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Reay WR, Clarke E, Eslick S, Riveros C, Holliday EG, McEvoy MA, Peel R, Hancock S, Scott RJ, Attia JR, Collins CE, Cairns MJ. Using Genetics to Inform Interventions Related to Sodium and Potassium in Hypertension. Circulation 2024; 149:1019-1032. [PMID: 38131187 PMCID: PMC10962430 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a key risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events but remains difficult to treat in many individuals. Dietary interventions are an effective approach to lower blood pressure (BP) but are not equally effective across all individuals. BP is heritable, and genetics may be a useful tool to overcome treatment response heterogeneity. We investigated whether the genetics of BP could be used to identify individuals with hypertension who may receive a particular benefit from lowering sodium intake and boosting potassium levels. METHODS In this observational genetic study, we leveraged cross-sectional data from up to 296 475 genotyped individuals drawn from the UK Biobank cohort for whom BP and urinary electrolytes (sodium and potassium), biomarkers of sodium and potassium intake, were measured. Biologically directed genetic scores for BP were constructed specifically among pathways related to sodium and potassium biology (pharmagenic enrichment scores), as well as unannotated genome-wide scores (conventional polygenic scores). We then tested whether there was a gene-by-environment interaction between urinary electrolytes and these genetic scores on BP. RESULTS Genetic risk and urinary electrolytes both independently correlated with BP. However, urinary sodium was associated with a larger BP increase among individuals with higher genetic risk in sodium- and potassium-related pathways than in those with comparatively lower genetic risk. For example, each SD in urinary sodium was associated with a 1.47-mm Hg increase in systolic BP for those in the top 10% of the distribution of genetic risk in sodium and potassium transport pathways versus a 0.97-mm Hg systolic BP increase in the lowest 10% (P=1.95×10-3). This interaction with urinary sodium remained when considering estimated glomerular filtration rate and indexing sodium to urinary creatinine. There was no strong evidence of an interaction between urinary sodium and a standard genome-wide polygenic score of BP. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that genetic risk in sodium and potassium pathways could be used in a precision medicine model to direct interventions more specifically in the management of hypertension. Intervention studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Reay
- Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy (W.R.R., R.J.S., M.J.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program (W.R.R., M.J.C.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Clarke
- Health Sciences (E.C., S.E., C.E.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program (E.C., C.E.C.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Health Sciences (E.C., S.E., C.E.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.R., E.G.H., J.R.A.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G. Holliday
- Medicine and Public Health (E.G.H., R.P., S.H., J.R.A.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.R., E.G.H., J.R.A.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A. McEvoy
- Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia (M.A.M.)
| | - Roseanne Peel
- Medicine and Public Health (E.G.H., R.P., S.H., J.R.A.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Medicine and Public Health (E.G.H., R.P., S.H., J.R.A.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy (W.R.R., R.J.S., M.J.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection and Therapy Research Program (R.J.S.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - John R. Attia
- Medicine and Public Health (E.G.H., R.P., S.H., J.R.A.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (C.R., E.G.H., J.R.A.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Health Sciences (E.C., S.E., C.E.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program (E.C., C.E.C.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- Schools of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy (W.R.R., R.J.S., M.J.C.), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program (W.R.R., M.J.C.), New Lambton, NSW, Australia
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Opio J, Wynne K, Attia J, Oldmeadow C, Hancock S, Kelly B, Inder K, McEvoy M. Metabolic Health, Overweight or Obesity, and Depressive Symptoms among Older Australian Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:928. [PMID: 38612960 PMCID: PMC11013641 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between overweight or obesity and depressive symptoms in individuals with or without cardio-metabolic abnormalities is unclear. In a cross-sectional study we examined the odds of experiencing depressive symptoms in overweight or obese older adults with or without metabolic abnormalities. METHODS The participants included 3318 older adults from the Hunter Community Study Cohort with a Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 18.5 kgm2, stratified by BMI and metabolic health risk. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kgm2 and metabolically healthy as the absence of metabolic risk factors, according to International Diabetic Federation criteria for metabolic syndromes. Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were defined as a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score ≥ 16. RESULTS Compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) group, the odds of experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms were higher in those classified as a metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.76-2.06) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00-2.19), but not in those classified as metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW) (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.63-1.45), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW) (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.51-1.26), and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.65-1.64). Compared with MHNW males, the odds of moderate/severe depressive symptoms were increased in all other BMI category-metabolic health groups for males and females. LIMITATIONS Our relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design did not allow us to robustly establish causality. CONCLUSION The odds of experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms were increased in metabolically unhealthy older adults regardless of normal weight or obesity, with the odds of having moderate/severe depressive symptoms being higher in females than in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Opio
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
| | - Katie Wynne
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
- Diabetes and Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Brian Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
| | - Kerry Inder
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.O.); (K.W.); (J.A.); (C.O.); (B.K.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (S.H.); (K.I.)
- La Trobe Rural Health School, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Edwards Road, Flora Hill, VIC 3552, Australia
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3
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Knight P, Norman V, Gully R, Wood D, Raffaj D, Riddick L, Hancock S, Revanna S, Uvaise M, Herring S, Worrall M, Daye A, Terris M, O'Brien C, Kumar A, Scott S, Pritchard L, Palaniappan S, Hughes C, Griksaitis MJ, Riphagen S, Ramnarayan P. Can critical care transport be safely reduced in children intubated during emergency management of status epilepticus in the United Kingdom: a national audit with case-control analysis. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2023-326320. [PMID: 38448198 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the baseline clinical characteristics, predictors of successful extubation at referring hospitals and short-term outcomes of children intubated for status epilepticus and referred to United Kingdom (UK) paediatric critical care transport teams (PCCTs). DESIGN Multicentre audit with case-control analysis, conducted between 1 September 2018 and 1 September 2020. SETTING This study involved 10 UK PCCTs. PATIENTS Children over 1 month of age intubated during emergency management for status epilepticus (SE), referred to UK PCCTs. Patients with trauma, requiring time-critical neurosurgical intervention or those with a tracheostomy were excluded. INTERVENTIONS No interventions were implemented. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Out of the 1622 referrals for SE, 1136 (70%) were intubated at referral. The median age was 3 years (IQR 1.25-6.54 years). Among the intubated children, 396 (34.8%) were extubated locally by the referring team, with 19 (4.8%) requiring reintubation. Therefore, the overall rate of successful extubation was 33% (377/1136). There was significant variation between PCCTs, with local extubation rates ranging from 2% to 74%. Multivariable analyses showed region/PCCT, contributing diagnosis, acute changes on CT, preceding encephalopathy and type of continuous sedation (midazolam) used postintubation were significantly associated with transfer to a critical care unit. CONCLUSION This study highlights wide regional variation in early extubation practices. Regions with high successful extubation rates have established extubation guidelines from PCCTs. Successful extubation represents critical care transports that have been avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Knight
- Paediatric Intensive Care, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Victoria Norman
- Children's Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rochelle Gully
- Wales and West Acute Transport for Children Service (WATCh), Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Dora Wood
- Wales and West Acute Transport for Children Service (WATCh), Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Dusan Raffaj
- Children's Medical Emergency Transport (COMET), Leicester Royal Infirmary Children's Services, Leicester, UK
| | - Laura Riddick
- Embrace Yorkshire & Humber Infant & Children's Transport Service (Embrace), Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Embrace Yorkshire & Humber Infant & Children's Transport Service (Embrace), Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sanjay Revanna
- Kids Intensive Care and Decision Support and Neonatal Transports Service (KIDSNTS), Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Uvaise
- South Thames Retrieval Service at Evelina London Children's Hospital, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Sasha Herring
- South Thames Retrieval Service at Evelina London Children's Hospital, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Mark Worrall
- Paediatric Critical Care Transport-ScotSTAR, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley Daye
- Paediatric Critical Care Transport-ScotSTAR, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Terris
- Northern Ireland Specialist Transport and Retrieval (NISTAR), Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Cormac O'Brien
- Northern Ireland Specialist Transport and Retrieval (NISTAR), Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - Ananth Kumar
- Children's Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophie Scott
- Wales and West Acute Transport for Children Service (WATCh), Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Lisa Pritchard
- Northwest & North Wales Paediatric Transport Service (NWTS), Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Srinivasan Palaniappan
- Northwest & North Wales Paediatric Transport Service (NWTS), Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Charlotte Hughes
- Southampton Oxford Retrieval Team (SORT), Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael J Griksaitis
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Southampton Oxford Retrieval Team (SORT), Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Shelley Riphagen
- South Thames Retrieval Service at Evelina London Children's Hospital, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, UK
| | - Padmanabhan Ramnarayan
- Children's Acute Transport Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, UK
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Geethadevi GM, Peel R, Bell JS, Cross AJ, Hancock S, Ilomaki J, Tang T, Attia J, George J. Validity of three risk prediction models for dementia or cognitive impairment in Australia. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6964931. [PMID: 36585910 PMCID: PMC9804251 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND no studies have compared the predictive validity of different dementia risk prediction models in Australia. OBJECTIVES (i) to investigate the predictive validity of the Australian National University-Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI), LIfestyle for BRAin Health (LIBRA) Index and cardiovascular risk factors, ageing and dementia study (CAIDE) models for predicting probable dementia/cognitive impairment in an Australian cohort. (ii) To develop and assess the predictive validity of a new hybrid model combining variables from the three models. METHODS the Hunter Community Study (HCS) included 3,306 adults aged 55-85 years with a median follow-up of 7.1 years. Probable dementia/cognitive impairment was defined using Admitted Patient Data Collection, dispensing of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine, or a cognitive test. Model validity was assessed by calibration and discrimination. A hybrid model was developed using deep neural network analysis, a machine learning method. RESULTS 120 (3.6%) participants developed probable dementia/cognitive impairment. Mean calibration by ANU-ADRI, LIBRA, CAIDE and the hybrid model was 19, 0.5, 4.7 and 3.4%, respectively. The discrimination of the models was 0.65 (95% CI 0.60-0.70), 0.65 (95% CI 0.60-0.71), 0.54 (95% CI 0.49-0.58) and 0.80 (95% CI 0.78-0.83), respectively. CONCLUSION ANU-ADRI and LIBRA were better dementia prediction tools than CAIDE for identification of high-risk individuals in this cohort. ANU-ADRI overestimated and LIBRA underestimated the risk. The new hybrid model had a higher predictive performance than the other models but it needs to be validated independently in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopisankar M Geethadevi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Simon Bell
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Hancock
- School of Medicine and Public Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenni Ilomaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Titus Tang
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Platform, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Johnson George
- Address correspondence to: Johnson George. Tel: +61399039178;
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Clune T, Bruce M, Glanville E, Campbell AJD, Lockwood A, Hancock S, Thompson AN, Beetson S, Brookes D, Trengove C, O'Handley R, Jacobson C. Seropositivity to
Campylobacter
and association with abortion and lamb mortality in maiden ewes from Western Australia, South Australia and Victoria. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:397-406. [PMID: 35665919 PMCID: PMC9544749 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This case‐control study investigated associations between Campylobacter fetus or Campylobacter jejuni titre and reproductive outcomes in 22 flocks of Merino and non‐Merino maiden ewes aged 1–2 years old. Campylobacter titres were also determined for multiparous ewes aged 3 years or older on the same farms. C. fetus ‘positivity’ (titre ≥1:80) was detected for 12% (57/462; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.6 to 15.6) of maiden ewes and 31% (65/210; 95% CI 25.0 to 37.4) of mature ewes. The odds for failing to rear a lamb in C. fetus‐‘exposed’ maiden ewes (titre ≥1:10) was 2.01 times that of seronegative ewes (95% CI 1.09 to 3.77; P = 0.027), but there was no association between C. fetus‐‘positivity’ (titre ≥1:80) and failure to rise (OR 1.69; 95% CI 0.77 to 3.76; P = 0.191). C. fetus abortions were confirmed with microbial culture in one maiden ewe flock. In this flock, C. fetus titres fluctuated and often waned by lamb marking, highlighting the value of necropsies during abortion investigations. C. jejuni‐‘positivity’ (titre ≥1:80) was detected for 44% (204/462; 95% CI 39.7 to 48.7) maiden ewes, but odds of failing to rear were decreased for C. jejuni‐‘positive’ ewes (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.83; P = 0.007). The association between Campylobacter serology and the reproductive outcome was inconsistent in these flocks. Serology should be considered in the context of other risk factors and used in conjunction with other strategies to investigate the impact of Campylobacter exposure on ewe reproductive performance such as monitoring for abortions and lamb necropsies to determine aetiological diagnosis, and vaccination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Clune
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - M Bruce
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - E Glanville
- Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
| | - AJD Campbell
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - A Lockwood
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - S Hancock
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - AN Thompson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - S Beetson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
| | - D Brookes
- Mackinnon Project, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne Werribee Victoria 3030 Australia
| | - C Trengove
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Adelaide Roseworthy South Australia 5371 Australia
| | - R O'Handley
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Adelaide Roseworthy South Australia 5371 Australia
| | - C Jacobson
- Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute Murdoch University South Street Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia
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Tan HLE, Hure A, Peel R, Hancock S, Attia J. Prevalence and clinical risk prediction of hypertriglyceridaemia in a community cohort. Intern Med J 2021; 53:363-372. [PMID: 34779574 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) (defined as ≥1.7mmol/L) has a prevalence of 18-33% with significant inter-regional variation. Despite meta-analyses demonstrating its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, only 40% of HTG is identified in the community resulting in underutilisation of lipid lowering therapy and specialist clinics. Increase awareness of its clinical risk factors is needed to improve identification and management of HTG to prevent cardiovascular risk. AIMS To evaluate the prevalence, distribution and clinical predictors of hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7 mmol/L in a representative community group. METHODS Data were obtained from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling men and women aged between 55-85 years residing in Newcastle, NSW. Fasting triglycerides were identified based on availability of fasting blood glucose level and categorised according to normal (<1.7mmol/L), mild (1.7- <2.3mmol/L), and moderate-severe HTG (≥2.3mmol/L). Clinical predictors of HTG were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Of 2536 triglyceride levels, 2216 (87%) were in a fasting state and included in the study. Three hundred and two (13.6%) participants had mild HTG and 221 (10.0%) participants had moderate-severe HTG. Significant clinical predictors of HTG included male gender, increasing Body Mass Index (BMI), current smoking, decreasing daily step counts, increasing fasting glucose and higher thyroid stimulating hormone. Alcohol intake and blood pressure were not significant in either adjusted regression model. CONCLUSION Hypertriglyceridaemia ≥1.7mmol/L is common, affecting 24% of HCS. Clinical predictors identify modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular risk management. Clinician education to promote awareness is required to improve patient outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin Evelyn Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - Stephen Hancock
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle.,Hunter Medical Research Institute
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Reay WR, El Shair SI, Geaghan MP, Riveros C, Holliday EG, McEvoy MA, Hancock S, Peel R, Scott RJ, Attia JR, Cairns MJ. Genetic association and causal inference converge on hyperglycaemia as a modifiable factor to improve lung function. eLife 2021; 10:63115. [PMID: 33720009 PMCID: PMC8060032 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures of lung function are heritable, and thus, we sought to utilise genetics to propose drug-repurposing candidates that could improve respiratory outcomes. Lung function measures were found to be genetically correlated with seven druggable biochemical traits, with further evidence of a causal relationship between increased fasting glucose and diminished lung function. Moreover, we developed polygenic scores for lung function specifically within pathways with known drug targets and investigated their relationship with pulmonary phenotypes and gene expression in independent cohorts to prioritise individuals who may benefit from particular drug-repurposing opportunities. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of lung function was then performed which identified several drug–gene interactions with predicted lung function increasing modes of action. Drugs that regulate blood glucose were uncovered through both polygenic scoring and TWAS methodologies. In summary, we provided genetic justification for a number of novel drug-repurposing opportunities that could improve lung function. Chronic respiratory disorders like asthma affect around 600 million people worldwide. Although these illnesses are widespread, they can have several different underlying causes, making them difficult to treat. Drugs that work well on one type of respiratory disorder may be completely ineffective on another. Understanding the biological and environmental factors that cause these illnesses will allow them to be treated more effectively by tailoring therapies to each patient. Reduced lung function is a factor in respiratory disorders and it can have many genetic causes. Studying the genes of patients with reduced lung function can reveal the genes involved, some of which may already be targets of existing drugs for other illnesses. So, could a patient’s genetics be used to repurpose existing drugs to treat their respiratory disorders? Reay et al. combined three methods to link genetics and biological processes to the causes of reduced lung function. The results reveal several factors that could lead to new treatments. In one example, reduced lung function showed a link to genes associated with high blood sugar. As such, treatments used in diabetes might help improve lung function in some patients. Reay et al. also developed a scoring system that could predict the efficacy of a treatment based on a patient’s genetics. The study suggests that COVID-19 infection could be affected by blood sugar levels too. Chronic respiratory disorders are a critical issue worldwide and have proven difficult to treat, but these results suggest a way to identify new therapies and target them to the right patients. The findings also support a connection between lung function and blood sugar levels. This implies that perhaps existing diabetes treatments – including diet and lifestyle changes aimed at reducing or limiting blood sugar – could be repurposed to treat respiratory disorders in some patients. The next step will be to perform clinical trials to test whether these therapies are in fact effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sahar I El Shair
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Michael P Geaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Mark A McEvoy
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
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8
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Hancock S, Inglis L, Laurence M, Miller D, Thompson A. Facial action units, activity and time spent with dam are effective measures of pain in response to mulesing of Merino lambs. Aust Vet J 2020; 99:61-65. [PMID: 33145759 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Repeatable measures of pain in ruminants following husbandry procedures are required to validate responses to pain relief. This study tested the hypotheses that facial action units, activity and time spent with dam can be used to assess the efficacy of pain relief in lambs following mulesing. Merino lambs (n = 120) were allocated to one of six treatments implemented at mulesing: (1) lambs that were not mulesed or lambs that were mulesed and administered (2) no pain relief, (3) meloxicam 15 min before mulesing, (4) Tri-Solfen®, (5) a combination of meloxicam 15 min before mulesing and Tri-Solfen after mulesing and (6) meloxicam at mulesing. Facial action units detected a difference in pain between mulesed and non-mulesed lambs at 1 and 5 h post-mulesing (P = 0.005 and <0.001) but not at 26 h post-mulesing. Lambs that were not mulesed were more active and spent more time with their dams than mulesed lambs (P < 0.001). No differences were observed between lambs that were mulesed with or without pain relief. Therefore, facial action units, activity of the lamb and time spent with dam can detect pain in response to mulesing in Merino lambs but cannot detect any changes associated with pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hancock
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - L Inglis
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - M Laurence
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Veterinary College, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - D Miller
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - A Thompson
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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9
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Hancock S, Ben‐Shachar R, Adusei C, Oyolu CB, Evans EA, Kang HP, Haverty C, Muzzey D. Clinical experience across the fetal-fraction spectrum of a non-invasive prenatal screening approach with low test-failure rate. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:422-430. [PMID: 31671482 PMCID: PMC7496885 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe our clinical experience across the entire range of fetal-fraction (FF) measurements of a non-invasive prenatal screen (NIPS) that uses whole- genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS We analyzed retrospectively results from 58 105 singleton pregnancies that underwent NIPS on a customized WGS platform during an 8-month period and assessed clinical test performance for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. Pregnancy outcomes were sought for all screen-positive patients and for 18% of screen-negative patients. As differences in outcome-collection response rates could artificially impact test-performance calculations, we computed inferred sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values adjusted for ascertainment bias. RESULTS The screening test yielded a result for 99.9% (n = 58 048) of patients, meaning that approximately 1 in 1000 patients received a test failure (i.e. test failure rate = 0.1%). Of pregnancies with a test result, 572 (1%) screened positive for one of the common aneuploidies (362 for trisomy 21, 142 for trisomy 18 and 68 for trisomy 13). Informative outcomes were received for 237 (41.4%) patients with a screen-positive result and 3258 (5.7%) of those with a screen-negative result. In the full cohort, inferred sensitivities for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 were 99.7%, 96.8% and 94.3%, respectively, and PPVs were 93.1%, 85.2% and 48.4%, respectively. If a FF threshold of 4% had been employed to guard against false negatives, calculated sensitivities for the three aneuploidies would not have changed significantly, yet, importantly, the overall test-failure rate would have increased to 6.6% (n = 3829), impacting 1 in 15 women. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical experience demonstrates that a customized WGS-based NIPS without a FF threshold achieves high accuracy while maintaining a low test-failure rate of 0.1%. As such, alternative strategies to ensure high accuracy of detection of common aneuploidies in samples with low FF (such as redraw after test failure, redrawing at a later gestational age, risk scoring based on FF) are not necessary for this screening approach. © 2019 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Hancock
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - R. Ben‐Shachar
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Myriad GeneticsSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - C. Adusei
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - C. B. Oyolu
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - E. A. Evans
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - H. P. Kang
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - C. Haverty
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - D. Muzzey
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Myriad GeneticsSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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10
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Hancock S, Ben‐Shachar R, Haverty C, Muzzey D. Reply. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:472-473. [PMID: 32870590 PMCID: PMC7522669 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Hancock
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - R. Ben‐Shachar
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Myriad GeneticsSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - C. Haverty
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - D. Muzzey
- Myriad Women's HealthSouth San FranciscoCAUSA
- Myriad GeneticsSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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11
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Lockwood A, Trompf J, Kubeil L, Thompson A, Refshauge G, Kearney G, Hancock S. Decreasing the mob size but not stocking rate of ewes at lambing increases the survival of twin lambs born on farms across southern Australia. Anim Prod Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Data collected from producers in south-eastern Australia found that the survival of twin-born lambs decreased by 3.5% for each extra 100 ewes in the mob at lambing. Increasing stocking rate by 1 ewe/ha decreased lamb survival by a further 0.7%. These survey findings suggest that lamb survival could be improved by optimising the allocation of ewes to mobs and paddocks at lambing.
Aim
The present paper reports two experiments. Experiment 1 tested the hypotheses that (1) the survival of twin-born lambs would be greater when ewes lamb in smaller mobs and at lower stocking rates, and (2) the effects of mob size and stocking rate would be greater in Merinos than in non-Merino breeds. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that the survival of twin-born Merino lambs would be greater at lower mob sizes when ewes lambed at stocking rates <4 ewes/ha.
Methods
Experiment 1 investigated a 2 × 2 factorial combination of mob size (high or low) and stocking rate (high or low) on the survival of twin-born Merino and non-Merino lambs at 70 on-farm research sites across southern Australia. Experiment 2 investigated the effect of high or low mob size on the survival of twin-born Merino lambs when ewes lambed at stocking rates of <4 twin ewes/ha at 15 on-farm research sites. In both experiments, adult twin-bearing ewes were randomly allocated into a treatment and lambing paddock on Day 140 from the start of joining at each farm. Lamb survival in each mob was calculated based on lamb losses between pregnancy scanning and lamb marking.
Key results
In both experiments, the effect of mob size on lamb survival was found to be linear, with survival of twin-born lambs decreasing by between 1.9% and 2.5% per additional 100 ewes in the mob at lambing, regardless of breed (P < 0.001). In Experiment 1, there was no effect of stocking rate or mob size by stocking rate on lamb survival.
Conclusions
The present research demonstrated that reducing mob size but not stocking rate will improve the survival of twin-born lambs to marking for extensive enterprises in Australia where ewes lamb at stocking rates of up to 12 ewes/ha.
Implications
These findings will contribute to guidelines for optimising ewe nutrition and resource allocation to improve lamb survival.
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12
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Inglis L, Hancock S, Laurence M, Thompson A. Behavioural measures reflect pain-mitigating effects of meloxicam in combination with Tri-Solfen ® in mulesed Merino lambs. Animal 2019; 13:2586-2593. [PMID: 30935436 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Flystrike costs the Australian industry $173 to 280 M per annum and 70% to 80% of Merino lambs are currently mulesed to reduce the risk of flystrike. To alleviate welfare concerns there has been widespread adoption of analgesics to mitigate the pain associated with mulesing. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of Tri-Solfen® and meloxicam (Metacam® 20) at reducing pain-related behavioural responses to mulesing in Merino lambs. One hundred and forty Merino lambs were allocated to one of seven treatment groups: (1) non-mulesed (Control); (2) mulesed with no pain relief; (3) subcutaneous (s.c.) meloxicam administered 15 min before mulesing; (4) Tri-Solfen® administered at time of mulesing; (5) Tri-Solfen® and saline injection (s.c.) 15 min before mulesing; (6) Tri-Solfen® and meloxicam (s.c.) 15 min before mulesing; and (7) meloxicam (s.c.) at time the of mulesing. Behavioural responses such as standing, walking and lying were measured every 15 min for 6 h on the day of marking and for up to 2 h for 4 days thereafter. Standing (hunched v. normal) and walking (stiff v. normal) behaviours were then categorised into pain- and normal-related behaviours while lying remained in its own category. Mulesed lambs with no pain relief displayed significantly more pain-related behaviours than Control lambs during the 6 h post-mulesing (1.22 v. 0.22 out of a total score of 3; RSD=1.15). Lambs that received a combination of pain relief displayed significantly less pain-related behaviour than mulesed lambs with no pain relief on the day of mulesing (0.85 v. 1.22 out of a total score of 3; RSD=1.15). Administration of meloxicam or Tri-Solfen® on their own had minimal if any significant effect on pain-related behaviours on the day of mulesing. The results of this experiment support the use of pain-related behaviours to measure the efficacy of analgesics and the use of multimodal analgesia during mulesing of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Inglis
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - S Hancock
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - M Laurence
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - A Thompson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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13
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Schmidt AF, Holmes MV, Preiss D, Swerdlow DI, Denaxas S, Fatemifar G, Faraway R, Finan C, Valentine D, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, Hypponen E, Power C, Moldovan M, van Iperen E, Hovingh K, Demuth I, Norman K, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Demuth J, Bertram L, Lill CM, Coassin S, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Willeit K, Mason D, Wright J, Morris R, Wanamethee G, Whincup P, Ben-Shlomo Y, McLachlan S, Price JF, Kivimaki M, Welch C, Sanchez-Galvez A, Marques-Vidal P, Nicolaides A, Panayiotou AG, Onland-Moret NC, van der Schouw YT, Matullo G, Fiorito G, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Scott RA, Luan J, Bobak M, Malyutina S, Pająk A, Kubinova R, Tamosiunas A, Pikhart H, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Jess T, Cooper J, Humphries SE, Brilliant M, Kitchner T, Hakonarson H, Carrell DS, McCarty CA, Lester KH, Larson EB, Crosslin DR, de Andrade M, Roden DM, Denny JC, Carty C, Hancock S, Attia J, Holliday E, Scott R, Schofield P, O'Donnell M, Yusuf S, Chong M, Pare G, van der Harst P, Said MA, Eppinga RN, Verweij N, Snieder H, Christen T, Mook-Kanamori DO, Gustafsson S, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Pazoki R, Franco O, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Dehghan A, Teumer A, Baumeister S, Dörr M, Lerch MM, Völker U, Völzke H, Ward J, Pell JP, Meade T, Christophersen IE, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Baranova EV, Young R, Ford I, Campbell A, Padmanabhan S, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Froguel P, Thuillier D, Roussel R, Bonnefond A, Cariou B, Smart M, Bao Y, Kumari M, Mahajan A, Hopewell JC, Seshadri S, Dale C, Costa RPE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Reiner AP, Ritchie MD, Lange LA, Cornish AJ, Dobbins SE, Hemminki K, Kinnersley B, Sanson M, Labreche K, Simon M, Bondy M, Law P, Speedy H, Allan J, Li N, Went M, Weinhold N, Morgan G, Sonneveld P, Nilsson B, Goldschmidt H, Sud A, Engert A, Hansson M, Hemingway H, Asselbergs FW, Patel RS, Keating BJ, Sattar N, Houlston R, Casas JP, Hingorani AD. Phenome-wide association analysis of LDL-cholesterol lowering genetic variants in PCSK9. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:240. [PMID: 31664920 PMCID: PMC6820948 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterised the phenotypic consequence of genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus and compared findings with recent trials of pharmacological inhibitors of PCSK9. METHODS Published and individual participant level data (300,000+ participants) were combined to construct a weighted PCSK9 gene-centric score (GS). Seventeen randomized placebo controlled PCSK9 inhibitor trials were included, providing data on 79,578 participants. Results were scaled to a one mmol/L lower LDL-C concentration. RESULTS The PCSK9 GS (comprising 4 SNPs) associations with plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels were consistent in direction with treatment effects. The GS odds ratio (OR) for myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.53 (95% CI 0.42; 0.68), compared to a PCSK9 inhibitor effect of 0.90 (95% CI 0.86; 0.93). For ischemic stroke ORs were 0.84 (95% CI 0.57; 1.22) for the GS, compared to 0.85 (95% CI 0.78; 0.93) in the drug trials. ORs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were 1.29 (95% CI 1.11; 1.50) for the GS, as compared to 1.00 (95% CI 0.96; 1.04) for incident T2DM in PCSK9 inhibitor trials. No genetic associations were observed for cancer, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or Alzheimer's disease - outcomes for which large-scale trial data were unavailable. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation at the PCSK9 locus recapitulates the effects of therapeutic inhibition of PCSK9 on major blood lipid fractions and MI. While indicating an increased risk of T2DM, no other possible safety concerns were shown; although precision was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amand F Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK.
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK.
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Preiss
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel I Swerdlow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Ghazaleh Fatemifar
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Rupert Faraway
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
| | - Dennis Valentine
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- University College London, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK
| | - Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | | | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elina Hypponen
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Max Moldovan
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Erik van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics And Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Hovingh
- Department of vascular medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Geriatrics Research Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition (LCBC), Dept. Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Lübeck, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- Department Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Goya Wanamethee
- Department Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Welch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie G Panayiotou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jackie Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Murray Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, USA
| | - Terrie Kitchner
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, USA
| | | | - David S Carrell
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Crosslin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Public Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Public Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney Scott
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Schofield
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics And Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oscar Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Tom Meade
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ingrid E Christophersen
- The Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Gjettum, Norway
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robin Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM, U-1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Départment de Diabétologie, Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicha, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Melissa Smart
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Meena Kumari
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | | | - Caroline Dale
- University College London, Farr Institute of Health Informatics, London, UK
| | | | - Paul M Ridker
- Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sara E Dobbins
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Kari Hemminki
- Div. Molecular Genetic Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Kinnersley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Marc Sanson
- The Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Karim Labreche
- The Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Matthias Simon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bethel Clinic, Kantensiek 11, 33617, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Philip Law
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Helen Speedy
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Allan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ni Li
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Molly Went
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Niels Weinhold
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Gareth Morgan
- Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Pieter Sonneveld
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Björn Nilsson
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC B13, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- University Clinic Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit Sud
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Andreas Engert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Hansson
- Hematology Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harry Hemingway
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
- The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 222 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DA, UK
- UCL's BHF Research Accelerator Centre, London, UK
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14
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Hussain T, Braithwaite I, Hancock S. Errors and inaccuracies in internet medical calculator applications: an example using oxygenation index. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:716-717. [PMID: 30509952 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tallal Hussain
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (L47), Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian Braithwaite
- Embrace Yorkshire and Humber Infant and Children's Transport Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Embrace Yorkshire and Humber Infant and Children's Transport Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Hancock S, Zhang F, Adeola O. Regression method-derived energy value of dried egg albumen for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1677-1680. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Biswas M, Dias TH, Holliday E, Hancock S, Attia J, Scott R, Newby D, Kerr KP, Milward L. Preliminary Studies of the Prevalence and Possible Clinical Consequences of Potential Simple and Multifactorial Drug and Gene Interactions of Anti-depressants in Older Australians. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Dias T, Biswas M, Daneshi N, Holliday E, Hancock S, Kerr K, Munro I, Attia J, Scott R, Milward L. Potential Clinically Significant Drug and Gene Interactions Involving Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6 (CYP2D6) Relevant to Opioids Used for Chronic Pain in Community-dwelling Older Australians. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Daneshi N, Holliday E, Hancock S, Schneider JJ, Scott RJ, Attia J, Milward EA. Prevalence of clinically actionable genotypes and medication exposure of older adults in the community. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2017; 10:17-27. [PMID: 28203101 PMCID: PMC5293498 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s123719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed clinically actionable pharmacogenotypes for clopidogrel, warfarin, statins, thiopurines, and tacrolimus using microarray data for 2121 participants (55–85 years) from the Australian Hunter Community Study (HCS). At least 74% of participants (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72%–76%) had strong level evidence for at least one medium- or high-risk actionable genotype that would trigger a change in standard therapy under current international recommendations. About 14% of these participants (95% CI: 12%–16%) were taking medication potentially affected by the genotype in question. Furthermore, ~2.6% of all participants with medication data (95% CI: 1.4%–3.8%) had a high-risk clinically actionable genotype for a medication to which they were exposed. This represents a considerable number of people at the population level. Although relationships between genotype and health outcomes remain contentious, pharmacogenotyping of multiple variants simultaneously may have considerable potential to improve medication safety and efficacy for older people in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar Daneshi
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan
| | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Jennifer J Schneider
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan; Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Clinical Research Design, IT and Statistical Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute; Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle
| | - Elizabeth A Milward
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; Faculty of Health and Medicine, Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery and Information-Based Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan
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19
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Schmidt AF, Swerdlow DI, Holmes MV, Patel RS, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Lyall DM, Hartwig FP, Horta BL, Hyppönen E, Power C, Moldovan M, van Iperen E, Hovingh GK, Demuth I, Norman K, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Demuth J, Bertram L, Liu T, Coassin S, Willeit J, Kiechl S, Willeit K, Mason D, Wright J, Morris R, Wanamethee G, Whincup P, Ben-Shlomo Y, McLachlan S, Price JF, Kivimaki M, Welch C, Sanchez-Galvez A, Marques-Vidal P, Nicolaides A, Panayiotou AG, Onland-Moret NC, van der Schouw YT, Matullo G, Fiorito G, Guarrera S, Sacerdote C, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Scott R, Luan J, Bobak M, Malyutina S, Pająk A, Kubinova R, Tamosiunas A, Pikhart H, Husemoen LLN, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Linneberg A, Simonsen KS, Cooper J, Humphries SE, Brilliant M, Kitchner T, Hakonarson H, Carrell DS, McCarty CA, Kirchner HL, Larson EB, Crosslin DR, de Andrade M, Roden DM, Denny JC, Carty C, Hancock S, Attia J, Holliday E, O'Donnell M, Yusuf S, Chong M, Pare G, van der Harst P, Said MA, Eppinga RN, Verweij N, Snieder H, Christen T, Mook-Kanamori DO, Gustafsson S, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Pazoki R, Franco O, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, Dehghan A, Teumer A, Baumeister S, Dörr M, Lerch MM, Völker U, Völzke H, Ward J, Pell JP, Smith DJ, Meade T, Maitland-van der Zee AH, Baranova EV, Young R, Ford I, Campbell A, Padmanabhan S, Bots ML, Grobbee DE, Froguel P, Thuillier D, Balkau B, Bonnefond A, Cariou B, Smart M, Bao Y, Kumari M, Mahajan A, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Reiner AP, Lange LA, Ritchie MD, Asselbergs FW, Casas JP, Keating BJ, Preiss D, Hingorani AD, Sattar N. PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:97-105. [PMID: 27908689 PMCID: PMC5266795 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol-lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk. METHODS In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores. FINDINGS Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA1c (0·03%, -0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, -0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m2, -0·09 to 0·30). INTERPRETATION PCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins. FUNDING British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amand F Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK.
| | - Daniel I Swerdlow
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Riyaz S Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK; The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Centre for Population Health Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Max Moldovan
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute-EMBL Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Erik van Iperen
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Bertram
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology Innsbruck, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Richard Morris
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Goya Wanamethee
- Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, UK
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stela McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jackie F Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Catherine Welch
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Surgery, Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie G Panayiotou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - N Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Guarrera
- Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy; Centre for Oncology Prevention, CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark; Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jackie Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, University College London, UK
| | | | - Murray Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Terrie Kitchner
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cara Carty
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruben N Eppinga
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tim Christen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Faculty of Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joey Ward
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tom Meade
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anke H Maitland-van der Zee
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina V Baranova
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Thuillier
- CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), INSERM U1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- I'institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Melissa Smart
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Yanchun Bao
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK; Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Juan-Pablo Casas
- Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Preiss
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Sarwar G, Bisquera A, Peel R, Hancock S, Grainge C, Attia J. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density measured by quantitative ultrasonography in an older population. Clin Respir J 2016; 12:659-665. [PMID: 27805313 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids leads to reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis, in turn increasing the risk of minimal trauma fractures with their associated morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. However, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density has been debated in the medical literature. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density measured using calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography in a cohort of older Australians. METHODS Data was collected from the Hunter Community Study, a longitudinal cohort of Australians aged 55-85. Simple and multiple linear regression methods were used to test the cross-sectional association between inhaled corticosteroids and calcaneal bone mineral density measured with quantitative ultrasound at baseline. A causal diagram was used to determine the minimally sufficient number of co-variates necessary to determine the unconfounded effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density; these included gender, body mass index, smoking, asthma, alcohol use, age, physical activity, and diet. RESULTS There were 152 (6.8%) patients on inhaled corticosteroids and 2098 (93%) controls. Simple and multiple linear regression methods showed a non-significant effect of inhaled steroids on BMD with slight decrease of BMD -0.010 g/cm2 (95% CI -0.042 to 0.022, P = .55) and -0.013 g/cm2 (95% CI -0.062 to 0.036, P = .61) respectively. Age, gender, body mass index, and smoking were stronger predictors of BMD. CONCLUSIONS No statistically significant relationship was detected between the use of inhaled corticosteroids and reduced bone mineral density in this observational study of a cohort of older Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Sarwar
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Alessandra Bisquera
- Hunter Research Medical Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Research Medical Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Stephen Hancock
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Research Medical Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Christopher Grainge
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Research Medical Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - John Attia
- John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Research Medical Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
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Zhu N, Najafi M, Hancock S, Hristov D. SU-C-207B-07: Deep Convolutional Neural Network Image Matching for Ultrasound Guidance in Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Najafi M, El Kaffas A, Han B, Cooper D, Hancock S, Hristov D. TU-H-CAMPUS-IeP3-04: Evaluation of Changes in Quantitative Ultrasound Parameters During Prostate Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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24
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Hancock S, Clements C, Hyer D, Nixon E, Martin E, Wang B, Jani S, Gossman M. SU-G-TeP2-04: Comprehensive Machine Isocenter Evaluation with Separation of Gantry, Collimator, and Table Variables. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Najafi M, Han B, Cooper D, Hancock S, Hristov D. SU-G-JeP1-09: Evaluation of Transperineal Ultrasound Imaging as a Potential Solution for Target Tracking During Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Anderson K, Griffiths D, DeBell L, Hancock S, Duffy JP, Shutler JD, Reinhardt WJ, Griffiths A. A Grassroots Remote Sensing Toolkit Using Live Coding, Smartphones, Kites and Lightweight Drones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151564. [PMID: 27144310 PMCID: PMC4856374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript describes the development of an android-based smartphone application for capturing aerial photographs and spatial metadata automatically, for use in grassroots mapping applications. The aim of the project was to exploit the plethora of on-board sensors within modern smartphones (accelerometer, GPS, compass, camera) to generate ready-to-use spatial data from lightweight aerial platforms such as drones or kites. A visual coding ‘scheme blocks’ framework was used to build the application (‘app’), so that users could customise their own data capture tools in the field. The paper reports on the coding framework, then shows the results of test flights from kites and lightweight drones and finally shows how open-source geospatial toolkits were used to generate geographical information system (GIS)-ready GeoTIFF images from the metadata stored by the app. Two Android smartphones were used in testing–a high specification OnePlus One handset and a lower cost Acer Liquid Z3 handset, to test the operational limits of the app on phones with different sensor sets. We demonstrate that best results were obtained when the phone was attached to a stable single line kite or to a gliding drone. Results show that engine or motor vibrations from powered aircraft required dampening to ensure capture of high quality images. We demonstrate how the products generated from the open-source processing workflow are easily used in GIS. The app can be downloaded freely from the Google store by searching for ‘UAV toolkit’ (UAV toolkit 2016), and used wherever an Android smartphone and aerial platform are available to deliver rapid spatial data (e.g. in supporting decision-making in humanitarian disaster-relief zones, in teaching or for grassroots remote sensing and democratic mapping).
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - D. Griffiths
- FoAM Kernow, Jubilee Warehouse, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - L. DeBell
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - S. Hancock
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Duffy
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - J. D. Shutler
- Centre for Geography, Environment and Society, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - W. J. Reinhardt
- Centre for Geography, Environment and Society, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - A. Griffiths
- FoAM Kernow, Jubilee Warehouse, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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Hancock S, Mitchell S. Recanalization of a post transplant hepaticojejunostomy stricture in a 13 month old child with an RF wire—success after all other measures failed. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Biguri A, Dosanjh M, Hancock S, Soleimani M. GPU based iterative CBCT for prospective motion compensated algorithm for radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)30023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lockwood A, Currie A, Hancock S, Broomfield S, Liu S, Scanlan V, Kearney GA, Thompson AN. Supplementation of Merino ewes with cholecalciferol in late pregnancy improves the vitamin D status of ewes and lambs at birth but is not correlated with an improvement in immune function in lambs. Anim Prod Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/an15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Functional deficiencies of the immune system are known to predispose human and animal neonates to death. Thus, immune competency may be a significant factor influencing the mortality of lambs. Vitamin D has been recognised to improve immune function and is transferred across the placenta. This study tested the hypotheses that (1) supplementation of Merino ewes with cholecalciferol during late pregnancy will increase the concentrations of vitamin D in the ewe and lamb at birth and (2) supplementation of Merino ewes with cholecalciferol during late pregnancy is correlated with an increase in innate phagocytic and adaptive antibody immune responses in the lamb. Merino ewes (n = 53) were injected intramuscularly with 1 × 106 IU cholecalciferol at Days 113 and 141 of pregnancy. A control group (n = 58) consisted of ewes receiving no additional nutritional treatments. The vitamin D status of ewes and lambs was assessed up until 1 month post-lambing. Lamb immune function was assessed by analysing the functional capacity of phagocytes, and the plasma IgG and anti-tetanus-toxoid antibody concentrations between birth and weaning. Maternal supplementation with cholecalciferol increased the plasma 25(OH)D concentrations of both ewes (137 vs 79 nmol/L; P < 0.001) and lambs (49 vs 24 nmol/L; P < 0.001) at birth compared with the controls. Supplementation with cholecalciferol had no significant effect on the phagocytic capacity of monocytes or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the concentration of IgG in the colostrum or plasma of lambs, or the vaccine-specific antibody response against tetanus toxoid. Overall, the results support our first hypothesis, but suggest that maternal supplementation with 1 × 106 IU cholecalciferol does not improve innate, passive or adaptive immune function in lambs.
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Johansen J, Vibat C, Hancock S, Chen I, Samuelsz E, Collisson E, Jensen B, Melnikova V, Erlander M. 2401 Dynamics of KRAS G12/13 allele burden in circulating tumor DNA predicts survival in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Husain H, Melnikova V, Kosco K, Hancock S, Samuelsz E, Woodward B, Guerrero S, Vibat C, Erlander M, Cohen E, Lippman S, Kurzrock R. 3136 Kinetic monitoring of EGFR and KRAS mutations in urinary circulating tumor DNA predicts radiographic progression and response in patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Poole J, Vibat C, Benesova L, Belsanova B, Hancock S, Lu T, Erlander M, Minarik M. 149 Quantitative mutational assessment of circulating tumor DNA using massively parallel deep sequencing in plasma and urine from advanced colorectal cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bush K, Holcombe C, Kapp D, Buyyounouski M, Hancock S, Xing L, Atwood T, King M. Poster - Thur Eve - 75: Patient-specific Dose Escalation Using Patient-Matching Machine Learning. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4894936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bush K, Holcombe C, Kapp D, Buyyounouski M, Hancock S, Xing L, Atwood T, King M. SU-E-T-622: Identification and Improvement of Patients Eligible for Dose Escalation with Matched Plans. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hancock S, Whitaker M. SU-E-T-33: An EPID-Based Method for Testing Absolute Leaf Position for MLC Without Backup Jaws. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Holliday EG, Attia J, Hancock S, Koloski N, McEvoy M, Peel R, D'Amato M, Agréus L, Nyhlin H, Andreasson A, Almazar AE, Saito YA, Scott RJ, Talley NJ. Genome-wide association study identifies two novel genomic regions in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:770-2. [PMID: 24797007 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2014.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Holliday
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Koloski
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mauro D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agréus
- Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry Nyhlin
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- 1] Centre for Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann E Almazar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuri A Saito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Vashum KP, McEvoy M, Milton AH, Islam MR, Hancock S, Attia J. Is serum zinc associated with pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in pre-diabetic and normal individuals? Findings from the Hunter Community Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83944. [PMID: 24416185 PMCID: PMC3885544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To determine if there is a difference in serum zinc concentration between normoglycaemic, pre-diabetic and type-2 diabetic groups and if this is associated with pancreatic beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in the former 2 groups. Method Cross sectional study of a random sample of older community-dwelling men and women in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. Beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance were calculated for normoglycaemic and prediabetes participants using the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-2) calculator. Result A total of 452 participants were recruited for this study. Approximately 33% (N = 149) had diabetes, 33% (N = 151) had prediabetes and 34% (N = 152) were normoglycaemic. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) parameters were found to be significantly different between normoglycaemic and prediabetes groups (p<0.001). In adjusted linear regression, higher serum zinc concentration was associated with increased insulin sensitivity (p = 0.01) in the prediabetic group. There was also a significant association between smoking and worse insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Higher serum zinc concentration is associated with increased insulin sensitivity. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if low serum zinc concentration plays a role in progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanrin P. Vashum
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark McEvoy
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Md. Rafiqul Islam
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Hancock
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Attia
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Hancock S, Nyflot M, Ford E. SU-E-T-132: Achieving Sub-Millimeter Accuracy in Radiation Therapy with a Self-Leveling Surveyor Laser. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hancock S, Brown D. MO-B-116-01: Strategies for Total Quality. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hancock S, Whitaker M. SU-E-T-129: An EPID-Based Method for Testing Accuracy of MLC and Backup Jaws. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chuang S, Howley PP, Hancock S. Using clinical indicators to facilitate quality improvement via the accreditation process: an adaptive study into the control relationship. Int J Qual Health Care 2013; 25:277-83. [PMID: 23587600 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzt023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine accreditation surveyors' and hospitals' use and perceived usefulness of clinical indicator reports and the potential to establish the control relationship between the accreditation and reporting systems. The control relationship refers to instructional directives, arising from appropriately designed methods and efforts towards using clinical indicators, which provide a directed moderating, balancing and best outcome for the connected systems. DESIGN Web-based questionnaire survey. SETTING Australian Council on Healthcare Standards' (ACHS) accreditation and clinical indicator programmes. RESULTS Seventy-three of 306 surveyors responded. Half used the reports always/most of the time. Five key messages were revealed: (i) report use was related to availability before on-site investigation; (ii) report use was associated with the use of non-ACHS reports; (iii) a clinical indicator set's perceived usefulness was associated with its reporting volume across hospitals; (iv) simpler measures and visual summaries in reports were rated the most useful; (v) reports were deemed to be suitable for the quality and safety objectives of the key groups of interested parties (hospitals' senior executive and management officers, clinicians, quality managers and surveyors). CONCLUSIONS Implementing the control relationship between the reporting and accreditation systems is a promising expectation. Redesigning processes to ensure reports are available in pre-survey packages and refined education of surveyors and hospitals on how to better utilize the reports will support the relationship. Additional studies on the systems' theory-based model of the accreditation and reporting system are warranted to establish the control relationship, building integrated system-wide relationships with sustainable and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheuwen Chuang
- The School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences\Statistics, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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McGettigan P, Lincz LF, Attia J, McElduff P, Bissett L, Peel R, Stokes B, Hancock S, Henderson K, Seldon M, Henry D. The risk of coronary thrombosis with cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors does not vary with polymorphisms in two regions of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 72:707-14. [PMID: 21371074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether polymorphisms of the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene modify the adverse cardiovascular effects of COX-2 inhibitors. METHODS A case control study was conducted in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. Cases (n= 460) were hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Controls (n= 640) were recruited from the electoral rolls. Structured interviews gathered information on variables including recent ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Targeted genotyping of rs 20417(G > C) and rs5275 (T > C) polymorphisms was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele-specific probes. RESULTS Ingestion of any NSAID in the week prior to interview was associated with an elevated risk for ACS: adjusted odds ratio 1.8 (1.2, 2.5). The rs 20417 and rs 5275 polymorphisms were not singly associated with risk for ACS: adjusted odds ratios 1.1 (0.80, 1.5) and 1.2 (0.88, 1.5), respectively. Individually, the polymorphisms did not modify the risk of ACS with the drugs. When analyses were conducted by haplotype, the adjusted odds ratio with celecoxib or rofecoxib in individuals who had one or two copies of the 'low risk' haplotype (no GT) was 1.2 (0.29, 5.0), compared with 2.1 (1.1, 4.0) with the 'high risk' haplotype (one or two copies of GT). CONCLUSIONS We found little evidence of a gene/drug interaction. We found a statistically non-significant trend toward a lower risk of coronary events with NSAIDs in the presence of the 'low risk' haplotype. Even if confirmed, the clinical utility of the finding would be limited as this haplotype is carried by a minority of the population.
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Abelson JA, Murphy JD, Loo BW, Chang DT, Daly ME, Wiegner EA, Hancock S, Chang SD, Le QT, Soltys SG, Gibbs IC. Esophageal tolerance to high-dose stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. Dis Esophagus 2011; 25:623-9. [PMID: 22168251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2011.01295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dose-volume parameters are needed to guide the safe administration of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). We report on esophageal tolerance to high-dose hypofractionated radiation in patients treated with SABR. Thirty-one patients with spine or lung tumors received single- or multiple-fraction SABR to targets less than 1 cm from the esophagus. End points evaluated include D(5cc) (minimum dose in Gy to 5 cm(3) of the esophagus receiving the highest dose), D(2cc) , D(1cc) , and D(max) (maximum dose to 0.01 cm(3) ). Multiple-fraction treatments were correlated using the linear quadratic and linear quadratic-linear/universal survival models. Three esophageal toxicity events occurred, including esophagitis (grade 2), tracheoesophageal fistula (grade 4-5), and esophageal perforation (grade 4-5). Chemotherapy was a cofactor in the high-grade events. The median time to development of esophageal toxicity was 4.1 months (range 0.6-6.1 months). Two of the three events occurred below a published D(5cc) threshold, all three were below a D(2cc) threshold, and one was below a D(max) threshold. We report a dosimetric analysis of incidental dose to the esophagus from SABR. High-dose hypofractionated radiotherapy led to a number of high-grade esophageal adverse events, suggesting that conservative parameters to protect the esophagus are necessary when SABR is used, especially in the setting of chemotherapy or prior radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Abelson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5847, USA.
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Behar-Horenstein L, Garvan CW, Bowman B, Bulosan M, Hancock S, Johnson M, Mutlu B. Cognitive and Learning Styles as Predictors of Success on the National Board Dental Examination. J Dent Educ 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.0022-0337.2011.75.4.tb05077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.S. Behar-Horenstein
- School of Human Development and Organization Studies; College of Education and Affiliate Professor; Department of Behavioral Science and Community Dentistry; College of Dentistry, University of Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | - B. Mutlu
- College of Business; University of Florida
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Behar-Horenstein LS, Garvan CW, Bowman BJ, Bulosan M, Hancock S, Johnson M, Mutlu B. Cognitive and learning styles as predictors of success on the National Board Dental Examination. J Dent Educ 2011; 75:534-543. [PMID: 21460274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a deidentified retrospective dataset of three cohorts of matriculated dental students, we measured the degree to which selected student attributes, the Learning Type Measure, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, and Dental Admission Test subtests scores predicted passage on the National Board Dental Examination (NBDE), Parts I and II. Gender, Myers-Briggs Type Indicators, and the Dental Admission Test subtests for academic average and biology were found to be predictive of passing the NBDE Part I. Gender, a Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (thinking over feeling), and the Dental Admission Test subtests on reading and biology were found to be predictive of passing the NBDE Part II. The Learning Type Measure was not found to be predictive of passing the NBDE Part I or Part II. This study holds implications for heightening faculty members' awareness of students' aptitude and cognitive attributes, for teaching, and for the admissions process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Behar-Horenstein
- School of Human Development and Organization Studies, College of Education, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117049, Gainesville, FL 32611-7049, USA.
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Winskill R, Keatinge D, Hancock S. Influences on parents' decisions when determining whether their child is sick and what they do about it: A pilot study. Int J Nurs Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2011.01917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horst K, Hancock S, Advani R, Horning S, Rosenberg S, Hoppe R. Analysis of Breast Cancer Subtypes in Women who Develop Breast Cancer following Mantle Irradiation for Hodgkin's Disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hernandez-Gomez C, Blake SP, Chekhlov O, Clarke RJ, Dunne AM, Galimberti M, Hancock S, Heathcote R, Holligan P, Lyachev A, Matousek P, Musgrave IO, Neely D, Norreys PA, Ross I, Tang Y, Winstone TB, Wyborn BE, Collier J. The Vulcan 10 PW project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Peirce J, McGovern D, Hancock S. Does plaid-selective adaptation arise from the same mechanism as the curvature aftereffect? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/9.8.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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