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Choo-Kang C, Reese TO, Micklesfield LK, Bovet P, Bedu-Addo K, Forrester T, Gilbert JA, Goedecke JH, Plange-Rhule J, Lambert EV, Layden BT, Rae DE, Viswanathan B, Luke A, Dugas L. Silhouette showcards confirm altered obesity-associated body image perception in international cohort study of African-origin populations. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e065498. [PMID: 38458795 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and need for effective interventions, there is a growing interest in understanding how an individual's body image can inform obesity prevention and management. This study's objective was to examine the use of silhouette showcards to measure body size perception compared with measured body mass index, and assess body size dissatisfaction, in three different African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. An ancillary objective was to investigate associations between body size perception and dissatisfaction with diabetes and hypertension. SETTING Research visits were completed in local research clinics in respective countries. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and fifty-one African-origin participants from the USA and the Republic of Seychelles (both high-income countries), and Ghana (low/middle-income country). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Silhouette showcards were used to measure perceived body size and body size dissatisfaction. Objectively measured body size was measured using a scale and stadiometer. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL and hypertension was defined as ≥130 mm Hg/80 mm Hg. RESULTS Most women and men from the USA and Seychelles had 'Perceived minus Actual weight status Discrepancy' scores less than 0, meaning they underestimated their actual body size. Similarly, most overweight or obese men and women also underestimated their body size, while normal weight men and women were accurately able to estimate their body size. Finally, participants with diabetes were able to accurately estimate their body size and similarly desired a smaller body size. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that overweight and obese women and men from countries spanning the epidemiological transition were unable to accurately perceive their actual body size. Understanding people's perception of their body size is critical to implementing successful obesity prevention programmes across the epidemiological transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Scienes, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Tyler O Reese
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Bharathi Viswanathan
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Republic of Seychelles Ministry of Health, Mont Fleuri, Seychelles
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lara Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Li X. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Sarcopenia in Older Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3417. [PMID: 37571354 PMCID: PMC10420903 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior, fruit and vegetable intake, and the risk of sarcopenia among older Chinese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 5418 older Chinese adults who participated in the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE). Participants reported information about their physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits (fruit and vegetable intake). Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass and either a slow gait speed or weak handgrip strength. A multiple logistic regression model was employed to determine the relationship between MVPA, sedentary behavior, fruit and vegetable intake, and the risk of sarcopenia. RESULTS Only 32.63% of participants met all three recommendations (for MVPA, sedentary behavior, and fruit and vegetable intake). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all three recommendations was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41-0.98). Moreover, meeting the recommendation for sufficient fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.58-0.83), MVPA and fruit/vegetable intake (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86), and sedentary behavior and fruit/vegetable intake (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.98) was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that in this large representative sample of older Chinese adults, meeting lifestyle recommendations for MVPA, sedentary behavior, and fruit and vegetable intake protected against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yongzhi Ma
- Martial Arts Culture Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Evenson KR, Scherer E, Peter KM, Cuthbertson CC, Eckman S. Historical development of accelerometry measures and methods for physical activity and sedentary behavior research worldwide: A scoping review of observational studies of adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276890. [PMID: 36409738 PMCID: PMC9678297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This scoping review identified observational studies of adults that utilized accelerometry to assess physical activity and sedentary behavior. Key elements on accelerometry data collection were abstracted to describe current practices and completeness of reporting. We searched three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus) on June 1, 2021 for articles published up to that date. We included studies of non-institutionalized adults with an analytic sample size of at least 500. The search returned 5686 unique records. After reviewing 1027 full-text publications, we identified and abstracted accelerometry characteristics on 155 unique observational studies (154 cross-sectional/cohort studies and 1 case control study). The countries with the highest number of studies included the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. Fewer studies were identified from the continent of Africa. Five of these studies were distributed donor studies, where participants connected their devices to an application and voluntarily shared data with researchers. Data collection occurred between 1999 to 2019. Most studies used one accelerometer (94.2%), but 8 studies (5.2%) used 2 accelerometers and 1 study (0.6%) used 4 accelerometers. Accelerometers were more commonly worn on the hip (48.4%) as compared to the wrist (22.3%), thigh (5.4%), other locations (14.9%), or not reported (9.0%). Overall, 12.7% of the accelerometers collected raw accelerations and 44.6% were worn for 24 hours/day throughout the collection period. The review identified 155 observational studies of adults that collected accelerometry, utilizing a wide range of accelerometer data processing methods. Researchers inconsistently reported key aspects of the process from collection to analysis, which needs addressing to support accurate comparisons across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elissa Scherer
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kennedy M. Peter
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carmen C. Cuthbertson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Eckman
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Foley L, Brugulat-Panés A, Woodcock J, Govia I, Hambleton I, Turner-Moss E, Mogo ERI, Awinja AC, Dambisya PM, Matina SS, Micklesfield L, Abdool Karim S, Ware LJ, Tulloch-Reid M, Assah F, Pley C, Bennett N, Pujol-Busquets G, Okop K, Anand T, Mba CM, Kwan H, Mukoma G, Anil M, Tatah L, Randall L. Socioeconomic and gendered inequities in travel behaviour in Africa: Mixed-method systematic review and meta-ethnography. Soc Sci Med 2022; 292:114545. [PMID: 34802781 PMCID: PMC8783052 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Travel has individual, societal and planetary health implications. We explored socioeconomic and gendered differences in travel behaviour in Africa, to develop an understanding of travel-related inequity. We conducted a mixed-methods systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019124802). In 2019, we searched MEDLINE, TRID, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Global Health, Africa Index Medicus, CINAHL and MediCarib for studies examining travel behaviour by socioeconomic status and gender in Africa. We appraised study quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. We synthesised qualitative data using meta-ethnography, followed by a narrative synthesis of quantitative data, and integrated qualitative and quantitative strands using pattern matching principles. We retrieved 103 studies (20 qualitative, 24 mixed-methods, 59 quantitative). From the meta-ethnography, we observed that travel is: intertwined with social mobility; necessary to access resources; associated with cost and safety barriers; typified by long distances and slow modes; and dictated by gendered social expectations. We also observed that: motorised transport is needed in cities; walking is an unsafe, 'captive' mode; and urban and transport planning are uncoordinated. From these observations, we derived hypothesised patterns that were tested using the quantitative data, and found support for these overall. In lower socioeconomic individuals, travel inequity entailed reliance on walking and paratransit (informal public transport), being unable to afford travel, travelling less overall, and travelling long distances in hazardous conditions. In women and girls, travel inequity entailed reliance on walking and lack of access to private vehicles, risk of personal violence, societally-imposed travel constraints, and household duties shaping travel. Limitations included lack of analytical rigour in qualitative studies and a preponderance of cross-sectional quantitative studies (offering a static view of an evolving process). Overall, we found that travel inequity in Africa perpetuates socioeconomic and gendered disadvantage. Proposed solutions focus on improving the safety, efficiency and affordability of public transport and walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Foley
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Ian Hambleton
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | | | - Ebele R I Mogo
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip M Dambisya
- Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sostina Spiwe Matina
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa Micklesfield
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Safura Abdool Karim
- SAMRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa Jayne Ware
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Felix Assah
- Health of Populations in Transition (HoPiT) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Caitlin Pley
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Bennett
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Georgina Pujol-Busquets
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (Open University of Catalonia, UOC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kufre Okop
- Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), ESSM, FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), Faculty of Humanities, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanmay Anand
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Camille M Mba
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haowen Kwan
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gudani Mukoma
- SAMRC-Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Megha Anil
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lambed Tatah
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Randall
- SAMRC Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science - PRICELESS SA, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
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5
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Baghdan D, Dugas LR, Choo-Kang C, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Viswanathan B, Forrester T, Lambert EV, Riesen W, Korte W, Choudhry MA, Luke A. The associations between alcohol intake and cardiometabolic risk in African-origin adults spanning the epidemiologic transition. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2210. [PMID: 34863124 PMCID: PMC8642964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiometabolic (CM) risk affects approximately 25% of adults globally, and is diagnosed by meeting 3 out of 5 of the following CM risk factors: elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, elevated blood sugar, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, and abdominal obesity. Adults with CM risk are approximately 22% more likely to have higher mortality rates, and alcohol consumption may be associated with higher CM risk. While previous studies have investigated this potential connection, the majority of them did not include African-origin adults. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the association between alcohol intake and CM risk in 5 African-origin cohorts, spanning the epidemiologic transition in Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and the United States of America. Methods Measurements included clinical measures for CM risk and self-reported alcohol consumption. Each participant was categorized into one of three drinking categories: non-drinker, light drinker (1–3 drinks daily for men and 1–2 drinks daily for women) and heavy drinker (4 or more drinks every day for men and 3 or more drinks per day for women). Using non-drinker status as the reference, the association between alcohol consumption status and prevalence of each of the five CM risk factors and overall elevated CM risk (having 3 out of 5 risk factors) was explored, adjusting for site, age and sex. Associations were explored using logistic regression and significance was determined using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results Neither light nor heavy drinking was associated with increased odds for having higher CM risk compared to nondrinkers (OR = 1.05, p = 0.792 and OR = 1.11, p = 0.489, respectively). However, light drinking was associated with lower odds for having low high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol (OR = 0.69, p = 0.002) and increased risk for high triglycerides (OR = 1.48, p = 0.030). Heavy drinking was associated with elevated blood pressure (OR = 1.59, p = 0.002), high triglycerides (OR = 1.73, p = 0.006) and decreased risk of low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.621, p < 0.0005). Finally, country-specific analyses indicated that the relationship between heavy drinking and elevated CM risk varied widely across sites. Conclusion While several CM risk factors were associated with alcohol consumption, the associations were inconsistent and varied widely across five international cohorts of African-origin. Future studies should focus on understanding the individual site-related effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-12128-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Baghdan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences & Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences & Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences & Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | | | | | - Bharathi Viswanathan
- Ministry of Health and Social Development, Public Health Authority, Victoria Hospital, Mahé, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Amy Luke
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences & Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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6
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Mehta S, Ruth Dugas L, Choo-Kang C, Bovet P, Forrester T, Bedu-Addo K, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Riesen W, Korte W, Luke A. Consumption of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Improved Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Four African-Origin Populations Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition. Nutrients 2021; 13:2442. [PMID: 34371950 PMCID: PMC8308507 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are of increasing interest because of their favorable effect on cardiometabolic risk. This study explores the association between omega 6 and 3 fatty acids intake and cardiometabolic risk in four African-origin populations spanning the epidemiological transition. Data are obtained from a cohort of 2500 adults aged 25-45 enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS), from the US, Ghana, Jamaica, and the Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24 h recalls from the Nutrient Data System for Research (NDSR). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk was analyzed by comparing the lowest and highest quartile of omega-3 (EPA+ DHA) consumption and by comparing participants who consumed a ratio of arachidonic acid (AA)/EPA + DHA ≤4:1 and >4:1. Data were analyzed using multiple variable logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, activity, calorie intake, alcohol intake, and smoking status. The lowest quartile of EPA + DHA intake is associated with cardiometabolic risk 2.16 (1.45, 3.2), inflammation 1.59 (1.17, 2.16), and obesity 2.06 (1.50, 2.82). Additionally, consuming an AA/EPA + DHA ratio of >4:1 is also associated with cardiometabolic risk 1.80 (1.24, 2.60), inflammation 1.47 (1.06, 2.03), and obesity 1.72 (1.25, 2.39). Our findings corroborate previous research supporting a beneficial role for monounsaturated fatty acids in reducing cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supal Mehta
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Lara Ruth Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Unit for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Health, Victoria P.O. Box 52, Seychelles
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Estelle Vicki Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; (K.B.-A.); (J.P.-R.)
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine St. Gallen, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland; (W.R.); (W.K.)
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; (C.C.-K.); (A.L.)
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7
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Okoro PC, Schubert R, Guo X, Johnson WC, Rotter JI, Hoeschele I, Liu Y, Im HK, Luke A, Dugas LR, Wheeler HE. Transcriptome prediction performance across machine learning models and diverse ancestries. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100019. [PMID: 33937878 PMCID: PMC8087249 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome prediction methods such as PrediXcan and FUSION have become popular in complex trait mapping. Most transcriptome prediction models have been trained in European populations using methods that make parametric linear assumptions like the elastic net (EN). To potentially further optimize imputation performance of gene expression across global populations, we built transcriptome prediction models using both linear and non-linear machine learning (ML) algorithms and evaluated their performance in comparison to EN. We trained models using genotype and blood monocyte transcriptome data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) comprising individuals of African, Hispanic, and European ancestries and tested them using genotype and whole-blood transcriptome data from the Modeling the Epidemiology Transition Study (METS) comprising individuals of African ancestries. We show that the prediction performance is highest when the training and the testing population share similar ancestries regardless of the prediction algorithm used. While EN generally outperformed random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and K nearest neighbor (KNN), we found that RF outperformed EN for some genes, particularly between disparate ancestries, suggesting potential robustness and reduced variability of RF imputation performance across global populations. When applied to a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) phenotype, we show including RF prediction models in PrediXcan revealed potential gene associations missed by EN models. Therefore, by integrating other ML modeling into PrediXcan and diversifying our training populations to include more global ancestries, we may uncover new genes associated with complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Okoro
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan Schubert
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - W Craig Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute and Department of Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hae Kyung Im
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather E Wheeler
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Rae DE, Dugas LR, Roden LC, Lambert EV, Bovet P, Plange-Rhule J, Forrester T, Riesen W, Korte W, Crowley SJ, Reutrakul S, Luke A. Associations between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in young African-origin adults from the five-country modeling the epidemiologic transition study (METS). Sleep Health 2020; 6:469-477. [PMID: 32321687 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between self-reported sleep duration and cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors in African-origin adults residing in five countries spanning the epidemiologic transition. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Ghanaian (n = 491), South African (n = 503), Jamaican (n = 508), Seychellois (n = 501) and American (n = 480) men and women. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported sleep duration was obtained using questionnaires. Sex- and site-stratified logistic regression analyses investigated relationships between sleep duration, individual CM risk factors and a binary CM risk variable (presence of ≥3 CM risk factors), adjusting for age, physical activity and education. RESULTS Sleep duration distributions varied by cohort: 44.5%, 41.4%, 35.9%, 16.8% and 2.5% of American, Jamaican, Seychellois, Ghanaian and South African men reported <7 h sleep per night respectively (p < 0.001). Similarly, 42.6%, 28.6%, 25.2%, 12.8% and 1.5% of American, Jamaican, Seychellois, Ghanaian and South African women reported <7 h sleep respectively (p < 0.001). American men reporting ≤6 h sleep were more likely to be in the elevated CM risk group (OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.02, 6.22, p = 0.045) and to have a high waist circumference (OR: 2.44, 95%CI: 1.07, 5.57, p = 0.034) compared to those reporting 8 h sleep. Jamaican women reporting ≤6 h sleep (OR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.19, 5.36, p = 0.016) and American women reporting 7 h sleep (OR: 2.71, 95%CI: 1.17, 6.26, p = 0.002) were more likely to be obese than those reporting 8 h sleep. CONCLUSIONS Associations between short sleep and CM risk factors were only evident in the American men and women and Jamaican women. Future interventions to address CM risk and sleep health may need to be country-specific when targeting high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Elizabeth Rae
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Lara Ruth Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Catherine Roden
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 2DS, UK
| | - Estelle Vicki Lambert
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre & Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland & Ministry of Health, Seychelles
| | | | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Chen X, Sun H, Jiang F, Shen Y, Li X, Hu X, Shen X, Wei P. Alteration of the gut microbiota associated with childhood obesity by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8317. [PMID: 31976177 PMCID: PMC6968493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a global epidemic in the industrialized and developing world, and many children suffer from obesity-related complications. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might have significant effect on the development of obesity. The microbiota continues to develop through childhood and thus childhood may be the prime time for microbiota interventions to realize health promotion or disease prevention. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the structure and function of pediatric gut microbiota. Methods According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, twenty-three normal weight and twenty-eight obese children were recruited from Nanjing, China. Genomic DNA was extracted from fecal samples. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR, and sequencing was applied to analyze the gut microbiota diversity and composition using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Results The number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed a decrease in the diversity of gut microbiota with increasing body weight. The alpha diversity indices showed that the normal weight group had higher abundance and observed species than the obese group (Chao1: P < 0.001; observed species: P < 0.001; PD whole tree: P < 0.001; Shannon index: P = 0.008). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the normal weight group and the obese group. The liner discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that fifty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the fecal samples of the normal weight group and forty-five species of bacteria were abundant in the obese group. In regard to phyla, the gut microbiota in the obese group had lower proportions of Bacteroidetes (51.35%) compared to the normal weight group (55.48%) (P = 0.030). There was no statistical difference in Firmicutes between the two groups (P = 0.436), and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes between the two groups had no statistical difference (P = 0.983). At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospira, Megamonas, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant in the obese group than in the normal weight group (P = 0.048, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, P = 0.040, and P = 0.003, respectively). The fecal microbiota of children in the obese group had lower proportions of Oscillospira and Dialister compared to the normal weight group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions Our results showed a decrease in gut microbiota abundance and diversity as the BMI increased. Variations in the bacterial community structure were associated with obesity. Gut microbiota dysbiosis might play a crucial part in the development of obesity in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Kramer H, Kalantar-Zadeh K. Obesity, preterm birth and kidney disease: a global epidemic. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34:1653-1656. [PMID: 31579925 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Kam Kalantar-Zadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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11
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Guariguata L, Brown C, Sobers N, Hambleton I, Samuels TA, Unwin N. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the social determinants of diabetes and related risk factors in the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e171. [PMID: 31093199 PMCID: PMC6385809 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct an analysis of the most recent data on diabetes and its risk factors by gender and other social determinants of health to understand why its prevalence is higher among women than men in the Caribbean; to inform policy agenda-setting for diabetes prevention and control in the Caribbean; and to identify gaps in the evidence that require further research. METHODS A previous systematic review of the literature describing studies conducted in the Caribbean that presented the distribution of diabetes, its outcomes, and risk factors, by one or more social determinants, was updated to include sources from 1 January 2007 - 31 December 2016. Surveys by the World Health Organization (WHO) were also included. Where data were sufficient, meta-analyses were undertaken. RESULTS A total of 8 326 manuscripts were identified. Of those, 282 were selected for full text review, and 114, for abstraction. In all, 36 papers, including WHO-related surveys, had sufficient information for meta-analysis. More women compared to men were obese (OR: 2.1; 95%CI = 1.65 - 2.69), physically inactive (OR: 2.18; 95%CI = 1.75 - 2.72), and had diabetes (OR: 1.48; 95%CI = 1.25 - 1.76). More men smoked (OR: 4.27; 95%CI = 3.18 - 5.74) and had inadequate fruit and vegetable intake (OR: 1.37; 95%CI = 1.21 - 1.57). CONCLUSION Thirty-six papers were added to the previously conducted systematic review; of those, 13 were added to the meta-analysis. Diabetes and its risk factors (primarily obesity and physical inactivity) continue to disproportionately affect women in the Caribbean. Smoking interventions should be targeted at men in this geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Guariguata
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - Catherine Brown
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - Natasha Sobers
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - Ian Hambleton
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - T. Alafia Samuels
- George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados.
| | - Nigel Unwin
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Dugas LR, Bernabé BP, Priyadarshini M, Fei N, Park SJ, Brown L, Plange-Rhule J, Nelson D, Toh EC, Gao X, Dong Q, Sun J, Kliethermes S, Gottel N, Luke A, Gilbert JA, Layden BT. Decreased microbial co-occurrence network stability and SCFA receptor level correlates with obesity in African-origin women. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17135. [PMID: 30459320 PMCID: PMC6244201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the gut microbial populations in 100 women, from rural Ghana and urban US [50% lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 50% obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)] to examine the ecological co-occurrence network topology of the gut microbiota as well as the relationship of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with obesity. Ghanaians consumed significantly more dietary fiber, had greater microbial alpha-diversity, different beta-diversity, and had a greater concentration of total fecal SCFAs (p-value < 0.002). Lean Ghanaians had significantly greater network density, connectivity and stability than either obese Ghanaians, or lean and obese US participants (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p-value ≤ 0.01). Bacteroides uniformis was significantly more abundant in lean women, irrespective of country (FDR corrected p < 0.001), while lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater proportion of Ruminococcus callidus, Prevotella copri, and Escherichia coli, and smaller proportions of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Lean Ghanaians had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that catalyzed the production of butyric acid via the fermentation of pyruvate or branched amino-acids, while obese Ghanaians and US women (irrespective of BMI) had a significantly greater abundance of predicted microbial genes that encoded for enzymes associated with the fermentation of amino-acids such as alanine, aspartate, lysine and glutamate. Similar to lean Ghanaian women, mice humanized with stool from the lean Ghanaian participant had a significantly lower abundance of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and were resistant to obesity following 6-weeks of high fat feeding (p-value < 0.01). Obesity-resistant mice also showed increased intestinal transcriptional expression of the free fatty acid (Ffa) receptor Ffa2, in spite of similar fecal SCFAs concentrations. We demonstrate that the association between obesity resistance and increased predicted ecological connectivity and stability of the lean Ghanaian microbiota, as well as increased local SCFA receptor level, provides evidence of the importance of robust gut ecologic network in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | | | - Medha Priyadarshini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Na Fei
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seo Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laquita Brown
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - David Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Evelyn C Toh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Qunfeng Dong
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephanie Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Neil Gottel
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Dugas LR, Lie L, Plange-Rhule J, Bedu-Addo K, Bovet P, Lambert EV, Forrester TE, Luke A, Gilbert JA, Layden BT. Gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and obesity across the epidemiologic transition: the METS-Microbiome study protocol. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:978. [PMID: 30081857 PMCID: PMC6090745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While some of the variance observed in adiposity and weight change within populations can be accounted for by traditional risk factors, a new factor, the gut microbiota, has recently been associated with obesity. However, the causal mechanisms through which the gut microbiota and its metabolites, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) influence obesity are unknown, as are the individual obesogenic effects of the individual SCFAs (butyrate, acetate and propionate). This study, METS-Microbiome, proposes to examine the influence of novel risk factors, the gut microbiota and SCFAs, on obesity, adiposity and weight change in an international established cohort spanning the epidemiologic transition. METHODS The parent study; Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study (METS) is a well-established and ongoing prospective cohort study designed to assess the association between body composition, physical activity, and relative weight, weight gain and cardiometabolic disease risk in five diverse population-based samples in 2500 people of African descent. The cohort has been prospectively followed since 2009. Annual measures of obesity risk factors, including body composition, objectively measured physical activity and dietary intake, components which vary across the spectrum of social and economic development. In our new study; METS-Microbiome, in addition to continuing yearly measures of obesity risk, we will also measure gut microbiota and stool SCFAs in all contactable participants, and follow participants for a further 3 years, thus providing one of the largest gut microbiota population-based studies to date. DISCUSSION This new study capitalizes upon an existing, extensively well described cohort of adults of African-origin, with significant variability as a result of the widespread geographic distributions, and therefore variation in the environmental covariate exposures. The METS-Microbiome study will substantially advance the understanding of the role gut microbiota and SCFAs play in the development of obesity and provide novel obesity therapeutic targets targeting SCFAs producing features of the gut microbiota. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered NCT03378765 Date first posted: December 20, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Louise Lie
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, SMS, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Republic of Seychelles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence E. Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston Jamaica
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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14
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Lie L, Brown L, Forrester TE, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Lambert EV, Layden BT, Luke A, Dugas LR. The Association of Dietary Fiber Intake with Cardiometabolic Risk in Four Countries across the Epidemiologic Transition. Nutrients 2018; 10:E628. [PMID: 29772682 PMCID: PMC5986507 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest burden of cardiovascular disease is now carried by developing countries with cardiometabolic conditions such as metabolic syndrome, obesity and inflammation believed to be the driving force behind this epidemic. Dietary fiber is known to have protective effects against obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Considering the emerging prevalence of these cardiometabolic disease states across the epidemiologic transition, the objective of this study is to explore these associations of dietary fiber with cardiometabolic risk factors in four countries across the epidemiologic transition. We examined population-based samples of men and women, aged 25⁻45 of African origin from Ghana, Jamaica, the Seychelles and the USA. Ghanaians had the lowest prevalence of obesity (10%), while Jamaicans had the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome (5%) across all the sites. Participants from the US presented with the highest prevalence of obesity (52%), and metabolic syndrome (22%). Overall, the Ghanaians consumed the highest dietary fiber (24.9 ± 9.7 g), followed by Jamaica (16.0 ± 8.3 g), the Seychelles (13.6 ± 7.2 g) and the lowest in the USA (14.2 ± 7.1 g). Consequently, 43% of Ghanaians met the fiber dietary guidelines (14 g/1000 kcal/day), 9% of Jamaicans, 6% of Seychellois, and only 3% of US adults. Across all sites, cardiometabolic risk (metabolic syndrome, inflammation and obesity) was inversely associated with dietary fiber intake, such that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 13% for those in the lowest quartile of fiber intake, compared to 9% those in the highest quartile of fiber intake. Notably, twice as many of participants (38%) in the lowest quartile were obese compared to those in the highest quartile of fiber intake (18%). These findings further support the need to incorporate strategies and policies to promote increased dietary fiber intake as one component for the prevention of cardiometabolic risk in all countries spanning the epidemiologic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Lie
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Laquita Brown
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Unit for the Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Mahè Island, Republic of Seychelles.
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1010, Switzerland.
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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15
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Creber C, Cooper RS, Plange-Rhule J, Bovet P, Lambert EV, Forrester TE, Schoeller D, Riesen W, Korte W, Cao G, Luke A, Dugas LR. Independent association of resting energy expenditure with blood pressure: confirmation in populations of the African diaspora. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:4. [PMID: 29320983 PMCID: PMC5763572 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension, however, the physiologic mechanisms linking increased adiposity to elevations in blood pressure are not well described. An increase in resting energy expenditure (REE) is an obligatory consequence of obesity. Previous survey research has demonstrated that REE is an independent predictor of blood pressure, and eliminates the co-linear association of body mass index. This observation has received little attention and there have been no attempts to provide a causal explanation. METHODS At baseline in an international comparative study on obesity, 289 participants aged 25-44 were recruited from communities in the US, the Seychelles, Ghana and South Africa and had REE measured with indirect calorimetry. All participants were thought to be free of major illness. RESULTS In multivariate regression models, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with REE (p < 0.01), while body mass index and fat mass were negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01, and p < 0.05 respectively), but not diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous reports and suggest that a common physiologic abnormality links REE and blood pressure. Elevated catecholamines, a putative metabolic characteristic of obesity, is a possible candidate to explain this association. The direct role of excess adipose tissue is open to question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Creber
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Mahè Island, Seychelles
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence E. Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston Jamaica
| | - Dale Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Walter Riesen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Guichan Cao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
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16
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McGrath S, Brazel D, Dugas L, Cao G, Durazo-Arvizu R, Luke A. Physical activity and central adiposity in a cohort of African-American adults. BMC OBESITY 2017; 4:34. [PMID: 29177056 PMCID: PMC5688823 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-017-0170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is known as an independent predictor of cardiometabolic risk and all-cause mortality, while increased physical activity has been shown to improve cardiometabolic risk. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether or not there is an association between objectively-measured physical activity and VAT in a community-based cohort of African-American adults, a population at higher-than-average risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods Free-living physical activity was quantified using accelerometry while VAT and abdominal subcutaneous fat were estimated using dual x-ray absorptiometry in a cohort of African Americans, ages 30–50 years, enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the degree of association comparing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous activity, and sedentary behavior with measures of central adiposity including VAT, subcutaneous fat, and waist circumference. Results A total of 271 individuals with complete data were included in the analyses. Women, on average, had significantly more VAT and abdominal subcutaneous fat than men. There were statistically significant inverse univariate correlations between MVPA and measures of abdominal adiposity (−0.30, p < 0.001) and activity counts and adiposity (−0.31, p < 0.001) among both sexes. These significant associations remained after controlling for age, sex, and smoking status; neither alcohol consumption nor employment status were associated with abdominal adiposity. Time in sedentary behavior was not meaningfully associated with central adiposity in either sex (women: −0.02, p = 0.79; men: −0.21, p = 0.04). Conclusions To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify significant inverse associations between MVPA and measures of central adiposity among African American adults from a community-based cohort using an objective measure of physical activity and a validated quantitative imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McGrath
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Danielle Brazel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Lara Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Guichan Cao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Ramon Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
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17
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Castro EA, Júdice PB, Silva AM, Teixeira PJ, Benito PJ. Sedentary behavior and compensatory mechanisms in response to different doses of exercise-a randomized controlled trial in overweight and obese adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1393-1398. [PMID: 28561039 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To examine compensatory changes in sedentary behavior (SB) and light-intensity physical activities (LIPA) in response to a 22-week exercise training program in overweight/obese adults; and to determine if different forms of exercise training and physical activity recommendations interact with these compensatory changes. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighty-nine overweight and obese individuals (body mass index (BMI): 25-34.9 kg/m2, 48% males), aged 18-50 years, were randomized into four intervention groups (strength, endurance, combined strength + endurance and physical activity recommendations) with a 25-30% caloric restriction of total daily energy expenditure for 22 weeks. Energy expenditure was measured by accelerometry before, during and after the program. RESULTS LIPA increased significantly (P<0.001) after three months and at the end of intervention compared to baseline (pre: 281±9 min; 3 months: 303±9 min; post: 312±8 min). SB percentage decreased by 5.3 at the end of the intervention (P=0.002). No interactions were observed between groups or sexes. Significant correlations were found between SB and body weight, fat mass, android fat mass and lean body mass before and after the intervention (P<0.05). LIPA was also significantly correlated with all these body composition variables in the pre-intervention, but only correlated with body weight at the end of intervention. CONCLUSIONS There were no compensatory changes after a combined exercise and diet program; where minutes in LIPA increased and %SB decreased after the program, without differences among exercise modes. Greater physical activity levels can contribute to a better percentage and distribution of body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Castro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Teixeira
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Dugas LR, Kliethermes S, Plange-Rhule J, Tong L, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Schoeller DA, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Shoham DA, Cao G, Brage S, Ekelund U, Cooper RS, Luke A. Accelerometer-measured physical activity is not associated with two-year weight change in African-origin adults from five diverse populations. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2902. [PMID: 28133575 PMCID: PMC5251933 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing population-levels of physical activity (PA) is a controversial strategy for managing the obesity epidemic, given the conflicting evidence for weight loss from PA alone per se. We measured PA and weight change in a three-year prospective cohort study in young adults from five countries (Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles and USA). Methods A total of 1,944 men and women had baseline data, and at least 1 follow-up examination including measures of anthropometry (weight/BMI), and objective PA (accelerometer, 7-day) following the three-year study period. PA was explored as 1-minute bouts of moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as daily sedentary time. Results At baseline; Ghanaian and South African men had the lowest body weights (63.4 ± 9.5, 64.9 ± 11.8 kg, respectively) and men and women from the USA the highest (93.6 ± 25.9, 91.7 ± 23.4 kg, respectively). Prevalence of normal weight ranged from 85% in Ghanaian men to 29% in USA men and 52% in Ghanaian women to 15% in USA women. Over the two-year follow-up period, USA men and Jamaican women experienced the smallest yearly weight change rate (0.1 ± 3.3 kg/yr; −0.03 ± 3.0 kg/yr, respectively), compared to South African men and Ghanaian women greatest yearly change (0.6.0 ± 3.0 kg/yr; 1.22 ± 2.6 kg/yr, respectively). Mean yearly weight gain tended to be larger among normal weight participants at baseline than overweight/obese at baseline. Neither baseline MVPA nor sedentary time were associated with weight gain. Using multiple linear regression, only baseline weight, age and gender were significantly associated with weight gain. Discussion From our study it is not evident that higher volumes of PA alone are protective against future weight gain, and by deduction our data suggest that other environmental factors such as the food environment may have a more critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Stephanie Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Madison , WI , United States
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Liping Tong
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, VD, Switzerland; Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of West Indies, Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison , Madison , WI , United States
| | - Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - David A Shoham
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Guichan Cao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegion School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , IL , United States
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19
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Ofori-Asenso R, Agyeman AA, Laar A, Boateng D. Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana-a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1239. [PMID: 27938360 PMCID: PMC5148846 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many low and middle income countries (LMICs), the distribution of adulthood nutritional imbalance is shifting from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition. This complex problem poses a huge challenge to governments, non-state actors, and individuals desirous of addressing the problem of malnutrition in LMICs. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature towards providing an estimate of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Ghanaians. Methods This study followed the recommendations outlined in the PRISMA statement. Searches were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, google scholar, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and the WHO African Index Medicus database. This retrieved studies (published up to 31st March 2016) that reported overweight and obesity prevalence among Ghanaians. All online searches were supplemented by reference screening of retrieved papers to identify additional studies. Results Forty-three (43) studies involving a total population of 48,966 sampled across all the ten (10) regions of Ghana were selected for the review. Our analysis indicates that nearly 43% of Ghanaian adults are either overweight or obese. The national prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated as 25.4% (95% CI 22.2–28.7%) and 17.1% (95% CI = 14.7–19.5%), respectively. Higher prevalence of overweight (27.2% vs 16.7%) and obesity (20.6% vs 8.0%) were estimated for urban than rural dwellers. Prevalence of overweight (27.8% vs 21.8%) and obesity (21.9% vs 6.0%) were also significantly higher in women than men. About 45.6% of adult diabetes patients in Ghana are either overweight or obese. At the regional level, about 43.4%, 36.9%, 32.4% and 55.2% of residents in Ashanti, Central, Northern and Greater Accra region, respectively are overweight or obese. These patterns generally mimic the levels of urbanization. Per studies’ publication years, consistent increases in overweight and obesity prevalence were observed in Ghana in the period 1998–2016. Conclusions There is a high and rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ghanaian adults. The possible implications on current and future population health, burden of chronic diseases, health care spending and broader economy could be enormous for a country still battling many infectious and parasitic diseases. Public health preventive measures that are appropriate for the Ghanaian context, culturally sensitive, cost-effective and sustainable are urgently needed to tackle this epidemic. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3901-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Research Unit, Health Policy Consult, P. O. Box WJ 537, Weija, Greater-Accra, Ghana.
| | - Akosua Adom Agyeman
- Research Unit, Health Policy Consult, P. O. Box WJ 537, Weija, Greater-Accra, Ghana
| | - Amos Laar
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel Boateng
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Dugas LR, Chorell E, Plange-Rhule J, Lambert EV, Cao G, Cooper RS, Layden BT, Scholten D, Olsson T, Luke A, Goedecke JH. Obesity-related metabolite profiles of black women spanning the epidemiologic transition. Metabolomics 2016; 12:45. [PMID: 27346989 PMCID: PMC4915364 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-0960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, specific metabolites have been associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether a similar profile persists across populations of African-origin, at increased risk for obesity and related diseases. In a cross-sectional study of normal-weight and obese black women (33.3 ± 6.3 years) from the US (N = 69, 65 % obese), South Africa (SA, N = 97, 49 % obese) and Ghana (N = 82, 33 % obese) serum metabolite profiles were characterized via gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. In US and SA women, BMI correlated with branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, as well as dopamine and aminoadipic acid. The relationship between BMI and lipid metabolites differed by site; BMI correlated positively with palmitoleic acid (16:1) in the US; negatively with stearic acid (18:0) in SA, and positively with arachidonic acid (20:4) in Ghana. BMI was also positively associated with sugar-related metabolites in the US; i.e. uric acid, and mannitol, and with glucosamine, glucoronic acid and mannitol in SA. While we identified a common amino acid metabolite profile associated with obesity in black women from the US and SA, we also found site-specific obesity-related metabolites suggesting that the local environment is a key moderator of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guichan Cao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denise Scholten
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Dugas LR, Fuller M, Gilbert J, Layden BT. The obese gut microbiome across the epidemiologic transition. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 2016; 13:2. [PMID: 26759600 PMCID: PMC4710045 DOI: 10.1186/s12982-015-0044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has emerged over the past few decades and is thought to be a result of both genetic and environmental factors. A newly identified factor, the gut microbiota, which is a bacterial ecosystem residing within the gastrointestinal tract of humans, has now been implicated in the obesity epidemic. Importantly, this bacterial community is impacted by external environmental factors through a variety of undefined mechanisms. We focus this review on how the external environment may impact the gut microbiota by considering, the host’s geographic location ‘human geography’, and behavioral factors (diet and physical activity). Moreover, we explore the relationship between the gut microbiota and obesity with these external factors. And finally, we highlight here how an epidemiologic model can be utilized to elucidate causal relationships between the gut microbiota and external environment independently and collectively, and how this will help further define this important new factor in the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
| | - Miles Fuller
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - Jack Gilbert
- Argonne National Laboratory, Biosciences Department, Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 USA ; Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637 USA ; Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA ; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Brian T Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA ; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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22
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Arias-Palencia NM, Solera-Martínez M, Gracia-Marco L, Silva P, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Cañete-García-Prieto J, Sánchez-López M. Levels and Patterns of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Compliance with Different Public Health Guidelines in University Students. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141977. [PMID: 26536605 PMCID: PMC4633238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is associated with health enhancement. The aim of this study was to assess: 1) levels and patterns of PA in university students by using accelerometers; and 2) the percentage of fulfilment of PA recommendations for adults, according to different public health guidelines. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study (Cuenca's Adults Study) involving 296 (206 women) healthy Spanish university students aged 18-25 years old. Participants wore the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Total PA, steps and time spent in sedentary time, light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was assessed, and the prevalence of sufficient PA was calculated according to various public health guidelines. RESULTS No sex differences in total PA were found. University students were more sedentary during weekend days than weekdays (p<0.05). Only 30.3% of participants accumulated 30 min/day at least five days a week of MVPA. A total of 5.4% of students met the recommendation of 150 min/week of MVPA or 75 min/week of vigorous PA, in PA bouts of at least 10 min. using the same definition, but on five or more days a week, only 0.5% students were found to meet the recommendation. In addition, only 0.5% of students met the recommendation of 30 min/day of MVPA, at least five days a week and in bouts of at least 10 min. Finally, 28.1% of the students met the recommendation of 10,000 steps/day. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a high incidence of sedentary time in university students. The number of students meeting PA recommendations significantly differed depending on the recommendation proposed. Specific strategies to promote PA in this population are necessary as well as an agreement as to which PA guidelines should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia María Arias-Palencia
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Education, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Monserrat Solera-Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and Nursing, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- University of Exeter, CHERC Sport and Health Sciences, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Universidad de Zaragoza, GENUD “Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development” Research Group, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Silva
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Centre, Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Education, Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- * E-mail:
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23
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Atiase Y, Farni K, Plange-Rhule J, Luke A, Bovet P, Forrester TG, Lambert V, Levitt NS, Kliethermes S, Cao G, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Cooper RS, Dugas LR. A comparison of indices of glucose metabolism in five black populations: data from modeling the epidemiologic transition study (METS). BMC Public Health 2015; 15:895. [PMID: 26374293 PMCID: PMC4572672 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, Africans and African Americans experience a disproportionate burden of type 2 diabetes, compared to other race and ethnic groups. The aim of the study was to examine the association of plasma glucose with indices of glucose metabolism in young adults of African origin from 5 different countries. Methods We identified participants from the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study, an international study of weight change and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in five populations of African origin: USA (US), Jamaica, Ghana, South Africa, and Seychelles. For the current study, we included 667 participants (34.8 ± 6.3 years), with measures of plasma glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin, as well as moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA, minutes/day [min/day]), daily sedentary time (min/day), anthropometrics, and body composition. Results Among the 282 men, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 22.1 to 29.6 kg/m2 in men and from 25.8 to 34.8 kg/m2 in 385 women. MVPA ranged from 26.2 to 47.1 min/day in men, and from 14.3 to 27.3 min/day in women and correlated with adiposity (BMI, waist size, and % body fat) only among US males after controlling for age. Plasma glucose ranged from 4.6 ± 0.8 mmol/L in the South African men to 5.8 mmol/L US men, while the overall prevalence for diabetes was very low, except in the US men and women (6.7 and 12 %, respectively). Using multivariate linear regression, glucose was associated with BMI, age, sex, smoking hypertension, daily sedentary time but not daily MVPA. Conclusion Obesity, metabolic risk, and other potential determinants vary significantly between populations at differing stages of the epidemiologic transition, requiring tailored public health policies to address local population characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Farni
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | | | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social & Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Switzerland & Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles.
| | - Terrence G Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries (SODECO), University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Vicki Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Naomi S Levitt
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Stephanie Kliethermes
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Guichan Cao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Richard S Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA.
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA. .,Public Health Sciences, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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24
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Sani M, Refinetti R, Jean-Louis G, Pandi-Perumal SR, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Dugas LR, Kafensztok R, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Luke A. Daily activity patterns of 2316 men and women from five countries differing in socioeconomic development. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:650-6. [PMID: 26035482 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1038559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Daily rhythmicity in the locomotor activity of laboratory animals has been studied in great detail for many decades, but the daily pattern of locomotor activity has not received as much attention in humans. We collected waist-worn accelerometer data from more than 2000 individuals from five countries differing in socioeconomic development and conducted a detailed analysis of human locomotor activity. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from height and weight. Individual activity records lasting 7 days were subjected to cosinor analysis to determine the parameters of the daily activity rhythm: mesor (mean level), amplitude (half the range of excursion), acrophase (time of the peak) and robustness (rhythm strength). The activity records of all individual participants exhibited statistically significant 24-h rhythmicity, with activity increasing noticeably a few hours after sunrise and dropping off around the time of sunset, with a peak at 1:42 pm on average. The acrophase of the daily rhythm was comparable in men and women in each country but varied by as much as 3 h from country to country. Quantification of the socioeconomic stages of the five countries yielded suggestive evidence that more developed countries have more obese residents, who are less active, and who are active later in the day than residents from less developed countries. These results provide a detailed characterization of the daily activity pattern of individual human beings and reveal similarities and differences among people from five countries differing in socioeconomic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamane Sani
- Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boise State University , Boise, ID , USA
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25
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Refinetti R, Sani M, Jean-Louis G, Pandi-Perumal SR, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Dugas LR, Kafensztok R, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Luke A. Evidence for daily and weekly rhythmicity but not lunar or seasonal rhythmicity of physical activity in a large cohort of individuals from five different countries. Ann Med 2015; 47:530-7. [PMID: 26402449 PMCID: PMC4667949 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1085125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological rhythmicity has been extensively studied in animals for many decades. Although temporal patterns of physical activity have been identified in humans, no large-scale, multi-national study has been published, and no comparison has been attempted of the ubiquity of activity rhythms at different time scales (such as daily, weekly, monthly, and annual). METHODS Using individually worn actigraphy devices, physical activity of 2,328 individuals from five different countries (adults of African descent from Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and the United States) was measured for seven consecutive days at different times of the year. RESULTS Analysis for rhythmic patterns identified daily rhythmicity of physical activity in all five of the represented nationalities. Weekly rhythmicity was found in some, but not all, of the nationalities. No significant evidence of lunar rhythmicity or seasonal rhythmicity was found in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings extend previous small-scale observations of daily rhythmicity to a large cohort of individuals from around the world. The findings also confirm the existence of modest weekly rhythmicity but not lunar or seasonal rhythmicity in human activity. These differences in rhythm strength have implications for the management of health hazards of rhythm misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- a Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Psychology , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho , USA
| | - Mamane Sani
- a Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, Department of Psychology , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho , USA.,b MRU Biomonitoring and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Maradi , Maradi , Niger
| | - Girardin Jean-Louis
- c Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change , New York University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- c Division of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change , New York University Medical Center , New York , New York , USA
| | | | - Lara R Dugas
- d Stritch School of Medicine , Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , Illinois , USA
| | - Ruth Kafensztok
- d Stritch School of Medicine , Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , Illinois , USA
| | - Pascal Bovet
- e Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland.,f Ministry of Health , Mont Fleuri , Republic of Seychelles
| | - Terrence E Forrester
- g Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies , Mona , Kingston , Jamaica
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- h Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- i School of Medical Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana
| | - Amy Luke
- d Stritch School of Medicine , Loyola University Chicago , Maywood , Illinois , USA
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Gonseth S, Dugas L, Viswanathan B, Forrester T, Lambert V, Plange-Rhule J, Durazo-Arvizu R, Luke A, Schoeller DA, Bovet P. Association between smoking and total energy expenditure in a multi-country study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:48. [PMID: 25309614 PMCID: PMC4193288 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between smoking and total energy expenditure (TEE) is still controversial. We examined this association in a multi-country study where TEE was measured in a subset of participants by the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, the gold standard for this measurement. METHODS This study includes 236 participants from five different African origin populations who underwent DLW measurements and had complete data on the main covariates of interest. Self-reported smoking status was categorized as either light (<7 cig/day) or high (≥7 cig/day). Lean body mass was assessed by deuterium dilution and physical activity (PA) by accelerometry. RESULTS The prevalence of smoking was 55% in men and 16% in women with a median of 6.5 cigarettes/day. There was a trend toward lower BMI in smokers than non-smokers (not statistically significant). TEE was strongly correlated with fat-free mass (men: 0.70; women: 0.79) and with body weight (0.59 in both sexes). Using linear regression and adjusting for body weight, study site, age, PA, alcohol intake and occupation, TEE was larger in high smokers than in never smokers among men (difference of 298 kcal/day, p = 0.045) but not among women (162 kcal/day, p = 0.170). The association became slightly weaker in men (254 kcal/day, p = 0.058) and disappeared in women (-76 kcal/day, p = 0.380) when adjusting for fat-free mass instead of body weight. CONCLUSION There was an association between smoking and TEE among men. However, the lack of an association among women, which may be partly related to the small number of smoking women, also suggests a role of unaccounted confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semira Gonseth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA ; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lara Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | | | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Vicki Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ramon Durazo-Arvizu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland ; NCD Section, Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
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