AZT in both control and IPF-FB with significant increase of LC3II/I after AZT in control and IPF-FB, indicating enhanced autophagy inhibition. Early apoptosis was significantly higher in TGF-β treated IPF-FB compared to controls after AZT. Microarray analysis of control-FB treated with AZT revealed impaired lysosomal pathways. The ATPase and lysosomal pH regulator ATP6V0D2 was significantly less increased after additional AZT in IPF-FB compared to controls. Lysosomal function was impaired in both IPF and control FB, but pH was significantly more increased in TGF-β treated IPF-FB. CONCLUSION We report different treatment responses after AZT with enhanced anti-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic effects in IPF compared to control-FB. Possibly impaired lysosomal function contributes towards these effects. In summary, different baseline cell phenotype and behavior of IPF and control cells contribute to enhanced anti-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic effects in IPF-FB after AZT treatment and strengthen its role as a new potential anti-fibrotic compound, that should further be evaluated in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Krempaska
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Barnowski
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Gavini
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Hobi
- AlveoliX AG, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Organs-on-Chip Technologies, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ebener
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cedric Simillion
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Unit and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Stokes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronja Schliep
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas K Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Funke-Chambour
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen T, Zhou Q, Tang H, Bozkanat M, Yuan JXJ, Raj JU, Zhou G. miR-17/20 Controls Prolyl Hydroxylase 2 (PHD2)/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (HIF1) to Regulate Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004510. [PMID: 27919930 PMCID: PMC5210422 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously we found that smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific knockout of miR-17~92 attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. However, the mechanism underlying miR-17~92-mediated pulmonary artery SMC (PASMC) proliferation remains unclear. We sought to investigate whether miR-17~92 regulates hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity and PASMC proliferation via prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). METHODS AND RESULTS We show that hypoxic sm-17~92-/- mice have decreased hematocrit, red blood cell counts, and hemoglobin contents. The sm-17~92-/- mouse lungs express decreased mRNA levels of HIF targets and increased levels of PHD2. miR-17~92 inhibitors suppress hypoxia-induced levels of HIF1α, VEGF, Glut1, HK2, and PDK1 but not HIF2α in vitro in PASMC. Overexpression of miR-17 in PASMC represses PHD2 expression, whereas miR-17/20a inhibitors induce PHD2 expression. The 3'-UTR of PHD2 contains a functional miR-17/20a seed sequence. Silencing of PHD2 induces HIF1α and PCNA protein levels, whereas overexpression of PHD2 decreases HIF1α and cell proliferation. SMC-specific knockout of PHD2 enhances hypoxia-induced vascular remodeling and exacerbates established pulmonary hypertension in mice. PHD2 activator R59949 reverses vessel remodeling in existing hypertensive mice. PHDs are dysregulated in PASMC isolated from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PHD2 is a direct target of miR-17/20a and that miR-17~92 contributes to PASMC proliferation and polycythemia by suppression of PHD2 and induction of HIF1α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Melike Bozkanat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Children's Hospital University of Illinois, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL
| | - Guofei Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guney M, Chapuis RP, Zagury GJ. Lung bioaccessibility of contaminants in particulate matter of geological origin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24422-24434. [PMID: 27080406 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse health effects. While inhalation exposure to airborne PM is a prominent research subject, exposure to PM of geological origin (i.e., generated from soil/soil-like material) has received less attention. This review discusses the contaminants in PM of geological origin and their relevance for human exposure and then evaluates lung bioaccessibility assessment methods and their use. PM of geological origin can contain toxic elements as well as organic contaminants. Observed/predicted PM lung clearance times are long, which may lead to prolonged contact with lung environment. Thus, certain exposure scenarios warrant the use of in vitro bioaccessibility testing to predict lung bioavailability. Limited research is available on lung bioaccessibility test development and test application to PM of geological origin. For in vitro tests, test parameter variation between different studies and concerns about physiological relevance indicate a crucial need for test method standardization and comparison with relevant animal data. Research is recommended on (1) developing robust in vitro lung bioaccessibility methods, (2) assessing bioaccessibility of various contaminants (especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) in PM of diverse origin (surface soils, mine tailings, etc.), and (3) risk characterization to determine relative importance of exposure to PM of geological origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Guney
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Robert P Chapuis
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gerald J Zagury
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gairhe S, Joshi SR, Bastola MM, McLendon JM, Oka M, Fagan KA, McMurtry IF. Sphingosine-1-phosphate is involved in the occlusive arteriopathy of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:369-80. [PMID: 27683614 DOI: 10.1086/687766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in the pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), its pathogenesis is not completely understood. Current therapy improves symptoms but has disappointing effects on survival. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid synthesized by sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and SphK2. Considering the regulatory roles of S1P in several tissues leading to vasoconstriction, inflammation, proliferation, and fibrosis, we investigated whether S1P plays a role in the pathogenesis of PAH. To test this hypothesis, we used plasma samples and lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and the Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia rat model of occlusive PAH. Our study revealed an increase in the plasma concentration of S1P in patients with IPAH and in early and late stages of PAH in rats. We observed increased expression of both SphK1 and SphK2 in the remodeled pulmonary arteries of patients with IPAH and PAH rats. Exogenous S1P stimulated the proliferation of cultured rat pulmonary arterial endothelial and smooth-muscle cells. We also found that 3 weeks of treatment of late-stage PAH rats with an SphK1 inhibitor reduced the increased plasma levels of S1P and the occlusive pulmonary arteriopathy. Although inhibition of SphK1 improved cardiac index and the total pulmonary artery resistance index, it did not reduce right ventricular systolic pressure or right ventricular hypertrophy. Our study supports that S1P is involved in the pathogenesis of occlusive arteriopathy in PAH and provides further evidence that S1P signaling may be a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salina Gairhe
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sachindra R Joshi
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Mrigendra M Bastola
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jared M McLendon
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen A Fagan
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA; Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saffari M, Moghimi HR, Dass CR. Barriers to Liposomal Gene Delivery: from Application Site to the Target. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:3-17. [PMID: 28228799 PMCID: PMC5242347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a therapeutic approach to deliver genetic material into cells to alter their function in entire organism. One promising form of gene delivery system (DDS) is liposomes. The success of liposome-mediated gene delivery is a multifactorial issue and well-designed liposomal systems might lead to optimized gene transfection particularly in vivo. Liposomal gene delivery systems face different barriers from their site of application to their target, which is inside the cells. These barriers include presystemic obstacles (epithelial barriers), systemic barriers in blood circulation and cellular barriers. Epithelial barriers differ depending on the route of administration. Systemic barriers include enzymatic degradation, binding and opsonisation. Both of these barriers can act as limiting hurdles that genetic material and their vector should overcome before reaching the cells. Finally liposomes should overcome cellular barriers that include cell entrance, endosomal escape and nuclear uptake. These barriers and their impact on liposomal gene delivery will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saffari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Current Address: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khan M, Shah AJ, Gilani AH. Insight into the bronchodilator activity of Vitex negundo. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:340-344. [PMID: 25622948 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.919327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) is traditionally used in hyperactive respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVE This study explored the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of Vitex negundo in hyperactive respiratory disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude extract of V. negundo leaves was obtained. For in vivo bronchodilatory activity in anesthetized rats, different doses (1, 3, 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg) of the crude extract of V. negundo (Vn.Cr) were tested. The underlying mechanisms were studied in isolated guinea pig tracheal strips, suspended in organ baths at 37 °C. RESULTS Intravenous doses of the crude extract of Vn.Cr showed dose-dependent bronchodilatory effect (9-50%) against carbachol (CCh; 100 µg/kg)-induced bronchoconstriction, similar to aminophylline. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal strips, Vn.Crrelaxed CCh (1 µM) and high K(+) pre-contractions with respective EC50 values of 0.72 (0.48-1.10; n = 5) and 3.38 mg/mL (1.84-6.21; n = 4), similar to papaverine. Diltiazem also relaxed both contractions with more potency against high K(+) pre-contraction (p < 0.05). Pre-incubation of the tracheal strips with Vn.Cr potentiated the isoprenaline inhibitory concentration response curves (CRCs), similar to papaverine. DISCUSSION The inhibitory effect against CCh and high K(+) suggests involvement of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitory pathway(s), in addition to an inhibitory effect on Ca(++) entry. This finding was further strengthened when pre-treatment of the tracheal strips potentiated the isoprenaline CRCs. CONCLUSION RESULTS suggest Vn.Cr possesses a combination of papaverine-like PDE inhibitor and diltiazem-like Ca(++) entry blocking constituents, which partly explain its bronchodilatory effect, thus validating its medicinal importance in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munasib Khan
- Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College , Karachi , Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hedegaard ER, Nielsen BD, Kun A, Hughes AD, Krøigaard C, Mogensen S, Matchkov VV, Fröbert O, Simonsen U. KV 7 channels are involved in hypoxia-induced vasodilatation of porcine coronary arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:69-82. [PMID: 24111896 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypoxia causes vasodilatation of coronary arteries, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that hypoxia reduces intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) by opening of K channels and release of H₂S. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Porcine coronary arteries without endothelium were mounted for measurement of isometric tension and [Ca(2+)](i), and the expression of voltage-gated K channels K(V)7 channels (encoded by KCNQ genes) and large-conductance calcium-activated K channels (K(Ca)1.1) was examined. Voltage clamp assessed the role of K(V)7 channels in hypoxia. KEY RESULTS Gradual reduction of oxygen concentration from 95 to 1% dilated the precontracted coronary arteries and this was associated with reduced [Ca(2+)](i) in PGF(2α) (10 μM)-contracted arteries whereas no fall in [Ca(2+)](i) was observed in 30 mM K-contracted arteries. Blockers of ATP-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels and K(Ca)1.1 inhibited hypoxia-induced dilatation in PGF2α -contracted arteries; this inhibition was more marked in the presence of the K(v)7 channel blockers, XE991 and linopirdine, while a K(V)7.1 blocker, failed to change hypoxic vasodilatation. XE991 also inhibited H₂S- and adenosine-induced vasodilatation. PCR revealed the expression of K(V)7.1, K(V)7.4, K(V)7.5 and K(Ca)1.1 channels, and K(Ca)1.1, K(V)7.4 and K(V)7.5 were also identified by immunoblotting. Voltage clamp studies showed the XE991-sensitive current was more marked in hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The K(V)7.4 and K(V)7.5 channels, which we identified in the coronary arteries, appear to have a major role in hypoxia-induced vasodilatation. The voltage clamp results further support the involvement of K(V)7 channels in this vasodilatation. Activation of these K(V)7 channels may be induced by H₂S and adenosine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E R Hedegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parameters of lung inflammation in asthmatic as compared to healthy children in a contaminated city. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:111. [PMID: 25000942 PMCID: PMC4107934 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of air pollution on the respiratory system has been estimated on the basis of respiratory symptoms and lung function. However; few studies have compared lung inflammation in healthy and asthmatics children exposed to high levels of air pollution. The aim of the study was to elucidate the modulatory effect of air pollution on Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (Cys-LTs) levels in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) among healthy and asthmatic children. Methods We performed a cross-sectional comparative study. Children between 7–12 years of age, asthmatics and non-asthmatics, residents of a city with high levels of PM10 were included. In all cases, forced spirometry, Cys-LTs levels in EBC, and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire were evaluated. We also obtained average of PM10, CO, SO2 and O3 levels during the period of the study by the State Institute of Ecology. Results We studied 103 children (51 asthmatics and 52 non-asthmatics). Cys-LTs levels were higher in asthmatics than in non-asthmatics (77.3 ± 21.6 versus 60.3 ± 26.8 pg/ml; p = 0.0005). Also, Cys-LTs levels in children with intermittent asthma were lower than in children with persistent asthma (60.4 ± 20.4 versus 84.7 ± 19.2 pg/ml; p = 0.0001). In the multiple regression model, factors associated with levels of Cys-LTs were passive smoking (β = 13.1, p 0.04) and to be asthmatic (β = 11.5, p 0.03). Conclusions Cys-LTs levels are higher in asthmatic children than in healthy children in a contaminated city and its levels are also associated with passive smoking.
Collapse
|
21
|
Devrim B, Bozkır A. Preparation andin vitroevaluation of surface-modified poly (lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as biodegradable drug carriers for pulmonary peptide and protein delivery. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:355-62. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.858791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
22
|
Kaliberov SA, Kaliberova LN, Hong Lu Z, Preuss MA, Barnes JA, Stockard CR, Grizzle WE, Arbeit JM, Curiel DT. Retargeting of gene expression using endothelium specific hexon modified adenoviral vector. Virology 2013; 447:312-25. [PMID: 24210128 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors are well suited for gene therapy. However, tissue-selective transduction by systemically administered Ad5-based vectors is confounded by viral particle sequestration in the liver. Hexon-modified Ad5 expressing reporter gene under transcriptional control by the immediate/early cytomegalovirus (CMV) or the Roundabout 4 receptor (Robo4) enhancer/promoter was characterized by growth in cell culture, stability in vitro, gene transfer in the presence of human coagulation factor X, and biodistribution in mice. The obtained data demonstrate the utility of the Robo4 promoter in an Ad5 vector context. Substitution of the hypervariable region 7 (HVR7) of the Ad5 hexon with HVR7 from Ad serotype 3 resulted in decreased liver tropism and dramatically altered biodistribution of gene expression. The results of these studies suggest that the combination of liver detargeting using a genetic modification of hexon with an endothelium-specific transcriptional control element produces an additive effect in the improvement of Ad5 biodistribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Kaliberov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dwivedi GR, Gupta S, Roy S, Kalani K, Pal A, Thakur JP, Saikia D, Sharma A, Darmwal NS, Darokar MP, Srivastava SK. Tricyclic Sesquiterpenes FromVetiveria zizanoides(L.) Nash as Antimycobacterial Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:587-94. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav R. Dwivedi
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Sudeep Roy
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Jay P. Thakur
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Dharmendra Saikia
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Nandan S. Darmwal
- Department of Microbiology; Dr. RML Awadh University; Faizabad; Uttar Pradesh; India
| | - Mahendra P. Darokar
- Biotechnology Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| | - Santosh K. Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); P.O. CIMAP; Lucknow; Uttar Pradesh; 226 015; India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Patel D, Naik S, Chuttani K, Mathur R, Mishra AK, Misra A. Intranasal delivery of cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride-loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for pain relief. J Drug Target 2013; 21:759-69. [PMID: 23879335 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.818676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of present investigation was to formulate and characterize the cyclobenzaprine HCl (CBZ)-loaded thiolated chitosan nanoparticles and assessment of in-vitro cell viability, trans-mucosal permeability on RPMI2650 cell monolayer, in-vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles on Swiss albino mice after intranasal administration. A significant high permeation of drug was observed from thiolated chitosan nanoparticles with less toxicity on nasal epithelial cells. Brain uptake of the drug after (99m)Tc labeling was significantly enhanced after thiolation of chitosan. CBZ-loaded thiolated chitosan NPs significantly reverse the N-Methyl-.-Aspartate (NMDA)-induced hyperalgesia by intranasal administration than the CBZ solution. The studies of present investigation revealed that thiolation of chitosan significantly reduce trans-mucosal toxicity with enhanced trans-mucosal permeability via paracellular pathway and brain uptake of a hydrophilic drug (normally impermeable across blood brain barrier) and pain alleviation activity via intranasal route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Patel
- Pharmacy Department, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thomas M, Ciuclan L, Hussey MJ, Press NJ. Targeting the serotonin pathway for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:409-17. [PMID: 23416102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As we uncover the complex pathophysiology underlying idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension, multiple disease associated pathways, cell types and processes reveal links to elements of the serotonin system. Beyond the original 'serotonin hypothesis' observed with anorexigens, and the latterly demonstrated association with vascular tone and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, recent studies suggest links to BMPR2, PDGF and RhoK pathways, as well as an impact upon more complex lesion formation and pathologic bone marrow progenitor mobilization. Clinical experience with antagonists targeting the various elements of the serotonin pathway has been unsatisfactory, yet perhaps this is less than surprising given our expanding knowledge around serotonin production and signaling biology, which indicate opportunities for novel therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex, RH12 5AB, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li PC, Tsai WH, Chien CT. Dietary Monascus adlay supplements facilitate suppression of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related PLGF in the rat. Food Chem 2012; 136:765-74. [PMID: 23122125 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure may cause oxidative stress in the lung, leading to cell death and long-term injury. Monascus adlay (MA) with antioxidant components produced by inoculating adlay (Cois lachrymal-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) with Monascus purpureus may protect lung against CS-induced lung injuries in rats. MA and lovastatin had higher antioxidant activities than either M. purpureus or adlay. CS exposure caused significant lung damage, as evidenced by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil infiltration, dityrosine and 4-HNE, as well as lower levels of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase expression. Lung tissues with CS exposure had higher levels of ER stress, apoptosis, autophagy and emphysema-related placenta growth factor (PlGF) expressions. All CS-induced injuries were significantly suppressed by MA supplements. MA would be a beneficial nutritional therapy to ameliorate CS-induced lung injury via preserving antioxidant defense mechanisms, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting ER stress, autophagy, apoptosis and emphysema-related risk factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Budd DC, Holmes AM. Targeting TGFβ superfamily ligand accessory proteins as novel therapeutics for chronic lung disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 135:279-91. [PMID: 22722064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway has been implicated to underlie a number of disease indications including chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial pneumonias, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Consequently, the pharmaceutical industry has devoted significant resources in the pursuit of TGFβ pathway inhibitors that target the cognate type I and II receptors and respective ligands. The progress of these approaches has been painfully slow, due in part to dose-limiting safety issues that result from the antagonism of a pathway that is responsible for regulating many fundamental biological processes including immune surveillance and cardiovascular responses. These disappointments have led many in the field to conclude that modulating the TGFβ pathway for chronic indications with a sufficient safety window using conventional approaches may be extremely difficult to achieve. Here we review the rationale and limitations of the use of TGFβ pathway inhibitors in chronic lung disorders and the possibility of targeting TGFβ superfamily ligand accessory proteins to allow rheostatic regulation of signaling to achieve efficacy while maintaining a sufficient therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Budd
- Respiratory Drug Discovery, Inflammation, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Moosavi M, Moasses Ghafary S, Asvadi-Kermani I, Hamzeiy H, Rahmati M, Ahmadi A, Nikanfar A, Sanaat Z, Asadi-Khiavi M. Carbenoxolone induces apoptosis and inhibits survivin and survivin-ΔEx3 genes expression in human leukemia K562 cells. Daru 2011; 19:455-61. [PMID: 23008692 PMCID: PMC3436083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Leukemia is a malignant disorder of the blood progenitor/stem cells which is characterized by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells. Although anti-cancer drugs induce apoptosis in cancerous cells, drug resistance is the significant problem mainly due to over-expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as survivin. In this content, it has been reported that an anti-inflammatory drug, Carbenoxolone (CBX), could induce apoptosis and growth inhibition in several types of cancerous cells. In the present study, effects of CBX on apoptosis and level of the expression of survivin gene and its ΔEx3 splicing variant have were evaluated in K562 cells. METHODS K562 cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of CBX (50-300 µM) at different time intervals (12-48 hrs). Trypan blue exclusion test was used to evaluate cell viability. Fluorescent microscopy (Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide double staining) and DNA fragmentation assay were used to study apoptosis. The expression level of survivin and its ΔEx3 splice variant were studied by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND MAJOR CONCLUSION It was found that both growth inhibition and apoptosis occurred in K562 cells. In addition, down-regulation of survivin and survin-ΔEx3 were observed, after 2-4 hrs treatment with 150 µM of CBX. However, the expression level of survivin and its ΔEx3 splice variant increased in subsequent time (6-12 hrs) nearly to the level of control cells. From the results of this study, it may be concluded that CBX can be considered as a candidate for further studies in CML treatment, especially in the case of drug-resistant leukemia cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.A Moosavi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz
| | - S. Moasses Ghafary
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz
| | | | - H. Hamzeiy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy
| | - M. Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Z. Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center
| | - M. Asadi-Khiavi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vadapalli S, Katta S, Sastry BKS, Nallari P. MAO-A promoter polymorphism and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Shah AJ, Gilani AH. Bronchodilatory effect of Acorus calamus (Linn.) is mediated through multiple pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:471-477. [PMID: 20643200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This study was undertaken to provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in airways disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated guinea-pig trachea and atria were suspended in organ baths bubbled with carbogen and mechanisms were found using different parameters. RESULTS In isolated guinea-pig tracheal segments, crude extract of Acorus calamus was more effective than carbachol in causing relaxation of high K(+) (80 mM) precontractions, similar to verapamil, suggesting blockade of calcium channels. The n-hexane fraction was equipotent against both precontractions, similar to papaverine, while ethylacetate fraction was more potent against carbachol precontractions but had a negligible dilator effect against K(+), similar to atropine and or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with n-hexane or ethylacetate fractions potentiated isoprenaline-induced inhibitory concentration-response curves, similar to papaverine or rolipram. Pretreatment of tracheal preparations with ethylacetate fraction caused a rightward parallel shift in carbachol response curve at lower concentration (0.003 mg/mL) similar to atropine and a non-parallel shift at higher concentrations (0.01 mg/mL), with reduction of maximum response, similar to rolipram. In isolated guinea-pig atrial preparations, crude extracts, its fractions and papaverine inhibited force and rate of contractions at higher concentrations than the smooth muscle while verapamil was equipotent. CONCLUSION These data indicate the presence of unique combination of airways relaxant constituents in crude extract of Acorus calamus, a papaverine-like dual inhibitor of calcium channels and phosphodiesterase in n-hexane fraction and a novel combination of anticholinergic, rolipram-like phosphodiesterase4 inhibitor in ethylacetate fraction and associated cardiac depressant effect, provide a pharmacological basis for traditional use of Acorus calamus in disorders of airways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao G, Zheng M, Chen J, Wen J, Wu C, Li W, Liu L, Zhang Y. Differentially expressed genes in a flock of Chinese local-breed chickens infected with a subgroup J avian leukosis virus using suppression subtractive hybridization. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:44-50. [PMID: 21637603 PMCID: PMC3036089 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a new type of virus that mainly induces myeloid leukosis (ML) in chickens. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of ALV-J infection and tumor development, expression profiles from the bone marrow tissue of 15 infected and 18 non-infected birds from a local-breed poultry-farm under naturally infected conditions, were analyzed by suppression-subtractive hybridization. The birds were diagnosed as ML+ (or ML-) by specific ALV-J detection methods, involving serological tests for antigens and antibodies, and RT-PCR to detect viral RNA. A total of 59 partial gene sequences were revealed by differential screening of 496 forward and 384 reverse subtracted cDNA clones. Of these, 22 identified genes, including 8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated, were related to immune functions, these genes being, MHC B-G antigen, translationally-controlled tumor protein (TPT1/TPTC), transferrin and ferritin, hemoglobin and Carbonic anhydrase. Four of the down-regulated genes were selected for further analysis, in view of their predicted roles in infection and immunity by real-time qRT-PCR, using RNA collected from the same birds as those used for SSH. The four genes were expressed at significantly lower levels (p < 0.001) in ALV-J infected birds than in non-infected ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Maiqing Zheng
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Jilan Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Jie Wen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Chunmei Wu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Libo Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics Breeding, China Agricultural University, BeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saraogi GK, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Jain NK, Agrawal GP. Gelatin nanocarriers as potential vectors for effective management of tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2009; 385:143-9. [PMID: 19819315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research work was to develop and characterize rifampicin (RIF) loaded gelatin nanoparticulate delivery system for the effective management of tuberculosis. Gelatin nanoparticles (GPs) containing RIF were prepared using two-step desolvation method. Formulations were characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), size and size distribution analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, percent drug entrapment, percent nanoparticulate yield and in vitro drug release. Formulations were further characterized for in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo biodistribution, and antitubercular activity. The nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape. The size of nanoparticles was found to be 264+/-11.2 nm with low PDI suggesting the narrow particle size distribution. The drug release showed the biphasic pattern of release i.e. initial burst followed by a sustained release pattern. The cytotoxicity studies revealed that nanoparticles are safe, non toxic as compared to free drug. In vivo biodistribution study showed higher localization of RIF loaded GPs in various organs, as compared to plain RIF solution in PBS (pH 7.4). In contrast to free drug, the nanoparticles not only sustained the plasma level but also enhanced the AUC and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug, suggesting improved pharmacokinetics of drug. RIF GPs additionally resulted in significant reduction in bacterial counts in the lungs and spleen of TB-infected mice. Hence, GPs hold promising potential for increasing drug targetability vis a vis reducing dosing frequency with the interception of minimal side effects, for efficient management of tuberculosis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetone/chemistry
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/administration & dosage
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacokinetics
- Area Under Curve
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Delayed-Action Preparations
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Carriers
- Gelatin/chemistry
- Gelatin/toxicity
- Injections, Intravenous
- Kinetics
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Nanotechnology
- Particle Size
- Rifampin/administration & dosage
- Rifampin/chemistry
- Rifampin/pharmacokinetics
- Solubility
- Surface Properties
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Tissue Distribution
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kant Saraogi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar, MP 470003, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Emily M, Mailund T, Hein J, Schauser L, Schierup MH. Using biological networks to search for interacting loci in genome-wide association studies. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1231-40. [PMID: 19277065 PMCID: PMC2986645 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that individually predispose to diseases. However, many genetic risk factors remain unaccounted for. Proteins coded by genes interact in the cell, and it is most likely that certain variants mainly affect the phenotype in combination with other variants, termed epistasis. An exhaustive search for epistatic effects is computationally demanding, as several billions of SNP pairs exist for typical genotyping chips. In this study, the experimental knowledge on biological networks is used to narrow the search for two-locus epistasis. We provide evidence that this approach is computationally feasible and statistically powerful. By applying this method to the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium data sets, we report four significant cases of epistasis between unlinked loci, in susceptibility to Crohn's disease, bipolar disorder, hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Emily
- Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Aarhus, C. F. Møllers Alle, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Namikawa H, Sunazuka T, Kitamura Y, Suzuki T, Hamasaki Y, Yamazaki S, Omura S, Hatamochi A. Effect of erythromycin A and its new derivative EM201 on type I collagen production by cultured dermal fibroblasts. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 302:341-8. [PMID: 19578864 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thinning of the dermis is the principal histological change in atrophic skin disorders and aged skin. It is caused due to a decreased amount of collagen in the dermis. Macrolides have been reported to exert various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity, tumor angiogenesis inhibition and growth inhibition of fibroblasts, in addition to antimicrobial activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of erythromycin A (EMA) and its new derivative EM201 on type I collagen production by cultured dermal fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured with 10(-9) M-10(-5) M EMA or EM201, and collagen production was measured by incubation with radioactive proline, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. mRNA levels were measured by Northern blots analysis, and to investigate transcriptional levels luciferase assays were also performed. The results showed that both EMA and EM201 increased collagen production and type I collagen mRNA level (to a maximum of 200% with EMA and 250% with EM201) in a dose-dependent manner in cultured dermal fibroblasts. Transcription of the type I collagen gene was also increased by both macrolides. These results suggest that EMA and EM201 have the potential to improve the thinning of the dermis in atrophic skin disorders and aged skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Namikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Laumanns IP, Fink L, Wilhelm J, Wolff JC, Mitnacht-Kraus R, Graef-Hoechst S, Stein MM, Bohle RM, Klepetko W, Hoda MAR, Schermuly RT, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Voswinckel R. The noncanonical WNT pathway is operative in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:683-91. [PMID: 19029018 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0153oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a fatal disease that comprises sustained vasoconstriction, enhanced proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells, and in situ thrombosis. The discovery of several contributing signaling pathways in recent years has resulted in an expanding array of novel therapies; however, IPAH remains a progressive disease with poor outcome in most instances. To identify new regulatory pathways of vascular remodeling in IPAH, we performed transcriptome-wide expression profiling of laser-microdissected pulmonary arterial resistance vessels derived from explanted IPAH and nontransplanted donor lung tissues. Statistical analysis of the data derived from six individuals in each group showed significant regulation of several mediators of the canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway. As to the noncanonical WNT pathway, the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, the ras homolog gene family member A (RHOA), and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-1 (RAC1) were strongly up-regulated. Real-time PCR of laser-microdissected pulmonary arteries confirmed these array results and showed in addition significant up-regulation of further PCP mediators wingless member 11 (WNT11), disheveled associated activator of morphogenesis-1 (DAAM1), disheveled (DSV), and RHO-kinase (ROCK). Immunohistochemical staining and semiquantitative expression analysis confirmed the markedly enhanced expression of the PCP mediators in the pulmonary resistance vessels, in particular in the endothelial layer in IPAH. Therefore we propose the PCP pathway to be critically involved in the regulation of vascular remodeling in IPAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel P Laumanns
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is now considered to be a proliferative disorder characterised by unexplained proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) and pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PA-ECs). An abnormal phenotype of PA-SMCs and PA-ECs has been described in PAH and some analogies now appear between pulmonary vascular cells from patients with PAH and cancer cells. Such analogies are discussed here with respect to essential hallmarks of cancer cells and with the hope that new treatments targeted at one or more of these cancer cell abnormalities may be appropriate for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Adnot
- INSERM U841 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital H Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lacunza E, Bara J, Segal-Eiras A, Croce MV. Expression of conserved mucin domains by epithelial tissues in various mammalian species. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:68-77. [PMID: 18582913 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mucins are related to infectious and non-infectious diseases in Veterinary and Human Medicine. MUC1 mucin is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of human epithelia while MUC5AC is the predominant secreted mucin expressed in human gastric epithelium and goblet cells of lung and eyes. MUC5AC C-terminus cysteine rich regions and the cytoplasmic tail of MUC1 domains are conserved among several mammalian species. OBJECTIVE to compare the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC mucins in mammalian epithelia. CT33 anti-MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (MUC1CT) polyclonal antibody and 45M1 anti-MUC5AC monoclonal antibody were employed. By immunohistochemistry, MUC1CT was expressed in most tissues while MUC5AC was restricted to gastric surface epithelium and goblet cells from trachea and lung. By western blot, MUC1CT showed a band at approximately 35 kDa in most tissues; MUC5AC revealed bands at >180 kDa in stomach and lung secretions from rat, cat, pig and cow. When rat MUC5AC was immunoprecipitated, a band at about 180 kDa was obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centre of Basic and Applied Immunological Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Noel P, Gan W, Kiley J. Molecular phenotyping for severe asthma. Per Med 2008; 5:301-304. [PMID: 29783494 DOI: 10.2217/17410541.5.3.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Brasier AR, Sundar V, Boetticher G et al.: Molecular phenotyping of severe asthma using pattern recognition of bronchoalveolar lavage-derived cytokines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 121, 30-37 (2008). Asthma is a heterogeneous disorder presenting with many phenotypes. Precise phenotypic definition has eluded the medical research community for years, despite recognition of different disease subtypes. Brasier and colleagues sought to discriminate asthma phenotypes on the basis of cytokine profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 84 patients with mild-moderate and severe asthma. Their results demonstrated that this molecular phenotyping approach could be applied to categorizing asthma into subtypes based on pathobiology. This article will discuss the potential advantages of applying molecular phenotyping approaches to asthma and lung disease in general in the perspective of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Noel
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Weiniu Gan
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - James Kiley
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vicente-Crespo M, Pascual M, Fernandez-Costa JM, Garcia-Lopez A, Monferrer L, Miranda ME, Zhou L, Artero RD. Drosophila muscleblind is involved in troponin T alternative splicing and apoptosis. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1613. [PMID: 18286170 PMCID: PMC2238819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNL) have been involved in a developmental switch in the use of defined cassette exons. Such transition fails in the CTG repeat expansion disease myotonic dystrophy due, in part, to sequestration of MBNL proteins by CUG repeat RNA. Four protein isoforms (MblA-D) are coded by the unique Drosophila muscleblind gene. Methodology/Principal Findings We used evolutionary, genetic and cell culture approaches to study muscleblind (mbl) function in flies. The evolutionary study showed that the MblC protein isoform was readily conserved from nematods to Drosophila, which suggests that it performs the most ancestral muscleblind functions. Overexpression of MblC in the fly eye precursors led to an externally rough eye morphology. This phenotype was used in a genetic screen to identify five dominant suppressors and 13 dominant enhancers including Drosophila CUG-BP1 homolog aret, exon junction complex components tsunagi and Aly, and pro-apoptotic genes Traf1 and reaper. We further investigated Muscleblind implication in apoptosis and splicing regulation. We found missplicing of troponin T in muscleblind mutant pupae and confirmed Muscleblind ability to regulate mouse fast skeletal muscle Troponin T (TnnT3) minigene splicing in human HEK cells. MblC overexpression in the wing imaginal disc activated apoptosis in a spatially restricted manner. Bioinformatics analysis identified a conserved FKRP motif, weakly resembling a sumoylation target site, in the MblC-specific sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the motif revealed no change in activity of mutant MblC on TnnT3 minigene splicing or aberrant binding to CUG repeat RNA, but altered the ability of the protein to form perinuclear aggregates and enhanced cell death-inducing activity of MblC overexpression. Conclusions/Significance Taken together our genetic approach identify cellular processes influenced by Muscleblind function, whereas in vivo and cell culture experiments define Drosophila troponin T as a new Muscleblind target, reveal a potential involvement of MblC in programmed cell death and recognize the FKRP motif as a putative regulator of MblC function and/or subcellular location in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Pascual
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Lidón Monferrer
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Member, University of Florida Shands Cancer Center College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ruben D. Artero
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Meyrick BO, Friedman DB, Billheimer DD, Cogan JD, Prince MA, Phillips JA, Loyd JE. Proteomics of transformed lymphocytes from a family with familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 177:99-107. [PMID: 17932379 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200703-499oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Not all family members with BMPR2 mutations develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), implying that additional modifier genes or proteins are necessary for full expression of the disease. OBJECTIVES To determine whether protein expression is altered in patients with familial PAH (FPAH) compared with obligate carriers and nondiseased control subjects. METHODS Protein extracts from transformed blood lymphocytes from four patients with FPAH, three obligate carriers, and three married-in control subjects from one family with a known BMPR2 mutation (exon 3 T354G) were labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5. Cy3/5 pairs were separated by standard two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis using a Cy2-labeled internal standard of all patient samples. Log volume ratios were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model. Proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem TOF/TOF MS/MS. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hierarchical clustering, heat-map, and principal components analysis revealed marked changes in protein expression in patients with FPAH when compared with obligate carriers. Significant changes were apparent in expression of 16 proteins (P < 0.05) when affected patients were compared with obligates: nine showed a significant increase and seven showed a significant reduction. CONCLUSIONS A series of novel proteins with altered expression were found that could distinguish affected patients from obligate carriers and married-in controls in a single family with a BMPR2 mutation. These differences provide new information highlighting proteins that may be involved in the mechanism(s) that differentiates those individuals with a BMPR2 mutation who develop FPAH from those who do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara O Meyrick
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCN T-1218, Nashville, TN 37232-2650, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|