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Gaynor-Gillett SC, Cheng L, Shi M, Liu J, Wang G, Spector M, Flaherty M, Wall M, Hwang A, Gu M, Chen Z, Chen Y, Consortium P, Moran JR, Zhang J, Lee D, Gerstein M, Geschwind D, White KP. Validation of Enhancer Regions in Primary Human Neural Progenitor Cells using Capture STARR-seq. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.14.585066. [PMID: 38562832 PMCID: PMC10983874 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.14.585066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression analyses implicate noncoding regulatory regions as harboring risk factors for psychiatric disease, but functional characterization of these regions remains limited. We performed capture STARR-sequencing of over 78,000 candidate regions to identify active enhancers in primary human neural progenitor cells (phNPCs). We selected candidate regions by integrating data from NPCs, prefrontal cortex, developmental timepoints, and GWAS. Over 8,000 regions demonstrated enhancer activity in the phNPCs, and we linked these regions to over 2,200 predicted target genes. These genes are involved in neuronal and psychiatric disease-associated pathways, including dopaminergic synapse, axon guidance, and schizophrenia. We functionally validated a subset of these enhancers using mutation STARR-sequencing and CRISPR deletions, demonstrating the effects of genetic variation on enhancer activity and enhancer deletion on gene expression. Overall, we identified thousands of highly active enhancers and functionally validated a subset of these enhancers, improving our understanding of regulatory networks underlying brain function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Gaynor-Gillett
- Tempus Labs, Inc.; Chicago, IL, 60654, USA
- Department of Biology, Cornell College; Mount Vernon, IA, 52314, USA
| | | | - Manman Shi
- Tempus Labs, Inc.; Chicago, IL, 60654, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Gaoyuan Wang
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ahyeon Hwang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine; Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Mengting Gu
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Zhanlin Chen
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | | | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Irvine; Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University; New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kevin P. White
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; Singapore, 117597
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Pastwińska J, Karwaciak I, Karaś K, Bachorz RA, Ratajewski M. RORγT agonists as immune modulators in anticancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189021. [PMID: 37951483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
RORγT is a transcription factor that directs the development of Th17 lymphocytes and other IL-17-expressing cells (e.g., Tc17 and ILC3 cells). These cells are involved in the body's defense against pathogenic bacteria and fungi, but they also participate in maintaining the proinflammatory environment in some autoimmune diseases and play a role in the immune system's response to cancer. Similar to other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, the activity of RORγT is regulated by low-molecular-weight ligands. Therefore, extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying inverse agonists that diminish the activity of this receptor and subsequently inhibit the development of autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, in the pursuit of an ideal inverse agonist, the development of agonists has been overlooked. It is important to remember that these types of compounds, by stimulating lymphocytes expressing RORγT (Th17 and Tc17), can enhance the immune system's response to tumors. In this review, we present recent advancements in the biology of RORγT agonists and their potential application in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pastwińska
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kaja Karaś
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał A Bachorz
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ratajewski
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Murray GC, Bubier JA, Zinder OJ, Harris B, Clark J, Christopher MC, Hanley C, Tjong H, Li M, Ngan CY, Reinholdt L, Burgess RW, Tadenev ALD. An allelic series of spontaneous Rorb mutant mice exhibit a gait phenotype, changes in retina morphology and behavior, and gene expression signatures associated with the unfolded protein response. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad131. [PMID: 37300435 PMCID: PMC10411600 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Retinoid-related orphan receptor beta (RORβ) gene encodes a developmental transcription factor and has 2 predominant isoforms created through alternative first exon usage; one specific to the retina and another present more broadly in the central nervous system, particularly regions involved in sensory processing. RORβ belongs to the nuclear receptor family and plays important roles in cell fate specification in the retina and cortical layer formation. In mice, loss of RORβ causes disorganized retina layers, postnatal degeneration, and production of immature cone photoreceptors. Hyperflexion or "high-stepping" of rear limbs caused by reduced presynaptic inhibition by Rorb-expressing inhibitory interneurons of the spinal cord is evident in RORβ-deficient mice. RORβ variants in patients are associated with susceptibility to various neurodevelopmental conditions, primarily generalized epilepsies, but including intellectual disability, bipolar, and autism spectrum disorders. The mechanisms by which RORβ variants confer susceptibility to these neurodevelopmental disorders are unknown but may involve aberrant neural circuit formation and hyperexcitability during development. Here we report an allelic series in 5 strains of spontaneous Rorb mutant mice with a high-stepping gait phenotype. We show retinal abnormalities in a subset of these mutants and demonstrate significant differences in various behavioral phenotypes related to cognition. Gene expression analyses in all 5 mutants reveal a shared over-representation of the unfolded protein response and pathways related to endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting a possible mechanism of susceptibility relevant to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Murray
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Clark
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Harianto Tjong
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Meihong Li
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Chew Yee Ngan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Bhagar R, Le-Niculescu H, Roseberry K, Kosary K, Daly C, Ballew A, Yard M, Sandusky GE, Niculescu AB. Temporal effects on death by suicide: empirical evidence and possible molecular correlates. DISCOVER MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 3:10. [PMID: 37861857 PMCID: PMC10501025 DOI: 10.1007/s44192-023-00035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Popular culture and medical lore have long postulated a connection between full moon and exacerbations of psychiatric disorders. We wanted to empirically analyze the hypothesis that suicides are increased during the period around full moons. We analyzed pre-COVID suicides from the Marion County Coroner's Office (n = 776), and show that deaths by suicide are significantly increased during the week of the full moon (p = 0.037), with older individuals (age ≥ 55) showing a stronger effect (p = 0.019). We also examined in our dataset which hour of the day (3-4 pm, p = 0.035), and which month of the year (September, p = 0.09) show the most deaths by suicide. We had blood samples on a subset of the subjects (n = 45), which enabled us to look at possible molecular mechanisms. We tested a list of top blood biomarkers for suicidality (n = 154) from previous studies of ours 7, to assess which of them are predictive. The biomarkers for suicidality that are predictive of death by suicide during full moon, peak hour of day, and peak month of year, respectively, compared to outside of those periods, appear to be enriched in circadian clock genes. For full moon it is AHCYL2, ACSM3, AK2, and RBM3. For peak hour it is GSK3B, AK2, and PRKCB. For peak month it is TBL1XR1 and PRKCI. Half of these genes are modulated in expression by lithium and by valproate in opposite direction to suicidality, and all of them are modulated by depression and alcohol in the same direction as suicidality. These data suggest that there are temporal effects on suicidality, possibly mediated by biological clocks, pointing to changes in ambient light (timing and intensity) as a therapeutically addressable target to decrease suicidality, that can be coupled with psychiatric pharmacological and addiction treatment preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bhagar
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - K Roseberry
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - K Kosary
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - C Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - A Ballew
- Marion County Coroner's Office, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M Yard
- INBRAIN, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G E Sandusky
- INBRAIN, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A B Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building 200B, 320 W. 15thStreet, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- INBRAIN, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indianapolis VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, USA.
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[Chronobiological aspects of bipolar disorder]. DER NERVENARZT 2022; 93:873-881. [PMID: 35881187 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous symptoms of bipolar disorder are regulated by the circadian rhythm. Because of this association it is assumed that disruption of the circadian rhythm may be part of the pathomechanism of bipolar disorder. OBJECTIVES A comparison and subsequent critical discussion of the current data situation on chronobiological aspects of bipolar disorder are presented. METHODS A narrative literature search was carried out and the main findings are presented in a summarized form. RESULTS There are a large number of animal and human studies investigating the connection between disorders of the circadian rhythm and bipolar disorder. Especially chronotype, the environmental factor light and sleep disorders seem to be associated with the development of bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS The neurobiology of bipolar disorder shows numerous chronobiological aspects. There is evidence for a direct connection of disruption of the circadian rhythm and development and progression of bipolar disorder; however, at present there is no proof for the specificity of these findings for bipolar disorder. Future studies should consolidate the evidence on the impact of disorders of the circadian rhythm on the pathomechanism of bipolar disorder.
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McCarthy MJ, Gottlieb JF, Gonzalez R, McClung CA, Alloy LB, Cain S, Dulcis D, Etain B, Frey BN, Garbazza C, Ketchesin KD, Landgraf D, Lee H, Marie‐Claire C, Nusslock R, Porcu A, Porter R, Ritter P, Scott J, Smith D, Swartz HA, Murray G. Neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of circadian rhythm disruption in bipolar disorder: A critical multi-disciplinary literature review and agenda for future research from the ISBD task force on chronobiology. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:232-263. [PMID: 34850507 PMCID: PMC9149148 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Symptoms of bipolar disorder (BD) include changes in mood, activity, energy, sleep, and appetite. Since many of these processes are regulated by circadian function, circadian rhythm disturbance has been examined as a biological feature underlying BD. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Chronobiology Task Force (CTF) was commissioned to review evidence for neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms pertinent to BD. METHOD Drawing upon expertise in animal models, biomarkers, physiology, and behavior, CTF analyzed the relevant cross-disciplinary literature to precisely frame the discussion around circadian rhythm disruption in BD, highlight key findings, and for the first time integrate findings across levels of analysis to develop an internally consistent, coherent theoretical framework. RESULTS Evidence from multiple sources implicates the circadian system in mood regulation, with corresponding associations with BD diagnoses and mood-related traits reported across genetic, cellular, physiological, and behavioral domains. However, circadian disruption does not appear to be specific to BD and is present across a variety of high-risk, prodromal, and syndromic psychiatric disorders. Substantial variability and ambiguity among the definitions, concepts and assumptions underlying the research have limited replication and the emergence of consensus findings. CONCLUSIONS Future research in circadian rhythms and its role in BD is warranted. Well-powered studies that carefully define associations between BD-related and chronobiologically-related constructs, and integrate across levels of analysis will be most illuminating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McCarthy
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - John F. Gottlieb
- Department of PsychiatryFeinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral HealthPennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of PsychologyTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sean Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Davide Dulcis
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruno Etain
- Université de ParisINSERM UMR‐S 1144ParisFrance
| | - Benicio N. Frey
- Department Psychiatry and Behavioral NeuroscienceMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for ChronobiologyPsychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive NeurosciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Kyle D. Ketchesin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dominic Landgraf
- Circadian Biology GroupDepartment of Molecular NeurobiologyClinic of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity HospitalLudwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Heon‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Chronobiology InstituteKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Policy ResearchNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Alessandra Porcu
- UC San Diego Department of Psychiatry & Center for Circadian BiologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Philipp Ritter
- Clinic for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCarl Gustav Carus University Hospital and Technical University of DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Jan Scott
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Holly A. Swartz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental HealthSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Zhou Q, Wang K, Qiu J, Zhu D, Tian T, Zhang Y, Qin X. Comparative transcriptome analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing reveal that E4BP4 mediates lithium upregulation of Per2 expression. Open Biol 2021; 11:210140. [PMID: 34905700 PMCID: PMC8670960 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternate episodes of mania and depression. Disruption of normal circadian clock and abnormal sleep cycles are common symptoms of BPD patients. Lithium salt is currently an effective clinical therapeutic drug for BPD. Animal and cellular studies have found that lithium salt can upregulate the expression of the clock gene Per2, but the mechanism is unknown. We aim to understand the mechanism underlying the Per2 upregulation by lithium treatment. By taking approaches of both comparative transcriptome analysis and comparative qPCR analysis between human and murine cells, Lumicycle assay, luciferase assay and RT-qPCR assay showed that lithium could significantly upregulate the expression of Per2 in both mouse and human cells, and significantly inhibit the expression of E4bp4, which encodes a transcriptional inhibitor of Per2. After knocking out the cis-element upstream on the Per2 promoter that responds to E4BP4, the upregulation effect on Per2 by lithium disappeared. When E4bp4 gene was knocked out, the upregulation effect on Per2 by lithium salt disappeared. This study has found that lithium upregulates Per2 expression by reducing the expression of transcription factor E4BP4, but the mechanism of lithium salt downregulation of E4BP4 remains to be further studied. Our study provides a new therapeutic target and approaches for treating BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Kankan Wang
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiameng Qiu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Modern Experiment Technology Center, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Qin
- Department of Health Sciences, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, People's Republic of China
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Nudel R, Appadurai V, Buil A, Nordentoft M, Werge T. Pleiotropy between language impairment and broader behavioral disorders-an investigation of both common and rare genetic variants. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 34773992 PMCID: PMC8590378 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09403-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language plays a major role in human behavior. For this reason, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in which linguistic ability is impaired could have a big impact on the individual's social interaction and general wellbeing. Such disorders tend to have a strong genetic component, but most past studies examined mostly the linguistic overlaps across these disorders; investigations into their genetic overlaps are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the potential genetic overlap between language impairment and broader behavioral disorders employing methods capturing both common and rare genetic variants. METHODS We employ polygenic risk scores (PRS) trained on specific language impairment (SLI) to evaluate genetic overlap across several disorders in a large case-cohort sample comprising ~13,000 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases, including cases of childhood autism and Asperger's syndrome, ~15,000 attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases, ~3000 schizophrenia cases, and ~21,000 population controls. We also examine rare variants in SLI/language-related genes in a subset of the sample that was exome-sequenced using the SKAT-O method. RESULTS We find that there is little evidence for genetic overlap between SLI and ADHD, schizophrenia, and ASD, the latter being in line with results of linguistic analyses in past studies. However, we observe a small, significant genetic overlap between SLI and childhood autism specifically, which we do not observe for SLI and Asperger's syndrome. Moreover, we observe that childhood autism cases have significantly higher SLI-trained PRS compared to Asperger's syndrome cases; these results correspond well to the linguistic profiles of both disorders. Our rare variant analyses provide suggestive evidence of association for specific genes with ASD, childhood autism, and schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides, for the first time, to our knowledge, genetic evidence for ASD subtypes based on risk variants for language impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Nudel
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- CORE - Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Zhou L, Fitzpatrick K, Olker C, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW. Casein kinase 1 epsilon and circadian misalignment impact affective behaviours in mice. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2939-2954. [PMID: 34514665 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Affective behaviours and mental health are profoundly affected by disturbances in circadian rhythms. Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E) is a core component of the circadian clock. Mice with tau or null mutation of this gene have shortened and lengthened circadian period respectively. Here, we examined anxiety-like, fear, and despair behaviours in both male and female mice of these two different mutants. Compared with wild-type mice, we found reductions in fear and anxiety-like behaviours in both mutant lines and in both sexes, with the tau mutants exhibiting the greatest phenotypic changes. However, the behavioural despair had distinct phenotypic patterns, with markedly less behavioural despair in female null mutants, but not in tau mutants of either sex. To determine whether abnormal light entrainment of tau mutants to 24-h light-dark cycles contributes to these phenotypic differences, we also examined these behaviours in tau mutants on a 20-h light-dark cycle close to their endogenous circadian period. The normalized entrainment restored more wild-type-like behaviours for fear and anxiety, but it induced behavioural despair in tau mutant females. These data show that both mutations of Csnk1e broadly affect fear and anxiety-like behaviours, while the effects on behavioural despair vary with genetics, photoperiod, and sex, suggesting that the mechanisms by which Csnk1e affects fear and anxiety-like behaviours may be similar, but distinct from those affecting behavioural despair. Our study also provides experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis of beneficial outcomes from properly entrained circadian rhythms in terms of the anxiety-like and fear behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Karrie Fitzpatrick
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher Olker
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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Yan T, Qiu Y, Yu X, Yang L. Glymphatic Dysfunction: A Bridge Between Sleep Disturbance and Mood Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:658340. [PMID: 34025481 PMCID: PMC8138157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates a close relationship between sleep disturbance and mood disorders, including major depression disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). According to the classical two-process model of sleep regulation, circadian rhythms driven by the light-dark cycle, and sleep homeostasis modulated by the sleep-wake cycle are disrupted in mood disorders. However, the exact mechanism of interaction between sleep and mood disorders remains unclear. Recent discovery of the glymphatic system and its dynamic fluctuation with sleep provide a plausible explanation. The diurnal variation of the glymphatic circulation is dependent on the astrocytic activity and polarization of water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Both animal and human studies have reported suppressed glymphatic transport, abnormal astrocytes, and depolarized AQP4 in mood disorders. In this study, the "glymphatic dysfunction" hypothesis which suggests that the dysfunctional glymphatic pathway serves as a bridge between sleep disturbance and mood disorders is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linglin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Vadnie CA, DePoy LM, McClung CA. Measuring the Effects of Circadian Rhythm-Related Manipulations on Depression-Like Behavior in Rodents: Forced Swim and Tail Suspension Tests. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2130:69-78. [PMID: 33284436 PMCID: PMC10128615 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0381-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The forced swim and tail suspension tests are commonly used to determine the effects of circadian-related pharmacological, genetic, and environmental manipulations on depression-like behavior in rodents. Both tests involve scoring immobility of rodents in an inescapable condition. Here we describe how to set up and carry out these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Vadnie
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren M DePoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Psychiatry and Clinical and Translational Science, Translational Neuroscience Program, Center for Neuroscience University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Vasopressin in circadian function of SCN. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Kirlioglu SS, Balcioglu YH. Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:725-743. [PMID: 32750762 PMCID: PMC7449842 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities. METHODS The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. RESULTS Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including CLOCK, PER, and CRY have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders. CONCLUSION Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Seren Kirlioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Proof-of-concept study of a multi-gene risk score in adolescent bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:211-222. [PMID: 31727397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined multiple genetic variants concurrently for the purpose of classifying bipolar disorder (BD); the literature among youth is particularly sparse. We selected 35 genetic variants, previously implicated in BD or associated characteristics, from which to identify the most robustly predictive group of genes. METHODS 215 Caucasian adolescents (114 BD and 101 healthy controls (HC), ages 13-20 years) were included. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined based on semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva for genotyping. Two models were used to calculate a multi-gene risk score (MGRS). Model 1 used forward and backward regressions, and model 2 used a PLINK generated method. RESULTS In model 1, GPX3 rs3792797 was significant in the forward regression, DRD4 exonIII was significant in the backward regression; IL1β rs16944 and DISC1 rs821577 were significant in both the forward and backward regressions. These variants are involved in dopamine neurotransmission; inflammation and oxidative stress; and neuronal development. Model 1 MGRS did not significantly discriminate between BD and HC. In model 2, ZNF804A rs1344706 was significantly associated with BD; however, this association did not predict diagnosis when entered into the weighted model. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by the number of genetic variants examined and the modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS Whereas regression approaches identified four genetic variants that significantly discriminated between BD and HC, those same variants no longer discriminated between BD and HC when computed as a MGRS. Future larger studies are needed evaluating intermediate phenotypes such as neuroimaging and blood-based biomarkers.
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15
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Park M, Kim SA, Yee J, Shin J, Lee KY, Joo EJ. Significant role of gene-gene interactions of clock genes in mood disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:510-517. [PMID: 31323592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic interactions in the circadian rhythm biological system are promising as a source of pathophysiology in mood disorder. We examined the role of the gene-gene interactions of clock genes in mood disorder. METHODS We included 413 patients with mood disorder and 1294 controls. The clock genes investigated were BHLHB2, CLOCK, CSNK1E, NR1D1, PER2, PER3, and TIMELESS. Allele, genotype, and haplotype associations were tested. Gene--gene interactions were analyzed using the non-parametric model-free multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. RESULTS TIMELESS rs4630333 and CSNK1E rs135745 were significantly associated with both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The CLOCK haplotype was also strongly associated. The genetic roles of these SNPs were consistent from the allele and genotypic associations to the MDR interaction results. In MDR analysis, the combination of TIMELESS rs4630333 and CSNK1E rs135745 exhibited the most significant association with mood disorders in the two-locus model. BHLHB2 rs2137947 for major depressive disorder and CLOCK rs12649507 for bipolar disorder were the most significant third loci in the three-locus combination model. The four-locus SNP combination model showed the best balanced accuracy (BA), but its cross-validation consistency (CVC) was unsatisfactory. LIMITATIONS We included only 17 SNPs for seven circadian genes due to our limited resources; all subjects were ethnically Korean. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest significant single-gene associations and gene-gene interactions of circadian genes with mood disorder. Gene-gene interactions play a crucial role in mood disorder, even when individual clock genes do not have significant roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Yee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Rare Case of a Heterozygous Microdeletion 9q21.11-q21.2: Clinical and Genetic Characteristics. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 21:59-62. [PMID: 30984527 PMCID: PMC6454245 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is affecting 3.0-4.0% of the general population. Copy number variants (CNVs) are a significant cause leading to neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay. The use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) as diagnostic tools has led to the recognition of new microdeletion/microduplication syndromes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. It is also useful for further characterization of marker chromosomes. Here, we report a girl with mild intellectual disability and mild facial dysmorphisms. Cytogenetic analysis showed a marker chromosome in some percent of the cells and was followed by SNP-array karyotyping that detected, in addition, a 9655 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 9q21.1-9q21.2.
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17
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Lee KY, Ahn YM, Kim SH, Kang HG, Joo EJ. Genetic association study of CSNK1E gene in bipolar disorder and circadian characteristics. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:599-604. [PMID: 30445897 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1509125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A circadian rhythm disturbance is one of the essential components of the phenotype of bipolar disorder. It has been reported that casein kinase 1 epsilon (CSNK1E), a member of the clock gene family, is associated with psychiatric phenotypes. OBJECTIVES We performed a genetic association study to determine the genetic role of CSNK1E in bipolar disorder and circadian rhythm disturbances in the Korean population. METHODS The present study included 215 patients with bipolar disorder and 773 controls. Circadian characteristics were measured by the Korean version of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CS). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CSNK1E, rs1534891 and rs2075984, were genotyped. Chi-square analyses were performed to evaluate associations involving alleles and genotypes. Haplotype analysis was also performed, and the permutation p value was calculated. We also tested further associations involving these SNPs and scores on the CS. RESULTS We found a positive association between SNP rs2075984 and bipolar disorder in both the allelic (p = .003) and genotypic (p = .006) distributions. No allelic or genotypic association between SNP rs1534891 and bipolar disorder was observed. A significant association of haplotype with bipolar disorder was found (p = .033). However, no association between the CS and the genotype of either SNP was found in the total sample. CONCLUSION CSNK1E SNP rs2075984 seemed to play a significant role in the development of bipolar disorder in this Korean sample. This association does not seem to relate to the phase preference measured by the CS. Further studies on CSNK1E with larger samples and more SNPs are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Young Lee
- a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Eulji University School of Medicine , Daegeon , Korea.,b Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center , Eulji University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- c Department of Neuropsychiatry , Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.,d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,e Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- f Department of Neuropsychiatry , Dongguk University International Hospital , Gyeonggi , Republic of Korea.,g Institute of Clinical Psychopharmacology , Dongguk University School of Medicine , Gyeonggi , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- h Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Program, Graduate School , Eulji University , Daejeon , Korea.,i Institute for Senior Industry , Eulji University , Seongnam , Korea.,j Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health Science , Eulji University , Seongnam , Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Joo
- a Department of Neuropsychiatry , Eulji University School of Medicine , Daegeon , Korea.,b Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Meical Center , Eulji University , Seoul , Korea
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18
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Calabrò M, Mandelli L, Crisafulli C, Lee SJ, Jun TY, Wang SM, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Benedetti F, Han C, Pae CU, Serretti A. Neuroplasticity, Neurotransmission and Brain-Related Genes in Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder: Focus on Treatment Outcomes in an Asiatic Sample. Adv Ther 2018; 35:1656-1670. [PMID: 30178121 PMCID: PMC6182627 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mood disorders are common and disabling disorders. Despite the availability of over 100 psychotropic compounds, only one-third of patients benefit from first-line treatments. Over the past 20 years, many studies have focused on the biological factors modulating disease risk and response to treatments, but with still inconclusive data. In order to improve our current knowledge, in this study, we investigated the role of a set of genes involved in different pathways (neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, circadian rhythms, transcription factors, signal transduction and cellular metabolism) in the treatment outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) after naturalistic pharmacological treatment. METHODS Totals of 242 MDD, 132 BD patients and 326 healthy controls of Asian ethnicity (Koreans) were genotyped for polymorphisms within 19 genes. Response and remission after 6-8 weeks of treatment with antidepressants and mood stabilizers were evaluated. In secondary analyses, genetic associations with disease risk and some disease-associated features (age of onset, suicide attempt and psychotic BD) were also tested. RESULTS None of the variants within the investigated genes was significantly associated with treatment outcomes. Some marginal association (uncorrected p < 0.01) was observed for HTR2A, BDNF, CHL1, RORA and HOMER1 SNPs. In secondary analyses, HTR2A (rs643627, p = 0.002) and CHL1 (rs4003413, p = 0.002) were found associated with risk for BD, HOMER1 (rs6872497, p = 0.002) with lifetime history of suicide attempt in patients, and RORA with early onset and presence of psychotic features in BD. Marginal results were also observed for ST8SIA2 and COMT. DISCUSSION Despite limitations linked to multiple testing on small samples, methodological shortcomings and small significance of the findings, this study may support the involvement of some candidate genes in the outcomes of treatments for mood disorders, as well as in BD risk and other disease features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Mandelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatric Section, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concetta Crisafulli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Soo-Jung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youn Jun
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng-Min Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwin A Patkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Changsu Han
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Psychiatric Section, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Effects of circadian clock genes and environmental factors on cognitive aging in old adults in a Taiwanese population. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24088-24098. [PMID: 28412756 PMCID: PMC5421829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies have indicated associations between circadian clock genes and cognitive impairment . In this study, we assessed whether 11 circadian clockgenes are associated with cognitive aging independently and/or through complex interactions in an old Taiwanese population. We also analyzed the interactions between environmental factors and these genes in influencing cognitive aging. A total of 634 Taiwanese subjects aged over 60 years from the Taiwan Biobank were analyzed. Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) were administered to all subjects, and MMSE scores were used to evaluate cognitive function. Our data showed associations between cognitive aging and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 key circadian clock genes, CLOCK rs3749473 (p = 0.0017), NPAS2 rs17655330 (p = 0.0013), RORA rs13329238 (p = 0.0009), and RORB rs10781247 (p = 7.9 × 10−5). We also found that interactions between CLOCK rs3749473, NPAS2 rs17655330, RORA rs13329238, and RORB rs10781247 affected cognitive aging (p = 0.007). Finally, we investigated the influence of interactions between CLOCK rs3749473, RORA rs13329238, and RORB rs10781247 with environmental factors such as alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, and social support on cognitive aging (p = 0.002 ∼ 0.01). Our study indicates that circadian clock genes such as the CLOCK, NPAS2, RORA, and RORB genes may contribute to the risk of cognitive aging independently as well as through gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
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20
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Patouret R, Doebelin C, Garcia-Ordonez RD, Chang MR, Ruiz C, Cameron MD, Griffin PR, Kamenecka TM. Identification of an aminothiazole series of RORβ modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1178-1181. [PMID: 29534930 PMCID: PMC5859951 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystallography has identified stearic acid, ALRT 1550 and ATRA as ligands that bind RORβ, however, none of these molecules represent good starting points to develop optimized small molecule modulators. Recently, Compound 1 was identified as a potent dual RORβ and RORγ inverse agonist with no activity towards RORα (Fig. 1). To our knowledge, this is one of only two small molecule RORβ inverse agonists identified in the primary literature from a tractable chemical series and represents an ideal starting point from which to design RORβ-selective modulators. Herein we describe our SAR optimization efforts that led to a series of potent neutral antagonists of RORβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Patouret
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Christelle Doebelin
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ruben D Garcia-Ordonez
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mi Ra Chang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Claudia Ruiz
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michael D Cameron
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Department of Molecular Medicine, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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21
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Garbazza C, Benedetti F. Genetic Factors Affecting Seasonality, Mood, and the Circadian Clock. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:481. [PMID: 30190706 PMCID: PMC6115502 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In healthy humans, seasonality has been documented in psychological variables, chronotype, sleep, feeding, metabolic and autonomic function, thermoregulation, neurotransmission, and hormonal response to stimulation, thus representing a relevant factor to account for, especially when considering the individual susceptibility to disease. Mood is largely recognized as one of the central aspects of human behavior influenced by seasonal variations. This historical notion, already mentioned in ancient medical reports, has been recently confirmed by fMRI findings, which showed that seasonality in human cognitive brain functions may influence affective control with annual variations. Thus, seasonality plays a major role in mood disorders, affecting psychopathology, and representing the behavioral correlate of a heightened sensitivity to factors influencing circannual rhythms in patients. Although the genetic basis of seasonality and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) has not been established so far, there is growing evidence that factors affecting the biological clock, such as gene polymorphisms of the core clock machinery and seasonal changes of the light-dark cycle, exert a marked influence on the behavior of patients affected by mood disorders. Here we review recent findings about the effects of individual gene variants on seasonality, mood, and psychopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for Chronobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Corrado Garbazza
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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22
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Linnstaedt SD, Pan Y, Mauck MC, Sullivan J, Zhou CY, Jung L, Rueckeis CA, Blount JD, Carson MS, Tungate AS, Kurz MC, Hendry PL, Lewandowski C, D'Anza T, Datner E, Bell K, Lechner M, Shupp JW, Cairns BA, McLean SA. Evaluation of the Association Between Genetic Variants in Circadian Rhythm Genes and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Identifies a Potential Functional Allele in the Transcription Factor TEF. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:597. [PMID: 30498461 PMCID: PMC6249322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that genetic variants within genes affecting the circadian rhythm influence the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). In the present study, we used data from three emergency care-based cohorts to search genetic variants in circadian pathway genes previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders for variants that influence PTSS severity. The three cohorts used included a discovery cohort of African American men and women enrolled following motor vehicle collision (n = 907) and two replication cohorts: one of multi-ethnic women enrolled following sexual assault (n = 274) and one of multi-ethnic men and women enrolled following major thermal burn injury (n = 68). DNA and RNA were collected from trauma survivors at the time of initial assessment. Validated questionnaires were used to assess peritraumatic distress severity and to assess PTSS severity 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year following trauma exposure. Thirty-one genetic variants from circadian rhythm genes were selected for analyses, and main effect and potential gene*stress and gene*sex interactions were evaluated. Secondary analyses assessed whether associated genetic variants affected mRNA expression levels. We found that six genetic variants across five circadian rhythm-associated genes predicted PTSS outcomes following motor vehicle collision (p < 0.05), but only two of these variants survived adjustment for multiple comparisons (False Discovery Rate < 5%). The strongest of these associations, an interaction between the PAR-zip transcription factor, thyrotroph embryonic factor (TEF) variant rs5758324 and peritraumatic distress, predicted PTSS development in all three cohorts. Further analysis of genetic variants in the genetic region surrounding TEFrs5758324 (±125,000 nucleotides) indicated that this allele showed the strongest association. Further, TEF RNA expression levels (determined via RNA-seq) were positively associated with PTSS severity in distressed individuals with at least one copy of the TEFrs5758324 minor allele. These results suggest that rs5758324 genetic variant in TEF, a regulator of clock-controlled genes and key mediator of the core circadian rhythm, influence PTSS severity in a stress-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew C Mauck
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jenyth Sullivan
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christine Y Zhou
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lindsey Jung
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cathleen A Rueckeis
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jameson D Blount
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew S Carson
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Andrew S Tungate
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | - Teresa D'Anza
- Albuquerque Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Collaborative, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Elizabeth Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kathy Bell
- Forensic Nursing Program, Tulsa Police Department, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Megan Lechner
- Forensic Nursing Program, Memorial Health System, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Shupp
- Department of Surgery, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bruce A Cairns
- Jaycee Burn Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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23
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Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in Mood Disorders: Insights into the Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:1504507. [PMID: 29230328 PMCID: PMC5694588 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1504507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disturbances are a common symptom among individuals with mood disorders. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in the ventral part of the anterior hypothalamus, orchestrates physiological and behavioral circadian rhythms. The SCN consists of self-sustaining oscillators and receives photic and nonphotic cues, which entrain the SCN to the external environment. In turn, through synaptic and hormonal mechanisms, the SCN can drive and synchronize circadian rhythms in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues. Thus, genetic or environmental perturbations of SCN rhythms could disrupt brain regions more closely related to mood regulation and cause mood disturbances. Here, we review clinical and preclinical studies that provide evidence both for and against a causal role for the SCN in mood disorders.
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Clock Genes and Altered Sleep-Wake Rhythms: Their Role in the Development of Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050938. [PMID: 28468274 PMCID: PMC5454851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the circadian clocks network (central and peripheral oscillators) controls circadian rhythms and orchestrates the expression of a range of downstream genes, allowing the organism to anticipate and adapt to environmental changes. Beyond their role in circadian rhythms, several studies have highlighted that circadian clock genes may have a more widespread physiological effect on cognition, mood, and reward-related behaviors. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphisms in core circadian clock genes have been associated with psychiatric disorders (such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). However, the underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be ascertained and the cause–effect relationships are not clearly established. The objective of this article is to clarify the role of clock genes and altered sleep–wake rhythms in the development of psychiatric disorders (sleep problems are often observed at early onset of psychiatric disorders). First, the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms are described. Then, the relationships between disrupted circadian rhythms, including sleep–wake rhythms, and psychiatric disorders are discussed. Further research may open interesting perspectives with promising avenues for early detection and therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders.
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Liu H, Aramaki M, Fu Y, Forrest D. Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor β and Transcriptional Control of Neuronal Differentiation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 125:227-255. [PMID: 28527573 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate neuronal diversity is central to the function of the nervous system. Here we discuss the key neurodevelopmental roles of retinoid-related orphan receptor β (RORβ) encoded by the Rorb (Nr1f2) gene. Recent studies have reported loss of function of the human RORB gene in cases of familial epilepsy and intellectual disability. Principal sites of expression of the Rorb gene in model species include sensory organs, the spinal cord, and brain regions that process sensory and circadian information. Genetic analyses in mice have indicated functions in circadian behavior, vision, and, at the cellular level, the differentiation of specific neuronal cell types. Studies in the retina and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex suggest that this orphan nuclear receptor acts at decisive steps in transcriptional hierarchies that determine neuronal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michihiko Aramaki
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yulong Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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26
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Nakka P, Raphael BJ, Ramachandran S. Gene and Network Analysis of Common Variants Reveals Novel Associations in Multiple Complex Diseases. Genetics 2016; 204:783-798. [PMID: 27489002 PMCID: PMC5068862 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.188391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies typically lack power to detect genotypes significantly associated with complex diseases, where different causal mutations of small effect may be present across cases. A common, tractable approach for identifying genomic elements associated with complex traits is to evaluate combinations of variants in known pathways or gene sets with shared biological function. Such gene-set analyses require the computation of gene-level P-values or gene scores; these gene scores are also useful when generating hypotheses for experimental validation. However, commonly used methods for generating GWA gene scores are computationally inefficient, biased by gene length, imprecise, or have low true positive rate (TPR) at low false positive rates (FPR), leading to erroneous hypotheses for functional validation. Here we introduce a new method, PEGASUS, for analytically calculating gene scores. PEGASUS produces gene scores with as much as 10 orders of magnitude higher numerical precision than competing methods. In simulation, PEGASUS outperforms existing methods, achieving up to 30% higher TPR when the FPR is fixed at 1%. We use gene scores from PEGASUS as input to HotNet2 to identify networks of interacting genes associated with multiple complex diseases and traits; this is the first application of HotNet2 to common variation. In ulcerative colitis and waist-hip ratio, we discover networks that include genes previously associated with these phenotypes, as well as novel candidate genes. In contrast, existing methods fail to identify these networks. We also identify networks for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, in which GWA studies have yet to identify any significant SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Nakka
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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27
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Geoffroy PA, Etain B, Lajnef M, Zerdazi EH, Brichant-Petitjean C, Heilbronner U, Hou L, Degenhardt F, Rietschel M, McMahon FJ, Schulze TG, Jamain S, Marie-Claire C, Bellivier F. Circadian genes and lithium response in bipolar disorders: associations with PPARGC1A (PGC-1α) and RORA. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 15:660-8. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Geoffroy
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75013 France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, F. Widal; 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
- Fondation FondaMental; Créteil France
| | - B. Etain
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75013 France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, F. Widal; 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
- Fondation FondaMental; Créteil France
| | - M. Lajnef
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle; Créteil France
| | - E-H. Zerdazi
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
- AP-HP, Pôle de Psychiatrie, groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor; Créteil France
| | - C. Brichant-Petitjean
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75013 France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, F. Widal; 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
| | - U. Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - L. Hou
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health & Human Services; Bethesda MD USA
| | - F. Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - M. Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - F. J. McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, NIMH Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, and; Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - T. G. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry; Central Institute of Mental Health; Mannheim Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center; Georg-August-University; Göttingen Germany
| | - S. Jamain
- Fondation FondaMental; Créteil France
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle; Créteil France
- Université Paris Est, Faculté de Médecine; Créteil France
| | - C. Marie-Claire
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
| | - F. Bellivier
- Inserm U1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Descartes; UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75006 France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144; Paris F-75013 France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, F. Widal; 75475 Paris cedex 10 France
- Fondation FondaMental; Créteil France
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28
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Loss of function of the retinoid-related nuclear receptor (RORB) gene and epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1761-1770. [PMID: 27352968 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), formerly known as idiopathic generalized epilepsy, is the most common form of epilepsy and is thought to have predominant genetic etiology. GGE are clinically characterized by absence, myoclonic, or generalized tonic-clonic seizures with electroencephalographic pattern of bilateral, synchronous, and symmetrical spike-and-wave discharges. Despite their strong heritability, the genetic basis of generalized epilepsies remains largely elusive. Nevertheless, recent advances in genetic technology have led to the identification of numerous genes and genomic defects in various types of epilepsies in the past few years. In the present study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in a family with GGE consistent with the diagnosis of eyelid myoclonia with absences. We found a nonsense variant (c.196C>T/p.(Arg66*)) in RORB, which encodes the beta retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor (RORβ), in four affected family members. In addition, two de novo variants (c.218T>C/p.(Leu73Pro); c.1249_1251delACG/p.(Thr417del)) were identified in sporadic patients by trio-based exome sequencing. We also found two de novo deletions in patients with behavioral and cognitive impairment and epilepsy: a 52-kb microdeletion involving exons 5-10 of RORB and a larger 9q21-microdeletion. Furthermore, we identified a patient with intellectual disability and a balanced translocation where one breakpoint truncates RORB and refined the phenotype of a recently reported patient with RORB deletion. Our data support the role of RORB gene variants/CNVs in neurodevelopmental disorders including epilepsy, and especially in generalized epilepsies with predominant absence seizures.
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Cook DN, Kang HS, Jetten AM. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors (RORs): Regulatory Functions in Immunity, Development, Circadian Rhythm, and Metabolism. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015; 2. [PMID: 26878025 PMCID: PMC4750502 DOI: 10.11131/2015/101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this overview, we provide an update on recent progress made in understanding the mechanisms of action, physiological functions, and roles in disease of retinoic acid related orphan receptors (RORs). We are particularly focusing on their roles in the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity, brain function, retinal development, cancer, glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. We also summarize the current status of ROR agonists and inverse agonists, including their regulation of ROR activity and their therapeutic potential for management of various diseases in which RORs have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Mas S, Gassó P, Lafuente A. Applicability of gene expression and systems biology to develop pharmacogenetic predictors; antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms as an example. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1975-88. [PMID: 26556470 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics has been driven by a candidate gene approach. The disadvantage of this approach is that is limited by our current understanding of the mechanisms by which drugs act. Gene expression could help to elucidate the molecular signatures of antipsychotic treatments searching for dysregulated molecular pathways and the relationships between gene products, especially protein-protein interactions. To embrace the complexity of drug response, machine learning methods could help to identify gene-gene interactions and develop pharmacogenetic predictors of drug response. The present review summarizes the applicability of the topics presented here (gene expression, network analysis and gene-gene interactions) in pharmacogenetics. In order to achieve this, we present an example of identifying genetic predictors of extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Mas
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Patricia Gassó
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia Lafuente
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Pharmacology & Microbiology, University of Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
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31
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Gonzalez R, Gonzalez S, Villa E, Ramirez M, Zavala J, Armas R, Contreras J, Dassori A, Leach RJ, Flores D, Jerez A, Raventós H, Ontiveros A, Nicolini H, Escamilla M. Identification of circadian gene variants in bipolar disorder in Latino populations. J Affect Disord 2015; 186:367-75. [PMID: 26283580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in circadian genes can impact biological rhythms. Given the rhythm disturbances that characterize bipolar disorder (BD), genes encoding components of molecular clocks are good candidate genes for the illness. METHODS A family based association analysis of circadian gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BD was conducted in Latino pedigrees. 884 individuals from 207 pedigrees (473BP phenotype and 411 unaffected family members) were genotyped. Family based single marker association testing was performed. Ancestral haplotypes (SNPs found to be in strong LD defined using confidence intervals) were also tested for association with BD. RESULTS Multiple suggestive associations between circadian gene SNPs and BD were noted. These included CSNK1E (rs1534891, p=0.00689), ARNTL (rs3789327, p=0.021172), CSNK1D (rs4510078, p=0.022801), CLOCK (rs17777927, p=0.031664). Individually, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with BD after correction for multiple testing. However, a 4-locus CSNK1E haplotype encompassing the rs1534891 SNP (Z-score=2.685, permuted p=0.0076) and a 3-locus haplotype in ARNTL (Z-score=3.269, permuted p=0.0011) showed a significant association with BD. LIMITATIONS Larger samples are required to confirm these findings and assess the relationship between circadian gene SNPs and BD in Latinos. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ARNTL and CSKN1E variants may be associated with BD. Further studies are warranted to assess the relationships between these genes and BD in Latino populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Suzanne Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Erika Villa
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mercedes Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Juan Zavala
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Regina Armas
- Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Javier Contreras
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular y Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Albana Dassori
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Flores
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Center at Harbor, University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Alvaro Jerez
- Centro Internacional de Trastornos Afectivos y de la Conducta Adictiva, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Henriette Raventós
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular y Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Alfonso Ontiveros
- Instituto de Información e Investigación en Salud Mental AC, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Grupo de Estudios Médicos y Familiares Carracci, S.C., México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Michael Escamilla
- Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence for Neurosciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
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Kennedy KP, Cullen KR, DeYoung CG, Klimes-Dougan B. The genetics of early-onset bipolar disorder: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2015; 184:1-12. [PMID: 26057335 PMCID: PMC5552237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset bipolar disorder has been associated with a significantly worse prognosis than late-onset BD and has been hypothesized to be a genetically homogenous subset of BD. A sizeable number of studies have investigated early-onset BD through linkage-analyses, candidate-gene association studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and analyses of copy number variants (CNVs), but this literature has not yet been reviewed. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database on articles published online before January 15, 2015 and after 1990. Separate searches were made for linkage studies, candidate gene-association studies, GWAS, and studies on CNVs. RESULTS Seventy-three studies were included in our review. There is a lack of robust positive findings on the genetics of early-onset BD in any major molecular genetics method. LIMITATIONS Early-onset populations were quite small in some studies. Variance in study methods hindered efforts to interpret results or conduct meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The field is still at an early phase for research on early-onset BD. The largely null findings mirror the results of most genetics research on BD. Although most studies were underpowered, the null findings could mean that early-onset BD may not be as genetically homogenous as has been hypothesized or even that early-onset BD does not differ genetically from adult-onset BD. Nevertheless, clinically the probabilistic developmental risk trajectories associated with early-onset that may not be primarily genetically determined continued to warrant scrutiny. Future research should dramatically expand sample sizes, use atheoretical research methods like GWAS, and standardize methods.
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34
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Nassan M, Croarkin PE, Luby JL, Veldic M, Joshi PT, McElroy SL, Post RM, Walkup JT, Cercy K, Geske J, Wagner KD, Cuellar-Barboza AB, Casuto L, Lavebratt C, Schalling M, Jensen PS, Biernacka JM, Frye MA. Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism with early-onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:645-52. [PMID: 26528762 PMCID: PMC4672380 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met (rs6265) functional polymorphism has been implicated in early-onset bipolar disorder. However, results of studies are inconsistent. We aimed to further explore this association. METHODS DNA samples from the Treatment of Early Age Mania (TEAM) and Mayo Clinic Bipolar Disorder Biobank were investigated for association of rs6265 with early-onset bipolar disorder. Bipolar cases were classified as early onset if the first manic or depressive episode occurred at age ≤19 years (versus adult-onset cases at age >19 years). After quality control, 69 TEAM early-onset bipolar disorder cases, 725 Mayo Clinic bipolar disorder cases (including 189 early-onset cases), and 764 controls were included in the analysis of association, assessed with logistic regression assuming log-additive allele effects. RESULTS Comparison of TEAM cases with controls suggested association of early-onset bipolar disorder with the rs6265 minor allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.55, p = 0.04]. Although comparison of early-onset adult bipolar disorder cases from the Mayo Clinic versus controls was not statistically significant, the OR estimate indicated the same direction of effect (OR = 1.21, p = 0.19). When the early-onset TEAM and Mayo Clinic early-onset adult groups were combined and compared with the control group, the association of the minor allele rs6265 was statistically significant (OR = 1.30, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary analyses of a relatively small sample with early-onset bipolar disorder are suggestive that functional variation in BDNF is implicated in bipolar disorder risk and may have a more significant role in early-onset expression of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Paramjit T Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - John T Walkup
- Department of Psychiatry, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Kelly Cercy
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karen D Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Schnell A, Sandrelli F, Ranc V, Ripperger JA, Brai E, Alberi L, Rainer G, Albrecht U. Mice lacking circadian clock components display different mood-related behaviors and do not respond uniformly to chronic lithium treatment. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:1075-89. [PMID: 26317159 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1062024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies suggest an association of circadian clock genes with bipolar disorder (BD) and lithium response in humans. Therefore, we tested mice mutant in various clock genes before and after lithium treatment in the forced swim test (FST), a rodent behavioral test used for evaluation of depressive-like states. We find that expression of circadian clock components, including Per2, Cry1 and Rev-erbα, is affected by lithium treatment, and thus, these clock components may contribute to the beneficial effects of lithium therapy. In particular, we observed that Cry1 is important at specific times of the day to transmit lithium-mediated effects. Interestingly, the pathways involving Per2 and Cry1, which regulate the behavior in the FST and the response to lithium, are distinct as evidenced by the phosphorylation of GSK3β after lithium treatment and the modulation of dopamine levels in the striatum. Furthermore, we observed the co-existence of depressive and mania-like symptoms in Cry1 knock-out mice, which resembles the so-called mixed state seen in BD patients. Taken together our results strengthen the concept that a defective circadian timing system may impact directly or indirectly on mood-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schnell
- a Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Federica Sandrelli
- a Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland .,b Department of Biology , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Vaclav Ranc
- c Department of Medicine , Unit of Physiology, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland , and
| | - Jürgen A Ripperger
- a Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Brai
- d Department of Medicine , Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Lavinia Alberi
- d Department of Medicine , Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - Gregor Rainer
- c Department of Medicine , Unit of Physiology, University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland , and
| | - Urs Albrecht
- a Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
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Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that psychopathological symptoms of bipolar disorder arise in part from a malfunction of the circadian system, linking the disease with an abnormal internal timing. Alterations in circadian rhythms and sleep are core elements in the disorders, characterizing both mania and depression and having recently been shown during euthymia. Several human genetic studies have implicated specific genes that make up the genesis of circadian rhythms in the manifestation of mood disorders with polymorphisms in molecular clock genes not only showing an association with the disorder but having also been linked to its phenotypic particularities. Many medications used to treat the disorder, such as antidepressant and mood stabilizers, affect the circadian clock. Finally, circadian rhythms and sleep researches have been the starting point of the developing of chronobiological therapies. These interventions are safe, rapid and effective and they should be considered first-line strategies for bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dallaspezia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,
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Yarosh HL, Meda SA, de Wit H, Hart AB, Pearlson GD. Multivariate analysis of subjective responses to d-amphetamine in healthy volunteers finds novel genetic pathway associations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2781-94. [PMID: 25843748 PMCID: PMC4504822 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Researchers studying behavioral and physiologic effects of d-amphetamine have explored individual response differences to the drug. Concurrently, genome-wide analyses have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with these traits. Univariate methods can identify SNPs associated with behavioral and physiological traits, but multivariate analyses allow identification of clusters of related biologically relevant SNPs and behavioral components. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify clusters of related biologically relevant SNPs and behavioral components in the responses of healthy individuals to d-amphetamine using multivariate analysis. METHODS Individuals (N = 375) without substance abuse histories completed surveys and detailed cardiovascular monitoring during randomized, blinded sessions: d-amphetamine (10 and 20 mg) and placebo. We applied parallel independent component analysis (Para-ICA) to data previously analyzed with univariate approaches, revealing new associations between genes and behavioral responses to d-amphetamine. RESULTS Three significantly associated (p < .001) phenotype-genotype pairs emerged. The first component included physiologic measures of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) along with SNPs in calcium and glutamatergic signaling pathways. The second associated components included the "Anger" items from the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and the marijuana effects from the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Cuyas, Verdejo-Garcia et al.), with enriched genetic pathways involved in cardiomyopathy and MAPK signaling. The final pair included "Anxious," "Fatigue," and "Confusion" items from the POMS questionnaire, plus functional pathways related to cardiac muscle contraction and cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Multifactorial genetic networks related to calcium signaling, glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapse function, and amphetamine addiction appear to mediate common behavioral and cardiovascular responses to d-amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L. Yarosh
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shashwath A. Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy B. Hart
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Kim HI, Lee HJ, Cho CH, Kang SG, Yoon HK, Park YM, Lee SH, Moon JH, Song HM, Lee E, Kim L. Association of CLOCK, ARNTL, and NPAS2 gene polymorphisms and seasonal variations in mood and behavior. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:785-91. [PMID: 26134245 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1049613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a condition of seasonal mood changes characterized by recurrent depression in autumn or winter that spontaneously remits in spring or summer. Evidence has suggested that circadian gene variants contribute to the pathogenesis of SAD. In this study, we investigated polymorphisms in the CLOCK, ARNTL, and NPAS2 genes in relation to seasonal variation in 507 healthy young adults. Seasonal variations were assessed with the Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire. The prevalence of SAD was 12.0% (winter-type 9.3%, summer-type 2.8%). No significant difference was found between the groups in the genotype distribution of ARNTL rs2278749 and NPAS2 rs2305160. The T allele of CLOCK rs1801260 was significantly more frequent in seasonals (SAD + subsyndromal SAD) compared with non-seasonals (p = 0.020, odds ratio = 1.89, 95% confidence interval = 1.09-3.27). Global seasonality score was significantly different among genotypes of CLOCK rs1801260, but not among genotypes of ARNTL rs2278749 and NPAS2 rs2305160. However, statistical difference was observed in the body weight and appetite subscales among genotypes of ARNTL rs2278749 and in the body weight subscale among genotypes of NPAS2 rs2305160. There was synergistic interaction between CLOCK rs1801260 and ARNTL rs2278749 on seasonality. To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal an association between the CLOCK gene and seasonal variations in mood and behavior in the Korean population. Although we cannot confirm previous findings of an association between SAD and the ARNTL and NPAS2 genes, these genes may influence seasonal variations through metabolic factors such as body weight and appetite. The interaction of the CLOCK and ARNTL genes contributes to susceptibility for SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Frye MA, McElroy SL, Fuentes M, Sutor B, Schak KM, Galardy CW, Palmer BA, Prieto ML, Kung S, Sola CL, Ryu E, Veldic M, Geske J, Cuellar-Barboza A, Seymour LR, Mori N, Crowe S, Rummans TA, Biernacka JM. Development of a bipolar disorder biobank: differential phenotyping for subsequent biomarker analyses. Int J Bipolar Disord 2015; 3:30. [PMID: 26105627 PMCID: PMC4478187 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-015-0030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to establish a bipolar disorder biobank to serve as a resource for clinical and biomarker studies of disease risk and treatment response. Here, we describe the aims, design, infrastructure, and research uses of the biobank, along with demographics and clinical features of the first participants enrolled. Methods Patients were recruited for the Mayo Clinic Bipolar Biobank beginning in July 2009. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was used to confirm bipolar diagnosis. The Bipolar Biobank Clinical Questionnaire and Participant Questionnaire were designed to collect detailed demographic and clinical data, including clinical course of illness measures that would delineate differential phenotypes for subsequent analyses. Blood specimens were obtained from participants, and various aliquots were stored for future research. Results As of September 2014, 1363 participants have been enrolled in the bipolar biobank. Among these first participants, 69.0 % had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I. The group was 60.2 % women and predominantly white (90.6 %), with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (14.9) years. Clinical phenotypes of the group included history of psychosis (42.3 %), suicide attempt (32.5 %), addiction to alcohol (39.1 %), addiction to nicotine (39.8 %), obesity (42.9 %), antidepressant-induced mania (31.7 %), tardive dyskinesia (3.2 %), and history of drug-related serious rash (5.7 %). Conclusions Quantifying phenotypic patterns of illness beyond bipolar subtype can provide more detailed clinical disease characteristics for biomarker research, including genomic-risk studies. Future research can harness clinically useful biomarkers using state-of-the-art research technology to help stage disease burden and better individualize treatment selection for patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA,
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Seleem M, Merranko J, Goldstein TR, Goldstein BI, Axelson DA, Brent DA, Nimgaonkar VL, Diler RS, Sakolsky D, Kupfer DJ, Birmaher B. The longitudinal course of sleep timing and circadian preferences in adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:392-402. [PMID: 25524085 PMCID: PMC4458164 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the longitudinal course of sleep timing and circadian preferences in individuals with bipolar disorder (BP) compared to individuals with non-BP psychopathology and healthy controls. METHODS Individuals with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder (n = 257), non-BP psychopathology (n = 105), and healthy controls (n = 55) (mean age 40.2 years, 21.3% male, 85.1% Caucasian) were followed on average every 27 months for a mean of four years. Sleep timing parameters and circadian preference were reported using the Sleep Timing Questionnaire and The Composite Scale for Morningness. Group comparisons were adjusted for multiple comparisons and between-group differences in demographic variables and psychopharmacological treatment. RESULTS Regardless of their current mood state, individuals with BP showed more sleep onset latency (SOL), wakening after sleep onset (WASO), and evening preference in comparison to both individuals with non-BP psychopathology and healthy controls. Individuals with BP also showed less stability of bed and awakening times in comparison to the other two groups, though these results were dependent on mood state. Non-BP individuals only showed more WASO and less stability in bed and awakening times before work/school days than healthy controls. Adjusting for comorbid disorders yielded similar results. Within-group analyses found little to no effect of time and BP subtype on sleep timing and circadian preference. CONCLUSIONS Disturbances of sleep timing are prominent in individuals with BP. These disturbances are worse during mood episodes, but still apparent during euthymic periods. Evening preference was not associated with polarity type, or mood state in BP, suggesting that this characteristic may be a trait marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seleem
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - John Merranko
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tina R Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Axelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rasim S Diler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dara Sakolsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Boris Birmaher
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lal D, Ruppert AK, Trucks H, Schulz H, de Kovel CG, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité D, Sonsma ACM, Koeleman BP, Lindhout D, Weber YG, Lerche H, Kapser C, Schankin CJ, Kunz WS, Surges R, Elger CE, Gaus V, Schmitz B, Helbig I, Muhle H, Stephani U, Klein KM, Rosenow F, Neubauer BA, Reinthaler EM, Zimprich F, Feucht M, Møller RS, Hjalgrim H, De Jonghe P, Suls A, Lieb W, Franke A, Strauch K, Gieger C, Schurmann C, Schminke U, Nürnberg P, Sander T. Burden analysis of rare microdeletions suggests a strong impact of neurodevelopmental genes in genetic generalised epilepsies. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005226. [PMID: 25950944 PMCID: PMC4423931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) is the most common form of genetic epilepsy, accounting for 20% of all epilepsies. Genomic copy number variations (CNVs) constitute important genetic risk factors of common GGE syndromes. In our present genome-wide burden analysis, large (≥ 400 kb) and rare (< 1%) autosomal microdeletions with high calling confidence (≥ 200 markers) were assessed by the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array in European case-control cohorts of 1,366 GGE patients and 5,234 ancestry-matched controls. We aimed to: 1) assess the microdeletion burden in common GGE syndromes, 2) estimate the relative contribution of recurrent microdeletions at genomic rearrangement hotspots and non-recurrent microdeletions, and 3) identify potential candidate genes for GGE. We found a significant excess of microdeletions in 7.3% of GGE patients compared to 4.0% in controls (P = 1.8 x 10-7; OR = 1.9). Recurrent microdeletions at seven known genomic hotspots accounted for 36.9% of all microdeletions identified in the GGE cohort and showed a 7.5-fold increased burden (P = 2.6 x 10-17) relative to controls. Microdeletions affecting either a gene previously implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (P = 8.0 x 10-18, OR = 4.6) or an evolutionarily conserved brain-expressed gene related to autism spectrum disorder (P = 1.3 x 10-12, OR = 4.1) were significantly enriched in the GGE patients. Microdeletions found only in GGE patients harboured a high proportion of genes previously associated with epilepsy and neuropsychiatric disorders (NRXN1, RBFOX1, PCDH7, KCNA2, EPM2A, RORB, PLCB1). Our results demonstrate that the significantly increased burden of large and rare microdeletions in GGE patients is largely confined to recurrent hotspot microdeletions and microdeletions affecting neurodevelopmental genes, suggesting a strong impact of fundamental neurodevelopmental processes in the pathogenesis of common GGE syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lal
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ruppert
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
| | - Holger Trucks
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
| | - Carolien G. de Kovel
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anja C. M. Sonsma
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bobby P. Koeleman
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Lindhout
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- SEIN Epilepsy Institute in the Netherlands, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne G. Weber
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute of Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Kapser
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital—Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph J. Schankin
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital—Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfram S. Kunz
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Epileptology, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Surges
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Epileptology, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian E. Elger
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Epileptology, University Clinics Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Verena Gaus
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmitz
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Vivantes Humboldt-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel Campus), Kiel, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel Campus), Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stephani
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel Campus), Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl M. Klein
- EPICURE Consortium
- Epilepsy-Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- EPICURE Consortium
- Epilepsy-Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhein-Main, Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd A. Neubauer
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Eva M. Reinthaler
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Feucht
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rikke S. Møller
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Hjalgrim
- EPICURE Consortium
- Department of Neurology, Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- EPICURE Consortium
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arvid Suls
- EPICURE Consortium
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, and Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- EPICURE Consortium
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Haerian BS, Sha'ari HM, Tan HJ, Fong CY, Wong SW, Ong LC, Raymond AA, Tan CT, Mohamed Z. RORA gene rs12912233 and rs880626 polymorphisms and their interaction with SCN1A rs3812718 in the risk of epilepsy: A case–control study in Malaysia. Genomics 2015; 105:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lai YC, Kao CF, Lu ML, Chen HC, Chen PY, Chen CH, Shen WW, Wu JY, Lu RB, Kuo PH. Investigation of associations between NR1D1, RORA and RORB genes and bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121245. [PMID: 25789810 PMCID: PMC4366256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes that are involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms are implicated in the susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BD). The current study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic variants in NR1D1 RORA, and RORB genes and BD in the Han Chinese population. We conducted a case-control genetic association study with two samples of BD patients and healthy controls. Sample I consisted of 280 BD patients and 200 controls. Sample II consisted of 448 BD patients and 1770 healthy controls. 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NR1D1, RORA, and RORB genes were genotyped using GoldenGate VeraCode assays in sample I, and 492 markers in the three genes were genotyped using Affymetrix Genome-Wide CHB Array in sample II. Single marker and gene-based association analyses were performed using PLINK. A combined p-value for the joining effects of all markers within a gene was calculated using the rank truncated product method. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method was also applied to test gene-gene interactions in sample I. All markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.001). In sample I, the associations with BD were observed for rs4774388 in RORA (OR = 1.53, empirical p-value, P = 0.024), and rs1327836 in RORB (OR = 1.75, P = 0.003). In Sample II, there were 45 SNPs showed associations with BD, and the most significant marker in RORA was rs11639084 (OR = 0.69, P = 0.002), and in RORB was rs17611535 (OR = 3.15, P = 0.027). A combined p-value of 1.6×10−6, 0.7, and 1.0 was obtained for RORA, RORB and NR1D1, respectively, indicting a strong association for RORA with the risk of developing BD. A four way interaction was found among markers in NR1D1, RORA, and RORB with the testing accuracy 53.25% and a cross-validation consistency of 8 out of 10. In sample II, 45 markers had empirical p-values less than 0.05. The most significant markers in RORA and RORB genes were rs11639084 (OR = 0.69, P = 0.002), and rs17611535 (OR = 3.15, P = 0.027), respectively. Gene-based association was significant for RORA gene (P = 0.0007). Our results support for the involvement of RORs genes in the risk of developing BD. Investigation of the functional properties of genes in the circadian pathway may further enhance our understanding about the pathogenesis of bipolar illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Chieh Lai
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Kao
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- Department of Psychiatry & Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Winston W Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cook DN, Kang HS, Jetten AM. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors (RORs): Regulatory Functions in Immunity, Development, Circadian Rhythm, and Metabolism. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 26878025 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3121.chip-nexus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this overview, we provide an update on recent progress made in understanding the mechanisms of action, physiological functions, and roles in disease of retinoic acid related orphan receptors (RORs). We are particularly focusing on their roles in the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity, brain function, retinal development, cancer, glucose and lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. We also summarize the current status of ROR agonists and inverse agonists, including their regulation of ROR activity and their therapeutic potential for management of various diseases in which RORs have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Banerjee S, Wang Y, Solt LA, Griffett K, Kazantzis M, Amador A, El-Gendy BM, Huitron-Resendiz S, Roberts AJ, Shin Y, Kamenecka TM, Burris TP. Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep architecture and emotional behaviour. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5759. [PMID: 25536025 PMCID: PMC4495958 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and treat diseases associated with clock dysfunction. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ligands targeting a key component of the mammalian clock, the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β, regulate sleep architecture and emotional behaviour in mice. REV-ERB agonists induce wakefulness and reduce REM and slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, REV-ERB agonists also reduce anxiety-like behaviour. These data are consistent with increased anxiety-like behaviour of REV-ERBβ-null mice, in which REV-ERB agonists have no effect. These results indicate that pharmacological targeting of REV-ERB may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to treat sleep disorders and anxiety.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/genetics
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Circadian Clocks/drug effects
- Circadian Clocks/genetics
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Cryptochromes/genetics
- Cryptochromes/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/agonists
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reward
- Signal Transduction
- Sleep, REM/drug effects
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Kristine Griffett
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Ariadna Amador
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Bahaa M. El-Gendy
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Salvador Huitron-Resendiz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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Zienolddiny S, Haugen A, Lie JAS, Kjuus H, Anmarkrud KH, Kjærheim K. Analysis of polymorphisms in the circadian-related genes and breast cancer risk in Norwegian nurses working night shifts. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R53. [PMID: 23822714 PMCID: PMC3978690 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some studies have suggested that night work may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in nurses. We aimed to explore the role of circadian gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to night work-related breast cancer risk. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study of Norwegian nurses comprising 563 breast cancer cases and 619 controls within a cohort of 49,402 Norwegian nurses ages 35 to 74 years. We studied 60 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 17 genes involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm in cases and controls. The data were analyzed in relation to the two exposure variables "maximum number of consecutive night shifts ever worked" and "maximum number of consecutive night shifts worked for at least 5 years." The odds of breast cancer associated with each SNP was calculated in the main effects analysis and in relation to night shift work. The statistically significant odds ratios were tested for noteworthiness using two Bayesian tests: false positive report probability (FPRP) and Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). Results In the main effects analysis, CC carriers of rs4238989 and GG carriers of rs3760138 in the AANAT gene had increased risk of breast cancer, whereas TT carriers of BMAL1 rs2278749 and TT carriers of CLOCK rs3749474 had reduced risk. The associations were found to be noteworthy using both the FPRP and BFDP tests. With regard to the effect of polymorphisms and night work, several significant associations were observed. After applying FPRP and BFDP in women with at least four night shifts, an increased risk of breast cancer was associated with variant alleles of SNPs in the genes AANAT (rs3760138, rs4238989), BMAL1 (rs2290035, rs2278749, rs969485) and ROR-b (rs3750420). In women with three consecutive night shifts, a reduced risk of breast cancer was associated with carriage of variant alleles of SNPs in CLOCK (rs3749474), BMAL1 (rs2278749), BMAL2 (rs2306074), CSNK1E (rs5757037), NPAS2 (rs17024926), ROR-b (rs3903529, rs3750420), MTNR1A (rs131113549) and PER3 (rs1012477). Conclusions Significant and noteworthy associations between several polymorphisms in circadian genes, night work and breast cancer risk were found among nurses who had worked at least three consecutive night shifts.
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Etain B, Jamain S, Milhiet V, Lajnef M, Boudebesse C, Dumaine A, Mathieu F, Gombert A, Ledudal K, Gard S, Kahn JP, Henry C, Boland A, Zelenika D, Lechner D, Lathrop M, Leboyer M, Bellivier F. Association between circadian genes, bipolar disorders and chronotypes. Chronobiol Int 2014; 31:807-14. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.906445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Byrne EM, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Pergadia ML, Hickie IB, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wray NR. Testing the role of circadian genes in conferring risk for psychiatric disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:254-60. [PMID: 24687905 PMCID: PMC4397914 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms are a common feature of psychiatric disorders, and many groups have postulated an association between genetic variants in circadian clock genes and psychiatric disorders. Using summary data from the association analyses of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortia (PGC) for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, we evaluated the evidence that common SNPs in genes encoding components of the molecular clock influence risk to psychiatric disorders. Initially, gene-based and SNP P-values were analyzed for 21 core circadian genes. Subsequently, an expanded list of genes linked to control of circadian rhythms was analyzed. After correcting for multiple comparisons, none of the circadian genes were significantly associated with any of the three disorders. Several genes previously implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders harbored no SNPs significant at the nominal level of P < 0.05, and none of the the variants identified in candidate studies of clock genes that were included in the PGC datasets were significant after correction for multiple testing. There was no evidence of an enrichment of associations in genes linked to control of circadian rhythms in human cells. Our results suggest that genes encoding components of the molecular clock are not good candidates for harboring common variants that increase risk to bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda M Byrne
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia
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Williams AJ, Umemori H. The best-laid plans go oft awry: synaptogenic growth factor signaling in neuropsychiatric disease. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2014; 6:4. [PMID: 24672476 PMCID: PMC3957327 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2014.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors play important roles in synapse formation. Mouse models of neuropsychiatric diseases suggest that defects in synaptogenic growth factors, their receptors, and signaling pathways can lead to disordered neural development and various behavioral phenotypes, including anxiety, memory problems, and social deficits. Genetic association studies in humans have found evidence for similar relationships between growth factor signaling pathways and neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Accumulating data suggest that dysfunction in neuronal circuitry, caused by defects in growth factor-mediated synapse formation, contributes to the susceptibility to multiple neuropsychiatric diseases, including epilepsy, autism, and disorders of thought and mood (e.g., schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively). In this review, we will focus on how specific synaptogenic growth factors and their downstream signaling pathways might be involved in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn J Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hisashi Umemori
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital Boston, MA, USA
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Rybakowski JK, Dmitrzak-Weglar M, Kliwicki S, Hauser J. Polymorphism of circadian clock genes and prophylactic lithium response. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:151-8. [PMID: 24636202 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The therapeutic action of lithium in bipolar mood disorder may be connected with its effect on biological rhythms. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate an association between multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes pertaining to four genes involved in regulation of biological rhythms [circadian locomotor output cycle kaput (CLOCK), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (ARNTL), timeless circadian clock (TIMELESS), period circadian clock 3 (PER 3)], and the efficacy of lithium prophylaxis. METHODS The study was performed on 115 patients with bipolar mood disorder (45 males, 70 females) with a mean age of 52 ± 12 years, with lithium prophylaxis for 22 ± 8 years, recruited from the outpatients in the Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The assessment of the lithium prophylactic response was made retrospectively using the Alda scale. Genotyping was done for nine SNPs of the CLOCK gene, 18 SNPs of the ARNTL gene, six SNPs of the timeless circadian clock (TIM) gene, and nine SNPs of the PER3 gene. RESULTS An association with the degree of lithium prophylaxis was found for six SNPs and three haplotype blocks of the ARNTL gene, and two SNPs and one haplotype block of the TIM gene. No association with SNPs or haplotypes of the CLOCK and PER3 genes was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the ARNTL and TIM genes may be associated with the lithium prophylactic response in bipolar illness. This association may be related to the role of these genes in the predisposition to bipolar mood disorder. Of special interest may be polymorphisms of these genes involved both in the predisposition to bipolar mood disorder and the lithium response.
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