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Yaginuma-Sakurai K, Saito C, Kasahara Y, Tsuno K, Yoshimasu K, Tatsuta N, Goto M, Nakai K. Work engagement and associated factors among Japanese registered dietitians and dietitians: a cross-sectional study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2024; 62:161-169. [PMID: 38044122 PMCID: PMC11170080 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2023-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare services provided by registered dietitians and dietitians have been changing because of evolving lifestyles and population dynamics, leading to subsequent changes in the occupational status and experiences of these professionals. However, few studies have examined occupational stress among registered dietitians and dietitians. This study involved a cross-sectional survey to investigate the status and associated factors of work engagement among registered dietitians and dietitians, whose professions differ based on licensing processes and scope of work. A total of 3,593 questionnaires were distributed, 1,890 responses were received, and 1,654 valid questionnaires were analyzed. Work engagement was measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between work engagement and each factor. The work engagement scores of dietitians were significantly lower than those of registered dietitians. Further, work engagement was associated with age, workplace, coworker support, and effort-reward ratio for both registered dietitians and dietitians. However, exercise habit was a significant factor associated with work engagement only among dietitians. Work engagement among registered dietitians was comparable to that of typical Japanese workers, whereas it was lower among dietitians. The findings highlight the importance of considering associated factors to improve work engagement further, especially among dietitians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Yaginuma-Sakurai
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition, College of Human Health and Nutrition, Shokei Gakuin University, Japan
| | - Chotoku Saito
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kasahara
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshimasu
- Department of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, School of Human Sciences, Kobe College, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Miki Goto
- Department of Nutrition Science, Sendai Seiyo Gakuin College, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- School of Sport and Health Science, Tokai Gakuen University, Japan
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Saalfield J, Haag B. Alcohol Use Amongst Rural Adolescents and Young Adults: A Brief Review of the Literature. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241251460. [PMID: 38670573 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241251460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The sociodevelopmental periods of adolescence and young adulthood are rife with alcohol use. However, much of the literature demonstrating this comes from 'traditional' settings and college campuses (i.e., large suburban/urban campuses, or those containing their own infrastructure). Alcohol culture in rural areas has largely been understudied, which may be problematic given the unique stressors they face (e.g., economic hardship, lack of social activities, healthcare inequality). There has also been difficulty both within and across fields classifying rural versus urban geographical locations; no distinct system used broadly, making ittrea difficult to generalize and accurately collect data. The geographic categorizations are often viewed as homogenous identifiers; however, diversity occurs both within and outside of these classification systems. It appears that rurality may be a risk factor for increased drinking both earlier and later in life, but the research has failed to extend to the formative college years. This short review has two main focuses: attempting to disentangle the definition of rurality and reviewing the literature regarding alcohol use in rural areas, with a specific focus on adolescents and young adults. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for substance use in rural areas is a crucial component of prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saalfield
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
| | - Bethany Haag
- Deparatement of Psychology, Penn State Schuylkill, Schuylkill Haven, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State, University Park, PA, USA
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Fujiwara G, Okada Y, Shiomi N, Sakakibara T, Yamaki T, Hashimoto N. Derivation of Coagulation Phenotypes and the Association with Prognosis in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cluster Analysis of Nationwide Multicenter Study. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:292-302. [PMID: 36977962 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of traumatic coagulopathy during traumatic brain injury is not well understood, and the appropriate treatment strategy for this condition has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation phenotypes and their effect on prognosis in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury. METHODS In this multicenter cohort study, we retrospectively analyzed data from the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank. Adults with isolated traumatic brain injury (head abbreviated injury scale > 2; abbreviated injury scale of any other trauma < 3) who were registered in the Japan Neurotrauma Data Bank were included in this study. The primary outcome was the association of coagulation phenotypes with in-hospital mortality. Coagulation phenotypes were derived using k-means clustering with coagulation markers, including prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FBG), and D-dimer (DD) on arrival at the hospital. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratios of coagulation phenotypes with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for in-hospital mortality. RESULTS In total, 556 patients were enrolled and five coagulation phenotypes were identified. The median (interquartile range) score for the Glasgow Coma Scale was 6 (4-9). Cluster A (n = 129) had the closest to normal coagulation values; cluster B (n = 323) had a mild high DD phenotype; cluster C (n = 30) had a prolonged PT-INR phenotype with a higher frequency of antithrombotic medication in elderly patients than in younger patients; cluster D (n = 45) had a low amount of FBG, high DD, and prolonged APTT phenotype with a high incidence of skull fracture; and cluster E (n = 29) had a low amount of FBG and extremely high DD phenotype with high energy trauma and a high incidence of skull fracture. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the association of clusters B, C, D, and E with in-hospital mortality yielded the corresponding adjusted odds ratios of 2.17 (95% CI 1.22-3.86), 2.61 (95% CI 1.01-6.72), 10.0 (95% CI 4.00-25.2), and 24.1 (95% CI 7.12-81.3), respectively, relative to cluster A. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter, observational study identified five different coagulation phenotypes of traumatic brain injury and showed associations of these phenotypes with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Fujiwara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Imperial Gift Foundation Inc, 2-4-1, Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Preventive Services, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Shiomi
- Department of Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ritto, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Tarumi Yamaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Kujo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Deloria R, Kivisto AJ, Swier-Vosnos A, Elwood L. Optimal per test cutoff scores and combinations of failure on multiple embedded performance validity tests in detecting performance invalidity in a mixed clinical sample. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023; 30:716-726. [PMID: 34528833 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1973005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We tested the usefulness of six embedded performance validity tests (EPVTs) in identifying performance invalidity in a mixed clinical sample. Using a retrospective design, 181 adults were classified as valid (n = 146) or invalid (n = 35) performance based upon their performance on one of three standalone PVTs (Test of Memory Malingering, Victoria Symptom Validity Test, Dot Counting Test). Multiple cutoffs were identified corresponding to predetermined false positive rates of 0, 5, 10, and 15% for each of six EPVTs. EPVT cutoffs corresponding to the predetermined false positive benchmarks were generally more conservative than currently established scores. Sensitivity was low (.0%-42.9%) for individual EPVTs across these cutoffs and was moderately improved by the combination of multiple EPVT failures. The optimal number of EPVT failures using the 10% false positive rate was ≥ 2. Although the overall classification accuracy of 80.7% and specificity of 89.0% were comparable to prior research, the sensitivity of 45.7% was more modest than previous estimates. Low sensitivities indicate that this combination of EPVTs failed to detect a majority of invalid performers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Deloria
- Graduate Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Aaron J Kivisto
- Graduate Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Lisa Elwood
- Graduate Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R, Bendezu-Quispe G. Binge drinking and suicidal ideation in Peruvian adolescents: Evidence from a pooled cross-sectional survey. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:321-326. [PMID: 37567347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking and suicidal ideation are public health problems that have consequences on the well-being of Peruvian adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between binge drinking and suicidal ideation in Peruvian adolescents. METHODS A secondary data analysis of the health questionnaire of the Demographic and Family Health Surveys from 2013 to 2019 was performed. The outcome variable was suicidal ideation in the last 14 days, assessed with one of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) questions, while the independent variable was binge drinking in the last 30 days. Generalized linear models of the Poisson family with logarithmic link (crude and adjusted) were used to assess the association of interest. RESULTS Data from a total of 11,609 participants were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 7.8-9.2), and that of binge drinking was 5.8 % (95 % CI: 5.2-6.5). An association was found between binge drinking and suicidal ideation in the adjusted analysis (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.95; 95 % CI: 1.69-3.09). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study does not allow for establishing a causal relationship. CONCLUSIONS Between 2013 and 2019, nine out of every 100 Peruvian adolescents had suicidal ideation, and six out of every 100 adolescents had binge drinking. An association was found between both risk behaviors in Peruvian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Guido Bendezu-Quispe
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.
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Gregg E, Beggs C, Bissas A, Nicholson G. A machine learning approach to identify important variables for distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers in older women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293729. [PMID: 37906588 PMCID: PMC10617741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Falls are a significant ongoing public health concern for older adults. At present, few studies have concurrently explored the influence of multiple measures when seeking to determine which variables are most predictive of fall risks. As such, this cross-sectional study aimed to identify those functional variables (i.e. balance, gait and clinical measures) and physical characteristics (i.e. strength and body composition) that could best distinguish between older female fallers and non-fallers, using a machine learning approach. Overall, 60 community-dwelling older women (≥65 years), retrospectively classified as fallers (n = 21) or non-fallers (n = 39), attended three data collection sessions. Data (281 variables) collected from tests in five separate domains (balance, gait, clinical measures, strength and body composition) were analysed using random forest (RF) and leave-one-variable-out partial least squares correlation analysis (LOVO PLSCA) to assess variable importance. The strongest discriminators from each domain were then aggregated into a multi-domain dataset, and RF, LOVO PLSCA, and logistic regression models were constructed to identify the important variables in distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers. These models were used to classify participants as either fallers or non-fallers, with their performance evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The study found that it is possible to classify fallers and non-fallers with a high degree of accuracy (e.g. logistic regression: sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 87%; AUC = 0.92; leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy = 63%) using a combination of 18 variables from four domains, with the gait and strength domains being particularly informative for screening programmes aimed at assessing falls risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Gregg
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- York Health Economics Consortium, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Beggs
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Athanassios Bissas
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Nicholson
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Kelly C, Major E, Durcan M, O'Donovan D, McNamara Á. Adolescent binge drinking in the West of Ireland: associated risk and protective factors. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1064. [PMID: 37277777 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adolescence is when alcohol use typically begins. Harmful patterns of alcohol consumption, such as binge drinking, may emerge during adolescence and become established. This study aimed to examine potential risk and protective factors for binge drinking among 15-16-year-old adolescents in the West of Ireland. METHODS This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of 4473 participants from the Planet Youth 2020 Survey. The outcome was ever binge drinking, defined as ever consumption of five or more drinks in a two-hour period or less. Independent variables were selected a priori following review of peer-reviewed literature and were grouped as individual, parents and family, peer group, school, leisure time and local community factors. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS version 27. Differences in medians and means for continuous variables were examined using the Mann-Whitney U test and Independent Samples t-test respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between potential risk and protective factors and ever binge drinking. A p-value of < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS The prevalence of ever binge drinking was 34.1%. Self-rated 'bad/very bad' mental health (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.61, 95% CI 1.26-2.06, p < 0.001), current cigarette use (aOR 4.06, 95% CI 3.01-5.47, p < 0.001) and current cannabis use (aOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.80-4.31, p < 0.001) increased odds of ever binge drinking. Parental supervision (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.88, p < 0.001) and negative parental reaction to adolescent drunkenness (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42-0.61, p < 0.001) reduced odds of ever binge drinking. Getting alcohol from parents increased odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.42-2.25, p < 0.001). Adolescents with friends who drink alcohol had almost five times higher odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 4.59, 95% CI 2.65-7.94, p < 0.001). Participating in team/club sports also increased odds of ever binge drinking (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.07-1.57, p = 0.008 for 1-4 times/week, aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.07-2.16, p = 0.020 for ≥ 5 times/week). CONCLUSION This study identifies individual and social environment factors associated with adolescent binge drinking in the West of Ireland. This can inform intersectoral action to protect adolescents from alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Kelly
- PricewaterhouseCoopers Ireland, 1 North Wall Quay, North Dock, Dublin 1, Ireland
- Department of Public Health West, Health Service Executive, Merlin Park, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emmet Major
- Western Region Drug & Alcohol Task Force, Galway Roscommon Education Training Board, Parkmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michéal Durcan
- Western Region Drug & Alcohol Task Force, Health Service Executive, Parkmore, Galway, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid O'Donovan
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University, Belfast, BT97BL, UK.
| | - Áine McNamara
- Department of Public Health West, Health Service Executive, Merlin Park, Galway, Ireland
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Abe T, Okuyama K, Kamada M, Kitayuguchi J, Hamano T, Waki H, Nabika T, Isomura M, Sundquist K. Association between flexibility activity and blood-pressure change among older adults in Japan: A 5-year longitudinal study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 37167066 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the relationship between flexibility-activity and blood-pressure (BP) change among older adults in Japan. Our study included 452 older adults who took part in our survey in both 2012/2013 and 2017/2018. The seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured both at baseline and at the 5 years follow-up. The frequencies of the different physical activities at baseline were assessed using a questionnaire. A generalized linear mixed model was used to estimate the non-standardized coefficient (B) of BP change associated with flexibility activity, after adjustments for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, antihypertensive medication use, history of heart disease, walking time, and muscle-strengthening activity as a fixed-effect, and area of residence as a random-effect. Higher flexibility-activity frequency was significantly associated with reduced SBP (B = -0.77 [95% confidence intervals = -1.36, -0.18], p for linear trend = 0.01, p for quadratic trend = 0.85) and DBP (-0.33 [-0.71, 0.05], p for linear trend = 0.09, p for quadratic trend = 0.04). Engaging in flexibility activity for 5 days per week was significantly associated with a reduction in DBP (B = -4.16, 95% CI [-7.53, -0.79], p = 0.02) compared with that in the reference group (0 days per week). Interaction tests were not significant between basic variables (sex, age, BMI, and antihypertensive medication) and flexibility. In conclusion, higher flexibility activity frequency was associated with a reduction in BP in older adults. Future longitudinal and interventional studies should examine the effects of flexibility activity on cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kitayuguchi
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN, Unnan, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kim EM, Kim H. Multilevel Factors Associated With Lifetime, Current, and Binge Drinking Among Korean Adolescents Based on the Ecological Model. J Addict Nurs 2023; 34:135-145. [PMID: 37276203 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drinking usually begins in adolescence and is a major public health concern. Few studies have identified multilevel factors considering the frequency and amount of drinking among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the multilevel factors associated with lifetime, current, and binge drinking among Korean adolescents based on the ecological model. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the 2018 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 60,040). Hierarchal multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using complex sample data. RESULTS Overall, 15,030 (25.4%), 4,629 (8.0%), and 5,038 (8.9%) subjects were involved in lifetime, current, and binge drinking, respectively. The following multilevel factors revealed significant associations with lifetime, current, and binge drinking: boys, high school students, depression, suicidal ideation at individual level, family acceptance of alcohol use, poor household economic status at family level, poor academic achievement, not receiving education on alcohol use at school level, possible alcohol access, and harm caused by drinkers at social level (all ps < .01). The main risk factors were family acceptance of alcohol use (lifetime, current, and binge drinking vs. OR = 3.95, 6.88, and 5.46, respectively) and possible alcohol access (OR = 5.65, 19.78, and 93.62). DISCUSSION This study revealed multilevel factors associated with lifetime, current, and binge drinking. School nurses and community leaders are necessary to develop customized drinking prevention programs considering drinking frequency and amount, and individual, family, school, and social factors. Especially, the implementation of a drinking prevention program that reduces family acceptance of alcohol use and access to alcohol could be an effective strategy.
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Mmereki B, Mathibe M, Cele L, Modjadji P. Risk factors for alcohol use among adolescents: The context of township high schools in Tshwane, South Africa. Front Public Health 2022; 10:969053. [PMID: 36339189 PMCID: PMC9627494 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.969053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk factors for alcohol use originate from many interconnected factors to an interplay of social and physical environments. However, there is a scarcity of data on the contextual risk factors of alcohol use among the adolescents regarding high schools located in townships in South Africa. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for alcohol use among adolescents attending selected township high schools in Tshwane, South Africa. Method A validated researcher-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on the demographics, as well as current alcohol use, types, quantity, and frequency among adolescents (n = 403) in the three high schools. Data were analyzed using STATA 17. Results The response rate was 97%, with the mean age of 16 ± 2 years for the adolescents. Forty-eight % (48%) of the adolescents reported current alcohol use, which was associated with sex, age, number of children, school grade, repeated grade, spare time job and types, having a pocket money to school, child social grant, transport mode to school, and smoking. The odds of current alcohol use were higher for adolescents in grade 10 [AOR = 6.71; 95% CI: 3.16-14.24], grade 11 [AOR = 4.45; 95% CI: 2.21], grade 12 [AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.47-6.31], repeating a grade [AOR =2 .20; 95% CI: 1.32-3.67), and working during a spare time [AOR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.33-6.37]. Both sexes had higher odds of alcohol use in the ages of 15-17 and 18-21 years, than adolescents aged 13-14 years. Conclusion Key risk factors for alcohol use among learners were sex, age, school grade, repeated grade, and working during a spare time. More evidence-based interventions that would have a greater impact in addressing alcohol use among adolescents, such as focusing on availability, marketing, and taxation of alcoholic beverages, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonolo Mmereki
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Mmampedi Mathibe
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Lindiwe Cele
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Care Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Tube–Iris Distance and Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage Following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175057. [PMID: 36078987 PMCID: PMC9456630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most significant factor for endothelial cell loss should be readily identified, since prevention is the most crucial treatment. Here, we investigate risk factors for corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) decline following Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation and determine the optimal cut-off values. This study included 103 eyes (95 patients) with glaucoma that underwent AGV implantation between January 2006 and January 2021 at a single medical center (Severance Hospital). We conducted consecutive t-tests between two groups separated by the ECD change rate to determine the survival state of the enrolled patients. Associations were evaluated using univariable and multivariable linear regressions. Optimal cut-off values for identified risk factors were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on logistic regression. Mean follow-up duration was 4.09 ± 2.20 years. After implementing consecutive t-tests, only patients with an ECD change rate greater than −6.1%/year were considered to have survived. Tube–iris distance (TID) was the only statistically significant factor identified in both the univariable and multivariable linear regressions. The cut-off value determined from the consecutive Cox regression method was 0.33 mm (smallest p-value of 0.0087), and the cut-off value determined from the ROC method was 0.371 mm (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.662). Patients with short TIDs showed a better ECD prognosis following AGV surgery; we suggest optimal TID cut-off values of 0.33 mm and 0.371 mm based on the implemented Cox regression and ROC methodology, respectively.
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Assessing the impact of long-term exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants on COVID-19 spatial spread and related mortality in 107 Italian provinces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13317. [PMID: 35922645 PMCID: PMC9349267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the air quality in 107 Italian provinces in the period 2014-2019 and the association between exposure to nine outdoor air pollutants and the COVID-19 spread and related mortality in the same areas. The methods used were negative binomial (NB) regression, ordinary least squares (OLS) model, and spatial autoregressive (SAR) model. The results showed that (i) common air pollutants-nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10)-were highly and positively correlated with large firms, energy and gas consumption, public transports, and livestock sector; (ii) long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, PM10, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and cadmium (Cd) was positively and significantly correlated with the spread of COVID-19; and (iii) long-term exposure to NO2, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and arsenic (As) was positively and significantly correlated with COVID-19 related mortality. Specifically, particulate matter and Cd showed the most adverse effect on COVID-19 prevalence; while particulate matter and As showed the largest dangerous impact on excess mortality rate. The results were confirmed even after controlling for eighteen covariates and spatial effects. This outcome seems of interest because benzene, BaP, and heavy metals (As and Cd) have not been considered at all in recent literature. It also suggests the need for a national strategy to drive down air pollutant concentrations to cope better with potential future pandemics.
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Reduced masticatory performance and not using dentures are associated with hypertension in older adults with tooth loss: the Shimane CoHRE study. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1553-1562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dorner TE, Lackinger C, Haider S, Stein KV. Lifestyle Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and in the General Adult Population-Trends over Five Years: Results of the Austrian National Health Interview Series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189910. [PMID: 34574833 PMCID: PMC8467903 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Not smoking, performing >150 min of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle strengthening exercises/week, and consuming >5 portions of fruit and vegetables/day are lifestyle recommendations for both the general population and people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of 15,771 and 15,461 persons from the Austrian Health Interview Surveys 2014 and 2019, respectively, including 4.9% and 6.0% of people with DM, were analysed in terms of their smoking, PA, and nutritional behaviours. Logistic regression models were performed for the lifestyle factors, adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related factors. Adjusted interactions between the survey year and DM on the lifestyle factors were computed. Results: The proportions of smokers were 23.9% and 20.2%, of people complying with the PA recommendations were 24.9% and 21.4%, and with fruit and vegetables recommendations were 7.1% and 5.5%, respectively, with significantly lower proportions of smokers and persons complying with the PA recommendations among people with DM. The fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for people with DM were 1.09 (0.94–1.26), 1.44 (1.23–1.69), and 0.90 (0.71–1.13) for smoking, not complying with PA recommendations, and not complying with fruit and vegetables recommendations, respectively. The proportion of people complying with PA recommendations decreased to a greater extent (p < 0.001) in people with DM (16.5% to 8.3%) compared to people without DM (25.3% to 22.3%). Conclusion: Diabetogenic lifestyle behaviours increased in the general Austrian population in recent years, which was especially true for people with DM regarding PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ernst Dorner
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.D.); (C.L.)
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Christian Lackinger
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.D.); (C.L.)
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Katharina Viktoria Stein
- Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria; (T.E.D.); (C.L.)
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Gutema H, Debela Y, Walle B, Reba K, Shibabaw T, Disasa T. Predicting binge drinking among university students: Application of integrated behavioral model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254185. [PMID: 34242321 PMCID: PMC8270465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking is a pattern of harmful use of alcohol and it is defined as four drinks for women and five drinks for men in about 2 hours. This behavior causes public health problems like damaging different body organs. OBJECTIVE To assess binge drinking and associated factors among Bahir Dar University students in Northwest Ethiopia. METHOD A cross sectional study was conducted in November 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 422 participants. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Linear and Logistic regression models were used to predict the role of explanatory variables on behavioral intention and binge drinking, respectively. Independent variables with a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant in the final model. RESULT A total of 413 students participated in this study and 33.4%(95% CI: 28.3-38.9) were engaged in binge drinking. Experiential attitude, instrumental attitude, and self-efficacy were found to be significant predictors of intention to binge drinking (p<0.05). Experiential attitude, environmental constraint, injunctive norm, and knowledge predictors were significantly associated with binge drinking (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicated that one-third of the students practiced binge drinking. This behavior was associated with experiential attitude, injunctive norm, environmental constraints, and knowledge factors. Additionally, experiential attitude, instrumental attitude, and self-efficacy constructs had explained behavioral intention. This implies focusing on the abovementioned determinant factors is imperative while designing intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hordofa Gutema
- Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Yamrot Debela
- Department of Health Education, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuayehu Walle
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kidist Reba
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tebkew Shibabaw
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tolera Disasa
- Marie Stopes Ethiopia, Head Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Zheng R, Li M, Xu M, Lu J, Wang T, Dai M, Zhang D, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Wang S, Lin H, Wang W, Bi Y, Xu Y, Ning G. Chinese Adults Are More Susceptible to Effects of Overall Obesity and Fat Distribution on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2775-e2788. [PMID: 33570562 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as diagnostic tools of obesity do not reflect the same level of fat mass and whether obesity leads to various effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among different racial/ethnic population is unknown. OBJECTIVE The study aims to address the multicollinearity between BMI and WC by using the residual model approach and to assess and compare the effects of obesity metrics on cardiometabolic risk factors among different races/ethnicities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data from a nationally representative sample of mainland Chinese adults collected in 2010 and data from the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey 2005-2016 were used. By conducting a regression analysis between WC and BMI, the variation of BMI was removed from WC measures and residual of WC was obtained. The associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic risk factors were compared among different races/ethnicities by sex. RESULTS The residual WC was significantly associated with all the cardiometabolic risk factors in mainland Chinese, and most of the factors in non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black adults, but not in the other races/ethnicities. The standardized regression coefficients of the associations between obesity metrics and cardiometabolic factors showed that the obesity metrics had greater impact on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and triglyceride in Chinese adults than those of other racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Chinese adults are more susceptible to the effects of overall obesity and fat distribution on cardiometabolic risk factors than the other racial/ethnic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bouna-Pyrrou P, Muehle C, Kornhuber J, Weinland C, Lenz B. Body mass index and serum levels of soluble leptin receptor are sex-specifically related to alcohol binge drinking behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105179. [PMID: 33780690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge drinking is a highly prevalent behavior in adolescents and young adults and a risk factor to develop alcohol use disorder. Body mass index (BMI) and blood levels of leptin peptide and its soluble receptor have been implicated in alcohol use disorder; however, their role in binge drinking remains to be investigated. METHOD We studied associations of BMI, serum levels of soluble leptin receptor (ObRe) and leptin as well as the free leptin index with binge drinking in 93 male and 99 female young adults. RESULTS In men, binge drinkers showed significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) than non-binge drinkers (23.67 vs. 22.08) and higher BMI correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.251). In women, we found significantly higher ObRe (ng/ml) / BMI (kg/m2) values in binge drinkers than in non-binge drinkers (0.52 vs. 0.44) and ObRe/BMI values correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.210). CONCLUSION This study confirms that higher BMI associates with binge drinking in men and shows for the first time a role of ObRe/BMI in binge drinking in women. Our data emphasize the importance of further research in the field of metabolic markers and implications in neurobiological processes of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christiane Muehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Mahieu R, den Toom IJ, Boeve K, Lobeek D, Bloemena E, Donswijk ML, de Keizer B, Klop WMC, Leemans CR, Willems SM, Takes RP, Witjes MJH, de Bree R. Contralateral Regional Recurrence in Lateralized or Paramedian Early-Stage Oral Cancer Undergoing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy-Comparison to a Historic Elective Neck Dissection Cohort. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644306. [PMID: 33968742 PMCID: PMC8103896 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nowadays, two strategies are available for the management of the clinically negative neck in early-stage (cT1-2N0) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC): elective neck dissection (END) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). SLNB stages both the ipsilateral and the contralateral neck in early-stage OSCC patients, whereas the contralateral neck is generally not addressed by END in early-stage OSCC not involving the midline. This study compares both incidence and hazard of contralateral regional recurrences (CRR) in those patients who underwent END or SLNB. Materials and Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study, including 816 lateralized or paramedian early-stage OSCC patients, staged by either unilateral or bilateral END (n = 365) or SLNB (n = 451). Results: The overall rate of occult contralateral nodal metastasis was 3.7% (30/816); the incidence of CRR was 2.5% (20/816). Patients who underwent END developed CRR during follow-up more often than those who underwent SLNB (3.8 vs. 1.3%; p = 0.018). Moreover, END patients had a higher hazard for developing CRR than SLNB patients (HR = 2.585; p = 0.030). In addition, tumor depth of invasion was predictive for developing CRR (HR = 1.922; p = 0.009). Five-year disease-specific survival in patients with CRR was poor (42%) compared to patients in whom occult contralateral nodal metastases were detected by SLNB or bilateral END (88%), although not statistically different (p = 0.066). Conclusion: Our data suggest that SLNB allows for better control of the contralateral clinically negative neck in patients with lateralized or paramedian early-stage OSCC, compared to END as performed in a clinical setting. The prognosis of those in whom occult contralateral nodal metastases are detected at an earlier stage may be favorable compared to those who eventually develop CRR, which highlights the importance of adequate staging of the contralateral clinically negative neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Mahieu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inne J den Toom
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Koos Boeve
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daphne Lobeek
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Bloemena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Oral Pathology, Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA) Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten L Donswijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W Martin C Klop
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Estrogen Disrupting Pesticides in Nebraska Groundwater: Trends between Pesticide-contaminated Water and Estrogen-related Cancers in An Ecological Observational Study. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen disrupting pesticides (EDP) are pesticides that modify estrogen activities in estrogen-producing vertebrates. A substantial amount of these pesticides has been detected in human tissues, and they function directly to disrupt estrogen synthesis or effector cells. This study examines EDP’s ecological distribution across Nebraska counties and its association with estrogen-related cancers (ERC). To determine the ecological distribution of selected EDP, county-level choropleth maps were created. Moreover, EDP was tested in separate linear models with different ERC to determine the association between ERC and EDP across Nebraska counties. Exposure data for this county-level study was obtained from the quality assessed agrichemical contaminant Nebraska groundwater database between 1 January 1974 and 31 December 2012. Acetochlor, atrazine, and its metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA), and de-isopropyl atrazine (DIA) were the most frequently detected EDP in Nebraska groundwater. Moreover, Nebraska county-level potential confounder for ERC such as physically unhealthy days, % adult smoking, % obese adult, % uninsured, and % binge drinking were obtained from County Health Rankings 2010. ERC, which is the outcome variable (breast cancer, uterine cancer, and prostate cancer), were obtained from the Nebraska State profile of the National Cancer Institute. This was expressed as county-level age-standardized incidence cancer rates between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. Data characteristics were determined using percentages, mean, median, 25th and 75th percentile, minimum and maximum values. The relationship between county-level cancer rates and % wells positive for pesticides after adjusting for the county level potential confounders were analyzed in a linear regression model. Water supply wells positive for atrazine and DEA were observed to cluster in the South and South East counties of Nebraska. Furthermore, breast cancer and prostate cancer incidence rates were higher in the southeast of Nebraska with more atrazine and DEA. However, breast cancer and prostate cancer were not significantly associated in a linear regression model with any of the observed EDP. In contrast, uterine cancer was statistically associated with % water supply wells positive for acetochlor (β = 4.01, p = 0.04). While consistent associations were not observed between ERC and EDP from the GIS and the linear regression model, this study’s results can drive future conversation concerning the potential estrogenic effects of acetochlor, atrazine, and its metabolites on the incidence of breast, uterine and prostate cancer in the State of Nebraska.
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Buchtova M, Malinakova K, Kosarkova A, Husek V, van Dijk JP, Tavel P. Religious Attendance in a Secular Country Protects Adolescents from Health-Risk Behavior Only in Combination with Participation in Church Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249372. [PMID: 33333746 PMCID: PMC7765168 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Religiosity and spirituality have been considered to be protective factors of adolescent health-risk behavior (HRB). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adolescents’ HRB and their religiosity, taking into account their parents’ faith and their own participation in church activities. A nationally representative sample (n = 13377, 13.5 ± 1.7 years, 49.1% boys) of Czech adolescents participated in the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children cross-sectional study. We measured religious attendance (RA), faith importance (FI) (both of respondents and their parents), participation in church activities and adolescent HRB (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use and early sexual intercourse). We found that neither RA nor FI of participants or their parents had a significant effect on adolescents’ HRB. Compared to attending respondents who participate in church activities (AP), non-attending respondents who participate in church activities were more likely to report smoking and early sexual intercourse, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 3.14 (1.54–6.39) to 3.82 (1.99–7.35). Compared to AP, non-attending respondents who did not participate in church activities were more likely to report early sexual intercourse, with OR = 1.90 (1.14–3.17). Thus, our findings show that RA does not protect adolescents from HRB; they suggest that RA protects adolescents from HRB only in combination with participation in church activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Buchtova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-721-616-859
| | - Klara Malinakova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Alice Kosarkova
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Vit Husek
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Tavel
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (A.K.); (V.H.); (J.P.v.D.); (P.T.)
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Wojciechowski T. Relevance of routine activities for understanding the impact of the dual systems model on binge drinking among college students. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108233. [PMID: 32896725 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has indicated that dual systems model constructs (impulsivity, sensation-seeking) are predictors of binge drinking. Further, engagement in routine unstructured social activities also predicts elevated risk for binge drinking. However, there has yet to be any research that examines the interactive effect of these constructs. METHODS The present study utilized a sample of 248 undergraduate students to understand the relationships between concepts on interest. A series of ordinal logistic regression models were estimated to determine the direct effects of impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and routine activities on binge drinking and also determine whether or not involvement in routine activities moderated the direct effects of either impulsivity and/or sensation-seeking on binge drinking. RESULTS Results indicated that lower sensation-seeking was associated with elevated binge drinking frequency. However, the interaction between routine activities and sensation-seeking indicated a positive relationship. This meant that the effects of high levels of sensation-seeking on binge drinking were exacerbated at higher levels of routine activities involvement. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study indicate that students high in sensation-seeking and engagement in unstructured socializing present great risk for high frequency binge drinking. However, students who demonstrate low levels of sensation-seeking may also present an at-risk population, as they may be using alcohol to self-medicate anhedonia symptoms.
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22
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Jacobs W, Merianos AL, Lee Smith M, Nabors L, Fajayan A, Valente TW. Examining the Role of Weight Status and Individual Attributes on Adolescent Social Relations. J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:108-114. [PMID: 32171602 PMCID: PMC7311236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight stigmatization during adolescence may compromise the development of social relations important for the development. This study examined the associations between weight status and likelihood of nomination (indegree) for five different social network types-friendship, romantic, admiration, succeed, and popularity. METHODS Data for the study were from 1,110 tenth grade students (aged 11-19 years) from four high schools in one Los Angeles school district in 2010. Multiple Poisson regression analyses using generalized linear model were conducted to examine the relationship between weight status (underweight/normal weight/overweight measured with body mass index calculated from self-reported height and weight) and adolescents' indegree for the five different networks. RESULTS Obese adolescents were significantly less likely to be nominated as romantic interest (odds ratio [OR]: .29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .19-42), admired (OR: .80, 95% CI: .65-.97), or popular (OR: .71, 95% CI: .57-.88) compared with their normal weight peers. Overweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as a romantic interest (OR: .57, 95% CI: .42-.78) or popular (OR: .67, 95% CI: .53-.84) compared with those who were normal weight. Underweight adolescents were also less likely to be nominated as friends (OR: .76, 95% CI: .60-98), someone admired (OR: .61, 95% CI: .42-.89), likely to succeed (OR: .62, 95% CI: .44-.87), or popular (OR: .40, 95% CI: .25-.64). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest weight status is associated with being selected by peers into different types of adolescent networks. Underweight, overweight, and obese adolescents are at an increased risk for social isolation because of their weight. This may have a negative impact on their peer relations important for social development, self-esteem, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wura Jacobs
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Stanislaus, Turlock, California.
| | - Ashley L Merianos
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Laura Nabors
- School of Human Services, College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alane Fajayan
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California
| | - Thomas W Valente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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23
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El Ansari W, Salam A, Suominen S. Is Alcohol Consumption Associated with Poor Perceived Academic Performance? Survey of Undergraduates in Finland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041369. [PMID: 32093287 PMCID: PMC7068310 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between academic performance and alcohol consumption among students remains inconsistent. We assessed this relationship, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics across seven faculties at the University of Turku (1177 undergraduates). An online questionnaire assessed: seven sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, year/discipline of study, accommodation type, being in intimate relationship, parental education, and income sufficiency); two perceived academic performance (students’ subjective importance of achieving good grades and students’ appraisal of their academic performance compared to peers); and six alcohol consumption behaviors (length of time, amount consumed, frequency, heavy episodic drinking, problem drinking, and possible alcohol dependence). Simple logistic regression assessed relationships between sociodemographic and academic variables with alcohol consumption behaviors; multiple logistic regression assessed the same relationships after controlling for all other variables. Students reported long duration and large amount of drinking (46% and 50%), high frequency of drinking (41%), heavy episodic drinking (66%), problem drinking (29%), and possible alcohol dependence (9%). After controlling, gender was associated with all alcohol consumption behaviors, followed by religiosity (associated with four alcohol behaviors), living situation, marital status, age (each associated with two alcohol behaviors), and parental education and year of study (each associated with one alcohol behavior). Study discipline, income sufficiency, importance of achieving good grades, and academic performance compared to peers were not associated with any alcohol behaviors. Universities need to assess problem drinking and alcohol use disorders among students. Prevention strategies are required to reduce risk. Health promotion efforts could focus on beliefs and expectations about alcohol and target student groups at risk for more efficient and successful efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid El Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 3050, Qatar
- School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Salam
- Neuroscience Institute, Hamad General Hospital, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Sakari Suominen
- School of Health and Education, University of Skovde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden;
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24
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Zhang Q, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Liang Y, Xi B. Hypertension Prevalence Based on Three Separate Visits and Its Association With Obesity Among Chinese Children and Adolescents. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:307. [PMID: 31396500 PMCID: PMC6668215 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommended that hypertension in children and adolescents should be defined based on elevated blood pressure (BP) on at least three separate occasions. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension based on three separate visits among Chinese children and adolescents and to examine its relationship with obesity. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional survey was performed in children and adolescents in Jinan, China between September 2012 and September 2014. A total of 7,832 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years were included. Anthropometric data and BP were measured by trained examiners. Elevated BP was defined as BP ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex based on the Chinese reference data. Participants with elevated BP at the first visit underwent a second visit 2 weeks later, and a third visit was conducted if BP was still high at the second visit. Hypertension was defined as having an elevated BP at all three visits. Obesity was defined in three ways by using body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Results: The prevalence of elevated BP decreased substantially across three separate visits, with the prevalence of 17.2, 8.6, and 4.9%, respectively. Obesity was an independent risk factor for elevated BP during each visit. Based on the body mass index, obesity was associated with higher risk of elevated BP, with the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 8.6 (6.8-11.0), 12.5 (9.1-17.3), and 14.0 (8.9-22.2), respectively, at the first, second and third visit. The ORs of elevated BP were similar in association with obesity defined by waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension based on three visits was ~5% in Chinese children and adolescents. There was a dose-response relationship between obesity and elevated BP across three visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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25
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Martin G, Inchley J, Marshall A, Shortt N, Currie C. The neighbourhood social environment and alcohol use among urban and rural Scottish adolescents. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:95-105. [PMID: 30511169 PMCID: PMC6353998 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research examined the relationship between neighbourhood social environmental characteristics and drinking outcomes among a sample of urban and rural adolescents. METHODS From a sample of 1558 Scottish secondary schoolchildren, surveyed as part of the 2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, we modelled three drinking outcomes on a variety of neighbourhood conditions, including social cohesion, disorder, alcohol outlet density, deprivation, and urban/rurality. Nested and cross-classified multilevel logistic regressions were specified. RESULTS An urban-to-rural gradient was found with non-urban adolescents exhibiting higher odds of having ever drank. Neighbourhood social cohesion related to having ever drank. Among drinkers, those living in accessible small towns had higher odds of weekly drinking and drunkenness compared to urban areas. Higher odds of drunkenness were also found in remote rural areas. Those residing in the least deprived areas had lower odds of weekly drinking. CONCLUSIONS In Scotland, inequalities exist in adolescent alcohol use by urban/rurality and neighbourhood social conditions. Findings support regional targeting of public health efforts to address inequalities. Future work is needed to develop and evaluate intervention and prevention approaches for neighbourhoods at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Martin
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Joanna Inchley
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Alan Marshall
- Social Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9LD UK
| | - Niamh Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP UK
| | - Candace Currie
- Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
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26
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Gerber M, Isoard-Gautheur S, Schilling R, Ludyga S, Brand S, Colledge F. When Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity Meets Unsatisfied Psychological Needs: Insights From a Stress-Buffer Perspective. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2097. [PMID: 30450065 PMCID: PMC6224427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have tested whether the stress-buffering effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) depend on other resources, such as the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Therefore, the present study examines the interaction between perceived stress, LTPA and psychological need satisfaction (PNS) on occupational burnout symptoms in a sample of Swiss workers. Methods: The sample consisted of 306 employees (48% women; Mage = 42.9 years, SD = 14.1). Perceived stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, LTPA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, PNS (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) with the Need Satisfaction Scale, and occupational burnout symptoms with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. A hierarchical regression analysis and single slopes tests were performed to examine two- and three-way interactions. Results: Stress was positively correlated with burnout, and negatively correlated with LTPA and PNS levels. LTPA was positively associated with PNS, and negatively correlated with burnout. A negative association existed between PNS and burnout. In the hierarchical regression analysis, all main effects, two- and three-way interactions were significant. People who engaged in more LTPA reported fewer burnout symptoms, if they reported high stress. However, the potential of LTPA to buffer stress was particularly evident in participants who reported low PNS. Conclusion: If adult workers are exposed to elevated stress, they are particularly likely to show increased burnout levels if they report low LTPA in combination with low PNS, specifically a lack of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - René Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Lenz B, Bouna-Pyrrou P, Mühle C, Kornhuber J. Low digit ratio (2D:4D) and late pubertal onset indicate prenatal hyperandrogenziation in alcohol binge drinking. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:370-378. [PMID: 29499227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol binge drinking behavior is an important public health issue. Causal rodent and human associational studies show that reinforcement of prenatal androgen signaling increases alcohol consumption in adulthood. However, the effects of prenatal androgen exposure on adult binge drinking patterns have not been investigated yet. METHOD We analyzed data from 2225 participants of an online survey (conducted 06-07/2016) to evaluate biomarkers for prenatal androgen exposure (second-to-fourth finger length ratio [2D:4D], age at spermarche or menarche as hallmark for pubertal onset) in binge drinking (≥1 episode of 15+, 10+, and/or 5+ standard drinks of ~13 g of alcohol within 2 h during the 24 month- and 2 week-recall periods). RESULTS Men reported binge drinking more often than women (ORs > 1.4, P < .001). For the 24 month-recall period, binge drinkers showed lower 2D:4D (P = .006) and reported later pubertal onset (P = .022) than non-binge drinkers. These findings consistently suggest excess prenatal androgen exposure in adult binge drinkers. Moreover, 2D:4D was negatively associated with severity (15+/10+/5+/non-binge drinking, P = .005) and frequency of binge drinking episodes (P = .044). All of these effects were stronger in men than in women. For the 2 week-recall period, the biomarkers were not significantly related to binge drinking behavior. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that increased prenatal androgen exposure is involved in the development of alcohol binge drinking behavior in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
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28
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Raitasalo K, Simonen J, Tigerstedt C, Mäkelä P, Tapanainen H. What is going on in underage drinking? Reflections on Finnish European school survey project on alcohol and other drugs data 1999-2015. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 1:S76-S84. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Jenni Simonen
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Christoffer Tigerstedt
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- The Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heli Tapanainen
- The Nutrition Unit; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
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29
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Chomsri P, Aramrattana A, Siviroj P, Likhitsathian S. Substance use among students in Thailand. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 18:654-666. [DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1429974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Carvalho APD, Silva TCD, Valença PADM, Ferreira Santos CDFB, Colares V, Menezes VAD. [Alcohol consumption and physical violence among adolescents: which is the predictor?]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 22:4013-4020. [PMID: 29267718 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320172212.06172016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting "violence," "alcohool drinking" and "adolescent" as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pacheco de Carvalho
- Programa de Hebiatria, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco. Av. General Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Camaragibe. 51021-350 Camaragibe PE Brasil.
| | - Thaís Carine da Silva
- Programa de Hebiatria, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco. Av. General Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Camaragibe. 51021-350 Camaragibe PE Brasil.
| | - Paula Andrea de Melo Valença
- Programa de Hebiatria, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco. Av. General Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Camaragibe. 51021-350 Camaragibe PE Brasil.
| | | | - Viviane Colares
- Programa de Hebiatria, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco. Av. General Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Camaragibe. 51021-350 Camaragibe PE Brasil.
| | - Valdenice Aparecida de Menezes
- Programa de Hebiatria, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Pernambuco. Av. General Newton Cavalcanti 1650, Camaragibe. 51021-350 Camaragibe PE Brasil.
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31
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Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent substance use: a longitudinal investigation. ADVANCES IN DUAL DIAGNOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/add-07-2017-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Alcohol and cannabis are the two most commonly used substances by young people in many developed nations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the longitudinal relationships between risky substance use (binge drinking and cannabis use) and psychological distress, emotional and behavioural difficulties, and truancy among Australian adolescents.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 527 students (Mage=13.4 years, SD=0.43; 67 per cent female) from seven Australian schools completed an online self-report survey on four occasions over two years (baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months). The survey assessed binge drinking (5+ standard drinks on one occasion), cannabis use in the past six months, psychological distress, emotional and behavioural difficulties (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire), and truancy. Generalised estimating equations (GEEs) were conducted to examine the longitudinal relationship between the substance use outcomes and each predictor variable.
Findings
At baseline, 3 per cent of students reported binge drinking and 6 per cent had used cannabis in the past six months. Rates of binge drinking significantly increased over time (21.1 per cent at 24 months) however, rates of cannabis use remained relatively stable (8.8 per cent at 24 months). Multivariate GEE analyses indicated that higher levels of hyperactivity/inattention, more days of truancy and being female were independently and consistently associated with binge drinking over time. Conduct problems was the only factor to be independently associated with cannabis use over time.
Originality/value
These findings provide valuable information about psychosocial risk factors for harmful alcohol and cannabis use. A better understanding of these associations is critical for informing substance use prevention efforts in the future.
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32
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Binge drinking and academic performance, engagement, aspirations, and expectations: a longitudinal analysis among secondary school students in the COMPASS study. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2017; 37:376-385. [PMID: 29119775 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.37.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The longitudinal relationship between binge drinking and academic engagement, performance, and future aspirations and expectations was examined among a cohort of secondary school students. METHODS In separate multinomial generalized estimating equations models, linked data from Year 1 (Y1: 2012-2013), Year 2 (Y2: 2013-2014), and Year 3 (Y3: 2014-2015) of the COMPASS study (N = 27 112) were used to test the relative likelihood of responses to seven academic indices when binge drinking was initiated in varying frequencies, adjusting for gender, grade, race/ethnicity, tobacco use, and the individual mean of the predictor and all time-varying covariates. RESULTS Among students who had never engaged in binge drinking at baseline, those who reported regular binge drinking at follow-up were relatively less likely to complete their homework, attend class, and value and achieve high grades, with more frequent binge drinking at follow-up generally resulting in larger relative risk ratios. Interestingly, shifting from "never" to "rare/sporadic" binge drinking one to two years later resulted in an increased relative risk of wanting to pursue all levels of postsecondary education. Beginning binge drinking on a "monthly" basis also increased the likelihood of college/ trade or bachelor degree ambitions, relative to high school, but not graduate/professional pathways; while degree aspirations were not associated with initiating weekly binge drinking. CONCLUSION Results suggest students who initiate binge drinking have poor school performance and engagement, which may interfere with achieving their future academic goals. This study reinforces the reasons substance use prevention should be considered an academic priority, as such efforts may also prove beneficial for educational achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Norström T, Raninen J. Drinking trajectories of at-risk groups: Does the theory of the collectivity of drinking apply? Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 37 Suppl 1:S15-S21. [PMID: 28766789 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol consumption among Swedish adolescents has halved during the last decade. We aim to: (i) investigate whether the overall decrease in drinking may conceal an underlying heterogeneity in drinking trajectories across at-risk groups that differ with respect to risk for drinking and; (ii) assess to what degree alcohol-related harm has responded to this decrease. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were obtained from the nationally representative annual school survey of alcohol and drug habits among Swedish ninth-grade students covering the period 2000-2012 (n ≈ 5000/year). Respondents were divided into five at-risk groups ranging from low to high based on their relative ranking on a risk scale for drinking. Alcohol consumption was measured by beverage-specific quantity and frequency items summarised into a measure of overall drinking in litres of 100% alcohol per year. Alcohol-related harm was measured by eight items asking about whether the respondent had experienced various alcohol-related negative consequences. RESULTS Drinking and alcohol-related harm decreased in all five at-risk groups. There was a marked relation between the overall consumption and the mean consumption in each of the five at-risk groups. Self-reported alcohol-related harm decreased during the study period to an extent that was expected from the decrease in alcohol consumption. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption among Swedish youth has declined in five groups that were delineated based on their relative ranking on a risk factor index. The findings are consistent with Skog's theory of the collectivity of drinking behaviour. [Norström T, Raninen J. Drinking trajectories of at-risk groups: Does the theory of the collectivity of drinking apply?.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Norström
- Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Raninen
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance abuse: An investigation in young Austrian males. J Affect Disord 2017; 217:60-65. [PMID: 28391109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have found an association between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults. We intended to determine whether substance abuse and SUDs are associated with former and current ADHD symptomatology in a non-clinical sample of 17 and 18 year old males. METHOD A representative sample of 3280 young men (6.8% of all males born in Austria in the respective year) was investigated during the examination for military service. We collected data on past (WURS) and current (ADHD symptom checklist) ADHD symptomatology, substance abuse, parental substance use and abuse and motives for substance use. RESULTS Measured by WURS, 10.1% had scored positive for past ADHD symptoms. 2.7% of all subjects stated that they have been treated for ADHD and 1.5% reported that they had at one point received pharmacological treatment for the condition. Abuse of alcohol, nicotine and illicit substances was significantly (p<.01) more frequent in subjects with ADHD syndrome. Perceived parental alcohol abuse increased the risk for ADHD in the offspring. Motives for substance use differed greatly between groups. LIMITATIONS The sample consists of men only. Subjects had to be fit enough to be enlisted military service, generating a possible bias towards healthier subjects. The cross-sectional design does not allow conclusions about the temporal relationships between ADHD symptoms and substance abuse. CONCLUSION Identification of vulnerability factors for comorbid ADHD and SUD in adolescence should be intensified. Preventive strategies ought to be established.
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Bae S, Ferreira D, Suffoletto B, Puyana JC, Kurtz R, Chung T, Dey AK. Detecting Drinking Episodes in Young Adults Using Smartphone-based Sensors. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE, MOBILE, WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES 2017; 1. [PMID: 35146236 DOI: 10.1145/3090051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use in young adults is common, with high rates of morbidity and mortality largely due to periodic, heavy drinking episodes (HDEs). Behavioral interventions delivered through electronic communication modalities (e.g., text messaging) can reduce the frequency of HDEs in young adults, but effects are small. One way to amplify these effects is to deliver support materials proximal to drinking occasions, but this requires knowledge of when they will occur. Mobile phones have built-in sensors that can potentially be useful in monitoring behavioral patterns associated with the initiation of drinking occasions. The objective of our work is to explore the detection of daily-life behavioral markers using mobile phone sensors and their utility in identifying drinking occasions. We utilized data from 30 young adults aged 21-28 with past hazardous drinking and collected mobile phone sensor data and daily Experience Sampling Method (ESM) of drinking for 28 consecutive days. We built a machine learning-based model that is 96.6% accurate at identifying non-drinking, drinking and heavy drinking episodes. We highlight the most important features for detecting drinking episodes and identify the amount of historical data needed for accurate detection. Our results suggest that mobile phone sensors can be used for automated, continuous monitoring of at-risk populations to detect drinking episodes and support the delivery of timely interventions.
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Muli N, Lagan BM. Perceived determinants to alcohol consumption and misuse: a survey of university students. Perspect Public Health 2017; 137:326-336. [DOI: 10.1177/1757913917710569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Before an attempt is made to develop any population-specific behavioural change programme, it is important to know what the factors that influence behaviours are. The aim of this study was to identify what are the perceived determinants that attribute to young people’s choices to both consume and misuse alcohol. Method: Using a descriptive survey design, a web-based questionnaire based on the Theory of Triadic Influence was administered to students aged 18–29 years at one university in Northern Ireland. Results: Out of the total respondents ( n = 595), knowledge scores on alcohol consumption and the health risks associated with heavy episodic drinking were high (92.4%, n = 550). Over half (54.1%, n = 322) cited the Internet as their main source for alcohol-related information. The three most perceived influential factors of inclination to misuse alcohol were strains/conflict within the family home ( M = 2.98, standard deviation ( SD) = 0.18, 98.7%, n = 587), risk taking/curiosity behaviour ( M = 2.97, SD = 0.27, 97.3%, n = 579) and the desire not to be socially alienated ( M = 2.94, SD = 0.33, 96%, n = 571). Females were statistically significantly more likely to be influenced by desire not to be socially alienated than males ( p = .029). Religion and personal reasons were the most commonly cited reasons for not drinking. Conclusion: Future initiatives to reduce alcohol misuse and alcohol-related harms need to focus on changing social normative beliefs and attitudes around alcohol consumption and the family and environmental factors that influence the choice of young adult’s alcohol drinking behaviour. Investment in multi-component interventions may be a useful approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Muli
- Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health & Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Briege M Lagan
- Institute of Nursing & Health Research, School of Nursing, Ulster University, Belfast BT37 0QB, UK
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Garoufi A, Grammatikos EE, Kollias A, Grammatikos E, Stergiou GS, Soldatou A. Associations between obesity, adverse behavioral patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among adolescent inhabitants of a Greek island. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:445-454. [PMID: 28315850 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight, unhealthy lifestyle habits and their sequelae have become a well-recognized public health problem in most countries. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship of adolescent overweight/obesity with behavioral habits and their association with blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. METHODS Anthropometric parameters, lifestyle, BP and lipid profile of 736 adolescents were evaluated cross-sectionally. The classifications of normal weight, overweight and obese were based on BMI z-scores. RESULTS About 42.1% of adolescents were overweight/obese, 11.3% were smokers, 33.2% consumed alcohol and 34% reported low activity. Males began smoking earlier, consumed alcohol more often, exercised less and spent more screen time than females. Alcohol consumption was more prevalent among smokers and was associated with higher BP and dyslipidemia. Smokers exercised less intensely and had lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) than non-smokers. Obesity was a risk factor for higher BP and dyslipidemia. Longer screen time was associated with higher triglycerides, while intense physical activity with lower systolic BP. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is related to an adverse lipid and BP profile during adolescence. Clustering of hazardous habits was observed, which is known to aggravate the cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Garoufi
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
| | - Evangelos E Grammatikos
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
| | - Anastasios Kollias
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, Third University Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens
| | | | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, Third University Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens
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Differential Influences of Parenting Dimensions and Parental Physical Abuse during Childhood on Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4030017. [PMID: 28272353 PMCID: PMC5368428 DOI: 10.3390/children4030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides other explanatory variables, parenting styles and parental violence might also be responsible for setting a path towards overweight/obesity in childhood. While this association has consistently been observed for adults, findings for adolescents still remain scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, the goal of this study is to add evidence on this topic for children and adolescents. Analyses are based on a sample of 1729 German, ninth-grade students. To analyze associations between parenting dimensions and weight status, non-parametric conditional inference trees were applied. Three gender-specific pathways for a heightened risk of overweight/obesity were observed: (1) female adolescents who report having experienced severe parental physical abuse and medium/high parental warmth in childhood; (2) male adolescents who report having experienced low or medium parental monitoring in childhood; and (3) this second pathway for male adolescents is more pronounced if the families receive welfare. The importance of promoting parenting styles characterized by warmth and a lack of physical abuse is also discussed. This is one of only a few studies examining the association of parenting dimensions/parental physical abuse and weight status in adolescence. Future studies should include even more parenting dimensions, as well as parental physical abuse levels, in order to detect and untangle gender-specific effects on weight status.
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Nyambe A, Van Hal G, Kampen JK. Screening and vaccination as determined by the Social Ecological Model and the Theory of Triadic Influence: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1166. [PMID: 27855680 PMCID: PMC5114823 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination and screening are forms of primary and secondary prevention methods. These methods are recommended for controlling the spread of a vast number of diseases and conditions. To determine the most effective preventive methods to be used by a society, multi-level models have shown to be more effective than models that focus solely on individual level characteristics. The Social Ecological Model (SEM) and the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI) are such models. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify main differences and similarities of SEM and TTI regarding screening and vaccination in order to prepare potentially successful prevention programs for practice. METHODS A systematic review was conducted. Separate literature searches were performed during January and February 2015 using Medline, Ovid, Proquest, PubMed, University of Antwerp Discovery Service and Web of Science, for articles that apply the SEM and TTI. A Data Extraction Form with mostly closed-end questions was developed to assist with data extraction. Aggregate descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the general characteristics of the SEM and TTI as documented in the scientific literature. RESULTS A total of 290 potentially relevant articles referencing the SEM were found. As for the TTI, a total of 131 potentially relevant articles were found. After strict evaluation for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 SEM studies and 46 TTI studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS The SEM and TTI are theoretical frameworks that share many theoretical concepts and are relevant for several types of health behaviors. However, they differ in the structure of the model, and in how the variables are thought to interact with each other, the TTI being a matrix while the SEM has a ring structure. The main difference consists of the division of the TTI into levels of causation (ultimate, distal and proximal) which are not considered within the levels of the SEM. It was further found that in the articles studied in this systematic review, both models are often considered effective, while the empirical basis of these (and other) conclusions reached by their authors is in many cases unclear or incompletely specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayawa Nyambe
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jarl K. Kampen
- Biometris, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- StatUA (Core Facility for Statistical Analysis), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Donath C, Baier D, Graessel E, Hillemacher T. Substance consumption in adolescents with and without an immigration background: a representative study-What part of an immigration background is protective against binge drinking? BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1157. [PMID: 27842534 PMCID: PMC5109665 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Representative data indicate that adolescents with an immigration background show less harmful patterns of consumption, for example, they practice binge drinking less often. It remains to be shown whether this also applies to substances such as tobacco and cannabis and if the “healthier” patterns of consumption are permanent or if they gradually disappear as the level of integration increases. Using representative data, the current study was designed to a) present the epidemiology of the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis of adolescents with and without an immigration background in 2013 and b) to analyze which immigration-specific variables predict problematic alcohol consumption in adolescents with an immigration background. Methods A representative, written survey was administered to 9512 students in the 9th grade from Lower Saxony, Germany in 2013 by the “Kriminologisches Forschungsinstitut Niedersachsen (KfN).” Data were collected from 1763 adolescents with an immigration background regarding their cultural, structural, social, and identificative integration. These variables were introduced as predictors in a multiple logistic regression analysis with binge drinking during the last 30 days as the dependent variable. Results Compared with German adolescents without an immigration background, significantly fewer adolescents with an immigration background had already tried alcohol, but they were significantly more likely to report experience with cigarettes and cannabis. In the group of adolescents with an immigration background, the percentage of binge drinkers fluctuated by country of origin (p < .001). In the regression model, binge drinking was associated with a lower targeted school leaving certificate (p < .001), not living on social welfare (p = .038), and the strong assimilation (p = .015) of the adolescent. Binge drinking was negatively associated with attitudes that favored segregation (p < .001) and a stronger attachment of the parents to the traditions of their country of origin (p = .003). Conclusions It cannot be confirmed that adolescents with an immigration background generally show less harmful patterns of consumption. Distinctions have to be made regarding the substance, the adolescent’s country of origin, and the level of assimilation or segregation of the adolescent and his/her family. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3796-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Donath
- Center for Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg/University Clinic Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Baier
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestr. 9, 30161, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Graessel
- Center for Health Services Research in Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg/University Clinic Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Center for Addiction Research, Clinic for Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Radovanovic S, Vasiljevic D, Kocic S, Radevic S, Milosavljević M, Mihailovic N. The Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption by Adolescents in Serbia and Its Correlation with Sociodemographic Factors – A National Survey. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among adolescents in Serbia and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. This paper is based on data from a national health survey of the population of Serbia in 2013 (no data for Kosovo and Metohija), conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. For the purposes of this study, data on households and individuals over 15 years of age were used; thus, the final sample for analysis included 858 patients (aged 15 to 19 years). Researchers used demographic characteristics (age, gender, type of home, region) and socio-economic characteristics (income per household member, the index of well-being, self-assessment of health, cigarette smoking, tendency towards psychological and physical violence) as the independent variables. A χ2 test was applied to test the differences in the frequencies of categorical variables. The correlations between alcohol consumption, as the dependent variable, and the independent variables (mentioned above) were tested by logistic regression. All results less than or equal to 5% probability (p ≤ 0.05) were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among adolescents in Serbia is 51.6%. Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with sex, type of home and the index of well-being (p < 0.05). The prevalence of alcohol consumption is higher in males (57.1%), in adolescents who come from urban areas (59.3%) and in adolescents who, according to the index of well-being, belong to the wealthiest financial category (23.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Radovanovic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac and Institute of Public Health, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragan Vasiljevic
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia and Institute of Public Health, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kocic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac and Institute of Public Health, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Radevic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
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Lowe K, Escoffery C, Mertens AC, Berg CJ. Distinct health behavior and psychosocial profiles of young adult survivors of childhood cancers: a mixed methods study. J Cancer Surviv 2016; 10:619-32. [PMID: 26688575 PMCID: PMC4915965 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We used a mixed-methods approach to examine health behavior profiles of young adult cancer survivors and characterize related sociodemographic and psychosocial factors. METHODS We conducted a mail-based survey assessing sociodemographics, cancer treatment, health behaviors (e.g., tobacco use, physical activity), healthcare provider interactions, and psychosocial factors (e.g., Profile of Moods States [POMS]) among 106 young adult survivors from a southeastern cancer center and semi-structured interviews among a subset of 26. RESULTS A k-means cluster analysis using eight health behaviors yielded three distinct health behavior profiles: high risk (n = 25), moderate risk (n = 39), and low risk (n = 40). High risks had the highest current alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; physical activity; and number of sexual partners (p's < 0.001). They had higher symptoms of POMS tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p's < 0.05). Moderate risks had lowest physical activity (p < 0.05) but otherwise had moderate health behaviors. Low risks had the lowest alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use and fewest sexual partners (p's < 0.05). They had the lowest levels of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment (p's < 0.05). Qualitative interviews showed that cancer had a range of effects on health behaviors and variable experiences regarding how healthcare providers address these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Assessing health behavior profiles, rather than individual health behaviors, is informative in characterizing young adult cancer survivors and targeting survivorship care. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Young adult cancer survivors demonstrate distinct health behavior profiles and are differentially impacted by the experience of cancer. Healthcare providers should be consistently intervening to ensure that survivors understand their specific health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincaid Lowe
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cam Escoffery
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ann C Mertens
- Aflac Cancer Center/Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Woodruff Health Sciences Center, Emory University, 1440 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Biolcati R, Passini S, Mancini G. "I cannot stand the boredom." Binge drinking expectancies in adolescence. Addict Behav Rep 2016; 3:70-76. [PMID: 29532002 PMCID: PMC5845945 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study is to improve our knowledge on binge drinking behavior in adolescents. In particular, we tested a model of predictors of binge drinking focusing on boredom proneness; we also examined the predictive and mediating role of drinking expectancies on binge drinking. METHODS A questionnaire designed to assess current drinking behavior, such as binge drinking, drinking expectancies and boredom proneness, was administered to 721 Italian adolescents (61% females) aged between 13 and 19 years (M = 15.98, SD = 1.61). RESULTS Structural equation modeling confirmed the evidence on drinking expectancies as predicted by boredom proneness and as predictive of adolescents' binge drinking. Interestingly, disinhibition and relief from pain seem to play a more important mediating role between boredom and alcohol outcome. Conversely, no mediation was found for interpersonal and social confidence expectancies on binge drinking. CONCLUSIONS In general, the results suggest that preventative interventions on alcohol misuse should focus on personality traits and underlying drinking expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Biolcati
- Department of Education Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Filippo Re 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
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Vatcheva KP, Lee M, McCormick JB, Rahbar MH. Multicollinearity in Regression Analyses Conducted in Epidemiologic Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 27274911 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1165.1000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The adverse impact of ignoring multicollinearity on findings and data interpretation in regression analysis is very well documented in the statistical literature. The failure to identify and report multicollinearity could result in misleading interpretations of the results. A review of epidemiological literature in PubMed from January 2004 to December 2013, illustrated the need for a greater attention to identifying and minimizing the effect of multicollinearity in analysis of data from epidemiologic studies. We used simulated datasets and real life data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort to demonstrate the adverse effects of multicollinearity in the regression analysis and encourage researchers to consider the diagnostic for multicollinearity as one of the steps in regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina P Vatcheva
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX
| | - MinJae Lee
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph B McCormick
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Morgenstern M, DiFranza JR, Wellman RJ, Sargent JD, Hanewinkel R. Relationship between early symptoms of alcohol craving and binge drinking 2.5 years later. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 160:183-9. [PMID: 26832933 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first self-reported symptoms of nicotine dependence (e.g., as craving) can appear within days to weeks of the onset of occasional use, and the appearance of symptoms predicts future consumption and dependence. We sought to determine whether craving for alcohol occurs in early stages of adolescent alcohol use, and whether it predicts future binge drinking, a prevalent and problematic behavior. METHODS Longitudinal (30-month) four-wave study of 3415 students (M=12.5 years at baseline) from 29 German schools. Students reported five symptoms of alcohol craving on a scale developed based on well-validated measures for tobacco. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to predict having five or more binge episodes by last follow-up, based on the number of symptoms reported before the first lifetime binge. Multiple imputation was used to address study drop-out. RESULTS At baseline, 23% reported at least one symptom, increasing to 54% at wave 4. Any report of symptoms at baseline was associated with frequency of alcohol use, being present in 100% of daily, 93% of weekly, 87% of monthly, 48% of infrequent drinkers, and 16% of ever drinkers reporting no current alcohol use. Moreover, symptoms at baseline independently predicted frequent binge drinking 2.5 years later, AOR=2.08 (95% CI 1.39, 3.11; p<0.001) among baseline never-bingers, after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Some early-onset drinkers reported symptoms of alcohol craving and loss of control after minimal exposure to alcohol. If replicated, an early screener could be developed to identify those at risk for frequent binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Morgenstern
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, Kiel, Germany; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Joseph R DiFranza
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Wellman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James D Sargent
- Institute for Therapy and Health Research, Kiel, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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Moderation, mediation - or even both? School climate and the association between peer and adolescent alcohol use. Addict Behav 2015; 51:120-6. [PMID: 26255636 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ample studies discuss the enhancing effects of peer drinking on student alcohol use. In addition, there is vast research on school climate impact on student alcohol use. Though these two areas are intertwined for most young adolescents, it is heretofore not completely clear, in what way these characteristics functionally interact and affect drinking behavior. METHODS In a longitudinal study, we analyzed a sample of 2490 German adolescents (Mage=13.32, SD=0.57, range=8-13) from 5th (fall 2010) to 8th (fall 2013) grade. We discerned mediating (class climate) and moderating (school organization variables) functions of school on the association between peer and adolescent alcohol use, and finally combined them in direct effect moderated mediation models for a variety of outcomes (lifetime alcohol use, frequency and amount of drinking, binge drinking), adjusting for possible confounders. RESULTS Class climate mediated a small significant part of the association between peer and adolescent alcohol use (1.8-2.4%), with the exception of lifetime drinking. Student-teacher ratio and percentage of at-risk students significantly moderated the peer-adolescent association, with the latter having an enhancing and the first having a buffering effect. CONCLUSIONS School life serves as an important context of adolescent development and as such, seems to have direct and indirect effects on behavior and health. Future research should pay attention to differentiating effects of school climate and include both forms of operationalization when analyzing school effects on student behavior.
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Holtes M, Bannink R, Joosten-van Zwanenburg E, van As E, Raat H, Broeren S. Associations of Truancy, Perceived School Performance, and Mental Health With Alcohol Consumption Among Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2015; 85:852-860. [PMID: 26522174 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations of truancy, perceived school performance, and mental health with adolescents' week, weekend, and binge drinking. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1167 secondary school students of Dutch ethnicity (mean age, 15.9 years, SD = 0.69). Alcohol consumption, truancy, perceived school performance, and mental health status were assessed with self-report questionnaires. Ordinal regression analyses were performed to assess the associations. RESULTS Truancy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-3.77) and poorer mental health (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07) were associated with binge drinking more often. Truancy (OR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.14-3.16) and poorer mental health (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) were also associated with drinking (more) alcohol on week days. Furthermore, truancy (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.76-3.83) and having an average (OR = 1.81; 95% CI, 1.19-2.77) or less than average (OR = 3.65; 95% CI, 1.93-6.90) perceived school performance were associated with drinking (more) alcohol on the weekend. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this study suggest that adolescents who are truant and/or have a poor mental health status are at increased risk of binge and week drinking. Furthermore, adolescents who are truant and/or have an average or less than average perceived school performance are at increased risk of weekend drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Holtes
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rienke Bannink
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Els van As
- Department of Youth Health Care, Consortium Rivas - Careyn, PO Box 90, 4200 AB, Gorinchem, the Netherlands.
| | - Hein Raat
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Suzanne Broeren
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zenic N, Ostojic L, Sisic N, Pojskic H, Peric M, Uljevic O, Sekulic D. Examination of the community-specific prevalence of and factors associated with substance use and misuse among Rural and Urban adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009446. [PMID: 26546145 PMCID: PMC4636607 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The community of residence (ie, urban vs rural) is one of the known factors of influence on substance use and misuse (SUM). The aim of this study was to explore the community-specific prevalence of SUM and the associations that exist between scholastic, familial, sports and sociodemographic factors with SUM in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, which was completed between November and December 2014, the participants were 957 adolescents (aged 17 to 18 years) from Bosnia and Herzegovina (485; 50.6% females). The independent variables were sociodemographic, academic, sport and familial factors. The dependent variables consisted of questions on cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. We have calculated differences between groups of participants (gender, community), while the logistic regressions were applied to define associations between the independent and dependent variables. RESULTS In the urban community, cigarette smoking is more prevalent in girls (OR=2.05; 95% CI 1.27 to 3.35), while harmful drinking is more prevalent in boys (OR=2.07; 95% CI 1.59 to 2.73). When data are weighted by gender and community, harmful drinking is more prevalent in urban boys (OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.31 to 2.95), cigarette smoking is more frequent in rural boys (OR=1.61; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.39), and urban girls misuse substances to a greater extent than rural girls (OR=1.70; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.51,OR=2.85; 95% CI 1.88 to 4.31,OR=2.78; 95% CI 1.67 to 4.61 for cigarette smoking, harmful drinking and simultaneous smoking-drinking, respectively). Academic failure is strongly associated with a higher likelihood of SUM. The associations between parental factors and SUM are more evident in urban youth. Sports factors are specifically correlated with SUM for urban girls. CONCLUSIONS Living in an urban environment should be considered as a higher risk factor for SUM in girls. Parental variables are more strongly associated with SUM among urban youth, most probably because of the higher parental involvement in children' personal lives in urban communities (ie, college plans, for example). Specific indicators should be monitored in the prevention of SUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Zenic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ljerka Ostojic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nedim Sisic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Haris Pojskic
- Department for Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Mia Peric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ognjen Uljevic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- University Department of Health Care Studies, Split, Croatia
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Crutzen R, Giabbanelli PJ, Jander A, Mercken L, de Vries H. Identifying binge drinkers based on parenting dimensions and alcohol-specific parenting practices: building classifiers on adolescent-parent paired data. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:747. [PMID: 26243154 PMCID: PMC4526422 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most Dutch adolescents aged 16 to 18 engage in binge drinking. Previous studies have investigated how parenting dimensions and alcohol-specific parenting practices are related to adolescent alcohol consumption. Mixed results have been obtained on both dimensions and practices, highlighting the complexity of untangling alcohol-related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether parents' reports of parenting dimensions and alcohol-specific parenting practices, adolescents' perceptions of these dimensions and practices, or a combination are most informative to identify binge drinkers, and (2) which of these parenting dimensions and alcohol-specific parenting practices are most informative to identify binge drinkers. METHODS Survey data of 499 adolescent-parent dyads were collected. The computational technique of data mining was used to allow for a data driven exploration of nonlinear relationships. Specifically, a binary classification task, using an alternating decision tree, was conducted and measures regarding the performance of the classifiers are reported after a 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS Depending on the parenting dimension or practice, parents' reports correctly identified the drinking behaviour of 55.8% (using psychological control) up to 70.2% (using rules) of adolescents. Adolescents' perceptions were best at identifying binge drinkers whereas parents' perceptions were best at identifying non-binge drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Of the parenting dimensions and practices, rules are particularly informative in understanding drinking behaviour. Adolescents' perceptions and parents' reports are complementary as they can help identifying binge drinkers and non-binge drinkers respectively, indicating that surveying specific aspects of adolescent-parent dynamics can improve our understanding of complex addictive behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Philippe J Giabbanelli
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK. .,Interdisciplinary Research in the Mathematical and Computational Sciences (IRMACS) Centre, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
| | - Astrid Jander
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Liesbeth Mercken
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Groß C, Kraus L, Piontek D, Reis O, Zimmermann US. Prediction of Long-Term Outcomes in Young Adults with a History of Adolescent Alcohol-Related Hospitalization. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:47-53. [PMID: 26113489 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Empirical data concerning the long-term psychosocial development of adolescents admitted to inpatient treatment with alcohol intoxication (AIA) are lacking. The aim of this study was to identify the factors that, at the time of admission, predict future substance use, alcohol use disorders (AUD), mental health treatment, delinquency and life satisfaction. METHODS We identified 1603 cases of AIA treated between 2000 and 2007 in one of five pediatric departments in Germany. These former patients were invited to participate in a telephone interview. Medical records were retrospectively analyzed extracting potential variables predicting long-term outcomes. RESULTS Interviews were conducted with 277 individuals, 5-13 [mean 8.3 (SD 2.3)] years after treatment, with a response rate of 22.7%; of these, 44.8% were female. Mean age at the interview was 24.4 (SD 2.2) years. Logistic and linear regression models revealed that being male, using illicit substances and truancy or runaway behavior in adolescence predicted binge drinking, alcohol dependence, use of illicit substances and poor general life satisfaction in young adulthood, explaining between 13 and 24% of the variance for the different outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS This naturalistic study confirms that known risk factors for the development of AUD also apply to AIA. This finding facilitates targeted prevention efforts for those cases of AIA who need more than the standard brief intervention for aftercare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Groß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich 80804, Germany Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, SoRAD, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | | | - Olaf Reis
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medicine of Rostock, Rostock 18147, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
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