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Gaffar NA, Zahid M, Asghar A, Shafiq MF, Jelani S, Rehan F. Biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles: A new era in cancer therapy. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300712. [PMID: 38653735 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a global health crisis, claiming countless lives throughout the years. Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often bring about severe side effects, underscoring the pressing need for innovative, more efficient, and less toxic therapies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising technology capable of producing environmentally friendly anticancer nanoparticles. Among various nanoparticle types, metal-based nanoparticles stand out due to their exceptional performance and ease of use in methods of imaging. The widespread accessibility of biological precursors for synthesis based on plants of metal nanoparticles has made large-scale, eco-friendly production feasible. This evaluation provides a summary of the green strategy for synthesizing metal-based nanoparticles and explores their applications. Moreover, this review delves into the potential of phyto-based metal nanoparticles in combating cancer, shedding light on their probable mechanisms of action. These insights are invaluable for enhancing both biomedical and environmental applications. The study also touches on the numerous potential applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. Consequently, this research offers a concise and well-structured summary of nanotechnology, which should prove beneficial to researchers, engineers, and scientists embarking on future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Abdul Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mavia Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Akleem Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Seemal Jelani
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Rehan
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Ahmed HA, El-Darier SM. Phytochemistry, allelopathy and anticancer potentiality of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae). BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e263815. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Withania somnifera is a wild plant that shows great activity and safety against several human diseases. The current research explored the plant's chemical composition and allelopathic effects on Rumex dentatus (recipient plant). Moreover, anticancer activity is also tested against four types of human cancer cell lines. Chemical analysis of W. somnifera showed a high percentage of saponins and tannins, while glycosides, alkaloids, and flavonoids occurred in the second order. Results of the allelopathic experiments revealed significant inhibition of the R. dentatus plumule and radicle lengths as well as their relative dry weights. In addition, significant reductions in some primary metabolites of R. dentatus, like non-reducing and total sugar as well as soluble proteins, were determined. Cytotoxic potentiality of W. somnifera was also proved against four different cancer lines, namely; human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549), human breast cancer cell line (MCF7), and colon cancer cell line (CaCo2) with IC50 value of about 38, 19, 27, and 24 ��g/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Ahmed
- King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia; Alexandria University, Egypt
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Girmaw F, Engidawork E. In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of the Aqueous Root Extract of Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae) against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2640648. [PMID: 35942371 PMCID: PMC9356780 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2640648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Drug resistance is a universal challenge to malaria control measures. As a result, the development and discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents from medicinal plants having anti-malarial traditional claims are very important. This work, therefore, attempted to evaluate the anti-malarial activity of the aqueous root extract of E. divinorum using a rodent model of malaria. Methods The roots of E. divinorum were extracted by hot decoction using distilled water. Anti-malarial activity of various doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg) of the root aqueous extract was evaluated using the 4-day suppressive test as well as curative and repository tests. Parasitemia, rectal temperature, body weight, PCV, and MST were also determined. Results The finding showed that there were a dose-related significant parasitemia chemo-suppression and increment in survival time as compared to the negative control (p < 0.001) in all tests. The chemo-suppression effect was higher at 400 mg/kg extract-treated groups in the 4-day suppressive test followed by the curative test. The lowest chemo-prophylaxis effect was observed in 100 mg/kg extract-treated groups in the repository test. Regarding the other parameters, the extract prevented weight loss, temperature drop, and hemolysis in all models but not in a consistent manner. Conclusion The current study showed that the aqueous root extract of E. divinorum possessed a varying degree of anti-malarial activity in all three tests, with greater parasitemia suppression observed in the 4-day suppressive test. The extract produced higher parasitemia chemo-suppression and longer survival time in early infections followed by established and then residual infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Girmaw
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Waswa EN, Muema FW, Odago WO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Mkala EM, Amenu SG, Ding SX, Li J, Hu GW. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Blechnum—A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:905. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/ph15070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blechnum L. is a genus belonging to the Blechnaceae family with 236 accepted species that grow in intertropical, subtropical, and southern temperate regions. Several species of the genus have long been used in folk medicines to treat a broad spectrum of ailments, including typhoid, urinary infections, influenza, wounds, pulmonary complaints, blisters, boils, and antihelmintic-related complications. So far, about 91 chemical compounds have been isolated from different parts of 20 Blechnum species. Among these metabolites, phenolic compounds, sterols, and fatty acids are the main constituents. Modern pharmacological investigations revealed several isolated compounds and extracts to exhibit exceptional biological properties including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, antitrematocidal and wound healing. In various tests, both quercetin-7′,3′,4′-trimethoxy and phytol metabolites showed potential antioxidant and antitrematocidal properties, while ponasterone exhibited insecticidal activity. Despite having a broad range of traditional medicinal benefits and biological properties, understanding the scientific connotations based on the available data is still challenging. This article presents a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological aspects of the Blechnum species.
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Waswa EN, Muema FW, Odago WO, Mutinda ES, Nanjala C, Mkala EM, Amenu SG, Ding SX, Li J, Hu GW. Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of the Genus Blechnum—A Narrative Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070905. [PMID: 35890203 PMCID: PMC9323518 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Blechnum L. is a genus belonging to the Blechnaceae family with 236 accepted species that grow in intertropical, subtropical, and southern temperate regions. Several species of the genus have long been used in folk medicines to treat a broad spectrum of ailments, including typhoid, urinary infections, influenza, wounds, pulmonary complaints, blisters, boils, and antihelmintic-related complications. So far, about 91 chemical compounds have been isolated from different parts of 20 Blechnum species. Among these metabolites, phenolic compounds, sterols, and fatty acids are the main constituents. Modern pharmacological investigations revealed several isolated compounds and extracts to exhibit exceptional biological properties including the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, antitrematocidal and wound healing. In various tests, both quercetin-7′,3′,4′-trimethoxy and phytol metabolites showed potential antioxidant and antitrematocidal properties, while ponasterone exhibited insecticidal activity. Despite having a broad range of traditional medicinal benefits and biological properties, understanding the scientific connotations based on the available data is still challenging. This article presents a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological aspects of the Blechnum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Felix Wambua Muema
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sarah Getachew Amenu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Xiong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (E.N.W.); (F.W.M.); (W.O.O.); (E.S.M.); (C.N.); (E.M.M.); (S.G.A.); (S.-X.D.); (J.L.)
- Center of Conservation Biology, Department of Botany, Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Enhanced Anticancer Activity of Hymenocardia acida Stem Bark Extract Loaded into PLGA Nanoparticles. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050535. [PMID: 35631361 PMCID: PMC9147688 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hymenocardia acida (H. acida) is an African well-known shrub recognized for numerous medicinal properties, including its cancer management potential. The advent of nanotechnology in delivering bioactive medicinal plant extract with poor solubility has improved the drug delivery system, for a better therapeutic value of several drugs from natural origins. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties of H. acida using human lung (H460), breast (MCF-7), and colon (HCT 116) cancer cell lines as well as the production, characterization, and cytotoxicity study of H. acida loaded into PLGA nanoparticles. Benchtop models of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Raniceps ranninus were used for preliminary toxicity evaluation. Notable cytotoxic activity in benchtop models and human cancer cell lines was observed for H. acida crude extract. The PLGA nanoparticles loading H. acida had a size of about 200 nm and an association efficiency of above 60%, making them suitable to be delivered by different routes. The outcomes from this research showed that H. acida has anticancer activity as claimed from an ethnomedical point of view; however, a loss in activity was noted upon encapsulation, due to the sustained release of the drug.
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OMARA T, SADİA BO, MBABAZİ I, OKWİR A. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology, and Toxicity of Euclea divinorum Hern (Ebenaceae): A Review. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.1001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Attri S, Kaur P, Singh D, Kaur H, Rashid F, Kumar A, Singh B, Bedi N, Arora S. Induction of apoptosis in A431 cells via ROS generation and p53-mediated pathway by chloroform fraction of Argemone mexicana (Pepaveraceae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17189-17208. [PMID: 34664164 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana(Pepaveraceae) is an important medicinal plant commonly known as 'maxican prickly poppy' and is traditionally used to treat skin diseases. In the present study, the extract/fractions of aerial parts of A. mexicana after carrying out the organoleptic characteristics were sequentially extracted with the solvents of increasing polarities. Total fractions were examined for their radical scavenging activities in DPPH and DNA nicking assays. Among all, maximum antioxidant activity was shown by chloroform fraction (AmC) in DPPH assay with IC50 of 26.12 μg/ml, and DNA nicking assay showed 80.91% protective potential. The AmC fraction was analyzed for its antibacterial, cytotoxic potential, cell cycle analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using A431 cell line. The AmC fraction exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against bacterial strains in the order Klebsiella pneumoniae> Bacillussubtilis> Salmonella typhi> Staphylococcus epidermidis. The cytotoxic potential of the AmC fraction was analyzed in skin epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells, osteosarcoma (MG-63) and cervical (HeLa) cell lines with a GI50 value of 47.04 μg/ml, 91.46 μg/ml and 102.90 μg/ml, respectively. The AmC fraction was extended further to explore its role in cell death using A431 cell line. Phase contrast and scanning electron microscopic studies on A431 cells exhibited all the characteristics indicative of apoptosis, viz., viability loss, cell shrinkage, cell rounding-off, DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Flow cytometric analysis revealed enhanced ROS level, decreased MMP and arrest cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase further strengthened cell death by apoptosis. Increased expressions of apoptotic markers (p53, PUMA, cyt c, Fas and Apaf-1) were confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, the AmC fraction was subjected to ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of different polyphenols in the order: caffeic acid> epicatechin> kaempferol> chlorogenic acid> gallic acid> catechin> ellagic acid >umbeliferone> quercetin> coumaric acid. A critical analysis of results revealed that the AmC fraction induced cell death in epidermoid carcinoma cells via ROS and p53-mediated apoptotic pathway which may be ascribed to the presence of polyphenols in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Neena Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, 143005, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Yousefbeyk F, Hemmati G, Gholipour Z, Ghasemi S, Evazalipour M, Schubert C, Koohi DE, Böhm V. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of golden chamomile ( Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip). Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:331-342. [PMID: 35231163 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Schultz Bip. (Asteraceae), known as golden chamomile, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of total extract and different fractions of this plant were determined. The antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities were also evaluated. Moreover, the phenolic profiles of selected fractions were determined by HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis. Results demonstrated total phenolic contents of 37.8-57.2 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid contents of 3.0-111.2 mg QE/g. The ethyl acetate and methanol fractions (EF and MF) had the highest concentrations of phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid compounds. In both DPPH radical scavenging assay and phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, EF showed the best antioxidant activity, followed by MF. EF and MF indicated also the best antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis (MIC 1.56 and 12.5 mg ml-1) and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.78 and 12.5 mg ml-1). Hexane fraction (HF) had no antibacterial effect. None of the samples had antifungal effect. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay revealed for EF and HF the highest antiproliferative activities (IC50 values ranged from 111.8 to 294.6 μg ml-1). The presence of chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in MF, and p-coumaric acid in EF was confirmed and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yousefbeyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ziba Gholipour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghasemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehdi Evazalipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Clara Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Diba E Koohi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Mothana RA, Arbab AH, ElGamal AA, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS. Isolation and Characterization of Two Chalcone Derivatives with Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity from the Endemic Socotraen Dracaena cinnabari (Dragon’s Blood Tree). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030952. [PMID: 35164217 PMCID: PMC8838591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent and continues to be a global health concern. In this study, we determined the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of the Socotra-endemic medicinal plant Dracaena cinnabari and isolated and characterized the responsible constituents. A bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic techniques of the methanolic extract of D. cinnabari led to the isolation of two chalcone derivatives. Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, these derivatives were identified as 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (compound 1) and 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyhydrochalcone (compound 2). Both compounds were isolated for the first time from the red resin (dragon’s blood) of D. cinnabari. The compounds were first evaluated for cytotoxicity on HepG2.2.15 cells and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values were determined. They were then evaluated for anti-HBV activity against HepG2.2.15 cells by assessing the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg production in the culture supernatants and their half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) and therapeutic index (TI) values were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 indicated inhibition of HBsAg production in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.56 and 6.36 μg/mL, respectively.
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Khafaga AF, El-Kazaz SE, Noreldin AE. Boswellia serrata suppress fipronil-induced neuronal necrosis and neurobehavioral alterations via promoted inhibition of oxidative/inflammatory/apoptotic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147384. [PMID: 33933775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic terpenoid derived from the gum-resin of Boswellia serrate. It is known for its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It has improved spatial learning and provides neuroprotection against trimethyltin-induced memory impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective activity of B. serrata extract (BSE) containing BA against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in Wister male albino rats. Sixty male rats were allocated equally into six groups. The first group served as control; the second and third groups received BSE at two different oral doses (250 or 500 mg/kg body weight [BW], respectively). The fourth group was orally intoxicated with FPN (20 mg/kg BW), whereas the fifth and sixth groups served as preventive groups and co-treated with FPN (20 mg/kg BW) and BSE (250 or 500 mg/kg BW, respectively). The experiment was conducted over 8 weeks period. Results revealed that co-treatment with BSE led to significant (p > 0.05) dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), Cyclooxegenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), serotonin, and acetylcholine (ACh). Conversely, significant (p > 0.05) up regulation of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) has reported in BSE-co-treated groups. In addition, significant (p > 0.05) promotion in neurobehaviours, histopathologic imaging of the cerebral, cerebellar, and hippocampal regions, and immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were also reported in the BSE-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, BSE (500 mg/kg BW) is a natural, promising neuroprotective agent that can mitigate FPN-induced neurobehavioral toxicity via the suppression of oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways and relieve neuronal necrosis and astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Sara E El-Kazaz
- Animals and Poultry Behavior and Management, Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt.
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Aldayel TS, Alshammari GM, Omar UM, Grace MH, Lila MA, Yahya MA. Hypoglycaemic, insulin releasing, and hepatoprotective effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe perryi Baker resin (Socotran Aloe) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1855859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahany Saleh Aldayel
- Nutrition and Food Science, Department of Physical Sport Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Mohammed Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University; Immunology Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary H. Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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N. Adham A, F. Hegazy ME, Naqishbandi AM, Efferth T. Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215016. [PMID: 33138135 PMCID: PMC7663330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa have been used as a folk remedy in the Iraqi Kurdistan region to deal with different health problems. The aim of the current study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of T. vulgaris and A. lappa in leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and determine the mode of cell death triggered by the most potent cytotoxic fractions of both plants in MM. Resazurin assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic and ferroptosis activity, apoptosis, and modulation in the cell cycle phase were investigated via Annexin V-FITC/PI dual stain and cell-cycle arrest assays. Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n-Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. NCI-H929 displayed pronounced sensitivity towards T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) chloroform fractions with IC50 values of 6.49 ± 1.48 and 21.9 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively. TCF induced apoptosis in NCI-H929 cells with a higher ratio (71%), compared to ACF (50%) at 4 × IC50. ACF demonstrated more potent autophagy activity than TCF. TCF and ACF induced cell cycle arrest and ferroptosis. Apigenin and nobiletin were identified in TCF, while nobiletin, ursolic acid, and lupeol were the main compounds identified in ACF. T. vulgaris and A. lappa could be considered as potential herbal drug candidates, which arrest cancer cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis, autophagic, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveen N. Adham
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Elamir F. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaadin M. Naqishbandi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Correspondence: (A.M.N.); (T.E.); Tel.: +964-75-0448-2788 (A.M.N.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.M.N.); (T.E.); Tel.: +964-75-0448-2788 (A.M.N.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
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Misganaw D, Amare GG, Mengistu G. Chemo Suppressive and Curative Potential of Hypoestes forskalei Against Plasmodium berghei: Evidence for in vivo Antimalarial Activity. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:313-323. [PMID: 32982487 PMCID: PMC7498819 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s262026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of drug resistance together with the global burden of malaria triggers the necessity for the searching of new antimalarial agents. This study, therefore, was initiated to investigate the in vivo antimalarial activity of Hypoestes forskalei in mice based on the strong supported evidence from the ethnobotanical claims and the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity of the plant. Methods The 4-day suppressive (crude extract and fractions) and the Rane’s (n-butanol fraction) tests were used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the plant. A cold maceration technique with 80% methanol was used for the crude extraction of the plant. The crude extract was then fractionated using solvents of different polarity (chloroform, n-butanol, and water). Results All the test doses of the crude extract as well as the fractions reduced parasitemia and prolonged mean survival time significantly (P<0.001) as compared to their negative control groups. Maximum parasitemia suppression effect (56%) was observed at the highest dose (600 mg/kg) of the crude extract during the 4-day suppressive test. Likewise, the n-butanol, chloroform, and aqueous fractions showed a percentage suppression of about 50, 38, and 19, respectively, at the dose of 600 mg/kg. Therefore, the n-butanol fraction showed the highest parasitemia suppression followed by the chloroform fraction and then the aqueous fraction. Moreover, the n-butanol fraction showed a significant curative effect (P<0.001) in Rane’s test with a percentage suppression of about 49 at a dose of 600 mg/kg. Conclusion The study has revealed that the plant has a promising antimalarial activity, the activity being more in the crude extract than the fractions. The highest antimalarial activity of the n-butanol fraction suggests that non-polar and medium polar principles could be responsible for the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desye Misganaw
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gedefaw Getnet Amare
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Mengistu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Ramabulana T, Scheepers LM, Moodley T, Maharaj VJ, Stander A, Gama N, Ferreira D, Sonopo MS, Selepe MA. Bioactive Lignans from Hypoestes aristata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2483-2489. [PMID: 32786879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of extracts of the stems of Hypoestes aristata led to the isolation of nine lignans that included four known compounds, namely, hinokinin (1), savinin (2), medioresinol (3), and two cubebins (8a,b), three new butyrolactone lignans (4-6), and butyrolactol lignans 7a-c. The structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of the new lignans were determined from their ECD data and the Mosher's ester method. This is the first unequivocal assignment of the absolute configuration at C-7 and C-7' of 7- and 7'-hydroxybutyrolactone lignans. The compounds were screened for inhibition of an HIV-1 protease enzyme, and compounds 1 and 6 exhibited moderate activity in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshifhiwa Ramabulana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Luki-Marié Scheepers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Thirshen Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Vinesh J Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - André Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ntombenhle Gama
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Molahlehi S Sonopo
- Radiochemistry, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, Brits, South Africa
| | - Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Lotfy M, Al-Hammadi R, Palakkott AR, Yasin J, Al-Hammadi S, Ksiksi T. Hepatoprotective potentials of Acridocarpus orientalis in mice. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Al Monla R, Dassouki Z, Kouzayha A, Salma Y, Gali-Muhtasib H, Mawlawi H. The Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of the Brown Algae Colpomenia sinuosa are Mediated by the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E1993. [PMID: 32344512 PMCID: PMC7221617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown algae are a novel resource of biogenic molecules, however few studies have been conducted in the Mediterranean to assess the cytotoxic mechanisms of algal-derived compounds. This study focuses on the antineoplastic activity of extracts from non-investigated algae of the Lebanese coast, Colpomenia sinuosa. Extracts' antineoplastic activities were evaluated by MTT and trypan blue on different tumorigenic cells. Results indicated that the most potent extract was obtained by soxhlet using dichloromethane:methanol solvent (DM soxhlet) against HCT-116. Wound healing assay confirmed that this extract decreased the migration potential of HCT-116 cells with minimal effects on non-tumorigenic cells. It also induced an increase in the subG1 population as determined by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis demonstrated that apoptosis in treated HCT-116 cells was induced via upregulation of p21 protein and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl 2, which led to caspases activation. The latter, catalyzes the degradation of PARP-1, and thus suppresses cancer proliferation. Morphological alterations, further confirmed apoptosis. A strong pro-oxidant activity evidenced by the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in HCT-116 treated cells. Interestingly, a strong antioxidant effectively blocked effect induced by the extract. These results indicate that C. sinuosa is a source of bioactive compounds possessing pro-apoptotic and anti-migratory efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Al Monla
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (R.A.M.); (A.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zeina Dassouki
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (R.A.M.); (A.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Achraf Kouzayha
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (R.A.M.); (A.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yahya Salma
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (R.A.M.); (A.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Hala Gali-Muhtasib
- Department of Biology and Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
- Center for Drug Discovery, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Mawlawi
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), AZM Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, Doctoral School for Sciences and Technology, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon; (R.A.M.); (A.K.); (Y.S.)
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Aldayel TS, Grace MH, Lila MA, Yahya MA, Omar UM, Alshammary G. LC-MS characterization of bioactive metabolites from two Yemeni Aloe spp. with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of frankincense: Targets, treatments and toxicities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:39-57. [PMID: 32027979 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oleogum resins of Boswellia species known as frankincense have been used for ages in traditional medicine in India, China and the Arabian world independent of its use for cultural and religious rituals in Europe. During the past two decades, scientific investigations provided mounting evidence for the therapeutic potential of frankincense. We conducted a systematic review on the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of Boswellia species and their chemical ingredients (e.g. 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β boswellic acid, α- and β-boswellic acids, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and other boswellic acids, lupeolic acids, incensole, cembrenes, triterpenediol, tirucallic acids, and olibanumols). Frankincense acts by multiple mechanisms, e.g. by the inhibition of leukotriene synthesis, of cyclooxygenase 1/2 and 5-lipoxygenase, of oxidative stress, and by regulation of immune cells from the innate and acquired immune systems. Furthermore, frankincense modulates signaling transduction responsible for cell cycle arrest and inhibition of proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Clinical trials showed the efficacy of frankincense and its phytochemicals against osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, psoriasis and erythematous eczema, plaque-induced gingivitis and pain. Frankincense revealed beneficial effects towards brain tumor-related edema, but did not reduce glioma size. Even if there is no treatment effect on brain tumors itself, the management of glioma-associated edema may represent a desirable improvement. The therapeutic potential against other tumor types is still speculative. Experimental toxicology and clinical trials revealed only mild adverse side effects. More randomized clinical trials are required to estimate the full clinical potential of frankincense for cancer therapy.
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Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Phytochemical Compounds and Anti-Gout Activity of Euphorbia hirta L. (Ara Tanah) Using Response Surface Methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4501261. [PMID: 32047524 PMCID: PMC7007754 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4501261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the anti-gout (xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) in vitro of Euphorbia hirta using response surface methodology (RSM). The plant part used was the whole plant excluding roots. The effects of three independent variables (extraction time, X 1; extraction temperature, X 2; and solid-to-liquid ratio, X 3) on three response variables (total flavonoid content, Y 1; total phenolic content, Y 2; and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, Y 3) were determined using central composite design (CCD) while phytochemical profiling of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total flavonoid content (r 2 = 0.9407, p < 0.0001), total phenolic content (r 2 = 0.9383, p < 0.0001), and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (r 2 = 0.9794, p < 0.0001). The best extraction conditions observed for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were at a temperature of 79.07°C for 17.42 min with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/ml. The optimum values for total flavonoid, total phenolic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 67.56 mg RE/g, 155.21 mg GAE/g, and 91.42%, respectively. The main phytochemical compounds in the optimized E. hirta extract are neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, afzelin, and quercetin. As conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the best conditions to obtain higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds which can be further used for the development of anti-gout agents.
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Mulat M, Khan F, Muluneh G, Pandita A. Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Effects of Different Medicinal Plant: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190730151118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of medicinal plants for combating various human ailments, as a
food fortificant and additive have been adapted from ancient routine custom. Currently,
developing countries use plants as a major source of primary health care. Besides, the emerging
drug resistant pathogenic microbes encourage the utilization of medicinal plants as
preeminent alternative sources of new bioactive substances. Extensive research findings
have been reported in the last three decades. But methods to investigate the phytoconstituent
and their biological effects are limited. This review contains brief explanations about the selection
of medicinal plants, procedure for obtaining the crude as well as essential oil extracts,
phytochemical screening, and in-vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the
antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant extracts reported from their respective solvent
fractionated and non-fractionated in-vitro analysis has also been described in the present paper.
The bioactive substances from medicinal plant along with chemical structure and biological
effects are highlighted in the content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Mulat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
| | - Gizachew Muluneh
- Division of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Archana Pandita
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P., India
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Bailly C. Xihuang pills, a traditional chinese preparation used as a complementary medicine to treat cancer: An updated review. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Balhamar SOMS, Panicker NG, Akhlaq S, Qureshi MM, Ahmad W, Rehman NU, Ali L, Al-Harrasi A, Hussain J, Mustafa F. Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Acridocarpus orientalis Leaf and Stem Extracts with the Ability to Induce Multiple Cell Death Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213976. [PMID: 31684146 PMCID: PMC6864630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the anticancer potential of Acridocarpus orientalis (AO), a traditional medicinal plant of the Arabian Peninsula/East Africa known for its anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. Tests of serial organic fractions from methanolic extracts of its leaves and stems revealed that only some fractions showed anti-proliferative potential with the dichloromethane fraction from leaves (AOD (L)) showing the most cytotoxic effect against both breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines. The n-butanol fraction from the stems (AOB (S)), on the other hand, was more effective against cervical cancer cells and did not harm the normal cells. Further characterization of the mode of cell killing revealed that AOD (L) depended more on non-apoptotic pathways for its cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, while it could activate some apoptosis and necroptosis in HeLa cells. The AOB (S) fraction could primarily activate apoptosis and some necroptosis in HeLa cells. Both fractions perturbed autophagy, but in a dissimilar manner. Thus, different parts of A. orientalis revealed variable potential to induce cell death in cancer cells via apoptotic and non-apoptotic pathways, making A. orientalis a valuable plant for the exploration of anticancer bioactive reagents, some of which may be protective for normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neena Gopinathan Panicker
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Shaima Akhlaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Mohammed Mansoor Qureshi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sub-Campus Mianwali, Punjab 42200, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Farah Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, UAE.
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Chingwaru C, Bagar T, Maroyi A, Kapewangolo PT, Chingwaru W. Wound healing potential of selected Southern African medicinal plants: A review. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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González-Alamilla EN, Gonzalez-Cortazar M, Valladares-Carranza B, Rivas-Jacobo MA, Herrera-Corredor CA, Ojeda-Ramírez D, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Rivero-Perez N. Chemical Constituents of Salix babylonica L. and Their Antibacterial Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Animal Bacteria. Molecules 2019; 24:E2992. [PMID: 31426583 PMCID: PMC6721091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The principle of animal wellbeing, which states that animals should be free from pain, injury, and disease, is difficult to maintain, because microorganisms are most frequently found to be resistant or multi-resistant to drugs. The secondary metabolites of plants are an alternative for the treatment of these microorganisms. The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of Salix babylonica L. hydroalcoholic extract (SBHE) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, and identify the compounds associated with the activity. The SBHE showed activity against the three strains, and was subjected to a bipartition, obtaining aqueous fraction (ASB) with moderate activity and organic fraction (ACSB) with good activity against the three strains. The chromatographic separation of ACSB, allowed us to obtain ten fractions (F1AC to F10AC), and only three showed activity (F7AC, F8AC and F10AC). In F7AC, five compounds were identified preliminary by GC-MS, in F8AC and F10AC were identified luteolin (1) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (2) by HPLC, respectively. The best antibacterial activity was obtained with F7AC (Listeria monocytogenes; MIC: 0.78 mg/mL, MBC: 0.78 mg/mL) and F8AC (Staphylococcus aureus; MIC: 0.39 mg/mL; MBC: 0.78 mg/mL). The results indicated that the compounds obtained from SBHE can be used as an alternative treatment against these microorganisms and, by this mechanism, contribute to animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Nathalye González-Alamilla
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera San Luis-Matehuala Km, 14.5, Ejido Palma de la Cruz, 78321 Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Manases Gonzalez-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1. Col. Centro, CP 62790 Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valladares-Carranza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, C.P. 50295 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Rivas-Jacobo
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera San Luis-Matehuala Km, 14.5, Ejido Palma de la Cruz, 78321 Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Camelia Alejandra Herrera-Corredor
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Carretera San Luis-Matehuala Km, 14.5, Ejido Palma de la Cruz, 78321 Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Ojeda-Ramírez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600 Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600 Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600 Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico.
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Olmedo-Juárez A, Briones-Robles TI, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Zamilpa A, Ojeda-Ramírez D, Mendoza de Gives P, Olivares-Pérez J, Rivero-Perez N. Antibacterial activity of compounds isolated from Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq) Willd against important bacteria in public health. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103660. [PMID: 31398533 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has been increasing in recent years and is most frequently found in pathogenic microorganisms resistant or multiresistant to drugs. The secondary metabolites of plants have been evaluated as alternatives for control and treatment of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity from Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq) Willd fruit. Hydroalcoholic extract (CCHA), was subjected to a bipartition with ethyl acetate giving two fractions an aqueous (Aq-F) and an organic (EtOAc-F). The isolation of bioactive fraction (EtOAc-F) allowed obtain two important compounds, methyl gallate (1) and gallic acid (2). These compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The CCHA, both fractions and the isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro to determine their Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. Gallic acid (2) showed the lowest MIC on S. typhi, (0.156 mg/mL), L. monocytogenes and S. aureus (1.25 mg/mL), while methyl gallate (1) had the best inhibitory effect against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (1.25 mg/mL). On the other hand, methyl gallate (1) showed the best MBC on P. aeruginosa (2.50 mg/mL), and gallic acid (2) had the lowest MBC on P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, methyl gallate (1) and gallic acid (2) are the compounds responsible for the antibacterial activity of Caesalpinia coriaria fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534 / Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Mexico
| | - Tania Isabel Briones-Robles
- Universidad Politécnica de Morelos. Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac #566, Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec, Morelos, CP 62550, Mexico
| | - Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - Alejando Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1. Col. Centro, CP 62790, Xochitepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Deyanira Ojeda-Ramírez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza de Gives
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534 / Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Nallely Rivero-Perez
- Área Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuaria, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad Km 1, Ex-Hda. de Aquetzalpa, 43600, Tulancingo, Hgo, Mexico.
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Baig MH, Adil M, Khan R, Dhadi S, Ahmad K, Rabbani G, Bashir T, Imran MA, Husain FM, Lee EJ, Kamal MA, Choi I. Enzyme targeting strategies for prevention and treatment of cancer: Implications for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Othman L, Sleiman A, Abdel-Massih RM. Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols and Alkaloids in Middle Eastern Plants. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:911. [PMID: 31156565 PMCID: PMC6529554 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been an ever-growing concern over the past years. This has led researchers to direct their attention onto plants to be able to discover new possible antimicrobial compounds. The Middle East encompasses a wide spectrum of plant diversity with over 20,000 different species in habitats ranging from deserts to snow-capped mountains. Several plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives have been identified as possible antimicrobial agents. Among the secondary metabolites studied, alkaloids and polyphenols have shown strong antimicrobial activity. Polyphenols are one of the most numerous and diverse group of secondary metabolites; their antioxidant properties provide the basis for antimicrobial effects. Alkaloids provided the underlying structure for the development of several antibiotics with a diverse range of action. The ability of some plant secondary metabolites to act as resistance-modifying agents is a promising field in mitigating the spread of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Othman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Sleiman
- Department of Biology, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
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Hormozi M, Baharvand P. Achillea biebersteinni Afan may inhibit scar formation: In vitro study. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e640. [PMID: 30968605 PMCID: PMC6503027 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the major problems in wound healing is scar formation; however, there are few ways to prevent or treat it. Different species of Achillea are used to treat wounds in folk medicine from the past but there are few studies on the effect of it on wound healing and inhibition of scar formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Achillea biebersteinii Afan hydroethanolic extract on the expression of TGFβ1 and bFGF as effective growth factors of wound healing in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were exposed to different concentrations of Achillea extract at two different time (12 and 24 hr); the expression of TGFβ1 and bFGF was performed by real‐time‐PCR and ELISA at the level of gene and protein. Results It was observed that the plant extract at 5 and 10 µg/ml downregulated the expression of TGFβ1 and upregulated the expression of bFGF at the level of gene and protein. Conclusion The results showed that the pattern of changes in the expression of TGFβ1 and bFGF by Achillea biebersteinni Afan extract may inhibit scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hormozi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parastoo Baharvand
- Department of Community Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Antipleuritic and Vascular Permeability Inhibition of the Ethyl Acetate-Petroleum Ether Stem Bark Extract of Maerua angolensis DC (Capparaceae) in Murine. Int J Inflam 2018; 2018:6123094. [PMID: 30112161 PMCID: PMC6077359 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6123094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maerua angolensis has been used traditionally in the management of pain, arthritis, and rheumatism in Ghana and Nigeria but no scientific evidence is currently available to give credence to its folkloric use. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a stem bark extract of Maerua angolensis DC (MAE) in acute inflammatory models. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg−1) on neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes in lung tissues and lung morphology were evaluated with the carrageenan induced pleurisy model in Sprague Dawley rats. The effects of MAE (30-300 mg kg−1) on vascular permeability were also evaluated in the acetic acid induced vascular permeability in ICR mice. MAE significantly reduced neutrophil infiltration, exudate volume, and lung tissue damage in carrageenan induced pleurisy. MAE increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in lung tissues. The extract was also able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues in carrageenan induced rat pleurisy. Vascular permeability was also attenuated by the extract with marked reduction of Evans blue dye leakage in acetic acid induced permeability assay. The results indicated that Maerua angolensis is effective in ameliorating inflammation induced by carrageenan and acetic acid. It also has the potential of increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Elansary HO, Abdelgaleil SAM, Mahmoud EA, Yessoufou K, Elhindi K, El-Hendawy S. Effective antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of essential oils of horticultural aromatic crops in northern Egypt. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:214. [PMID: 30005652 PMCID: PMC6044011 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Identifying ornamental plants as new natural antioxidant and antimicrobial sources is always of great importance for the ornamental and horticultural industries. Methods The antimicrobial activities of leaves and fruits peel essential oils of twelve ornamental and horticultural crops were determined by screening against wide spectrum of fungi and bacteria, and their respective in vitro antioxidant capacity was evaluated. Furthermore, the anticancer activities against several cancer cells, and one normal human cell line (HEK-293) were examined. Results Origanum vulgare L. essential oil showed the best antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities compared to screened crops by means of the DPPH and linoleic acid assays for antioxidants, MIC and MBC values for antibacterial activities and IC50 for antiproliferative activities. Such important activities in O. vulgare was attributed to high pulegone ratio (77.45%) as revealed by the GC/MS assay. Rosmarinus officinallis L. essential oil showed the highest antifungal activities by means of lowest MIC and MFC values which might be attributed to 1, 8-cineole (19.60%), camphor (17.01%) and α-pinene (15.12%). Conclusion We suggest that oxygenated monoterpenes (i.e. linalool, terpinen-4-ol and pulegone) and monoterpene hydrocarbons play an important role in the essential oil antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of diverse Egyptian ornamental and horticultural crops. Some species showed bioactivities similar to standards compounds and might be suitable for pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Al-Madhagi WM, Mohd Hashim N, Awad Ali NA, Alhadi AA, Abdul Halim SN, Othman R. -Chemical profiling and biological activity of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4839. [PMID: 29892499 PMCID: PMC5994333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peperomia belongs to the family of Piperaceae. It has different uses in folk medicine and contains rare compounds that have led to increased interest in this genus. Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth is used as an injury disinfectant by Yemeni people. In addition, the majority of Yemen’s population still depend on the traditional remedy for serious diseases such as cancer, inflammation and infection. Currently, there is a deficiency of scientific evidence with regards to the medicinal plants from Yemen. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the chemical profile and in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of P. blanda. Methods Chemical profiling of P. blanda was carried out using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) followed by isolation of bioactive compounds by column chromatography. DPPH• and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant activity and the MTT assay was performed to estimate the cytotoxicity activity against three cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7, HL-60 and WEHI-3, and three normal cell lines, MCF10A, WRL-68 and HDFa. Results X-ray crystallographic data for peperomin A is reported for the first time here and N,N′-diphenethyloxamide was isolated for the first time from Peperomia blanda. Methanol and dichloromethane extracts showed high radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 36.81 ± 0.09 µg/mL, followed by the dichloromethane extract at 61.78 ± 0.02 µg/mL, whereas the weak ferric reducing activity of P. blanda extracts ranging from 162.2 ± 0.80 to 381.5 ± 1.31 µg/mL were recorded. In addition, petroleum ether crude extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against all the tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 9.54 ± 0.30, 4.30 ± 0.90 and 5.39 ± 0.34 µg/mL, respectively. Peperomin A and the isolated mixture of phytosterol (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) exhibited cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and WE-HI cell lines with an IC50 of (5.58 ± 0.47, 4.62 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and (8.94 ± 0.05, 9.84 ± 0.61 µg/mL), respectively, compared to a standard drug, taxol, that has IC50 values of 3.56 ± 0.34 and 1.90 ± 0.9 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The activities of P. blanda extracts and isolated compounds recorded in this study underlines the potential that makes this plant a valuable source for further study on anticancer and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa M Al-Madhagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center of Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nasser A Awad Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacy, Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, Albaha, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - Abeer A Alhadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rozana Othman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Drug Design and Development Research Group (DDDRG), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Center of Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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N'do JYP, Hilou A, Ouedraogo N, Sombie EN, Traore TK. Phytochemistry, Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Potential of Acanthospermum hispidum DC Extracts against Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E42. [PMID: 29735893 PMCID: PMC6023488 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Burkina Faso is classified among the countries with a high prevalence (˃12%) of hepatitis. Hepatic diseases, such as cirrhosis—related to alcoholism—and hepatitis B and C, are the cause of the increase in cases of liver cancer. They promote the development of cancer by decreasing the natural cell death, causing problems with DNA repair, or by increasing the production of free radical toxins to the cell. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were nearly 639,000 deaths from liver cancer worldwide in 2014, hence the need to search for natural hepatoprotective molecules. Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of Acanthospermum hispidum extracts on rats and the antioxidant capacity of extracts in vitro and in vivo, and to perform phytochemistry. Methods: The ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the whole Acanthospermum hispidum plant were used to evaluate hepatoprotection. The hepatotoxin used in our case was diethylenitrosamine. The animals were divided into groups of six. The sera of the treated animals were used for the determination of transaminases, and the liver homogenates were used for the determination of antioxidant. The total phenol and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant properties of the extracts, were evaluated in vitro. Results: The results of the in vitro antioxidant tests showed good antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test (0.08 ± 0.0018 μg/mL) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzolin-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) (246.05 ± 1.55 mmol TE/g). The in vivo tests showed, through the evaluation of the antioxidant in vivo and the biochemical parameters, that the ethanolic extract with the highest phenolic content had a good hepatoprotective capacity. Conclusions: The antioxidant activity of Acanthopermum hispidum extracts would justify the observed hepatoprotective activity. These results confirmed that the plant is used in the treatment of liver diseases in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotham Yhi-Pênê N'do
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 848 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Adama Hilou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 848 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Noufou Ouedraogo
- Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS/CNRST), Department of Medicine and Traditional Pharmacopoeia (MEPHATRA-PH), 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Doctoral School of Health, University of Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, P.O. Box 7021, 03 BP 848 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Ernest Nogma Sombie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), University of Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 848 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Tata Kadiatou Traore
- Doctoral School of Health, University of Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO, P.O. Box 7021, 03 BP 848 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Fogaça MV, Cândido-Bacani PDM, Benicio LM, Zapata LM, Cardoso PDF, de Oliveira MT, Calvo TR, Varanda EA, Vilegas W, de Syllos Cólus IM. Effects of indirubin and isatin on cell viability, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and BAX/ERCC1 gene expression. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:2005-2014. [PMID: 28738722 PMCID: PMC7011876 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1354387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Indigofera suffruticosa Miller (Fabaceae) and I. truxillensis Kunth produce compounds, such as isatin (ISA) and indirubin (IRN), which possess antitumour properties. Their effects in mammalian cells are still not very well understood. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the activities of ISA and/or IRN on cell viability and apoptosis in vitro, their genotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo, and the IRN- and ISA-induced expression of ERCC1 or BAX genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS HeLa and/or CHO-K1 cell lines were tested (3 or 24 h) in the MTT, Trypan blue exclusion, acridine orange/ethidium bromide, cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) and comet (36, 24 and 72 h) tests after treatment with IRN (0.1 to 200 μM) or ISA (0.5 to 50 μM). Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR in HeLa cells. Swiss albino mice received IRN (3, 4 or 24 h) by gavage (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg determined from the LD50 - 1 g/kg b.w.) and submitted to comet assay in vivo. RESULTS IRN reduced the viability of CHO-K1 (24 h; 5 to 200 μM) and HeLa cells (10 to 200 μM), and was antiproliferative in the CBMN test (CHO-K1: 0.5 to 10 μM; HeLa: 5 and 10 μM). The drug did not induce apoptosis, micronucleus neither altered gene expression. IRN and ISA were genotoxic for HeLa cells (3 and 24 h) at all doses tested. IRN (100 and 150 mg/kg) also induced genotoxicity in vivo (4 h). CONCLUSION IRN and ISA have properties that make them candidates as chemotherapeutics for further pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Viar Fogaça
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Milanez Benicio
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Lara Martinelli Zapata
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tamara Regina Calvo
- Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Eliana Aparecida Varanda
- Araraquara Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Araraquara Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
- Experimental Campus of the Paulista Coast, São Paulo State University, São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Ilce Mara de Syllos Cólus
- Department of General Biology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Ghazouani N, Sifaoui I, Bachrouch O, Abderrabba M, E. Pinero J, Lorenzo-Morales J. Essential oil composition and anti Acanthamoeba studies of Teucrium ramosissimum. Exp Parasitol 2017; 183:207-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tirloni CAS, Lívero FADR, Palozi RAC, Silveira RCA, Vasconcelos PCDP, Souza RIC, Dos Santos AC, de Almeida VP, Manfron Budel J, de Souza LM, Gasparotto Junior A. Ethnopharmacological investigations of the cardio-renal properties of a native species from the region of Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:125-134. [PMID: 28549859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acanthospermum hispidum DC. is an important medicinal herb that belongs to family Asteraceae, popularly used as a diuretic and hypotensive in the region of Pantanal, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Despite the relevance of this species throughout the country, there are no detailed studies about its possible ethnobotanical indication. AIM To carry out a detailed ethnopharmacological investigation of the cardio-renal properties of A. hispidum. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, a detailed morpho-anatomical study with the purpose of characterizing and providing quality control parameters for the species was carried out. Then, purified aqueous extract (ESAH) was obtained and a detailed phytochemical investigation about its main secondary metabolites was performed. In addition, a thorough acute toxicological study was conducted to evaluate the actual toxic effects of this preparation. Finally, the possible diuretic and hypotensive effects of ESAH on male Wistar rats (30, 100, 300mg/kg; intraduodenally) were evaluated, and using pharmacological antagonists or inhibitors, the involvement of prostaglandin/cAMP and nitric oxide/cGMP pathway and potassium channels in ESAH-induced hypotension was investigated. RESULTS The analyses performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the main secondary metabolites present in ESAH were phenolic compounds, such as caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid), dicaffeoylquinic acids and glycosylated flavonoids (quercetin glucoside and galactoside). ESAH did not induce any acute toxic effects and did not affect the urinary volume or renal excretion of electrolytes in Wistar rats. On the other hand, intraduodenal administration of ESAH induces a significant acute hypotensive effect. Previous treatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, methylene blue, or tetraethylammonium fully avoided the hypotensive effect of ESAH. All other parameters were not affected by treatment with ESAH. CONCLUSION Data obtained in this study allow us to suggest that ESAH obtained from A. hispidum presents an important acute hypotensive effect, which appears to be dependent on the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. This study presents new evidences about the therapeutic potential of this species when acute hypotensive response is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Francislaine Aparecida Dos Reis Lívero
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Rhanany Alan Calloi Palozi
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Renan César Alves Silveira
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Paulo César de Paula Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Roosevelt Isaias Carvalho Souza
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Ariany Carvalho Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Valter Paes de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Jane Manfron Budel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Institute of Research Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Pequeno Príncipe Faculty, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, P.O. Box 533, 79.804-970 Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Bano S, Siddiqui BS, Farooq AD, Begum S, Siddiqui F, Kashif M, Azhar M. In vitro growth inhibition and cytotoxicity of Euphorbia caducifolia against four human cancer cell lines and its phytochemical characterisation. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2936-2940. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1305380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Bano
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bina Shaheen Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahsana Dar Farooq
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Eastern medicine, Hamdard Al-Majeed College of Eastern Medicine Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sabira Begum
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faheema Siddiqui
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Azhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Tariq A, Sadia S, Pan K, Ullah I, Mussarat S, Sun F, Abiodun OO, Batbaatar A, Li Z, Song D, Xiong Q, Ullah R, Khan S, Basnet BB, Kumar B, Islam R, Adnan M. A systematic review on ethnomedicines of anti-cancer plants. Phytother Res 2017; 31:202-264. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Sehrish Sadia
- College of life sciences; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Ihteram Ullah
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shijiazhuang; Hebei China
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botany; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Kohat Pakistan
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Olatunji Olusanya Abiodun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Department of Botany; Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria
| | | | - Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Dagang Song
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qinli Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Chemistry; Government College Ara Khel; Frontier Region Kohat Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Central Department of Biotechnology; Tribhuvan University; Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Brawin Kumar
- Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Rabiul Islam
- Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology; Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University; Dinajpur Bangladesh
- Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Kohat Pakistan
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Samarakoon SR, Shanmuganathan C, Ediriweera MK, Piyathilaka P, Tennekoon KH, Thabrew I, Galhena P, De Silva ED. Anti-hepatocarcinogenic and Anti-oxidant Effects of Mangrove Plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S76-S83. [PMID: 28479730 PMCID: PMC5407120 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.203989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea is a shrub mangrove plant of the family Rubiaceae and not yet been studied for anti-hepatocarcinogenic effects. OBJECTIVES We investigated possible in vitro anti-hepatocarcinogenic and antioxidant properties of S. hydrophyllacea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried leaves of S. hydrophyllacea were sequentially extracted into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol and tested for cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and sulforhodamine B assays, and for antioxidant activities by the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated in all four extracts. The hexane and chloroform extracts were tested for pro-apoptotic properties in HepG2 cells, and bioactive components were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. RESULTS The hexane and chloroform extracts showed dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects. Morphological changes observed under fluorescence microscope related to apoptosis, and significant (P < 0.001) increases in caspase 3 and 9 levels were observed in hexane and chloroform extract-treated cells. Slight DNA fragmentation was observed only in response to the chloroform extract. mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax were significantly upregulated by low doses of hexane and chloroform extracts. Highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol extract. GC-MS profiles identified 24 and four major compounds in the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. These included some known anticancer compounds such as lupeol. CONCLUSION Cytotoxicity, antioxidant effects, and apoptosis-related changes exerted by hexane and chloroform extracts of S. hydrophyllacea concluded that these two extracts are good source for isolation of possible anticarcinogenic compounds. SUMMARY The hexane and chloroform extracts of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea showed dose-dependent and time-dependent cytotoxic effects.Morphological changes related to apoptosis and significant (P < 0.001) increases in caspase 3 and 9 levels were observed in hexane and chloroform extract-treated cells.mRNA expressions of p53 and Bax were significantly upregulated by low doses of hexane and chloroform extracts.Highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanol extract.GC-MS profiles identified 24 and four major compounds in the hexane and chloroform extracts, respectively. Abbreviation used: DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, GC-MS: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma, GAE: gallic acid equivalents, SRB: sulforhodamine B, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, AO/EB: acridine orange/ethidium bromide, GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration; QE: quercetin equivalents, HE: hexane extract, CE: chloroform extract, EAE: ethyl acetate extract, ME: methanolic extract, TPC: total polyphenol content, TFC: total flavonoid content, ANOVA: Analysis of variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera R. Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Chanthirika Shanmuganathan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Meran K. Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Poorna Piyathilaka
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani H. Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Ira Thabrew
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
| | - Prasanna Galhena
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - E Dilip De Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Mawatha, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka
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Ramezanali F, Samimi S, Kharazifard M, Afkhami F. The in Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Persian Green Tea Extract as an Intracanal Irrigant on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2016; 11:304-308. [PMID: 27790260 PMCID: PMC5069907 DOI: 10.22037/iej.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of Persian green tea extract (GTE) and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) as an intracanal irrigant. Methods and Materials: Thirty freshly extracted teeth were instrumented and sectioned into mesial and distal segments. The specimens were put into wells containing 2 mL of E. faecalis-containing medium. After 3 weeks, the specimens were removed and divided randomly into three groups (n=20). Each group was exposed to 3 mL of different irrigants for 3 min. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were irrigated with GTE, 2.5% NaOCl and normal saline, respectively. Biofilm formed in the middle third of the root canal was carved by sterile scalpel and cultured in Mueller-Hinton medium. Number of colony forming units (CFU) was counted on each plate. In addition, antimicrobial activity of the irrigants was evaluated by the agar disc diffusion test. The diameter of inhibition zone (IZ) around each irrigant was evaluated. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used to analysis the data. Results: While in NaOCl group no bacterial colonies were observed, the mean number of E. faecalis in GTE and control groups were 275±74 CFU/mL (P<0.001) and 119×108±11×108 (P<0.001), respectively. The mean of IZ in NaOCl and GTE groups were 24.35±0.78 and 6.9±0.87 mm, in order of appearance (P<0.001). Zone of inhibition was not observed around the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: This research highlighted the potential role of plant extracts in antimicrobial root canal irrigation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ramezanali
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farzaneh Afkhami
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran; ; Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ali MA, Farah MA, Al-Hemaid FM, Abou-Tarboush FM, Al-Anazi KM, Wabaidur SM, Alothman ZA, Lee J. Assessment of biological activity and UPLC-MS based chromatographic profiling of ethanolic extract of Ochradenus arabicus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:229-36. [PMID: 26981004 PMCID: PMC4778516 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products from wild and medicinal plants, either in the form of crude extracts or pure compounds provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads owing to the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. In the present study, the cytotoxic potential of crude ethanolic extract of Ochradenus arabicus was analyzed by MTT cell viability assay in MCF-7 adenocarcinoma breast cancer cells. We further investigated its effect against oxidative stress induced by anticancer drug doxorubicin. In addition, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS) based chromatographic profiling of crude extract of O. arabicus was performed. The MTT assay data showed that the extract is moderately toxic to the MCF-7 cells. However, its treatment alone does not induce oxidative stress while doxorubicin increases the level of oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells. Whereas, simultaneous treatment of plant extract and doxorubicin significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation while an increase in the reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity was observed in time and dose dependent manner. Hence, our finding confirmed cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of crude extract of O. arabicus in MCF-7 cells. However, further investigations on O. arabicus as a potential chemotherapeutic agent are needed. The analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts involving the applications of common phytochemical screening assays such as chromatographic techniques is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal M Abou-Tarboush
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Wabaidur
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z A Alothman
- Advanced Materials Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Omosa LK, Midiwo JO, Masila VM, Gisacho BM, Munayi R, Chemutai KP, Elhaboob G, Saeed MEM, Hamdoun S, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 91 Kenyan indigenous medicinal plants towards human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:177-96. [PMID: 26721219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants from Kenyan flora are traditionally used against many ailments, including cancer and related diseases. Cancer is characterized as a condition with complex signs and symptoms. Recently there are recommendations that ethnopharmacological usages such as immune and skin disorders, inflammatory, infectious, parasitic and viral diseases should be taken into account when selecting plants that treat cancer. AIM The present study was aimed at investigating the cytotoxicity of a plethora of 145 plant parts from 91 medicinal plants, most of which are used in the management of cancer and related diseases by different communities in Kenya, against CCRF-CEM leukemia cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stems, stem bark, roots, root barks, aerial parts and whole herb) were obtained by cold percolation using different solvent systems, such as (1:1v/v) dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) and n-hexane (1), methanol (MeOH) and CH2Cl2 (2); neat MeOH (3), 5% H2O in MeOH (4) and with ethanol (EtOH, 5); their cytotoxicities were determined using the resazurin reduction assay against CCRF-CEM cells. RESULTS At a single concentration of 10μg/mL, 12 out of 145 extracts exhibited more than 50% cell inhibition. These include samples from the root bark of Erythrina sacleuxii (extracted with 50% n-hexane-CH2Cl2), the leaves of Albizia gummifera, and Strychnos usambarensis, the stem bark of Zanthoxylum gilletii, Bridelia micrantha, Croton sylvaticus, and Albizia schimperiana; the root bark of Erythrina burttii and E. sacleuxii (extracted with 50% CH2Cl2-MeOH), the stem bark of B. micrantha and Z. gilletii (extracted using 5% MeOH-H2O) and from the berries of Solanum aculeastrum (extracted with neat EtOH). The EtOH extract of the berries of S. aculeastrum and A. schimperiana stem bark extract displayed the highest cytotoxicity towards leukemia CCRF-CEM cells, with IC50 values of 1.36 and 2.97µg/mL, respectively. Other extracts having good activities included the extracts of the stem barks of Z. gilletii and B. micrantha and leaves of S. usambarensis with IC50 values of 9.04, 9.43 and 11.09µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provided information related to the possible use of some Kenyam medicinal plants, and mostly S. aculeastrum, A. schimperiana, C. sylvaticus, Z. gilletii, B. micrantha and S. usambarensis in the treatment of leukemia. The reported data helped to authenticate the claimed traditional use of these plants. However, most plants are used in combination as traditional herbal concoctions. Hence, the cytotoxicity of corresponding plant combinations should be tested in vitro to authenticate the traditional medical practitioners actual practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidah K Omosa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Veronica M Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boniface M Gisacho
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renee Munayi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Gihan Elhaboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 321-11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sami Hamdoun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Hosseini-Sharifabad M, Kamali-Ardakani R, Hosseini-Sharifabad A. Beneficial effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin on spatial learning and the dendritic tree of dentate gyrus granule cells in aged rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2016; 6:189-97. [PMID: 27222832 PMCID: PMC4877965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hippocampal formation, particularly the dentate gyrus (DG), shows age-related morphological changes that could cause memory decline. It is indicated that Boswellia resins attenuates memory deficits and the major component of Boswellia serrata (Bs) gum resin, beta boswellic acid increased neurite outgrowth and branching in hippocampal neurons. This study was designed to investigate the effect of Boswellia treatment on spatial learning performance and the morphology of dentate granule cells in aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen male Wistar rats (24 months old) were divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group was intragastrically administered with the aqueous extract of Bs (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks) and control group received a similar volume of water. Spatial learning performance of rats was tested using Morris water maze task. At the end of experiment, the brain was removed and the right hippocampus was serially sectioned for morphometric analysis. The Cavalieri principle was employed to estimate the volume of the DG. A quantitative Golgi study was used to analyze the dendritic trees of dentate granule cells. RESULTS Chronic treatment with Bs improved spatial learning capability during the three acquisition days. Comparisons also revealed that Bs-treated aged rat had greater DG with increased dendritic complexity in the dentate granule cells than control rats. Hippocampal granule cells of Bs-treated aged rats had more dendritic segments, larger arbors, more numerical branching density and more dendritic spines in comparison to control animals. CONCLUSION This study provided a neuro-anatomical basis for memory improvement due to chronic treatment with Bs.
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Ghazouani N, Abderrabba M, Bouajila J. Teucrium ramosissimum (Lamiaceae): Volatile Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Pharmaceutical Activity. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Islam NU, Khan I, Rauf A, Muhammad N, Shahid M, Shah MR. Antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities of gold nanoparticles generated by methanolic extract of Euphorbia milii. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:160. [PMID: 26021441 PMCID: PMC4446853 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology has potential future for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and reducing the unwanted effects of herbal drugs. The biological research on Euphorbia species has been supported by the use of some plants in traditional medicines. Many species of Euphorbia have been reported as having strong sedative and analgesic effects. In the present research work gold nanoparticles of Euphorbia milii methanolic extract (Au-EM) were synthesized, characterized and tested for antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities. Methods Au-EM was prepared by stirring 1 mM warm trihydrated tetrachloroaurate solution with E. milii methanolic extract without using any external reducing agents. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, infrared spectrophotometery, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy while their stability was evaluated against varying pH and different volumes of sodium chloride (NaCl). The metal sensing capacity of Au-EM was tested towards cobalt, copper, lead, mercury and nickel. Au-EM was evaluated in BALB/c mice at a dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg for antinociceptive, muscle relaxant and sedative activities in comparison with the crude E. milii methanolic extract. Results Au-EM showed remarkable stability in different NaCl and pH solutions. Au-EM produced significant (P < 0.01) antinociceptive effect at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg as compared to the crude E. milii methanolic extract. In the rotarod test, Au-EM showed significant muscle relaxant effect at 10 mg/kg (P < 0.05) and 20 mg/kg (P < 0.01) after 30, 60 and 90 min. In an open field test significant sedative effect (P < 0.05) of Au-EM was observed at 10 and 20 mg/kg. Moreover significant detection sensitivity was demonstrated towards all the tested heavy metals. Conclusions These results concluded that the gold nanoparticles improved the potency of E. milii methanolic extract and exhibited significant analgesic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties. The significant metals sensing ability and enhanced stability in different NaCl and pH solutions may enable us to explore different formulations of E. milii gold nanoparticles for potentially effective and safe nano-herbal therapy.
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Chhetri BK, Ali NAA, Setzer WN. A Survey of Chemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Yemeni Aromatic Medicinal Plants. MEDICINES 2015; 2:67-92. [PMID: 28930202 PMCID: PMC5533162 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Yemen is a small country located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen’s coastal lowlands, eastern plateau, and deserts give it a diverse topography, which along with climatic factors make it opulent in flora. Despite the introduction of Western medicinal system during the middle of the twentieth century, herbal medicine still plays an important role in Yemen. In this review, we present a survey of several aromatic plants used in traditional medicine in Yemen, their traditional uses, their volatile chemical compositions, and their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan K Chhetri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Nasser A Awadh Ali
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sana'a University, P.O. Box 13150 Sana'a, Yemen.
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988 Al Baha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Antiviral activity of a zymolytic grain based extract on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:642327. [PMID: 25838832 PMCID: PMC4370203 DOI: 10.1155/2015/642327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that grains may play a role in disease prevention beyond the simple provision of energy and nutrients. It has been reported that some components contained in grains exert their functional effects on viral and bacterial infections and protect against various cancers. However, until now, hardly any intervention studies have investigated the effects of grains or grain based extracts on the inhibition of HIV-1 infection. In this study, the antiviral function of a zymolytic grain based extract (ZGE) was detected in vitro and in rats, and the antiviral mechanism was investigated. Results showed that ZGE had an inhibition effect on HIV-1 infection in vitro with low cytotoxic effects. The study of the mechanism demonstrated that this functional food possibly acted on the viral surface structure protein gp120 which is responsible for cell binding, as well as on the postattachment stage of the virus. The sera of model rats administrated with this food by gavage presented anti-infection abilities against HIV-1 in vitro during a serum concentration associated period of time. These findings provide valuable insights into the application of ZGE on the control of viral load, which may contribute to future anti-HIV treatment with less adverse effects.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Root Extracts of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:560404. [PMID: 25810744 PMCID: PMC4354966 DOI: 10.1155/2015/560404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) is a perennial plant widely distributed in tropical Africa. Preparations of the plant are commonly used across Nigeria for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Based on the fact that herbal medicine is a strong component of integrative medicine, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of root extracts of Sansevieria liberica. Methods. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) in vitro cytotoxicity assay, Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites and solid tumor, and L1210 lymphoid leukemia in vivo models were used in this study. Results. SL-A002 (IC50 23 µg/mL with HeLa), SL-A003 (IC50 22 µg/mL with HCT-116), and SL-A004 (IC50 23 and 18 µg/mL with A549 and THP-1, resp.) demonstrated significant activity in the SRB cytotoxicity assay. Potency was highest with the following pairs of extract : cancer cell line: SL-A002 : HeLa (IC50 23 µg/mL), SL-A003 : HCT-116 (IC50 22 µg/mL), and SL-A004 : THP-1 (IC50 18 µg/mL). SL-A002 demonstrated significant dose-dependent antitumor activity in the Sarcoma-180 (S-180) ascites model with peak effect produced at the dose of 120 mg/kg (i.p.) with inhibition of 89.36% compared to 97.96% for 5-FU (20 mg/kg i.p.). The inhibition of tumor growth by SL-A002 in the S-180 solid tumor model was 47.40% compared to a value of 50.18% for 5-FU. SL-A002 was also significantly active in the L1210 lymphoid leukemia model with 158.33% increase in mean survival time, the same value for 5-FU. Conclusions. The hydroethanolic extract of Sansevieria liberica, SL-A002, possesses significant anticancer activity to warrant further extensive study to identify, isolate, and characterize the specific bioactive molecules responsible for the observed antitumor activity and the precise mechanism(s) of action.
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Tiwary BK, Bihani S, Kumar A, Chakraborty R, Ghosh R. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of ethno-pharmacological important plants of Darjeeling district of West Bengal against different human cancer cell lines. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:22. [PMID: 25887417 PMCID: PMC4331178 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Plant derived components have attracted particular attention as an alternative source to battle several diseases including cancer. The variation in the climate, the geographical location and the rich ethnomedicinal traditions has made the Darjeeling Himalayas an abode of invaluable repository of traditional medicinal plants. In this study, we explored the in vitro anticancer properties of traditionally used medicinal plants from the Darjeeling hills against different human cancer cell lines. Methods The ethanolic leaf extracts of 30 medicinal plants were tested for their cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF 7), human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2) and human cervix adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by performing MTT assay, trypan blue exclusion assay and morphological assessment under phase contrast inverted microscope. For the extracts which tested positive, IC50 (the concentration that inhibited cell growth by 50%) was calculated. The extract(s) were further subjected to Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to determine their phytochemical profile. Results Out of the 30 plant extracts tested, five plants, Artemisia indica, Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium adenophorum, Maesa macrophylla and Phlogacanthus thyrsiformis showed a > 50% growth inhibition of cancer cell lines at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. The sensitivity to different extracts varied according to the cell type under investigation. Of these plants, Maesa macrophylla, exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF7 cell with IC50 values of 9.55 μg/ml and 16.19 μg/ml respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenes. Conclusions This is perhaps the first report of screening of traditional medicinal plants from Darjeeling district in West Bengal, India, for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancerous cell lines MCF7, HeLa and HepG2. The extracts of Maesa macrophylla significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa and MCF7 cancerous cell lines and constituted of multiple known biologically active compounds. The present study may provide the landmark for further exploration of M. macrophylla for its potent anticancer constituents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0543-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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