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Collins SM, Gibson GR, Stainton GN, Bertocco A, Kennedy OB, Walton GE, Commane DM. Chronic consumption of a blend of inulin and arabinoxylan reduces energy intake in an ad libitum meal but does not influence perceptions of appetite and satiety: a randomised control-controlled crossover trial. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03136-6. [PMID: 37046122 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prebiotic foods can be used to increase production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the gut. Of the SCFA, propionate is credited with the strongest anorectic activity. In previous work, a 50/50 blend of inulin and arabinoxylan was produced (I + AX) that significantly increased propionate production in an in vitro gut model. This study sought to establish whether chronic consumption of a prebiotic blend of I + AX decreases appetite and energy intake and increases intestinal propionate production in human participants. METHODS MIXSAT (clinicaltrials.gov id: NCT02846454, August 2016) was a double-blind randomised acute-within-chronic crossover feeding trial in healthy adult men (n = 20). Treatments were 8 g per day I + AX for 21 days or weight-matched maltodextrin control. The primary outcome measure was perceived satiety and appetite during an acute study visit. Secondary outcomes were energy intake in an ad libitum meal, faecal SCFA concentration, and faecal microbiota composition. RESULTS Perceived satiety and appetite were not affected by the intervention. I + AX was associated with a reduction in energy intake in an ad libitum meal, increased faecal SCFA concentration, and an increase in cell counts of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, and other microbial genera associated with health. IMPLICATIONS Chronic consumption of this blend of prebiotics decreased energy intake in a single sitting. Further studies are needed to confirm mechanism of action and to determine whether this might be useful in weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineaid M Collins
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK.
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - Gavin N Stainton
- Herbalife Nutrition, The Atrium, 1 Harefield Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Andrea Bertocco
- Herbalife Nutrition, The Atrium, 1 Harefield Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Orla B Kennedy
- Herbalife Nutrition, The Atrium, 1 Harefield Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Gemma E Walton
- Herbalife Nutrition, The Atrium, 1 Harefield Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Daniel M Commane
- Applied and Health Sciences, Northumbria University, Tyne and Wear, UK
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Bastings JJAJ, Venema K, Blaak EE, Adam TC. Influence of the gut microbiota on satiety signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:243-255. [PMID: 36870872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show a link between the gut microbiota and the regulation of satiety and energy intake, processes that contribute to the development and pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. However, this link is predominantly established in animal and in vitro studies, whereas human intervention studies are scarce. In this review we focus on recent evidence linking satiety and the gut microbiome, with specific emphasis on gut microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Based on a systematic search we provide an overview of human studies linking the intake of prebiotics with gut microbial alterations and satiety signaling. Our outcomes highlight the importance of in-depth examination of the gut microbiota in relation to satiety and provide insights into recent and future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacco J A J Bastings
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Fiore G, Pascuzzi MC, Di Profio E, Corsello A, Agostinelli M, La Mendola A, Milanta C, Campoy C, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Bioactive compounds in childhood obesity and associated metabolic complications: Current evidence, controversies and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106599. [PMID: 36503001 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents the most frequent chronic disease among children worldwide, with a significant global burden on society. Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) can affect children since their first years of life, and novel therapeutic strategies to tackle metabolic complications are under investigation. This review focuses on bioactive compounds and their possible beneficial effects on obesity, particularly omega-3, docosahexaenoic acid, vitamin D, biotics, polysaccharide macromolecules, polyphenols, inositols, alpha lipoic acid, and bromelaine. Our aim is to summarize current evidence about bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity, highlighting recent findings on their use in children and adolescents. Most studied molecules are omega-3 and vitamin D, despite the heterogeneity between the studies. Moreover, given the emerging interest in the gut-brain axis in the link between metabolic health and microbiota, various studies on prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics and polysaccharide macromolecules have been considered. Some preclinical studies seem to highlight a possible role of the polyphenols, even if their clinical evidence is still discussed. Lastly, we describe possible effects of inositols and alpha-lipoic acid. Despite some dietary supplements seem to be promising in overweight subjects, only in a few of them a dose/response efficacy has been found in the pediatric age. Innovative, well-designed and targeted clinical trials are then needed to prove the beneficial effects of these compounds that could support the standard behavioral therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Marta Agostinelli
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital. Health Sciences Technological Park, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20144 Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 36193993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers prevent obesity through reduction of hunger and prolongation of satiety. A number of mechanical and endocrine signals from gastrointestinal tract are stimulated by fibers and their fermentation products, reach regions of brain involved in the regulation of appetite, and ultimately reduce food intake. Gastric distention, delayed gastric emptying, prevention of hypoglycemic, increased amounts of unabsorbed nutrients reaching to the ileum, and stimulation of enteroendocrine cells for secretion of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are among mechanisms of fibers in decreasing hunger and prolongation of satiety. Fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids that also stimulates enteroendocrine cells to secrete GLP-1 and PYY. Randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in energy intake and body weight along with increased satiation and reduced hunger following consumption of fibers. Prospective cohort studies have confirmed these results but the extent of weight loss in some studies has been small. Controversies exist between studies particularly for the effect of fibers on the gastrointestinal hormones, subsequent food intake, and the resultant weight loss. More studies are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn especially for the effect of fibers on appetite-related hormones and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zhu L, Guo F, Guo Z, Chen X, Qian X, Li X, Li X, Li J, Wang X, Jia W. Potential health benefits of lowering gas production and bifidogenic effect of the blends of polydextrose with inulin in a human gut model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:934621. [PMID: 35967807 PMCID: PMC9372503 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.934621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydextrose is a nutrient supplement, which is widely applied in the food industry. The use of polydextrose in combination with prebiotics and probiotics has recently increased, whereas the fermentation properties of its blend have not yet been fully revealed. We evaluated the metabolic profile of polydextrose, inulin, and their blends by a batch in vitro fermentation of fifteen human fecal inocula. After 24 h of fermentation, polydextrose increased the production of gas, ammonia, and several short chain fatty acids, including propionate and butyrate, when compared to its blends, inulin, and fructo-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, polydextrose had the slowest degradation rate of all the carbohydrates tested, consistent with its partial fermentation in the distal colon. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiome exhibited significantly increased relative abundance of Clostridium_XVIII, Megamonas, Mitsuokella, and Erysipelotrichaceae_incertae_sedis in polydextrose compared to other carbohydrates. On the other hand, the blends of polydextrose and inulin (1:1 or 2:1) showed reduced gas production and similar bifidogenicity to inulin alone. The blends not only had similar alpha-diversity and PCoA to inulin but also had a similar abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, suggesting potential health benefits. Also their low gas production was likely due to the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Anaerostipes, which were negatively correlated with gas production. Additionally, our in vitro fermentation model shows advantages in the large-scale assessment of fermentation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhu
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Henan Tailijie Biotech Co., Ltd., Mengzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Guo
- Henan Tailijie Biotech Co., Ltd., Mengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Fengning Pingan High-Tech Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoguo Qian
- Fengning Pingan High-Tech Industrial Co., Ltd., Chengde, China
| | | | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Jia
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
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D M, BG B, E S, S A, VO L, NA B. May polydextrose potentially improve gut health in patients with chronic kidney disease? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chavanelle V, Chanon S, Pinteur C, Loizon E, Vial G, Otero YF, Le Joubioux F, Maugard T, Peltier SL, Sirvent P, Morio B. Impact of TOTUM-63, a fibre and polyphenol rich plant-based composition, on gut and pancreatic hormone secretion in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1797-1807. [PMID: 35618560 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS TOTUM-63, a fibre and polyphenol rich plant-based composition, has been demonstrated to significantly improve body weight and glucose homeostasis in animal models of obesity. Our study aimed at exploring whether the mechanisms include modulation of gut (glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like petide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY (PYY)) and pancreatic (insulin, glucagon) hormones, all important regulators of glucose control, appetite and body weight. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6JRJ mice were assigned to either standard chow (CON), high fat diet (HF, 60% energy from fat) or HF-TOTUM-63 (HF diet 60% supplemented with TOTUM-63 2.7%) for 10 weeks. In vivo glucose homeostasis (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), intraperitoneal pyruvate tolerance test (ipPTT)), glucose-induced portal vein hormone concentration, gut hormone gene expression and protein content as well as enteroendocrine cell contents were assessed at the end of the dietary intervention. The present study evidenced that TOTUM-63 reduced food intake, limited weight gain and improved glucose and pyruvate tolerance of HF-fed animals. This was associated with an increase in PYY content in the colon, an altered pattern of PYY secretion between fasted and glucose-stimulated states, and with a significant improvement in the portal vein concentration of GLP-1, insulin and glucagon, but not GIP and CCK, in response to glucose stimulation. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that TOTUM-63 might have a specific impact on gut L-cells and on the expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY incretins, potentially contributing to the reduced food intake, body weight gain and improved glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Chanon
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Inserm U 1042, Laboratoire INSERM U1042, Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2), Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Maugard
- La Rochelle Université - LIENSs UMR CNRS 7266, La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | - Béatrice Morio
- Université Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Oullins, France.
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Khan A, Ali H, Rehman UU, Belduz AO, Bibi A, Abdurahman MA, Shah AA, Badshah M, Hasan F, Kilic AO, Ullah A, Jahan S, Rehman MMU, Mansoor R, Khan S. Prebiotic potential of enzymatically prepared resistant starch in reshaping gut microbiota and their respond to body physiology. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267318. [PMID: 35576192 PMCID: PMC9109903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in consumer demand for high-quality food products has led to growth in the use of new technologies and ingredients. Resistant starch (RS) is a recently recognised source of fibre and has received much attention for its potential health benefits and functional properties. However, knowledge about the fate of RS in modulating complex intestinal communities, the microbial members involved in its degradation, enhancement of microbial metabolites, and its functional role in body physiology is still limited. For this purpose, the current study was designed to ratify the physiological and functional health benefits of enzymatically prepared resistant starch (EM-RSIII) from maize flour. To approve the beneficial health effects as prebiotic, EM-RSIII was supplemented in rat diets. After 21 days of the experiment, EM-RSIII fed rats showed a significant reduction in body weight gain, fecal pH, glycemic response, serum lipid profile, insulin level and reshaping gut microbiota, and enhancing short-chain fatty acid compared to control. The count of butyrate-producing and starch utilizing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus genus in rat’s gut, elevated after the consumption of medium and high doses of EM-RSIII, while the E. coli completely suppressed in high EM-RSIII fed rats. Short-chain fatty acids precisely increased in feces of EM-RSIII feed rats. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the effect of butyrate on functional and physiological alteration on the body had been investigated during the current study. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated the unprecedented effect of utilising EM-RSIII as a diet on body physiology and redesigning gut microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ubaid Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Osman Belduz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Amna Bibi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Osman Kilic
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mansoor
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ruuskanen MO, Erawijantari PP, Havulinna AS, Liu Y, Méric G, Tuomilehto J, Inouye M, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Jain M, Knight R, Lahti L, Niiranen TJ. Gut Microbiome Composition Is Predictive of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in a Population Cohort of 5,572 Finnish Adults. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:811-818. [PMID: 35100347 PMCID: PMC9016732 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the previously unknown long-term association between gut microbiome composition and incident type 2 diabetes in a representative population cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We collected fecal samples from 5,572 Finns (mean age 48.7 years; 54.1% women) in 2002 who were followed up for incident type 2 diabetes until 31 December 2017. The samples were sequenced using shotgun metagenomics. We examined associations between gut microbiome composition and incident diabetes using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. We first used the eastern Finland subpopulation to obtain initial findings and validated these in the western Finland subpopulation. RESULTS Altogether, 432 cases of incident diabetes occurred over the median follow-up of 15.8 years. We detected four species and two clusters consistently associated with incident diabetes in the validation models. These four species were Clostridium citroniae (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21; 95% CI 1.04-1.42), C. bolteae (HR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04-1.39), Tyzzerella nexilis (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.36), and Ruminococcus gnavus (HR 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.36). The positively associated clusters, cluster 1 (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.38) and cluster 5 (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02-1.36), mostly consisted of these same species. CONCLUSIONS We observed robust species-level taxonomic features predictive of incident type 2 diabetes over long-term follow-up. These findings build on and extend previous mainly cross-sectional evidence and further support links between dietary habits, metabolic diseases, and type 2 diabetes that are modulated by the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can potentially be used to improve disease prediction and uncover novel therapeutic targets for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti O. Ruuskanen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Corresponding author: Matti O. Ruuskanen,
| | | | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yang Liu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mohit Jain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rob Knight
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu J. Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Effect of ultrafine grinding technology combined with high-pressure, microwave and high-temperature cooking technology on the physicochemical properties of bean dregs. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Yde CC, Jensen HM, Christensen N, Servant F, Lelouvier B, Lahtinen S, Stenman LK, Airaksinen K, Kailanto HM. Polydextrose with and without Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 drives the prevalence of Akkermansia and improves liver health in a multi-compartmental obesogenic mice study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260765. [PMID: 34855861 PMCID: PMC8638982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades of research have raised gut microbiota composition as a contributing factor to the development of obesity, and higher abundance of certain bacterial species has been linked to the lean phenotype, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. The ability of pre- and probiotics to affect metabolic health could be via microbial community alterations and subsequently changes in metabolite profiles, modulating for example host energy balance via complex signaling pathways. The aim of this mice study was to determine how administration of a prebiotic fiber, polydextrose (PDX) and a probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420), during high fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) affects microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, and metabolite levels in gut and liver. In this study C57Bl/6J mice (N = 200) were split in five treatments and daily gavaged: 1) Normal control (NC); 2) HFD; 3) HFD + PDX; 4) HFD + B420 or 5) HFD + PDX + B420 (HFD+S). At six weeks of treatment intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and feces were collected at weeks 0, 3, 6 and 9. At end of the intervention, ileum and colon mucosa, adipose tissue and liver samples were collected. The microbiota composition in fecal, ileum, colon and adipose tissue was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, fecal and liver metabolomics were performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that HFD+PDX intervention reduced body weight gain and hepatic fat compared to HFD. Sequencing the mice adipose tissue (MAT) identified Akkermansia and its prevalence was increased in HFD+S group. Furthermore, by the inclusion of PDX, fecal, lleum and colon levels of Akkermansia were increased and liver health was improved as the detoxification capacity and levels of methyl-donors were increased. These new results demonstrate how PDX and B420 can affect the interactions between gut, liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Clement Yde
- IFF Enabling Technologies, Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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12
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Azlan A, Ebadi S, Yusof BNM, Othman NMH, Kannar D, Sultana S, Mahmood Z. Determination of Satiety, Glycaemic Profiles, Total Antioxidant Capacity and Postprandial Glycemic Responses of Minimally Refined Sugar and Others in Malaysian Healthy Adults. Nutrition 2021; 97:111551. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Effects of different physical technology on compositions and characteristics of bean dregs. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Arora T, Vanslette AM, Hjorth SA, Bäckhed F. Microbial regulation of enteroendocrine cells. MED 2021; 2:553-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Wynne JL, Ehlert AM, Wilson PB. Effects of high-carbohydrate versus mixed-macronutrient meals on female soccer physiology and performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1125-1134. [PMID: 33484335 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Athletes are often told to minimize intakes of fiber, fat, and protein in pre-competition meals to avoid gut distress, but this guidance is based on scant direct evidence. This study evaluated the physiological and perceptual effects of pre-competition mixed-macronutrient (MM) and high-carbohydrate (HCHO) meals in collegiate female soccer players. METHODS Fifteen players participated in this randomized, investigator-blinded, crossover study involving two ~ 1000-kcal meals (HCHO and MM) consumed 4 h prior to 70-min scrimmages. Assessments included global positioning system (GPS) tracking, heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), ratings of fatigue (ROF), gut symptoms, and perceptions of satiety, hunger, and fullness. Differences between conditions for HR, RPE, ROF, and gut symptoms were evaluated with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. GPS data and hunger, satiety, and fullness scores were compared using within-subjects repeated measures ANOVAs. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the conditions at any time point for HR, RPE, ROF, or gut symptoms. Significant time effects were found for two GPS variables (total distance covered and high-speed running), indicating that participants covered less distance during the second half of the scrimmages in comparison to the first half. However, there were no significant condition or condition × time interactions for GPS data. Finally, there were no condition or condition × time interactions for hunger, fullness, and satiety, though significant time effects were observed. CONCLUSION A MM meal consumed 4 h prior to 70 min of soccer competition does not increase gut symptoms and can be similarly ergogenic as a HCHO meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison L Wynne
- Human Performance Laboratory, Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, 2003A Student Recreation Center, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Alex M Ehlert
- Human Performance Laboratory, Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, 2003A Student Recreation Center, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Patrick B Wilson
- Human Performance Laboratory, Human Movement Sciences Department, Old Dominion University, 2003A Student Recreation Center, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
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16
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Adriano LS, Dionísio AP, Pinto de Abreu FA, Wurlitzer NJ, Cordeiro de Melo BR, Ferreira Carioca AA, de Carvalho Sampaio HA. Acute postprandial effect of yacon syrup ingestion on appetite: A double blind randomized crossover clinical trial. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109648. [PMID: 33233227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yacon syrup is a rich source of fructooligosaccharides (FOS); however, its diet supplementation effect on subjective sensation and appetite biomarkers in human is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the acute postprandial effect of yacon syrup ingestion on appetite. The double-blind crossover clinical trial was carried out with 40 adult women: 20 eutrophic and 20 obese grade I. On each day, the first blood collection was performed after a 12-h fast. Then, the volunteers ingested either intervention A (breakfast + 40 g of placebo) or intervention B (breakfast + 40 g of yacon syrup, containing 14 g of FOS). New aliquots of blood were collected at 45, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min. Appetite was assessed by estimating ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels and by assessing subjective appetite sensation. Analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. No effect of yacon syrup was observed on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels at all times evaluated. Similar observations were made after stratifying the analysis by BMI (body mass index) (eutrophic and obese). The effect of yacon syrup on postprandial subjective sensations of hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat was not evident in the total group of women evaluated and even after BMI stratification. We concluded that yacon syrup had no effect on postprandial ghrelin and GLP-1 levels and on the subjective appetite sensation in young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Silveira Adriano
- Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceara, 60714-903 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Fortaleza, 60811-905 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Nedio Jair Wurlitzer
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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17
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Maragkoudaki X, Naylor M, Papacleovoulou G, Stolarczyk E, Rees D, Pombo JM, Abu-Hayyeh S, Czajka A, Howard JK, Malik AN, Williamson C, Poston L, Taylor PD. Supplementation with a prebiotic (polydextrose) in obese mouse pregnancy improves maternal glucose homeostasis and protects against offspring obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2382-2393. [PMID: 33033395 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We hypothesised that maternal diet-induced-obesity has adverse consequences for offspring energy expenditure and susceptibility to obesity in adulthood, and that the prebiotic polydextrose (PDX) would prevent the consequences of programming by maternal obesity. METHODS Female mice were fed a control (Con) or obesogenic diet (Ob) for 6 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Half the obese dams were supplemented with 5% PDX (ObPDX) in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto standard chow. At 3 and 6 months, offspring energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE by indirect calorimetry) were measured, and a glucose-tolerance test performed. Offspring of control (OffCon), obese (OffOb) and PDX supplemented (OffObP) dams were subsequently challenged for 3 weeks with Ob, and energy balanced reassessed. Potential modifiers of offspring energy balance including gut microbiota and biomarkers of mitochondrial activity were also evaluated. RESULTS Six-month-old male OffOb demonstrated increased bodyweight (BW, P < 0.001) and white adipose tissue mass (P < 0.05), decreased brown adipose tissue mass (BAT, P < 0.01), lower night-time EE (P < 0.001) versus OffCon, which were prevented in OffObP. Both male and female OffOb showed abnormal glucose-tolerance test (peak [Glucose] P < 0.001; AUC, P < 0.05) which was prevented by PDX. The Ob challenge resulted in greater BW gain in both male and female OffOb versus OffCon (P < 0.05), also associated with increased EI (P < 0.05) and reduced EE in females (P < 0.01). OffObP were protected from accelerated BW gain on the OB diet compared with controls, associated with increased night-time EE in both male (P < 0.05) and female OffObP (P < 0.001). PDX also prevented an increase in skeletal muscle mtDNA copy number in OffOb versus OffCon (P < 0.01) and increased the percentage of Bacteroides cells in faecal samples from male OffObP relative to controls. CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity adversely influences adult offspring energy balance and propensity for obesity, which is ameliorated by maternal PDX treatment with associated changes in gut microbiota composition and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Maragkoudaki
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Naylor
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgia Papacleovoulou
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emilie Stolarczyk
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Douglas Rees
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquim M Pombo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shadi Abu-Hayyeh
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anja Czajka
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jane K Howard
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes Research, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul D Taylor
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Soroush AR, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Siadat SD, Larijani B. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in obesity: a systematic review. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:65-76. [PMID: 32775123 PMCID: PMC7392910 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived metabolites affect many biological processes of the host, including appetite control and weight management. Dysbiosis of the
gut microbiome in obesity influences the metabolism and excretion of gut microbiota byproducts and consequently affects the physiology of the host. Since identification of the gut
microbiota-host co-metabolites is essential for clarifying the interactions between the intestinal flora and the host, we conducted this systematic review to summarize all human
studies that characterized the gut microbiota-related metabolites in overweight and obese individuals. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases
yielded 2,137 articles documented up to July 2018. After screening abstracts and full texts, 12 articles that used different biosamples and methodologies of metabolic profiling and
fecal microbiota analysis were included. Amino acids and byproducts of amino acids, lipids and lipid-like metabolites, bile acids derivatives, and other metabolites derived from
degradation of carnitine, choline, polyphenols, and purines are among the gut microbiota-derived metabolites which showed alterations in obesity. These metabolites play an
important role in metabolic complications of obesity, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The results of this study could be useful in development of
therapeutic strategies with the aim of modulating gut microbiota and consequently the metabolic profile in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Davar Siadat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Policaptil Gel Retard Intake Reduces Postprandial Triglycerides, Ghrelin and Appetite in Obese Children: A Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010214. [PMID: 31947628 PMCID: PMC7019363 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the intake of Policaptil Gel Retard® (PGR) is able to affect appetite, metabolic and hormonal postprandial profile in obese children. 46 obese children were randomly assigned to treatment with PGR or placebo, in a double blind clinical trial. Two PGR tablets or placebo were given in fasting condition, before the ingestion of a mixed meal (15 kcal/kg lean body mass). Blood samples were taken at baseline and for 4 hours, for measuring blood lipids, glucose, insulin, ghrelin, and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Appetite was quantified using a visual analog scale. Children assuming PGR had a significantly lower increase of postprandial triglycerides (area under the curve (AUC): 3021 (2879) vs. 5038 (3738) mg × 240 min/Dl) and appetite (-234 (274) vs. 36 (329)) than children assuming placebo. The AUC of ghrelin was significantly lower after PGR ingestion, than after placebo (-8179 (8073) vs. -2800 (7579) pg × 240 min/mL). Blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and GLP-1 profiles were not significantly different in the two groups. In conclusion, a single intake of two tablets of PGR was associated with a significant reduction of appetite, ghrelin, and triglycerides in the postprandial period in obese children. Further investigation will assess if a chronic intake of PGR may affect body weight and glucose metabolism.
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20
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Zhao C, Wan X, Zhou S, Cao H. Natural Polyphenols: A Potential Therapeutic Approach to Hypoglycemia. EFOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.200302.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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21
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Onaolapo A, Onaolapo O. Food additives, food and the concept of ‘food addiction’: Is stimulation of the brain reward circuit by food sufficient to trigger addiction? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018; 25:263-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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22
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Warrilow A, Mellor D, McKune A, Pumpa K. Dietary fat, fibre, satiation, and satiety—a systematic review of acute studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:333-344. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Singh A, Zapata RC, Pezeshki A, Reidelberger RD, Chelikani PK. Inulin fiber dose-dependently modulates energy balance, glucose tolerance, gut microbiota, hormones and diet preference in high-fat-fed male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:142-152. [PMID: 30005919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inulin, a popular prebiotic fiber, has been reported to promote satiety and fat loss; however, the dose-response effects of inulin on energy balance and diet preference, and whether the metabolic effects are independent of calorie restriction are not well characterized. Therefore, we compared the effects of diets varying in inulin concentrations on food intake, energy expenditure, body composition, gut microbiota and hormones, and assessed whether inulin-induced hypophagia was due to reduced diet preference. In experiment 1, male rats were randomized to six high-fat diet groups: control (CON, 0% inulin), 2.5% inulin (2.5IN), 10% inulin (10IN), 25% inulin (25IN), 25% cellulose (25CE) or pair-fed to 25IN (25PF) for 21 days. We demonstrate that inulin dose-dependently decreased caloric intake and respiratory quotient; improved glucose tolerance; increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacterium spp.; decreased Clostridium clusters I and IV; increased butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase in cecum; upregulated peptide YY, cholecystokinin and proglucagon transcripts in the cecum and colon; and increased plasma peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations. Importantly, unlike 25PF, 25IN attenuated the reduction in energy expenditure associated with calorie restriction and decreased adiposity. In experiment 2, following four training periods, diet preferences were determined. Although 10IN and 25IN decreased caloric intake, and 25CE increased caloric intake, during training, all high-fiber diets were less preferred. Taken together, this work demonstrates that inulin dose-dependently decreased caloric intake, modulated gut microbiota and upregulated satiety hormones, with metabolic effects being largely independent of caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Roger D Reidelberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Gastrointestinal Research Group, Synder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Goff HD, Repin N, Fabek H, El Khoury D, Gidley MJ. Dietary fibre for glycaemia control: Towards a mechanistic understanding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Martinelli M, Hick E, Walz F, Drago SR. Effects of cereal bar containing polydextrose on subjective feelings of appetite and energy intake in overweight adults over 15 d. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:892-899. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1426738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martinelli
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Emilia Hick
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia Walz
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R. Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, República Argentina
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Thompson SV, Hannon BA, An R, Holscher HD. Effects of isolated soluble fiber supplementation on body weight, glycemia, and insulinemia in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:1514-1528. [PMID: 29092878 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.163246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is strong epidemiologic evidence that dietary fiber intake is protective against overweight and obesity; however, results of intervention studies have been mixed. Soluble fiber beneficially affects metabolism, and fiber supplementation may be a feasible approach to improve body composition and glycemia in adults with overweight and obesity.Objective: We evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of isolated soluble fiber supplementation in overweight and obese adults on outcomes related to weight management [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), body weight, percentage of body fat, and waist circumference] and glucose and insulin metabolism (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and fasting insulin) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Design: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies were RCTs that compared isolated soluble fiber with placebo treatments without energy-restriction protocols. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes and 95% CIs. Meta-regressions were performed to assess outcomes in relation to the intervention duration, fiber dose, and fiber type. Publication bias was assessed via Begg's and Egger's tests and funnel plot inspection.Results: Findings from 12 RCTs (n = 609 participants) from 2 to 17 wk of duration are summarized in this review. Soluble fiber supplementation reduced BMI by 0.84 (95% CI: -1.35, -0.32; P = 0.001), body weight by 2.52 kg (95% CI: -4.25, -0.79 kg; P = 0.004), body fat by 0.41% (95% CI: -0.58%, -0.24%; P < 0.001), fasting glucose by 0.17 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.28, -0.06 mmol/L; P = 0.002), and fasting insulin by 15.88 pmol/L (95% CI: -29.05, -2.71 pmol/L; P = 0.02) compared with the effects of placebo treatments. No publication bias was identified. Considerable between-study heterogeneity was observed for most outcomes.Conclusions: Isolated soluble fiber supplementation improves anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese adults, thereby indicating that supplementation may improve fiber intake and health in these individuals. However, the interpretation of these findings warrants caution because of the considerable between-study heterogeneity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03003897.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruopeng An
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and.,Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health and
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and .,Departments of Kinesiology and Community Health and.,Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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Raza GS, Putaala H, Hibberd AA, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K, Mäkelä KA, Herzig KH. Polydextrose changes the gut microbiome and attenuates fasting triglyceride and cholesterol levels in Western diet fed mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5294. [PMID: 28706193 PMCID: PMC5509720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are hallmarks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Polydextrose (PDX), a soluble fiber has lipid lowering effects. We hypothesize that PDX reduces triglycerides and cholesterol by influencing gut microbiota, which in turn modulate intestinal gene expression. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) ±75 mg PDX twice daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Body weight and food intake were monitored daily. Fasting plasma lipids, caecal microbiota and gene expression in intestine and liver were measured after 14 days of feeding. PDX supplementation to WD significantly reduced food intake (p < 0.001), fasting plasma triglyceride (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Allobaculum, Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae taxa associated with lean phenotype, increased in WD + PDX mice. Gene expression analysis with linear mixed-effects model showed consistent downregulation of Dgat1, Cd36, Fiaf and upregulation of Fxr in duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in WD + PDX mice. Spearman correlations indicated that genera enriched in WD + PDX mice inversely correlated with fasting lipids and downregulated genes Dgat1, Cd36 and Fiaf while positively with upregulated gene Fxr. These results suggest that PDX in mice fed WD promoted systemic changes via regulation of the gut microbiota and gene expression in intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shere Raza
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Putaala
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Ashley A Hibberd
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Genomics & Microbiome Science, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Global Health and Nutrition Science, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Kari Antero Mäkelä
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research unit of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Department of Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. .,Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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Hunger and satiety responses to high-fat meals after a high-polyunsaturated fat diet: A randomized trial. Nutrition 2017; 41:14-23. [PMID: 28760423 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) elicit a greater response in satiety after a single-meal challenge compared with other types of fats. The long-term effects of PUFAs on satiety, however, remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine subjective and physiological hunger and satiety responses to high-fat (HF) meals before and after a 7-d PUFA-rich diet. METHODS Twenty-six, healthy weight (body mass index 18-24.9 kg/m2), sedentary adults were randomly assigned to either a 7-d PUFA-rich diet (n = 8 men and n = 8 women) or a 7-d control diet (n = 5 men and n = 5 women). After a 3-d lead-in diet, participants reported for the baseline visit where anthropometrics, fasting visual analog scale (VAS) measurements, and a fasting blood sample were collected. Then, two HF meals (breakfast and lunch) were consumed. Postprandial blood draws and VAS measures were collected approximately every 30 min for 4 h after each meal, for a total of 8 h. RESULTS From pre- to post-PUFA-rich diet, there was a decrease in fasting ghrelin (P < 0.05) and an increase in fasting peptide YY (PYY; P < 0.05); however, there were no changes in fasting insulin or leptin concentrations. The postprandial response for PYY was higher after the PUFA-rich diet visit compared to baseline (P < 0.01). However, there were no differences in the postprandial response for ghrelin, insulin, leptin, or VAS measures from pre- to post-diet in either the PUFA-rich diet or control (ns). CONCLUSION A PUFA-rich diet consumed for 7 d favorably altered fasting and postprandial physiological markers of hunger and satiety; yet, did not alter subjective ratings of hunger or fullness.
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Martinelli M, Walz F, Goñi E, Passutti G, Osella C, Drago SR. Effects of puddings containing whey protein and polydextrose on subjective feelings of appetite and short-term energy intake in healthy adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:733-741. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1283394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martinelli
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Florencia Walz
- Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Eva Goñi
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Giovanna Passutti
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Osella
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Silvina R. Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral Santa Fe, Argentina
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Ibarra A, Olli K, Pasman W, Hendriks H, Alhoniemi E, Raza GS, Herzig KH, Tiihonen K. Effects of polydextrose with breakfast or with a midmorning preload on food intake and other appetite-related parameters in healthy normal-weight and overweight females: An acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study. Appetite 2016; 110:15-24. [PMID: 27916475 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polydextrose (PDX) reduces subsequent energy intake (EI) when administered at midmorning in single-blind trials of primarily normal-weight men. However, it is unclear if this effect also occurs when PDX is given at breakfast time. Furthermore, for ecological validity, it is desirable to study a female population, including those at risk for obesity. We studied the effects of PDX, served as part of a breakfast or midmorning preload, on subsequent EI and other appetite-related parameters in healthy normal-weight and overweight females. Per earlier studies, the primary outcome was defined as the difference in subsequent EI when PDX was consumed at midmorning versus placebo. Thirty-two volunteers were enrolled in this acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and crossover trial to examine the effects of 12.5 g of PDX, administered as part of a breakfast or midmorning preload, on subsequent EI, subjective feelings of appetite, well-being, and mood. Gastric emptying rates and the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine were measured in the group that received PDX as part of their breakfast. There were no differences in EI between volunteers who were fed PDX and placebo. PDX intake with breakfast tended to elevate blood glucose (P = 0.06) during the postabsorptive phase, significantly lowered insulin by 15.7% (P = 0.04), and increased GLP-1 by 39.9% (P = 0.02); no other effects on blood parameters or gastric emptying rates were observed. PDX intake at midmorning reduced hunger by 31.4% during the satiation period (P = 0.02); all other subjective feelings of appetite were unaffected. Volunteers had a uniform mood profile during the study. PDX was well tolerated, causing one mild adverse event throughout the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaisa Olli
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Kantvik, Finland
| | | | - Henk Hendriks
- Hendriks Nutrition Support for Business, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ghulam Shere Raza
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Petropoulou K, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Preston T, Godsland IF, Wilde P, Narbad A, Parker R, Salt L, Morris VJ, Domoney C, Persaud SJ, Holmes E, Penson S, Watson J, Stocks M, Buurman M, Luterbacher M, Frost G. Identifying crop variants with high resistant starch content to maintain healthy glucose homeostasis. NUTR BULL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Petropoulou
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - E. S. Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - D. J. Morrison
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - T. Preston
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - I. F. Godsland
- Section of Metabolic Medicine; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - P. Wilde
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - A. Narbad
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - R. Parker
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - L. Salt
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - V. J. Morris
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - C. Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology; John Innes Centre; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - S. J. Persaud
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - E. Holmes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Computational and Systems Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | | | | | - M. Stocks
- Plant Bioscience Limited; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | | | - M. Luterbacher
- The Norwich BioScience Institutes; Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - G. Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The scope of this review is to summarize recent studies assessing the role of meal composition on appetite sensation. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, data confirm a positive effect on appetite sensations following protein-rich meals, suggesting that at least 25-30-g protein/meal provide potential improvements on appetite, but further long-term studies are required to confirm the results. A greater interest has been showed in the interaction between short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota, following dietary fiber consumption, and appetite sensation, but research is ongoing. Finally, as reflected in the recent literature, new systematic reviews should be carried out to assess the effect of dietary fibers on appetite sensation. SUMMARY Meal composition, in terms of nutrients, widely differs in the ability to affect appetite sensation. This mostly depends on the content of protein and dietary fibers in a meal. The effect of higher protein intake on appetite sensation has been well documented with positive results, whereas dietary fibers, although the majority of evidence suggests positive results, still show inconsistent data because of various methodological approaches. Generally, more research both in the short and long term is required to investigate the underlying mechanism associated with appetite sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Cioffi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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European Obesity Summit (EOS) - Joint Congress of EASOand IFSO-EC, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 1 - 4, 2016: Abstracts. Obes Facts 2016; 9 Suppl 1:1-376. [PMID: 27238363 PMCID: PMC5672850 DOI: 10.1159/000446744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Ibarra A, Astbury NM, Olli K, Alhoniemi E, Tiihonen K. Effect of Polydextrose on Subjective Feelings of Appetite during the Satiation and Satiety Periods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010045. [PMID: 26784221 PMCID: PMC4728658 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Subjective feelings of appetite are measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) in controlled trials. However, the methods used to analyze VAS during the Satiation (pre- to post-meal) and Satiety (post-meal to subsequent meal) periods vary broadly, making it difficult to compare results amongst independent studies testing the same product. This review proposes a methodology to analyze VAS during both the Satiation and Satiety periods, allowing us to compare results in a meta-analysis. Methods: A methodology to express VAS results as incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) for both the Satiation and Satiety periods is proposed using polydextrose as a case study. Further, a systematic review and meta-analysis on subjective feelings of appetite was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. Meta-analyses were expressed as Standardized Mean Difference (SMD). Results: Seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were important differences in the methods used to analyze appetite ratings amongst these studies. The separate subjective feelings of appetite reported were Hunger, Satisfaction, Fullness, Prospective Food Consumption, and the Desire to Eat. The method proposed here allowed the results of the different studies to be homogenized. The meta-analysis showed that Desire to Eat during the Satiation period favors polydextrose for the reduction of this subjective feeling of appetite (SMD = 0.24, I2 < 0.01, p = 0.018); this effect was also significant in the sub-analysis by sex for the male population (SMD = 0.35, I2 < 0.01, p = 0.015). There were no other significant results. Conclusion: It is possible to compare VAS results from separate studies. The assessment of iAUC for both the Satiation and Satiety periods generates results of homogeneous magnitudes. This case study demonstrates, for the first time, that polydextrose reduces the Desire to Eat during the Satiation period. This may explain, at least in part, the observed effects of polydextrose on the reduction of levels of energy intake at subsequent meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Ibarra
- Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, Kantvik 02460, Finland.
| | - Nerys M Astbury
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Kaisa Olli
- Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, Kantvik 02460, Finland.
| | - Esa Alhoniemi
- Avoltus Oy, Joukahaisenkatu 1 C, Turku 20520, Finland.
| | - Kirsti Tiihonen
- Active Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition & Health, Sokeritehtaantie 20, Kantvik 02460, Finland.
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Chater PI, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Brownlee IA. The impact of dietary fibres on the physiological processes governing small intestinal digestive processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to highlight recent research developments on effects of the dietary fibre polydextrose (PDX) on appetite, satiety and energy intake and glucose metabolism. For this purpose, clinically relevant human studies were reviewed and putative mechanisms and pathways were discussed. RECENT FINDINGS A number of acute human intervention studies provide strong indications for an energy and glucose metabolism-regulating role of PDX. These effects might be mediated via a reduced gastro-intestinal transit reducing glycaemia and insulinemia after PDX ingestion and the potential of PDX as soluble dietary fibre to alter the intestinal microbial composition, which might lead to changes in signalling in both peripheral and central pathways involved in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. SUMMARY In acute studies, PDX seems to have an inhibiting effect on energy intake and satiety and to reduce glycaemic and insulinemic response through effect on gastro-intestinal transit time and macronutrient absorption as well as through effects of the microbial products such as short-chain fatty acids on energy and substrate metabolism. In particular, well controlled human intervention studies are required to confirm these effects in the long term. Overall, supplement PDX to the daily diet may be a promising approach for the management and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel E Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Tiihonen K, Rautonen N, Alhoniemi E, Ahotupa M, Stowell J, Vasankari T. Postprandial triglyceride response in normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic and obese subjects - the influence of polydextrose, a non-digestible carbohydrate. Nutr J 2015; 14:23. [PMID: 25889643 PMCID: PMC4365814 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three independent trials were conducted to evaluate postprandial triglyceride (TG) responses in subjects with different lipid metabolism. The effect of polydextrose (PDX), a soluble non-digestible carbohydrate, on postprandial response was also studied using practically relevant, high fat meal interventions. METHODS A total of 19 normolipidemic (average BMI 24.1 kg/m(2)), 21 overweight/hyperlipidemic (average BMI 29.6 kg/m(2)) and 18 obese/non-diabetic subjects (average BMI 33.6 kg/m(2)) were included in the study. On two separate occasions all subjects ate two high-fat meals (4293 kJ, 36% from fat), one with PDX (either 12.5 g or 15 g) and one without PDX during placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover and randomized trials. To obtain the triglyceride measurements venous blood samples were taken before the consumption of the test meal and five times afterwards, up to 6 h post-test meal. The triglyceride responses were modeled using a mixed-effects linear model. RESULTS The key variables that explain the variation of the postprandial triglyceride response in the different subject groups were: baseline triglyceride concentration, time point, and PDX vs. placebo treatment (p < 0.05). The maximum postprandial TG concentration was more pronounced in hyperlipidemic group compared to normolipidemic (p < 0.001) or obese groups (p < 0.01). The modeled TG response analysis showed that irrespective of the study population PDX supplementation was one of the factors significantly reducing triglyceride response compared to the placebo treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with elevated fasting triglyceride levels display exaggerated and prolonged postprandial triglyceride responses. PDX, a soluble non-digestible carbohydrate, may offer a dietary concept for reducing the postprandial triglyceride response after the consumption of a meal containing a high concentration of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Tiihonen
- DuPont Nutrition and Health, Active Nutrition, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FI-02460, Kantvik, Finland.
| | | | | | - Markku Ahotupa
- MCA Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
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