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Thern E, Matilla-Santander N, Bodin T, Hemmingsson T. Precarious employment at a young age and labor-market marginalization during middle-adulthood: A register-linked cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2023; 49:201-210. [PMID: 37000458 PMCID: PMC10621895 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the association between exposure to precarious employment three years after graduation and the risk of labor market marginalization (LMM) ten years later. METHODS A registered-linked cohort study based on the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort was conducted among all individuals born between 1973 and 1976, who were registered in Sweden the year they turned 27 years old (N=365 702). Information on the exposure of labor market establishment three years after graduating from school and outcome of LMM ten years after graduating was collected from nationwide registers. Relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained by multinominal logistic regression. RESULTS After considering important covariates, young adults in precarious employment three years after graduation were at an increased risk of future long-term unemployment (RRR 2.31), later precarious employment (RRR 2.85), and long-term sickness absence/disability pension (RRR 1.43) compared to individuals who had obtained standard employment arrangements within three years of graduating. Young precariously employed men had a slightly strong association compared to females with regards to all outcomes. CONCLUSION The result of this study suggests that both young men and women in precarious employment three years after graduation are more likely to have a weaker attachment to the labor force later in life compared to individuals of the same age in standard employment. This is important as the prevalence of precarious employment is increasing globally, and young adults appear to be especially vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Thern
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 4, 113 65 Stockholm.
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Precarious Employment and Self-Rated Health in Young Adults. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:470-475. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nardi A, Dei Bardi L, Davoli M, Agabiti N, Cesaroni G. Differences in mortality between temporary and permanent workers: results from the Rome Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058594. [PMID: 35641005 PMCID: PMC9157355 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Precarious employment is characterised by instability, lack of protection and economic vulnerability. The objective of this study was to assess the association between temporary contracts and mortality. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Rome, Italy. PARTICIPANTS All employees, aged 25-65 years, from the Rome Longitudinal Study, followed from 21 October 2001 to the first date among death, migration from Rome, or 31 December 2015. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated all-cause, cardiovascular and accidental mortality. We considered gender, age, place of birth, education, temporary versus permanent contract and sector of employment. We used Cox models to investigate the association between type of contract and total, cardiovascular and accidental mortality in men and women, overall and by employment sector. RESULTS We analysed 597 834 subjects. The proportion of temporary contracts varied by gender (9.6% in men and 13.3% in women) and by employment sector, ranging from 4.5% (public administration) to 27% (recreational, cultural, sports activities) in men. During the study period, 21 136 subjects died. Men with temporary contracts, compared with those with permanent positions, had greater overall mortality risk (HR=1.16, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.24), cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.29, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) and accidental mortality (HR=1.27, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.57). In men, the association varied widely among different economic sectors, with greater risks in the industry, building constructions and social services sectors. In women, there was no evidence of association between temporary contracts and mortality. A statistically significant association between temporary contracts and mortality in women was found in the sector of sales and transports only. CONCLUSIONS Temporary work should be considered a determinant of health, particularly for specific economic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Dei Bardi
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Nera Agabiti
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology-Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
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It's giving me the blues: A fixed-effects and g-formula approach to understanding job insecurity, sleep disturbances, and major depression. Soc Sci Med 2022; 297:114805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ferry F, Bunting B, Rosato M, Curran E, Leavey G. The impact of reduced working on mental health in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Understanding Society COVID-19 study. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:308-315. [PMID: 33812244 PMCID: PMC9754678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated an unpredictable economic crisis, currently affecting daily life for millions of workers. We examined the mental health impact of reduced working in a nationally representative sample of employees. METHOD We used Wave one (April 2020) of the Understanding Society UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) COVID-19 study, with linkage to baseline mental health data from the UKHLS annual survey (January 2017- December 2018). Analysis was based on adults aged 18-65 who were employees in January/February 2020 (n=8,708), with psychological distress assessed using the GHQ-12. Logistic regression examined the mental health impact of reduced working and reasons for the reduction. RESULTS Forty two percent of employees reported reduced working by April 2020, with 22% furloughed. There was no evidence of an association between reduced working per se and psychological distress in the fully adjusted model (OR=1.06, 95%CI 0.91-1.23). Those permanently laid-off (less than 1% of employees) were most vulnerable to adverse mental health effects in the early months of the pandemic (OR=3.60, 95%CI 1.55-8.37). We also found evidence of higher levels of psychological distress among those sick or self-isolating, and those with reduced working due to caring responsibilities. LIMITATIONS While the GHQ is a widely used and validated instrument in identifying potential psychiatric disorders, it is important to note that it does not represent a clinical assessment. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal examination of employment transitions and mental ill-health related to pandemic outcomes is imperative and should help inform public health responses and ongoing government policy in supporting those adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finola Ferry
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University.
| | | | - Michael Rosato
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University
| | - Emma Curran
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University
| | - Gerard Leavey
- Bamford Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Ulster University
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Piwowar-Sulej K, Bąk-Grabowska D. The Impact of Mandate Contract and Self-Employment on Workers' Health-Evidence from Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063138. [PMID: 33803666 PMCID: PMC8002841 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to analyze the correlations between two clearly defined forms of non-standard employment (self-employment and mandate contract) and workers' health. The study also addressed such variables as gender, age, length of service, and the reason for employment (voluntary vs. non-voluntary). The research was carried out in Poland in 2020 using the CATI method (a telephone interviewing technique), and it covered a sample of 200 workers (100 self-employed and 100 working under a mandate contract). Most of the respondents declared that their form of employment did not affect their health. However, the statistical analysis showed significant differences in health status between the self-employed and those working on a mandate contract. Self-employed respondents experienced mental health impacts more often, whereas those working under a mandate contract more frequently declared that their physical health was affected. The length of service was only important for mental health, having a negative impact on it. The respondents' age and gender turned out to be statistically insignificant, which is in contradiction to many previous research findings. The inability to choose one's form of employment resulted in worse physical health. These findings demonstrate the importance of certain variables that were not prioritized in previous studies and emphasize the need to clearly define what non-standard and precarious forms of employment are, as well as revealing new correlations between the studied categories and providing directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej
- Department of Labor Capital and Innovation, Faculty of Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska St. 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-503-129-991
| | - Dominika Bąk-Grabowska
- Department of Economics and Organization of Enterprise, Faculty of Management, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska St. 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland;
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Balogh R, Gadeyne S, Vanroelen C. Non-standard employment and mortality in Belgian workers: A census-based investigation. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:108-116. [PMID: 33146399 PMCID: PMC8114567 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Evidence is growing that non-standard employment is associated with adverse health. However, little is known about the relationship between different non-standard employment arrangements and subsequent all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Using population-wide data, the present study investigated this link. Methods: Data was derived from the 2001 Belgian census and a 13-year-long follow-up. The analyses comprised 1 454 033 healthy and disability-free employees aged 30–59 years at baseline. Cox regressions were fitted to analyze the mortality risks of those in non-standard employment forms (temporary agency, seasonal, fixed-term, causal work and employment program) compared to permanent employees. Results: Several groups of workers in non-standard employment arrangements in 2001 exhibited a higher mortality risk relative to permanent employees during the follow-up after adjusting for socio-economic and work-related factors. This was especially the case among men. The relative mortality disadvantage was particularly elevated for male temporary agency workers. External causes of death played an important role in this association. Conclusions: A mortality gradient between the core and outer periphery of the Belgian labor market has been observed. This study also shows that the excess risk of death, previously attributed to non-permanent employment as a whole, hides inequalities between specific forms of non-standard work (eg, temporary agency, seasonal, fixed-term employment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Balogh
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Mussida C, Patimo R. Women's Family Care Responsibilities, Employment and Health: A Tale of Two Countries. JOURNAL OF FAMILY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES 2020; 42:489-507. [PMID: 33324030 PMCID: PMC7729144 DOI: 10.1007/s10834-020-09742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Persistently low employment of women in some countries can still be ascribed to a traditional perception of women's role in society. According to observed data and prevailing social and cultural norms, women have been bearing the primary burdens of housework, childcare, and other family responsibilities. The unequal share of care responsibilities between women and men further worsens the disadvantages of women in balancing public and private life, with an impact on their employment and health outcomes. In this paper we investigate the role of family responsibilities in shaping employment and health outcomes by gender, in Italy and France, during and after the economic downturn. We use data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions for the time windows of 2007-2010 and 2011-2014. Our results support that gender differences in the share of responsibilities roles in the public and private sphere influence the employability and health perception of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mussida
- Department of Economic and Social Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Patimo
- Department of Economics and Finance, Università degli studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Largo A. S. Scolastica, 53, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Gray BJ, Grey C, Hookway A, Homolova L, Davies AR. Differences in the impact of precarious employment on health across population subgroups: a scoping review. Perspect Public Health 2020; 141:37-49. [PMID: 33269663 PMCID: PMC7770217 DOI: 10.1177/1757913920971333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Precarious employment is known to be detrimental to health, and some population subgroups (young individuals, migrant workers, and females) are at higher risk of precarious employment. However, it is not known if the risk to poor health outcomes is consistent across population subgroups. This scoping review explores differential impacts of precarious employment on health. Methods: Relevant studies published between 2009 and February 2019 were identified across PubMed, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Articles were included if (1) they presented original data, (2) examined precarious employment within one of the subpopulations of interest, and (3) examined health outcomes. Results: Searches yielded 279 unique results, of which 14 met the eligibility criteria. Of the included studies, 12 studies examined differences between gender, 3 examined the health impacts on young individuals, and 3 examined the health of migrant workers. Mental health was explored in nine studies, general health in four studies, and mortality in two studies. Conclusion: Mental health was generally poorer in both male and female employees as a result of precarious employment, and males were also at higher risk of mortality. There was limited evidence that met our inclusion criteria, examining the health impacts on young individuals or migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gray
- Knowledge Directorate, Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Number 2 Capital Quarter, Tyndall Street, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UK
| | - Cnb Grey
- Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Hookway
- Observatory Evidence Service, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Homolova
- Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A R Davies
- Research and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Wang Y, Fattore G. The impact of the great economic crisis on mental health care in Italy. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS : HEPAC : HEALTH ECONOMICS IN PREVENTION AND CARE 2020; 21:1259-1272. [PMID: 32535852 PMCID: PMC7293427 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-020-01204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The great economic crisis in 2008 has affected the welfare of the population in countries such as Italy. Although there is abundant literature on the impact of the crisis on physical health, very few studies have focused on the causal implications for mental health and health care. This paper, therefore, investigates the impact of the recent economic crisis on hospital admissions for severe mental disorder at small geographic levels in Italy and assesses whether there are heterogeneous effects across areas with distinct levels of income. We exploit 9-year (2007-2015) panel data on hospital discharges, which is merged with employment and income composition at the geographic units that share similar labour market structures. Linear and dynamic panel analysis are used to identify the causal effect of rising unemployment rate on severe mental illness admissions per 100,000 residents to account for time-invariant heterogeneity. We further create discrete income levels to identify the potential socioeconomic gradients behind this effect across areas with different economic characteristics. The results show a significant impact of higher unemployment rates on admissions for severe mental disorders after controlling for relevant economic factors, and the effects are concentrated on the most economically disadvantaged areas. The results contribute to the literature of spatio-temporal variation in the broader determinants of mental health and health care utilisation and shed light on the populations that are most susceptible to the effects of the economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, 3-C1-01 Via Guglielmo Röntgen, 1, 20136, Milano, MI, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Fattore
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management Department of Social and Political Science, Bocconi University, 3-C1-01 Via Guglielmo Röntgen, 1, 20136, Milano, MI, Italy
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11
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Non-Permanent Employment and Employees’ Health in the Context of Sustainable HRM with a Focus on Poland. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci9070117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is focused on the assumption that the analyses focused on sustainable human resource management (HRM) should include the problem of unstable forms of employment. Reference was also made to Poland, the country where the share of unstable forms of employment is the highest in the European Union. The authors based their findings on the literature and the data published, i.e., by Eurostat, OECD and Statistics Poland, accompanied by CSR reports. Insecure forms of employment have negative impact on employees’ health, primarily regarding their mental health. Statistically significant correlations were found between the expectation rate of possible job loss and non-standard employment variables, and the rate of reporting exposure to risk factors that affect mental wellbeing and precarious employment rates. However, conducting statistical analyses at the macro level is associated with limitations resulting from leaving out many important factors characteristic of the given countries and affecting the presented data. Current guidelines, relevant to reporting the use of non-standard forms of employment by enterprises, are inconsistent. Companies voluntarily demonstrate the scope of using non-permanent forms of employment and not referring to the issue of employees’ choice of a given type of employment and employees’ health. Future research projects should be focused on developing a comprehensive, coherent and universal tool allowing for an assessment of the implementation level of sustainable HRM ideas in an organization, including standardized reporting of non-permanent employment and employees’ health, and making comparisons not only between organizations, but also between countries.
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Naser AY, Wong ICK, Whittlesea C, Alwafi H, Abuirmeileh A, Alsairafi ZK, Turkistani FM, Bokhari NS, Beykloo MY, Al-Taweel D, Almane MB, Wei L. Attitudes and perceptions towards hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multinational cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222275. [PMID: 31647820 PMCID: PMC6812873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preventing hypoglycaemia is an essential component of diabetes self-management that is affected by patients’ attitudes and perceptions. This study aimed to explore the hypoglycaemia problem-solving ability of patients who have diabetes mellitus and factors that determine their attitudes and perceptions towards their previous events. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) in patients with diabetes mellitus, who were prescribed antidiabetic therapy and had experienced hypoglycaemic events in the past six months. The Hypoglycaemia Problem-Solving Scale was used in this study. This scale contains two subscales, problem orientation (six questions) and problem-solving skills (eighteen questions), using a five-point Likert scale (range 0–4). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of hypoglycaemia problem-solving abilities. Results A total of 895 patients participated in this study from the three countries (300 in Jordan, 302 in Saudi Arabia, and 293 in Kuwait). The average age of the patients was 53.5 years (standard deviation = 13.7) and 52.4% (n = 469) were males. Patients had moderate overall problem-solving ability with a median score of 63.00 (interquartile range = 13.00). Patients’ problem-solving skills score (68.1%) was better than their problem-orientation skills score (58.3%). The highest sub-scale scores were for detection control, setting problem-solving goals, and evaluating strategies, 75.0%. The lowest sub-scale score was for problem-solving perception and immediate management, 50.0%. Older age, being educated, being married, having T2DM, prescribed insulin therapy, and not having been admitted to hospital for hypoglycaemia were important predictors of patients’ problem-solving ability (p < 0.05). Conclusions Healthcare professionals are advised to provide more education to patients on how to self-manage hypoglycaemic events. Specifically, they should focus on the overall problem-solving perception of hypoglycaemia and its immediate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y. Naser
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
- Isra University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ian C. K. Wong
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cate Whittlesea
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maedeh Y. Beykloo
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
| | - Dalal Al-Taweel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Mai B. Almane
- Sabah Al-Ahmad Cardiology Center Pharmacy, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Li Wei
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, the UK
- * E-mail:
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Health-related quality of life in adult population before and after the onset of financial crisis: the case of Athens, Greece. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:3237-3247. [PMID: 31463726 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trends of person-oriented indices with respect to the general population have not been adequately investigated. In Athens, two Health Surveys in 2003 and 2016 provide the opportunity to analyze HRQL in the general adult population. The objectives of this study were to investigate changes in HRQL of adults in the broader area of Athens between 2003 and 2016 and their association with certain socio-demographic determinants. METHODS We compared participants from pre- and during-crisis cross-sectional surveys. We used data from 982 and 1060 adult residents of Athens from 2003 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Income-related missing data were treated using three alternative methods. Subscale and summary component SF-36 scores were compared with Mann-Whitney tests and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of demographic and socio-economic variables on HRQL before and after the onset of crisis. RESULTS The analysis was based on the results of the procedure of handling missing income data as a separate income group and showed that physical component summary score (PCS) has improved and Mental Component Summary score has deteriorated. The most important predictors of HRQL were being widowed and during the crisis not being employed. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics explained a higher proportion of variance of HRQL after the onset of crisis, especially for PCS. CONCLUSION Decline in mental and improvement in physical HRQL were observed between 2003 and 2016. HRQL has been certainly affected by the recession, but it is difficult to estimate the exact impact of the financial crisis on HRQL.
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Langi FLFG, Balcazar FE, Suarez-Balcazar Y. Analysis of Time in Rehabilitation and Incidence of Successful Rehabilitation Within Individuals with Disabilities Receiving Occupational/Vocational Training. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018; 28:701-710. [PMID: 29302873 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the incidence of successful rehabilitation, defined as 90 successive days in employment, within individuals with disabilities receiving occupational/vocational training (OVT) service. Method The follow-up records between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2012 of 5313 individuals aged 15-55 who obtained OVT in the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program of the State of Illinois were examined. Cox regression models were used to analyze the effect of study factors on VR outcomes. Results After controlling for the other factors, males (incidence ratio [IR] 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20), individuals with learning disability (IR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.26), had existing employment (IR 1.40, 95% CI 1.26-1.56), and persons who were referred from educational institutions (IR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01-1.36) or community agencies (IR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48) appeared to have a relatively high incidence of successful rehabilitation. In contrast, those who lived in densely populated areas (IR ranged from 0.56 to 0.89), had physical disability (IR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.88), had disability of most significant degree (IR 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.93), and persons with Supplemental Security Income/Social Security Disability Insurance supports (IR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76-0.94), tended to have a lower incidence of rehabilitation than their counterparts. Conclusion The incidence of successful rehabilitation seems to be related to the demographic, disability, and pre-service characteristics, but not necessarily the provider factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Fredrik G Langi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and College of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Fabricio E Balcazar
- Department of Disability and Human Development, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar
- Department of Disability and Human Development, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Heggebø K, Tøge AG, Dahl E, Berg JE. Socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession: A scoping review of the research literature. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:635-654. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494818801637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The so-called ‘Great Recession’ in Europe triggered widespread concerns about population health, as reflected by an upsurge in empirical research on the health impacts of the economic crisis. A growing body of empirical studies has also been devoted to socioeconomic inequalities in health during the Great Recession. The aim of the current study is to summarise this health inequality literature by means of a scoping review. Methods: We have performed a scoping review of the research literature (English language) published in the years 2012–2017. Only empirical papers with (a) health status measured on the individual level, (b) information on socioeconomic position (i.e. employment status, educational level, income/wealth, and/or occupational class), and (c) data from European countries in both pre- and post-crisis years were considered relevant. In total, 49 empirical studies fulfilled these inclusion criteria. Results: The empirical findings in the 49 included studies predominantly show that socioeconomic inequalities in health either increased or remained stable from pre- to post-crisis years. Two-thirds (65%) of the studies found evidence of either increasing or partially increasing health inequalities. Thus, people in lower socioeconomic strata fared worse overall in terms of health during the Great Recession, compared to people with higher socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The Great Recession in Europe tends to be followed by increasing socioeconomic inequalities in health. Policymakers should take note of this finding. Widening socioeconomic inequalities in health is a major cause of concern, in particular if health deterioration among ‘vulnerable groups’ is caused by accelerating cumulative disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Grete Tøge
- Work Research Institute (AFI), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Espen Dahl
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - John Erik Berg
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
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Choudhary A, Singh A. Effect of intergenerational educational mobility on health of Indian women. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203633. [PMID: 30192875 PMCID: PMC6128613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and the overall health of the Indian women. It uses a nationally representative survey, India Human Development Survey (IHDS) 2011–12, and logistic regressions to study this relationship. The sample comprises of women aged 45 years and older. We find that the women experiencing upward intergenerational educational mobility (vis-a-vis their mothers) have significantly higher chances of experiencing good overall health compared to the women who are having same or lesser level of education as that of their mothers. Besides, women suffering from short term or major morbidity have remarkably lower chances of having overall good health. Also, women from rural India have significantly lesser chances of having overall good health as compared to that of urban areas. Further, Muslim women have lesser chances of having overall good health as that of women from other religious categories. Moreover, there is a significant variation in the overall health of women as we move from the eastern region to the western region of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Choudhary
- SJM School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Ashish Singh
- SJM School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Cho DY, Koo JW. Differences in Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Employment Type and Sex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091798. [PMID: 30134584 PMCID: PMC6165279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Workers may sometimes do the same work, but differ in their risk of health-related problems depending on whether the employment type is standard or non-standard. Furthermore, even with similar job and employment types, there may be differences in risk factors for health-related problems depending on sex. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by employment type and sex using data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅴ) (2010–2012) and KNHANES Ⅵ (2013–2015) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Overall, 9523 adult wage workers (5523 standard workers and 4000 non-standard workers) aged ≥ 19 years were analyzed. To determine MetS prevalence odds ratios according to employment type, logistic regression analysis was performed disaggregated by sex. The prevalence of MetS significantly increased with age (p < 0.001), being married (p < 0.05), current smoking status (p < 0.05), and high-risk drinking (p < 0.001) among male subjects. The prevalence of MetS significantly increased among female manual workers (p < 0.001), those with lower educational level and household income (p < 0.001). Non-standard workers of either sex showed higher MetS prevalence than standard workers; only females showed significant difference (p < 0.001). Female non-standard workers showed 1.44, 1.33, and 1.34 (all p < 0.001) times higher odds of MetS prevalence in Models 1, 2, and 3, respectively, compared to standard workers, suggesting a difference in risk factors of MetS according to sex. Also, that employment type affects MetS prevalence suggests that employment pattern is an important risk factor especially in females. Therefore, to manage MetS in female non-standard workers, individual health care as well as social effort may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Youn Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technology, Korea National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul 01022, Korea.
| | - Jung-Wan Koo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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18
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Imhof S, Andresen M. Unhappy with well-being research in the temporary work context: mapping review and research agenda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1384395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Imhof
- Department of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Maike Andresen
- Department of Social Sciences, Economics, and Business Administration, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Blanquet M, Labbe-Lobertreau E, Sass C, Berger D, Gerbaud L. Occupational status as a determinant of mental health inequities in French young people: is fairness needed? Results of a cross-sectional multicentre observational survey. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:142. [PMID: 28789653 PMCID: PMC5549318 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Employment conditions are associated with health inequities. In 2013, French young people had the highest unemployment rate and among those who worked as salaried workers most of them had temporary job. The purpose of the study was to assess mental health state of French young people through the prism of their occupational status and to measure whether occupational status is a determinant of health inequities. Methods A cross-sectional multicentre observational survey was performed in June and July 2010 in 115 French Local Social Centres and 74 Health Examination Centres, who were available to participate. The survey was based on an anonymous self-administrated questionnaire delivered by social workers or healthcare professionals to young people age from 16 to 25 years old. The questionnaire was composed of 54 items. Several health outcomes were measured: self-perceived health, mental health, addictions and to be victim of violence. The association of occupational status and mental health was assessed by adjusting results on age and gender and by introducing other explanatory variables such as social deprivation. Results A total of 4282 young people completed the questionnaire, a response rate of 83%, 1866 men and 2378 women, sex-ratio 0.79. French young people having a non-working occupational status or a non-permanent working status were more exposed to poor self-perceived health, poor mental health, addictions and violence. To be at school particularly secondary school was a protective factor for addiction. Conclusions Occupational status of French young people was a determinant of mental health inequities. Young people not at work and not studying reported greater vulnerability and should be targeted therefore by appropriate and specific social and medical services. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0634-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Blanquet
- Service de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 7, place Henri Dunant CEDEX 1, 63058, Clermont-Ferrand, France. .,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4681, PEPRADE (Périnatalité, grossesse, Environnement, PRAtiques médicales et DEveloppement), Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Emilie Labbe-Lobertreau
- Centre Technique d'Appui et de Formation des Centres d'Examens de Santé, Cetaf, 67/69 Avenue de Rochetaillée, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Catherine Sass
- Centre Technique d'Appui et de Formation des Centres d'Examens de Santé, Cetaf, 67/69 Avenue de Rochetaillée, 42100, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Dominique Berger
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - ESPE, Université de Lyon, HESPER - Health Services and Performance Research, 5 rue Anselme, Cedex, 69004, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Gerbaud
- Service de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, 7, place Henri Dunant CEDEX 1, 63058, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 4681, PEPRADE (Périnatalité, grossesse, Environnement, PRAtiques médicales et DEveloppement), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Working fulltime throughout pregnancy - The Norwegian women's perspectives. A qualitative approach. Midwifery 2017; 50:193-200. [PMID: 28472741 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of aspects that influence healthy women's ability to work fulltime throughout the pregnancy, considering women's experiences and individual perspectives, as well as understanding health resources available to them. DESIGN/SETTING a qualitative approach was selected for the data collection, and the data presented is derived from in-depth interviews. Ten pregnant Norwegian women with uncomplicated pregnancies, aged 24-40, working fulltime throughout their pregnancies with no sick leave, were interviewed during pregnancy week 37-39. All participants had their regular check-ups at six local public health clinics. The transcribed interviews were analysed through systematic text condensation. FINDINGS the findings included two main themes: Supporting environment and having a positive mindset. Feeling good about oneself and feeling appreciated at work provided these women with the supporting environment they needed. All the respondents had coped with different challenges that they found important when working throughout their pregnancies while facing the difficulties of a pregnancy. They emphasised that their positive attitude and coping skills contributed to normalising the pregnancy and motivated them to go to work. CONCLUSIONS having a positive mindset and a balanced perspective on the pregnancy and bodily changes are important factors in being able to work throughout pregnancy. Support, in various arenas, might positively influence pregnant women´s positive mindset, having a favourable effect on their health resources and ability to continue working when bearing children.
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Employment Condition, Economic Deprivation and Self-Evaluated Health in Europe: Evidence from EU-SILC 2009-2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14020143. [PMID: 28165375 PMCID: PMC5334697 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The mixed empirical evidence about employment conditions (i.e., permanent vs. temporary job, full-time vs. part-time job) as well as unemployment has motivated the development of conceptual models with the aim of assessing the pathways leading to effects of employment status on health. Alongside physically and psychologically riskier working conditions, one channel stems in the possibly severe economic deprivation faced by temporary workers. We investigate whether economic deprivation is able to partly capture the effect of employment status on Self-evaluated Health Status (SHS). Methods: Our analysis is based on the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey, for a balanced sample from 26 countries from 2009 to 2012. We estimate a correlated random-effects logit model for the SHS that accounts for the ordered nature of the dependent variable and the longitudinal structure of the data. Results and Discussion: Material deprivation and economic strain are able to partly account for the negative effects on SHS from precarious and part-time employment as well as from unemployment that, however, exhibits a significant independent negative association with SHS. Conclusions: Some of the indicators used to proxy economic deprivation are significant predictors of SHS and their correlation with the employment condition is such that it should not be neglected in empirical analysis, when available and further to the monetary income.
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Assari S, Sonnega A, Pepin R, Leggett A. Residual Effects of Restless Sleep over Depressive Symptoms on Chronic Medical Conditions: Race by Gender Differences. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 4:59-69. [PMID: 26823066 PMCID: PMC4965357 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and depression are comorbid problems that contribute to the development of chronic medical conditions (CMC) over time. Although racial and gender differences in the bidirectional associations between sleep, depression, and CMC are known, very limited information exists on heterogeneity of the residual effects of sleep problems over depressive symptoms on CMC across race by gender groups. AIM Using a life-course perspective, the present study compared race by gender groups for residual effects of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on CMC. METHODS We used data from waves 1 (year 1986), 4 (year 2001), and 5 (year 2011) of the Americans' Changing Lives Study (ACL). The study followed 294 White men, 108 Black men, 490 White women, and 237 Black women for 25 years. Restless sleep, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale [CES-D]), and number of chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and arthritis) were measured in 1986, 2001, and 2011. We employed multi-group cross-lagged modeling, with chronic medical conditions as the outcome and race by gender as the groups. RESULTS Major group differences were found in the residual effect of restless sleep on CMC over depressive symptoms across race by gender groups. Restless sleep in 2001 predicted CMC 10 years later in 2011 among Black women (standardized adjusted B = .135, P < .05) and White men (standardized adjusted = .145, P < .01) and White women (standardized adjusted B = .171, P < .001) but not Black men (standardized adjusted B = .001, P > .05). CONCLUSION Race by gender heterogeneity in the residual effect of restless sleep over depressive symptoms on CMC over 25 years suggests that comorbid poor sleep and depressive symptoms differently contribute to development of multi-morbidity among subpopulations based on the intersection of race and gender. Thus, interventions that try to prevent comorbid sleep problems and depression as a strategy to prevent medical conditions may benefit from tailoring based on the intersection of race and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, SPC 5763, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA.
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Amanda Sonnega
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renee Pepin
- Dartmouth Centers for Health and Aging, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Amanda Leggett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road, SPC 5763, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2700, USA
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Batic-Mujanovic O, Poric S, Pranjic N, Ramic E, Alibasic E, Karic E. Influence of Unemployment on Mental Health of the Working Age Population. Mater Sociomed 2017; 29:92-96. [PMID: 28883769 PMCID: PMC5544462 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2017.29.92-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the highest unemployment rates in the Balkan region (43.2%), so unemployment is one of the most serious public concerns in our country. Aim: To analyze the influence of unemployment on mental health of the working age population who attend primary care center. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the municipality of Bosanska Krupa, which has the highest unemployment rate in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (56%), and included 510 randomly selected working age patients (aged 23-65 years). We used the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) to evaluate mental health of the working age population. Results: There were significantly more women than men (53.5% vs. 46.5%; p=0.02). The mean age of participants was 51.04±12.84 years. The experimental group included 318 (62.35%) unemployed working age participants: 160 (50.3%) had been unemployed for more than 5 years and had had no work experience, while 158 (49.7%) unemployed participants had had a previous work experience of more than five years. The control group included 192 (37.65%) employed working age participants. Unemployment had a significant influence on mental health of the working age population. The unemployed participants had a significantly poorer mental health compared to the employed (p=0.0003). A predictor of impaired mental health was a job loss. A significantly greater mental health impairment occured in the group of unemployed participants with previous work experience of more than five years compared to the unemployed participants who had had no work experience (p=0.001) and employed (p=0.000). Conclusion: Unemployment has a negative impact and leads to impaired mental health of the working age population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A job loss has a predictive role. It indicates that social and health policies must be developed in order to improve well-being of the working age population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Batic-Mujanovic
- Family Medicine Teaching Center, Public Health Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Samir Poric
- School of Health Studies, University of Bihac, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Teaching Department for Professional Pathology and Toxicology, Public Health Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Occupational Health Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Ramic
- Family Medicine, Public Health Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Esad Alibasic
- Family Medicine, Public Health Center Kalesija, Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Enisa Karic
- Family Medicine, Public Health Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Vancea M, Utzet M. How unemployment and precarious employment affect the health of young people: A scoping study on social determinants. Scand J Public Health 2016; 45:73-84. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494816679555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: The impact of unemployment and precarious employment on the health of young people is not well understood. However, according to social causation, higher socio-economic positions and thus better working conditions are beneficial to health in general. We tried to synthesize the results of studies that test this hypothesis in the case of young people. Methods: We conducted a scoping study mapping all the academic articles published in the period 2006–2016 in Europe. The literature was searched in PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scopus. Results: We identified 1770 studies, of which only 46 met the inclusion criteria. There are more studies that focus on the relationship between unemployment and health than between precarious employment and health (28 and 16, respectively). The vast majority of the studies (44) found support for the social causation hypothesis, the most common health outcomes being mental health disorders, health risk behaviour, poor quality of life and occupational injuries. The causal mechanisms behind this association relied mainly on the life-course perspective, the breadwinner model, and the lack of social and economic benefits provided by standard employment. Conclusions:There is evidence that young people are especially vulnerable to health problems when unemployed or working in precarious conditions. Active labour market and training programmes, inclusive social security measures, improved working conditions and targeted health programmes are important for addressing this vulnerability. Further research should strive to enhance the causal model by including a gender perspective, longitudinal data, more indicators on precariousness and third factor explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Vancea
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Scientific Research and Technological Development in Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mireia Utzet
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, GRAAL-Biostatistics Unit, Bellaterra, Spain
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25
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Langi FLFG, Balcazar FE. Risk factors for failure to enter vocational rehabilitation services among individuals with disabilities. Disabil Rehabil 2016; 39:2640-2647. [PMID: 27848261 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2016.1236410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the risk factors for failure of individuals with disabilities to enter the vocational rehabilitation (VR) programme, including the cases where they had been formally accepted but were yet to receive any service. METHODS We used prospective cohort data from a Midwestern US state, and analysed 126,251 and 94,517 individuals, respectively, for acceptance and admission into VR services. Statistical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimator. RESULTS Individuals with blind/visual disability, had prior history of employment, and who received public support tended to have lower risks of non-acceptance and non-admission. Being non-White, at higher education, ever/currently married, and with physical/orthopaedic disability appeared to increase the risks of both outcomes. The adjusted relative risk of non-acceptance was 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.52, 0.64) if the individuals had 4 or more functional limitations as compared with those with fewer limitations. This factor was not significant for VR admission. CONCLUSION Disability factors, demographic determinants, and certain miscellaneous characteristics were associated with the risks of non-acceptance and non-admission into VR. Implications for Rehabilitation Individuals with disabilities are more likely to be unemployed than the population without disabilities, and they are thus more prone to adverse health effects of unemployment. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is a proven intervention to improve employment outcomes among individuals with disabilities. Our study indicates that the complexity of the selection process for entering VR and various factors beyond disability may prevent individuals to benefit from the VR programme. Rehabilitation programme authorities need to monitor and simplify the selection process into VR services and, together with rehabilitation practitioners, promote a selection process that pays careful attention on the factors that are related to individual risk of failure for entering VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Fredrik G Langi
- a Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.,b Department of Disability and Human Development , College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Fabricio E Balcazar
- b Department of Disability and Human Development , College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA
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Shahidi FV, De Moortel D, Muntaner C, Davis O, Siddiqi A. Do flexicurity policies protect workers from the adverse health consequences of temporary employment? A cross-national comparative analysis. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:674-682. [PMID: 29349179 PMCID: PMC5757780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexicurity policies comprise a relatively novel approach to the regulation of work and welfare that aims to combine labour market flexibility with social security. Advocates of this approach argue that, by striking the right balance between flexibility and security, flexicurity policies allow firms to take advantage of loose contractual arrangements in an increasingly competitive economic environment while simultaneously protecting workers from the adverse health and social consequences of flexible forms of employment. In this study, we use multilevel Poisson regression models to test the theoretical claim of the flexicurity approach using data for 23 countries across three waves of the European Social Survey. We construct an institutional typology of labour market regulation and social security to evaluate whether inequalities in self-reported health and limiting longstanding illness between temporary workers and their permanent counterparts are smaller in countries that most closely approximate the ideal type described by advocates of the flexicurity approach. Our results indicate that, while the association between temporary employment and health varies across countries, institutional configurations of labour market regulation and social security do not provide a meaningful explanation for this cross-national variation. Contrary to the expectations of the flexicurity hypothesis, our data do not indicate that employment-related inequalities are smaller in countries that approximate the flexicurity approach. We discuss potential explanations for these findings and conclude that there remains a relative lack of evidence in support of the theoretical claims of the flexicurity approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Vahid Shahidi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Deborah De Moortel
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Owen Davis
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, UK
| | - Arjumand Siddiqi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
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Frasquilho D, Matos MG, Salonna F, Guerreiro D, Storti CC, Gaspar T, Caldas-de-Almeida JM. Mental health outcomes in times of economic recession: a systematic literature review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:115. [PMID: 26847554 PMCID: PMC4741013 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Countries in recession experience high unemployment rates and a decline in living conditions, which, it has been suggested, negatively influences their populations’ health. The present review examines the recent evidence of the possible association between economic recessions and mental health outcomes. Methods Literature review of records identified through Medline, PsycINFO, SciELO, and EBSCO Host. Only original research papers, published between 2004 and 2014, peer-reviewed, non-qualitative research, and reporting on associations between economic factors and proxies of mental health were considered. Results One-hundred-one papers met the inclusion criteria. The evidence was consistent that economic recessions and mediators such as unemployment, income decline, and unmanageable debts are significantly associated with poor mental wellbeing, increased rates of common mental disorders, substance-related disorders, and suicidal behaviours. Conclusion On the basis of a thorough analysis of the selected investigations, we conclude that periods of economic recession are possibly associated with a higher prevalence of mental health problems, including common mental disorders, substance disorders, and ultimately suicidal behaviour. Most of the research is based on cross-sectional studies, which seriously limits causality inferences. Conclusions are summarised, taking into account international policy recommendations concerning the cost-effective measures that can possibly reduce the occurrence of negative mental health outcomes in populations during periods of economic recession.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ferdinand Salonna
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Diogo Guerreiro
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C Storti
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Gaspar
- Aventura Social/ISAMB, University of Lisbon and Lisbon Lusíada University, Lisbon, Portugal
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