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Gopalani SV, Senkomago V, Rim SH, Saraiya M. Human papillomavirus-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma: sociodemographic, geographic, and county-level economic trends in incidence rates-United States, 2001-2019. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:275-282. [PMID: 37851397 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increasing, but vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) and removal of precancerous anal lesions could prevent new cases. The overall HPV-associated cancer incidence is reported to be higher in rural populations and in counties with lower economic status. We assessed these differences specifically for HPV-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma and described the geographic, county-level economic, and sociodemographic variations in incidence rates and trends. METHODS We analyzed data from the US Cancer Statistics to assess age-standardized incidence rates of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinomas among adults aged 18 years and older from 2001 to 2019. We calculated rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals to examine differences in incidence rates. We also quantified changes in incidence rates over time using joinpoint regression. RESULTS From 2001 to 2019, 72 421 new cases of HPV-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma were diagnosed among women (2.8 per 100 000) and 37 147 among men (1.7 per 100 000). Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in the South compared with other census regions and in counties ranked in the bottom 25% and 25%-75% economically than in the top 25%. The overall incidence rate increased in women but remained stable in men during 2009-2019. Incidence rates increased in adults aged 50 years and older but decreased among those aged 40-44 years from 2001 to 2019 in women and from 2007 to 2019 in men. CONCLUSIONS There were inequities in HPV-associated anal squamous cell carcinoma incidence by geographic and county-level economic characteristics. Failure to improve vaccine and treatment equity may widen existing disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Vali Gopalani
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Virginia Senkomago
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sun Hee Rim
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mona Saraiya
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dummer TJB, Yu X, Cui Y, Nauta L, Saint-Jacques N, Sweeney Magee M, Rainham DGC. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Risk of Lung, Breast, and Urinary Tract Cancer in Halifax, Nova Scotia. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:e485-e490. [PMID: 37072926 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the association of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) with the incidence of lung, breast, and urinary tract cancer in Halifax, Nova Scotia. METHODS Our case-control study included 2315 cancers and 8501 age-sex-matched controls. Land-use regression was used to estimate TRAP concentrations. Logistic regression was used to assess cancer risk in relation to TRAP, adjusting for community social and material deprivation. RESULTS There was no association between the risk of lung, breast, or urinary tract cancer in relation to TRAP. Lung cancer risk was significantly increased in the most deprived communities, whereas breast cancer risk was highest in the least deprived communities. CONCLUSIONS In a city characterized by low levels of ambient air pollution, there was no evidence of a linear increased lung, breast, or urinary tract cancer risk in relation to TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor J B Dummer
- From the School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (T.J.B.D., X.Y., M.S.M.); Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (Y.C., L.N.); Nova Scotia Health Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Canada (N.S.-J.); and Healthy Populations Institute and School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada (D.G.C.R.)
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Saint-Jacques N, Brown PE, Purcell J, Rainham DG, Terashima M, Dummer TJB. The Nova Scotia Community Cancer Matrix: A geospatial tool to support cancer prevention. Soc Sci Med 2023; 330:116038. [PMID: 37390806 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, cancer is a leading cause of death and morbidity and its burden is increasing worldwide. It is established that medical approaches alone will not solve this cancer crisis. Moreover, while cancer treatment can be effective, it is costly and access to treatment and health care is vastly inequitable. However, almost 50% of cancers are caused by potentially avoidable risk factors and are thus preventable. Cancer prevention represents the most cost-effective, feasible and sustainable pathway towards global cancer control. While much is known about cancer risk factors, prevention programs often lack consideration of how place impacts cancer risk over time. Maximizing cancer prevention investment requires an understanding of the geographic context for why some people develop cancer while others do not. Data on how community and individual level risk factors interact is therefore required. The Nova Scotia Community Cancer Matrix (NS-Matrix) study was established in Nova Scotia (NS), a small province in Eastern Canada with a population of 1 million. The study integrates small-area profiles of cancer incidence with cancer risk factors and socioeconomic conditions, to inform locally relevant and equitable cancer prevention strategies. The NS-Matrix Study includes over 99,000 incident cancers diagnosed in NS between 2001 and 2017, georeferenced to small-area communities. In this analysis we used Bayesian inference to identify communities with high and low risk for lung and bladder cancer: two highly preventable cancers with rates in NS exceeding the Canadian average, and for which key risk factors are high. We report significant spatial heterogeneity in lung and bladder cancer risk. The identification of spatial disparities relating to a community's socioeconomic profile and other spatially varying factors, such as environmental exposures, can inform prevention. Adopting Bayesian spatial analysis methods and utilizing high quality cancer registry data provides a model to support geographically-focused cancer prevention efforts, tailored to local community needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- NSH Cancer Care Program, Bethune Building, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie St., Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Patrick E Brown
- Department of Statistical Science, University of Toronto, Sidney Smith Hall, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Judy Purcell
- NSH Cancer Care Program, Bethune Building, 1276 South Park St, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Daniel G Rainham
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, 1318 Robie St., Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Mikiko Terashima
- School of Planning, Dalhousie University, O'Brien Hall, 5217 Morris St., Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 226 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Parlato LA, Welch R, Ong IM, Long J, Cai Q, Steinwandel MD, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Warren Andersen S. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating vitamin D outcomes among individuals of African ancestry. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:308-316. [PMID: 36811574 PMCID: PMC10196601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is more common among African-ancestry individuals and may be associated with adverse health outcomes. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) regulates concentrations of biologically active vitamin D. OBJECTIVE We conducted genome-wide association study (GWAS) of VDBP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D among African-ancestry individuals. METHODS Data were collected from 2,602 African American adults from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS) and 6,934 African- or Caribbean-ancestry adults from the UK Biobank. Serum VDBP concentrations were available only in the SCCS and were measured by using the Polyclonal Human VDBP ELISA kit. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations for both study samples were measured by using Diasorin Liason, a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Participants were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genome-wide coverage by using Illumina or Affymetrix platforms. Fine-mapping analysis was performed by using forward stepwise linear regression models including all variants with P value < 5 × 10-8 and within 250 kbps of a lead SNP. RESULTS We identified 4 loci notably associated with VDBP concentrations in the SCCS population: rs7041 (per allele β = 0.61 μg/mL, SE = 0.05, P = 1.4 × 10-48) and rs842998 (per allele β = 0.39 μg/mL, SE = 0.03, P = 4.0 × 10-31) in GC, rs8427873 (per allele β = 0.31 μg/mL, SE = 0.04, P = 3.0 × 10-14) near GC and rs11731496 (per allele β = 0.21 μg/mL, SE = 0.03, P = 3.6 × 10-11) in between GC and NPFFR2. In conditional analyses, which included the above-mentioned SNPs, only rs7041 remained notable (P = 4.1 × 10-21). SNP rs4588 in GC was the only GWAS-identified SNP associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Among UK Biobank participants: per allele β = -0.11 μg/mL, SE = 0.01, P = 1.5 × 10-13; in the SCCS: per allele β = -0.12 μg/mL, SE = 0.06, P = 2.8 × 10-02). rs7041 and rs4588 are functional SNPs that influence the binding affinity of VDBP to 25-hydroxyvitamin D. CONCLUSIONS Our results were in line with previous studies conducted in European-ancestry populations, showing that GC, the gene that directly encodes for VDBP, would be important for VDBP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. The current study extends our knowledge of the genetics of vitamin D in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Parlato
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rene Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW-Health Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UW-Health Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark D Steinwandel
- International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; International Epidemiology Field Station, Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Guindon GE, Montreuil A, Driezen P, Stahlbaum R, Giolat D, Baskerville NB. Do cigarette prices near secondary schools vary by area-level socioeconomic status? Findings from a field study in Ontario and Québec, Canada. Health Place 2023; 79:102936. [PMID: 36493496 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine, in the context of youth smoking, whether cigarette prices near secondary schools varied by area-level socioeconomic status in Southwestern and Central Ontario, and the greater Montréal region. METHODS We collected cigarette prices four times between 2016 and 2019 from stores near secondary schools and used mixed-effects and ordinary least squares regressions. RESULTS We found consistent evidence that cigarette prices near secondary schools were lower in neighbourhoods with lower area-level household income, and that differences were large enough to be meaningful. In Ontario and Québec, our results indicate a Can$0.26 [0.04, 0.47] to Can$0.51 [0.33, 0.69] and Can$0.10 [-0.04, 0.24] to Can$0.37 [0.22, 0.52] difference in prices for a pack of 25 cigarettes between neighbourhoods with a median household income standard deviation below/above the provincial median, respectively. CONCLUSION Policy changes that limit area-level cigarette price differences without lowering cigarette prices may reduce inequities in youth smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Emmanuel Guindon
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Annie Montreuil
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Stahlbaum
- Centre for Health Economics and Policy Analysis, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Didier Giolat
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - N Bruce Baskerville
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Pasman JA, Demange PA, Guloksuz S, Willemsen AHM, Abdellaoui A, Ten Have M, Hottenga JJ, Boomsma DI, de Geus E, Bartels M, de Graaf R, Verweij KJH, Smit DJ, Nivard M, Vink JM. Genetic Risk for Smoking: Disentangling Interplay Between Genes and Socioeconomic Status. Behav Genet 2022; 52:92-107. [PMID: 34855049 PMCID: PMC8860781 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to disentangle the contribution of genetic liability, educational attainment (EA), and their overlap and interaction in lifetime smoking. We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UK Biobank (N = 394,718) to (i) capture variants for lifetime smoking, (ii) variants for EA, and (iii) variants that contribute to lifetime smoking independently from EA ('smoking-without-EA'). Based on the GWASs, three polygenic scores (PGSs) were created for individuals from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR, N = 17,805) and the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2, N = 3090). We tested gene-environment (G × E) interactions between each PGS, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and EA on lifetime smoking. To assess if the PGS effects were specific to smoking or had broader implications, we repeated the analyses with measures of mental health. After subtracting EA effects from the smoking GWAS, the SNP-based heritability decreased from 9.2 to 7.2%. The genetic correlation between smoking and SES characteristics was reduced, whereas overlap with smoking traits was less affected by subtracting EA. The PGSs for smoking, EA, and smoking-without-EA all predicted smoking. For mental health, only the PGS for EA was a reliable predictor. There were suggestions for G × E for some relationships, but there were no clear patterns per PGS type. This study showed that the genetic architecture of smoking has an EA component in addition to other, possibly more direct components. PGSs based on EA and smoking-without-EA had distinct predictive profiles. This study shows how disentangling different models of genetic liability and interplay can contribute to our understanding of the etiology of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle A Pasman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, PO Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Perline A Demange
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute LEARN!, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A H M Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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A Comparative Analysis of Smoking Rates by Sex and Socioeconomic Status Among Ultra-Orthodox City Residents and Non-Ultra-Orthodox City Residents in Israel. CONTEMPORARY JEWRY 2022; 42:451-471. [PMID: 36105370 PMCID: PMC9463507 DOI: 10.1007/s12397-022-09459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the differences in smoking rates between ultra-Orthodox Jews and non-ultra-Orthodox Jews and to understand the role of sex and socioeconomic status (SES) in predicting smoking among the two populations. The study population included all Maccabi Healthcare Services members aged 50 or older (N = 30,170) who lived in two cities in the center of Israel: Bnei Brak-a city with a high concentration of ultra-Orthodox, and Ramat Gan-a non-ultra-Orthodox city. After adjusting for age, sex, and SES, the prevalence of smoking in the ultra-Orthodox city was significantly lower than that in the non-ultra-Orthodox city. A significant interaction was found between sex and degree of religiosity in predicting smoking. The smoking differences between men and women in the ultra-Orthodox city were high compared with those in the non-ultra-Orthodox city. Similarly, a significant interaction was found between SES and degree of religiosity in predicting smoking. These results in the effects of sex and SES in predicting smoking between ultra-Orthodox Jews and non-ultra-Orthodox Jews require further research to better understand these differences and plan intervention programs tailored to different populations accordingly.
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Xiao Q, Gierach GL, Bauer C, Blot WJ, James P, Jones RR. The Association between Outdoor Artificial Light at Night and Breast Cancer Risk in Black and White Women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:87701. [PMID: 34379524 PMCID: PMC8357036 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gretchen L. Gierach
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Cici Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Li CC, Chen YF, Liang J, Matthews AK, Barnes LL. Trajectories of Multiple Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Associations With Cognitive Function Trajectories Among Older African Americans and White Americans. J Aging Health 2021; 33:674-684. [PMID: 33788658 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211005905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined the joint trajectories of behavioral risk factors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and body mass index) and their associations with cognitive function trajectories among older African Americans and white Americans. Methods: Data from the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2014) were used. Group-based mixture modeling and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: Three joint trajectories of behavioral risk factors (overweight, smoking and drinking, and drinking and overweight) and three cognitive function trajectories (low, moderate, and high) were identified. A significantly higher percentage of African Americans were in the "overweight," "smoking and drinking," and "low" cognitive functioning groups as measured by the total cognition composite score compared to white Americans. After accounting for covariates, the "drinking and overweight" group was associated with the "moderate" or "high" cognitive functioning group. Discussion: Future interventions targeting the combinations of behavioral risk factors are needed to promote healthy aging among high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ching Li
- Department of Health Systems Management, 2461Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Center for Clinical Translational Science, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jersey Liang
- Department of Health Management and Policy, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia K Matthews
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, 14681University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, 2461Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Guindon GE, Fatima T, Abbat B, Bhons P, Garasia S. Area-level differences in the prices of tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery systems — A systematic review. Health Place 2020; 65:102395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Merkin SS, Karlamangla A, Roux AD, Shrager S, Watson K, Seeman T. Race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status and cardio-metabolic risk. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100634. [PMID: 32775593 PMCID: PMC7397689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and cardio-metabolic risk and whether this relationship differs by race/ethnicity. Methods Participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n = 5750), ages 45–84 years, from 6 US counties, including 5 examinations from 2000 to 2012. We calculated a modified allostatic load (AL) index, indicating cardio-metabolic risk. NSES score included census-derived measures at census tract of residence. Mixed effects growth curve models were used to assess linear and non-linear associations between NSES and AL at baseline and over time. Results Higher NSES was associated with lower AL across race/ethnic groups; considering NSES quintiles, significant associations were found only for the highest NSES quintiles (difference of -0.86 and -1.15 for white and Hispanic participants) vs. the lowest. We found no significant association between NSES and change in AL over time. Discussion Our findings suggest that the relationship between NSES and AL reflects the health benefits of living in the most advantaged neighborhoods. Public health implications Understanding the impact of higher NSES on health effects may help identify interventions to effectively target high risk neighborhoods. These findings confirm the association between high NSES and low AL; pattern is similar across race/ethnic groups. The relationship between NSES and AL reflects the health benefits of living in the most advantaged neighborhoods. Identifying neighborhood factors that impact health is crucial to effectively target high risk neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Stein Merkin
- Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1687, USA
| | - Arun Karlamangla
- Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1687, USA
| | - Ana Diez Roux
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, 3215 Market Street, Nesbitt Hall 2nd Floor, Room 255, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sandi Shrager
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, F-600, Health Sciences Building, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-7232, USA
| | - Karol Watson
- UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Cardiology, A7-118B CHS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Teresa Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1687, USA
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Reuben A, Sugden K, Arseneault L, Corcoran DL, Danese A, Fisher HL, Moffitt TE, Newbury JB, Odgers C, Prinz J, Rasmussen LJH, Williams B, Mill J, Caspi A. Association of Neighborhood Disadvantage in Childhood With DNA Methylation in Young Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e206095. [PMID: 32478847 PMCID: PMC7265095 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE DNA methylation has been proposed as an epigenetic mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment may have implications for the genome that compromise adult health. OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether childhood neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with differences in DNA methylation by age 18 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal cohort study analyzed data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of children born between 1994 and 1995 in England and Wales and followed up from age 5 to 18 years. Data analysis was performed from March 15, 2019, to June 30, 2019. EXPOSURES High-resolution neighborhood data (indexing deprivation, dilapidation, disconnection, and dangerousness) collected across childhood. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES DNA methylation in whole blood was drawn at age 18 years. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and methylation were tested using 3 prespecified approaches: (1) testing probes annotated to candidate genes involved in biological responses to growing up in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods and investigated in previous epigenetic research (stress reactivity-related and inflammation-related genes), (2) polyepigenetic scores indexing differential methylation in phenotypes associated with growing up in disadvantaged neighborhoods (obesity, inflammation, and smoking), and (3) a theory-free epigenome-wide association study. RESULTS A total of 1619 participants (806 female individuals [50%]) had complete neighborhood and DNA methylation data. Children raised in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods exhibited differential DNA methylation in genes involved in inflammation (β = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.06-0.19; P < .001) and smoking (β = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11-0.25; P < .001) but not obesity (β = 0.05; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.11; P = .12). An epigenome-wide association study identified multiple CpG sites at an arraywide significance level of P < 1.16 × 10-7 in genes involved in the metabolism of hydrocarbons. Associations between neighborhood disadvantage and methylation were small but robust to family-level socioeconomic factors and to individual-level tobacco smoking. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children raised in more socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods appeared to enter young adulthood epigenetically distinct from their less disadvantaged peers. This finding suggests that epigenetic regulation may be a mechanism by which the childhood neighborhood environment alters adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Corcoran
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Clinic for Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Fisher
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joanne B. Newbury
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Candice Odgers
- Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine
| | - Joey Prinz
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Line J. H. Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ben Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Cuevas Fernández FJ, Iglesias Girón MJ, Rodríguez Pérez MDC, Ortiz Simarro S, Cabrera de León A, Aguirre-Jaime A. [Evolution of Smoking According to Social Class in the Adult Population of the Canary Islands During 2000-2015: Follow-up of the CDC-Canary Cohort]. Aten Primaria 2020; 52:381-388. [PMID: 31272849 PMCID: PMC7256798 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo Conocer la evolución del consumo de tabaco en Canarias durante 2000-2015 según clase social. Emplazamiento Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias. Participantes Cohorte CDC-Canarias con cortes en 2000 (n = 6.729), 2008 (n = 6.171) y 2015 (n = 4.705). Mediciones principales Tabaquismo, sexo, edad y clase social. Resultados El consumo disminuyó un 6% (5-7%, p < 0,001) en general, siendo más acentuado en el periodo 2000-2008 (5%). La disminución fue mayor en hombres, aunque siguieron fumando más que las mujeres, con una prevalencia del 25% (24-26%) frente al 18% (17-19%, p < 0,001). Solo hubo una disminución del consumo en los grupos jóvenes (6% [3-5%]; p = 0,011) y de edades intermedias (7% [6-8%]; p < 0,001). En todas las clases sociales se observó una disminución similar, con mayor prevalencia de tabaquismo en la clase alta: 24% (23-25%) en 2015 (p < 0,001). Al valorar conjuntamente sexo, edad y clase social, los hombres más jóvenes y de edad intermedia presentaron los mayores descensos de consumo: 8% (7-9%) clase baja y alta, 10% (9-11%) clase media. En la clase social baja, las mujeres más jóvenes continúan fumando más (27%) aunque abandonaron más el consumo (14%), fenómeno que en las de clase media se produjo en edades intermedias. Conclusiones La evolución del consumo de tabaco en Canarias sigue un patrón similar al conjunto de España. El abandono del consumo de tabaco se ha frenado en el periodo 2008-2015, especialmente en hombres y en clases sociales medias y altas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Cuevas Fernández
- Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | | | - María Del Cristo Rodríguez Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Silvia Ortiz Simarro
- Dependencia de Sanidad, Subdelegación del Gobierno, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Antonio Cabrera de León
- Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Unidad de Investigación, Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Tenerife, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaime
- Instituto de Investigación en Cuidados, Iltre. Colegio de Enfermeros de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Europea de Canarias, La Orotava, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
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Sartor CE, Black AC. Profiles of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors and their Associations with Alcohol Use and Regular Smoking in Black Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:60-68. [PMID: 32440916 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to identify the clustering of substance use-related psychosocial risk and protective factors (subgroups) and the differential associations of those subgroups with current alcohol use and regular smoking among Black adults. METHODS Data were drawn from 4462 participants (29% Afro Caribbean, 71% African American; median age = 38; 63% female) in a nationally representative study of social, economic, and structural conditions and health in Black Americans. Latent classes, i.e., subgroups, were derived via latent profile analysis with 10 indicators representing social support and religious involvement (support); demands from family and religious community (demands); and socioeconomic and neighborhood factors and racial discrimination (adversity). Frequency of alcohol use and prevalence of regular smoking were compared across classes using regression analyses. RESULTS Four classes emerged: (1) high support, low demands and adversity; (2) high support and demands, low-moderate adversity; (3) low support and demands, low-moderate adversity; and (4) low support, high demands and adversity. Relative to Class 1, frequency of alcohol use and regular smoking prevalence were significantly higher only in Class 4. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate substantive variations in the clustering of substance use-related psychosocial risk and protective factors in Black adults. Furthermore, they suggest that neither the presence of high demands nor the absence of support alone differentiates likelihood of engaging in frequent alcohol use or regular smoking, but adverse experiences such as racial discrimination may be especially impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Anne C Black
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Adie Y, Kats DJ, Tlimat A, Perzynski A, Dalton J, Gunzler D, Tarabichi Y. Neighborhood Disadvantage and Lung Cancer Incidence in Ever-Smokers at a Safety Net Health-Care System: A Retrospective Study. Chest 2020; 157:1021-1029. [PMID: 31862438 PMCID: PMC7268431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhood circumstances have an influence on multiple health outcomes, but the association between neighborhood conditions and lung cancer incidence has not been studied in sufficient detail. The goal of this study was to understand whether neighborhood conditions are independently associated with lung cancer incidence in ever-smokers after adjusting for individual smoking exposure and other risk factors. METHODS A cohort of ever-smokers aged ≥ 55 years was assembled from 19 years of electronic health record data from our academic community health-care system. Patient demographic characteristics and other measures known to be associated with lung cancer were ascertained. Patient addresses at their index visit were geocoded to the census block group level to determine the area deprivation index (ADI), drawn from 5-year estimates from the American Community Survey. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was fit to assess the association between ADI and time to lung cancer diagnosis. Tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS The study included 19,867 male subjects and 21,748 female subjects. Fifty-three percent of the patients were white, 38% were black, and 5% were Hispanic. Of these, 1,149 developed lung cancer. After adjusting for known risk factors, patients residing in the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly increased incidence of lung cancer compared with those in the least disadvantaged areas (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% CI 1.07-1.55). CONCLUSIONS Census-derived estimates of neighborhood conditions have a powerful association with lung cancer incidence, even when adjusting for individual variables. Further research investigating the mechanisms that link neighborhood conditions to lung cancer is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Adie
- Center for Reducing Health Disparities, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Daniel J Kats
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Abdulhakim Tlimat
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Adam Perzynski
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jarrod Dalton
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Douglas Gunzler
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yasir Tarabichi
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH.
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Boing AF, Subramanian SV, Boing AC. Association between area-level education and the co-occurrence of behavior-related risk factors: a multilevel analysis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2019; 22:e190052. [PMID: 31826108 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720190052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the association of four different risk factors for chronic diseases and accumulation of these health behaviors with area-level education, regardless of individual-level characteristics in Brazil. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Southern Brazil including 1,720 adults in 2009/2010. The simultaneous occurrence of tobacco smoking, abusive drinking, unhealthy eating habits, and physical inactivity was investigated. Using multilevel models, we tested whether area-level education was associated with each risk factor and with the co-occurrence of them after controlling sociodemographic individual-level variables. RESULTS We observed a between-group variance of 7.79, 7.11, 6.84 and 1.08% for physical inactivity, problematic use of alcohol, unhealthy eating habits, and smoking, respectively. The between-group variance for the combination of four behaviors was 14.2%. Area-level education explained a significant proportion of the variance observed in physical inactivity and unhealthy eating habits. Residents of low educational level neighborhoods showed a 2.40 (95%CI 1.58 - 3.66) times higher chance of unhealthy eating and 1.78 (95%CI 1.19 - 2.67) times higher chance of physical inactivity. The likelihood of individuals with two or three/four risk factors was simultaneously higher among residents of low educational level neighborhoods. CONCLUSION Public policies should consider the area-level characteristics, including education to control risk factors for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernando Boing
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health - Boston, United States.,Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health - Boston, United States
| | - Alexandra Crispim Boing
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health - Boston, United States.,Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis (SC), Brazil
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17
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Immergluck LC, Leong T, Malhotra K, Parker TC, Ali F, Jerris RC, Rust GS. Geographic surveillance of community associated MRSA infections in children using electronic health record data. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:170. [PMID: 30777016 PMCID: PMC6378744 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community- associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) cause serious infections and rates continue to rise worldwide. Use of geocoded electronic health record (EHR) data to prevent spread of disease is limited in health service research. We demonstrate how geocoded EHR and spatial analyses can be used to identify risks for CA-MRSA in children, which are tied to place-based determinants and would not be uncovered using traditional EHR data analyses. METHODS An epidemiology study was conducted on children from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2010 who were treated for Staphylococcus aureus infections. A generalized estimated equations (GEE) model was developed and crude and adjusted odds ratios were based on S. aureus risks. We measured the risk of S. aureus as standardized incidence ratios (SIR) calculated within aggregated US 2010 Census tracts called spatially adaptive filters, and then created maps that differentiate the geographic patterns of antibiotic resistant and non-resistant forms of S. aureus. RESULTS CA-MRSA rates increased at higher rates compared to non-resistant forms, p = 0.01. Children with no or public health insurance had higher odds of CA-MRSA infection. Black children were almost 1.5 times as likely as white children to have CA-MRSA infections (aOR 95% CI 1.44,1.75, p < 0.0001); this finding persisted at the block group level (p < 0.001) along with household crowding (p < 0.001). The youngest category of age (< 4 years) also had increased risk for CA-MRSA (aOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.48, 1.83, p < 0.0001). CA-MRSA encompasses larger areas with higher SIRs compared to non-resistant forms and were found in block groups with higher proportion of blacks (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), younger age (r = 0.137, p < 0.001), and crowding (r = 0.320, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the Atlanta MSA, the risk for CA-MRSA is associated with neighborhood-level measures of racial composition, household crowding, and age of children. Neighborhoods which have higher proportion of blacks, household crowding, and children < 4 years of age are at greatest risk. Understanding spatial relationship at a community level and how it relates to risks for antibiotic resistant infections is important to combat the growing numbers and spread of such infections like CA-MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Cheng Immergluck
- Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA. .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Traci Leong
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Khusdeep Malhotra
- National Center for Primary Care, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Trisha Chan Parker
- Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Fatima Ali
- Department of Microbiology/Biochemistry/Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Research Center, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Robert C Jerris
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Pathology, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - George S Rust
- Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call St, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Cohen SS, Mumma MT, Ellis ED, Boice JD. Validating the use of census data on education as a measure of socioeconomic status in an occupational cohort. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 98:587-592. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1549758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John D. Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Sanderson M, Aldrich MC, Levine RS, Kilbourne B, Cai Q, Blot WJ. Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case-control study in the USA. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021059. [PMID: 30206077 PMCID: PMC6144393 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk. DESIGN Nested case-control study. SETTING Southern Community Cohort Study of persons residing in 12 states in the southeastern USA. PARTICIPANTS 1334 cases of lung cancer and 5315 controls. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Risk of lung cancer. RESULTS After adjustment for smoking status and other confounders, and additional adjustment for individual-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES), there was no monotonic increase in risk with worsening deprivation score overall or within sex and race groups. There was an increase among current and shorter term former smokers (p=0.04) but not among never and longer term former smokers. There was evidence of statistically significant interaction by sex among whites, but not blacks, in which the effect of worsening deprivation on lung cancer existed in males but not in females. CONCLUSIONS Area-level measures of SES were associated with lung cancer risk in current and shorter term former smokers only in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert S Levine
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara Kilbourne
- Department of Sociology, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Lundine JP, Harnish SM, McCauley RJ, Blackett DS, Zezinka A, Chen W, Fox RA. Adolescent Summaries of Narrative and Expository Discourse: Differences and Predictors. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2018; 49:551-568. [DOI: 10.1044/2018_lshss-17-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Summarizing expository passages is a critical academic skill that is understudied in language research. The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of verbal summaries produced by adolescents for 3 different discourse types and to determine whether a composite measure of cognitive skill or a test of expressive syntax predicted their performance.
Method
Fifty adolescents listened to, and then verbally summarized, 1 narrative and 2 expository lectures (compare–contrast and cause–effect). They also participated in testing that targeted expressive syntax and 5 cognitive subdomains.
Results
Summary quality scores were significantly different across discourse types, with a medium effect size. Analyses revealed significantly higher summary quality scores for cause–effect than compare–contrast summaries. Although the composite cognitive measure contributed significantly to the prediction of quality scores for both types of expository summaries, the expressive syntax score only contributed significantly to the quality scores for narrative summaries.
Conclusions
These results support previous research indicating that type of expository discourse may impact student performance. These results also show, for the first time, that cognition may play a predictive role in determining summary quality for expository but not narrative passages in this population. In addition, despite the more complex syntax commonly associated with exposition versus narratives, an expressive syntax score was only predictive of performance on narrative summaries. These findings provide new information, questions, and directions for future research for those who study academic discourse and for professionals who must identify and manage the problems of students struggling with different types of academic discourse.
Supplemental Material
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6167879
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P. Lundine
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Division of Clinical Therapies & Inpatient Rehabilitation Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Stacy M. Harnish
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | | | - Alexandra Zezinka
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Wei Chen
- Research Information Solutions and Innovation, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert A. Fox
- Department of Speech & Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus
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Saint-Jacques N, Brown P, Nauta L, Boxall J, Parker L, Dummer TJB. Estimating the risk of bladder and kidney cancer from exposure to low-levels of arsenic in drinking water, Nova Scotia, Canada. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 110:95-104. [PMID: 29089168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic in drinking water impacts health. Highest levels of arsenic have been historically observed in Taiwan and Bangladesh but the contaminant has been affecting the health of people globally. Strong associations have been confirmed between exposure to high-levels of arsenic in drinking water and a wide range of diseases, including cancer. However, at lower levels of exposure, especially near the current World Health Organization regulatory limit (10μg/L), this association is inconsistent as the effects are mostly extrapolated from high exposure studies. This ecological study used Bayesian inference to model the relative risk of bladder and kidney cancer at these lower concentrations-0-2μg/L; 2-5μg/L and; ≥5μg/L of arsenic-in 864 bladder and 525 kidney cancers diagnosed in the study area, Nova Scotia, Canada between 1998 and 2010. The model included proxy measures of lifestyle (e.g. smoking) and accounted for spatial dependencies. Overall, bladder cancer risk was 16% (2-5μg/L) and 18% (≥5μg/L) greater than that of the referent group (<2μg/L), with posterior probabilities of 88% and 93% for these risks being above 1. Effect sizes for kidney cancer were 5% (2-5μg/L) and 14% (≥5μg/L) above that of the referent group (<2μg/L), with probabilities of 61% and 84%. High-risk areas were common in southwestern areas, where higher arsenic-levels are associated with the local geology. The study suggests an increased bladder cancer, and potentially kidney cancer, risk from exposure to drinking water arsenic-levels within the current the World Health Organization maximum acceptable concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Nova Scotia Cancer Care Program, Nova Scotia Health Authority, 1276 South Park Street, Room 560 Bethune Building, Halifax B3H 2Y9, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Patrick Brown
- Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto M5B 1W8, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Laura Nauta
- Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - James Boxall
- GIS Centre Killam Library, Dalhousie University, 6225 University Avenue, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- The University of British Columbia, Centre for Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population and Public Health, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.
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Affuso O, Singleton CR, Brown SC, Perrino T, Huang S, Szapocznik J. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic environment and physical activity in Cuban immigrants. SSM Popul Health 2017; 2:130-135. [PMID: 28920072 PMCID: PMC5600286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major public health concern because it is a determinant of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Few longitudinal studies have examined the association between neighborhood socioeconomic (SES) environment and change in physical activity behaviors. Additionally, few studies have examined this association in immigrant groups or Hispanic subgroups such as Cubans. This research aimed to determine if neighborhood SES is associated with longitudinal change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among Cuban immigrants who participate in the Cuban Health Study in Miami, Florida. Data on 280 participants [mean age: 37.4 (±4.6), 48.9% women, mean body mass index: 25.0 (±2.5)] collected at baseline, 12 months and 24 months were analyzed. Minutes of MVPA were objectively measured during each data collection period using accelerometers. A neighborhood SES score was calculated for each participant’s residential census tract from American Community Survey data on median household income, median housing value, educational attainment and occupation. The neighborhood SES score was grouped into tertiles, reflecting low, moderate and high neighborhood SES environment. Multilevel linear models were used to examine the relationship between neighborhood SES and change in MVPA over 24 months. At baseline, 94 (33.6%), 108 (38.6%) and 78 (27.9%) participants resided in low, moderate, and high SES neighborhoods, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, no difference in average change in MVPA over time was observed between participants residing in low and moderate SES neighborhoods (p=0.48) or low and high SES neighborhoods (p=0.62). In Cuban immigrants, longitudinal change in MVPA may not vary by neighborhood socioeconomic environment. Objectively measured time spent in MVPA was calculated among new Cuban immigrant adults. Longitudinal associations between neighborhood SES and MVPA were assessed. Study participants, on average, increased their physical activity over two years. Multilevel modeling indicated that neighborhood SES and change in MVPA were not associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Affuso
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd., Suite 220, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA.,Nutrition & Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd., Suite 568, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Blvd., Room 966, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chelsea R Singleton
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W Roosevelt, Office 441, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Scott C Brown
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shi Huang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1020, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Wang X, Auchincloss AH, Barber S, Mayne SL, Griswold ME, Sims M, Diez Roux AV. Neighborhood social environment as risk factors to health behavior among African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study. Health Place 2017; 45:199-207. [PMID: 28475962 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have focused on the impact of neighborhood social environment on changes in smoking and alcohol use over time among African Americans. METHOD Jackson Heart Study participants were recruited from the Jackson, MS metropolitan area from 2000 to 2004. Neighborhood social environment was characterized using census-based neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) and survey-derived perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion, disorder, and violence. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of neighborhood social environment with prevalence of smoking and alcohol use and with changes in these behaviors over time adjusted for individual sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Participants (N=3166) resided in 108 census tracts. All neighborhood social environment variables were consistently associated with prevalence of current smoking at baseline (11%) and with persistence of smoking over a median of 8-years follow-up (8%). The odds of being a consistent smoker relative to never smoking was about 30% higher per 1SD higher neighborhood violence (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.46) and disorder (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.47) and at least 16% lower per 1SD higher in neighborhood social cohesion (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.95) and NSES (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95). Heavy alcohol use at baseline (17%) and consistent heavy use over the study period (8%) were negatively associated with higher NSES (aOR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99 per 1SD increase in NSES). CONCLUSION Favorable neighborhood social environments may reduce unhealthy behaviors among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sharrelle Barber
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Mayne
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center for Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Kelemen LE, Abbott S, Qin B, Peres LC, Moorman PG, Wallace K, Bandera EV, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Bondy M, Cartmell K, Cote ML, Funkhouser E, Paddock LE, Peters ES, Schwartz AG, Terry P, Alberg AJ, Schildkraut JM. Cigarette smoking and the association with serous ovarian cancer in African American women: African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES). Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:699-708. [PMID: 28466107 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for mucinous ovarian cancer (OvCa) in Caucasians. Whether a similar association exists in African Americans (AA) is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of incident OvCa in AA women across 11 geographic locations in the US. A structured telephone interview asked about smoking, demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were estimated from 613 cases and 752 controls using unconditional logistic regression in multivariable adjusted models. RESULTS Associations were greater in magnitude for serous OvCa than for all OvCa combined. Compared to never smokers, increased risk for serous OvCa was observed for lifetime ever smokers (1.46, 1.11-1.92), former smokers who quit within 0-2 years of diagnosis (5.48, 3.04-9.86), and for total pack-years smoked among lifetime ever smokers (0-5 pack-years: 1.79, 1.23-2.59; >5-20 pack-years: 1.52, 1.05-2.18; >20 pack-years: 0.98, 0.61-1.56); however, we observed no dose-response relationship with increasing duration or consumption and no significant associations among current smokers. Smoking was not significantly associated with mucinous OvCa. Associations for all OvCa combined were consistently elevated among former smokers. The proportion of ever smokers who quit within 0-2 years was greater among cases (23%) than controls (7%). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking may be associated with serous OvCa among AA, which differs from associations reported among Caucasians. Exposure misclassification or reverse causality may partially explain the absence of increased risk among current smokers and lack of dose-response associations. Better characterization of smoking patterns is needed in this understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Sarah Abbott
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren Cole Peres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Cartmell
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen Funkhouser
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa E Paddock
- Cancer Surveillance Research, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers School of Public Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul Terry
- Departments of Public Health and Surgery, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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25
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Lian M, Struthers J, Liu Y. Statistical Assessment of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation Environment in Spatial Epidemiologic Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:436-442. [PMID: 27413589 DOI: 10.4236/ojs.2016.63039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation has been associated with health behaviors and outcomes. However, neighborhood socioeconomic status has been measured inconsistently across studies. It remains unclear whether appropriate socioeconomic indicators vary over geographic areas and geographic levels. The aim of this study is to compare the composite socioeconomic index to six socioeconomic indicators reflecting different aspects of socioeconomic environment by both geographic areas and levels. Using 2000 U.S. Census data, we performed a multivariate common factor analysis to identify significant socioeconomic resources and constructed 12 composite indexes at the county, the census tract, and the block group levels across the nation and for three states, respectively. We assessed the agreement between composite indexes and single socioeconomic variables. The component of the composite index varied across geographic areas. At a specific geographic region, the component of the composite index was similar at the levels of census tracts and block groups but different from that at the county level. The percentage of population below federal poverty line was a significant contributor to the composite index, regardless of geographic areas and levels. Compared with non-component socioeconomic indicators, component variables were more agreeable to the composite index. Based on these findings, we conclude that a composite index is better as a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation than a single indicator, and it should be constructed on an area- and unit-specific basis to accurately identify and quantify small-area socioeconomic inequalities over a specific study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lian
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Struthers
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Saint-Jacques N, Lee JSW, Brown P, Stafford J, Parker L, Dummer TJB. Small-area spatio-temporal analyses of bladder and kidney cancer risk in Nova Scotia, Canada. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:175. [PMID: 26895703 PMCID: PMC4761137 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder and kidney cancers are the ninth and twelfth most common type of cancer worldwide, respectively. Internationally, rates vary ten-fold, with several countries showing rising incidence. This study describes the spatial and spatio-temporal variations in the incidence risk of these diseases for Nova Scotia, a province located in Atlantic Canada, where rates for bladder and kidney cancer exceed those of the national average by about 25% and 35%, respectively. METHODS Cancer incidence in the 311 Communities of Nova-Scotia was analyzed with a spatial autoregressive model for the case counts of bladder and kidney cancers (3,232 and 2,143 total cases, respectively), accounting for each Community's population and including variables known to influence risk. A spatially-continuous analysis, using a geostatistical Local Expectation-Maximization smoothing algorithm, modeled finer-scale spatial variation in risk for south-western Nova Scotia (1,810 bladder and 957 kidney cases) and Cape Breton (1,101 bladder, 703 kidney). RESULTS Evidence of spatial variations in the risk of bladder and kidney cancer was demonstrated using both aggregated Community-level mapping and continuous-grid based localized mapping; and these were generally stable over time. The Community-level analysis suggested that much of this heterogeneity was not accounted for by known explanatory variables. There appears to be a north-east to south-west increasing gradient with a number of south-western Communities have risk of bladder or kidney cancer more than 10% above the provincial average. Kidney cancer risk was also elevated in various northeastern communities. Over a 12 year period this exceedance translated in an excess of 200 cases. Patterns of variations in risk obtained from the spatially continuous smoothing analysis generally mirrored those from the Community-level autoregressive model, although these more localized risk estimates resulted in a larger spatial extent for which risk is likely to be elevated. CONCLUSIONS Modelling the spatio-temporal distribution of disease risk enabled the quantification of risk relative to expected background levels and the identification of high risk areas. It also permitted the determination of the relative stability of the observed patterns over time and in this study, pointed to excess risk potentially driven by exposure to risk factors that act in a sustained manner over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- />Cancer Care Nova Scotia, Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, Room 560 Bethune Building, 1276 South Street, Halifax, B3H 2Y9 NS Canada
- />Interdisciplinary PhD program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Room 314, PO Box 15000, Halifax, B3H 4R2 NS Canada
| | - Jonathan S. W. Lee
- />Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3G3 ON Canada
- />Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2 L7 ON Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- />Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3G3 ON Canada
- />Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2 L7 ON Canada
| | - Jamie Stafford
- />Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, 100 St. George St., Toronto, M5S 3G3 ON Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- />Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, B3H 4R2 NS Canada
| | - Trevor J. B. Dummer
- />The University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 BC Canada
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27
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Castro Y, Heck K, Forster JL, Widome R, Cubbin C. Social and Environmental Factors Related to Smoking Cessation among Mothers: Findings from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) Study. Am J Health Behav 2015; 39:809-22. [PMID: 26450549 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.39.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined associations between race/ethnicity and psychosocial/environmental factors with current smoking status, and whether psychosocial/environmental factors accounted for racial differences in smoking status in a population-based sample of mothers in California. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 542 women with a history of smoking were used. Analyses adjusted for age, partner status, and educational attainment. RESULTS In models adjusted for sociodemographics, black women had significantly lower odds, and Latina immigrants had significantly higher odds of being a former smoker compared to white women. Persons smoking in the home, having a majority of friends who smoke, having perceptions of their neighborhood as being somewhat or very unsafe, and experiencing food insecurity were associated with decreased odds of being a former smoker. When these variables were entered into a single model, only being a Latina immigrant and having a majority of friends who smoke were significantly associated with smoking status. CONCLUSIONS Black women demonstrated a notable disparity compared with white women in smoking status, accounted for by psychosocial/environmental factors. Immigrant Latinas demonstrated notable success in ever quitting smoking. Social networks may be important barriers to smoking cessation among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessenia Castro
- University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Heck
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean L Forster
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Cubbin
- University of Texas at Austin, School of Social Work, Austin, TX, USA.
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28
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Liu H, Johnson RM. Racial/ethnic differences in associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, distress, and smoking among U.S. adults. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2015; 15:73-91. [PMID: 26115317 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2014.1002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood disadvantage may increase smoking by increasing distress, while neighborhood affluence may reduce smoking by increasing positive affect. We examined whether relationships between neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and daily smoking operated through distress and positive affect. Simultaneous multivariate path models used pooled cross-sectional data from the 2000 and 2005 National Alcohol Surveys (15,963 respondents; weighted N = 10,753) and the 2000 Decennial Census. Multiple groups analysis assessed differences by gender and race/ethnicity. Covariates included neighborhood immigrant concentration and individual-level demographics. In the full sample, neighborhood disadvantage significantly increased smoking and neighborhood affluence significantly decreased smoking, with no indirect paths through either distress or positive affect. Unique among Hispanics, affluence resulted in decreased smoking indirectly through reduced distress. Relationships between affect and smoking also varied by race/ethnicity, with no significant differences by gender. Interventions targeting neighborhood socioeconomic status and distress may help reduce smoking, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiguo Liu
- a Public Health Institute , Emeryville , California
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29
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Muilenburg JL, Laschober TC, Eby LT. Relationship between Low-Income Patient Census and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs' Availability of Tobacco Cessation Services. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2015; 45:69-79. [PMID: 25530629 PMCID: PMC4266556 DOI: 10.1177/0022042614552020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low income adults with substance use disorders (SUDs) have a high prevalence of tobacco use and often limited access to tobacco cessation treatment. This study examines the relationship between low-income SUD patient census (i.e., percentage of patients whose treatment costs are covered by Medicaid and Federal block grants) and SUD programs' availability of three evidence-based tobacco cessation services: behavioral treatments, system-level support, and pharmacotherapy. Data were collected from a random sample of 1,006 program administrators in 2010. Mixed-effects models results show that the percentage of low-income patients is significantly positively associated with the availability of behavioral treatments and system-level support but not pharmacotherapy. Thus, low-income patients may have similar access to tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy but greater access to behavioral treatments and system-level support. However, the availability of tobacco cessation services is not widespread overall, which may hamper access to extensive services to address low-income SUD patients' high smoking rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Muilenburg
- University of Georgia, 322 Psychology Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA, Phone: 706-542-4365, Fax: 706-542-4956
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior
| | - Tanja C. Laschober
- University of Georgia, 322 Psychology Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA, Phone: 706-542-4365, Fax: 706-542-4956
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research
| | - Lillian T. Eby
- University of Georgia, 322 Psychology Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA, Phone: 706-542-4365, Fax: 706-542-4956
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research
- Industrial-Organizational Psychology Program
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30
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Andrews JO, Mueller M, Newman SD, Magwood G, Ahluwalia JS, White K, Tingen MS. The association of individual and neighborhood social cohesion, stressors, and crime on smoking status among African-American women in southeastern US subsidized housing neighborhoods. J Urban Health 2014; 91:1158-74. [PMID: 25316192 PMCID: PMC4242849 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-014-9911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between individual and neighborhood social contextual factors and smoking prevalence among African-American women in subsidized neighborhoods. We randomly sampled 663 adult women in 17 subsidized neighborhoods in two Southeastern US states. The smoking prevalence among participants was 37.6%, with an estimated neighborhood household prevalence ranging from 30 to 68%. Smokers were more likely to be older, have lower incomes, have lower BMI, and live with other smokers. Women with high social cohesion were less likely to smoke, although living in neighborhoods with higher social cohesion was not associated with smoking prevalence. Women with higher social cohesion were more likely to be older and had lived in the neighborhood longer. Women with high stress (related to violence and disorder) and who lived in neighborhoods with higher stress were more likely to smoke. Younger women were more likely to have higher stress than older women. There were no statistically significant associations with objective neighborhood crime data in any model. This is the first study to examine both individual and neighborhood social contextual correlates among African-American women in subsidized neighborhoods. This study extends findings about smoking behaviors and neighborhood social contexts in this high-risk, urban population. Future research is needed to explore age and residential stability differences and perceptions of social cohesion, neighborhood disorder, and perceived violence in subsidized housing. Further research is also warranted on African-American women, subsidized housing, smoking, social context, health disparities' effective strategies to address these individual and contextual factors to better inform future ecological-based multilevel prevention, and cessation intervention strategies.
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31
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Neighborhood contextual factors for smoking among middle-aged Japanese: a multilevel analysis. Health Place 2014; 31:17-23. [PMID: 25463913 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore neighborhood contextual factors in terms of smoking behaviors among middle-aged Japanese, by using a multilevel analysis. Subjects were Japanese men and women, between 40 and 59 years of age (40,961 for the cross-sectional analysis, and 9,177 for the longitudinal analysis), nested in 39 neighborhoods (Kyuson). The results showed that women in a less residentially stable neighborhood were more likely to be smokers. No associations were seen between current smoking and neighborhood deprivation; however, women in the most deprived neighborhood were more likely to quit smoking. This study is the first to demonstrate the associations between neighborhood environment and current smoking or smoking cessation, in a Japanese setting. The findings imply that policy makers should consider targeting neighborhood conditions in order to help reduce smoking prevalence, especially among women.
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32
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Fleischer NL, Thrasher JF, Sáenz de Miera Juárez B, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Arillo-Santillán E, Osman A, Siahpush M, Fong GT. Neighbourhood deprivation and smoking and quit behaviour among smokers in Mexico: findings from the ITC Mexico Survey. Tob Control 2014; 24 Suppl 3:iii56-iii63. [PMID: 25170022 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries (HICs), higher neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with higher levels of smoking. Few studies in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have investigated the role of the neighbourhood environment on smoking behaviour. OBJECTIVE To determine whether neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is related to smoking intensity, quit attempts, quit success and smoking relapse among a cohort of smokers in Mexico from 2010 to 2012. METHODS Data were analysed from adult smokers and recent ex-smokers who participated in waves 4-6 of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Mexico Survey. Data were linked to the Mexican government's composite index of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, which is based on 2010 Mexican Census data. We used generalised estimating equations to determine associations between neighbourhood deprivation and individual smoking behaviours. FINDINGS Contrary to past findings in HICs, higher neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation was associated with lower smoking intensity. Quit attempts showed a U-shaped pattern whereby smokers living in high/very high deprivation neighbourhoods and smokers living in very low deprivation neighbourhoods were more likely to make a quit attempt than smokers living in other neighbourhoods. We did not find significant differences in neighbourhood deprivation on relapse or successful quitting, with the possible exception of people living in medium-deprivation neighbourhoods having a higher likelihood of successful quitting than people living in very low deprivation neighbourhoods (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Neighbourhood socioeconomic environments in Mexico appear to operate in an opposing manner to those in HICs. Further research should investigate whether rapid implementation of strong tobacco control policies in LMICs, as occurred in Mexico during the follow-up period, avoids the concentration of tobacco-related disparities among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | | | - Edna Arillo-Santillán
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Amira Osman
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammad Siahpush
- Department of Health Promotion, Social and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada School of Public health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Smoking initiation, continuation and prevalence in deprived urban areas compared to non-deprived urban areas in The Netherlands. Soc Sci Med 2013; 87:132-7. [PMID: 23631788 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that smoking prevalence is higher in deprived areas than in affluent areas. We aimed to determine whether smoking initiation or continuation contributes most to inequalities in current smoking, and in which population subgroups these area differences were largest. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between area deprivation and current smoking, initiation and continuation in urban areas, in subgroups defined by gender, generation and educational level. Cross-sectional data of 20,603 Dutch adults (18 years and over) living in 963 urban areas in The Netherlands were obtained from the annual national health survey (2003-2009). Three interrelated smoking outcomes were used: current smoking (smokers/total population), initiation (ever-smokers/total population) and continuation (smokers/ever-smokers). Area deprivation was dichotomised; deprived urban areas (as defined by the Dutch government) and non-deprived urban areas (reference group) were distinguished. Multilevel logistic regression models controlled for individual characteristics (including education and income) and tested for interaction with gender, generation and education. After controlling for individual characteristics, odds for smoking were not significantly higher in deprived areas (current smoking: OR = 1.04 [0.92-1.18], initiation: OR = 1.05 [0.93-1.18], continuation: OR = 1.03 [0.88-1.19]). For smoking initiation, significant differences between deprived areas and other areas remained in younger generations (OR = 1.19 [1.02-1.38]) and higher educated (OR = 1.23 [1.04-1.45]) respondents. For continuation and current smoking, after controlling for individual characteristics, no associations were found in any subgroups. In conclusion, area deprivation appears to be independently related to smoking initiation in, respectively, higher educated and younger generations. These results suggest that initiatives to reduce area-level inequalities in smoking should focus on preventing smoking initiation in deprived areas.
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Sorensen G, Allen JD, Adamkiewicz G, Yang M, Tamers SL, Stoddard AM. Intention to quit smoking and concerns about household environmental risks: findings from the Health in Common Study in low-income housing. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:805-11. [PMID: 23334887 PMCID: PMC3602321 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association between intention to quit smoking and perceptions of household environmental risks among racially/ethnically diverse residents of low-income housing. METHODS Baseline data were collected from 2007 to 2009 for the Health in Common Study, which assessed social and physical determinants of cancer risk-related behaviors among residents of 20 low-income housing developments in the Greater Boston metropolitan area. Participants were surveyed about their tobacco use and concerns about household exposures. Household environmental inspections were also conducted to identify conditions associated with increased risk of exposure to indoor environmental agents, including pesticides, mold, and cleaning products. RESULTS Intention to quit smoking was associated with a greater degree of concern about exposures in the home, yet not with the actual presence of household hazards, as identified by home inspections and survey findings. CONCLUSIONS An ecological approach targeting multiple levels of influence may help to highlight the importance of both quitting tobacco and reducing potential household environmental exposures as part of comprehensive efforts to promote individual and household health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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