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Puno A, Kim J, Bhatia A, Jeong J, Kim R. Violence Against Children, Self-Harm, and Suicidal Behaviors: A Pooled and Country-Specific Analysis of Eight Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:60-68. [PMID: 38739049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study assessed associations between experiences of physical or sexual violence in childhood and self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among young people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and whether these associations varied by sex and perpetrator identity. METHODS We used nationally representative data from the Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys in eight LMICs (2017-2019). The analytic sample included 33,381 young men and women (ages 13-24 years). Multivariable logistic regressions with country-fixed effects were used to estimate the associations between childhood physical and sexual violence and the three outcomes. Stratified analyses were performed by country, participant's sex, and type of perpetrator (parent/caregiver, other adults, peers, and intimate partner). RESULTS About 40% of the participants reported physical childhood violence, and 10% experienced childhood sexual violence. Childhood violence was associated with increased odds of self-harm (physical violence: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-2.4; sexual violence: aOR: 2.7, 95%, CI: 2.3-3.0), suicidal ideation (physical: aOR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.7-3.3; sexual: aOR: 4.0, 95%, CI: 3.6-4.5), and suicide attempts (physical: aOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 3.2-4.1; sexual: aOR: 4.9, 95%, CI: 4.3-5.7). Consistent findings were observed in country-specific analyses. The odds of all outcomes were highest among those who experienced childhood physical violence by intimate partners and childhood sexual violence by parents or caregivers. Young women who experienced childhood sexual violence had higher odds for all outcomes than young men. DISCUSSION Violence prevention and mental health programs for young people in LMICs should consider the types of violence experienced, the perpetrator, and the sex of the survivor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Puno
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo, Philippines
| | - Jinseo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Jeong
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Tabares ASG, Restrepo JE, Zapata-Lesmes G. The effect of bullying and cyberbullying on predicting suicide risk in adolescent females: The mediating role of depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115968. [PMID: 38820653 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper analyzed the role of depression as a mediator in the association between bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide risk in adolescent females. A total of 751 Colombian adolescent females (M= 13.71, SD=1.897), who were administered the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire and Cyberbullying. Bullying victimization and aggression and cyberbullying victimization were found to contribute statistically significant effects that explaining 22 % of the variance in depression. The variables of victimization in bullying and cyberbullying and depression explained 64 % of the variance in suicidal risk, and depression mediated the association between victim and aggressor roles in bullying and cyberbullying in predicting suicidal risk, whose total direct and indirect effects are statistically significant. The findings support the role of depression as a mediating variable between bullying and cyberbullying and suicidal risk in female adolescents and highlight the importance of focusing prevention and intervention efforts on risk factors for depression and suicidal behavior in cases of bullying and cyberbullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyerson Stiths Gómez Tabares
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health and Welfare. Psychology Program, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Emiro Restrepo
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gastón Zapata-Lesmes
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health and Welfare. Psychology Program, Luis Amigó Catholic University, Manizales, Colombia
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Adoboi F, Mohammed A, Duodu PA, Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Wongnaah FG, Ahinkorah BO. Sex-related inequalities in crude and age-standardized suicide rates: trends in Ghana from 2000 to 2019. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1070. [PMID: 38632578 PMCID: PMC11022425 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide represents a major public health concern, affecting a significant portion of individuals. However, there remains a gap in understanding the age and sex disparities in the occurrence of suicide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-related inequalities in suicide rates in Ghana from 2000 to 2019. METHODS We utilized data from the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) online software. We analysed sex differences in both crude and age-standardized suicide rates in Ghana spanning from 2000 to 2019. Crude and age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) definition and coding of suicide mortality. We measured inequality in terms of sex. Two inequality indicators were used to examine the suicide rates: the difference (D) and the ratio (R). RESULTS Age-standardized and crude suicide rates in Ghana were higher among men from 2000 to 2019. Between 2000 and 2007, the age-standardized suicide rate for women rose steadily and declined slightly between 2008 and 2019. Age-standardized suicide rates for men increased consistently from 2000 to 2010, then declined steadily from 2011 to 2019. The crude suicide rates among men and women followed similar patterns. The widest absolute inequality in crude suicide rates (D) was recorded in 2013 (D=-11.91), while the smallest difference was observed in 2000 (D=-7.16). We also found the greatest disparity in age-standardized rates in 2011 (D=-21.46) and the least in 2000 (D=-14.32). The crude suicide rates increased with age for both men and women aged 15-54 years and 55-85+ years respectively. However, the increased rate was higher in men than in women across all age groups surveyed. A similar pattern was observed for relative inequality in both crude and age-standardized rates of suicide. CONCLUSION The suicide rate in Ghana has declined over time. Suicide is more common among older men. Inequalities in suicide rates, in both absolute and relative terms, are similar. There is a need to monitor suicide trends in Ghana, especially among older men. Moreover, the findings could serve as a basis for future studies on suicide in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustina Adoboi
- Cape Coast Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, P.O. Box 256, Ghana
- REMS Consultancy Services Limited, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services Limited, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mirza S, Wiglesworth A, Fiecas MB, Cullen KR, Klimes-Dougan B. Revisiting Associations Among Parent and Adolescent Religiosity and Early Adolescent Suicide Risk in the United States. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:1017-1037. [PMID: 38190059 PMCID: PMC11001271 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The contributions of religion to reduced suicide risk have been studied in adults and adolescents, though to our knowledge no comprehensive investigation has been conducted in early adolescents, at a time coinciding with emergence of suicide risk trajectories. In this largest study to date on this topic, we aimed to characterise the contributions of various measures of "private" and "public" religiosity to early adolescent suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) histories using information from a large, epidemiologically informed U.S. sample of adolescents (N = 7068; mean age = 12.89 years, 47% female) and their parents. In all youth, parent-reported adolescent religious importance was associated with reduced odds of SA (OR = 0.75, CI = 0.61-0.92, P = .005). Muslim youth were more likely (OR = 1.52, CI = 1.02-2.22, P = .033), and Catholic youth were less likely (OR = 0.80, CI = 0.67-0.95, P = .014), to report SI. A variety of sex differences were noted, with significant protective associations of adolescent self-reported religiosity on SI and SA, religious service attendance on SI, and religious importance on SI, in female-but not male-youth; and significant protective associations of religious importance on SA in male-but not female-youth. Against expectations, there was no evidence that parent religiosity moderated the link between youth religiosity and SI or SA. These results shed light on the roles of cultural and familial context in youth suicide risk, which may ultimately be targeted in screening and interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahudeen Mirza
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Mark B Fiecas
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Olgiati P, Pecorino B, Serretti A. Neurological, Metabolic, and Psychopathological Correlates of Lifetime Suicidal Behaviour in Major Depressive Disorder without Current Suicide Ideation. Neuropsychobiology 2024; 83:89-100. [PMID: 38499003 DOI: 10.1159/000537747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicidal behaviour (SB) has a complex aetiology. Although suicidal ideation (SI) is considered the most important risk factor for future attempts, many people who engage in SB do not report it. METHODS We investigated neurological, metabolic, and psychopathological correlates of lifetime SB in two independent groups of patients with major depression (sample 1: n = 230; age: 18-65 years; sample 2: n = 258; age >60 years) who did not report SI during an index episode. RESULTS Among adults (sample 1), SB was reported by 141 subjects (58.7%) and severe SB by 33 (15%). After controlling for interactions, four risk factors for SB emerged: male gender (OR 2.55; 95% CI: 1.06-6.12), negative self-perception (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08-2.87), subthreshold hypomania (OR 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57-12.85), and sexual abuse (OR 3.09; 95% CI: 1.28-7.48). The presence of at least two of these factors had the best accuracy in predicting SB: sensitivity = 57.6% (39.2-74.5); specificity = 75.1% (68.5-82.0); PPV = 27.9% (20.9-37.2); NPV = 91.4% (87.6-94.1). In older patients (sample 2), 23 subjects (9%) reported previous suicide attempts, which were characterized by earlier onset (25 years: OR 0.95: 0.92-0.98), impaired verbal performance (verbal fluency: OR 0.95: 0.89-0.99), higher HDL cholesterol levels (OR 1.04: 1.00-1.07) and more dyskinesias (OR 2.86: 1.22-6.70). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SB is common in major depressive disorder, even when SI is not reported. In these individuals it is feasible and recommended to investigate both psychiatric and organic risk factors. The predictive power of models excluding SI is comparable to that of models including SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Olgiati
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Mental Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO4, Turin, Italy
| | - Basilio Pecorino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cannizzaro Hospital, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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Papsdorf R, Genuneit J, White LO, Radeloff DM. [Suicides among children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic - An analysis of police data from three German federal states]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2024; 51:79-83. [PMID: 37813365 DOI: 10.1055/a-2171-4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected young people, resulting in increased psychological distress and rising prevalence rates for mental disorders. There is concern that completed suicides have increased in addition to the observed increase in suicide attempts. METHOD The study is based on the police crime statistics (01/2017 to 12/2022) of three federal states in Germany, representing 13% of Germany's overall population. Suicide counts and rates for the child, teenage, adolescent, and young adult age groups were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods using chi-squared tests. RESULTS 860 people under age 30 died from suicide. Suicide rates did not differ between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in any of the age groups studied. CONCLUSION So far, there has been no discernible increase in suicides among young Germans. Ongoing suicide monitoring is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Papsdorf
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität, Leipzig
| | - Jon Genuneit
- Pädiatrische Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig
| | - Lars Otto White
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität, Leipzig
| | - Daniel Matthias Radeloff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität, Leipzig
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Olgiati P, Pecorino B, Serretti A. Suicide ideation and male-female differences in major depressive disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2024; 28:53-62. [PMID: 38587055 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2024.2335950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore male-female differences in suicide ideation (SI) and suicide risk factors in major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We analysed 482 adults (sample 1) and 438 elderly outpatients (sample 2) with MDD. Sample 1 was treated with different antidepressant combinations (escitalopram; bupropion plus escitalopram; venlafaxine plus mirtazapine) and assessed by means of the Concise Health Risk Tracking (SI), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Altman Mania Rating Scale and Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire. Sample 2 was treated with venlafaxine and assessed using the Hamilton scale for depression, Anxiety Sensitivity Index and Penn State Worry Questionnaire for anxiety, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. RESULTS In sample 1, females had greater depression severity (O.R 0.961 99%CI: 0.929 - 0.995), males reported more alcohol abuse (O.R 1.299 99%CI: 1.118 - 1.509) and active SI (O.R 1.109 99%CI: 1.005 - 1.255). In sample 2 men showed more severe SI (O.R 1.067; 99%CI: 1.014 - 1.122) and weight loss (OR = 5.89 99%CI: 1.01 - 34.19), women more gastrointestinal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In these selected samples, although women had more severe depression, men had more suicide risk factors. Such differences might contribute to men's increased suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Olgiati
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Mental Health Department, Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO4, Turin, Italy
| | - Basilio Pecorino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cannizzaro Hospital, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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Heß LK, Weiss M. Originalarbeiten / Original Articles. Die Bedeutung der Freizeitgestaltung für die Suizidalität bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2024; 73:130-147. [PMID: 38569147 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2024.73.2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The Importance of Leisure Activities for Suicidality in Adolescents and Young Adults Leisure time is important for the development of adolescents. It influences adolescents' psychological well-being and psychosocial development. It may also have a protective effect on suicidality. This study investigates how adolescents' leisure time is related to suicidality, distinguishing between general aspects and various specific leisure time activities. Data from adolescents in counseling (n = 25) and the general population (n = 57) were analyzed. Adolescents who spend most of their leisure time alone are more suicidal than adolescents who spend their leisure time with others. General aspects of leisure activities were related to suicidality; among specific activities, only sports activities were found to be significant.The strongest association with suicidality was shared activities with others. Based on these results, it can be shown that leisure time activities could be effective as a preventive measure. In particular, social activities in leisure time should be encouraged.
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Rodriguez-Jimenez R, García-Fernández L, Baón-Pérez B, Ansede-Cascudo JC, Arroba CMA, Sendra-Gutierrez JM, Romero-Ferreiro V, Sánchez-Cabezudo Á, Alvarez-Mon MA, Navío-Acosta M. Hospital admissions due to suicide attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic, a 3-year longitudinal study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115346. [PMID: 37523887 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of the SARS CoV-2 virus and the associated COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with the onset of mental disorders in healthy people and the worsening in those with pre-existing mental conditions. One of the areas that has raised the greatest concern is that of suicidality. Most of the published studies have been carried out cross-sectional or with small samples, without stratifying by age and gender. Thus, the aim of this longitudinal research is to study, in a large population sample of around 6,700,000 inhabitants belonging to the entire region of Madrid (Spain), the admissions in psychiatric hospitalization units due to suicidal attempts along 2019, 2020 and 2021. No clear increase in the number of admissions due to suicidality in the total population have been found. In addition, a higher prevalence in admissions among women is verified. Moreover, stratifying by age and gender, a striking and significant increase in hospital admissions due to suicidality has been observed in the group up to 17 years old, from September 2020 until the end of the study. These results highlight the special vulnerability of children and adolescents, specifically girls, and the need for preventive measures in the face of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain
| | - Lorena García-Fernández
- CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Alicante, Spain; Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, San Juan, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Baón-Pérez
- Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ansede-Cascudo
- Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Romero-Ferreiro
- Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Departmento de Psicología, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Cabezudo
- Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez-Mon
- Departmento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de INvestigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain; Departmento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Navío-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM-ISCIII (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Spain; Oficina Regional de Coordinación de Salud Mental y Adicciones, Servicio Madrileño de Salud, Madrid, Spain
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Kinciniene O, Sambaras R, Lesinskaite A, Zilinskaite V, Lesinskiene S. Psychosocial Aspects of Deliberate Physical Suicide Attempts by Children and Adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:885-893. [PMID: 36717972 PMCID: PMC10411028 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221145106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second most common cause of death among young people in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate circumstance, and conditions possibly related to suicide attempt in adolescents. Study was performed at the tertiary Children's Hospital. Medical documentation of the suicide attempts from January 2011 to April 2018 was analyzed. There were 102 cases included in the study: 83.8% female and 16.2% male patients (average age of 15.02 ± 1.9); 40.6% of patients lived in divorced families, 17.7% in orphanages, 4.2% in foster care; 36.4% suffered from parental alcoholism, and 17.2% experienced suicide in close surroundings; 54.1% experienced bullying or violence (26.0%), and 85.4% showed signs of other types of self-harm, girls more often (P < .001). In 52.8% of cases, the attempt was spontaneous, and 34% relapsed. In summary female gender, living in orphanages, and signs of other self-harm were significantly related to suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odeta Kinciniene
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Sambaras
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Virginija Zilinskaite
- Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Bockhoff K, Ellermeier W, Bruder S. Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Program Encompassing Both Student and Teacher Training Components. CRISIS 2023; 44:276-284. [PMID: 35548882 PMCID: PMC10448894 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although suicide prevention programs have been shown to change suicide-related knowledge and attitudes, relatively little is known about their effects on actual behavior. Aims: Therefore, the focus of the present study was on improving participating school staff's practical and communication skills. Method: Suicide prevention workshops for students in grades 8-10 (N = 200) and a gatekeeper training program for school staff (N = 150) were conducted in 12 secondary schools in Germany. Schools were alternately assigned to one of three interventions (staff, students, or both trained) or to a waitlist control group. Results: School staff undergoing the training showed increased action-related knowledge, greater self-efficacy when counseling students in need and augmented counseling skills, and also had more conversations with students in need. Although students participating in the workshops did not seek help more frequently, they provided help to their peers more often in the conditions in which both students and school staff or only the latter had been trained. Limitations: The generalizability of the results is constrained by high dropout rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the relatively small sample size. Conclusion: A combination of suicide prevention programs for school staff and students appears to be most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bockhoff
- Institute of Psychology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
- Darmstadt Children’s Hospital Princess Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Simone Bruder
- Darmstadt Children’s Hospital Princess Margaret, Darmstadt, Germany
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Association between the number of hours of sleep during weekdays and suicidality among Korean adolescents: Mediating role of depressive and anxiety symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:74-80. [PMID: 36155234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent suicide is a serious concern worldwide. Sleep problems are a risk factor for suicide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate associations between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/suicide attempts and determine the extent to which depressive and anxiety symptoms mediate these associations. METHODS Data from 54,948 middle and high school students in South Korea were collected by the stratified cluster method through the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. RESULTS The weighted prevalences of short and long sleep durations were 19.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] = 18.9-20.2) and 4.6 % (95 % CI = 4.3-4.8), respectively. Short sleep duration (<5 h/day) increased the odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts by 1.43 (95 % CI = 1.29-1.58) and 1.78 (95 % CI = 1.41-2.25), respectively. Long sleep duration (>9 h/day) increased the odds of suicide attempts by 1.5 (95 % CI = 1.02-2.21). Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between sleep duration and suicidal intensity with a satisfactory goodness of fit. LIMITATIONS Causal relationships could not be examined due to the cross-sectional study design. Information on other psychopathologies, besides depression and anxiety, was unavailable. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration was associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Korean adolescents. Long sleep duration was associated with suicide attempts only. Both depressive and anxiety symptoms mediated the association between sleep duration and suicidal intensity; therefore, both sleep hour restoration and treatment of depressive/anxiety symptoms should be the goals of suicide prevention strategies.
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Özlü-Erkilic Z, Diehm R, Wenzel T, Bingöl Ҫağlayan RH, Güneş H, Üneri ÖŞ, Winter S, Akkaya-Kalayci T. Transcultural differences in suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background, a multicentre study: in Vienna, Berlin, Istanbul. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1671-1683. [PMID: 34050830 PMCID: PMC9666344 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
While suicide can occur throughout the lifespan, worldwide suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years. The aim of this multicentre study, conducted in Austria, Germany and Turkey, is to investigate the transcultural differences of suicide attempts among children and adolescents with and without migration background. The present study is a retrospective analyses of the records of 247 young people, who were admitted after a suicide attempt to Emergency Outpatient Clinics of Departments of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the collaborating Universities including Medical University of Vienna, Charité University Medicine Berlin and Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine and Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health in Istanbul over a 3-year period. The results of the present study show significant transcultural differences between minors with and without migration background in regard to triggering reasons, method of suicide attempts and psychiatric diagnosis. The trigger event "intra-familial conflicts" and the use of "low-risk methods" for their suicide attempt were more frequent among patients with migration background. Moreover among native parents living in Vienna and Berlin divorce of parents were more frequent compared to parents living in Istanbul and migrants in Vienna. These results can be partly explained by cultural differences between migrants and host society. Also disadvantages in socio-economic situations of migrants and their poorer access to the healthcare system can mostly lead to acute and delayed treatments. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to understand better the impact of migration on the suicidal behaviour of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Diehm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Hülya Bingöl Ҫağlayan
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Kocamustafapasa Cd. No: 53, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Güneş
- Department of Psychology, İstanbul Gelisim University, Cihangir Mahallesi Şehit Jandarma Komando Er Hakan Oner Sk. No:1, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders, Zuhuratbaba Mah. Dr Tevfik Sağlam Cad. No:25/2, Bakirköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özden Şükran Üneri
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, AYBÜ Ankara Şehir Hastanesi Çocuk Hastanesi 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibylle Winter
- Departement of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychsomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow, Augustenbruger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Outpatient Clinic of Transcultural Psychiatry and Migration Induced Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Postgraduate University Program Transcultural Medicine and Diversity Care, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Valenciano-Mendoza E, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Vintró-Alcaraz C, Mora-Maltas B, Valero-Solís S, Sánchez I, Toro JJD, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Jiménez-Murcia S. Common and differential risk factors behind suicidal behavior in patients with impulsivity-related disorders: The case of bulimic spectrum eating disorders and gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:963-978. [PMID: 36287739 PMCID: PMC9881661 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mental disorders with high levels of impulsivity such as bulimic spectrum eating disorders (BSED) and gambling disorder (GD) are associated with high risk of suicidal behavior. The aim of the present study was to identify the common and differential vulnerability factors behind suicide attempts in a sample of patients with BSED compared to patients with GD. METHODS A total of 6,077 adults who sought treatment and met criteria either for BSED (n = 2,391) or GD (n = 3,686) were assessed at a specialized hospital unit. Personality traits, psychopathological symptomatology, lifetime history of suicide attempts and socio-demographic variables were evaluated. RESULTS The prevalence of suicide attempts was higher for BSED patients (26.2%) compared to GD patients (7.1%) being anorexia nervosa (Binge/Purge type) and bulimia nervosa the most affected subtypes. In the predictive model, the transdiagnostic vulnerability factors with the highest contribution to the risk of suicidal behavior both in BSED and GD were unemployment, early age of onset of the disorder, worse psychopathological state, and self-transcendence personality trait. However, specific risk factors for suicidal acts were identified in each disorder: longer duration of the disorder, lower education levels and reward dependence were exclusively associated with BSED while female gender, older age, and higher harm avoidance were associated with GD. DISCUSSION Patients with GD and BSED share certain vulnerability factors although certain factors are exclusive to each disorder. CONCLUSIONS Interventions need to pay special attention to both common and specific vulnerability factors to mitigate the risk of suicidal acts in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Valero-Solís
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Jimenez-de Toro
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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15
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Psychosocial and Psychiatric Factors Associated with Expected Fatality during Suicide Attempt in Men and Women. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/cp161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Differential factors that influence intention and subjectively perceived fatality during non-fatal suicidal acts amongst men and women have rarely been explored in the extant literature. Exploring these factors may help to understand how they influence medical outcomes and may also be used in a post-crisis counselling. This study aims to assess factors influencing intent in relation to expected fatality during suicidal acts in men and women.
METHOD: In the current study, 433 individuals who attempted suicide (age 24.890.98 years, male/female ratio=1.29) were surveyed using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Suicide Intent Scale, Plutchik Feelings and Acts of Violence Scale, and Spielberger State/Trait Anger Scale. Life stress was evaluated as an accumulation of negative life events, whilst psychiatric disorders were assessed using CIDI 2.1 inventory.
RESULTS: It was found that the higher expected fatality was associated with higher suicide intention scores, whereas the medical severity of attempts and violent/non-violent attempts distribution did not differ between groups. Although there was no difference in suicide intent scores and medical severity between men and women, men demonstrated a 2.43.5 times higher proportion of violent attempts, depending on the group. Higher perceived fatality was associated with lower general well-being, higher depression and violence, hopelessness, and total life stress in men, whereas among women higher perceived fatality was only associated with total life stress. Moreover, in men and women, higher intent and expected fatality was associated with a differential set of negative life events that occurred during childhood. The prevalence of mental health disturbances in the entire sample was about 50% and equally distributed among men and women. However, addictions prevailed among men, while neurotic and stress-related disorders were more common among women. Among those who expected more fatality the number of people with diagnoses and comorbidity was higher, especially in men.
CONCLUSION: There is a difference in risk factors for expected fatality and intent in men and women attempting suicide, which may not necessarily result in severe medical outcomes but may help during the post-crisis counseling of suicide attempters. Expected fatality deserves more attention as a component of general intent. An in-depth study of this phenomenon may help to understand motives of men and women attempting suicide and help prevent future suicidal attempts.
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Finding the Link between Cyberbullying and Suicidal Behaviour among Adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050856. [PMID: 35627992 PMCID: PMC9141303 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media engagement has contributed to the rise of cyberbullying, which has recently triggered tragic suicides among adolescents. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of cyberbullying, suicidal behaviour, and their association among adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia. The study was conducted among 1290 secondary school adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old in Peninsular Malaysia using a self-administered and anonymous online questionnaire. Our findings reveal that the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization and perpetrator is 13.7% and 3.8%, respectively. The prevalence of suicidal behaviour among adolescents is 17.1%, in which 11.9% had suicidal thoughts, 10.2% had a suicide plan, and 8.4% had made a suicide attempt. Multiple logistic regression shows that adolescents experiencing cyberbullying victimization is a significant risk factor (p < 0.001) for suicidal behaviour after adjusting for other confounders. An alarming number of adolescents in Peninsular Malaysia found to be involved in cyberbullying and its significant association with suicidal behaviour warrant the need to strengthen current interventions. Since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, our findings make an important contribution in reporting current trends in cyberbullying and suicide among adolescents, especially when they are becoming ever-more present in cyberspaces.
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Ashworth E, Provazza S, McCarthy M, Saini P. Children and Young People Presenting in a Pediatric Emergency Department in North-West England in Suicidal Crisis: An Exploratory Case Series Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892939. [PMID: 35546930 PMCID: PMC9081675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among children and young people (CYP) worldwide, and rates have been increasing in recent years. However, while evidence exists regarding factors associated with suicide and self-harm, there is limited information publicly available on the CYP who present in suicidal crisis. This is a case series study of CYP (aged 8-16) experiencing suicidal crisis who presented in an Emergency Department at a pediatric hospital in North-West England between March 2019 and March 2021 (n = 240). Clinical records were extracted and audited to explore demographic data, methods of recording patient attendance, the clinical pathways available and the patterns of pathway usage, and differences in CYP presentations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Attendees were mostly White females, with a mean age of 13.5 years, and 24% had a diagnosed special educational need. "Social/social problems" was the most commonly used code for recording attendance (38%), and pathways varied depending on code used. A range of parental and familial factors were also identified. There were more CYP presenting with self-harm in addition to suicide ideation after the pandemic began (43 vs 27% pre-pandemic). This study provides the first clear insight into CYP who seek help at a North-West Emergency Department for suicidal crisis, and work is now needed to develop effective prevention strategies tailored toward the groups most at-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ashworth
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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18
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Bockhoff K, Bruder S, Ellermeier W, Rohrbach T, Hertel US. Wer profitiert von einem Workshop zur Suizidprävention an Schulen? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ENTWICKLUNGSPSYCHOLOGIE UND PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Um die Suizidprävention an Schulen zu verbessern, wurden psychoedukative Workshops für Schüler_innen implementiert und angeboten. N=200 Schüler_innen der 8.–10. Jahrgangsstufe wurden zufällig einer Experimental- oder Kontrollgruppe zugewiesen. Vor und nach dem Training sowie nach drei Monaten wurden sie zu ihrem hilfesuchenden und hilfegebendem Verhalten sowie ihrer depressiven Symptomatik befragt. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass besonders die als stärker suizidgefährdet eingestuften Jugendlichen von dem Training durch eine Abnahme ihrer depressiven Symptomatik profitierten. Schüler_innen der Kontrollgruppe verbesserten sich demgegenüber nicht signifikant in ihrer depressiven Symptomatik. Für das hilfesuchende ebenso wie das hilfegebende Verhalten zeigten sich positive Trends, die jedoch nicht statistisch signifikant wurden. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen – wenn auch mit Limitationen aufgrund von Ausfällen durch die Coronapandemie 2020 und durch ein restriktives Vor-Screening – die Wirksamkeit einer aufwändigen außerschulischen Suizidprävention auf Befinden und Verhalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bockhoff
- Abteilung für Psychosomatik, Darmstädter Kinderkliniken Prinzessin Margaret, Darmstadt
- Institut für Psychologie, Fachbereich Humanwissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt
| | - Simone Bruder
- Abteilung für Psychosomatik, Darmstädter Kinderkliniken Prinzessin Margaret, Darmstadt
| | - Wolfgang Ellermeier
- Institut für Psychologie, Fachbereich Humanwissenschaften, Technische Universität Darmstadt
| | - Theresa Rohrbach
- Institut für Bildungswissenschaften, Fakultät für Verhaltens- und Empirische Kulturwissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg
| | - und Silke Hertel
- Institut für Bildungswissenschaften, Fakultät für Verhaltens- und Empirische Kulturwissenschaften, Universität Heidelberg
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Melo TQD, Aquino DMFD, Peixoto AMCDL, Lisboa JLD, Ferreira RC, Zarzar PMPDA, Colares V, Laureano FDGBB, Santos CDFBF, Vieira SCM, Menezes VAD. Is Binge Drinking Associated with Suicidal Behaviors among Brazilian Adolescents? Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1365-1373. [PMID: 35673802 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2083169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between suicidal behaviors and binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,476 students 14 to 19 years of age from 26 public high schools in the city of Olinda, Brazil. Data collection occurred between March and June 2018 through the self-administered Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05, 95%CI) were performed. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt in the previous 12 months was 23.7%, 17.4% and 13.5%, respectively. Suicidal ideation was associated with binge drinking one to two days (PR:1.053, 95%CI:1.011-1.096) and ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.069, 95%CI:1.016-1.125), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.313, 95%CI:1.267-1.360), a report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.111, 95%CI:1.068-1.155), the female sex (PR:1.082, 95%CI:1.049-1.115) and a non-nuclear family (PR:1.037, 95%CI:1.004-1.071). Suicidal planning was associated with sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.257, 95%CI:1.214-1.302), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.110, 95%CI:1.065-1.156) and the female sex (PR:1.072, 95%CI:1.041-1.104). Suicide attempt was associated with binge drinking ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.062, 95%CI:1.008-1.119), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.202, 95%CI:1.161-1.244), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.105, 95%CI:1.060-1.153) and the female sex (PR:1.064, 95%CI:1.034-1.095). The Catholic (PR:0.938, 95%CI:0.899-0.979; PR:0.925, 95%CI:0.888-0.9865; PR:0.937, 95%CI:0.899-0.977) and Evangelical (PR:0.956, 95%CI:0.922-0.992; PR:0.954, 95%CI:0.919-0.991) religions acted as a possible protective factor against suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation and attempt were associated with binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel Conceição Ferreira
- Department of Social Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Colares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Camaragibe, Brazil.,Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Vivier T, Moro MR, Baubet T, Pionnie-Dax N, Grandclerc S, Spiers S, Lachal J. Gender in the Suicidal Experience: A Qualitative Study among Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 27:505-521. [PMID: 34964429 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2021337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenaged boys die more often than girls by suicide, although they report fewer suicide attempts and seek less care. The aim of this work is to explore the subjective experience of adolescent suicidal behavior to determine the aspects that are common to adolescent girls and boys and those that are specific to one gender. METHOD The study included 22 adolescents receiving care for suicidal behavior. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed according to the methods of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Three themes of experience emerged: the experience of suffering, connection to others, and courage. The individual and interpersonal dimensions highlight feelings that they are not understood by others and are isolated. Young boys experience relationship difficulties more as rejection, and young girls describe a fear of being abandoned, for which they feel responsible. Boys and girls have different definitions of courage: boys sometimes appear to value the courage to risk death, while girls perceived risk-and therefore courage-in seeking help. DISCUSSION Specific prevention programs must focus on the perception of care and its representations. By positioning the experience of adolescents as expertise, these programs would thus better respond to the expectations and the reluctance of this audience. Gender attitudes that are harmful to the use of care can be addressed and worked on. By separating the reception of care from the demeaning representation common among teens, these can be linked to a notion of shared vulnerability and interdependence and enable earlier recourse to treatment.
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Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts: Prevalence and associated factors in school-going adolescents in Sierra Leone in 2017. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2021.2001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
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22
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Papsdorf R, von Klitzing K, Radeloff D. [Suicides Among Adolescents in a Major German City]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 50:93-104. [PMID: 34749520 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suicides Among Adolescents in a Major German City Abstract. Objective: Adolescent suicide is a major contributor to the overall mortality in this age group. This study examined sex and age differences in suicide methods. Method: The investigation is based on death certificates from the years 1996 to 2019 of the city of Leipzig and includes all suicides in the age group under 25 years. The impact of sex and age on the method and location of suicide was examined using chi square statistics. Moreover, we verified the association between suicides and death by drug overdose through statistical regression. Results: 140 suicides were included in the study. The suicide methods differed between the age groups (χ² = 17,878; p = .022). Individuals under 21 years of age committed suicide almost exclusively by strangulation, jumping from heights, railway suicide, or deliberate intoxication. With the onset of early adulthood, the spectrum of methods expanded. Suicide methods were also different between the sexes (χ² = 35,166; p < .001): Male adolescents preferred highly lethal methods such as strangulation, whereas in female adolescents intoxication was the leading method of suicide, with a predominance of antidepressants. The annual rates of suicide and death by drug overdose were found to correlate (Pearson correlation = 0,571, p = .004). Minors (χ² = 3.125, p = .077) tended to avoid their own residential environment as a place of suicides compared to adults. Conclusion: When assessing the individual suicide risk and weighing safeguarding measures in clinical practice, the differences shown in the choice of methods should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Papsdorf
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Kai von Klitzing
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - Daniel Radeloff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
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The contribution of method choice to gender disparity in suicide mortality: A population-based study in Hong Kong and the United States of America. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:17-23. [PMID: 34256181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most countries, more females than males attempt suicide, yet suicide mortality is typically higher for males. The aim of this study was to investigate how suicide method choice contributed to gender disparity in suicide mortality. METHODS This study used population-based data collected in Hong Kong (HK) and the United States of America (USA) (2007-2014), comprising suicide deaths and medically treated suicide attempts. We calculated suicide rates, suicide act rates, and case fatality rates (CFRs), by gender and suicide method in HK and the USA respectively. Decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contribution of gender differences in method choice and method-specific CFRs to the excess male suicide rates in each region. RESULTS Gender disparity in suicide mortality was mostly driven by gender differences in method used in suicide acts. In HK, gender difference in choosing jumping as the method in suicide acts explained 44.5% of the gender imbalance in suicide rates, whilst in USA, 62.4% of male excess in suicide rates was explained by gender difference in using firearms in suicide acts. LIMITATIONS Cases of suicide attempts in this study were restricted to those severe enough to require medical attention. CONCLUSION Gender-specific suicide method choice largely determined gender patterns in suicide. Our findings highlighted the importance of developing locally tailored suicide prevention strategies targeting commonly used and highly lethal suicide methods. Future research is needed to explore underlying reasons for gender differences in method choice.
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Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior and Associated Clinical Correlates in Patients with Behavioral Addictions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111085. [PMID: 34769603 PMCID: PMC8583661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Addictive disorders are characterized by severe consequences, including suicidal events, but most studies investigating the association between addiction and suicidal risk have focused on substance use disorders and gambling disorder at the expense of the rest of behavioral addictions. This study examined the prevalence and the associated clinical correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of behavioral addiction. The total sample consisted of 4404 individuals: 4103 of these patients with gambling disorder, 99 with gaming disorder, 44 with sex addiction, and 158 with buying–shopping disorder. All of them were assessed consecutively at a specialized hospital unit for the treatment of behavioral addictions. Participants attended two clinical interviews and completed self-reported questionnaires to explore clinical features of behavioral addictions, personality traits, psychopathological symptomatology, suicidal behavior, and sociodemographic variables. The highest prevalence of suicidal ideation was found in patients with gambling disorder (22.9%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (18.4%), sex addiction (18.2%), and gaming disorder (6.1%). The highest prevalence of suicide attempts was registered for sex addiction (9.1%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (7.6%), gambling disorder (6.7%), and gaming disorder (3.0%). Female gender and unemployment constituted two relevant sociodemographic factors associated with suicidal risk in gambling disorder, gaming disorder, and buying–shopping disorder. Lack of family support appeared as a relevant risk factor, except for gaming disorder. These results pointed out that suicide is a prevalent behavior in behavioral addictions, and clinicians and researchers need to pay particular attention to the specificities of each behavioral addiction when assessing suicidal risk.
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Past 12-month history of single and multiple suicide attempts among a national sample of school-going adolescents in Tonga. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2021; 13:e12425. [PMID: 32985800 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide attempt may be common among adolescents. Less is known about this in the Pacific Island country, Tonga. Therefore, this analysis estimated the frequency of suicide attempts as well as its associated factors among adolescents in Tonga. METHOD Cross-sectional data of 3333 adolescents (median age = 14 years) that took part in the "2017 Tonga Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)" were analyzed. RESULTS Almost one in seven students (16.5%) had attempted suicide in the past year (8.8% once and 7.7% more than once). Female sex, loneliness, having no close friends, often bullied, frequently in a physical fight, frequently truant from school, ever amphetamine use, and past-month tobacco use were associated with ≥2 suicide attempts. Multiple suicide attempts increased with an increase in psychosocial distress, health risk behaviors, and social-environmental factors. CONCLUSION Almost one in seven students attempted suicide in the past year and several risk variables were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Hu J, Song X, Li D, Zhao S, Wan Y, Fang J, Zhang S. Interaction of smoking and being bullied on suicidal behaviors: a school-based cross-sectional survey in China. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:79. [PMID: 34388978 PMCID: PMC8364102 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal behaviors are seriously social issues among adolescents in the world. Exposed to smoking and being bullied are risk factors of suicidal behaviors. The present study was aimed to examine the interaction of smoking and being bullied on suicidal behaviors among Chinese adolescents. METHODS A total of 18,900 students were involved in the questionnaire study, in four cities of China from November 2017 to January 2018. Suicidal behaviors, smoking, and being bullied were measured by self-reported validated instruments. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the associations of suicidal ideation (SI)/suicidal plan (SP)/suicidal attempt (SA), smoking, and being bullied. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking, being bullied, SI/SP/SA, were 3.1%, 20.6%, 26.4%, 13.2%, and 5.2% respectively. Interaction analysis indicated that being bullied was associated with a greater increase in the likelihood of suicidal behaviors for adolescents with smoking than for those without smoking. CONCLUSIONS These finding suggest that smoking exacerbates the association between being bullied and suicidal behaviors. Future research should explore how and why smoking appears to more bully-victims than for those without smoking and how to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, and MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xianbing Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology & Embryology, Anhui Medical College, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Danlin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, and MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, and MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, and MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Kumamoto, 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, and MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Masi G, Lupetti I, D’Acunto G, Milone A, Fabiani D, Madonia U, Berloffa S, Lenzi F, Mucci M. A Comparison between Severe Suicidality and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Behaviors in Bipolar Adolescents Referred to a Psychiatric Emergency Unit. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11060790. [PMID: 34203874 PMCID: PMC8232570 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe suicide ideation or attempts and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) present both differences and relevant overlaps, including frequent co-occurrence and shared risk factors. Specific categorical diagnoses, namely bipolar disorder (BD), may affect clinical features and natural histories of suicidal or not suicidal self-harm behaviour. Our study aimed to compare suicidality (severe suicidal ideation or suicidal attempts) and NSSI in referred bipolar adolescents. Methods: The sample included 95 bipolar adolescents (32 males, 63 females) aged 11 to 18 years. Thirty adolescents with suicide attempts/suicidal ideation and BD (SASIB) were compared with structured measures to 35 adolescents with NSSI and BD, without suicidal ideation or attempts (NSSIB), and to 30 adolescents with BD, without suicidal ideation or attempts or NSSI (CB). Results: Compared to CB, suicidality and NSSI were both associated with female sex, borderline personality disorder and self-reported internalizing disorders, anxiety/depression and thought disorders. The NSSI were specifically associated with somatic problems. Severe suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were associated with adverse life events, immigration, bullying, eating disorders, social problems, depressive feelings, performance and social anxiety, and feelings of rejection. Conclusions: Both shared and differential features between suicidal and not suicidal adolescents may represent possible targets for diagnostic and preventative interventions.
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Balt E, Mérelle S, van Bergen D, Gilissen R, van der Post P, Looijmans M, Creemers D, Rasing S, Mulder W, van Domburgh L, Popma A. Gender differences in suicide-related communication of young suicide victims. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252028. [PMID: 34019584 PMCID: PMC8139476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited insight into gender differences in suicide-related communication (SRC) in youths. SRC is defined as "the act of conveying one's own suicide ideation, intent or behaviours to another person". Increasing our understanding of SRC in youths will enable us to recognize and specify needs of female versus male youths. The current study explores SRC in a sample of Dutch suicide victims aged under 20 and examines gender differences. METHODS Interview data from a psychological autopsy study of 35 youths who died by suicide in the Netherlands in 2017 were analysed. Qualitative analyses were performed to examine explicit SRC throughout the youths' lives and implicit SRC during the last months prior to suicide. We employed the Constant Comparative Method to explore patterns in the debut, form, frequency, medium, content, type of recipient, and SRC in the last months prior to suicide death. RESULTS We identified commonalities in the SRC of youths, including the content of suicide notes and an emphasis on suicide method and preparation in the last months. Girls, however, had an earlier debut of SRC, a higher frequency of explicit SRC, and more often directed SRC towards varied types of recipients compared to boys. Moreover, SRC of girls seemed focused on coping and achieving support from others more than SRC of boys. The SRC of boys in comparison to girls was often ambiguous or diluted by "humorous" connotations. CONCLUSION Unique patterns in SRC of boys and girls posed corresponding challenges for next of kin to interpret communications and respond adequately to SRC. The early debut of girls' SRC highlights the importance of early screening and prevention efforts in girls, while the late debut and ambiguity in boys' SRC implores professionals and next of kin to encourage young males to be unequivocal about suicide ideation or intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Balt
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Mérelle
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Bergen
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Gilissen
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Milou Looijmans
- Research department, 113 Suicide Prevention, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Creemers
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Rasing
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, The Netherlands
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wico Mulder
- Youth healthcare, Dutch Centre for Youth Health (NCJ), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Domburgh
- Quality of Care & Innovation, Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Single and Multiple Suicide Attempts: Prevalence and Correlates in School-Going Adolescents in Liberia in 2017. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1159-1164. [PMID: 33328770 PMCID: PMC7734067 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s277844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This investigation aimed to estimate the prevalence and correlates of single and multiple suicide attempts among adolescents in Liberia. Methods Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 2744 adolescents (18 years of median age) who participated in the "2017 Liberia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)". Results Results indicate that 33.7% of students had made a suicide attempt in the past 12 months (16.5% single and 17.2% multiple suicide attempts). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, having no close friends, loneliness, having been frequently physically attacked, ever used amphetamine and fast food intake were associated with multiple suicide attempts in the past 12 months. In addition, having been frequently in a physical fight and current tobacco use were associated with single suicide attempt. In sex stratified analyses, in addition, among boys frequent bullying victimization and among girls, parental tobacco use and parents never or rarely check on home work were associated with multiple suicide attempts. Multiple psychosocial distressors, multiple social-environmental factors, and multiple health risk behaviours were associated with single and multiple suicide attempts. Conclusion One in three students had made suicide attempt in the past 12 months (one in six students multiple suicide attempts) and several associated variables were detected which can aid in designing intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.,Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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30
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Tasnim R, Islam MS, Sujan MSH, Sikder MT, Potenza MN. Suicidal ideation among Bangladeshi university students early during the COVID-19 pandemic: Prevalence estimates and correlates. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2020; 119:105703. [PMID: 33204046 PMCID: PMC7654299 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lockdown, social isolation, and interruption of daily life during the COVID-19 period have impacted many lives. University students are particularly vulnerable to such disruptions and may be particularly disposed to suicidal ideation, potentially creating a new public health crisis. This study aimed to assess suicidal ideation and associated factors among university students in Bangladesh during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the Google form (Google survey tool) from April to May 2020. Initially, 3366 respondents voluntarily completed the survey form. Finally, 3331 surveys were included in the final analyses after removing incomplete surveys. The data ware reviewed, rechecked, and analyzed with SPSS (25.0 version) software. A total of 1979 (59.4%) males and 1352 (40.6%) females participated. Respondents were between the ages of 18 to 28 years (mean age 21.4 years [SD = 1.9]). The prevalence estimate of suicidal ideation was 12.8%. Potential risk factors included less sleep, excess sleep, cigarette smoking, past suicidal thoughts, suicide attempt history, family history of suicidality, depression, anxiety, and stress. Potential protective factors included being male, having lower SES, living in rural areas, regular physical exercise, and satisfactory study. Suicidal ideation was prevalent among Bangladeshi university students during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the correlates of suicidal ideation may aid to develop targeted strategies to support students during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Tasnim
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Safaet Hossain Sujan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Youth Research Association, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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31
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Kingsbury M, Sucha E, Manion I, Gilman SE, Colman I. Pathways from parenting practices to adolescent suicidality: Evidence on the role of emotional and behavioral symptoms from a prospective cohort of Canadian children. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1149-1157. [PMID: 32720746 PMCID: PMC8366387 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate longitudinal relationships between parenting practices in childhood and adolescent suicidality, and assess the mediating role of emotional and behavioral symptoms. METHODS Data were drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a Canadian population-based longitudinal cohort study. The sample included 9,490 children aged 10-11 who were followed up biennially to ages 14-15. Parents reported their positive and punitive parenting practices when children were 10-11. Adolescents self-reported symptoms of depression/anxiety, hyperactivity, conduct disorder, and social aggression at 12-13, and past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at 14-15. RESULTS The inverse associations between positive parenting at 10-11 and suicidal behaviors at 14-15 were significantly mediated by symptoms of hyperactivity, conduct disorder, and social aggression at 12-13. Direct relationships between punitive parenting and suicidal behaviors were observed. These associations were significantly mediated by hyperactivity and, among boys only, by conduct disorder and social aggression. The association between punitive parenting and suicide attempt was additionally mediated by depression/anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Parenting in childhood may be associated with adolescent suicidality both directly and indirectly through emotional and behavioral symptoms. Interventions aimed at reducing the use of harsh disciplinary strategies and promoting positive parent-child interactions may reduce the burden of adolescent suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Kingsbury
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ewa Sucha
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ian Manion
- Royal Ottawa Hospital, Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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A person-centered approach to studying associations between psychosocial vulnerability factors and adolescent depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a Canadian longitudinal sample. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:351-362. [PMID: 32381149 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of adolescents who are at risk for depression and suicidal ideation. Latent class analysis was first applied to 1,290 adolescents from a Canadian cohort study in order to identify latent vulnerability subtypes based on 18 psychosocial vulnerability factors. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the associations between class membership and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation 2 years later. The moderating role of sex in the associations between latent classes and depressive symptoms was explored. Five latent classes were identified: Low Vulnerability (42%), Substance Use Only (13%), Moderate Vulnerability (28%), Conduct Problems (8%) and High Vulnerability (9%). Compared with the Low Vulnerability class, the probabilities of presenting depressive symptoms were higher for the Substance Use Only class, OR = 1.93, 95% CI [1.21, 3.06], the Moderate Vulnerability class, OR = 2.96, 95% CI [2.09, 4.20], the Conduct Problems class, OR = 3.03, 95% CI [1.84, 4.98], and the High Vulnerability class, OR = 5.4, 95% CI [3.42, 8.53]. Furthermore, interaction effects with sex were identified in relation to depressive symptoms only. The probability of presenting suicidal ideation was higher only for the High Vulnerability class, OR = 4.51, 95% CI [2.41, 8.43]. This study highlights the importance of a person-centered perspective that considers both vulnerability subtypes and sex because these associations are complex rather than linear or additive.
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Raffagnato A, Angelico C, Valentini P, Miscioscia M, Gatta M. Using the Body When There Are No Words for Feelings: Alexithymia and Somatization in Self-Harming Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:262. [PMID: 32322222 PMCID: PMC7158949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present case-control study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and somatic complaints in the psychopathological setting of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). A clinical sample of 134 adolescents (115 females; 85.5%) from 12 to 18 years old engaging in NSSI was compared with a control group of 243 high-school students (157 females; 64.6%) from 13 to 18 years old. Data were collected using two questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report 11-18 and the 20 Toronto Alexithymia Scale. In both cases and controls, the presence of somatization and alexithymia was associated with more severe psychopathological problems. Analyses were conducted to explore the association between somatic disorders and alexithymia. In the clinical group, somatic complaints were reported by 95.9% of alexithymic individuals, whereas only 44.3% of alexithymic adolescents reported somatic complaints. A one-way relationship emerged between somatization and alexithymia: while alexithymia would seem to be a factor associated with self-injury, somatic disorders were strongly associated with alexithymia, but not necessarily with self-injury. Among the self-harming adolescents, those with both alexithymia and somatization had a more severe psychopathological picture than the individuals with alexithymia but no somatization. This would suggest that, in the setting of NSSI, greater difficulty with identifying feelings is associated with somatization, and alexithymia would be an attribute common to self-harming behavior and somatization, both of which are characterized by the body being used to express psychological and emotional problems. Future research could further investigate alexithymia in self-harming individuals, in relation to any presence or absence of somatic disorders, with longitudinal assessments on any differences in their manifestation of self-injury and its psychopathological correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Raffagnato
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Caterina Angelico
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Perla Valentini
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanistic and International Studies: History, Culture, Languages, Literature, Arts, Media, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Urbino, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Gatta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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The Mediating Effect of Sleep Quality on the Relationship between Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Suicidal Ideation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244963. [PMID: 31817688 PMCID: PMC6949910 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents are associated with suicidal ideation, but different dimensions of problems may be associated with different levels of suicidal ideation. The aim of this large-scale study was to explore the relationship between different dimensions of emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents and to determine whether sleep disorders play a mediating role in the relationship. In total, 20,475 students completed the questionnaire regarding emotional and behavioral problems, sleep quality and suicidal ideation. After adjustment for covariates, total emotional and behavioral difficulties (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-1.23) and sleep disorders (AOR = 4.17, 95% CI = 3.82-4.54) increased the risk of suicidal ideation, while prosocial problems (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.90-0.93) decreased the risk of suicidal ideation. Sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal ideation. The standardized indirect effects of emotional and behavioral difficulties on suicidal ideation (standardized β estimate = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.020, 0.044) and the effects of prosocial problems on suicidal ideation (standardized β estimate = -0.039, 95% CI = -0.045, -0.035) mediated by sleep quality were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Our study indicates that emotional and behavioral problems increase the risk of suicidal ideation. Additionally, sleep quality plays a mediating role in the association between emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal ideation.
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Nyundo A, Manu A, Regan M, Ismail A, Chukwu A, Dessie Y, Njau T, Kaaya SF, Smith Fawzi MC. Factors associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and behaviours amongst sub-Saharan African adolescents aged 10-19 years: cross-sectional study. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 25:54-69. [PMID: 31698526 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the burden of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour amongst adolescents at sites in six sub-Saharan African countries and examine associated risk and protective factors. METHODS Household-based cross-sectional study involving male and female adolescents ages 10-19 years. A total of 7,662 adolescents from eight sites in six countries participated in the survey. Three sites were urban: Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), Harar (Ethiopia) and Ibadan (Nigeria); five were rural: Dodoma (Tanzania), Iganga/Mayuge (Uganda), Kersa (Ethiopia), Ningo Prampram (Ghana) and Nouna (Burkina Faso). Log-binomials models were used to estimate relative risks and confidence intervals for factors associated with depression and suicidal behaviour. This was supplemented using log-Poisson models as needed. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal behaviour over the last 12 months ranged between 1.2% and 12.4% in the eight sites. Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation/behaviours were associated with older age, female sex, food insecurity, poor access to health care and substance use. Depression was strongly associated with increased risk of suicidal behaviour at two sites where the multivariate model converged: Harar, Ethiopia (RR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.8, 7.0, P < 0.05) and Ibadan, Nigeria (RR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.2, 6.3, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviour are common amongst sub-Saharan African adolescents at these 8 sites. Most factors associated with depressive symptoms are modifiable and preventable. Routine screening for depressive symptoms in services frequented by adolescents in these and similar communities would be crucial in early detection and prompt intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azan Nyundo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Adom Manu
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mathilda Regan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Department of Statistics, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Angela Chukwu
- Department of Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tasiana Njau
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sylvia F Kaaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary C Smith Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Fang Y, Zeng B, Chen P, Mai Y, Teng S, Zhang M, Zhao J, Yang X, Zhao J. Mindfulness and Suicide Risk in Undergraduates: Exploring the Mediating Effect of Alexithymia. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2106. [PMID: 31572279 PMCID: PMC6753216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and suicide risk in undergraduates, and it further explored the potential mediating role of alexithymia in this relationship. A total of 2,633 undergraduates completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire – Revised (SBQ-R), and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The results indicate that mindfulness and suicide risk were negatively correlated, and alexithymia partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and suicide risk only in the female undergraduates. Moreover, only the difficulty in identifying feelings (DIF) factor of alexithymia mediated the relationship between mindfulness and suicide risk in the female undergraduates. These findings contribute to the potential mechanism that explains the relationship between mindfulness and suicide risk. Furthermore, it is possible to implement mindfulness in the suicide intervention of alexithymic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoer Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyi Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Mai
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Teng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minting Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiubo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pitkänen J, Remes H, Aaltonen M, Martikainen P. Experience of maternal and paternal adversities in childhood as determinants of self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:1040-1046. [PMID: 31431474 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies suggest that childhood experience of parental adversities increases the risk of subsequent offspring self-harm, but studies on distinct paternal and maternal characteristics are few and it remains unclear how these interact with childhood social position. The study aims to assess whether paternal and maternal adversities have different associations with offspring self-harm in adolescence and young adulthood. Interaction by offspring gender and childhood income are investigated, as well as cumulative effects of multiple adversities. METHODS The study uses administrative register data on a 20% random sample of Finnish households with children aged 0-14 years in 2000. We follow children born in 1986-1998 (n=155 855) from their 13th birthday until 2011. Parental substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, criminality and hospitalisations due to interpersonal violence or self-harm are used to predict offspring self-harm with Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The results show a clear increase in the risk of self-harm among those exposed to maternal or paternal adversities with HRs between 1.5 and 5.4 among boys and 1.7 and 3.9 among girls. The excess risks hold for every measure of maternal and paternal adversities after adjusting for childhood income and parental education. Evidence was found suggesting that low income, accumulation of adversity and female gender may exacerbate the consequences of adversities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that both parents' adversities increase the risk of self-harm and that multiple experiences of parental adversities in childhood are especially harmful, regardless of parent gender. Higher levels of childhood income can protect from the negative consequences of adverse experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Pitkänen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Remes
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Aaltonen
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Martikainen
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany
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38
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and correlates of past 12-month suicide attempt among in-school adolescents in Guatemala. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:523-529. [PMID: 31372072 PMCID: PMC6628607 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s212648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of past 12-month suicide attempts and associated factors among in-school adolescents in Guatemala. Methods Cross-sectional data from the 2014 "Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS)" included 4,274 students (median age 14 years, interquartile range=2 years) that were representative of all middle school students in Guatemala. Results The prevalence of past 12-month suicide attempt was 16.6%, 12.2% among boys and 20.2% among girls. Among students with a suicide attempt in the past year, 52.8% had a suicide plan in the past year. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex and loneliness were associated with past 12-month suicide attempt, and among boys, none of the variables, and among girls, loneliness and current alcohol use were associated with past 12-month suicide attempt. Conclusion A high prevalence and several specific factors associated with suicide attempt were identified which can help in guiding preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.,Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research and Innovation, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor, Research and Innovation, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Whitmore LM, Smith TC. Isolating the Association of Sleep, Depressive State, and Other Independent Indicators for Suicide Ideation in United States Teenagers. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:471-490. [PMID: 29791276 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1456992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, suicide is the second leading cause of death in American teenagers, and is a growing public health concern. This study uses multivariable logistic regression to investigate the independent relationship between suicide ideation and sleep duration in teenagers using the 2015 Youth Behavior Risk Surveillance Study, controlling for demographic, behavioral, and other factors found to be associated. Sleep durations of 4-5 hours and 6-7 hours per night were associated with approximately 75-80% and 20-40% increased adjusted odds of suicide ideation, as compared to teens sleeping the recommended 8 hours or more, and should be considered as a potential important indicator for adolescent suicidal ideation in primary-care screens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler C Smith
- b Program lead MS Health and Life Science Analytics, director Health Science Research Center, Department of Community Health, School of Health and Human Services , National University , San Diego , CA , USA
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40
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Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Alayo I, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Rodríguez-Marín J, Roca M, Soto-Sanz V, Vilagut G, Alonso J. Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:265-283. [PMID: 30635683 PMCID: PMC6439147 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. METHODS Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12-26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54-2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend's suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. CONCLUSIONS More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Castellví
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Jaen University, Jaén, Spain
| | - Oleguer Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxaso Alayo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Almenara
- Preventive Medicine Area and Public Health, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jesús Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annabel Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Andrea Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, San Sebastian, Spain
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit, BioDonosti Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carolina Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Romanos M, Fegert JM, Roessner V, Schulte-Körne G, Banaschewski T. On the Role and Significance of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy (CAPPP) Within the Planned National Health Centers. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:103e-110e. [PMID: 30873918 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Romanos
- 1 Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- 2 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm
| | - Veit Roessner
- 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- 4 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Munich
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- 5 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg
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42
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Romanos M, Fegert JM, Roessner V, Schulte-Körne G, Banaschewski T. Zur Rolle und Bedeutung der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychosomatik und -psychotherapie (KJPPP) in den geplanten nationalen Gesundheitszentren. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2019; 47:103-110. [PMID: 30727819 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Romanos
- 1 Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit (ZEP), Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- 2 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm
| | - Veit Roessner
- 3 Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- 4 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- 5 Klinik Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters , Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit (ZI), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim
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43
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Donath C, Bergmann MC, Kliem S, Hillemacher T, Baier D. Epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background: a representative study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 30709395 PMCID: PMC6359754 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background are scarce. There are hints that this population is at risk. The aim of the study is to investigate the epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and direct self-injurious behavior in adolescents with a migration background in Germany while taking gender-specific differences into consideration. METHODS A representative study with N = 10,638 students (mean age 14.91 years, SD = .73).) in the state of Lower Saxony in Germany was conducted. In the 2014-2015 school year, 672 classes were selected by randomly sampling different school types. The participation rate was 84.1%, excluding any classes for which the director refused to provide consent. A total of 49.8% were female adolescents, and 23.3% of the participants had a migration background. Target variables were assessed with items from the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire and the Self-Harm Inventory, partly adapted. RESULTS Of all students, 7.6% had a lifetime history of suicide attempts, and 36.6% answered with a rating of at least "rarely" when asked to rate the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation. The 12-month prevalence of direct self-injurious behavior was 17.8%. Adolescents with a migration background showed a significantly higher prevalence of all three constructs (p = .006; p < .001; p = .006). Male students with a migration background reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts (4.7% vs. 3.1%) than native males (p = .009). Female students with a migration background reported a significantly higher lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts (15.9% vs. 10.4%) and suicidal ideation ("often" 12.1% vs. 8.9%) than native female students (p < .001; p = .008). CONCLUSION Our assessment indicates an elevated risk for suicidal behaviors in adolescents with a migration background. From research on adults, it is known that the dominant motives for suicidal behavior in migrants are associated with their migration history/situation. As suggested by Cramer and Kapusta's (Front Psychol 8:1756, 2017) theoretical model, the Social-Ecological Framework of Theory, Assessment, and Prevention, there is a need for culturally sensitive preventions that take into account the specific reasons for suicide attempts in migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Donath
- Center for Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestr. 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research, Clinic for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Baier
- Institute of Delinquency and Crime Prevention, ZHAW School of Social Work, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, Postfach, 8037 Zurich, Switzerland
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Goodday SM, Bondy S, Sutradhar R, Brown HK, Rhodes A. The Cumulative Incidence of Self-Reported Suicide-Related Thoughts and Attempts in Young Canadians. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:107-115. [PMID: 29976094 PMCID: PMC6405801 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718787794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the cumulative incidence of self-reported suicide-related thoughts (SRTs) and suicide attempts (SAs) in males and females from 11 to 25 years of age in Canada. METHODS A cohort study was conducted by linking cycles 2 to 8 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a representative survey of Canadians aged 11 to 25 years conducted from 1996 to 2009. The 11- to 25-year cumulative incidence of self-reported SRTs and SAs (with suicidal intent) was estimated in males and females using a novel application of a counting process approach to account for discontinuous risk intervals between survey cycles. RESULTS The risk of SRTs was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 31%) in females and 19% (95% CI, 16% to 23%) in males. The risk of SAs was 16% (95% CI, 14% to 19%) in females and 7% (95% CI, 6% to 8%) in males. Over 70% of SRTs and SAs first occur between 11 and 16 years of age and 30% between 11 and 13 years of age, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The risk of SRTs and SAs is high in young Canadians, with most events first occurring in early to mid-adolescence and possibly earlier. Females are at a higher risk compared to males. This research underscores the need for better longitudinal surveillance of SRTs and SAs in the population. A counting process framework could be useful for future research using existing longitudinal surveys suffering from design limitations relating to gaps in respondent follow-up. Furthermore, these findings have implications for younger SRT and SA risk management by clinicians and earlier implementation of suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Goodday
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Susan Bondy
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- 2 Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario.,3 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Hilary K Brown
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario.,4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Anne Rhodes
- 1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario.,4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario.,5 The Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario
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45
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Kaess M, Ritter S, Lustig S, Bauer S, Becker K, Eschenbeck H, Moessner M, Rummel-Kluge C, Salize HJ, Thomasius R, Resch F, Koenig J. Promoting Help-seeking using E-technology for ADolescents with mental health problems: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial within the ProHEAD Consortium. Trials 2019; 20:94. [PMID: 30704534 PMCID: PMC6357507 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highest incidence and prevalence of mental health problems across the lifespan as well as the first onset of most long-term mental health conditions are reported for youths between 14 and 25 years of age. At the same time, only 25% of adolescents with mental health problems receive professional treatment. One explanation for poor treatment access in youths is their low help-seeking behavior. Barriers that can keep children and adolescents (C&A) from seeking professional help include a lack of perceived need, structural barriers, or stigma. Interventions based on e-technology might present an effective approach, overcoming these barriers by reducing stigma and providing low-threshold access with enhanced reach, ultimately facilitating help-seeking for mental health problems among youths. METHODS The study is designed as a multi-center, randomized controlled trial. In total, an estimated number of n = 1,500 C&A with mental health problems, drawn from a school-based sample of n = 15,000 pupils attending school grades 6 to 13 (≥ 12 years of age), recruited in five regions of Germany, will be randomized either to an intervention (ProHEAD online) or a control condition. C&A in the intervention group will receive online access to tailored information and individual advice on where to seek professional help for their specific needs close to their place of living, case reports of and interaction with peers, as well as the opportunity for online and telephone counseling. C&A in the control intervention will receive a recommendation to seek help and online information on where to find professional help. All participants will be asked to complete questionnaires concerning their help-seeking behavior at baseline, during the intervention (monitoring), and also at a 1 and 2 year follow-up. The primary endpoint is the number of C&A seeking conventional face-to-face professional help in the real-world setting within 1 year after their initial screening. DISCUSSION The trial will investigate if an Internet-based intervention can increase professional help-seeking in C&A with mental health problems. With its randomized controlled design and large-scale school-based sampling, the study aims to overcome the shortages of previous research. The intervention has the potential to narrow the treatment gap in C&A and to ultimately improve the mental health care system. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00014685 . Registered on 7 July, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaess
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Stöckli, Bolligenstrasse 141c, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Ritter
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Lustig
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bauer
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Sachs-Str. 6, 35039 Marburg, Germany
- Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (MCMBB), Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Heike Eschenbeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Oberbettringer Str. 200, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Markus Moessner
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Bergheimerstr 54, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Rummel-Kluge
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Salize
- Mental Health Services Research Group, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Center for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, W29, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstr. 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Stöckli, Bolligenstrasse 141c, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
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KESAPLI M, CELIK A, ISIK I. Characteristic Features of Childhood and Adolescent Poisonings, in the Mediterranean Region over 6 Years. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 47:1667-1674. [PMID: 30581782 PMCID: PMC6294851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to define the epidemiological characteristics of poisoning cases in children that have occurred in Antalya, a major city in the Mediterranean. METHODS The hospital records of children between the ages of 0 to 17 yr admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department of Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey due to poisoning in a 6-year period from 2012-2017 were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, 1507 poisoning cases were included in the study, of which 56% were female and 44% were male. Of them, 55% were between the ages of 0 and 5 yr, 10% were between 6 and 12, and 35% were between 13 and 17 year. In the 0-5 yr group, the poisonings were mostly in boys (55.1%) and were all accidental, while in children above 13, the poisonings were mostly in girls (77.8%) and suicide-related (97.1%). The poisonings were due to medication (64.5%) and chemical substances (35.5%). Among medication poisonings, the most common agents were paracetamol (18.0%), NSAID (15.2%) and antibiotics (8.0%). The most frequent chemical substances leading to poisoning were caustic/corrosive chemicals (22.8%) pesticides (8.0%). Interventions most commonly administered were activated charcoal (60.9%), gastric lavage (38.6%) and naso-gastric catheter (36.6%). Mortality was observed in 2 cases during six years. CONCLUSION Knowledge on epidemiological and clinical features of poisoning in children according to age groups, establishing drug and chemical substance safety for children, and widespread parent education shall help decreasing childhood poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa KESAPLI
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet CELIK
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Mehmet Akif Training and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ishak ISIK
- Dept. of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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47
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Lara GAG, Zúñiga JO, Pérez OC, Solís SH, Jiménez CEP, Méndez MC. Predictors of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1089-1096. [PMID: 29694595 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018234.14492016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the presence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Chiapas, Mexico based on predictor variables. A cross-sectional study adopting an ex post facto design was conducted with a non-probability sample of 4,759 students of both sexes with an average age of 18.4 years and using the following tools: the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Roberts' Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Impulsiveness Scale (IS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The mean score obtained by the suicidal ideation scale was 0.2, which is lower than that reported by other studies, while the mean score for depressive symptoms was similar to those in the literature. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 7.8%, which is lower than reported in national and international studies. Multivariable logistic regression showed that impulsiveness (OR = 1.907) and depressive symptoms (OR = 9.006) lead to a twofold and ninefold increase in the likelihood of suicidal ideation, respectively. The findings also showed a strong association between suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms, showing that the latter is a predictor of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ocaña Zúñiga
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | - Oscar Cruz Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | - Soledad Hernández Solís
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
| | | | - Martín Cabrera Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Mexico,
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Jeon GS, Choi K, Cho SI. Gender differences in exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial and behavioral factors of suicide attempt among Korean adolescents. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2017; 9. [PMID: 28127870 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined gender differences in suicide attempts and their association with exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors among Korean adolescents. METHODS Data of 74 854 adolescents, taken from the 2010 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the contribution of differential exposure to psychosocial, behavioral, and structural factors for gender differences of suicidal attempt. RESULTS Gender differences were observed in the degree of exposure to the various factors. Females were more likely to report psychosocial problems, whereas males were more likely to report experience of smoking and drinking alcohol and to engage in vigorous physical activity. Stress and unhappiness were significantly associated with suicide attempts in both males and females, and gender differences in these variables were nonsignificant. Depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts, and this relationship was significantly stronger for males. The effects of cigarette smoking and risky drinking were significantly stronger in females. DISCUSSION Greater exposure to perceived stress, feelings of unhappiness, depression, and higher vulnerability of smoking and heavy drinking accounted for higher suicide attempts of female adolescents. Higher exposure to health-related behaviors and greater vulnerability to depressive symptoms in male were also noted. In conclusion, differences in exposure and vulnerability to psychosocial and behavioral factors may partly explain gender differences in suicide attempts among Korean adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Suk Jeon
- Department of Nursing, Division of Natural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, South Korea
| | - Kyungwon Choi
- Department of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gender differences and stage-specific influence of parent-adolescent conflicts on adolescent suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:424-431. [PMID: 28668758 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined familial and peer related factors as predictors of suicidal ideation in school students. Total 2896 participants were included from Taiwan Youth Project released data, a longitudinal survey of adolescent suicidal ideation at ages 15, 18, and 20. Logistic regression analysis risk factors associated with adolescent suicidal ideation reveled differences during the developmental stages. After adjusted for psychological symptoms, effect of quarrels with parents on suicidal ideation lasts in early and middle stages; in the late adolescent stage, only cigarette or alcohol use remained significant. Girls who reported quarrels with parents had the highest level of suicidal ideation before age 18. Stage- and gender-specific differences may provide appropriate intervention strategies for parents and teachers preventing adolescent suicidal ideation.
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Abstract
Punch injuries are a form of self-harm characterised by the intentional act of striking an object with a closed fist. We aimed to describe the characteristics and trends in young people presenting with injuries sustained via the punch mechanism. A comprehensive retrospective review of medical records was completed of all young people aged 10-18 years presenting to our Central London Emergency Department over a 12-month period. A subset of the total group was identified as the punch injury subgroup. A total of 78 punch injury presentations were identified. In this subgroup, the male:female ratio is 4.57:1; 37.18% of presentations were associated with a fracture ( n = 29) and 35.90% ( n = 28) of patients re-presented following another punch injury, as a victim of violence, or by other psychiatric presentation. In conclusion, a male preponderance was observed, with frequent re-presentations, often in high-risk circumstances. An opportunity for screening, including mental health, social and substance misuse, was identified. Further research is needed to enable targeted effective interventions in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal Oxley
- Paediatric Mental Health Team, Department of Paediatrics, Whittington Hospital, UK
| | - Jane E Roberts
- Paediatric Mental Health Team, Department of Paediatrics, Whittington Hospital, UK
| | - Sebastian Kraemer
- Paediatric Mental Health Team, Department of Paediatrics, Whittington Hospital, UK
| | - Giles Armstrong
- Paediatric Mental Health Team, Department of Paediatrics, Whittington Hospital, UK
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