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Mysonhimer AR, Brown MD, Alvarado DA, Cornman E, Esmail M, Abdiel T, Gutierrez K, Vasquez J, Cannavale CN, Miller MJ, Khan NA, Holscher HD. Honey Added to Yogurt with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010/CNCM I-2494 Supports Probiotic Enrichment but Does Not Reduce Intestinal Transit Time in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:2396-2410. [PMID: 38830472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey improves probiotic survival in vitro. However, if this effect translates to humans has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine effects of honey plus yogurt containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DN-173 010/CNCM I-2494 (B. animalis) on intestinal transit time, probiotic enrichment, digestive health, mood, and cognition in adults. METHODS Sixty-six healthy adults (34 female; 33.6 ± 9.8 y; 24.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2) in a crossover trial were randomly assigned to 2-wk yogurt conditions in a counterbalanced order with ≥4-wk washout: 1) Honey (HON): yogurt plus honey and 2) Negative Control (NC): heat-treated yogurt plus sugar. Of the participants, n = 62 completed the trial, and n = 37 (17 female; 32.0 ± 8.3 y; 25.0 ± 2.9 kg/m2) elected to enroll in a third condition (a nonrandomized study extension) after ≥4-wk washout with a reference Positive Control (PC): yogurt plus sugar. At baseline and end of each of the 3 conditions, intestinal transit time was measured with dye capsules; probiotic abundance with fecal DNA 16S sequencing; digestive health with symptom/function records, Bristol stool consistency, Gastrointestinal Tolerability, and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index; mood with Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Short Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System questionnaires, and an emotional image task; and cognition with a spatial reconstruction task. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) with significance at P ≤ 0.05. Baseline and end data were included in the LMM, with fixed effects being treatment, time, treatment by time interaction, and baseline covariate, and the random effect being the participant. RESULTS B. animalis was enriched in HON (d = 3.54; P = 0.0002) compared to controls with linear discriminant analysis effect size. Intestinal transit time, gastrointestinal health, mood, and cognition did not differ between conditions (LMM: Ps > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Yogurt + honey enriched B. animalis but did not reduce intestinal transit time or have other functional gastrointestinal, mood, or cognitive effects in adults. This trial was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov as NCT04187950 and NCT04901390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie R Mysonhimer
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Marina D Brown
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - David A Alvarado
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Eva Cornman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Myra Esmail
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Tehila Abdiel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Karen Gutierrez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jorge Vasquez
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael J Miller
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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Ding F, Hu M, Ding Y, Meng Y, Zhao Y. Efficacy in bowel movement and change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipation patients treated with probiotics-containing products: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e074557. [PMID: 38238054 PMCID: PMC10806726 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to pool the efficacy in bowel movement and explore the change of gut microbiota on adult functional constipated patients after probiotics-containing products treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Cochrane Library for published studies and ClinicalTrials.gov for 'grey' researches were independently investigated for randomised controlled trials up to November 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The intervention was probiotics-containing product, either probiotics or synbiotics, while the control was placebo. The risk of bias was conducted. The efficacy in bowel movement was indicated by stool frequency, stool consistency and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom (PAC-SYM), while the change of gut microbiota was reviewed through α diversity, β diversity, change/difference in relative abundance and so on. The subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and random-effect meta-regression were conducted to explore the heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation was conducted to grade the quality of evidence. RESULTS 17 studies, comprising 1256 participants, were included with perfect agreements between two researchers (kappa statistic=0.797). Compared with placebo, probiotics-containing products significantly increased the stool frequency (weighted mean difference, WMD 0.93, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.40, p=0.000, I²=84.5%, 'low'), improved the stool consistency (WMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.70, p=0.023, I²=81.6%, 'very low') and reduced the PAC-SYM (WMD -0.28, 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.11, p=0.001, I²=55.7%, 'very low'). In subgroup analysis, synbiotics was superior to probiotics to increase stool frequency. Probiotics-containing products might not affect α or β diversity, but would increase the relative abundance of specific strain. CONCLUSIONS Probiotics-containing products, significantly increased stool frequency, improved stool consistency, and alleviated functional constipation symptoms. They increased the relative abundance of specific strain. More high-quality head-to-head randomised controlled trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifei Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Lauw S, Kei N, Chan PL, Yau TK, Ma KL, Szeto CYY, Lin JSC, Wong SH, Cheung PCK, Kwan HS. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Gut Microbial Profile among Overweight and Obese Hong Kong Chinese Individuals: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4248. [PMID: 37836532 PMCID: PMC10574554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the limited evidence showing anti-obesity effects of synbiotics via modulation of the gut microbiota in humans, a randomized clinical trial was performed. Assessment of the metabolic syndrome traits and profiling of the fecal gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in overweight and obese Hong Kong Chinese individuals before and after dietary intervention with an 8-week increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and/or synbiotic supplementation was conducted. The selected synbiotic contained two probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019) and a prebiotic (polydextrose). Fifty-five overweight or obese individuals were randomized and divided into a synbiotic group (SG; n = 19), a dietary intervention group (DG; n = 18), and a group receiving combined interventions (DSG; n = 18). DSG showed the greatest weight loss effects and number of significant differences in clinical parameters compared to its baseline values-notably, decreases in fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides and an increase in HDL-cholesterol. DSG lowered Megamonas abundance, which was positively associated with BMI, body fat mass, and trunk fat mass. The results suggested that increasing dietary fiber consumption from fruits and vegetables combined with synbiotic supplementation is more effective than either approach alone in tackling obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lauw
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Nelson Kei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | - Po Lam Chan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Tsz Kwan Yau
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Ka Lee Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
| | | | - Janice Su-Chuen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (N.K.); (K.L.M.); (P.C.K.C.)
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- HSK GeneTech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- ProBioLife Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xu J, Xu X, Hua D, Yuan Z, Bai M, Song H, Yang L, Li J, Zhu D, Liu H. Defatted hempseed meal altered the metabolic profile of fermented yogurt and enhanced the ability to alleviate constipation in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4778-4791. [PMID: 36971462 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hempseeds (Cannabis sativa L.) are rich in easily digestible proteins, fats, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insoluble fiber and are of high nutritional value. Probiotics have been found to relieve constipation, which solves a health problem that constantly troubles a lot of people. Therefore, the changes in the metabolites of fermented yogurt with or without 10% defatted hempseed meal (10% SHY or 0% SHY respectively) were studied and their laxative effects were examined through animal experiments. RESULTS Amino acids and peptides, terpene glycosides, carbohydrates, lineolic acids, and fatty acids were found to be the major contributors to the discrimination of the metabolic profile between 0% SHY and 10% SHY. The differentially accumulated metabolites may lead to the discrepancy in the yogurt's functionality. Animal experiments showed that the 10% SHY treatment prevented constipation by increasing feces number, fecal water content, and small intestinal transit rate and reducing inflammatory injury in loperamide-induced constipated rats. Further analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that 10% SHY gavage increased the relative abundances of the Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Turicibacter, Oscillibacter, Ruminococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium genera in the constipated rats, whereas Akkermansia, Clostridium_XIVa, Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Clostridium_IV were decreased. The combination of defatted hempseed meal and probiotics was found to be effective in relieving constipation, probably due to the enriched amino acids and peptides, such as Thr-Leu and lysinoalanine through correlation analysis. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that defatted hempseed meal in yogurt altered the metabolic profile and effectively alleviated constipation in rats, which is a promising therapeutic candidate for constipation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dong Hua
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Li
- Liaoning Qiaopai Biotech Co. Ltd, Jinzhou, China
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China
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Yeung N, Forssten SD, Saarinen MT, Anjum M, Ouwehand AC. The Effect of Delivery Matrix on Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Survival through In Vitro Human Digestion. Nutrients 2023; 15:3541. [PMID: 37630731 PMCID: PMC10459543 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 is a probiotic with several documented human health benefits. Interest in probiotics has led to the development of new formats that probiotics, including HN019, can be supplemented into. In this study, we looked at common HN019 formats such as frozen culture and freeze-dried powder as well as supplementing it into the following food matrices: yogurts (dairy, soy, and oat based), xanthan gum-based tablets, pulpless orange juice, whey sports drink, and dark chocolate (70% cocoa). In this work, our aim was to investigate whether the food matrix that carried HN019 via simulated human digestion (a dual model system mimicking both upper and lower gastrointestinal digestion) influenced probiotic delivery. To that end, we validated and used a real-time qPCR assay to detect HN019 after simulated digestion. In addition, we also measured the effect on a panel of metabolites. After simulated digestion, we were able to detect HN019 from all the matrices tested, and the observed changes to the metabolite profile were consistent with those expected from the food matrix used. In conclusion, this work suggests that the food matrix supplemented with HN019 did not interfere with delivery to the colon via simulated human digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Yeung
- IFF Health & Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland; (S.D.F.); (M.T.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.O.)
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Zhang S, Liu Y, Ni J, Xiao G. Effect of a probiotic formula on gastrointestinal health, immune responses and metabolic health in adults with functional constipation or functional diarrhea. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196625. [PMID: 37497057 PMCID: PMC10368241 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Our aim was to determine the efficacy of four-week probiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal health. The secondary objectives were to assess probiotic effects on immune reaction, as well as weight control and metabolic health. Methods We conducted two randomized sub-trials, respectively, among subjects who were diagnosed with functional constipation (FC) or functional diarrhea (FDr) according to the Rome IV criteria. In each sub-trial, 70 eligible Chinese adults were randomized to receive a multi-strain probiotic combination or a placebo. Gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation habits, stool characteristics, blood and fecal biochemistry markers, anthropometrics measures, stress-associated responses, and intestinal flora changes were assessed at baseline and after probiotics intervention. Results Four weeks of probiotic supplementation reduced overall gastrointestinal symptoms scores in FC participants (p < 0.0001). Their mean weekly stool frequency increased from 3.3 times to 6.2 times; immune response and inflammation markers improved with increases in serum IgA, IFN-γ and fecal sIgA, and decrease in hsCRP; most components of lipid profile were significantly ameliorated, with increases in HDL-C and reductions in TC and TG; body weight, body mass index and basal metabolic rate decreased following probiotics consumption. For FDr participants, probiotics consumption markedly reduced overall gastrointestinal symptom scores (p < 0.0001); decreased stool frequency by 3 times per week; increased IgA, IFN-γ, sIgA concentrations, while lowered hsCRP and IL-4 levels. Both FC and FDr participants had improvement in the scores of defecation habits, anxiety or depression, and perceived stress. Probiotics supplementation promoted the production of all three major short-chain fatty acids. No changes were observed in LDL-C, IgG, IgM, IL-8, IL-10 and motilin. Conclusion Supplementation with the probiotic formula over a four-week period could help relieving gastrointestinal symptoms, improving satisfaction with defecation habits, emotional state and immune response, and ameliorating dysbacteriosis in participants with FC or FDr. It also had beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and weight control for FC participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Zheng
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Silu Zhang
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanwen Liu
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Ni
- Sprim (China) Consulting Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxun Xiao
- Shenzhen Precision Health Food Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Dahiya D, Nigam PS. Nutraceuticals Prepared with Specific Strains of Probiotics for Supplementing Gut Microbiota in Hosts Allergic to Certain Foods or Their Additives. Nutrients 2023; 15:2979. [PMID: 37447306 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain nutrients cause discomfort, sensitivity reaction, and an intolerance for certain foods or their ingredients when ingested by some consumers. Food reactions and gut inflammation-related problems are increasing worldwide. The primary form of management would be the avoidance of such foods, followed by treatment of their symptoms. Adopting a nutritional-therapeutic approach and establishing practices for the inclusion of functional foods and nutraceuticals in the diet could improve the ecology of gut microbiota and alleviate inflammation in the GIT. For this purpose, specific species of microorganisms characterized as probiotic strains have been studied to produce functional food and fermented beverage products. Commercially sold, such items are labelled as probiotic products, displaying the name/s of strain/s and the viable numbers of them contained in the portion size of the products. The importance of the growth of probiotic functional foods is that they can be consumed as a source of nutrition and their intake helps in the subsistence and recuperation of friendly gut bacteria. Probiotics have been reported for their role in ameliorating the risk of food reactions. Probiotic administration has been implemented for its role as an auxiliary improvement and for the prevention of food sensitivities common among pediatric patients. Probiotic products based on non-dairy substrates have potential as nutraceuticals for lactose intolerant consumers who are allergic to dairy milk products. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review GRAS microbial species characterized as probiotics up to the level of their specific strain's name and/or number. These have been used to produce nutraceuticals that are sources of beneficial bacteria for easing discomfort and allergic reactions by maintaining an inflammation-free gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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Araújo MM, Botelho PB. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935830. [PMID: 36570175 PMCID: PMC9773270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
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Šola KF, Vladimir-Knežević S, Hrabač P, Mucalo I, Saso L, Verbanac D. The effect of multistrain probiotics on functional constipation in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1675-1681. [PMID: 35927504 PMCID: PMC9708599 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal conditions, particularly among older individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of selected multistrain probiotics on functional constipation and laboratory blood parameters in the elderly living in a nursing home. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Sixty participants (42 females and 18 males) aged 77.9 ± 8.84 years with functional constipation, who met the eligibility criteria, completed the study. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, each participant was randomized to receive either the selected probiotic mixture (N = 28) or placebo (N = 32) for 12 weeks as an adjunct to their usual diet and medications. The liquid probiotic formulation containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLC1, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3 and Lactobacillus casei BGP93 was tested for the first time. RESULTS Supplementation of selected probiotics resulted in a slight but nonsignificant increase in cumulative stool frequency compared with placebo. However, after the 71st day of the treatment, the cumulative number of stools was significantly higher in the probiotic group (P < 0.05) when the influence of laxative was excluded. The trend towards an increase in the difference between the two groups, which began 1 week after the probiotic intervention, pointed out to their prolonged effect. There were no significant dependent or independent effects of treatment and time on most of the 27 laboratory blood parameters tested. CONCLUSIONS Multistrain probiotic supplementation was found to be efficacious, safe and well tolerated in the elderly with functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pero Hrabač
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Mucalo
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Verbanac
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
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Oba S, Yildirim T, Karataş ŞM. Probiotics Safety Aspect of Functional Foods. JOURNAL OF CULINARY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15428052.2022.2135156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Oba
- Department of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Tugce Yildirim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institution of Science, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
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D M, BG B, E S, S A, VO L, NA B. May polydextrose potentially improve gut health in patients with chronic kidney disease? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum P9 Probiotics on Defecation and Quality of Life of Individuals with Chronic Constipation: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4144321. [PMID: 35733625 PMCID: PMC9208957 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4144321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although probiotics have been shown to improve constipation-related symptoms, a clear consensus on the use of probiotics as a constipation-relieving agent has not been reached, which is attributed to the limited available evidence and inconsistent protocols used in existing studies. Method A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed to study the efficiency and possible mechanism of action of probiotics for chronic constipation, in which 200 eligible volunteers with chronic constipation will be randomly assigned to a probiotic group (oral Lactobacillus plantarum P9 probiotic powder, 100 billion colony-forming units (CFUs)/day) or a placebo group. Volunteers, treatment distributors, data collectors, and data analysts will be blinded. The primary outcome is the weekly mean frequency of complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs), and secondary outcomes include weekly mean frequency of CSBMs ≥3, weekly mean frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs), weekly mean stool appearance score, weekly mean difficulty of passing stool score, weekly percentage of volunteers who use auxiliary measures to assist with defecation (WPUAMA), quality-of-life (QOL) score, emotional status score, gut microbiome, and faecal metabolome. Each outcome measure will be assessed at the time points of preadministration (day 0), administration (day 14 and/or 28), and postadministration (day 42) to identify inter- and intragroup differences. Adverse events will be recorded to evaluate the safety of L. plantarum P9. Discussion. The protocol will provide methodological guidance for other similar studies, avoiding methodological bias and ultimately facilitating the formulation of consensus on the use of probiotics as a constipation-relieving agent. In addition, the results are more comprehensive than those of existing studies and may objectively and scientifically reflect the effectiveness of L. plantarum P9 on constipation. If the expected study findings are obtained, L. plantarum P9, taken as a probiotic, may become a complementary choice for chronically constipated patients. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (no. ChiCTR2000038396) registered on November 22, 2020, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=54024.
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Wallace C, Sinopoulou V, Gordon M, Akobeng AK, Llanos-Chea A, Hungria G, Febo-Rodriguez L, Fifi A, Fernandez Valdes L, Langshaw A, Saps M. Probiotics for treatment of chronic constipation in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 3:CD014257. [PMID: 35349168 PMCID: PMC8962960 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014257.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional constipation is defined as chronic constipation with no identifiable underlying cause. It is a significant cause of morbidity in children, accounting for up to 25% of visits to paediatric gastroenterologists. Probiotic preparations may sufficiently alter the gut microbiome and promote normal gut physiology in a way that helps relieve functional constipation. Several studies have sought to address this hypothesis, as well as the role of probiotics in other functional gut disorders. Therefore, it is important to have a focused review to assess the evidence to date. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotics for the management of chronic constipation without a physical explanation in children. SEARCH METHODS On 28 June 2021, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, WHO ICTR, and ClinicalTrials.gov, with no language, date, publication status, or document type limitations. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed probiotic preparations (including synbiotics) compared to placebo, no treatment or any other interventional preparation in people aged between 0 and 18 years old with a diagnosis of functional constipation according to consensus criteria (such as Rome IV). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS We included 14 studies (1127 randomised participants): 12 studies assessed probiotics in the treatment of functional constipation, whilst two studies investigated synbiotic preparations. Three studies compared probiotics to placebo in relation to the frequency of defecation at study end, but we did not pool them as there was very significant unexplained heterogeneity. Four studies compared probiotics to placebo in relation to treatment success. There may be no difference in global improvement/treatment success (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.26; 313 participants; low-certainty evidence). Five studies compared probiotics to placebo in relation to withdrawals due to adverse events, with the pooled effect suggesting there may be no difference (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.21 to 1.95; 357 participants; low-certainty evidence). The pooled estimate from three studies that compared probiotics plus an osmotic laxative to osmotic laxative alone found there may be no difference in frequency of defecation (MD -0.01, 95% CI -0.57 to 0.56; 268 participants; low-certainty evidence). Two studies compared probiotics plus an osmotic laxative to osmotic laxative alone in relation to global improvement/treatment success, and found there may be no difference between the treatments (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.15; 139 participants; low-certainty evidence). Three studies compared probiotics plus osmotic laxative to osmotic laxative alone in relation to withdrawals due to adverse events, but it is unclear if there is a difference between them (RR 2.86, 95% CI 0.12 to 68.35; 268 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Two studies compared probiotics versus magnesium oxide. It is unclear if there is a difference in frequency of defecation (MD 0.28, 95% CI -0.58 to 1.14; 36 participants), treatment success (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.57; 36 participants) or withdrawals due to adverse events (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.04; 77 participants). The certainty of the evidence is very low for these outcomes. One study assessed the role of a synbiotic preparation in comparison to placebo. There may be higher treatment success in favour of synbiotics compared to placebo (RR 2.32, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.47; 155 participants; low-certainty evidence). The study reported that there were no withdrawals due to adverse effects in either group. One study assessed a synbiotic plus paraffin compared to paraffin alone. It is uncertain if there is a difference in frequency of defecation (MD 0.74, 95% CI -0.96, 2.44; 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence), or treatment success (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.17; 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The study reported that there were no withdrawals due to adverse effects in either group. One study compared a synbiotic preparation to paraffin. It is uncertain if there is a difference in frequency of defecation (MD -1.53, 95% CI -3.00, -0.06; 60 participants; very low-certainty evidence) or in treatment success (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.65, 1.13; 60 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The study reported that there were no withdrawals due to adverse effects in either group. All secondary outcomes were either not reported or reported in a way that did not allow for analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether probiotics are efficacious in successfully treating chronic constipation without a physical explanation in children or changing the frequency of defecation, or whether there is a difference in withdrawals due to adverse events when compared with placebo. There is limited evidence from one study to suggest a synbiotic preparation may be more likely than placebo to lead to treatment success, with no difference in withdrawals due to adverse events. There is insufficient evidence to draw efficacy or safety conclusions about the use of probiotics in combination with or in comparison to any of the other interventions reported. The majority of the studies that presented data on serious adverse events reported that no events occurred. Two studies did not report this outcome. Future studies are needed to confirm efficacy, but the research community requires guidance on the best context for probiotics in such studies, considering where they should be best considered in a potential treatment hierarchy and should align with core outcome sets to support future interpretation of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morris Gordon
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | | | - Gregory Hungria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Amanda Fifi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Amber Langshaw
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Saps
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Gu Y, Li X, Chen H, Sun Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Yong Chan EC. Antidiabetic effects of multi-species probiotic and its fermented milk in mice via restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Effects of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 on Intestinal Microbiota Structure and Body Weight Gain in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 15:706-715. [PMID: 35029788 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we identified a metabolite of Bacillus subtilis BS-Z15 (a strain with probiotic characteristics) that could improve immunity in mice. In the present study, we examined the effects of B. subtilis BS-Z15 and its metabolites on body weight gain and the intestinal microbiota of mice. Sixty 25-day-old male Kunming white mice were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control group (A), daily saline gavage; B. subtilis-treated group (B), single gavage (1 × 109 CFU/time/animal/day); group D, 14 consecutive gavages (1 × 109 CFU/time/animal/day); and B. subtilis metabolite-treated group (E), 30 consecutive gavages (90 mg kg-1/time/animal/day). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze intergroup differences in the mouse intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the three treated groups had significantly slower body weight gain compared with the control group, which lasted until the 45 days (P < 0.05), and the daily food intake of the treated mice was higher (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota structure of the mice in the treated groups was significantly altered compared with that in the control group, suggesting that B. subtilis BS-Z15 may regulate the weight gain of animals by affecting their intestinal bacterial composition. After stopping the gavage of B. subtilis BS-Z15, the abundance of this strain in the small intestine of the mice gradually decreased and its presence was undetectable at 45 days, indicating that B. subtilis BS-Z15 could not colonize the intestine of these mice. These findings suggest that B. subtilis BS-Z15 may regulate intestinal microbiota through its metabolites to reduce weight gain.
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Cheng J, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Effects on Gut Health: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 8:790561. [PMID: 34970580 PMCID: PMC8712437 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.790561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal gut motility is central to bowel function and gut health. The link between the gut dysmotility related disorders and dysfunctional-intestinal barriers has led to a hypothesis that certain probiotics could help in normalizing gut motility and maintain gut health. This review investigates the roles of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 (B. lactis HN019™) on gut health, and its mechanisms of action in various pre-clinical and clinical studies. Research supports the hypothesis that B. lactis HN019™ has a beneficial role in maintaining intestinal barrier function during gastrointestinal infections by competing and excluding potential pathogens via different mechanisms; maintaining normal tight junction function in vitro; and regulating host immune defense toward pathogens in both in vitro and human studies. This has been observed to lead to reduced incidence of diarrhea. Interestingly, B. lactis HN019™ also supports normal physiological function in immunosenescent elderly and competes and excludes potential pathogens. Furthermore, B. lactis HN019™ reduced intestinal transit time and increased bowel movement frequency in functional constipation, potentially by modulating gut–brain–microbiota axis, mainly via serotonin signaling pathway, through short chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation. B. lactis HN019™ is thus a probiotic that can contribute to relieving gut dysmotility related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Global Health and Nutrition Science, Danisco Sweeteners Oy, Kantvik, Finland
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17
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main mechanisms of the effect of intestinal microflora on the immune system and their importance in clinical practice. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.4.2021.249409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Kim MC, Lee S, Park JK, Park J, Lee D, Park J, Kim BY, Cho MS, Kim TY, Park HY, Park JH, Bok MK, Lim H. Effects of ID-HWS1000 on the Perception of Bowel Activity and Microbiome in Subjects with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food 2021; 24:883-893. [PMID: 34406877 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During constipation, indigestible foods, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary fiber, may improve the bowel environment and activity. In this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study, the effects of ID-HWS1000, composed of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, xylooligosaccharide, and dietary fiber, were evaluated to determine whether it improves the perception of bowel activity or cause changes in the gut microbiome. Thirty Korean adults with "functional constipation" according to the Rome III criteria were randomly assigned to the following groups: 20 in the ID-HWS1000 group and 10 in the placebo group. ID-HWS1000 or the placebo was consumed by the participants for 4 weeks. To assess the changes in the perception of bowel activity, clinical data and gut microbiome analyses were conducted before and after the experiment. There were significant differences between the groups in the response to 9 of the 12 survey questions (the number and duration of bowel movements, amount of feces, number of irritant bowel movements, number of times bowel movements felt incomplete, shape of the feces, amount of gas in the gut, discomfort after defecation, and discomfort owing to constipation) (P < .05). There was a decrease in the proportion of Firmicutes (Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae) and an increase in Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidaceae) (P < .05). Moreover, ID-HWS1000 directly improved the discomfort associated with bowel movements, decreased the proportion of Lachnospiraceae, and increased the proportion of Bacteroidaceae. These results confirmed that ID-HWS1000 improves the perception of bowel activity and exerts positive changes in individuals with functional constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea
| | | | - Jongmi Park
- ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Seocho-gu, Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jaewan Park
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- Microbiome Research Center, ChunLab, Inc., Seocho-gu, Korea
| | - Min Seok Cho
- Microbiome Research Center, ChunLab, Inc., Seocho-gu, Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea
| | | | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Bok
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Korea
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Consumption of OLL1073R-1 yogurt improves psychological quality of life in women healthcare workers: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:237. [PMID: 34030638 PMCID: PMC8142513 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of consumption of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 in women healthcare workers. In a previous study we used these data to investigate hypothesized preventive effects against flu, however any effects on improving mental quality of life were not analyzed at that time. In the present study, we focus on that aspect. Methods The participants (961 women; mainly nurses, aged 20–71 years) were randomly allocated to either the yogurt group (n = 479) or the control group (n = 482). Participants in the yogurt group drank 112 mL of OLL1073R-1 yogurt for 16 weeks, while those in the control group did not consume any yogurt. All participants were prohibited from consuming other yogurt or fermented dairy products during the study period. The participants answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Short Form-8 Health Survey (SF-8), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaires at baseline and after 16 weeks. Results The PSQI score showed significant improvement after the intake of yogurt (p < 0.01). SF-8 results showed significant intervention effects in the General Health and Vitality scores (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). In other subscales of SF-8, we did not observe significant effects of the yogurt. In the GSRS, daily intake of yogurt exerted a preventive effect on constipation (p = 0.03). Conclusions Consumption of yogurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 enhances subjective psychological quality of life by improving quality of sleep and gastrointestinal condition among women healthcare workers.
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20
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Kang S, Park MY, Brooks I, Lee J, Kim SH, Kim JY, Oh B, Kim JW, Kwon O. Spore-forming Bacillus coagulans SNZ 1969 improved intestinal motility and constipation perception mediated by microbial alterations in healthy adults with mild intermittent constipation: A randomized controlled trial. Food Res Int 2021; 146:110428. [PMID: 34119240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The spore-forming Bacillus coagulans has attracted attention for their therapeutic action in the colon. However, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. In this study, healthy subjects with mild intermittent constipation were supplemented with B. coagulans SNZ 1969 (BC) or the placebo for 8 weeks (n = 80). Then, we assessed colonic transit time (CTT), weekly complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) scores, bowel discomfort symptom (BDS) scores, and 16S rRNA fecal microbiome profiles. The association between the critically altered gut microbiome and clinical outcomes was analyzed using redundancy analysis (RDA) and validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. BC supplementation significantly improved CTT (p = 0.031), CSBM at weeks 2 (p = 0.045) and 9 (p = 0.038), and BDS at weeks 3 (p = 0.019) and 6 (p = 0.029) compared with the placebo, while altering the community composition of the gut microbiota. We also confirmed that BC was effectively delivered to the gut. Finally, the multivariate redundancy analysis concluded that BC-induced enrichment of Lactobacillales and diminishment of Synergistales were related to CTT improvements. This study provides important new data on how spore-forming B. coagulans SNZ 1969 contributes to improving gut motility and presents evidence supporting the use of B. coagulans SNZ 1969 in adults with mild intermittent constipation and habitual low intake of fruit and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Kang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Isabel Brooks
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjo Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Effect of Polydextrose/Fructooligosaccharide Mixture on Constipation Symptoms in Children Aged 4 to 8 Years. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051634. [PMID: 34067961 PMCID: PMC8152261 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a frequent problem in children. We evaluated the effect of a mixture (polydextrose [PDX] and fructooligosaccharide [FOS]) in children with constipation. We performed a prospective interventional study with a mixture (PDX 4.17 g and FOS 0.45 g) in a daily dose of food supplement. The intervention lasted 45 days, with visits at 15, 30, and 45 days after administration. The sample comprised 105 patients, of whom 77 completed the intervention. A statistically significant reduction in the frequency of symptoms was observed at the end of the study. The frequency of children with fewer than three bowel movements per week dropped from 59.7% to 11.7%, and there was a decrease in the frequency of Bristol type 1 and 2 dry stools (68.8% to 7.8%), pain on defecation (79.2% to 10.4%), and fear of defecation (68.8% to 3.9%). The proportion of children with abdominal pain symptoms decreased from 84.2% to 2.6% at the end of the study. A relevant limitation of the present study was the lack of a control group treated with placebo. The administration of the PDX/FOS mixture was accompanied by a significant reduction in the frequency of constipation symptoms of the children evaluated. The tolerability was very good, and the rate of adverse effects was low.
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22
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Aslam H, Mohebbi M, Ruusunen A, Dawson SL, Williams LJ, Berk M, Holloway-Kew KL, Collier F, Loughman A, Pasco JA, Jacka FN. Associations between dairy consumption and constipation in adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Health 2021; 28:31-39. [PMID: 33827333 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211004784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to assess the association between dairy consumption and constipation in the general adult population. DESIGN Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were used to assess the association between dairy consumption and constipation in women (n=632) and men (n=609). Information on milk, yogurt and cheese, and constipation were self-reported. Total dairy was calculated by summing the intake of milk, yogurt and cheese and expressed as servings per day. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for irritable bowel syndrome, major depressive disorders, mobility, body mass index, age and fibre intake were used to examine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between the consumption of categories of total dairy, milk, yogurt, cheese, and constipation. RESULTS In women, consumption of 1-2 servings/d of total dairy was associated with reduced odds for constipation (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.26-0.90; P=0.021) compared to consuming <1 serving/d of total dairy after adjusting for covariates. Also, consumption of 1-4 servings/d of milk was associated with marginally reduced odds for constipation (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39-1.02; P=0.058) compared to women who consumed <1 serving/d of milk after adjusting for covariates. There were no significant associations detected between other types of dairy consumption and constipation in women, and none in men. CONCLUSION In women, consumption of moderate amounts of dairy is associated with reduced odds for constipation whereas in men no associations were detected between dairy consumption and constipation. Further studies are warranted to confirm results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajara Aslam
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia
| | | | - Anu Ruusunen
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Samantha L Dawson
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Department, Orygen, The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kara L Holloway-Kew
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Barwon Health, Australia.,Geelong Centre for Emerging Infectious Disease, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Barwon Health, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Joint senior Authors
| | - Felice N Jacka
- 98475Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Australia.,Joint senior Authors
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Li T, Yan Q, Wen Y, Liu J, Sun J, Jiang Z. Synbiotic yogurt containing konjac mannan oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 alleviates constipation in mice by modulating the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit pathway and gut microbiota. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5239-5255. [PMID: 33663840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synbiotic dietary supplements, as an effective means of regulating the gut microbiota, may have a beneficial effect on constipation. This study evaluated the effects of synbiotic yogurt containing konjac mannan oligosaccharides (KMOS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB12 (BB12) on constipated Kunming mice (the model group). Following administration of yogurt containing 2.0% KMOS and BB12 (YBK2.0), black fecal weight and number and gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 97.5, 106.3, and 55.7%, respectively, compared with the model group. Serum levels of excitability neurotransmitters (motilin, substance P, and acetylcholine) in the YBK2.0 group were increased by 139.7, 120.4, and 91.8%, respectively, and serum levels of inhibitory neurotransmitters (vasoactive intestinal peptide, nitric oxide, and acetylcholine) were decreased. Moreover, synbiotic yogurt supplementation significantly downregulated the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 (VIPR1) and upregulated the expression of serotonin receptor 4 (5-HT4) in the colon, and enhanced the expression of the stem cell factor (SCF)/c-Kit pathway. Additionally, YBK2.0 treatment significantly regulated the community composition and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of gut microbiota, which were positively correlated with physiological parameters of constipation. Thus, supplementation with synbiotic yogurt composed of KMOS and BB12 could facilitate fecal excretion by regulating related pathways and the gut microbiota. These findings demonstrated that the synbiotic yogurt can be considered a functional food for alleviating constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China; Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 011500, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 011500, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Dalziel JE, Spencer NJ, Young W. Microbial signalling in colonic motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105963. [PMID: 33636395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensory nerve endings within the wall of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract may respond to bacterial signalling, providing the basis for key biological processes that underlie intestinal motility and microbial homeostasis. Enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells are well known to express an array of receptors, including G-protein coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, that can sense chemical ligands and other bacterially-derived substances. These include short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and lipopolysaccharide. For neural detection of microbial activators to occur, luminal substances must first interact with enterocytes for direct signalling or cross paracellularly. Recent studies indicate that bacterial-derived microvesicles can cross the gut epithelial barrier and affect motility. This suggests a possible intercellular communication pathway between the GI tract and the ENS. We explore the idea that bacterial microvesicles can behave as a delivery package for communication between microbe and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Discipline of Physiology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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25
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Effects of Probiotics Supplementation on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and SIBO after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Obes Surg 2020; 31:143-150. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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An 1,4-α-Glucosyltransferase Defines a New Maltodextrin Catabolism Scheme in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00661-20. [PMID: 32444471 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00661-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maltooligosaccharide (MOS) utilization locus in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, a model for human small-intestine lactobacilli, encodes three glycoside hydrolases (GHs): a putative maltogenic α-amylase of family 13, subfamily 20 (LaGH13_20), a maltose phosphorylase of GH65 (LaGH65), and a family 13, subfamily 31, member (LaGH13_31B), annotated as a 1,6-α-glucosidase. Here, we reveal that LaGH13_31B is a 1,4-α-glucosyltransferase that disproportionates MOS with a degree of polymerization of ≥2, with a preference for maltotriose. Kinetic analyses of the three GHs encoded by the MOS locus revealed that the substrate preference of LaGH13_31B toward maltotriose complements the ~40-fold lower k cat of LaGH13_20 toward this substrate, thereby enhancing the conversion of odd-numbered MOS to maltose. The concerted action of LaGH13_20 and LaGH13_31B confers the efficient conversion of MOS to maltose that is phosphorolyzed by LaGH65. Structural analyses revealed the presence of a flexible elongated loop that is unique for a previously unexplored clade of GH13_31, represented by LaGH13_31B. The identified loop insertion harbors a conserved aromatic residue that modulates the activity and substrate affinity of the enzyme, thereby offering a functional signature of this clade, which segregates from 1,6-α-glucosidases and sucrose isomerases previously described within GH13_31. Genomic analyses revealed that the LaGH13_31B gene is conserved in the MOS utilization loci of lactobacilli, including acidophilus cluster members that dominate the human small intestine.IMPORTANCE The degradation of starch in the small intestine generates short linear and branched α-glucans. The latter are poorly digestible by humans, rendering them available to the gut microbiota, e.g., lactobacilli adapted to the small intestine and considered beneficial to health. This study unveils a previously unknown scheme of maltooligosaccharide (MOS) catabolism via the concerted activity of an 1,4-α-glucosyltransferase together with a classical hydrolase and a phosphorylase. The intriguing involvement of a glucosyltransferase likely allows the fine-tuning of the regulation of MOS catabolism for optimal harnessing of this key metabolic resource in the human small intestine. The study extends the suite of specificities that have been identified in GH13_31 and highlights amino acid signatures underpinning the evolution of 1,4-α-glucosyl transferases that have been recruited in the MOS catabolism pathway in lactobacilli.
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Pinto CFCS, Oliveira PDCM, Fernandes OMFSDO, Padilha JMDSC, Machado PAP, Ribeiro ALA, Ramos JLN. Nonpharmacological Clinical Effective Interventions in Constipation: A Systematic Review. J Nurs Scholarsh 2020; 52:261-269. [DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - José Luis Nunes Ramos
- Coordinator Professor Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, CINTESIS Porto Portugal
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Chen CL, Chao SH, Pan TM. Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 lyophilized powder improves loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03804. [PMID: 32337384 PMCID: PMC7177033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is a condition of the digestive system characterized by formation of hard feces that are difficult to eliminate. It has emerged as a new problem that is commonly encountered by many people and lifestyle changes have been unsuccessful in providing a solution. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101 on loperamide-induced constipated rats and on gastrointestinal tract function. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered loperamide (2 mg/kg BW) twice daily as well as 1.3, 2.6, and 13.0 mg/kg BW/rat/d of NTU 101 powder. The control, positive control, and NTU 101 powder groups (0.5, 1, 5×) showed improved intestinal mobility with a statistically significant increase of 12.4%, 14.7%, 12.5%, 13.4%, and 15.1%, respectively (p < 0.05); the fecal water content was also significantly increased by 11.7%, 9.0%, 10.0%, 9.3%, and 11.0%, respectively (p < 0.05), compared to the loperamide group. Furthermore, NTU 101 increased the Bifidobactrium spp. and decreased the Clostridium perfringens content in feces; it increased short-chain fatty acid levels, reduced fecal pH value, enhanced the thickness of the colonic mucosa, and increased the number of mucin-producing goblet cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. Thus, NTU 101 powder was found to alleviate loperamide-induced constipation and improve gastrointestinal tract function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Li Chen
- Department of Research and Development Division, SunWay Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Han Chao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Research and Development Division, SunWay Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Heemskerk SCM, Rotteveel AH, Melenhorst J, Breukink SO, Kimman ML, Dirksen CD. Heterogeneous outcome reporting in adult slow-transit constipation studies: Systematic review towards a core outcome set. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:192-203. [PMID: 31376175 PMCID: PMC7027471 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Standardizing evaluative outcomes and their assessment facilitates comparisons between clinical studies and provides a basis for comparing direct effects of different treatment options. The aim of this study was to systematically review types of outcomes and measurement instruments used in studies regarding treatment options for slow-transit constipation (STC) in adults. METHODS In this systematic review of the literature, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception through February 2018, for papers assessing any STC treatment in adult patients. Outcomes were systematically extracted and categorized in domains using the conceptual framework of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology filter 2.0. Outcome reporting was stratified by decade of publication, intervention, and study type. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. Fifty-nine different types of outcomes were identified. The outcomes were structured in three core areas and 18 domains. The most commonly reported domains were defecation functions (94%), gastrointestinal transit (53%), and health-care service use (51%). The most frequently reported outcomes were defecation frequency (83%), health-related quality of life (43%), and adverse events and complications (43%). In 62% of the studies, no primary outcome was defined, whereas in two studies, more than one primary outcomes were selected. A wide diversity of measurement instruments was used to assess the reported outcomes. CONCLUSION Outcomes reported in studies on STC in adults are heterogeneous. A lack of standardization complicates comparisons between studies. Developing a core outcome set for STC in adults could contribute to standardization of outcome reporting in (future) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella C M Heemskerk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology AssessmentMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Adriënne H Rotteveel
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology AssessmentMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Jarno Melenhorst
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of SurgeryMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie O Breukink
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of SurgeryMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Merel L Kimman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology AssessmentMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Carmen D Dirksen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology AssessmentMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Bahrudin MF, Abdul Rani R, Tamil AM, Mokhtar NM, Raja Ali RA. Effectiveness of Sterilized Symbiotic Drink Containing Lactobacillus helveticus Comparable to Probiotic Alone in Patients with Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:541-549. [PMID: 31209720 PMCID: PMC6995448 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to objectively investigate whether the addition of polydextrose to sterilized probiotic containing Lactobacillus helveticus will confer benefits to constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients. METHODS A total of 163 patients were randomized into two groups: Group A to consume 350 mL of sterilized probiotic with 5.85 g polydextrose daily for 1 week and Group B without polydextrose. Intestinal transit time, fecal pH, fecal weight, and modified Garrigues questionnaires for pre- and post-consumption were assessed. RESULTS Median intestinal transit time was significantly reduced from 58 (IQR 43-72) to 45 (IQR 24-59) hours and 48 (IQR 31-72) to 30 (IQR 24-49) hours for Groups A and B, respectively (p < 0.01). Fecal pH for Groups A and B was significantly reduced from 6.57 ± 0.96 to 6.13 ± 0.95 (p = 0.003) and 6.58 ± 1.0 to 5.87 ± 0.83 (p < 0.001), respectively. Fecal weight for Group A was significantly increased from 8 g ± 6.4 g to 9.8 g ± 7.6 g (p = 0.003), but it was reduced for Group B from 13.3 g ± 19.4 g to 11.2 g ± 6.6 g (p = 0.308). Constipation-related symptoms were significantly improved for both groups. CONCLUSIONS The addition of polydextrose to sterilized probiotic containing L. helveticus did not show significant benefits to constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients. However, daily consumption of sterilized probiotic containing L. helveticus with or without polydextrose for a week alleviated constipation-related symptoms and objectively reduced both fecal pH and intestinal transit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fyzal Bahrudin
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafiz Abdul Rani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmi Mohd Tamil
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- GUT Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhang C, Jiang J, Tian F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of the effects of probiotics on functional constipation in adults. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2960-2969. [PMID: 32005532 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Clinical trials have reported controversial results regarding the effectiveness of probiotics in alleviating functional constipation in adults. We reviewed relevant randomized controlled trials to elucidate the effectiveness of probiotics on constipation symptoms in adults with functional constipation. METHODS We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published up to April 2019. The primary outcomes of interest were stool frequency, gut transit time (GTT), stool consistency, and bloating. Two authors independently performed the study selection, risk-of-bias assessment, and data extraction. The outcome data were extracted from each included study and synthesized using weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs). Pooled data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS In total, 2327 relevant studies were identified, 15 of which were found to be eligible randomized controlled trials and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling of the extracted data demonstrated that probiotic consumption significantly reduced the whole GTT by 13.75 h [95% confidence interval (CI): -21.93 to -5.56 h] and increased the stool frequency by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.36 to 1.60) bowel movements per week. This increase was significant with the consumption of multispecies probiotics [at least two bacteria; WMD: 1.22 (95% CI: 0.50 to 1.94) bowel movements per week] but not with the consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis [WMD: 1.34 (95% CI: -0.27 to 2.94) bowel movements per week] or B. longum [WMD: -0.02 (95% CI: -0.56 to 0.53) bowel movements per week] alone. Multispecies probiotics (WMD: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.72 to 2.01), but not single-species probiotics (WMD: 1.18; 95% CI: -0.59 to 2.96), improved stool consistency (WMD: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.22 to 2.38). Similarly, multispecies probiotics (at least two bacteria; WMD: -0.49; 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.13), but not single-species probiotics (WMD: -0.24; 95% CI: -0.55 to 0.07), significantly decreased bloating. Performance bias were high, whereas detection bias was unclear because of inadequate reporting. CONCLUSION Consumption of probiotics, in particular, multispecies probiotics, may substantially reduce the GTT, increase the stool frequency, and improve the stool consistency. Thus, probiotics can be regarded as safe and natural agents for alleviation of functional constipation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, 225004, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China
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Gómez-Gallego C, Gueimonde M, Salminen S. The role of yogurt in food-based dietary guidelines. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:29-39. [PMID: 30452698 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern food technology era, one of the aims of food safety and quality is to eliminate or reduce the number of microorganisms in food. This may now be changing. In particular, the importance of live microorganisms as beneficial food constituents is now being recognized. Microorganisms present in food that contribute to the human diet include not only viable bacteria but also metabolites and bioactive components. Yogurt is one of the most biologically active foods consumed by humans. It is an excellent source of proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Additionally, the nutritional value is especially high relative to cost. Potential nutritional benefits are also associated with the ingestion of the bacteria that are ordinarily present at the time of consumption. Thus, yogurt serves as a major source of live bacteria in the human diet, as well as a delivery vehicle for added probiotic bacteria. Yogurt may provide a simple and affordable solution for enhancing the nutritional value of the diet, including the intake of live bacteria and their metabolites. A further benefit may be obtained when yogurt is used as a carrier for specific probiotic bacteria and/or prebiotic compounds. These factors suggest that yogurt could have a more visible role in food-based dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Öztürk Y, Öztürk N. Plant- and Nutraceutical-based Approach for the Management of Diabetes and its Neurological Complications: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3536-3549. [PMID: 31612820 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191014165633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important metabolic disease affecting many organs and systems in the body. The nervous system is one of the body systems affected by diabetes and neuropathic complications are troublesome in diabetic patients with many consequences. As diabetes has deleterious influences almost on bodily systems, an integrative approach seems to be necessary accepting the body as a whole and integrating body systems with lifestyle and living environment. Like some traditional health systems such as Ayurveda, integrative approach includes additional modalities to overcome both diabetes and diabetic complications. In general, these modalities consist of nutraceuticals and plant products. Prebiotics and probiotics are two types of nutraceuticals having active ingredients, such as antioxidants, nutrient factors, microorganisms, etc. Many plants are indicated for the cure of diabetes. All of these may be employed in the prevention and in the non-pharmacological management of mildto- moderate diabetes. Severe diabetes should require appropriate drug selection. Being complementary, prebiotics, probiotics, plants and exercise may be additive for the drug therapy of diabetes. Similarly, there are complementary approaches to prevent and cure neurological and/or behavioral manifestations of diabetes, which may be included in therapy and prevention plans. A scheme is given for the prevention and therapy of comorbid depression, which is one of the most common behavioral complications of diabetes. Within this scheme, the main criterion for the selection of modalities is the severity of diseases, so that personalized management may be developed for diabetic patients using prebiotics and probiotics in their diets, plants and drugs avoiding possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Öztürk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Tepebasi 26120, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Öztürk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26120, Tepebasi, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Airaksinen K, Yeung N, Lyra A, Lahtinen SJ, Huttunen T, Shanahan F, Ouwehand AC. The effect of a probiotic blend on gastrointestinal symptoms in constipated patients: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled 2-week trial. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:617-627. [PMID: 31131616 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selected strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are known to ameliorate constipation-related symptoms and have previously shown efficacy on digestive health. In this clinical trial, the safety and effectiveness of a probiotic blend containing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were evaluated in adults with self-reported bloating and functional constipation. Constipation was diagnosed by the Rome III criteria. A total of 156 adults were randomised into this double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Participants consumed the combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (1010 cfu), Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 (2.5×109 cfu), Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains Bl-04 (2.5×109 cfu), Bi-07 (2.5×109 cfu) and HN019 (1010 cfu) (n=78), or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) (n=78) for two weeks. After treatment the following were measured: primary outcome of bloating and secondary outcomes of colonic transit time, bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, other gastrointestinal symptoms (flatulence, abdominal pain, and burbling), constipation-related questionnaires (PAC-SYM and PAC-QoL) and product satisfaction. Faecal recovery of consumed strains was determined. The enrolled population was defined as constipated, however, the initial bloating severity was lower than in previous similar studies. No clinically significant observations related to the safety of the product were reported. Product efficacy was not shown in the primary analysis for bloating nor for the secondary efficacy analyses. The placebo functioned similarly as the probiotic product. In post-hoc analysis, a statistically significant decrease in flatulence in favour of the probiotic group was observed; day 7 (intention-to-treat (ITT): P=0.0313; per-protocol (PP): 0.0253) and on day 14 (ITT: P=0.0116; PP: P=0.0102) as measured by area under the curve (AUC) analysis. The mean AUC of all symptoms decreased in favour of the probiotic group, indicating less digestive discomfort. The study was registered at the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN41607808).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Airaksinen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - N Yeung
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - A Lyra
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - S J Lahtinen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - T Huttunen
- 4Pharma Ltd, Tykistökatu 4, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - F Shanahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A C Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health & Nutrition Science, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland
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Sotoudegan F, Daniali M, Hassani S, Nikfar S, Abdollahi M. Reappraisal of probiotics’ safety in human. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zheng H, Chen Q, Chen M, Wu X, She TW, Li J, Huang DQ, Yue L, Fang JQ. Nonpharmacological conservative treatments for chronic functional constipation: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13441. [PMID: 30125427 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with functional chronic constipation (CFC) often select nonpharmacological treatments. We aimed to examine the comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological conservative treatments in treating CFC. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, AMED, ISI web of knowledge, and conference proceedings from January 2000 to June 2016. Randomized controlled trials comparing nonpharmacological conservative treatments with placebo, sham interventions, or conventional treatments were included. Nonpharmacological conservative treatments were defined as interventions without involvement of medication or surgery. We extracted trial data in duplicate and assessed the risk of bias. We pooled continuous data using standard mean differences (SMDs) and binary data using risk ratios (RRs), and we provided their 95% confidence intervals. KEY RESULTS We included 33 trials (4324 participants and 8 nonpharmacological treatments). Compared with placebo interventions, TENS (SMD 1.60, 95% CI 0.28-2.92), probiotic (SMD 1.40, 95% CI 0.94-1.86), and acupuncture (SMD 1.00, 95% CI 0.39-1.60) had significantly larger effect on stool frequency; acupuncture (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14-2.14) had significantly higher responder rate; and moxibustion (SMD 2.50, 95% CI 0.05-4.95) had significant larger effect on Bristol score. Compared with laxative, acupuncture had significantly larger effect on stool frequency (RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.16-3.49) and had lower rate of adverse events (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.80). CONCLUSIONS TENS and acupuncture relatively ranked the best in managing CFC, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to small study effects. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42014006686.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Chen
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical College, Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian-Wei She
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Quan Huang
- Clinical College, Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, The Third Teaching Hospital, Institute of Acupuncture and Homeostasis Regulation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- The Third Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang H, Zhang L, Xu S, Pan J, Zhang Q, Lu R. Surface-Layer Protein from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation through MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7655-7662. [PMID: 29975056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our research was to evaluate the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effects of surface-layer protein (Slp) derived from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Our results presented that Slp, with an apparent size of 46 kDa, attenuated the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, 10 μg mL-1 of Slp significantly inhibited NO and PGE2 production ( P < 0.001) through downregulating the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein. Furthermore, Slp was found to inhibit NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus to activate inflammatory gene transcription. These findings suggest that Slp is a potential immune-modulating bioactive protein derived from probiotics and holds promise for use as an additive in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health , 20 Qian Rong , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214063 , China
| | - Shichen Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
- Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine , Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health , 20 Qian Rong , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214063 , China
| | - Jie Pan
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
| | - Rongrong Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , China
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Liu CJ, Tang XD, Yu J, Zhang HY, Li XR. Gut microbiota alterations from different Lactobacillus probiotic-fermented yoghurt treatments in slow-transit constipation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Rossi G, Jergens A, Cerquetella M, Berardi S, Di Cicco E, Bassotti G, Pengo G, Suchodolski JS. Effects of a probiotic (SLAB51™) on clinical and histologic variables and microbiota of cats with chronic constipation/megacolon: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2017; 9:101-110. [PMID: 29065705 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic constipation (CC) and idiopathic megacolon (IMC) occur frequently in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a multi-strain probiotic (SLAB51™) in constipated cats (n=7) and in patients with megacolon and constipation (n=3). Ten pet cats with a diagnosis of chronic constipation, non-responsive to medical management received orally 2×1011 bacteria daily for 90 days. For microbiota analysis, selected bacterial groups were analysed by qPCR. Histological samples in megacolons were evaluated for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), enteric neurons, and neuronal apoptosis. Biopsies were compared at baseline (T0) and after the end of treatment (T1), and with those obtained from healthy control tissues (archived material from five healthy cats). Constipated cats displayed significantly lower ICC, and cats with idiopathic megacolon had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurons than controls. After treatment with SLAB51™, significant decreases were observed for feline chronic enteropathy activity index (FCEAI) (P=0.006), faecal consistency score, and mucosal histology scores (P<0.001). In contrast, a significant increase of ICC was observed after probiotic therapy. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes were increased significantly after treatment (comparing constipated cats before and after treatment, and control healthy cats to constipated cats after treatment), but no other differences in microbiota were found between healthy controls and constipated cats. Treatment with SLAB51™ in cats with chronic constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed significant clinical improvement after treatment, and histological parameters suggest a potential anti-inflammatory effect of SLAB51™, associated with a reduction of mucosal infiltration, and restoration of the number of interstitial cells of Cajal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rossi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - A Jergens
- 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA
| | - M Cerquetella
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - S Berardi
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - E Di Cicco
- 1 School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy
| | - G Bassotti
- 3 Gastroenterology & Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Pengo
- 4 Clinic 'St. Antonio', Strada Statale 415, km 38,50, 26020 Madignano (CR), Italy
| | - J S Suchodolski
- 5 Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station 4474, 77843 TX, USA
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Miller LE, Ouwehand AC, Ibarra A. Effects of probiotic-containing products on stool frequency and intestinal transit in constipated adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:629-639. [PMID: 29118557 PMCID: PMC5670282 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Probiotics are commonly recommended for the alleviation of constipation symptoms. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of probiotic-containing products on stool frequency and intestinal transit time (ITT) in constipated adults and to determine the factors that influence the efficacy of these products. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials that measured weekly stool frequency or ITT in constipated adults receiving probiotic-containing supplements. A random effects meta-analysis was performed; stool frequency was summarized by the mean difference statistic and ITT was summarized by the standardized mean difference (SMD) statistic. Meta-regression and diagnostic model performance testing were used to identify publication bias and sources of heterogeneity. Results: A total of 21 studies (23 comparisons) comprising 2656 subjects were included. All studies utilized probiotics containing Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species. Probiotic-containing products resulted in a mean increase in weekly stool frequency of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53-1.14, P<0.001). There was high heterogeneity among the studies (I2=85%, P<0.001) and evidence of significant publication bias (Egger’s P-value <0.01). After adjustment for publication bias, the mean difference in weekly stool frequency was reduced from 0.83 to 0.30. The effects on stool frequency were greater in studies where functional constipation was diagnosed using Rome III (P<0.01), or Rome II or III criteria (P<0.05), compared to non-Rome diagnosis techniques. Probiotic-containing products were also efficacious in reducing ITT (SMD=0.65, 95%CI 0.33-0.97, P<0.001). There was high heterogeneity among studies (I2=66%, P<0.01), but no evidence of publication bias (Egger’s P-value=0.52). A larger total sample size was associated with greater efficacy as regards ITT (P=0.03). The probiotic species, the number of probiotic strains and the daily probiotic dosage had no influence on the outcomes. Conclusion: Supplementation with products containing Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium species increases stool frequency and reduces ITT in constipated adults. However, since significant heterogeneity in outcomes was detected among the studies analyzed, the results should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Miller
- Miller Scientific Consulting, Inc., Asheville, NC, United States (Larry E. Miller)
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Arthur C. Ouwehand, Alvin Ibarra)
| | - Alvin Ibarra
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland (Arthur C. Ouwehand, Alvin Ibarra)
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Evolutionary and ecological forces that shape the bacterial communities of the human gut. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:567-579. [PMID: 28145439 PMCID: PMC5700752 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since microbes were first described in the mid-1600s, we have come to appreciate that they live all around and within us with both beneficial and detrimental effects on nearly every aspect of our lives. The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a dynamic community of trillions of bacteria that constantly interact with each other and their human host. The acquisition of these bacteria is not stochastic but determined by circumstance (environment), host rules (genetics, immune state, mucus, etc), and dynamic self-selection among microbes to form stable, resilient communities that are in balance with the host. In this review, we will discuss how these factors lead to formation of the gut bacterial community and influence its interactions with the host. We will also address how gut bacteria contribute to disease and how they could potentially be targeted to prevent and treat a variety of human ailments.
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Dalziel JE, Anderson RC, Peters JS, Lynch AT, Spencer NJ, Dekker J, Roy NC. Promotility Action of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 Extract Compared with Prucalopride in Isolated Rat Large Intestine. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:20. [PMID: 28184185 PMCID: PMC5266733 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention is increasingly being focussed on probiotics as potential agents to restore or improve gastrointestinal (GI) transit. Determining mechanism of action would support robust health claims. The probiotic bacterium Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 reduces transit time, but its mechanisms of action and effects on motility patterns are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in GI motility induced by an extract of HN019 on distinct patterns of colonic motility in isolated rat large intestine, compared with a known promotility modulator, prucalopride. The large intestines from male Sprague Dawley rats (3–6 months) were perfused with Kreb's buffer at 37°C in an oxygenated tissue bath. Isometric force transducers recorded changes in circular muscle activity at four independent locations assessing contractile propagation between the proximal colon and the rectum. HN019 extract was perfused through the tissue bath and differences in tension and frequency quantified relative to pre-treatment controls. Prucalopride (1 μM) increased the frequency of propagating contractions (by 75 ± 26%) in the majority of preparations studied (10/12), concurrently decreasing the frequency of non-propagating contractions (by 50 ± 11%). HN019 extract had no effect on contractile activity during exposure (n = 8). However, following wash out, contraction amplitude of propagating contractions increased (by 55 ± 18%) in the distal colon, while the frequency of non-propagating proximal contractions decreased by 57 ± 7%. The prokinetic action of prucalopride increased the frequency of synchronous contractions along the length of colon, likely explaining increased colonic rate of transit in vivo. HN019 extract modified motility patterns in a different manner by promoting propagating contractile amplitude and inhibiting non-propagations, also demonstrating prokinetic activity consistent with the reduction of constipation by B. lactis HN019 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C Anderson
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearchPalmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jason S Peters
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Amy T Lynch
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Flinders University, School of Medicine Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - James Dekker
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Food Nutrition and Health Team, Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearchPalmerston North, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Massey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand
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Yu T, Zheng YP, Tan JC, Xiong WJ, Wang Y, Lin L. Effects of Prebiotics and Synbiotics on Functional Constipation. Am J Med Sci 2016; 353:282-292. [PMID: 28262216 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of prebiotics and synbiotics on adults with functional constipation (FC). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for literature published up to February 2015. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported administration of prebiotics or synbiotics to adults with FC. The end points included stool frequency, stool consistency and other symptoms related to constipation. Mean differences (MD) or standard mean differences (SMD) were used for continuous outcomes and risk ratios for discontinuous outcomes using a random-effects model. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to determine the quality of the trials. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to analyze for publication bias. We included 5 RCTs involving 199 patients who were administered prebiotics and 8 RCTs involving 825 patients who were administered synbiotics. Prebiotics increased weekly stool frequency (MD: 1.01bowel movements/week, 95% CI: 0.04-1.99) and improved stool consistency (SMD: -0.59, 95% CI: -1.16 to -0.02). Subgroup analysis showed specific effects for galacto-oligosaccharides on stool frequency, consistency, ease of defecation and abdominal pain. Synbiotics significantly improved stool frequency (MD: 1.15bowel movements/week, 95% CI: 0.58-1.71), consistency (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.33-0.92) and reduced whole-gut transit time (MD: 13.52, 95% CI: -26.56 to -0.49) in patients with FC. Subgroup analysis showed specific effects for fructo-oligosaccharides and probiotic combinations on stool frequency, consistency, straining defecation and bloating. Galacto-oligosaccharides and synbiotics made up of fructo-oligosaccharides with probiotic combinations may improve stool frequency, consistency and some other symptoms related to constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing , Jiangsu Province, China.
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do Carmo MMR, Walker JCL, Novello D, Caselato VM, Sgarbieri VC, Ouwehand AC, Andreollo NA, Hiane PA, Dos Santos EF. Polydextrose: Physiological Function, and Effects on Health. Nutrients 2016; 8:E553. [PMID: 27618093 PMCID: PMC5037538 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydextrose (PDX) is a non-digestible oligosaccharide used widely across most sectors of the food industry. It is a randomly linked glucose oligomer containing small amounts of sorbitol and citric acid. The random bonds in PDX prevent mammalian digestive enzymes from readily hydrolyzing the molecule and it has a reported energy value of 1 kcal/g. These properties have led to the acceptance in many countries that PDX provides similar physiological effects as other dietary fibers and has shown prebiotic potential. Dietary intervention with prebiotics has been shown to selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of intestinal bacteria associated with several physiological benefits on health. Therefore, the objective of this review was a survey of the literature on the effect of supplementation with PDX in health, and to list the benefits for maintaining health and/or reducing the development of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Moreira Ramiro do Carmo
- Food Technology and Public Health Division, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Julia Clara Leite Walker
- Food Technology and Public Health Division, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Daiana Novello
- Sector of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, State University of Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava 85040-080, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Valeria Maria Caselato
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Kantvik 02460, Finland.
| | - Nelson Adami Andreollo
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Food Technology and Public Health Division, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Elisvânia Freitas Dos Santos
- Food Technology and Public Health Division, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Miller LE, Zimmermann AK, Ouwehand AC. Contemporary meta-analysis of short-term probiotic consumption on gastrointestinal transit. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5122-5131. [PMID: 27275105 PMCID: PMC4886388 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the efficacy of probiotic supplementation on intestinal transit time (ITT) in adults and to identify factors that influence these outcomes.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotic supplementation that measured ITT in adults. Study quality was assessed using the Jadad scale. A random effects meta-analysis was performed with standardized mean difference (SMD) of ITT between probiotic and control groups as the primary outcome. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses examined the impact of moderator variables on SMD of ITT.
RESULTS: A total of 15 clinical trials with 17 treatment effects representing 675 subjects were included in this analysis. Probiotic supplementation was moderately efficacious in decreasing ITT compared to control, with an SMD of 0.38 (95%CI: 0.23-0.53, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated statistically greater reductions in ITT with probiotics in subjects with vs without constipation (SMD: 0.57 vs 0.22, P < 0.01) and in studies with high vs low study quality (SMD: 0.45 vs 0.00, P = 0.01). Constipation (R2 = 38%, P < 0.01), higher study quality (R2 = 31%, P = 0.01), older age (R2 = 27%, P = 0.02), higher percentage of female subjects (R2 = 26%, P = 0.02), and fewer probiotic strains (R2 = 20%, P < 0.05) were predictive of decreased ITT with probiotics in meta-regression. Medium to large treatment effects were identified with B. lactis HN019 (SMD: 0.67, P < 0.001) and B. lactis DN-173 010 (SMD: 0.54, P < 0.01) while other probiotic strains yielded negligible reductions in ITT relative to control.
CONCLUSION: Probiotic supplementation is moderately efficacious for reducing ITT in adults. Probiotics were most efficacious in constipated subjects, when evaluated in high-quality studies, and with certain probiotic strains.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to highlight recent research developments on effects of the dietary fibre polydextrose (PDX) on appetite, satiety and energy intake and glucose metabolism. For this purpose, clinically relevant human studies were reviewed and putative mechanisms and pathways were discussed. RECENT FINDINGS A number of acute human intervention studies provide strong indications for an energy and glucose metabolism-regulating role of PDX. These effects might be mediated via a reduced gastro-intestinal transit reducing glycaemia and insulinemia after PDX ingestion and the potential of PDX as soluble dietary fibre to alter the intestinal microbial composition, which might lead to changes in signalling in both peripheral and central pathways involved in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. SUMMARY In acute studies, PDX seems to have an inhibiting effect on energy intake and satiety and to reduce glycaemic and insulinemic response through effect on gastro-intestinal transit time and macronutrient absorption as well as through effects of the microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids on energy and substrate metabolism. In particular, well controlled human intervention studies are required to confirm these effects in the long term. Overall, supplement PDX to the daily diet may be a promising approach for the management and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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The use of probiotics versus psyllium husk as a bowel preparation for prostate radiotherapy: a retrospective analysis. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396915000254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIntroductionThe use of bowel preparation strategies to reduce the degree of rectal distension during prostate radiotherapy is well documented. This retrospective pilot study analysed and compared a probiotic agent against a psyllium-supplemented diet to establish the feasibility of probiotics as a bowel preparation for patients receiving radical radiotherapy for prostate cancer.MethodA retrospective chart review of five patients taking probiotics and five taking psyllium husk (psyllium) during their course of radiotherapy treatment was conducted. On treatment, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were compared with planning CTs to quantify inter-fractional variation in rectal volume and distension.ResultsForty-five CBCT scans were available in both the psyllium and probiotics groups for analysis. Variation in mean difference in rectal volume from planning (ΔRV), mean rectal cross-section area (CSA) and mean relative cross-section area (CSArel) was significantly increased for the probiotics group compared with the psyllium group (p=0·001, 0·008 and 0·007, respectively). No statistically significant differences in mean ΔRV, CSA and CSArel were detected between the two groups.ConclusionThis retrospective analysis suggests that a probiotics-based bowel preparation that utilises Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis may result in increased rectal volume and CSA variation throughout treatment in comparison with a psyllium-supplemented diet.
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Ushkalova EA, Gushchina YS. Linex forte in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:138-144. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20158712138-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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