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Kiskin FN, Yang Y, Yang H, Zhang JZ. Cracking the code of the cardiovascular enigma: hPSC-derived endothelial cells unveil the secrets of endothelial dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 192:65-78. [PMID: 38761989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a central contributor to the development of most cardiovascular diseases and is characterised by the reduced synthesis or bioavailability of the vasodilator nitric oxide together with other abnormalities such as inflammation, senescence, and oxidative stress. The use of patient-specific and genome-edited human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) has shed novel insights into the role of endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases with strong genetic components such as genetic cardiomyopathies and pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, their utility in studying complex multifactorial diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and heart failure poses notable challenges. In this review, we provide an overview of the different methods used to generate and characterise hPSC-ECs before comprehensively assessing their effectiveness in cardiovascular disease modelling and high-throughput drug screening. Furthermore, we explore current obstacles that will need to be overcome to unleash the full potential of hPSC-ECs in facilitating patient-specific precision medicine. Addressing these challenges holds great promise in advancing our understanding of intricate cardiovascular diseases and in tailoring personalised therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedir N Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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Yan W, Wang C, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Sun M. Involvement of Calpain in Neurovascular Unit Damage through Up-regulating PARP-NF-κB Signaling during Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04092-w. [PMID: 38472651 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04092-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Calpain and PARP-NF-κB signaling are reported to participate in the ischemic brain injury. In this study, it was investigated whether calpain was contributed to the neurovascular unit (NVU) damage through up-regulating PARP-NF-κB signaling during experimental ischemic stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were suffered from 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion. The NVU damage was evaluated by the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), the degradation of proteins in extracellular matrix and tight junctions, and ultrastructural changes. The inflammatory response was determined by the expression of inflammatory genes driven by PARP-NF-κB signaling and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Treatment with MDL 28,170, a calpain inhibitor, improved neurological functions, reduced TUNEL staining index, lessened brain swelling, and decreased infarct volume in ischemic rats. Moreover, it reduced the BBB permeability, enhanced the levels of laminin, collagen IV and occludin, and attenuated the ultrastructural damage of NVU in penumbra and core after induction of ischemia. Meanwhile, it enhanced the levels of cytosolic IκBα, lessened the levels of nuclear PARP and NF-κB p65, reduced the levels of ICAM-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP-9, and MMP-2,and suppressed the activities of MPO in penumbra and core. These data showed that calpain inhibition suppressed PARP-NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response, reduced NVU damage, and protected brain against ischemic stroke, suggesting the involvement of calpain in the NVU damage through up-regulating PARP-NF-κB signaling during brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yumei Zhao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
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Potz BA, Sabe SA, Scrimgeour LA, Sabe AA, Harris DD, Abid MR, Clements RT, Sellke FW. Calpain inhibition decreases oxidative stress via mitochondrial regulation in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:700-707. [PMID: 37748718 PMCID: PMC10598262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Calpain overexpression is implicated in mitochondrial damage leading to tissue oxidative stress and myocardial ischemic injury. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of calpain inhibition (CI) on mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress in a swine model of chronic myocardial ischemia and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Yorkshire swine were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome then underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to the left circumflex artery. Three weeks later, animals received: no drug (control, "CON"; n= 7); a low-dose calpain inhibitor (0.12 mg/kg; "LCI", n= 7); or high-dose calpain inhibitor (0.25 mg/kg; "HCI", n=7). Treatment continued for 5 weeks, followed by tissue harvest. Cardiac tissue was assayed for protein carbonyl content, as well as antioxidant and mitochondrial protein expression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial respiration was measured in H9c2 cells following exposure to normoxia or hypoxia (1%) for 24 h with or without CI. RESULTS In ischemic myocardial tissue, CI was associated with decreased total oxidative stress compared to control. CI was also associated with increased expression of mitochondrial proteins superoxide dismutase 1, SDHA, and pyruvate dehydrogenase compared to control. 100 nM of calpain inhibitor decreased ROS levels and respiration in both normoxic and hypoxic H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of metabolic syndrome, CI improves oxidative stress in chronically ischemic myocardial tissue. Decreased oxidative stress may be via modulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in free radical scavenging and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Potz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Sharif A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Laura A Scrimgeour
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Ashraf A Sabe
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Dwight D Harris
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Richard T Clements
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA.
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Serpico L, Dello Iacono S, Cammarano A, De Stefano L. Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Wound Dressing. Gels 2023; 9:451. [PMID: 37367122 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials have found increasing use in biomedical applications in the last decades. Among them, hydrogels represent the chosen class of materials to use in this field, in particular as wound dressings. They are generally non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, and they can absorb large amounts of exudates. Moreover, hydrogels actively contribute to skin repair promoting fibroblast proliferation and keratinocyte migration, allowing oxygen to permeate, and protecting wounds from microbial invasion. As wound dressing, stimuli-responsive systems are particularly advantageous since they can be active only in response to specific environmental stimuli (such as pH, light, ROS concentration, temperature, and glucose level). In this review, we briefly resume the human skin's structure and functions, as well as the wound healing phases; then, we present recent advances in stimuli-responsive hydrogels-based wound dressings. Lastly, we provide a bibliometric analysis of knowledge produced in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Serpico
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Materias Srl, Corso N. Protopisani 50, 80146 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Dello Iacono
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | | | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zhao Z, Wang X, Lu M, Gao Y. Rosuvastatin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes by Normalizing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Calpain-1 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2579-2590. [PMID: 37881071 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128250494231016065438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosuvastatin contributes to the improvement of vascular complications in diabetes, but the protective mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes. METHODS Calpain-1 knockout (Capn1 EK684-/-) and C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with high glucose in this study. The function of isolated vascular rings, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) indicators were measured in this experiment. RESULTS The results showed that rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg/d) and calpain-1 knockout improved impaired vasodilation in an endothelial-dependent manner, and this effect was abolished by an ERS inducer. Rosuvastatin administration inhibited calpain-1 activation and ERS induced by high glucose, as well as apoptosis and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, an ERS inducer (tunicamycin) offset the beneficial effect of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction and ERS, which was accompanied by increased calpain-1 expression. The ERS inhibitor showed a similar improvement in endothelial dysfunction with rosuvastatin but could not increase the improvement in endothelial function of rosuvastatin. CONCLUSION These results suggested that rosuvastatin improves endothelial dysfunction by suppressing calpain- 1 and normalizing ERS, subsequently decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xinpeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Drugs, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Abozaid OAR, El-Sonbaty SM, Hamam NMA, Farrag MA, Kodous AS. Chitosan-Encapsulated Nano-selenium Targeting TCF7L2, PPARγ, and CAPN10 Genes in Diabetic Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:306-323. [PMID: 35237941 PMCID: PMC9823051 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of chitosan-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. Glibenclamide was used as a reference antidiabetic drug. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were used along the study and divided equally into 6 groups of (I) normal control, (II) chitosan-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles (CTS-SeNPs), (III) glibenclamide, (IV) streptozotocin (STZ), (V) STZ + CTS-SeNPs, and (VI) STZ + Glib. The animals were sacrificed on the 35th day of the experiment. Serum glucose, insulin, IGF-1, ALT, AST, CK-MB, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and inflammatory parameters were subsequently assessed. Also, the expression level of TCF7L2, CAPN10, and PPAR-γ genes were evaluated using qPCR. In addition, histopathological studies on pancreatic tissue were carried out. The results revealed that STZ induced both diabetes and oxidative stress in normal rats, manifested by the significant changes in the studied parameters and in the physical structure of pancreatic tissue. Oral administration of CTS-SeNPs or Glib results in a significant amelioration of the levels of serum fasting blood glucose, insulin, IGF-1, AST, ATL, and CK-MB as compared with STZ-induced diabetic rats. CTS-SeNPs and Glib diminished the level of lipid peroxidation, increased total antioxidant capacity level, as well as possessed strong inhibition against serum α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Diabetic animals received CTS-SeNPs, or Glib demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the expression level of TCF7L2 and CAPN10 genes with a significant increase in the expression level of PPAR-γ gene, compared to STZ group. The above findings clarify the promising antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of CTS-SeNPs, recommending its inclusion in the currently used protocols for the treatment of diabetes and in the prevention of its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma A. R. Abozaid
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M. El-Sonbaty
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neama M. A. Hamam
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Egypt
| | - Moustafa A. Farrag
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S. Kodous
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Chaturvedi P, Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Kalani K, Verma VK, Tyagi SC. Exercise mitigates calpain induced Purkinje cell loss in diabetes. Life Sci 2022; 308:120982. [PMID: 36150460 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calpain-1 is a ubiquitous calcium dependent cysteine protease and found in cytoplasm as well as mitochondria. We have earlier reported that active calpain-1 is translocated from cytosol to mitochondria and activates MMP9. Calpain-1 activation is detrimental to the heart in several different ways, but there is little evidence that it can degrade Purkinje cell protein (PCP-4) and impair contractility in diabetes. Our hypothesis is that in diabetes, PCP-4 is degraded by calpain-1, causing contractile dysfunction that can be mitigated by exercise. To test this hypothesis, we recruited four groups of mice, 1) db/+ control, 2) db/+ with exercise, 3) db/db, 4) db/db with exercise. The mice were exercised on treadmill for 8 weeks as per American Veterinary Research Guidelines. Adding calcium to isolated cardiomyocytes caused them to lose shape and die. Compared with live myocytes, we observed high calpain-1 levels as well as significantly lower levels of PCP-4 and increased levels of calmodulin and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) in dead myocytes. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) plasmid to knock down calpain-1 in HL-1 myocytes which restored the levels of PCP-4 along with calmodulin and CaMKII. In vivo, we found upregulated levels of calpain-1 in db/db mice (diabetic) as compared to db/+ which were mitigated in the exercised mice. Conclusively our data strongly suggests that in diabetes there is high induction of calpain-1 with degrades PCP-4, a protein important for contractility and exercise can mitigate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, U.P., India.
| | - Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Komal Kalani
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology Sciences and Engineering Building, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Vinod K Verma
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, U.P., India
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Li M, Zhou S, Wang G, Qiao L, Yi S, Li T, Pan X, Liu X, Tang Z. Calpain Inhibitor Calpeptin Improves Alzheimer's Disease-Like Cognitive Impairments and Pathologies in a Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1248-1260. [PMID: 36018506 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered an accelerator of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood. Here, we attempted to determine the role and regulatory mechanism of calpain in the AD-like cognitive decline and pathological changes in rats caused by DM. In the initial stages, our results verified that DM model rats showed cognitive impairment, as well as a loss of neurons, decreased pericyte marker (PDGFR-β and α-SMA), and calpain-2 expression and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the hippocampal tissues. In high glucose-induced primary pericytes, the cell apoptotic rate was increased, and cell proliferation was inhibited in a time-dependent manner. The protein level of calpain-2 was also upregulated by HG induction, but the level of calpain-1 did not change with HG treatment, which was also observed in DM model rats. Subsequently, some DM model rats were administered calpeptin, an inhibitor of calpain. Our data revealed that calpeptin treatment significantly suppressed calpain-1 and calpain-2 expression in the hippocampal tissues and effectively improved the cognitive impairments of DM model rats. Neuronal loss, Aβ accumulation, pericyte loss, inflammation, and oxidative stress injury in the hippocampal tissues of DM model rats were also partly rescued by calpeptin administration. Our work demonstrated that the calpain inhibitor calpeptin could alleviate DM-induced AD-like cognitive impairments and pathological changes in rats, and this effect may be associated with pericytes. Calpeptin may become a promising drug to treat the AD-like complications of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Gege Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Luyao Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Shouqin Yi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tianpei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Lu X, Qin L, Guo M, Geng J, Dong S, Wang K, Xu H, Qu C, Miao J, Liu M. A novel alginate from Sargassum seaweed promotes diabetic wound healing by regulating oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119437. [PMID: 35483850 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic skin ulcer is one of the most severe complications in diabetes, however, current therapeutic approaches are not effective enough. Agents modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis are quite promising for alleviation of diabetic skin ulcers. In this study, a novel Sargassum kjellmanianum-derived polysaccharide (SARP) was prepared. SARP was an alginate with Mw of 45.4 kDa, consisting of 76.56% mannuronic acid, 18.89% guluronic acid, and 4.55% glucuronic acid. SARP could attenuate oxidative stress-induced cell damage via activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). SARP also promoted the migration and tube formation of HUVECs, which was related to the increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. In diabetic wound model, SARP (iv, 200 mg/kg) administration increased angiogenesis, alleviated oxidative stress, ameliorated diabetes-related aberrations, and thereby accelerated diabetic wound healing. These findings identified SARP had potential to be developed as a drug candidate for diabetic skin ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiajia Geng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Songtao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Changfeng Qu
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jinlai Miao
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Qingdao 266061, China; Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China..
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Munkhjargal U, Fukuda D, Ganbaatar B, Suto K, Matsuura T, Ise T, Kusunose K, Yamaguchi K, Yagi S, Yamada H, Soeki T, Wakatsuki T, Sata M. A Selective Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic C57BL/6 Mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 30:326-334. [PMID: 35732424 PMCID: PMC10067342 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pharmacological blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) is a potential therapeutic approach to reduce cardiovascular complications since MRs play a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation. Recent studies suggest that MR antagonists affect several extrarenal tissues, including vessel function. We investigated the effect of a novel nonsteroidal selective MR blocker, esaxerenone, on diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin in 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Esaxerenone (3 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle was administered by gavage to diabetic mice for 3 weeks. Metabolic parameters, plasma aldosterone levels, and parameters related to renal function were measured. Endothelium-dependent or -independent vascular responses of the aortic segments were analyzed with acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for the in vitro study. RESULTS Induction of diabetes elevated plasma aldosterone level (P<0.05) and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation (P<0.05). The administration of esaxerenone ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction (P<0.01) without the alteration of metabolic parameters, blood pressure, and renal function. Esaxerenone improved the eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation in the aorta obtained from diabetic mice (P<0.05) compared with that in the vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, a major MR agonist, aldosterone, decreased eNOSSer1177 phosphorylation and increased eNOSThr495 phosphorylation in HUVECs, which recovered with esaxerenone. Esaxerenone ameliorated the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation caused by aldosterone in the aortic segments obtained from C57BL/6 mice (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Esaxerenone attenuates the development of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. These results suggest that esaxerenone has potential vascular protective effects in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uugantsetseg Munkhjargal
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Daiju Fukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Byambasuren Ganbaatar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kumiko Suto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomomi Matsuura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takayuki Ise
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kenya Kusunose
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Hirotsugu Yamada
- Department of Community Medicine for Cardiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Soeki
- Department of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tetsuzo Wakatsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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11
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Miao Z, Miao Z, Teng X, Xu S. Chlorpyrifos triggers epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell pyroptosis via miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127318. [PMID: 34879549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide has caused water pollution, threatening aquatic organisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) highly conserved noncoding RNAs, that regulate various cell death processes, including pyroptosis. To investigate the effect of CPF exposure on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell pyroptosis and the role of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis, we established miR-124 overexpression and inhibition EPC cell models of CPF exposure. The target of the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis was primarily confirmed by the double luciferase reporter assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated to occur in CPF-exposed EPC cells and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential depletion, ROS level elevation and pyroptotic indicator expression upregulation. PD150606 was supplied as a CAPN1 inhibitor, alleviating CPF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and alleviating the increased expression of NLRP3, CASP1, IL1β and GSDMD. In conclusion, CPF induces pyroptosis by regulating the miR-124-3p/CAPN1 axis. This study enriches the cytotoxicity study of CPF, and provides new theoretical fundamentals for exploration of miRNA and its target protein response to water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiruo Miao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Dietary prenylated flavonoid xanthohumol alleviates oxidative damage and accelerates diabetic wound healing via Nrf2 activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 160:112813. [PMID: 34999176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic skin ulcer is one of the most common complications in patients suffering diabetes mellitus. Xanthohumol (XN), a hop-derived prenylated dietary flavonoid, has multiple health beneficial bioactivities. In the present study, we reported XN alleviates oxidative damage and accelerates diabetic wound healing via Nrf2 activation. In vitro, XN attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, cell apoptosis, as well as high glucose-induced cell damage. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that XN could stabilize nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and promote its nuclear translocation, which was associated with AMPKα activation and covalent modification of Keap1 by XN. In vivo, XN increased Nrf2 expression and accelerated diabetic wound healing. Our study revealed a novel function of XN in diabetic wound healing as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, suggesting XN is a promising lead compound and a potential food and/or drug candidate for the treatment of diabetic skin ulcers.
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13
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Mitochondrial calpain-1 activates NLRP3 inflammasome by cleaving ATP5A1 and inducing mitochondrial ROS in CVB3-induced myocarditis. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:40. [PMID: 35997820 PMCID: PMC9399059 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment options for myocarditis are currently limited. Inhibition of calpains has been shown to prevent Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced cardiac injuries, but the underlying mechanism of action of calpains has not been elucidated. We investigated whether NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome participated in CVB3-induced myocarditis, and investigated the effects of calpain-1 on CVB3-induced cardiac injury. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in CVB3-infected hearts, evidenced by elevated protein levels of NLRP3, N-terminal domain of Gasdermin D, and cleaved caspase-1, and the increased co-localization of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein. The intraperitoneal administration of MCC950, a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, led to decreased levels of serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin I, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-18, interleukin-1β, prevention of the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and improvement of cardiac function under CVB3 infection. Transgenic mice overexpressing the endogenous calpain inhibitor calpastatin (Tg-CAST mice) exhibited not only decreased apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and enhanced cardiac function but also inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. The selective inhibition of calpain-1 using PD151746 protected cardiomyocytes in vitro from CVB3 infection by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome and, thus, preserved cell viability. Mechanistically, we showed that mitochondrial dysfunction preceded inflammatory response after CVB3 treatment and elimination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (mito-TEMPO) recapitalized the phenotype observed in Tg-CAST mice. Furthermore, the promotion or inhibition of calpain-1 activation in vitro regulated the mitochondrial respiration chain. Mito-TEMPO reversed calpain-1-mediated NLRP3 inflammation activation and cell death. We also found that mitochondrial calpain-1, which was increased after CVB3 stimulation, activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and resulted in cell death. Furthermore, ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1) was revealed to be the cleaving target of calpain-1 after CVB3 treatment. Downregulating ATP5A1 using ATP5A1-small interfering RNA impaired mitochondrial function, decreased cell viability, and induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, CVB3 infection induced calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria, and led to subsequent ATP5A1 cleavage, mitochondrial ROS overproduction, and impaired mitochondrial function, eventually causing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inducing pyroptosis. Therefore, our findings established the role of calpain in viral myocarditis and unveiled its underlying mechanism of its action. Calpain appears as a promising target for the treatment of viral myocarditis.
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14
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Potz BA, Sabe AA, Sabe SA, Lawandy IJ, Abid MR, Clements RT, Sellke FW. Calpain inhibition decreases myocardial fibrosis in chronically ischemic hypercholesterolemic swine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 163:e11-e27. [PMID: 32359903 PMCID: PMC7529741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calpain activation during ischemia is known to play critical roles in myocardial remodeling. We hypothesize that calpain inhibition (CI) may serve to reverse and/or prevent fibrosis in chronically ischemic myocardium. METHODS Yorkshire swine were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks followed by placement of an ameroid constrictor on the left circumflex artery to induce myocardial ischemia. 3 weeks later, animals received either: no drug; high-cholesterol control group (CON; n = 8); low-dose CI (0.12 mg/kg; LCI, n = 9); or high-dose CI (0.25 mg/kg; HCI, n = 8). The high-cholesterol diet and CI were continued for 5 weeks, after which myocardial tissue was harvested. Tissue samples were analyzed by western blot for changes in protein content. RESULTS In the setting of hypercholesterolemia and chronic myocardial ischemia, CI decreased the expression of collagen in ischemic and nonischemic myocardial tissue. This reduced collagen content was associated with a corresponding decrease in Jak/STAT/MCP-1 signaling pathway, suggesting a role for Jak 2 signaling in calpain activity. CI also decreases the expression of focal adhesion proteins (vinculin) and stabilizes the expression of cytoskeletal and structural proteins (N-cadherin, α-fodrin, desmin, vimentin, filamin, troponin-I). CI had no significant effect on metabolic and hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Calpain inhibition may be a beneficial medical therapy to decrease collagen formation in patients with coronary artery disease and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank W. Sellke
- Dr. Frank W. Sellke, 2 Dudley Street, MOC 360, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Providence, RI 02905, Phone: (401) 444-2732, Fax: (401) 444-2380,
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15
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Ates KM, Estes AJ, Liu Y. Potential underlying genetic associations between keratoconus and diabetes mellitus. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 1:100005. [PMID: 34746916 PMCID: PMC8570550 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2021.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Keratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, characterized by significantly localized thinning of the corneal stroma. Genetic, environmental, hormonal, and metabolic factors contribute to the pathogenesis of KC. Additionally, multiple comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, may affect the risk of KC. Main Body Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported to have lower risk of developing KC by way of increased endogenous collagen crosslinking in response to chronic hyperglycemia. However, this remains a debated topic as other studies have suggested either a positive association or no association between DM and KC. To gain further insight into the underlying genetic components of these two diseases, we reviewed candidate genes associated with KC and central corneal thickness in the literature. We then explored how these genes may be regulated similarly or differentially under hyperglycemic conditions and the role they play in the systemic complications associated with DM. Conclusion Our comprehensive review of potential genetic factors underlying KC and DM provides a direction for future studies to further determine the genetic etiology of KC and how it is influenced by systemic diseases such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M. Ates
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amy J. Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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16
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Guo XW, Zhang H, Huang JQ, Wang SN, Lu Y, Cheng B, Dong SH, Wang YY, Li FS, Li YW. PIEZO1 Ion Channel Mediates Ionizing Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Ferroptosis via Ca 2+/Calpain/VE-Cadherin Signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:725274. [PMID: 34568428 PMCID: PMC8458942 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.725274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial cell dysfunction plays an important role in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced lung injury. Whether pulmonary endothelial cell ferroptosis occurs after IR and what are the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that 15-Gy IR induced ferroptosis characterized by lethal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, mitochondria shrinkage, and decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells. The phenomena could be mimicked by Yoda1, a specific activator of mechanosensitive calcium channel PIEZO1. PIEZO1 protein expression was upregulated by IR in vivo and in vitro. The increased PIEZO1 expression after IR was accompanied with increased calcium influx and increased calpain activity. The effects of radiation on lung endothelial cell ferroptosis was partly reversed by inhibition of PIEZO1 activity using the selective inhibitor GsMTx4 or inhibition of downstreaming Ca2+/calpain signaling using PD151746. Both IR and activation of PIEZO1 led to increased degradation of VE-cadherin, while PD151746 blocked these effects. VE-cadherin knockdown by specific siRNA causes ferroptosis-like phenomena with increased ROS and lipid peroxidation in the lung endothelial cells. Overexpression of VE-cadherin partly recused the ferroptosis caused by IR or PIEZO1 activation as supported by decreased ROS production, lipid peroxidation and mitochondria shrinkage compared to IR or PIEZO1 activation alone. In summary, our study reveals a previously unrecognized role of PIEZO1 in modulating ferroptosis, providing a new target for future mitigation of radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wei Guo
- The Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- The Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center), Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Su-He Dong
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Sheng Li
- Department of Nuclear Radiation Injury and Monitoring, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Wang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
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17
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Uryash A, Mijares A, Flores V, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Effects of Naringin on Cardiomyocytes From a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719268. [PMID: 34497520 PMCID: PMC8419284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary disease in diabetic patients characterized by diastolic dysfunction leading to heart failure and death. Unfortunately, even tight glycemic control has not been effective in its prevention. We have found aberrant diastolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]d), decreased glucose transport, elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased calpain activity in cardiomyocytes from a murine model (db/db) of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiomyocytes from these mice demonstrate significant cell injury, increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and expression of the transcription nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, decreased cell viability, and reduced expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Treatment of T2D mice with the citrus fruit flavonoid naringin for 4 weeks protected cardiomyocytes by reducing diastolic Ca2+ overload, improving glucose transport, lowering reactive oxygen species production, and suppressed myocardial inflammation. In addition, naringin reduced calpain activity, decreased cardiac injury, increased cell viability, and restored the protein expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the KATP channels. Administration of the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide caused a further increase in [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocytes and abolished the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d. Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, and nitric oxide donor drug mimic the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocyte; however, it aggravated the hyperglycemia in T2D mice. These data add new insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of naringin in T2D cardiomyopathy, thus suggesting a novel approach to treating this cardiovascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Uryash
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - A. Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - V. Flores
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. A. Adams
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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18
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Tang Y, Li Y, Yu G, Ling Z, Zhong K, Zilundu PLM, Li W, Fu R, Zhou LH. MicroRNA-137-3p Protects PC12 Cells Against Oxidative Stress by Downregulation of Calpain-2 and nNOS. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1373-1387. [PMID: 32594381 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and insufficient antioxidant defenses contribute to a range of neurodegenerative diseases. High ROS levels damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids, leading to neuron vulnerability and eventual death. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the ROS regulation is not fully elucidated. Recently, an increasing number of studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) emerge as the targets in regulating oxidative stress. We recently reported the neuroprotective effect of miR-137-3p for brachial plexus avulsion-induced motoneuron death. The present study is sought to investigate whether miR-137-3p also could protect PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced neurotoxicity. By using cell viability assay, ROS assay, gene and protein expression assay, we found that PC-12 cells exposed to H2O2 exhibited decreased cell viability, increased expression levels of calpain-2 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), whereas a decreased miR-137-3p expression. Importantly, restoring the miR-137-3p levels in H2O2 exposure robustly inhibited the elevated nNOS, calpain-2 and ROS expression levels, which subsequently improved the cell viability. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of miR-137-3p on the elevated ROS level under oxidative stress was considerably blunted when we mutated the binding site of calpain-2 targted by miR-137-3p, suggesting the critical role of calpain-2 involving the neuroprotective effect of miR-137-3p. Collectively, these findings highlight the neuroprotective role of miR-137-3p through down-regulating calpain and NOS activity, suggesting its potential role for combating oxidative stress insults in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 51900, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Prince L M Zilundu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenfu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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19
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Hyatt HW, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Nguyen BL, Deminice R, Powers SK. Calpains play an essential role in mechanical ventilation-induced diaphragmatic weakness and mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101802. [PMID: 33279868 PMCID: PMC7724197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention for many critically ill patients. Unfortunately, an unintended consequence of prolonged MV is the rapid development of diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, known as ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Although the mechanism(s) responsible for VIDD are not fully understood, abundant evidence reveals that oxidative stress leading to the activation of the major proteolytic systems (i.e., autophagy, ubiquitin-proteasome, caspase, and calpain) plays a dominant role. Of the proteolytic systems involved in VIDD, calpain has received limited experimental attention due to the longstanding dogma that calpain plays a minor role in inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Guided by preliminary experiments, we tested the hypothesis that activation of calpains play an essential role in MV-induced oxidative stress and the development of VIDD. This premise was rigorously tested by transgene overexpression of calpastatin, an endogenous inhibitor of calpains. Animals with/without transfection of the calpastatin gene in diaphragm muscle fibers were exposed to 12 h of MV. Results confirmed that overexpression of calpastatin barred MV-induced activation of calpain in diaphragm fibers. Importantly, deterrence of calpain activation protected the diaphragm against MV-induced oxidative stress, fiber atrophy, and contractile dysfunction. Moreover, prevention of calpain activation in the diaphragm forstalled MV-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and prevented MV-induced activation of caspase-3 along with the transcription of muscle specific E3 ligases. Collectively, these results support the hypothesis that calpain activation plays an essential role in the early development of VIDD. Further, these findings provide the first direct evidence that calpain plays an important function in inactivity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle fibers. Inhibiting calpains during mechanical ventilation protects the diaphragm. Calpains play an important role in muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction. Calpain inhibition during mechanical ventilation prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. Calpain-cleaved molecules may play important signaling roles. Calpain activation cross-talks with other proteolytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden W Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Branden L Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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20
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Targeted inhibition of endothelial calpain delays wound healing by reducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32665543 PMCID: PMC7360547 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multistep phenomenon that relies on complex interactions between various cell types. Calpains are a well-known family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate several processes, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. CAPNS1, the common regulatory subunit of Calpain-1 and 2, is indispensable for catalytic subunit stabilization and activity. Calpain inhibition has been shown to reduce organ damage in various disease models. Here, we report that endothelial calpain-1/2 is crucially involved in skin wound healing. Using a mouse genetic model where Capns1 is deleted only in endothelial cells, we showed that calpain-1/2 disruption is associated with reduced injury-activated inflammation, reduced CD31+ blood vessel density, and delayed wound healing. Moreover, in cultured HUVECs, inhibition of calpain reduced TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Deletion of Capns1 was associated with elevated levels of IκB and downregulation of β-catenin expression in endothelial cells. These observations delineate a novel mechanistic role for calpain in the crosstalk between inflammation and angiogenesis during skin repair.
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21
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Yu Y, Shi H, Yu Y, Liu M, Li M, Liu X, Wang Y, Chen R. Inhibition of calpain alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis through suppressing the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1-mediated and noncanonical caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathways. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1954-1964. [PMID: 32509190 PMCID: PMC7270028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effects of calpain on coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis and to further explore the underlying mechanisms. Transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin, the endogenous calpain inhibitor, were introduced in the present study. The murine model of viral myocarditis (VMC) was established by intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 into transgenic and wild-type mice. Myocardial injury was measured by H&E staining and ELISA for cTnI. CVB3 replication was assessed via capsid protein VP1 detection and virus titration. The fibrotic factors collagen and TGF-β1 were evaluated by Masson staining and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. Moreover, the levels of NLRP3, AIM2, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, cleaved caspase-11 and the pyroptosis indicators GSDMD p30, IL-1β and HMGB1 were determined by real-time PCR, western blot or immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, peripheral IL-1β and HMGB1 were evaluated by ELISA. We observed that CVB3-infected transgenic mice had lower pathological scores, peripheral cTnI levels, viral loads and expression levels of collagen and TGF-β1 in the heart than CVB3-infected wild-type mice. Furthermore, we found decreased levels of NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-11 in the hearts of CVB3-infected transgenic mice. However, after CVB3 infection, the levels of AIM2 in transgenic mice and wild-type mice did not differ significantly. Additionally, calpastatin overexpression significantly reduced the levels of GSDMD p30, IL-1β and HMGB1 in the myocardium as well as peripheral IL-1β and HMGB1. Taken together, these findings indicate that calpain inhibition attenuates CVB3-induced myocarditis by suppressing the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome/caspase-1-mediated and noncanonical caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of General Practice, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
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Protective role of endothelial calpain knockout in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury via attenuation of the p38-iNOS pathway and NO/ROS production. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:702-712. [PMID: 32346126 PMCID: PMC7210976 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of calpain and its signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), animal models of endotoxemia were established by administration of LPS to mice with endothelial-specific Capn4 knockout (TEK/Capn4−/−), mice with calpastatin (an endogenous calpain inhibitor) overexpression (Tg-CAST) and mice with myeloid-specific Capn4 knockout (LYZ/Capn4−/−). Mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) were used as a model of the microvascular endothelium and were stimulated with LPS. Renal function, renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression, cellular apoptosis, plasma and renal levels of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2) were examined. Moreover, a calpain inhibitor, calpastatin overexpression adenoviruses and MAPK inhibitors were used. Significant renal dysfunction was induced by LPS stimulation, and recovery was observed in TEK/Capn4−/− and Tg-CAST mice but not in LYZ/Capn4−/− mice. Endothelial Capn4 knockout also abrogated the LPS-induced increases in renal iNOS expression, caspase-3 activity and apoptosis and plasma and renal NO and ROS levels but did not obviously affect renal eNOS expression. Moreover, LPS increased both calpain and caspase-3 activity, and only the expression of iNOS in PMECs was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Inhibiting calpain activity or p38 phosphorylation alleviated the increased iNOS expression, NO/ROS production, and cellular apoptosis induced by LPS. These results suggest that endothelial calpain plays a protective role in LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, thus attenuating iNOS expression and further decreasing NO and ROS overproduction-induced endothelial apoptosis. Therapies that inhibit the enzyme calpain could alleviate the effects of acute kidney injury according to researchers in China and Canada. Acute kidney injury is induced by endotoxemia, in which changes in the permeability of the intestine allow lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to pass from gut bacteria into the bloodstream. Calpain is known to be active during this process. Zhifeng Liu at the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and co-workers induced endotoxemia in various mouse models by injecting them with LPS. The LPS induced significant kidney dysfunction and cell death, but these were alleviated in mice that were genetically modified to block calpain activity in the blood vessel lining, and in mice that overexpressed calpastatin, a calpain inhibitor. Blocking calpain reduces the expression of nitric oxide synthases that damage endothelial cells.
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23
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Duong P, Tenkorang MAA, Trieu J, McCuiston C, Rybalchenko N, Cunningham RL. Neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes of androgens and estrogens in an oxidative stress environment. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:12. [PMID: 32223745 PMCID: PMC7104511 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-0283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of sex hormones on cellular function is unclear. Studies show androgens and estrogens are protective in the CNS, whereas other studies found no effects or damaging effects. Furthermore, sex differences have been observed in multiple oxidative stress-associated CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and Parkinson's disease. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between sex hormones (i.e., androgens and estrogens) and oxidative stress on cell viability. METHODS N27 and PC12 neuronal and C6 glial phenotypic cell lines were used. N27 cells are female rat derived, whereas PC12 cells and C6 cells are male rat derived. These cells express estrogen receptors and the membrane-associated androgen receptor variant, AR45, but not the full-length androgen receptor. N27, PC12, and C6 cells were exposed to sex hormones either before or after an oxidative stressor to examine neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties, respectively. Estrogen receptor and androgen receptor inhibitors were used to determine the mechanisms mediating hormone-oxidative stress interactions on cell viability. Since the presence of AR45 in the human brain tissue was unknown, we examined the postmortem brain tissue from men and women for AR45 protein expression. RESULTS Neither androgens nor estrogens were protective against subsequent oxidative stress insults in glial cells. However, these hormones exhibited neuroprotective properties in neuronal N27 and PC12 cells via the estrogen receptor. Interestingly, a window of opportunity exists for sex hormone neuroprotection, wherein temporary hormone deprivation blocked neuroprotection by sex hormones. However, if sex hormones are applied following an oxidative stressor, they exacerbated oxidative stress-induced cell loss in neuronal and glial cells. CONCLUSIONS Sex hormone action on cell viability is dependent on the cellular environment. In healthy neuronal cells, sex hormones are protective against oxidative stress insults via the estrogen receptor, regardless of sex chromosome complement (XX, XY). However, in unhealthy (e.g., high oxidative stress) cells, sex hormones exacerbated oxidative stress-induced cell loss, regardless of cell type or sex chromosome complement. The non-genomic AR45 receptor, which is present in humans, mediated androgen's damaging effects, but it is unknown which receptor mediated estrogen's damaging effects. These differential effects of sex hormones that are dependent on the cellular environment, receptor profile, and cell type may mediate the observed sex differences in oxidative stress-associated CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Duong
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Mavis A A Tenkorang
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jenny Trieu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Clayton McCuiston
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Nataliya Rybalchenko
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3400 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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24
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Ward DB, Brown KC, Valentovic MA. Radiocontrast Agent Diatrizoic Acid Induces Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress via Calcium Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174074. [PMID: 31438500 PMCID: PMC6747199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is the third most common cause of hospital associated kidney damage. Potential mechanisms of CI-AKI may involve diminished renal hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and direct cytotoxicity. The hypothesis for this study is that diatrizoic acid (DA) induces direct cytotoxicity to human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells via calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. HK-2 cells were exposed to 0–30 mg I/mL DA or vehicle for 2–24 h. Conversion of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and trypan blue exclusion indicated a decrease in mitochondrial and cell viability within 2 and 24 h, respectively. Mitochondrial dysfunction was apparent within 8 h post exposure to 15 mg I/mL DA as shown by Seahorse XF cell mito and Glycolysis Stress tests. Mitophagy was increased at 8 h by 15 mg I/mL DA as confirmed by elevated LC3BII/I expression ratio. HK-2 cells pretreated with calcium level modulators BAPTA-AM, EGTA, or 2-aminophenyl borinate abrogated DA-induced mitochondrial damage. DA increased oxidative stress biomarkers of protein carbonylation and 4-hydroxynonenol (4HNE) adduct formation. Caspase 3 and 12 activation was induced by DA compared to vehicle at 24 h. These studies indicate that clinically relevant concentrations of DA impair HK-2 cells by dysregulating calcium, inducing mitochondrial turnover and oxidative stress, and activating apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota B Ward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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25
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Li H, Chen LP, Wang T, Wang SG, Liu JH. Calpain inhibition improves erectile function in diabetic mice via upregulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and reducing apoptosis. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:342-348. [PMID: 29319007 PMCID: PMC6038160 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_63_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain activation contributes to hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. This study was designed to investigate the role of calpain inhibition in improving diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) in mice. Thirty-eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) nondiabetic control group, (2) diabetic mice + vehicle group, and (3) diabetic mice + MDL28170 (an inhibitor of calpain) group. Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 60 mg kg−1 body weight for 5 consecutive days. Thirteen weeks later, diabetic mice were treated with MDL28170 or vehicle for 4 weeks. The erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve. Penile tissues were collected for measurement of calpain activity and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. Caspase-3 expression and activity were also measured to determine apoptosis. Our results showed that erectile function was enhanced by MDL28170 treatment in diabetic mice compared with the vehicle diabetic group. No differences in calpain-1 and calpain-2 expressions were observed among the three groups. However, calpain activity was increased in the diabetic group and reduced by MDL28170. The eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway was upregulated by MDL28170 treatment in diabetic mice. Additionally, MDL28170 could attenuate apoptosis and increase the endothelium and smooth muscle levels in corpus cavernosum. Inhibition of calpain could improve erectile function, probably by upregulating the eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shao-Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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26
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Nie Q, Zhu L, Zhang L, Leng B, Wang H. Astragaloside IV protects against hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting oxidative stress and Calpain-1 activation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116662. [PMID: 31323271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular endothelial cells act as a selective barrier between circulating blood and vessel wall and play an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Astragaloside IV (As-IV) has a protective effect on vascular endothelial cells, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of As-IV on endothelial dysfunction (ED). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) were injected intraperitoneally with 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes and then administered orally with As-IV (40, 80 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Vascular function was evaluated by vascular reactivity in vivo and in vitro. The expression of calpain-1 and eNOS in the aorta of diabetic rats was examined by western blot. NO production was measured using nitrate reductase method. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring SOD, GSH-px and ROS. RESULTS Our results showed that As-IV administration significantly improved diabetes associated ED in vivo, and both NAC (an antioxidant) and MDL-28170 (calpain-1 inhibitor) significantly attenuated hyperglycemia-induced ED in vitro. Meanwhile, pretreatment with the inhibitor l-NAME nearly abolished vasodilation to ACh in all groups of rats. Furthermore, As-IV increased NO production and the expression of eNOS in the thoracic aorta of diabetic rats. In addition, the levels of ROS were significantly increased, and the activity of SOD and GSH-px were decreased in diabetic rats, while As-IV administration reversed this change in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results suggest that As-IV improves endothelial dysfunction in thoracic aortas from diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and calpain-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Bin Leng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Liu Q, Han Q, Lu M, Wang H, Tang F. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, inhibits calpain-1 expression and inhibits NF-κB activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:509-516. [PMID: 31258688 PMCID: PMC6566019 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the key structural changes that occurs in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have indicated that the activation of NF-κB by calpain-1, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, serves an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 30 and 60 mg/kg Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) treatment, the major active ingredient extracted from Lycium barbarum, on cardiac hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In addition, the present study examined the possible underlying mechanisms of this effect by assessing calpain-1 expression and the NF-κB pathway. The mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of calpain-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in the heart tissue. The results revealed that compared with non-diabetic rats, diabetic rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was defined by the following: Dysfunction of the cardiac hemodynamics, an increase in the ratios of left ventricular weight/body weight and heart weight/body weight and the increased expressions of ANP and BNP, which serve as hypertrophic markers in cardiac tissue. However, all of these changes were attenuated in diabetic rats treated with LBP. In addition, the protein expression of calpain-1 was increased in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared with that of non-diabetic rats, where it was inhibited by LBP. LBP also decreased the protein expression of certain inflammatory mediators, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and TLR-4 in diabetic heart tissue. Furthermore, LBP treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, upregulated the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and downregulated the protein expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase. Additionally, LBP increased the protein expression of p65, the subunit of NF-κB and inhibitory protein кB-α in the cytoplasm and reduced p65 expression in the nucleus. In conclusion, LBP improves cardiac hypertrophy, inhibits the expression of calpain-1 and inhibits the activation of NF-κB in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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28
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Teng X, Ji C, Zhong H, Zheng D, Ni R, Hill DJ, Xiong S, Fan GC, Greer PA, Shen Z, Peng T. Selective deletion of endothelial cell calpain in mice reduces diabetic cardiomyopathy by improving angiogenesis. Diabetologia 2019; 62:860-872. [PMID: 30778623 PMCID: PMC6702672 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The role of non-cardiomyocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been fully addressed. This study investigated whether endothelial cell calpain plays a role in myocardial endothelial injury and microvascular rarefaction in diabetes, thereby contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Endothelial cell-specific Capns1-knockout (KO) mice were generated. Conditions mimicking prediabetes and type 1 and type 2 diabetes were induced in these KO mice and their wild-type littermates. Myocardial function and coronary flow reserve were assessed by echocardiography. Histological analyses were performed to determine capillary density, cardiomyocyte size and fibrosis in the heart. Isolated aortas were assayed for neovascularisation. Cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells were stimulated with high palmitate. Angiogenesis and apoptosis were analysed. RESULTS Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Capns1 disrupted calpain 1 and calpain 2 in endothelial cells, reduced cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy, and alleviated myocardial dysfunction in mouse models of diabetes without significantly affecting systemic metabolic variables. These protective effects of calpain disruption in endothelial cells were associated with an increase in myocardial capillary density (wild-type vs Capns1-KO 3646.14 ± 423.51 vs 4708.7 ± 417.93 capillary number/high-power field in prediabetes, 2999.36 ± 854.77 vs 4579.22 ± 672.56 capillary number/high-power field in type 2 diabetes and 2364.87 ± 249.57 vs 3014.63 ± 215.46 capillary number/high-power field in type 1 diabetes) and coronary flow reserve. Ex vivo analysis of neovascularisation revealed more endothelial cell sprouts from aortic rings of prediabetic and diabetic Capns1-KO mice compared with their wild-type littermates. In cultured cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, inhibition of calpain improved angiogenesis and prevented apoptosis under metabolic stress. Mechanistically, deletion of Capns1 elevated the protein levels of β-catenin in endothelial cells of Capns1-KO mice and constitutive activity of calpain 2 suppressed β-catenin protein expression in cultured endothelial cells. Upregulation of β-catenin promoted angiogenesis and inhibited apoptosis whereas knockdown of β-catenin offset the protective effects of calpain inhibition in endothelial cells under metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results delineate a primary role of calpain in inducing cardiac endothelial cell injury and impairing neovascularisation via suppression of β-catenin, thereby promoting diabetic cardiomyopathy, and indicate that calpain is a promising therapeutic target to prevent diabetic cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Teng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Chen Ji
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiting Zhong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dong Zheng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Rui Ni
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, VRL 6th Floor, A6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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29
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Zhu L, Gong L, Yang T, Xiao X. Calpastatin Mediates Development of Alzheimer's Disease in Diabetes. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:1051-1059. [PMID: 30909245 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aged people have a high chance to develop two prevalent diseases, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are characterized with hyperglycemia and neurodegeneration, respectively. Interestingly, recent evidence suggest that diabetes is a predisposing factor for AD. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the association of diabetes with AD remain poorly defined. Here, we studied the effects of diabetes on AD in mice. The APP-PS1 mouse, an AD-prone strain, was administrated with streptozotocin (STZ) to destroy 75% beta cell mass to induce sustained hyperglycemia. We found that STZ-treated APP-PS1 mice exhibited poorer performance in the social recognition test, Morris water maze, and plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, compared to saline-treated normoglycemic APP-PS1 mice, likely resulting from increases in brain deposition of amyloid-β peptide aggregates (Aβ). Since formation of Aβ is known to be induced by protein hyperphosphorylation mediated by calpain (CAPN)-induced cleavage of p35 into p25, we examined levels of these proteins in mouse brain. We detected not only increased p35-to-p25 conversion, but also enhanced CAPN1 activity via increased protein but not mRNA levels. The internal CAPN1 inhibitor, calpastatin (CAST), was downregulated in STZ-treated APP-PS1 mouse brain, as a basis for the increase in CAPN1. In vitro, a human neuronal cell line, HCN-2, increased CAPN1 activity and downregulated CAST levels when incubated for 8 days in high glucose level, resulting in increased cell apoptosis. Together, these data suggest that chronic hyperglycemia may promote AD development through downregulating CAST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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30
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Bhattacharya S, Maji U, Khan GA, Das R, Sinha AK, Ghosh C, Maiti S. Antidiabetic role of a novel protein from garlic via NO in expression of Glut-4/insulin in liver of alloxan induced diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1302-1314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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31
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Randriamboavonjy V, Kyselova A, Fleming I. Redox Regulation of Calpains: Consequences on Vascular Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1011-1026. [PMID: 30266074 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Calpains (CAPNs) are a family of calcium-activated cysteine proteases. The ubiquitous isoforms CAPN1 and CAPN2 have been involved in the maintenance of vascular integrity, but uncontrolled CAPN activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Recent Advances: It is well accepted that chronic and acute overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with the development of vascular diseases. There is increasing evidence that ROS can also affect the CAPN activity, suggesting CAPN as a potential link between oxidative stress and vascular disease. CRITICAL ISSUES The physiopathological relevance of ROS in regulating the CAPN activity is not fully understood but seems to involve direct effects on CAPNs, redox modifications of CAPN substrates, as well as indirect effect on CAPNs via changes in Ca2+ levels. Finally, CAPNs can also stimulate ROS production; however, data showing in which context ROS are the causes or the consequences of CAPN activation are missing. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Detailed characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the different members of the CAPN system by specific ROS would help understanding the pathophysiological role of CAPN in the modulation of the vascular function. Moreover, given that CAPNs have been found in different cellular compartments such as mitochondria and nucleus as well as in the extracellular space, identification of new CAPN targets as well as their functional consequences would add new insights in the function of these enigmatic proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voahanginirina Randriamboavonjy
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kyselova
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- 1 Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,2 German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ong SB, Lee WH, Shao NY, Ismail NI, Katwadi K, Lim MM, Kwek XY, Michel NA, Li J, Newson J, Tahmasebi S, Rehman J, Kodo K, Jang HR, Ong SG. Calpain Inhibition Restores Autophagy and Prevents Mitochondrial Fragmentation in a Human iPSC Model of Diabetic Endotheliopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:597-610. [PMID: 30799273 PMCID: PMC6411483 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes and endothelial dysfunction remains unclear, particularly the association with pathological activation of calpain, an intracellular cysteine protease. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) to investigate the effects of diabetes on vascular health. Our results indicate that iPSC-ECs exposed to hyperglycemia had impaired autophagy, increased mitochondria fragmentation, and was associated with increased calpain activity. In addition, hyperglycemic iPSC-ECs had increased susceptibility to cell death when subjected to a secondary insult-simulated ischemia-reperfusion injury (sIRI). Importantly, calpain inhibition restored autophagy and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation, concurrent with maintenance of ATP production, normalized reactive oxygen species levels and reduced susceptibility to sIRI. Using a human iPSC model of diabetic endotheliopathy, we demonstrated that restoration of autophagy and prevention of mitochondrial fragmentation via calpain inhibition improves vascular integrity. Our human iPSC-EC model thus represents a valuable platform to explore biological mechanisms and new treatments for diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Bing Ong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nur Izzah Ismail
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khairunnisa Katwadi
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mim-Mim Lim
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Nathaly Anto Michel
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiajun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jordan Newson
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soroush Tahmasebi
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351 Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Mechanisms of I/R-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilator Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2017; 81:331-364. [PMID: 29310801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces leukocyte/endothelial cell adhesive interactions (LECA) in postcapillary venules and impaired endothelium-dependent, NO-mediated dilatory responses (EDD) in upstream arterioles. A large body of evidence has implicated reactive oxygen species, adherent leukocytes, and proteases in postischemic EDD dysfunction in conduit arteries. However, arterioles represent the major site for the regulation of vascular resistance but have received less attention with regard to the mechanisms underlying their reduced responsiveness to EDD stimuli in I/R. Even though leukocytes do not roll along, adhere to, or emigrate across arteriolar endothelium in postischemic intestine, recent work indicates that I/R-induced venular LECA is causally linked to EDD in arterioles. An emerging body of evidence suggests that I/R-induced EDD in arterioles occurs by a mechanism that is triggered by LECA in postcapillary venules and involves the formation of signals in the interstitium elicited by the proteolytic activity of emigrated leukocytes. This activity releases matricryptins from or exposes matricryptic sites in the extracellular matrix that interact with the integrin αvβ3 to induce mast cell chymase-dependent formation of angiotensin II (Ang II). Subsequent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase by Ang II leads to the formation of oxidants which inactivate NO and leads to eNOS uncoupling, resulting in arteriolar EDD dysfunction. This work establishes new links between LECA in postcapillary venules, signals generated in the interstitium by emigrated leukocytes, mast cell degranulation, and impaired EDD in upstream arterioles. These fundamentally important findings have enormous implications for our understanding of blood flow dysregulation in conditions characterized by I/R.
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Chocry M, Leloup L, Kovacic H. Reversion of resistance to oxaliplatin by inhibition of p38 MAPK in colorectal cancer cell lines: involvement of the calpain / Nox1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103710-103730. [PMID: 29262595 PMCID: PMC5732761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a major treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, however its effectiveness is greatly diminished by the development of resistances. Our previous work has shown that oxaliplatin efficacy depends on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Nox1. In this report, we investigated Nox1 involvement in the survival mechanisms of oxaliplatin resistant cell lines that we have selected. Our results show that basal ROS production by Nox1 is increased in resistant cells. Whereas the transitory Nox1-dependent production of superoxide contributes to the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in sensitive cells, oxaliplatin treatment of resistant cells leads to a decrease in the production of superoxide associated with an increase of H2O2 and a decreased cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin. We have shown that calpains regulate differently Nox1 according to the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin. In sensitive cells, calpains inhibit Nox1 by cleaving NoxA1 leading to a transient ROS production necessary for oxaliplatin cytotoxic effects. In contrast, in resistant cells calpain activation is associated with an increase of Nox1 activity through Src kinases, inducing a strong and maintained ROS production responsible for cell survival. Using a kinomic study we have shown that this overactivation of Nox1 results in an increase of p38 MAPK activity allowing the resistant cells to escape apoptosis. Our results show that the modulation of Nox1 activity in the context of anticancer treatment remains complex. However, a strategy to maximize Nox1 activation while inhibiting the p38 MAPK-dependent escape routes appears to be an option of choice to optimize oxaliplatin efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chocry
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Ludovic Leloup
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
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Miyazaki T, Miyazaki A. Dysregulation of Calpain Proteolytic Systems Underlies Degenerative Vascular Disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 25:1-15. [PMID: 28819082 PMCID: PMC5770219 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, diabetic angiopathy/retinopathy as well as fibrotic and proliferative vascular diseases are generally complicated by the progression of degenerative insults, which are characterized by endothelial dysfunction, apoptotic/necrotic cell death in vascular/immune cells, remodeling of extracellular matrix or breakdown of elastic lamella. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional calpain proteolytic systems and defective calpain protein metabolism in blood vessels contribute to degenerative disorders. In vascular endothelial cells, the overactivation of conventional calpains consisting of calpain-1 and -2 isozymes can lead to the disorganization of cell-cell junctions, dysfunction of nitric oxide synthase, sensitization of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription cascades and depletion of prostaglandin I2, which contributes to degenerative disorders. In addition to endothelial cell dysfunctions, calpain overactivation results in inflammatory insults in macrophages and excessive fibrogenic/proliferative signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, calpain-6, a non-proteolytic unconventional calpain, is involved in the conversion of macrophages to a pro-atherogenic phenotype, leading to the pinocytotic deposition of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the cells. Here, we discuss the recent progress that has been made in our understanding of how calpain contributes to degenerative vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Akira Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine
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Bhattacharya S, Khan MM, Ghosh C, Bank S, Maiti S. The role of Dermcidin isoform-2 in the occurrence and severity of Diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8252. [PMID: 28811499 PMCID: PMC5557962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is now epidemic worldwide. Several hundred-million peoples are presently suffering from this disease with other secondary-disorders. Stress, hypertension, sedentary life-style, carbohydrate/lipid metabolic-disorders due to genetic or environmental factors attributes to type-1 and/or type-2 diabetes. Present investigation demonstrates that stress-induced protein dermcidin isoform-2 (DCN-2) which appears in the serum of diabetic-patients play a key-role in this disease pathogenesis/severity. DCN-2 suppresses insulin production-release from liver/pancreas. It also increases the insulin-resistance. Stress-induction at the onset/progression of this disease is noticed as the high-level of lipid peroxides/low-level of free-thiols in association with increase of inflammatory-markers c-reactive protein and TNF-α. DCN-2 induced decrease in the synthesis of glucose-activated nitric oxide synthase (GANOS) and lower production of NO in liver has been shown here where NO is demonstrated to lower the expression of glucose trabsporter-4 (GLUT-4) and its translocation on liver membrane surface. This finally impairs glucose transport to organs from the extracellular fluid. Low level of glucose uptake further decreases glucose-induced insulin synthesis. The central role of DCN-2 has been demonstrated in type-1/type-2 diabetic individuals, in rodent hepatocytes and pancreatic-cell, tissue-slices, in-vitro and in-vivo experimental model. It can be concluded that stress-induced decrease in insulin synthesis/function, glucose transport is an interactive consequence of oxidative threats and inflammatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhattacharya
- Sinha Institute of Medical Science and Technology, West Bengal, India.,PG Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Mobidullah Khan
- PG Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandradipa Ghosh
- Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarbashri Bank
- Sinha Institute of Medical Science and Technology, West Bengal, India.,PG Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- PG Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.
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Rho-kinase and the nitric oxide pathway modulate basilar arterial reactivity to acetylcholine and angiotensin II in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:929-938. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Calpain-1 resident in lipid raft/caveolin-1 membrane microdomains plays a protective role in endothelial cells. Biochimie 2017; 133:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yang X, Yin M, Yu L, Lu M, Wang H, Tang F, Zhang Y. Simvastatin inhibited oxLDL-induced proatherogenic effects through calpain-1–PPARγ–CD36 pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1336-1343. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, inhibits atherosclerosis in rats. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of simvastatin on mouse peritoneal macrophage foam cell formation, the early feature of atherosclerosis, and explore its mechanisms. The results showed that simvastatin decreased cholesterol content and DiI–oxLDL (1,1′-didodecyl 3,3,3′,3′-indocarbocyanine perchlorate – oxidized low-density lipoprotein) uptake, reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the medium, down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of CD36 (a fatty acid receptor), and reduced the mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), TNF-α, and IL-6 in macrophages treated with oxLDL. However, PPARγ agonist troglitazone partly abolished the effects of simvastatin on foam cells. In addition, simvastatin reduced the protein expression of calpain-1, a Ca2+-sensitive cysteine protease, in oxLDL-treated macrophages. Furthermore, PD150606, a specific calpain inhibitor, reduced mRNA expressions of PPARγ and CD36 in macrophages treated with oxLDL. Combination of simvastatin and PD150606 had no further effect on mRNA expression of PPARγ and CD36 compared with either alone. However, over-expression of calpain-1 in macrophages partly reversed the simvastatin effects, including cell cholesterol content, mRNA expressions of PPARγ, and CD36. The results suggested that simvastatin inhibits foam cell formation of oxLDL-treated macrophages through a calpain-1–PPARγ–CD36 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Departments, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
- Central Hospital of Yingkou Development Areas, Yingkou, 115007, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Departments, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China
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Ji J, Su L, Liu Z. Critical role of calpain in inflammation. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:647-652. [PMID: 28101338 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of cysteine proteases, implicated in a wide range of cellular calcium-regulated functions. Evidence from previous studies using an inhibitor of calpain indicates that calpain activation is involved in the process of numerous inflammation-associated diseases. As a result of in-depth studies, calpains have been proposed to influence the process of inflammation via a variety of mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to provide an overview of recent reports regarding the role of calpain in the process of inflammation, including regulation of immune cell migration, modulation of the activation of inflammatory mediators, degradation of certain associated proteins and induction of cell apoptosis. Understanding these mechanisms may contribute to the investigation of novel therapeutic targets for inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China; Graduate School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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The inhibition of calpains ameliorates vascular restenosis through MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29975. [PMID: 27453531 PMCID: PMC4958998 DOI: 10.1038/srep29975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Restenosis limits the efficacy of vascular percutaneous intervention, in which vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and activation of inflammation are two primary causal factors. Calpains influence VSMC proliferation and collagen synthesis. However, the roles of calpastatin and calpains in vascular restenosis remain unclear. Here, restenosis was induced by ligating the left carotid artery, and VSMCs were pretreated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. Adenovirus vector carrying MMP2 sequence and specific small interfering RNA against calpain-1/2 were introduced. Finally, restenosis enhanced the expression of calpain-1/2, but reduced calpastatin content. In calpastatin transgenic mice, lumen narrowing was attenuated gradually and peaked on days 14-21. Cell proliferation and migration as well as collagen synthesis were inhibited in transgenic mice, and expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Consistently, in VSMCs pretreated with PDGF-BB, calpastatin induction and calpains inhibition suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and collagen synthesis, and reduced expression of calpain-1/2 and MMP2/TGF-β1. Moreover, simvastatin improved restenosis indicators by suppressing the HIF-1α/calpains/MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway. However, MMP2 supplementation eliminated the vascular protection of calpastatin induction and simvastatin. Collectively, calpains inhibition plays crucial roles in vascular restenosis by preventing neointimal hyperplasia at the early stage via suppression of the MMP2/TGF-β1 pathway.
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Balaguru UM, Sundaresan L, Manivannan J, Majunathan R, Mani K, Swaminathan A, Venkatesan S, Kasiviswanathan D, Chatterjee S. Disturbed flow mediated modulation of shear forces on endothelial plane: A proposed model for studying endothelium around atherosclerotic plaques. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27304. [PMID: 27255968 PMCID: PMC4891674 DOI: 10.1038/srep27304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbed fluid flow or modulated shear stress is associated with vascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm. In vitro simulation of the fluid flow around the plaque micro-environment remains a challenging approach. Currently available models have limitations such as complications in protocols, high cost, incompetence of co-culture and not being suitable for massive expression studies. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a simple, versatile model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. Current observations of CFD have shown the regions of modulated shear stress by the disturbed fluid flow. To execute and validate the model in real sense, cell morphology, cytoskeletal arrangement, cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) profile, nitric oxide production and disturbed flow markers under the above condition were assessed. Endothelium at disturbed flow region which had been exposed to low shear stress and swirling flow pattern showed morphological and expression similarities with the pathological disturbed flow environment reported previously. Altogether, the proposed model can serve as a platform to simulate the real time micro-environment of disturbed flow associated with eccentric plaque shapes and the possibilities of studying its downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Balaguru
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Reji Majunathan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnapriya Mani
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Akila Swaminathan
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT campus of Anna University, Chennai, India.,Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Cheng F, Lan J, Xia W, Tu C, Chen B, Li S, Pan W. Folic Acid Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Caused by Hypoxia via the Inhibition of ERK1/2/NOX4/ROS Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:205-11. [PMID: 26906511 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, in which vascular endothelial dysfunction plays an important role. Hypoxia leads to the inflammation and oxidative stress in endothelial cells, which results in the endothelial injury. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of folic acid on hypoxia-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell counting Kit was used to detect cell survival rate, and apoptotic cells were detected by Hoechst 33258 staining. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate staining. Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of extracellular signal protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), NOX4 subunit of NAPDH and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Folic acid significantly increased the cell survival rate and decreased the apoptosis of HUVECs treated with folic acid compared with hypoxia-treated HUVEC. Folic acid also decreased ROS level, while it increased the nitrite content in HUVECs. In addition, folic acid decreased protein expressions of NOX4 and p-ERK1/2, while it increased the protein expression of eNOS in HUVECs. Furthermore, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), the antioxidant, had similar effect on the cell survival rate and the apoptosis. In addition, DPI (NOX4 inhibitor) and U0126 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) rather than NAC decreased the protein expression of NOX4. NAC, DPI, and U0126 increased the protein expression of eNOS. Furthermore, U0126 rather than DPI and NAC decreased the protein expression of p-ERK1/2. Taken together, the results suggested that hypoxia decreased the cell survival rate and induced apoptosis via ERK1/2/NOX4/ROS pathway, which could be the target of folic acid in protecting the HUVECs from injury caused by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China
| | - Benfa Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China
| | - Weibiao Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, No. 1 Xianglong Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, China.
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Ni R, Zheng D, Xiong S, Hill DJ, Sun T, Gardiner RB, Fan GC, Lu Y, Abel ED, Greer PA, Peng T. Mitochondrial Calpain-1 Disrupts ATP Synthase and Induces Superoxide Generation in Type 1 Diabetic Hearts: A Novel Mechanism Contributing to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2016; 65:255-68. [PMID: 26470784 PMCID: PMC4686953 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calpain plays a critical role in cardiomyopathic changes in type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study investigated how calpain regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. T1D was induced in transgenic mice overexpressing calpastatin, in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific capn4 deletion, or in their wild-type littermates by injection of streptozotocin. Calpain-1 protein and activity in mitochondria were elevated in diabetic mouse hearts. The increased mitochondrial calpain-1 was associated with an increase in mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage and a reduction in ATP synthase-α (ATP5A1) protein and ATP synthase activity. Genetic inhibition of calpain or upregulation of ATP5A1 increased ATP5A1 and ATP synthase activity, prevented mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative damage, and reduced cardiomyopathic changes in diabetic mice. High glucose concentration induced ATP synthase disruption, mitochondrial superoxide generation, and cell death in cardiomyocytes, all of which were prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted calpastatin or ATP5A1. Moreover, upregulation of calpain-1 specifically in mitochondria induced the cleavage of ATP5A1, superoxide generation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In summary, calpain-1 accumulation in mitochondria disrupts ATP synthase and induces ROS generation, which promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for and may have significant implications in diabetic cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ni
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Zheng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sidong Xiong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard B Gardiner
- Department of Biology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China Department of Medicine, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada Department of Pathology, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Potz BA, Abid MR, Sellke FW. Role of Calpain in Pathogenesis of Human Disease Processes. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2016; 2:e218. [PMID: 27747292 PMCID: PMC5065022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calpains are a 15-member class of calcium activated nonlysosomal neutral proteases which are involved in a broad range of cellular function. Calpains are usually localized to the cytosol and within mitochondria. Calpastatin is an endogenous protein that specifically binds to and inhibits calpain. Overactivation of calpain has been implicated in a number of disease processes of the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, pancreas, kidneys, vascular system and skeletal muscle. Therefore, calpain may serve as a potential therapeutic target for a wide variety of disease processes. This review briefly outlines the current literature regarding the involvement of calpain overactivation in the pathogenesis of almost every organ in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank W. Sellke
- Corresponding Author. Frank W Sellke, M.D., Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University, 2 Dudley Street MOC 360, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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Zhao JF, Shyue SK, Lee TS. Excess Nitric Oxide Activates TRPV1-Ca(2+)-Calpain Signaling and Promotes PEST-dependent Degradation of Liver X Receptor α. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:18-29. [PMID: 26722214 PMCID: PMC4679395 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess nitric oxide (NO) deregulates cholesterol metabolism in macrophage foam cells, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is incompletely understood. To investigate the mechanism, we found that in macrophages, treatment with NO donors S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) or diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide induced LXRα degradation and reduced the expression of the downstream target of LXRα, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and cholesterol efflux. In addition, SNAP induced calcium (Ca2+) influx into cells, increased calpain activity and promoted the formation of calpain-LXRα complex. Pharmacological inhibition of calpain activity reversed the SNAP-induced degradation of LXRα, down-regulation of ABCA1 and impairment of cholesterol efflux in macrophages. SNAP increased the formation of calpain-LXRα complex in a Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr (PEST) motif-dependent manner. Truncation of the PEST motif in LXRα abolished the calpain-dependent proteolysis. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ by EGTA or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 channel activity diminished SNAP-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+, calpain activation, LXRα degradation, ABCA1 down-regulation and impaired cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, excess NO may activate calpain via TRPV1-Ca2+ signaling and promote the recognition of calpain in the PEST motif of LXRα, thereby leading to degradation of LXRα and, ultimately, downregulated ABCA1 expression and impaired ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Feng Zhao
- 1. Department of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- 2. Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shyuan Lee
- 1. Department of Physiology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. ; 3. Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
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Silva MAB, Bruder-Nascimento T, Cau SBA, Lopes RAM, Mestriner FLAC, Fais RS, Touyz RM, Tostes RC. Spironolactone treatment attenuates vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice by decreasing oxidative stress and restoring NO/GC signaling. Front Physiol 2015; 6:269. [PMID: 26500555 PMCID: PMC4593519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (DM2) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Aldosterone, which has pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system, is positively regulated in DM2. We assessed whether blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) with spironolactone decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated vascular dysfunction and improves vascular nitric oxide (NO) signaling in diabetes. Leptin receptor knockout [LepR(db)/LepR(db) (db/db)] mice, a model of DM2, and their counterpart controls [LepR(db)/LepR(+), (db/+) mice] received spironolactone (50 mg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle (ethanol 1%) via oral per gavage for 6 weeks. Spironolactone treatment abolished endothelial dysfunction and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (Ser(1177)) in arteries from db/db mice, determined by acetylcholine-induced relaxation and Western Blot analysis, respectively. MR antagonist therapy also abrogated augmented ROS-generation in aorta from diabetic mice, determined by lucigenin luminescence assay. Spironolactone treatment increased superoxide dismutase-1 and catalase expression, improved sodium nitroprusside and BAY 41-2272-induced relaxation, and increased soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) β subunit expression in arteries from db/db mice. Our results demonstrate that spironolactone decreases diabetes-associated vascular oxidative stress and prevents vascular dysfunction through processes involving increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and sGC. These findings further elucidate redox-sensitive mechanisms whereby spironolactone protects against vascular injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcondes A B Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stefany B A Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rheure A M Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiola L A C Mestriner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Fais
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Kharatmal SB, Singh JN, Sharma SS. Calpain inhibitor, MDL 28170 confer electrophysiological, nociceptive and biochemical improvement in diabetic neuropathy. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:113-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bruder-Nascimento T, Callera GE, Montezano AC, He Y, Antunes TT, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Tostes RC, Touyz RM. Vascular injury in diabetic db/db mice is ameliorated by atorvastatin: role of Rac1/2-sensitive Nox-dependent pathways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:411-23. [PMID: 25358739 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress [increased bioavailability of reactive oxygen species (ROS)] plays a role in the endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation, which underlie vascular damage in diabetes. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that are vasoprotective in diabetes through unknown mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that atorvastatin decreases NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived ROS generation and associated vascular injury in diabetes. Lepr(db)/Lepr(db) (db/db) mice, a model of Type 2 diabetes and control Lepr(db)/Lepr(+) (db/+) mice were administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg per day, 2 weeks). Atorvastatin improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Systemic and vascular oxidative stress in db/db mice, characterized by increased plasma TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) levels and exaggerated vascular Nox-derived ROS generation respectively, were inhibited by atorvastatin. Cytosol-to-membrane translocation of the Nox regulatory subunit p47(phox) and the small GTPase Rac1/2 was increased in vessels from db/db mice compared with db/+ mice, an effect blunted by atorvastatin. The increase in vascular Nox1/2/4 expression and increased phosphorylation of redox-sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was abrogated by atorvastatin in db/db mice. Pro-inflammatory signalling (decreased IκB-α and increased NF-κB p50 expression, increased NF-κB p65 phosphorylation) and associated vascular inflammation [vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression and vascular monocyte adhesion], which were increased in aortas of db/db mice, were blunted by atorvastatin. Impaired acetylcholine (Ach)- and insulin (INS)-induced vasorelaxation in db/db mice was normalized by atorvastatin. Our results demonstrate that, in diabetic mice, atorvastatin decreases vascular oxidative stress and inflammation and ameliorates vascular injury through processes involving decreased activation of Rac1/2 and Nox. These findings elucidate redox-sensitive and Rac1/2-dependent mechanisms whereby statins protect against vascular injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- *Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia E Callera
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- ‡Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Ying He
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tayze T Antunes
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Rita C Tostes
- *Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- †Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Adel H, Taye A, Khalifa MMA. Spironolactone improves endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1187-97. [PMID: 25238812 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a critical initiator for developing diabetic vascular complications. Substantial clinical and experimental evidence suggests that aldosterone plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker, spironolactone, on diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and address the underlying mechanism(s) involved in this setting. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to rats and spironolactone was orally administered (50 mg/kg/day). Our results showed a marked increase in aortic malondialdehyde (MDA) level and upregulation of the catalytic NADPH oxidase subunit, NOX2 gene expression alongside reducing catalase enzyme capacity, and the serum nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in diabetic rats. This was associated with a significant reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) immunoreactivity and gene expression in diabetic aorta. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) protein and the MR gene expression levels were significantly increased in the diabetic rat aorta. Moreover, the diabetic aorta showed a marked impairment in acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation. Additionally, spironolactone significantly inhibited the elevated MDA, TGF-β, NOX2, and MR levels alongside correcting the dysregulated eNOS expression and the defective antioxidant function as well as NO bioavailability. Spironolactone markedly reversed the impaired endothelial function in the diabetic aorta. Collectively, our study demonstrates that spironolactone ameliorated the vascular dysfunction of diabetic aorta, at least partially via its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects alongside correcting the dysregulated eNOS and TGF-β expression. Thus, blockade of MR may represent a useful therapeutic approach against diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Adel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61511, Egypt
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