1
|
Li M, Cui M, Li G, Liu Y, Xu Y, Eftekhar SP, Ala M. The Pathophysiological Associations Between Obesity, NAFLD, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:683-696. [PMID: 38471571 DOI: 10.1055/a-2266-1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are common and growing public health concerns. Previous epidemiological studies unfolded the robust correlation between obesity, NAFLD, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a well-known risk factor for NAFLD, and both of them can markedly increase the odds of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, significant weight loss achieved by lifestyle modification, bariatric surgery, or medications, such as semaglutide, can concomitantly improve NAFLD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, certain pathophysiological links are involved in the development of NAFLD in obesity, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in obesity and NAFLD. Moreover, recent studies indicated that simultaneously targeting several mechanisms by tirzepatide and retatrutide leads to greater weight loss and markedly improves the complications of metabolic syndrome. These findings remind the importance of a mechanistic viewpoint for breaking the association between obesity, NAFLD, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In this review article, we mainly focus on shared pathophysiological mechanisms, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, GLP1 signaling, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivity, and endothelial dysfunction. Most of these pathophysiological alterations are primarily initiated by obesity. The development of NAFLD further exacerbates these molecular and cellular alterations, leading to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease development or progression as the final manifestation of molecular perturbation. A better insight into these mechanisms makes it feasible to develop new multi-target approaches to simultaneously unhinge the deleterious chain of events linking obesity and NAFLD to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Man Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yueqiu Liu
- Clinical Specialty of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Clinical School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Moein Ala
- Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aljabri B, Saber W, Alzahrani S, Dada A. Resolution of Extensive Xanthomas Associated With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia via Modified Therapeutic Plasma Exchange. JCEM CASE REPORTS 2024; 2:luae054. [PMID: 38601066 PMCID: PMC11005844 DOI: 10.1210/jcemcr/luae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Severe hypertriglyceridemia can be manifested by xanthomas. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an invasive medical procedure that has been documented as a viable approach for severe hypertriglyceridemia when cases would be refractory to conventional therapies. TPE is mainly an optional therapeutic modality for cases of severe acute pancreatitis or preventing the recurrence of pancreatitis. Beyond this clinical application, data are scarce on TPE utilization in managing cutaneous lesions associated with hypertriglyceridemia. We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by extensive xanthomas of various types and a history of recurrent pancreatitis. After conventional therapy failed, a modified plasmapheresis regimen was used and was able to achieve a fast and marked reduction in the patient's serum triglyceride levels with complete resolution of the extensive cutaneous lesions, providing him a newfound comfort he had not experienced in some time and suggesting the regimen potentially could be considered in the treatment of refractory severe hypertriglyceridemia with debilitating cutaneous complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bandari Aljabri
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Saber
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee MK, Han K, Kim B, Kim JD, Jung Kim M, Kim B, Heo J, Ahn J, Sohn SY, Lee JH. Cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia and risk of type 2 diabetes in young adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 208:111109. [PMID: 38262520 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine whether cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in young adults. METHODS The study included 1,840,251 participants aged 20-39 years who had undergonefourconsecutiveannualhealth checkups and had no history of type 2 diabetes. Participants werecategorized into five groups (exposure score 0-4) based on the frequencies of hypertriglyceridemia diagnosis over a four-year period. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Exploratory analyses were performed for the different subgroups. RESULTS During a follow-up period of 6.53 years, 40,286 participants developed type 2 diabetes. The cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with higher exposure scores for hypertriglyceridemia (log-rank test, P < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes were 1.674 (95 % CI, 1.619, 1.732), 2.192 (95 % CI, 2.117, 2.269), 2.637 (95 % CI, 2.548, 2.73), and 3.715 (95 % CI, 3.6, 3.834) for participants with scores of 1-4, respectively, compared with those with an exposure score of 0. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale prospective cohort study of young adults, cumulative exposure to hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of lifestyle-related factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsung Kim
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konayng University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungpyo Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Sohn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hidalgo NJ, Pando E, Alberti P, Mata R, Fernandes N, Adell M, Villasante S, Blanco L, Balsells J, Charco R. The role of high serum triglyceride levels on pancreatic necrosis development and related complications. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36829113 PMCID: PMC9955530 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relevance of elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels in the early stages of acute pancreatitis (AP) not induced by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) remains unclear. Our study aims to determine the role of elevated serum TG levels at admission in developing pancreatic necrosis. METHODS We analyzed the clinical data collected prospectively from patients with AP. According to TG levels measured in the first 24 h after admission, we stratified patients into four groups: Normal TG (< 150 mg/dL), Borderline-high TG (150-199 mg/dL), High TG (200-499 mg/dL) and Very high TG (≥ 500 mg/dL). We analyzed the association of TG levels and other risk factors with the development of pancreatic necrosis. RESULTS A total of 211 patients were included. In the Normal TG group: 122, in Borderline-high TG group: 38, in High TG group: 44, and in Very high TG group: 7. Pancreatic necrosis developed in 29.5% of the patients in the Normal TG group, 26.3% in the Borderline-high TG group, 52.3% in the High TG group, and 85.7% in the Very high TG group. The trend analysis observed a significant association between higher TG levels and pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.001). A multivariable analysis using logistic regression showed that elevated TG levels ≥ 200 mg/dL (High TG and Very high TG groups) were independently associated with pancreatic necrosis (OR: 3.27, 95% CI - 6.27, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS An elevated TG level at admission ≥ 200 mg/dl is independently associated with the development of pancreatic necrosis. The incidence of pancreatic necrosis increases proportionally with the severity of HTG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Jimmy Hidalgo
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain ,grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Pando
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. .,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Piero Alberti
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Mata
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nair Fernandes
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Adell
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Villasante
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Blanco
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Balsells
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Charco
- grid.411083.f0000 0001 0675 8654Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 119 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deshotels MR, Hadley TD, Roth M, Agha AM, Pulipati VP, Nugent AK, Virani SS, Nambi V, Moriarty PM, Davidson MH, Ballantyne CM. Genetic Testing for Hypertriglyceridemia in Academic Lipid Clinics: Implications for Precision Medicine-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1461-1467. [PMID: 36325899 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridemia is often caused by variants in genes of triglyceride metabolism. These variants include rare, heterozygous pathogenic variants (PVs), or multiple common, small-effect single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be quantified using a polygenic risk score (PRS). The role of genetic testing to examine PVs and PRS in predicting risk for pancreatitis and severity of hypertriglyceridemia is unknown. METHODS We examined the relationship of PVs and PRSs associated with hypertriglyceridemia with the highest recorded plasma triglyceride level and risk for acute pancreatitis in 363 patients from 3 academic lipid clinics who underwent genetic testing (GBinsight's Dyslipidemia Comprehensive Panel). Categories of hypertriglyceridemia included: normal triglyceride (<200 mg/dL), moderate (200-499 mg/dL), severe (500-999 mg/dL), or very severe (≥1000 mg/dL). RESULTS PVs and high PRSs were identified in 37 (10%) and 59 (16%) individuals, respectively. Patients with both had increased risk for very severe hypertriglyceridemia compared with those with neither genetic risk factor. Risk for acute pancreatitis was also increased in individuals with both genetic risk factors (odds ratio, 5.1 [P=0.02] after controlling for age, race, sex, body mass index, and highest triglyceride level), but not in individuals with PV or high PRS alone. CONCLUSIONS The presence of both PV and high PRS significantly increased risk for very severe hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis, whereas PV or PRS alone only modestly increased risk. Genetic testing may help identify patients with hypertriglyceridemia who have the greatest risk for developing pancreatitis and may derive the greatest benefit from novel triglyceride-lowering therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Deshotels
- Sections of Cardiovascular Research and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.R.D., T.D.H., A.M.A., S.S.V., V.N., C.M.B.)
| | - Trevor D Hadley
- Sections of Cardiovascular Research and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.R.D., T.D.H., A.M.A., S.S.V., V.N., C.M.B.)
| | | | - Ali M Agha
- Sections of Cardiovascular Research and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.R.D., T.D.H., A.M.A., S.S.V., V.N., C.M.B.)
| | - Vishnu Priya Pulipati
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (V.P.P., M.H.D.)
| | - Anne K Nugent
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (A.K.N., P.M.M.)
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX (S.S.V., V.N.)
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX (S.S.V., V.N.)
| | - Patrick M Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (A.K.N., P.M.M.)
| | - Michael H Davidson
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL (V.P.P., M.H.D.)
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Sections of Cardiovascular Research and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.R.D., T.D.H., A.M.A., S.S.V., V.N., C.M.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujita S, Nishizawa H, Miyashita Y, Imada T, Yamaguchi T, Murano T, Bujo H, Asano Y, Kozawa J, Maeda N, Shimomura I. Genetic assessment using whole-exome sequencing for a young hypertriglyceridemic patient with repeated acute pancreatitis. Endocr J 2022; 69:1101-1108. [PMID: 35387941 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej22-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is caused not only by environmental factors but also by genetic factors. Severe hypertriglyceridemia is prone to complications of acute pancreatitis. Here, we report a whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis for a young hypertriglyceridemic patient with recurrent acute pancreatitis and the patient's mother. A 28-year-old hypertriglyceridemic female was admitted to our hospital. At 23 years old, a health checkup clarified her hypertriglyceridemia. At the age of 26 and 27, she had repeated acute pancreatitis with severe hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride level were 3,888 mg/dL and 12,080 mg/dL, respectively). The patient's BMI was 29.0 kg/m2, and blood samples under fibrate medication showed triglyceride 451 mg/dL and HbA1c 7.2%. Type V dyslipidemia became more apparent at postprandial state. The WES analysis showed that the patients had two heterozygous variants in Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene (p.G185C and p.V153M), a heterozygous variant in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene (p.R176C), three heterozygous variants in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene (p.T1220I, p.R1453W and p.V470M). On the other hand, her mother, who had moderate hypertriglyceridemia without acute pancreatitis, had a heterozygous variant in APOA5 gene (p.G185C) and two heterozygous variants in CFTR gene (p.T1220I and p.V470M). These results suggest that the more severe pathology of the patient than her mother might be due to the possible compound heterozygous APOA5 variants, the heterozygous APOE variant, and the possible compound heterozygous CFTR variants. In this case, WES analyses were useful to evaluate not only the causative genes of hypertriglyceridemia (APOA5 and APOE) but also the genes involved in the development of acute pancreatitis (CFTR) simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Fujita
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyashita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tasuku Imada
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Center of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Takeyoshi Murano
- Clinical Laboratory Program, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan HLE, Hure A, Peel R, Hancock S, Attia J. Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort. Intern Med J 2021; 53:363-372. [PMID: 34779574 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) (defined as ≥1.7mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18-33% with significant inter-regional variation. Despite meta-analyses demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid lowering therapy and specialist clinics. Increase awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group. METHODS Data were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling men and women aged between 55-85 years residing in Newcastle, NSW. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7mmol/L), mild (1.7- <2.3mmol/L), and moderate-severe HTG (≥2.3mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate-severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing Body Mass Index (BMI), current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model. CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin Evelyn Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Stephen Hancock
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Folwaczny A, Waldmann E, Altenhofer J, Henze K, Parhofer KG. Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Normolipidemic Subjects and Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia: Effects of Test Meals Containing Saturated Fatty Acids, Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids, or Medium-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051737. [PMID: 34065380 PMCID: PMC8160756 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia are causal risk factors for atherosclerosis. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia is approximately 25–30% and most hypertriglyceridemic patients suffer from mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Data regarding dietary interventions on postprandial triglyceride metabolism of mildly to moderately hypertriglyceridemic patients is, however, sparse. In a randomized controlled trial, eight mildly hypertriglyceridemic patients and five healthy, normolipidemic controls received three separate standardized fat-meals containing either saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), or medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) in a randomized order. Fasting and postprandial lipid parameters were determined over a 10 h period and the (incremental) area under the curve (AUC/iAUC) for plasma triglycerides and other parameters were determined. MCFA do not lead to a significant elevation of postprandial total plasma triglycerides and other triglyceride parameters, while both SFA (patients: p = 0.003, controls: p = 0.03 compared to MCFA) and MUFA (patients: p = 0.001; controls: p = 0.14 compared to MCFA) do lead to such an increase. Patients experienced a significantly more pronounced increase of plasma triglycerides than controls (SFA: patients iAUC = 1006 mg*h/dL, controls iAUC = 247 mg*h/dL, p = 0.02; MUFA: patients iAUC = 962 mg*h/dL, controls iAUC = 248 mg*h/dL, p = 0.05). Replacing SFA with MCFA may be a treatment option for mildly to moderately hypertriglyceridemic patients as it prevents postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
Collapse
|
9
|
Biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in male rats submitted to an experimental model of early weaning that mimics mother abandoning. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:523-529. [PMID: 32900421 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Literature describes breast milk as the best food for the newborn, recommending exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months of age. However, it is not available for more than 40% of children worldwide. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological models of 3-day early weaning were developed in rodents to investigate later outcomes related solely to this nutritional insult. Thus, the present work aimed to describe biometric, nutritional, biochemical, and cardiovascular outcomes in adult male rats submitted to 3-day early weaning achieved by maternal deprivation. This experimental model comprises not only nutritional insult but also emotional stress, simulating mother abandoning. Male offspring were physically separated from their mothers at 21st (control) or 18th (early weaning) postnatal day, receiving water/food ad libitum. Analysis performed at postnatal days 30, 90, 150, and 365 encompassed body mass and food intake monitoring and serum biochemistry determination. Further assessments included hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and cardiorespiratory evaluation. Early-weaned males presented higher body weight when compared to control as well as dyslipidemia, higher blood pressure, diastolic dysfunction, and cardiac hypertrophy in adult life. Animals early deprived of their mothers have also presented a worse performance on the maximal effort ergometer test. This work shows that 3-day early maternal deprivation favors the development of cardiovascular disease in male rats.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a major cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Dyslipidemia is prevalent in children with T2D and is a known risk factor for CVD. In this review, we critically examine the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and recommendations for dyslipidemia management in pediatric T2D. RECENT FINDINGS Dyslipidemia is multifactorial and related to poor glycemic control, insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility. Current guidelines recommend lipid screening after achieving glycemic control and annually thereafter. The desired lipid goals are low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) > 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides (TG) < 150 mg/dL. If LDL-C remains > 130 mg/dL after 6 months, statins are recommended with a treatment goal of < 100 mg/dL. If fasting TG are > 400 mg/dL or non-fasting TG are > 1000 mg/dL, fibrates are recommended. Although abnormal levels of atherogenic TG-rich lipoproteins, apolipoprotein B, and non-HDL-C are commonly present in pediatric T2D, their measurement is not currently considered in risk assessment or management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvana Sunil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CPPII M30, 1601 4th Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Viall AK, McNamee AL, Olsen LE, Deitz KL, Hostetter SJ. Prognostic value of dyslipidemia for sick dogs hospitalized in the intensive care unit of a veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2020; 254:699-709. [PMID: 30835179 DOI: 10.2460/javma.254.6.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the lipidemia status and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides of dogs when initially examined for hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a veterinary teaching hospital and to determine whether these variables were predictive of survival to hospital discharge. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 549 client-owned sick (n = 398) and healthy (151) dogs. PROCEDURES Medical records of sick dogs hospitalized in the ICU at a veterinary teaching hospital between January 1, 2012, and September 30, 2015, and of healthy dogs evaluated at the teaching hospital during the same time frame were reviewed. Data collection included signalment, results of initial physical and clinicopathologic examinations, treatments, diagnosis, and survival to hospital discharge. Lipidemia status and serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides were compared between healthy and sick dogs and between sick dogs that did and did not survive to hospital discharge. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether these variables were predictive of survival to hospital discharge in dogs. RESULTS Factors associated with increased odds of sick dogs not surviving to hospital discharge were hypocholesterolemia (OR, 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 3.34), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.00 to 5.13), and concurrent hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 55.7; 95% CI, 3.2 to 959.6) at the time of initial evaluation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that hypocholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, alone or in combination, at initial examination were negative prognostic indicators for survival of dogs hospitalized in the ICU and that these conditions were easily identified with routine serum clinicopathologic analyses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019;254:699-709).
Collapse
|
12
|
Hashemi Madani N, Ismail-Beigi F, Poustchi H, Nalini M, Sepanlou SG, Malek M, Abbasi MA, Khajavi A, Khamseh ME, Malekzadeh R. Impaired fasting glucose and major adverse cardiovascular events by hypertension and dyslipidemia status: the Golestan cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:113. [PMID: 32138676 PMCID: PMC7057517 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether pre-diabetes in the absence of hypertension (HTN) or dyslipidemia (DLP) is a risk factor for occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is not fully established. We investigated the effect of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) alone and in combination with HTN, DLP or both on subsequent occurrence of MACE as well as individual MACE components. METHODS This longitudinal population-based study included 11,374 inhabitants of Northeastern Iran. The participants were free of any cardiovascular disease at baseline and were followed yearly from 2010 to 2017. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to measure the hazard of IFG alone or in combination with HTN and DLP on occurrence of MACE as the primary endpoint. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-seven MACE were recorded during 6.2 ± 0.1 years follow up. IFG alone compared to normal fasting glucose (NFG) was not associated with an increase in occurrence of MACE (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.19-4.02; p, 0.854). However, combination of IFG and HTN (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.04-4.07; p, 0.000) or HTN + DLP (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.89-4.71; p, 0.000) significantly increased the risk for MACE. Moreover, IFG + DM with or without HTN, DLP, or both was also associated with an increase in the incidence of MACE. CONCLUSION IFG, per se, does not appear to increase hazard of MACE. However, IFG with HTN or HTN + DLP conferred a significant hazard for MACE in an incremental manner. Moreover, IFG without HTN, adjusted for DLP, can be associated with an increase in the risk for CVD- death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Hashemi Madani
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), No. 10, Firoozeh St, Valiasr Ave, Vali-asr Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Malek
- Research Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abbasi
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), No. 10, Firoozeh St, Valiasr Ave, Vali-asr Sq, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khajavi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad E Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), No. 10, Firoozeh St, Valiasr Ave, Vali-asr Sq, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Amorphization Methods on the Properties and Structures of Potato Starch‐Monoglyceride Complex. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
14
|
Intensive genetic analysis for Chinese patients with very high triglyceride levels: Relations of mutations to triglyceride levels and acute pancreatitis. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:171-177. [PMID: 30420299 PMCID: PMC6306308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe hypertriglyceridemia (SHTG, TG ≥5·65 mmol/L), a disease, usually resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, previous genetic analysis has been limited by lacking of related observation of gene to AP. Methods The expanding genetic sequencing including 15 TG-related genes (LPL, LMF1, APOC2, GPIHBP1, GCKR, ANGPTL3, APOB, APOA1-A4-C3-A5, TRIB1, CETP, APOE, and LIPI) was performed within 103 patients who were diagnosed with primary SHTG and 46 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Findings Rare variants were found in 46 patients and 12 controls. The detection rate of rare variants in SHTG group increased by 19·5% via intensive genetic analysis. Presence of rare variants in LPL, APOA5, five LPL molecular regulating genes and all the sequenced genes were found to be associated with SHTG (p < 0·05). Of noted, patients with history of AP presented higher frequency of rare variants in LPL gene and all the LPL molecular regulating genes (27·8% vs.4·7% and 50·0% vs. 20·0%). The risk scores for SHTG determined by common TG-associated variants were increased in subgroups according to the extent of SHTG when they were compared with that of controls. Finally, patients without rare variants within SHTG group also presented higher risk scores than control group (p < 0·05). Interpretation Expanding genetic analysis had a higher detection rate of rare variants in patients with SHTG. Rare variants in LPL and its molecular regulating genes could increase the risk of AP among Chinese patients with SHTG. Fund This work was partially supported by the Capital Health Development Fund (201614035) and CAMS. Major Collaborative Innovation Project (2016-I2M-1-011) awarded to Dr. Jian-Jun Li, MD, PhD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jung MK, Yoo EG. Hypertriglyceridemia in Obese Children and Adolescents. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:143-149. [PMID: 31089556 PMCID: PMC6504196 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is a serious public health concern. Hypertriglyceridemia is common in obese children and adolescents, and elevated triglyceride (TG) level is a known biomarker of cardiometabolic risk. Results from genetic studies suggest that TG and TG-rich lipoproteins and, more specifically, remnant cholesterol are in the causal pathway of cardiovascular disease. However, simultaneous measurement of all remnants has not yet been established, and plasma TG level can be used as a useful marker of remnant cholesterol. Adipose tissue dysfunction, including impaired adipocyte TG storage and release of fatty acids, mediates the development of obesity-related complications. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia increases in overweight or obese children and is associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors. Recently, the TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio was recognized as a marker of structural vascular changes and insulin resistance in obese youth. Recent guidelines recommend universal lipid screening with nonfasting non-HDL-C measurement in children at 9–11 years of age; however, fasting lipid profiles should be measured in obese children and overweight adolescents and in those with high non-HDL-C in universal screening. The primary approach to lower TG in children includes dietary and lifestyle modifications; however, children with severe hypertriglyceridemia should also be referred to a pediatric lipid specialist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kiss L, Fűr G, Mátrai P, Hegyi P, Ivány E, Cazacu IM, Szabó I, Habon T, Alizadeh H, Gyöngyi Z, Vigh É, Erőss B, Erős A, Ottoffy M, Czakó L, Rakonczay Z. The effect of serum triglyceride concentration on the outcome of acute pancreatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14096. [PMID: 30237456 PMCID: PMC6147944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum triglyceride concentration (seTG, >1.7 mM or >150 mg/dL) or in other words hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is common in the populations of developed countries. This condition is accompanied by an increased risk for various diseases, such as acute pancreatitis (AP). It has been proposed that HTG could also worsen the course of AP. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the effects of various seTGs on the severity, mortality, local and systemic complications of AP, and on intensive care unit admission. 16 eligible studies, including 11,965 patients were retrieved from PubMed and Embase. The results showed that HTG significantly elevated the odds ratio (OR = 1.72) for severe AP when compared to patients with normal seTG (<1.7 mM). Furthermore, a significantly higher occurrence of pancreatic necrosis, persistent organ failure and renal failure was observed in groups with HTG. The rates of complications and mortality for AP were significantly increased in patients with seTG >5.6 mM or >11.3 mM versus <5.6 mM or <11.3 mM, respectively. We conclude that the presence of HTG worsens the course and outcome of AP, but we found no significant difference in AP severity based on the extent of HTG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- MTASZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Ivány
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Irina Mihaela Cazacu
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Imre Szabó
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Habon
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, First Department of Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- Department of Haematology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gyöngyi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Vigh
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Erős
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Máté Ottoffy
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Szentagothai Research Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Czakó
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The concept of severe hypertriglyceridemia and its implications in clinical practice. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:193-196. [PMID: 30249422 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Liu Y, Xu J, Tao W, Yu R, Zhang X. A Compound Heterozygous Mutation of Lipase Maturation Factor 1 is Responsible for Hypertriglyceridemia of a Patient. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:136-144. [PMID: 29910226 PMCID: PMC6365152 DOI: 10.5551/jat.44537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Dyslipidemia is the most common lipid metabolism disorder in humans, and its etiology remains elusive. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a type of dyslipidemia that contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein CII (APOC2), apolipoprotein AV (APOA5), glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), lipase maturation factor 1(LMF1), and glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) are responsible for HTG by using genomic microarrays and next-generation sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify genetic lesions in patients with HTG. METHOD Our study included a family of seven members from Jiangsu province across three generations. The proband was diagnosed with severe HTG, with a plasma triglyceride level of 38.70 mmol/L. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were performed to explore the possible causative gene mutations for this patient. Furthermore, we measured the post-heparin LPL and hepatic lipase (HL) activities using an antiserum inhibition method. RESULTS A compound heterozygous mutation in the LMF1 gene (c.257C>T/p.P86L and c.1184C>T/p.T395I) was identified and co-segregated with the affected patient in this family. Both mutations were predicted to be deleterious by three bioinformatics programs (Polymorphism Phenotyping-2, Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant, and MutationTaster). The levels of the plasma post-heparin LPL and HL activities in the proband (57 and 177 mU/mL) were reduced to 24% and 75%, respectively, compared with those assayed in the control subject with normal plasma triglycerides. CONCLUSION A compound heterozygous mutation of LMF1 was identified in the presenting patient with severe HTG. These findings expand on the spectrum of LMF1 mutations and contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with HTG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University
| | - Jiang Xu
- Medical School of Yangzhou University
| | - Wanyun Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Rong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second XiangYa Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University.,Medical School of Yangzhou University
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwanbunjan K, Panprathip P, Phosat C, Chumpathat N, Wechjakwen N, Puduang S, Auyyuenyong R, Henkel I, Schweigert FJ. Association of retinol binding protein 4 and transthyretin with triglyceride levels and insulin resistance in rural thais with high type 2 diabetes risk. BMC Endocr Disord 2018; 18:26. [PMID: 29747616 PMCID: PMC5946392 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a protein secreted by adipocytes and bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), has been associated with obesity, the early phase of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between RBP4, TTR, triglyceride (TG) and type 2 diabetes risk in rural Thailand. METHODS We measured the serum RBP4, TTR, glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels, and glucose tolerance of 167 volunteers from Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the relationships between RBP4, TTR and type 2 diabetes markers. RESULTS RBP4 and TTR levels, as well as homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, were significantly elevated among subjects with high triglyceride levels (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Triglyceride levels correlated with RBP4 (r = 0.34, p < 0.001) and TTR (r = 0.26, p < 0.01) levels, as well as HOMA-IR values (r = 0.16, p < 0.05). After adjustment for age and gender, the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.7 times greater (95% CI =1.42-9.73, p = 0.008) in the highest RBP4 tertile as compared to the lowest tertile. Similarly, the highest TTR and HOMA-IR tertiles had greater risk of hypertriglyceridemia at 3.5 (95% CI = 1.30-9.20, p = 0.01) and 3.6 (95% CI = 1.33-9.58, p = 0.01) times higher than the respective lowest tertiles. The correlation between TTR and blood glucose was statistically significant (r = 0.18, p < 0.05), but not found this relationship in RBP4. CONCLUSIONS The associations of RBP4 and TTR with hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance may have important implications for the risk of heart disease and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Pornpimol Panprathip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Chanchira Phosat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Noppanath Chumpathat
- Faculty of Nursing, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samut Prakan, 10540 Thailand
| | - Naruemon Wechjakwen
- Faculty of Public Health, Nakhonratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Somchai Puduang
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Ratchada Auyyuenyong
- Department of Food Business and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34000 Thailand
| | - Ina Henkel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Potsdam, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Allium vegetable intakes and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes in adults: a longitudinal follow-up study. J Hypertens 2018; 35:1909-1916. [PMID: 28319598 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between habitual consumption of allium vegetables (garlic and onion) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, hypertension (HTN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Adult men and women, participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006-2008 to 2012-2014), were recruited. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure, and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and during follow-up examinations. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate the development of CVD outcomes, HTN, CKD, and T2D in relation to allium vegetable intakes. RESULTS Mean age of participants (44.2% men) was 40.3 ± 14.3 years, at baseline. During an average of 6 years of follow-up, the incidence rate of CVD outcomes, HTN, CKD, and T2D were 3.3, 15.5, 17.9, and 6.7%, respectively. A higher habitual intake of allium vegetables was associated with a 64% reduced risk of CVD outcomes (hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.18-0.71; P for trend = 0.011), 32% lower incidence of CKD (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.46-0.98; P for trend = 0.11), and 26% decreased HTN development (hazard ratio = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.54-1.00; P for trend = 0.06). No significant association was observed between allium vegetable intakes and the risk of T2D. Allium vegetable intake was related to 6 years' changes of triglyceride levels (β = -0.81, P = 0.01) and creatinine clearance (β = 0.56, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Data of the current study support the available mechanistic findings regarding cardiorenal protective properties of allium vegetables.
Collapse
|
21
|
Weiss TW, Rohla M. Metabolic syndrome, inflammation and atherothrombosis. Hamostaseologie 2017; 33:283-94. [DOI: 10.5482/hamo-13-07-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryExtensive research of the past decades altered our traditional concept about the genesis of atherosclerosis fundamentally. Today, the crucial role of inflammation in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques is indisputable. Patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease, owing to poor diet, obesity and low physical activity have been shown to exhibit a particular inflammatory pattern.Therefore, the present review highlights the crosslink between the metabolic syndrome (MetS), adipose tissue, adipokines and selected inflammatory cytokines in the context of atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hum
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muhammad N. Mahmood
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vivian Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marlene Dytoc
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence to: Marlene Dytoc, MD, PhD, FRCPC, Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8 Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, NW, Edmonton, T6G 2G3, Alberta, Canada.Division of DermatologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Alberta8 Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Avenue, NWEdmontonAlbertaT6G 2G3Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang SH, Du Y, Li XL, Zhang Y, Li S, Xu RX, Zhu CG, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Qing P, Gao Y, Cui CJ, Dong Q, Sun J, Li JJ. Triglyceride to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Cardiovascular Events in Diabetics With Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:117-124. [PMID: 28864368 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that an elevated ratio of triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is also found to be associated with cardiovascular events (CVEs) in the general population. However, its prognostic value in patients with T2DM along with CAD remains to be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,447 consecutive patients with T2DM with angiographic-proven stable CAD were enrolled in the present study and followed-up for an average of 20.3 months. The characteristics of all patients including fasting lipid profile were obtained at baseline and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were constructed using log TG/HDL-C as a predictor variable. The relationships between CVEs and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apolipoprotein B/ apolipoprotein AI (apoB/apoAI) were also explored. RESULTS Compared with patients without CVEs, the ones who experienced CVEs had a higher TG/HDL-C ratio. Univariable regression revealed a significant association of log TG/HDL-C with CVEs (hazard ratio = 2.5, P = 0.015). After adjusting for multiple traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease, the association was still found (hazard ratio = 2.47, P = 0.047). Moreover, results suggested that the ratios of non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and apoB/apoAI were not predictors for CVEs in T2DM. CONCLUSIONS In our primary study, data suggested that elevated TG/HDL-C value might be a useful predictor for future CVEs in Chinese patients with T2DM with stable CAD. Further study is needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Yang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Du
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qing
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Jue Cui
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Joglekar K, Brannick B, Kadaria D, Sodhi A. Therapeutic plasmapheresis for hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis: case series and review of the literature. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2017; 8:59-65. [PMID: 28507728 PMCID: PMC5415006 DOI: 10.1177/2042018817695449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is the third leading cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) in the United States. The current standard of care includes management of HTG using pharmacological therapy. More recently, plasmapheresis has been proposed as a therapeutic tool for decreasing triglyceride (TG) levels, especially in critically ill patients. Few studies are available to ascertain overall benefits of plasmapheresis over traditional management. OBJECTIVE To analyze the outcomes of patients treated with plasmapheresis for severe HTG-associated pancreatitis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of three patients with severe HTG- associated (TGs greater than 1000 mg/dl; 11.29 mmol/l) AP at the Methodist University Hospital. All the patients underwent plasmapheresis as part of their treatment. RESULTS The average TG level before plasmapheresis was 3532 mg/dl (range: 2524-4562 mg/dl; 39.9 mmol/l; range: 28.5-51.6 mmol/l). All patients made a full recovery, with a significant improvement in TG levels after plasmapheresis. The mean number of sessions was 1.3 (range 1-2), and mean TG level after plasmapheresis was 1051 mg/dl (range: 509-1771 mg/dl; 11.9 mmol/l; range: 5.8-20 mmol/l). After the first session, the average reduction of TG level was 2481 mg/dl (range 753-3750 mg/dl; 28 mmol/l; range: 8.5-42.4 mmol/l) or approximately 70%. None of the patients developed complications related to plasmapheresis. CONCLUSIONS Plasmapheresis can be an effective and rapid treatment option in patients with severe HTG and complications. However, further research, including randomized controlled studies, is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Joglekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ben Brannick
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dipen Kadaria
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Premature atherosclerosis in diabetes accounts for much of the decreased life span. New treatments have reduced this risk considerably. This review explores the relationship among the disturbances in glucose, lipid, and bile salt metabolic pathways that occur in diabetes. In particular, excess nutrient intake and starvation have major metabolic effects, which have allowed us new insights into the disturbance that occurs in diabetes. Metabolic regulators such as the forkhead transcription factors, the farnesyl X transcription factors, and the fibroblast growth factors have become important players in our understanding of the dysregulation of metabolism in diabetes and overnutrition. The disturbed regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in both the intestine and the liver has been more clearly defined over the past few years, and the atherogenicity of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and - in tandem - low levels of high-density lipoproteins, is seen now as very important. New information on the apolipoproteins that control lipoprotein lipase activity has been obtained. This is an exciting time in the battle to defeat diabetic atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GH Tomkin
- Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: GH Tomkin, Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital, Clontra, Quinns Road, Shankill, Dublin 18, Ireland, Email
| | - D Owens
- Diabetes Institute of Ireland, Beacon Hospital
- Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Viecili PRN, da Silva B, Hirsch GE, Porto FG, Parisi MM, Castanho AR, Wender M, Klafke JZ. Triglycerides Revisited to the Serial. Adv Clin Chem 2017; 80:1-44. [PMID: 28431638 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the role of triglycerides (TGs) in the normal cardiovascular system as well as in the development and clinical manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Regulation of TGs at the enzymatic and genetic level, in addition to their possible relevance as preclinical and clinical biomarkers, is discussed, culminating with a description of available and emerging treatments. Due to the high complexity of the subject and the vast amount of material in the literature, the objective of this review was not to exhaust the subject, but rather to compile the information to facilitate and improve the understanding of those interested in this topic. The main publications on the topic were sought out, especially those from the last 5 years. The data in the literature still give reason to believe that there is room for doubt regarding the use of TG as disease biomarkers; however, there is increasing evidence for the role of hypertriglyceridemia on the atherosclerotic inflammatory process, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality.
Collapse
|
27
|
Solomon DM, Hollands JM, Siemianowski LA, Smith CE, Song RJ, Bingham AL. Do Patients With a Baseline Clinical Condition Warranting the Cautious Use of Parenteral Nutrition Develop Subsequent Metabolic Complications? Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 32:400-406. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533616680793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Solomon
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M. Hollands
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Angela L. Bingham
- Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Fasting hypertriglyceridemia is positively associated with the morbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD), and postprandial (non-fasting) hypertriglyceridemia is also correlated with the risk status for CHD, which is related to the increase in chylomicron (CM) remnant lipoproteins produced from the intestine. CM remnant particles, as well as oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) or very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants, are highly atherogenic and act by enhancing systemic inflammation, platelet activation, coagulation, thrombus formation, and macrophage foam cell formation. The cholesterol levels of remnant lipoproteins significantly correlate with small, dense LDL; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and CHD prevalence. We have developed an assay of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 levels to evaluate the accumulation of CM remnants. Fasting apoB-48 levels correlate with the morbidity of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type III hyperlipoproteinemia, the metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease, and IGT. Fasting apoB-48 levels also correlate with carotid intima-media thickening and CHD prevalence, and a high apoB-48 level is a significant predictor of CHD risk, independent of the fasting TG level. Diet interventions, such as dietary fibers, polyphenols, medium-chain fatty acids, diacylglycerol, and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), ameliorate postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, moreover, drugs for dyslipidemia (n-3 PUFA, statins, fibrates or ezetimibe) and diabetes concerning incretins (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor or glucagon like peptide-1 analogue) may improve postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. Since the accumulation of CM remnants correlates to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, further studies are required to investigate the characteristics, physiological activities, and functions of CM remnants for the development of new interventions to reduce atherogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Casanova MA, Medeiros F, Trindade M, Cohen C, Oigman W, Neves MF. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia and high cardiovascular risk. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:10-19. [PMID: 27876342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Association between hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular (CV) disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare omega-3 and ciprofibrate effects on the vascular structure and function in low and high CV risk hypertensive patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Twenty-nine adults with triglycerides 150-499 mg/dL were divided into low (<7.5%) and high (≥7.5%) CV risk, randomized to receive omega-3 fatty acids 1800 mg/d or ciprofibrate 100 mg/d for 12 weeks. Treatment was switched after 8-week washout. Clinical evaluation and vascular tests were assessed at baseline and after intervention. Peripheral (131 ± 3 to 125 ± 3 mm Hg, P < .05) and aortic (124 ± 3 to 118 ± 2 mg/dL, P < .05) systolic blood pressure were decreased by ciprofibrate in low-risk patients. In high-risk patients, pulse wave velocity was reduced (10.4 ± 0.4 to 9.4 ± 0.3 m/s, P < .05) and flow-mediated dilation was increased (11.1 ± 1.6 to 13.5 ± 1.2%, P < .05) by omega-3. In conclusion, omega-3 improved arterial stiffness and endothelial function, pointing out the beneficial effect of this therapy on vascular aging, in high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A Casanova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Medeiros
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Trindade
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célia Cohen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wille Oigman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Fritsch Neves
- Department of Clinical Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corona G, Cipriani S, Rastrelli G, Sforza A, Mannucci E, Maggi M. High Triglycerides Predicts Arteriogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Subjects With Sexual Dysfunction. J Sex Med 2016; 13:1347-1358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
31
|
Rashid N, Sharma PP, Scott RD, Lin KJ, Toth PP. Severe hypertriglyceridemia and factors associated with acute pancreatitis in an integrated health care system. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:880-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
32
|
Ghasemzadeh Z, Abdi H, Asgari S, Tohidi M, Khalili D, Valizadeh M, Moeini S, Eidkhani V, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Divergent pathway of lipid profile components for cardiovascular disease and mortality events: Results of over a decade follow-up among Iranian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:43. [PMID: 27346994 PMCID: PMC4919865 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the impact of different lipid measures on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mortality events is not consistent. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between different lipid parameters and incident CVD and mortality events in an Iranian population over a median follow-up of 11.9 years. METHODS The study was conducted on 2532 men and 2986 women aged ≥ 40 years. Multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), using age as time scale, were calculated for every 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in total cholesterol (TC), logarithm-transformed triglycerides (ln-TGs), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and ln-TGs/HDL-C. Covariates included gender (female as reference), body mass index, education status, low physical activity, smoking, blood pressure status (normotension, prehypertension and hypertension), glucose tolerance status (normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes and diabetes) and lipid lowering drugs. The same analyses were also repeated for tertiles of all lipid measures. Considering the absence of interaction between gender and lipid parameters, we used a sex-adjusted analysis. For analyses of mortality events, prevalent CVD was adjusted as well (All p for interactions > 0.1). RESULTS A total of 789 new CVD events, 279 cardiovascular (CV) and 270 non-CV deaths occurred. In multivariate analysis, all lipid measures except HDL-C showed significant risk for new CVD events with HRs ranged from 1.14 to 1.27 for ln-TGs/HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively (all p-values ≤ 0.001). Considering CV mortality, there were significant positive associations between TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and CV mortality events in sex-adjusted analysis; however after multivariate analysis, these associations attenuated and reached to null. Applying lipid measures as categorical variables, only TC displayed a positive association with CV mortality in multivariate analysis [TC ≥ 6.14 mmol/L: HR 1.43 (1.04-1.98)]. In multivariate analysis, there were negative significant associations between all lipid measures except HDL-C and non-CV mortality; every 1-SD increase in TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, ln-TGs ,TC/HDL-C and ln-TGs/HDL-C was associated with 24, 25, 27, 19, 23 and 17 % decreased risk in non-CV mortality (all p-values ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate divergent associations of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TGs and TGs/HDL-C with CVD vs non-CV mortality, demonstrating a higher risk for the former and lower risk for the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Abdi
- />Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Asgari
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tohidi
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Khalili
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- />Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moeini
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Eidkhani
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- />Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- />Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-476, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Narang A, Mor-Avi V, Bhave NM, Tarroni G, Corsi C, Davidson MH, Lang RM, Patel AR. Large high-density lipoprotein particle number is independently associated with microvascular function in patients with well-controlled low-density lipoprotein concentration: A vasodilator stress magnetic resonance perfusion study. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:314-22. [PMID: 27055962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides are associated with microvascular dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that lipid subfractions better predict atherogenic burden than a routine lipid panel. We sought to determine, whether lipid subfractions are more strongly associated with microvascular function and subclinical atherosclerosis, than conventional lipid measurements using vasodilator stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS Twenty-four adults referred for risk stratification from a lipid clinic with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <100 mg/dL underwent vasodilator CMR. Time-intensity curves generated from stress and rest perfusion images were used to determine the area under the curve (AUC) for the mid-ventricular slice myocardium and the left ventricular (LV) cavity. Myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRi) was defined as stress to rest ratio of mid-ventricular myocardium AUC, normalized to LV cavity AUC. Lipid panels that included subfractions of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance testing. The association between MPRi and lipid parameters was examined using univariate linear regression; lipid components statistically correlated with MPRi (P < .05) were then subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS Univariate regression analysis showed MPRi was associated with HDL-C, triglycerides, large HDL-P, and small LDL-P; no association was found between MPRi and total cholesterol, LDL-C, total LDL-P, or total HDL-P. Using multivariate analysis, large HDL-P was independently associated with MPRi. CONCLUSIONS In patients with LDL-C <100 mg/dL, large HDL-P is independently associated with CMR-derived myocardial perfusion reserve, a surrogate for microvascular function and subclinical atherosclerosis. Further studies using lipid subfractions to better understand cardiovascular risks are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Narang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor Mor-Avi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicole M Bhave
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Giacomo Tarroni
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cristiana Corsi
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roberto M Lang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amit R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cyr Y, Wassef H, Bissonnette S, Lamantia V, Davignon J, Faraj M. WAT apoC-I secretion: role in delayed chylomicron clearance in vivo and ex vivo in WAT in obese subjects. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1074-85. [PMID: 27040450 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p064170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) LPL activity delays plasma clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). We reported the secretion of apoC-I, an LPL inhibitor, from WAT ex vivo in women. Therefore we hypothesized that WAT-secreted apoC-I associates with reduced WAT LPL activity and TRL clearance. WAT apoC-I secretion averaged 86.9 ± 31.4 pmol/g/4 h and 74.1 ± 36.6 pmol/g/4 h in 28 women and 11 men with BMI ≥27 kg/m(2), respectively, with no sex differences. Following the ingestion of a (13)C-triolein-labeled high-fat meal, subjects with high WAT apoC-I secretion (above median) had delayed postprandial plasma clearance of dietary TRLs, assessed from plasma (13)C-triolein-labeled TGs and apoB48. They also had reduced hydrolysis and storage of synthetic (3)H-triolein-labeled ((3)H)-TRLs in WAT ex vivo (i.e., in situ LPL activity). Adjusting for WAT in situ LPL activity eliminated group differences in chylomicron clearance; while adjusting for plasma apoC-I, (3)H-NEFA uptake by WAT, or body composition did not. apoC-I inhibited in situ LPL activity in adipocytes in both a concentration- and time-dependent manner. There was no change in postprandial WAT apoC-I secretion. WAT apoC-I secretion may inhibit WAT LPL activity and promote delayed chylomicron clearance in overweight and obese subjects. We propose that reducing WAT apoC-I secretion ameliorates postprandial TRL clearance in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Cyr
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hanny Wassef
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Bissonnette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valerie Lamantia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Davignon
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - May Faraj
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Québec, Canada Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Montreal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lyseng-Williamson K, McCormack PL, Kim ES. Icosapent ethyl in hypertriglyceridaemia: a guide to its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-016-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
37
|
The effect of consuming Palmaria palmata-enriched bread on inflammatory markers, antioxidant status, lipid profile and thyroid function in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention trial in healthy adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1951-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
38
|
Tada H, Kawashiri MA, Nakahashi T, Yagi K, Chujo D, Ohbatake A, Mori Y, Mori S, Kometani M, Fujii H, Nohara A, Inazu A, Mabuchi H, Yamagishi M, Hayashi K. Clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:519-524. [PMID: 26228669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although of interest, few data exist on the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with an extremely high triglyceride level (≥ 1000 mg/dL). OBJECTIVE We assessed the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with an extremely high triglyceride level. METHODS We investigated the presence of coronary artery disease, history of pancreatitis, the presence of fatty liver, and the potential causes of elevated triglyceride in Japanese subjects with an extremely high level of fasting triglyceride (≥ 1000 mg/dL) among 70,368 subjects whose serum triglyceride was measured for any reason at Kanazawa University Hospital from April 2004 to March 2014. RESULTS We identified 215 (0.31%) subjects (mean age, 46 years; male, 170, mean body mass index, 25 kg/m(2)) with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Among them, 4 (1.9%) subjects were classified as type I, 97 (45.1%) subjects were type IV, and 114 (53.0%) subjects were type V hyperlipidemia, according to Fredrickson's classification. Among 215 subjects, 116 subjects (54.0%) drank alcohol, 58 (27.0%) showed heavy intake (≥ 60 g/d), and 64 (29.8%) subjects had diabetes. In total, 59 (27.4%) subjects had transient severe hypertriglyceridemia caused by corticosteroids (N = 19), antidepressant (N = 18), l-asparaginase and steroids for acute lymphoid leukemia (N = 15), hormone replacement therapy for breast cancer (N = 9), β-blocker (N = 5), hypothyroidism (N = 4), pregnancy (N = 4), and panhypopituitarism (N = 2). As many as 119 (55.3%) subjects exhibited fatty liver. Moreover, 12 (5.6%) and 17 (7.9%) subjects had a history of pancreatitis and coronary artery disease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A variety of situations can cause severe hypertriglyceridemia. We suggest that potential secondary causes should be carefully assessed for such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakahashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Azusa Ohbatake
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Mori
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Lipidology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inazu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Molecular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mabuchi
- Department of Lipidology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Klafke JZ, Porto FG, Batista R, Bochi GV, Moresco RN, da Luz PL, Viecili PRN. Association between hypertriglyceridemia and protein oxidation and proinflammatory markers in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic individuals. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:50-7. [PMID: 26115893 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease, evidence suggests that increased triglyceride (TG) concentrations are also an independent risk factor. TG concentrations >150mg/dl are observed nearly twice as often in subjects with atherosclerosis. We assessed the association between hypertriglyceridemia and protein oxidation and proinflammatory markers in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic individuals. METHODS We included 127 volunteers enrolled in Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil. The patients were stratified based on total cholesterol and TG concentrations for analysis of associations with inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP), endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide - NOx) and oxidative stress (advanced oxidation protein products - AOPPs; ischemia-modified albumin - IMA). Correlations between variables were determined and multiple regression analysis was employed to investigate whether some variables correlate with TG concentrations. RESULTS Hypertriglyceridemia was related to oxidative stress and proinflammatory markers in individuals independent of total cholesterol concentrations. Moreover, the results indicate a stronger association of tested biomarkers with TG concentrations than with total cholesterol. The results indicate a positive correlation between oxidative stress and TG concentrations in the sera of hypercholesterolemia subjects. AOPPs and IMA concentrations were associated with the presence of hypertriglyceridemia in a manner that was independent of age, gender, hypertension and diabetes mellitus disease, smoking habits, sedentary lifestyle, BMI, waist circumference, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that TG concentrations can reflect the enhancement of protein oxidation and proinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Zeni Klafke
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Garcez Porto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselaine Batista
- Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Vargas Bochi
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Noal Moresco
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Protásio Lemos da Luz
- Instituto de Cardiologia-InCor-Hospital da Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo-HCFM-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Nazário Viecili
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Atenção Integral à Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto de Cardiologia de Cruz Alta, 98010-110 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil; Grupo Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade de Cruz Alta, 98020-290 Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Block RC, Abdolahi A, Tu X, Georas SN, Brenna JT, Phipps RP, Lawrence P, Mousa SA. The effects of aspirin on platelet function and lysophosphatidic acids depend on plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 96:17-24. [PMID: 25555354 PMCID: PMC4395522 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin's prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and aspirin all affect the cyclooxygenase enzyme. The relationship between plasma EPA and DHA and aspirin's effects has not been determined. Thirty adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ingested aspirin (81 mg/day) for 7 days, then EPA+DHA (2.6g/day) for 28 days, then both for another 7 days. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species and more classic platelet function outcomes were determined. Plasma concentrations of total EPA+DHA were associated with 7-day aspirin reduction effects on these outcomes in a "V"-shaped manner for all 11 LPA species and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. This EPA+DHA concentration was quite consistent for each of the LPA species and ADP. These results support aspirin effects on lysolipid metabolism and platelet aggregation depending on plasma EPA+DHA concentrations in individuals with a disturbed lipid milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Block
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Amir Abdolahi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 265 Crittenden Boulevard, Box CU 420644, Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Phipps
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shah AS, Wilson DP. Primary hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 9:S20-8. [PMID: 26343209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Primary disorders of lipid metabolism causing hypertriglyceridemia (HyperTG) result from genetic defects in triglyceride synthesis and metabolism. With the exception of lipoprotein lipase deficiency, these primary HyperTG disorders usually present in adulthood. However, some are unmasked earlier by precipitating factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance, and can be diagnosed in adolescence. Physical findings may be present and can include eruptive, palmer, or tuberoeruptive xanthomas. Triglyceride levels are very high to severe and can occur in the absence or the presence of other lipid abnormalities. Each of the causes of HyperTG is associated with an increased risk to develop recurrent pancreatitis and some may increase the risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Adoption of a healthy lifestyle that includes a low-fat diet, optimizing body weight, smoking avoidance/cessation, and daily physical activity is the first line of therapy. Pharmacologic therapies are available and can be beneficial in select disorders. Here, we review the causes of primary HyperTG in children and adolescents, discuss their clinical presentation and associated complications including the risk of pancreatitis and premature cardiovascular disease, and conclude with management and novel therapies currently in development. The goal of this article is to provide a useful resource for clinicians who may encounter primary HyperTG in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center & the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Don P Wilson
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Castaldo RS. A Retrospective Case Series of the Lipid Effects of Switching From Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters to Icosapent Ethyl in Hyperlipidemic Patients. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:268-73. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
Cheng L, Luo Z, Xiang K, Ren J, Huang Z, Tang L, Tian F. Clinical significance of serum triglyceride elevation at early stage of acute biliary pancreatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:19. [PMID: 25887309 PMCID: PMC4341884 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has gained much attention. However, very limited numbers of studies have focused on the clinical significance of TG elevation in non-HTG induced pancreatitis, such as acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP). This study aimed to study the clinical significances of triglyceride (TG) elevation in patients with ABP. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a total of 426 ABP cases in our research center. According to the highest TG level within 72 h of disease onset, the patients were divided into a normal TG group and an elevated TG group. We analyzed the differences between the two groups of patients in aspects such as general information, disease severity, APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II) and Ranson scores, inflammatory cytokines, complications and prognosis. Results Compared with the normal TG group, patients in the elevated TG group showed a significantly higher body mass index and were significantly younger. TG elevation at the early stage of ABP was associated with higher risk of severe pancreatitis and organ failures, especially respiratory failure. For patients with severe pancreatitis, those with elevated TG levels were more likely to have a larger area of necrosis, and higher incidence of pancreatic abscess as well as higher mortality (17.78% versus 9.80%, P < 0.05). Conclusions In ABP patients, TG elevation might participate in the aggravation of pancreatitis and the occurrence of systemic or local complications. Thus, the TG level may serve as an important indicator to determine the prognosis of patients with ABP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| | - Zhulin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| | - Ke Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| | - Jiandong Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| | - Lijun Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| | - Fuzhou Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China, 610083.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Joshi SR. Saroglitazar for the treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:597-606. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
45
|
Severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient heterozygous for a lipoprotein lipase gene allele with two novel missense variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1259-61. [PMID: 25585702 PMCID: PMC4538214 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare monogenic hyperchylomicronemia is caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes involved in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, including the lipoprotein lipase gene, LPL. Clinical hallmarks of this condition are eruptive xanthomas, recurrent pancreatitis and abdominal pain. Patients with LPL deficiency and severe or recurrent pancreatitis are eligible for the first gene therapy treatment approved by the European Union. Therefore the precise molecular diagnosis of familial hyperchylomicronemia may affect treatment decisions. We present a 57-year-old male patient with excessive hypertriglyceridemia despite intensive lipid-lowering therapy. Abdominal sonography showed signs of chronic pancreatitis. Direct DNA sequencing and cloning revealed two novel missense variants, c.1302A>T and c.1306G>A, in exon 8 of the LPL gene coexisting on the same allele. The variants result in the amino-acid exchanges p.(Lys434Asn) and p.(Gly436Arg). They are located in the carboxy-terminal domain of lipoprotein lipase that interacts with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL-binding protein (GPIHBP1) and are likely of functional relevance. No further relevant mutations were found by direct sequencing of the genes for APOA5, APOC2, LMF1 and GPIHBP1. We conclude that heterozygosity for damaging mutations of LPL may be sufficient to produce severe hypertriglyceridemia and that chylomicronemia may be transmitted in a dominant manner, at least in some families.
Collapse
|
46
|
Retrospective Case Series of Patients with Diabetes or Prediabetes Who Were Switched from Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters to Icosapent Ethyl. Cardiol Ther 2014; 4:83-93. [PMID: 25515964 PMCID: PMC4472650 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-014-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with diabetes and prediabetes are at increased risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. To reduce this risk, statins and additional therapies may be considered. Omega-3 fatty acids offer an option to reduce triglycerides (TG) and potentially improve other lipid parameters, although products that contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) while eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) does not. Prescription formulations include omega-3-acid mixtures (combination of predominantly EPA and DHA), and icosapent ethyl (high-purity prescription form of EPA ethyl ester); prescription omega-3 products are indicated as an adjunct to diet to reduce TGs in adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia at a dose of 4 g/day. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of records from a private endocrinology practice of patients who received omega-3-acid ethyl esters (OM3EE) (4 g/day) and were subsequently switched to icosapent ethyl (IPE; 4 g/day) due to the potential of OM3EE to raise LDL-C and/or cause gastrointestinal upset. Patient records were analyzed for LDL-C, TG, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C measured before and after the switch to IPE. Results The records of ten patients met the criteria for this analysis and were included. All patients had taken OM3EE for ≥1 year prior to their last lipid measurement before switching to IPE, and all had been taking IPE for >3 months at the time of their subsequent lipid measurement. Nine of the ten patients were on concomitant statin therapy throughout. Reductions in LDL-C, TC, and non-HDL-C were observed in eight patients, reductions or no changes in TG were observed in eight patients, and increases or no changes in HDL-C were observed in eight patients. No gastrointestinal adverse events were observed. Conclusion In most patients with prediabetes or diabetes who switched from OM3EE to IPE, LDL-C and other lipid parameters improved. IPE was well tolerated.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Icosapent ethyl (Vascepa®) is a high-purity ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that is de-esterified to EPA following oral administration. Both EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids that have been associated with triglyceride (TG)-lowering. However, DHA has been associated with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Icosapent ethyl contains ≥96 % of the EPA ethyl ester, does not contain DHA, and is approved in the USA for use as an adjunct to diet to lower TG levels in adult patients with severe (≥500 mg/dL [≥5.65 mmol/L]) hypertriglyceridemia. In a pivotal phase III trial, oral icosapent ethyl 4 g/day significantly decreased the placebo-corrected median TG levels by 33.1 %. It did not increase LDL-C, had favorable effects on other lipid parameters, and had a tolerability profile similar to that of placebo. Therefore, icosapent ethyl is an effective and well-tolerated agent for the treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia in adults.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Early identification and treatment of risk factors that accelerate this condition are paramount to preventing disease. To this effect, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, issued updated pediatric guidelines for cardiovascular risk reduction in 2011. Integration of these guidelines into pediatric practice may lessen cardiovascular morbidity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In addition to reviewing the NHLBI guidelines, a detailed literature search was performed on PubMed for clinical studies published between 2010 and 2013. Key search terms included "pediatric dyslipidemia/hyperlipidemia," "cardiovascular disease," "atherosclerosis," "familial hypercholesterolemia," "hypertriglyceridemia," and "diabetes." Additional citations from these publications were also reviewed. Final publications were selected for their relevance to the topic. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS These guidelines contain several important recommendations relative to lipid management, including screening all children with nonfasting non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol at ages 9-11 years, incorporation of aggressive lifestyle changes to meet cholesterol targets, and initiation of statin therapy for those with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol elevation. In addition, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are now considered high-risk conditions and have stringent cholesterol targets. The primary aim is early identification of children with familial hypercholesterolemia; however, these recommendations have met with some controversy. The purpose of this update is to summarize these recent lipid guidelines, present the relevant controversies, highlight common cholesterol disorders, and discuss dyslipidemia specific to the pediatric diabetes population. CONCLUSION Identification and treatment of youth with dyslipidemia is of paramount importance to the reduction of future cardiovascular disease. Increasing the comprehension and application of the newest NHLBI guidelines is critical to improving cardiovascular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaneeta Bamba
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
De Castro-Orós I, Cenarro A, Tejedor MT, Baila-Rueda L, Mateo-Gallego R, Lamiquiz-Moneo I, Pocoví M, Civeira F. Common genetic variants contribute to primary hypertriglyceridemia without differences between familial combined hyperlipidemia and isolated hypertriglyceridemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:814-21. [PMID: 25176936 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of hypertriglyceridemias are diagnosed as familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) and primary isolated hypertriglyceridemias. The contribution of common genetic variants in primary hypertriglyceridemias and the genetic difference between FCHL and isolated hypertriglyceridemias have not been thoroughly examined. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved 580 patients with hypertriglyceridemias and 403 controls. Of the 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms examined, 12 located in 10 genes showed allelic and genotype frequency differences between hypertriglyceridemias and controls. The minor alleles of APOE, APOA5, GALNTN2, and GCKR variants were positively correlated with plasma triglycerides, whereas minor alleles of ADIPOR2, ANGPTL3, LPL, and TRIB1 polymorphisms were inversely associated. Body mass index, glucose, sex, rs328 and rs7007797 in LPL, rs662799 and rs3135506 in APOA5, and rs1260326 in GCKR explained 36% of the variability in plasma triglycerides, 7.3% of which was attributable to the genetic variables. LPL, GCKR, and APOA5 polymorphisms fit dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models, respectively. Variants more frequently identified in isolated hypertriglyceridemias were rs7412 in APOE and rs1800795 in IL6; rs2808607 in CYP7A1 and rs3812316 and rs17145738 in MLXIPL were more frequent in FCHL. The other 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms presented similar frequencies between isolated hypertriglyceridemias and FCHL. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants found in LPL, APOA5, and GCKR are associated with triglycerides levels in patients with primary hypertriglyceridemias. FCHL and isolated hypertriglyceridemias are probably trace to an accumulation of genetic variants predisposing to familial and sporadic hypertriglyceridemias or to hypertriglyceridemias and hypercholesterolemia in case of FCHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel De Castro-Orós
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ana Cenarro
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Tejedor
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lucía Baila-Rueda
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rocío Mateo-Gallego
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Itziar Lamiquiz-Moneo
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Pocoví
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- From the Unidad Clínica y de Investigación en Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis y Laboratorio de Investigación Molecular. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain (I.D.C.-O., A.C., L.B.-R., R.M.-G., I.L.-M., F.C.); Departamento de Anatomía, Embriología y Genética (M.T.T.) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular (M.P.), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bhojwani D, Darbandi R, Pei D, Ramsey LB, Chemaitilly W, Sandlund JT, Cheng C, Pui CH, Relling MV, Jeha S, Metzger ML. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia during therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:2685-94. [PMID: 25087182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparaginase and steroids can cause hypertriglyceridaemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). There are no guidelines for screening or management of patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (>1000mg/dL) during ALL therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fasting lipid profiles were obtained prospectively at four time-points for 257 children consecutively enrolled on a frontline ALL study. Risk factors were evaluated by the exact chi-square test. Details of adverse events and management of hypertriglyceridaemia were extracted retrospectively. RESULTS Eighteen of 257 (7%) patients developed severe hypertriglyceridaemia. Older age and treatment with higher doses of asparaginase and steroids on the standard/high-risk arm were significant risk factors. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia was not associated with pancreatitis after adjustment for age and treatment arm or with osteonecrosis after adjustment for age. However, patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia had a 2.5-3 times higher risk of thrombosis compared to patients without, albeit the difference was not statistically significant. Of the 30 episodes of severe hypertriglyceridaemia in 18 patients, seven were managed conservatively while the others with pharmacotherapy. Seventeen of 18 patients continued to receive asparaginase and steroids. Triglyceride levels normalised after completion of ALL therapy in all 12 patients with available measurements. CONCLUSION Asparaginase- and steroid-induced transient hypertriglyceridaemia can be adequately managed with dietary modifications and close monitoring without altering chemotherapy. Patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia were not at increased risk of adverse events, with a possible exception of thrombosis. The benefit of pharmacotherapy in decreasing symptoms and potential complications requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhojwani
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Rashid Darbandi
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Laura B Ramsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wassim Chemaitilly
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - John T Sandlund
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Monika L Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|