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Molczyk C, Singh RK. CXCR1: A Cancer Stem Cell Marker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020576. [PMID: 36831112 PMCID: PMC9953306 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a significant concern while treating malignant disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subset of cancer cells potentiates tumor survival, therapy resistance, and relapse. Several different pathways regulate these purported cancer stem cells (CSCs). Evidence shows that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in maintaining the cancer stem cell pool. Typically, in the case of the tumor microenvironment, inflammatory pathways can be utilized by the tumor to aid in tumor progression; one such pathway is the CXCR1/2 pathway. The CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors are intricately related, with CXCR1 binding two ligands that also bind CXCR2. They have the same downstream pathways but potentially separate roles in the tumor microenvironment. CXCR1 is becoming more well known for its role as a cancer stem cell identifier and therapeutic target. This review elucidates the role of the CXCR1 axis as a CSC marker in several solid tumors and discusses the utility of CXCR1 as a therapeutic target.
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Bogacka J, Pawlik K, Ciapała K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J. CC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CCR4) as a Possible New Target for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415638. [PMID: 36555280 PMCID: PMC9779674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors participate in many biological processes, including the modulation of neuroimmune interactions. Approximately fifty chemokines are distinguished in humans, which are classified into four subfamilies based on the N-terminal conserved cysteine motifs: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C. Chemokines activate specific receptors localized on the surface of various immune and nervous cells. Approximately twenty chemokine receptors have been identified, and each of these receptors is a seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor. Recent studies provide new evidence that CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) is important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, asthma, dermatitis, and cancer. This review briefly characterizes CCR4 and its ligands (CCL17, CCL22, and CCL2), and their contributions to immunological and neoplastic diseases. The review notes a significant role of CCR4 in nociceptive transmission, especially in painful neuropathy, which accompanies many diseases. The pharmacological blockade of CCR4 seems beneficial because of its pain-relieving effects and its influence on opioid efficacy. The possibilities of using the CCL2/CCL17/CCL22/CCR4 axis as a target in new therapies for many diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Mika
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-12-6623-298; Fax: +48-12-6374-500
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Hu L, Dong H, He L, Shi M, Xiang N, Su Y, Wang C, Tian Y, Hu Y, Wang H, Liu H, Wen C, Yang X. Evacetrapib Elicits Antitumor Effects on Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Activating the JNK Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1238-1245. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Lingyuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Nanlin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Yixi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yijia Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Huihui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
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Dietrichs D, Grimm D, Sahana J, Melnik D, Corydon TJ, Wehland M, Krüger M, Vermeesen R, Baselet B, Baatout S, Hybel TE, Kahlert S, Schulz H, Infanger M, Kopp S. Three-Dimensional Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841017. [PMID: 35252204 PMCID: PMC8893349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasis has an enormous impact on the mortality of cancer patients. Factors involved in cancer progression and metastasis are known to be key players in microgravity (µg)-driven three-dimensional (3D) cancer spheroid formation. We investigated PC-3 prostate cancer cells for 30 min, 2, 4 and 24 h on the random positioning machine (RPM), a device simulating µg on Earth. After a 24 h RPM-exposure, the cells could be divided into two groups: one grew as 3D multicellular spheroids (MCS), the other one as adherent monolayer (AD). No signs of apoptosis were visible. Among others, we focused on cytokines involved in the events of metastasis and MCS formation. After 24 h of exposure, in the MCS group we measured an increase in ACTB, MSN, COL1A1, LAMA3, FN1, TIMP1, FLT1, EGFR1, IL1A, IL6, CXCL8, and HIF1A mRNA expression, and in the AD group an elevation of LAMA3, COL1A1, FN1, MMP9, VEGFA, IL6, and CXCL8 mRNAs compared to samples subjected to 1 g conditions. Significant downregulations in AD cells were detected in the mRNA levels of TUBB, KRT8, IL1B, IL7, PIK3CB, AKT1 and MTOR after 24 h. The release of collagen-1α1 and fibronectin protein in the supernatant was decreased, whereas the secretion of IL-6 was elevated in 24 h RPM samples. The secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, laminin, MMP-2, TIMP-1, osteopontin and EGF was not significantly altered after 24 h compared to 1 g conditions. The release of soluble factors was significantly reduced after 2 h (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, collagen-1α1, MMP-2, osteopontin) and elevated after 4 h (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, TNF-α, laminin) in RPM samples. Taken together, simulated µg induced 3D growth of PC-3 cancer cells combined with a differential expression of the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, supporting their involvement in growth and progression of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Dietrichs
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Daniela Grimm,
| | | | - Daniela Melnik
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Randy Vermeesen
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Kahlert
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kopp
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research Group “Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen” (MARS), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Nalairndran G, Chung I, Abdul Razack AH, Chung FF, Hii L, Lim W, Looi CK, Mai C, Leong C. Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 synergizes docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8187-8200. [PMID: 34322995 PMCID: PMC8419172 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy and is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among men globally. Docetaxel-based therapy remains the first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, dose-limiting toxicity including neutropenia, myelosuppression and neurotoxicity is the major reason for docetaxel dose reductions and fewer cycles administered, despite a recent study showing a clear survival benefit with increased total number of docetaxel cycles in PCa patients. Although previous studies have attempted to improve the efficacy and reduce docetaxel toxicity through drug combination, no drug has yet demonstrated improved overall survival in clinical trial, highlighting the challenges of improving the activity of docetaxel monotherapy in PCa. Herein, we identified 15 lethality hits for which inhibition could enhance docetaxel sensitivity in PCa cells via a high-throughput kinome-wide loss-of-function screen. Further drug-gene interactions analyses identified Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) as a viable druggable target with existing experimental inhibitors and FDA-approved drugs. We demonstrated that depletion of endogenous JAK1 enhanced docetaxel-induced apoptosis in PCa cells. Furthermore, inhibition of JAK1/2 by baricitinib and ruxolitinib synergizes docetaxel sensitivity in both androgen receptor (AR)-negative DU145 and PC3 cells, but not in the AR-positive LNCaP cells. In contrast, no synergistic effects were observed in cells treated with JAK2-specific inhibitor, fedratinib, suggesting that the synergistic effects are mainly mediated through JAK1 inhibition. In conclusion, the combination therapy with JAK1 inhibitors and docetaxel could be a useful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Nalairndran
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Department of PharmacologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- University of Malaya Cancer Research InstituteFaculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | | | - Felicia Fei‐Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA)Epigenetics Group (EGE)International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health OrganizationLyon CEDEX 08France
| | - Ling‐Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Wei‐Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chin King Looi
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of Postgraduate StudiesInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Chun‐Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesRenji‐Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research CenterDepartment of UrologyRen Ji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chee‐Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell ResearchInstitute for ResearchDevelopment and Innovation (IRDI)International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
- School of PharmacyInternational Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Prognostic Value of High-Sensitivity Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Who Received Docetaxel. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040773. [PMID: 33673284 PMCID: PMC7918602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. Prostate cancer is characterized by an early response to hormonal therapy and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation. However, if the patient becomes resistant to treat and develops castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), it is difficult to predict prognosis and evaluate response to treatment using PSA alone. In this study, we found that the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (Hs-mGPS), an inflammatory response score, is a more powerful prognostic factor for CRPC than the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) previously studied. Furthermore, we suggest that risk classification using Hs-mGPS, PSA, and testosterone (TST) may be a useful tool to predict the prognosis of late staged CRPC. Abstract The Glasgow prognostic score, a marker of systemic inflammation, is associated with clinical outcomes in different cancers including prostate cancer. However, there is no evidence for the relationship between the high-sensitivity modified Glasgow prognostic score (Hs-mGPS) in prostate cancer and its prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of Hs-mGPS in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with docetaxel. We retrospectively analyzed clinical datasets from 131 CRPC patients who received docetaxel treatment at Chiba University Hospital and a related hospital. Clinical factors including Hs-mGPS before docetaxel treatment were evaluated according to overall survival. The numbers of patients with Hs-mGPS of 0, 1, and 2 were 88, 30, and 13, respectively. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 28.9 ng/mL. The median testosterone level was 13.0 ng/dL. The percentages of bone and visceral metastases were 80.8% and 10.2%, respectively. For overall survival, Hs-mGPS ≥ 1 (hazard ratio of 2.41; p = 0.0048), testosterone ≥ 13.0 ng/dL (hazard ratio of 2.23; p = 0.0117), and PSA ≥ 28.9 ng/mL (hazard ratio of 2.36; p = 0.0097) were significant poor prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. The results of the two-group analysis showed that a higher Hs-mGPS was associated with high PSA, alkaline phosphatase, and testosterone levels. The median testosterone levels for Hs-mGPS of 0, 1, and 2 were 9.0, 16.5, and 23.0, respectively. Based on the multivariate analysis, we created a combined score with three prognostic factors: Hs-mGPS, testosterone, and PSA. The low-risk group (score of 0–1) showed a significantly longer overall survival compared to the intermediate-risk (score of 2–3) and high-risk (score of 4) groups (p < 0.0001). Our results demonstrated that an elevated Hs-mGPS was an independent prognostic factor in CRPC patients treated with docetaxel therapy. Risk classification based on Hs-mGPS, testosterone, and PSA may be useful in predicting the prognosis of CRPC patients.
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Harshman LC, Wang XV, Hamid AA, Santone G, Drake CG, Carducci MA, DiPaola RS, Fichorova RN, Sweeney CJ. Impact of baseline serum IL-8 on metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer outcomes in the Phase 3 CHAARTED trial (E3805). Prostate 2020; 80:1429-1437. [PMID: 32949185 PMCID: PMC7606809 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin- 8 (IL-8), produced by tumor cells and some myeloid cells, promotes inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In our discovery work, elevated serum IL-8 at androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) initiation portended worse overall survival (OS). Leveraging serum samples from the phase 3 CHAARTED trial of patients treated with ADT +/- docetaxel for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), we validated these findings. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-three patients had serum samples drawn within 28 days of ADT initiation. The samples were assayed using the same Mesoscale Multiplex ELISA platform employed in the discovery cohort. After adjusting for performance status, disease volume, and de novo/metachronous metastases, multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between IL-8 as continuous and binary variables on OS and time to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The median IL-8 level (9.3 pg/ml) was the a priori binary cutpoint. Fixed-effects meta-analyses of the discovery and validation sets were performed. RESULTS Higher IL-8 levels were prognostic for shorter OS (continuous: hazard ratio [HR] 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.6, p = .001; binary >9.3: HR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2-2.4, p = .007) and time to CRPC (continuous: HR 2.3, 95% CI: 1.6-3.3, p < .001; binary: HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5, p < .001) and independent of docetaxel use, disease burden, and time of metastases. Meta-analysis including the discovery cohort, also showed that binary IL-8 levels >9.3 pg/ml from patients treated with ADT alone was prognostic for poorer OS (HR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2-2.7, p = .007) and shorter time to CRPC (HR 1.4, 95% CI: 0.99-1.9, p = .057). CONCLUSIONS In the phase 3 CHAARTED study of men with mHSPC at ADT initiation, elevated IL-8 portended worse survival and shorter time to castration-resistant prostate cancer independent of docetaxel administration, metastatic burden, and metachronous versus de novo metastatic presentation. These findings support targeting IL-8 as a strategy to improve mHSPC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Harshman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | - X. Victoria Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Data Sciences Boston, MA
| | - Anis A. Hamid
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
| | | | - Charles G. Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Christopher J. Sweeney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Harvard Medical School. Boston, MA
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8
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Ruiz de Porras V, Wang XC, Palomero L, Marin-Aguilera M, Solé-Blanch C, Indacochea A, Jimenez N, Bystrup S, Bakht M, Conteduca V, Piulats JM, Buisan O, Suarez JF, Pardo JC, Castro E, Olmos D, Beltran H, Mellado B, Martinez-Balibrea E, Font A, Aytes A. Taxane-induced Attenuation of the CXCR2/BCL-2 Axis Sensitizes Prostate Cancer to Platinum-based Treatment. Eur Urol 2020; 79:722-733. [PMID: 33153817 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxanes are the most active chemotherapy agents in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients; yet, resistance occurs almost invariably, representing an important clinical challenge. Taxane-platinum combinations have shown clinical benefit in a subset of patients, but the mechanistic basis and biomarkers remain elusive. OBJECTIVE To identify mechanisms and response indicators for the antitumor efficacy of taxane-platinum combinations in mCRPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Transcriptomic data from a publicly available mCRPC dataset of taxane-exposed and taxane-naïve patients were analyzed to identify response indicators and emerging vulnerabilities. Functional and preclinical validation was performed in taxane-resistant mCRPC cell lines and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). INTERVENTION Metastatic CRPC cells were treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, carboplatin, the CXCR2 antagonist SB265610, and the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Gain and loss of function in culture of CXCR2 and BCL-2 were achieved by overexpression or siRNA silencing. Preclinical assays in GEMM mice tested the antitumor efficacy of taxane-platinum combinations. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Proliferation, apoptosis, and colony assays measured drug activity in vitro. Preclinical endpoints in mice included growth, survival, and histopathology. Changes in CXCR2, BCL-2, and chemokines were analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Human expression data were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, hierarchical clustering, and correlation studies. GraphPad Prism software and R-studio were used for statistical and data analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Transcriptomic data from taxane-exposed human mCRPC tumors correlate with a marked negative enrichment of apoptosis and inflammatory response pathways accompanied by a marked downregulation of CXCR2 and BCL-2. Mechanistically, we show that docetaxel inhibits CXCR2 and that BCL-2 downregulation occurs as a downstream effect. Further, we demonstrated in experimental models that the sensitivity to cisplatin is dependent on CXCR2 and BCL-2, and that targeting them sensitizes prostate cancer (PC) cells to cisplatin. In vivo taxane-platinum combinations are highly synergistic, and previous exposure to taxanes sensitizes mCRPC tumors to second-line cisplatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS The hitherto unappreciated attenuation of the CXCR2/BCL-2 axis in taxane-treated mCRPC patients is an acquired vulnerability with potential predictive activity for platinum-based treatments. PATIENT SUMMARY A subset of patients with aggressive and therapy-resistant prostate cancer benefits from taxane-platinum combination chemotherapy; however, we lack the mechanistic understanding of how that synergistic effect occurs. Here, using patient data and preclinical models, we found that taxanes reduce cancer cell escape mechanisms to chemotherapy-induced cell death, hence making these cells more vulnerable to additional platinum treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Xieng C Wang
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Palomero
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Marin-Aguilera
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solé-Blanch
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain
| | - Alberto Indacochea
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Jimenez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Bystrup
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Bakht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Instituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Josep M Piulats
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Buisan
- Department of Urology, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - José F Suarez
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Urology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Pardo
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Castro
- Genitourinary Cancer Translational Research Group, The Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Olmos
- Genitourinary Cancer Translational Research Group, The Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Prostate Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Begoña Mellado
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Balibrea
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Font
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B·ARGO), Badalona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Program of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain; Program Against Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Gran Via de L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
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9
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Zhang M, Wang J, Li M. [Menthol enhances interleukin-13-induced synthesis and secretion of mucin 5AC in human bronchial epithelial cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1432-1438. [PMID: 33118512 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.10.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL) -13 combined with cold stimulation on synthesis and secretion of mucin (MUC) 5AC in human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE and explore the role of transient receptor potential 8 (TRPM8) and anti-apoptotic factor B-cell lymphoblast-2 (Bcl-2) in this process. METHODS 16HBE cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IL-13, 1 mmol/L menthol, or both (1 mmol/L menthol was added after 6 days of IL-13 stimulation), and the changes in the expression of MUC5AC, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and Bcl-2 expression were evaluated. The effects of ABT-263 (a Bcl-2 inhibitor) and BCTC (a TRPM8 ion channel inhibitor), alone or in combination, on MUC5AC expression in the cells were tested, and the changes in intracellular Ca2+ and Bcl-2 expression following BCTC treatment were observed. The cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, the mRNA expressions of MUC5AC and Bcl-2 were detected with real-time quantitative PCR, the level of MUC5AC in the culture medium was measured with ELISA, and the intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity was determined with flow cytometry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC increased significantly in 16HBE cells following stimulation with IL-13, menthol, and both (P < 0.05), and were the highest in the combined treatment group with its peak level occurred at 24 h (P < 0.01). The intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were also increased in 16HBE cells after the stimulations (P < 0.05), and the increments were the most obvious in the combined treatment group (P < 0.01). Treatment with BCTC significantly lowered intracellular Ca2+ fluorescence intensity and the expressions of Bcl-2 and MUC5AC mRNA and protein in the cells stimulated with menthol or with both IL-13 and menthol (P < 0.05), but caused no significant changes in IL-13-stimulated cells (P > 0.05). Treatment with ABT-263 significantly lowered the mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in the cells stimulated with IL-13 and menthol either alone or in combination (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Menthol combined with IL-13 produces a synergistic effect to promote the synthesis and secretion of MUC5AC in 16HBE cells possibly by activating TRPM8 receptor to upregulate the expression of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Minchao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
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Smith DK, Hasanali SL, Wang J, Kallifatidis G, Morera DS, Jordan AR, Terris MK, Klaassen Z, Bollag R, Lokeshwar VB, Lokeshwar BL. Promotion of epithelial hyperplasia by interleukin-8-CXCR axis in human prostate. Prostate 2020; 80:938-949. [PMID: 32542667 PMCID: PMC8327464 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is causally linked to the inflammatory microenvironment and proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells in the prostate transitional zone. The CXC-chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) contributes to inflammation. We evaluated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in clinical specimens, primary cultures, and prostatic lineage cell lines. We investigated whether IL-8 via its receptor system (IL-8 axis) promotes BPH. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of chemokines, including components of the IL-8 axis, were measured in normal prostate (NP; n = 7) and BPH (n = 21), urine (n = 24) specimens, primary cultures, prostatic lineage epithelial cell lines (NHPrE1, BHPrE1, BPH-1), and normal prostate cells (RWPE-1). The functional role of the IL-8 axis in prostate epithelial cell growth was evaluated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. The effect of a combination with two natural compounds, oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA), was evaluated on the expression of the IL-8 axis and epithelial cell growth. RESULTS Among the 19 inflammatory chemokines and chemokine receptors we analyzed, levels of IL-8 and its receptors (CXCR1, CXCR2), as well as, of CXCR7, a receptor for CXCL12, were 5- to 25-fold elevated in BPH tissues when compared to NP tissues (P ≤ .001). Urinary IL-8 levels were threefold to sixfold elevated in BPH patients, but not in asymptomatic males and females with lower urinary tract symptoms (P ≤ .004). The expression of the IL-8 axis components was confined to the prostate luminal epithelial cells in both normal and BPH tissues. However, these components were elevated in BPH-1 and primary explant cultures as compared to RWPE-1, NHPrE1, and BHPrE1 cells. Knockout of CXCR7 reduced IL-8, and CXCR1 expression by 4- to 10-fold and caused greater than or equal to 50% growth inhibition in BPH-1 cells. Low-dose OA + UA combination synergistically inhibited the growth of BPH-1 and BPH primary cultures. In the combination, the drug reduction indices for UA and OA were 16.4 and 7852, respectively, demonstrating that the combination was effective in inhibiting BPH-1 growth at significantly reduced doses of UA or OA alone. CONCLUSION The IL-8 axis is a promotor of BPH pathogenesis. Low-dose OA + UA combination inhibits BPH cell growth by inducing autophagy and reducing IL-8 axis expression in BPH-epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra K. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarrah L. Hasanali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Georgios Kallifatidis
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daley S. Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Andre R. Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Martha K. Terris
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Roni Bollag
- Department of Pathology, Bio-Repository Alliance of Georgia for Oncology (BRAG-Onc), Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vinata B. Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L. Lokeshwar
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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11
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Saggam A, Tillu G, Dixit S, Chavan-Gautam P, Borse S, Joshi K, Patwardhan B. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal: A potential therapeutic adjuvant in cancer. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112759. [PMID: 32173425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (WS) is one of the moststudied Rasayana botanicals used in Ayurveda practice for its immunomodulatory, anti-aging, adaptogenic, and rejuvenating effects. The botanical is being used for various clinical indications, including cancer. Several studies exploring molecular mechanisms of WS suggest its possible role in improving clinical outcomes in cancer management. Therefore, research on WS may offer new insights in rational development of therapeutic adjuvants for cancer. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aims at providing a detailed analysis of in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies related to WS and cancer. It suggests possible role of WS in regulating molecular mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. The review discusses potential of WS in cancer management in terms of cancer prevention, anti-cancer activity, and enhancing efficacy of cancer therapeutics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present narrative review offers a critical analysis of published literature on WS studies in cancer. The reported studies were analysed in the context of pathophysiology of cancer, commonly referred as 'cancer hallmarks'. The review attempts to bridge Ayurveda knowledge with biological insights into molecular mechanisms of cancer. RESULTS Critical analysisof the published literature suggests an anti-cancer potential of WS with a key role in cancer prevention. The possible mechanisms for these effects are associated with the modulation of apoptotic, proliferative, and metastatic markers in cancer. WS can attenuate inflammatory responses and enzymes involved in invasion and metastatic progression of cancer.The properties of WS are likely to be mediated through withanolides, which may activate tumor suppressor proteins to restrict proliferation of cancer cells. Withanolides also regulate the genomic instability, and energy metabolism of cancer cells. The reported studies indicate the need for deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of WS in inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting immunosurveillance. Additionally, WS can augment efficacy and safety of cancer therapeutics. CONCLUSION The experimentally-supported evidence of immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, adaptogenic, and regenerative attributes of WS suggest its therapeutic adjuvant potential in cancer management. The adjuvant properties of withanolides can modulate multidrug resistance and reverse chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. These mechanisms need to be further explored in systematically designed translational and clinical studies that will pave the way for integration of WS as a therapeutic adjuvant in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Saggam
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Girish Tillu
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Swapnil Borse
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
| | - Bhushan Patwardhan
- AYUSH Center of Excellence, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
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12
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Hao Q, Vadgama JV, Wang P. CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:82. [PMID: 32471499 PMCID: PMC7257158 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, which guide a variety of immune/inflammatory cells to the site of tumor in tumorigenesis. A dysregulated expression of chemokines is implicated in different types of cancer including prostate cancer. The progression and metastasis of prostate cancer involve a complex network of chemokines that regulate the recruitment and trafficking of immune cells. The chemokine CCL2 and its main receptor CCR2 have been receiving particular interest on their roles in cancer pathogenesis. The up-regulation of CCL2/CCR2 and varied immune conditions in prostate cancer, are associated with cancer advancement, metastasis, and relapse. Here we reviewed recent findings, which link CCL2/CCR2 to the inflammation and cancer pathogenesis, and discussed the therapeutic potential of CCL2/CCR2 axis in cancer treatment based on results from our group and other investigators, with a major focus on prostate cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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13
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EHD2 is a Predictive Biomarker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7998. [PMID: 32409676 PMCID: PMC7224205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
EHD2 is a mechanotransducing ATPase localized in caveolae invaginations at the plasma membrane. EHD2 has recently been associated with several human cancers, however the significance of EHD2 transcript levels in cancer prognosis remains debated. Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and prognosis is variable depending on the subtypes. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) often has a poor therapeutic response. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of EHD2 transcripts and protein expression levels in breast carcinomas. We found that low EHD2 levels were associated with enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion of TNBC cells. EHD2 expression was significantly reduced in TNBC tissues and the loss of EHD2 led to higher expression of the pro-tumoral cytokine IL-8. In apparent contradiction with in vitro data, multivariate analysis of two independent cohorts of breast cancer patients revealed that low EHD2 was in fact associated with good prognosis in the highly proliferative TNBC subtype. Accordingly, TNBC low EHD2 expressers were found to benefit the most from chemotherapy when compared to all subtypes of breast cancers. Our study validates EHD2 expression level as an independent prognostic factor of metastasis-free survival and as a new predictive marker of chemotherapy efficacy in TNBC patients.
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14
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de Miguel-Gómez L, Ferrero H, López-Martínez S, Campo H, López-Pérez N, Faus A, Hervás D, Santamaría X, Pellicer A, Cervelló I. Stem cell paracrine actions in tissue regeneration and potential therapeutic effect in human endometrium: a retrospective study. BJOG 2020; 127:551-560. [PMID: 31876085 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determining genetic and paracrine mechanisms behind endometrial regeneration in Asherman's syndrome and endometrial atrophy (AS/EA) patients after autologous CD133+ bone marrow-derived stem cell (CD133+ BMDSC) transplantation. DESIGN Retrospective study using human endometrial biopsies and mouse models. SETTING Fundación-IVI, IIS-La Fe, Valencia, Spain. SAMPLES Endometrial biopsies collected before and after CD133+ BMDSC therapy, from eight women with AS/EA (NCT02144987) from the uterus of five mice with only left horns receiving CD133+ BMDSC therapy. METHODS In human samples, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, RNA arrays, PCR validation, and neutrophil elastase (NE) immunohistochemistry (IHQ). In mouse samples, PCR validation and protein immunoarrays. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES H&E microscopic evaluation, RNA expression levels, PCR, and growth/angiogenic factors quantification, NE IHQ signal. RESULTS Treatment improved endometrial morphology and thickness for all patients. In human samples, Jun, Serpine1, and Il4 were up-regulated whereas Ccnd1 and Cxcl8 were down-regulated after treatment. The significant decrease of NE signal corroborated Cxcl8 expression. Animal model analysis confirmed human results and revealed a higher expression of pro-angiogenic cytokines (IL18, HGF, MCP-1, MIP2) in treated uterine horns. CONCLUSIONS CD133+ BMDSC seems to activate several factors through a paracrine mechanism to help tissue regeneration, modifying endometrial behaviour through an immunomodulatory milieu that precedes proliferation and angiogenic processes. Insight into these processes could bring us one step closer to a non-invasive treatment for AS/EA patients. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT CD133+ BMDSC therapy regenerates endometrium, modifying the immunological milieu that precedes proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L de Miguel-Gómez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - H Ferrero
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - S López-Martínez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - H Campo
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - N López-Pérez
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Faus
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Hervás
- Data Science, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - X Santamaría
- Igenomix Academy, Valencia, Spain.,IVIRMA, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Pellicer
- IVIRMA Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Cervelló
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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15
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IL8 Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Androgen Receptor Loss in Primary and Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 18:153-165. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Xiang P, Jin S, Yang Y, Sheng J, He Q, Song Y, Yu W, Hu S, Jin J. Infiltrating CD4+ T cells attenuate chemotherapy sensitivity in prostate cancer via CCL5 signaling. Prostate 2019; 79:1018-1031. [PMID: 31018021 PMCID: PMC6594129 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy with Docetaxel (Doc) is efficient in a subset of prostate cancer (PCa) cases; however, most patients ultimately develop resistance to Docetaxel. The tumor immune microenvironment and secreted cytokines play a substantial role in development of resistance to chemotherapy. Our previous study has demonstrated that CD4+ T cells in prostate tumor microenvironment contribute to PCa progression; meanwhile, we found increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration in tumor area after Doc treatment; however, their effects on PCa chemosensitivity remain unclear. Here, we aim to explore the role and mechanisms of CD4+ T cells in PCa chemotherapy sensitivity. METHODS CD4+ T-cell infiltration in Doc-treated paraffin-embedded specimens from transurethral resection of prostate, radical prostatectomy, or bone metastasis was detected by immunohistochemistry. The castration-resistant PCa cell lines-C4-2 and CWR22RV1, and CD4+ T-cell lines-HH and Molt-3 were used in the coculture system. After coculture with the lymphocytes, PCa cell chemosensitivity was detected by cell counting kit-8, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays, and Western blot analysis. Various cell cytokines were determined by cytokine arrays and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The recombinant human C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) was added to PCa cells for further confirming its effects and anti-CCL5 antibody was used for neutralization. S3I-201, a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, was added to the coculture system to detect STAT3 role in chemosensitivity. Tumor xenografts in nude mice were used for confirming effects of CD4+ T cells in vivo study. RESULTS We found more infiltrated CD4+ T cells in human PCa lesions than in the adjacent noncancerous tissues after Doc treatment. In vitro cell line study confirmed that CD4+ T cells increase the PCa Doc resistance. Quantative polymerase chain reaction and cytokine arrays indicated that after coculture with PCa, CD4+ T cells could secrete large amounts of CCL5. Moreover, CCL5 stimulation enhanced PCa resistance to Doc, and anti-CCL5 antibody could partly reverse this process. We found that CD4+ T cells could activate P-STAT3 signaling via secreting CCL5 and adding a STAT3 inhibitor can reverse the chemoresistance. In vivo mouse model with xenografted 22RV1 cells and CD4+ T cells also confirmed the in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results indicate that infiltrating CD4+ T cells could promote PCa chemotherapy resistance via modulation of the CCL5/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Sheng
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Research Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male), Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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Zhang P, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang D, Luo Q, Wang B. Overexpressing miR‑335 inhibits DU145 cell proliferation by targeting early growth response 3 in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1981-1994. [PMID: 31081063 PMCID: PMC6521937 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-335 (miR-335) was reported to suppress cell proliferation in prostate cancer (PC), a common malignancy in males. The expression of early growth response 3 (EGR3) was determined to be elevated in human PC tissues; however, the possible effects and underlying mechanism of miR-335 on PC remains unknown. In the present study, miR-335 mimics and miR-335 inhibitors were respectively transfected into DU145 cells. Stable silencing of EGR3 was observed in DU145 cells following transfection with small interfering RNA. We also used Cell Counting Kit-8 and in vitro angiogenesis assays to determine the viability and revascularization potential of DU145 cells. The expression levels of EGR and caspase-3 activity were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry, respectively. We predicted the target of miR-335 by bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of molecules. miR-335 expression was downregulated in PC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-335 significantly reduced the viability and the formation of regenerative tubes of DU145 cells, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors. EGR3 was proposed as a possible target of miR-335, and was negatively regulated by miR-335. Silencing EGR3 suppressed the viability and angiogenesis of DU145 cells, and reduced the activity of caspase-3 and inflammatory factor expression. miR-335 inhibition along with EGR3 silencing EGR3 inhibited the cell proliferation. Furthermore, miR-335 inhibited the formation of a PC solid tumor xenograft in vivo. Thus, miR-335 may exert an antitumor effect on DU145 cells by regulating the expression of EGR3. The findings of the present study may provide insight into a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Qidong Luo
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Binxian Wang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710004, P.R. China
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18
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Fisher RC, Bellamkonda K, Alex Molina L, Xiang S, Liska D, Sarvestani SK, Chakrabarti S, Berg A, Jorgensen ML, Hatala D, Chen S, Aiello A, Appelman HD, Scott EW, Huang EH. Disrupting Inflammation-Associated CXCL8-CXCR1 Signaling Inhibits Tumorigenicity Initiated by Sporadic- and Colitis-Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Neoplasia 2019; 21:269-281. [PMID: 30738331 PMCID: PMC6370871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional inflammatory pathways are associated with an increased risk of cancer, including colorectal cancer. We have previously identified and enriched for a self-renewing, colon cancer stem cell (CCSC) subpopulation in primary sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) and a related subpopulation in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients defined by the stem cell marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Subsequent work demonstrated that CCSC-initiated tumors are dependent on the inflammatory chemokine, CXCL8, a known inducer of tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and invasion. Here, we use RNA interference to target CXCL8 and its receptor, CXCR1, to establish the existence of a functional signaling pathway promoting tumor growth initiated by sporadic and colitis CCSCs. Knocking down either CXCL8 or CXCR1 had a dramatic effect on inhibiting both in vitro proliferation and angiogenesis. Likewise, tumorigenicity was significantly inhibited due to reduced levels of proliferation and angiogenesis. Decreased expression of cycle cell regulators cyclins D1 and B1 along with increased p21 levels suggested that the reduction in tumor growth is due to dysregulation of cell cycle progression. Therapeutically targeting the CXCL8-CXCR1 signaling pathway has the potential to block sustained tumorigenesis by inhibiting both CCSC- and pCCSC-induced proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Fisher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kishan Bellamkonda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - L Alex Molina
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shao Xiang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Liska
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samaneh K Sarvestani
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Annamarie Berg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marda L Jorgensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Denise Hatala
- Immunochemistry Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sugong Chen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Aiello
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henry D Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward W Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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19
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Taheri M, Noroozi R, Dehghan A, Roozbahani GA, Omrani MD, Ghafouri-Fard S. Interleukin (IL)-8 polymorphisms and risk of prostate disorders. Gene 2019; 692:22-25. [PMID: 30641210 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) as two prevalent age-related disorders in male have some shared genetic and immunological underlying mechanisms. However, researchers have aimed at identification of specific biomarkers with the ability to differentiate between these disorders. In the present study, we genotyped the rs4073, rs2227306 and rs1126647 single nucleotide polymorphisms within IL-8 gene in 530 individuals including 130 PCa patients, 200 BPH patients and 200 male controls. The rs2227306 alleles and genotypes were distributed equally in the three study groups. The frequency of the A allele of the rs4073 was significantly lower in PCa group compared with BPH group (OR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.46-0.84), adjusted P value = 0.006). This allele was negatively associated with PCa risk in dominant model (OR (95% CI) = 0.53 (0.34-0.83), adjusted P value = 0.02). When comparing PCa and BPH groups, the rs1126647 was associated with PCa risk in recessive model (OR (95% CI) = 2.14 (1.23-3.72), adjusted P value = 0.02). The A T A haplotype (rs4073, rs2227306 and rs1126647 respectively) was less frequent in PCa group compared with BPH group (OR (95% CI) = 0.4 (0.22-0.75), adjusted P value = 0.03). Consequently, our data demonstrated significant differences in allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies of IL-8 variants between BPH and PCa patients which might imply distinct role for this chemokine in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Future studies are needed to elaborate the underlying mechanism of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Noroozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Dehghan
- Department of pathology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Paudyal P, Xie Q, Vaddi PK, Henry MD, Chen S. Inhibiting G protein βγ signaling blocks prostate cancer progression and enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36067-36081. [PMID: 28415604 PMCID: PMC5482639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in prostate cancer progression, but targeting them has been challenging because multiple GPCRs are involved in cancer progression. In this study, we tested the effect of blocking signaling via a hub through which multiple GPCRs converge — the G-protein Gβγ subunits. Inhibiting Gβγ signaling in several castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (i.e. PC3, DU145 and 22Rv1), impaired cell growth and migration in vitro, and halted tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. The blockade of Gβγ signaling also diminished prostate cancer stem cell-like activities, by reducing tumorsphere formation in vitro and tumor formation in a limiting dilution assay in nude mice. Furthermore, Gβγ blockade enhanced the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results identify a novel function of Gβγ in regulating prostate cancer stem-cell-like activities, and demonstrate that targeting Gβγ signaling is an effective approach in blocking prostate cancer progression and augmenting response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Paudyal
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Prasanna Kuma Vaddi
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- The Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Urology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Songhai Chen
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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21
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Sagini MN, Zepp M, Bergmann F, Bozza M, Harbottle R, Berger MR. The expression of genes contributing to pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression is influenced by the respective environment. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:114-129. [PMID: 30108682 PMCID: PMC6086001 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis and limited curative options. We investigated the influence of organ environments on gene expression in RNU rats by orthotopic and intraportal infusion of Suit2-007luc cells into the pancreas, liver and lung respectively. Tumor tissues from these sites were analyzed by chip array and histopathology. Generated data was analyzed by Chipster and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (±1.5 expression fold change and p<0.05). Further analysis of functional annotations derived from IPA, was based on selected genes with significant modulation of expression. Comparison of groups was performed by creating ratios from the mean expression values derived from pancreas and respective in vitro values, whereas those from liver and lung were related to pancreas, respectively. Genes of interest from three functional annotations for respective organs were identified by exclusion-overlap analyses. From the resulting six genes, transglutaminase2 (TGM2) was further investigated by various assays. Its knockdown with siRNA induced dose dependent inhibitory and stimulatory effects on cell proliferation and cell migration, respectively. DNA fragmentation indicated apoptotic cell death in response to TGM2 knockdown. Cell cycle analysis by FACS showed that TGM2 knockdown induced G1/S blockade. Therefore, TGM2 and its associated genes may be promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah N. Sagini
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Zepp
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Bergmann
- University Clinic of Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Bozza
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Harbottle
- DNA Vectors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin R. Berger
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Constructing Bayesian networks by integrating gene expression and copy number data identifies NLGN4Y as a novel regulator of prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68688-68707. [PMID: 27626693 PMCID: PMC5356583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) and identify novel underlying drivers, we constructed integrative molecular Bayesian networks (IMBNs) for PCa by integrating gene expression and copy number alteration data from published datasets. After demonstrating such IMBNs with superior network accuracy, we identified multiple sub-networks within IMBNs related to biochemical recurrence (BCR) of PCa and inferred the corresponding key drivers. The key drivers regulated a set of common effectors including genes preferentially expressed in neuronal cells. NLGN4Y—a protein involved in synaptic adhesion in neurons—was ranked as the top gene closely linked to key drivers of myogenesis subnetworks. Lower expression of NLGN4Y was associated with higher grade PCa and an increased risk of BCR. We show that restoration of the protein expression of NLGN4Y in PC-3 cells leads to decreased cell proliferation, migration and inflammatory cytokine expression. Our results suggest that NLGN4Y is an important negative regulator in prostate cancer progression. More importantly, it highlights the value of IMBNs in generating biologically and clinically relevant hypotheses about prostate cancer that can be validated by independent studies.
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23
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Inflammatory Cytokine Signaling during Development of Pancreatic and Prostate Cancers. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7979637. [PMID: 29379802 PMCID: PMC5742898 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7979637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is essential for many diseases including cancer. Activation and recruitment of immune cells during inflammation result in a cytokine- and chemokine-enriched cell environment, which affects cancer development. Since each type of cancer has its unique tumor environment, effects of cytokines from different sources such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and cancer cells on cancer development can be quite complex. In this review, how immune cells contribute to tumorigenesis of pancreatic and prostate cancers through their secreted cytokines is discussed. In addition, the cytokine signaling that tumor cells of pancreatic and prostate cancers utilize to benefit their own survival is delineated.
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24
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A standardized herbal extract mitigates tumor inflammation and augments chemotherapy effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15624. [PMID: 29142311 PMCID: PMC5688072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NFκB pathway is often associated with advanced cancer and has thus been regarded as a rational therapeutic target. Wedelia chinensis is rich in luteolin, apigenin, and wedelolactone that act synergistically to suppress androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer. Interestingly, our evaluation of a standardized Wedelia chinensis herbal extract (WCE) concluded its efficacy on hormone-refractory prostate cancer through systemic mechanisms. Oral administration of WCE significantly attenuated tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic PC-3 and DU145 xenografts. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of these tumors revealed that WCE suppressed the expression of IKKα/β phosphorylation and downstream cytokines/chemokines, e.g., IL6, CXCL1, and CXCL8. Through restraining the cytokines expression, WCE reduced tumor-elicited infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial cells into the tumors, therefore inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. In MDSCs, WCE also reduced STAT3 activation, downregulated S100A8 expression and prevented their expansion. Use of WCE in combination with docetaxel significantly suppressed docetaxel-induced NFκB activation, boosted the therapeutic effect and reduced the systemic toxicity caused by docetaxel monotherapy. These data suggest that a standardized preparation of Wedelia chinensis extract improved prostate cancer therapy through immunomodulation and has potential application as an adjuvant agent for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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25
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Guo Y, Zang Y, Lv L, Cai F, Qian T, Zhang G, Feng Q. IL‑8 promotes proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis via STAT3/AKT/NF‑κB pathway in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9035-9042. [PMID: 29039490 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) possesses tumorigenic and proangiogenic properties, and is overexpressed in many human cancer types. However, only few studies have demonstrated the mechanisms of action of IL‑8 regarding the ability to promote proliferation and to inhibit apoptosis in prostate cancer. Here, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of IL‑8 on the prostate cancer cell line and determine possible mechanisms underlying its effect. In this study, IL‑8 was shown to be significantly upregulated in prostate cancer compared with paired normal control tissues. The data showed that IL‑8 exhibits direct oncogenicity, which significantly induced cell proliferation, invasion and attenuated apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/protein kinase B/nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, modulation of IL‑8 expression or its associated signaling pathway may provide a novel working mechanism of IL‑8 in prostate cancer, and a promising strategy for controlling the progression and metastasis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Lianzheng Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P.R. China
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26
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Armstrong CM, Liu C, Lou W, Lombard AP, Evans CP, Gao AC. MicroRNA-181a promotes docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2017; 77:1020-1028. [PMID: 28485104 PMCID: PMC5448975 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel is one of the primary drugs used for treating castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, over time patients invariably develop resistance to docetaxel therapy and their disease will continue to progress. The mechanisms by which resistance develops are still incompletely understood. This study seeks to determine the involvement of miRNAs, specifically miR-181a, in docetaxel resistance in CRPC. METHODS Real-time PCR was used to measure miR-181a expression in parental and docetaxel resistant C4-2B and DU145 cells (TaxR and DU145-DTXR). miR-181a expression was modulated in parental or docetaxel resistant cells by transfecting them with miR-181a mimics or antisense, respectively. Following transfection, cell number was determined after 48 h with or without docetaxel. Cross resistance to cabazitaxel induced by miR-181a was also determined. Western blots were used to determine ABCB1 protein expression and rhodamine assays used to assess activity. Phospho-p53 expression was assessed by Western blot and apoptosis was measured by ELISA in C4-2B TaxR and PC3 cells with inhibited or overexpressed miR-181a expression with or without docetaxel. RESULTS miR-181a is significantly overexpressed in TaxR and DU145-DTXR cells compared to parental cells. Overexpression of miR-181a in parental cells confers docetaxel and cabazitaxel resistance and knockdown of miR-181a in TaxR cells re-sensitizes them to treatment with both docetaxel and cabazitaxel. miR-181a was not observed to impact ABCB1 expression or activity, a protein which was previously demonstrated to be highly involved in docetaxel resistance. Knockdown of miR-181a in TaxR cells induced phospho-p53 expression. Furthermore, miR-181a knockdown alone induced apoptosis in TaxR cells which could be further enhanced by the addition of DTX. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of mir-181a in prostate cancer cells contributes to their resistance to docetaxel and cabazitaxel and inhibition of mir-181a expression can restore treatment response. This is due, in part, to modulation of p53 phosphorylation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan P. Lombard
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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27
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Setty Balakrishnan A, Nathan AA, Kumar M, Ramamoorthy S, Ramia Mothilal SK. Withania somnifera targets interleukin-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate cancer progression. Prostate Int 2017; 5:75-83. [PMID: 28593171 PMCID: PMC5448731 DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a common noncutaneous malignancy in men. The incidence of PC is increasing at an alarming rate across the globe. Progression of PC is associated with elevated levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in malignant cells. Overexpression of these players is accompanied by chronic inflammation, increased angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, and inhibition of apoptosis. Moreover, their elevated circulating levels promote the disease progression from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent state. Thus, inhibiting the expression of IL-8 and COX-2 would be a promising target in the development of PC therapeutics. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera extract on highly metastatic, androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Additionally, we compared the real-time expression of IL-8 and COX-2 in prostate tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell viability and cytotoxicity of W. somnifera extract in PC3 cells was quantified colorimetrically by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assay, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histological examination, trypan blue, and acridine orange dyes to enumerate apoptotic and live cells, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the expression and flow cytometry to study the cell cycle analysis were used. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the cell viability with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 10 μg/mL. The expression levels of IL-8 and COX-2 in prostate tissue samples and in PC3 cells were predominantly high; however, the lowest dose of W. somnifera significantly inhibited the enhanced expression of IL-8 and COX-2 in PC3 cells in 24 hours. Furthermore, W. somnifera extract (10 μg/mL) irreversibly arrested the cell cycle in G2/M phase, which was evident from the rapid accumulation of PC3 cells significantly. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that inherent metastatic and selective inhibitory potential of W. somnifera against PC. W. somnifera may be a good therapeutic agent in addition to the existing drugs for PC. Further studies with more prostate tissue samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Sudhakar Ramamoorthy
- Department of Pathology, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Madurai, India
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28
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Antognelli C, Ferri I, Bellezza G, Siccu P, Love HD, Talesa VN, Sidoni A. Glyoxalase 2 drives tumorigenesis in human prostate cells in a mechanism involving androgen receptor and p53-p21 axis. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2112-2126. [PMID: 28470764 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyoxalase 2 (Glo2), a metabolic enzyme, is overexpressed in some human cancers which suggests this enzyme may play a role in human tumorigenesis. In prostate cancer (PCa), the role of Glo2 has been scarcely investigated and there are no studies addressing a causative involvement of this protein in this neoplasia. Here, we examined the immunohistochemical profile of Glo2 in human PCa and benign adjacent tissues and investigated Glo2 involvement in PCa development in human prostate cell lines. PCa and matched adjacent normal tissues were obtained from paraffin sections of primary PCa from 20 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for each sample. Glo2 expression analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry in prostate tissues, and by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting in prostate cell lines. The causative and mechanistic role of Glo2 in prostate tumorigenesis was demonstrated by Glo2 ectopic expression/silencing and employing specific activators/inhibitors. Our results showed that Glo2 was selectively expressed in PCa but not in the luminal compartment of the adjacent benign epithelium consistently in all the examined 20 cases. Glo2 expression in PCa was dependent on androgen receptor (AR) and was aimed at stimulating cell proliferation and eluding apoptosis through a mechanism involving the p53-p21 axis. Glo2 was intensely expressed in the basal cells of benign glands but was not involved in PCa genesis. Our results demonstrate for the first time that Glo2 drives prostate tumorigenesis and suggest that it may represent a novel adjuvant marker in the pathological diagnosis of early PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Antognelli
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Bellezza
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Siccu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Harold D Love
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vincenzo N Talesa
- Division of Biosciences and Medical Embryology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Sidoni
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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29
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Hartwig T, Montinaro A, von Karstedt S, Sevko A, Surinova S, Chakravarthy A, Taraborrelli L, Draber P, Lafont E, Arce Vargas F, El-Bahrawy MA, Quezada SA, Walczak H. The TRAIL-Induced Cancer Secretome Promotes a Tumor-Supportive Immune Microenvironment via CCR2. Mol Cell 2017; 65:730-742.e5. [PMID: 28212753 PMCID: PMC5316415 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is known for specifically killing cancer cells, whereas in resistant cancers, TRAIL/TRAIL-R can promote metastasis via Rac1 and PI3K. It remains unknown, however, whether and to what extent TRAIL/TRAIL-R signaling in cancer cells can affect the immune microenvironment. Here we show that TRAIL-triggered cytokine secretion from TRAIL-resistant cancer cells is FADD dependent and identify the TRAIL-induced secretome to drive monocyte polarization to myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like macrophages. TRAIL-R suppression in tumor cells impaired CCL2 production and diminished both lung MDSC presence and tumor growth. In accordance, the receptor of CCL2, CCR2, is required to facilitate increased MDSC presence and tumor growth. Finally, TRAIL and CCL2 are co-regulated with MDSC/M2 markers in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Collectively, endogenous TRAIL/TRAIL-R-mediated CCL2 secretion promotes accumulation of tumor-supportive immune cells in the cancer microenvironment, thereby revealing a tumor-supportive immune-modulatory role of the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Hartwig
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Antonella Montinaro
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alexandra Sevko
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Silvia Surinova
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ankur Chakravarthy
- Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Peter Draber
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Frederick Arce Vargas
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mona A El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation, Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK.
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30
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Hotte SJ. Addressing taxane resistance in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a focus on chaperone proteins. Future Oncol 2017; 13:369-379. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant survival benefit of taxane therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), all patients inevitably develop treatment resistance. An understanding of resistance mechanisms has led to new therapies for prostate cancer (cabazitaxel, abiraterone and enzalutamide), all of which have improved survival following first-line docetaxel. Another treatment, currently in development, targets the prosurvival molecule clusterin. Custirsen, an antisense molecule that inhibits clusterin production, has shown promise in combination with docetaxel in mCRPC patients at risk for poor outcomes. Although optimal sequence and combination of available therapies is unclear, the heterogeneity of mCRPC suggests a continuing need for personalized treatment regimens and improved abilities to predict which patients will respond to the available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J Hotte
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, Ontario, L8V 5C2, Canada
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31
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Lima KG, Krause GC, Schuster AD, Catarina AV, Basso BS, De Mesquita FC, Pedrazza L, Marczak ES, Martha BA, Nunes FB, Chiela ECF, Jaeger N, Thomé MP, Haute GV, Dias HB, Donadio MVF, De Oliveira JR. Gallic acid reduces cell growth by induction of apoptosis and reduction of IL-8 in HepG2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1282-1290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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32
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Liu Q, Li A, Tian Y, Wu JD, Liu Y, Li T, Chen Y, Han X, Wu K. The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 pathways in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:61-71. [PMID: 27578214 PMCID: PMC6142815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent infection or chronic inflammation contributes significantly to tumourigenesis and tumour progression. C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) is a chemokine that acts as an important multifunctional cytokine to modulate tumour proliferation, invasion and migration in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Studies have suggested that CXCL8 and its cognate receptors, C-X-C chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and CX-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), mediate the initiation and development of various cancers including breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal carcinoma and melanoma. CXCL8 also integrates with multiple intracellular signalling pathways to produce coordinated effects. Neovascularisation, which provides a basis for fostering tumour growth and metastasis, is now recognised as a critical function of CXCL8 in the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the biological functions and ficlinical significance of the CXCL8 signalling axis in cancer. We also propose that CXCL8 may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yijun Tian
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatric, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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33
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Armstrong CM, Gao AC. Adaptive pathways and emerging strategies overcoming treatment resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Urol 2016. [PMID: 28642838 PMCID: PMC5477778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapies available for prostate cancer patients whom progress from hormone-sensitive to castration resistant prostate cancer include both systemic drugs, including docetaxel and cabazitaxel, and drugs that inhibit androgen signaling such as enzalutamide and abiraterone. Unfortunately, it is estimated that up to 30% of patients have primary resistance to these treatments and over time even those who initially respond to therapy will eventually develop resistance and their disease will continue to progress regardless of the presence of the drug. Determining the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to these therapies has been the area of intense study and several adaptive pathways have been uncovered. Androgen receptor (AR) mutations, expression of AR-V7 (or other constitutively active androgen receptor variants), intracrine androgen production and overexpression of androgen synthesis enzymes such as Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1, Member C3 (AKR1C3) are among the many mechanisms associated with resistance to anti-androgens. In regards to the taxanes, one of the key contributors to drug resistance is increased drug efflux through ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1). Targeting these resistance mechanisms using different strategies has led to various levels of success in overcoming resistance to current therapies. For instance, targeting AR-V7 with niclosamide or AKR1C3 with indomethacin can improve enzalutamide and abiraterone treatment. ABCB1 transport activity can be inhibited by the dietary constituent apigenin and antiandrogens such as bicalutamide which in turn improves response to docetaxel. A more thorough understanding of how drug resistance develops will lead to improved treatment strategies. This review will cover the current knowledge of resistance mechanisms to castration resistant prostate cancer therapies and methods that have been identified which may improve treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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34
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Ou Z, Wang Y, Liu L, Li L, Yeh S, Qi L, Chang C. Tumor microenvironment B cells increase bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of the IL-8/androgen receptor (AR)/MMPs signals. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26065-78. [PMID: 26305549 PMCID: PMC4694886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While B cells in the tumor microenvironment may play important roles in cancer progression, their impacts on the bladder cancer (BCa) metastasis remain unclear. Here we found from human clinical BCa samples that BCa tissues could recruit more B cells than the surrounding normal bladder tissues and the in vitro co-culture assay also demonstrated that B cells could be recruited more easily towards BCa cells compared to normal bladder cells. Chamber invasion and 3D invasion assays showed the recruited B cells could then significantly increase the BCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection found that recruited B cells could increase IL-8/androgen receptor (AR) signals in BCa cells that could then promote the expression of metastasis genes including MMP1 and MMP13. Blocking the IL-8/AR/MMPs signals either by anti-IL-8 neutralizing antibody, AR-siRNA, or MMPs inhibitors all partially reversed the infiltrating B cells capacity to increase the BCa cell invasion. The in vivo data from orthotopically xenografted BCa mouse model also confirmed that infiltrating B cells could increase BCa cell invasion via increasing AR signals. Together, these results demonstrate the key roles of B cells within the bladder tumor microenvironment that increase the BCa metastasis and may help us to develop the potential therapies via targeting these newly identified IL-8/AR/MMPs signals to better battle the BCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ou
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Longfei Liu
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Departments of Urology and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Pathology and Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Sex hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Chen S, Fisher RC, Signs S, Molina LA, Shenoy AK, Lopez MC, Baker HV, Koomen JM, Chen Y, Gittleman H, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Berg A, Appelman HD, Huang EH. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in PI3KR2-overexpressing colon cancer stem cells reduces tumor growth due to apoptosis. Oncotarget 2016; 8:50476-50488. [PMID: 28881576 PMCID: PMC5584153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In sporadic colon cancer, colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) initiate tumorigenesis and may contribute to late disease recurrences and metastases. We previously showed that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity (as indicated by the ALDEFLUOR® assay) is an effective marker for highly enriching CCSCs for further evaluation. Here, we used comparative transcriptome and proteome approaches to identify signaling pathways overrepresented in the CCSC population. We found overexpression of several components of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, including PI3KR2, a regulatory subunit of PI3K. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, defined the contribution of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in CCSCs. LY294002-treated CCSCs showed decreases in proliferation, sphere formation and self-renewal, in phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt, and in expression of cyclin D1. Inhibition of PI3K in vivo reduced tumorigenicity, increased detection of cleaved caspase 3, an indicator of apoptosis, and elevated expression of the inflammatory chemokine, CXCL8. Collectively, these results indicate that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling controls CCSC proliferation and CCSC survival, and suggests that it would be useful to develop therapeutic agents that target this signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugong Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Robert C Fisher
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Steven Signs
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - L Alex Molina
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Anitha K Shenoy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Maria-Cecilia Lopez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Molecular Oncology and Proteomics, SRB3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Molecular Oncology and Proteomics, SRB3, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Haley Gittleman
- Bioinformatics, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | | | - Annamarie Berg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Henry D Appelman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Emina H Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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36
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37
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Ashour AE, Ahmed AF, Kumar A, Zoheir KMA, Aboul-Soud MA, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Abd-Allah ARA, Cheryan VT, Rishi AK. Thymoquinone inhibits growth of human medulloblastoma cells by inducing oxidative stress and caspase-dependent apoptosis while suppressing NF-κB signaling and IL-8 expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:141-55. [PMID: 27084536 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2703-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. The transcription factor NF-κB is overexpressed in human MB and is a critical factor for MB tumor growth. NF-κB is known to regulate the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), the chemokine that enhances cancer cell growth and resistance to chemotherapy. We have recently shown that thymoquinone (TQ) suppresses growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in part by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Here we sought to extend these studies in MB cells and show that TQ suppresses growth of MB cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, causes G2M cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis. TQ significantly increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while pretreatment of MB cells with the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abrogated TQ-induced cell death and apoptosis, suggesting that TQ-induced cell death and apoptosis are oxidative stress-mediated. TQ inhibitory effects were associated with inhibition of NF-κB and altered expression of its downstream effectors IL-8 and its receptors, the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, X-IAP, and FLIP, as well as the pro-apoptotic TRAIL-R1, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bcl-xS, and cytochrome c. TQ-triggered apoptosis was substantiated by up-regulation of the executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7, as well as cleavage of the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. Interestingly, pretreatment of MB cells with NAC or the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk abrogated TQ-induced apoptosis, loss of cyclin B1 and NF-κB activity, suggesting that these TQ-mediated effects are oxidative stress- and caspase-dependent. These findings reveal that TQ induces both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in MB cells, and suggest its potential usefulness in the treatment of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader E Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Atallah F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Vitiligo Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairy M A Zoheir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mourad A Aboul-Soud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research Chair, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel R A Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vino T Cheryan
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Rishi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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38
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Kumar S, Chaudhary AK, Kumar R, O'Malley J, Dubrovska A, Wang X, Yadav N, Goodrich DW, Chandra D. Combination therapy induces unfolded protein response and cytoskeletal rearrangement leading to mitochondrial apoptosis in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:949-65. [PMID: 27106131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of therapeutic resistance is responsible for most prostate cancer (PCa) related mortality. Resistance has been attributed to an acquired or selected cancer stem cell phenotype. Here we report the histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin (APC) or ER stressor thapsigargin (TG) potentiate paclitaxel (TXL)-induced apoptosis in PCa cells and limit accumulation of cancer stem cells. TXL-induced responses were modulated in the presence of TG with increased accumulation of cells at G1-phase, rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, and changes in cytokine release. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was associated with modulation of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial unfolded protein response leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and release of proapoptotic proteins from mitochondria. TXL in combination with APC or TG enhanced caspase activation. Importantly, TXL in combination with TG induced caspase activation and apoptosis in X-ray resistant LNCaP cells. Increased release of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was observed while phosphorylated β-catenin level was suppressed with TXL combination treatments. This was accompanied by a decrease in the CD44(+)CD133(+) cancer stem cell-like population, suggesting treatment affects cancer stem cell properties. Taken together, combination treatment with TXL and either APC or TG induces efficient apoptosis in both proliferating and cancer stem cells, suggesting this therapeutic combination may overcome drug resistance and recurrence in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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39
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Liu YN, Chang TH, Tsai MF, Wu SG, Tsai TH, Chen HY, Yu SL, Yang JCH, Shih JY. IL-8 confers resistance to EGFR inhibitors by inducing stem cell properties in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10415-31. [PMID: 25871388 PMCID: PMC4496364 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted strategy is limited by resistance. We identify the potential genes involved in EGFR TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) resistance and study the therapeutic mechanism in the non-small cell lung cancers. Potential genes involved in resistance were examined by analyzing datasets from a pair of EGFR TKI-sensitive (PC9) and TKI-resistant cells (PC9/gef). Blood specimens from patients taking EGFR TKI as first-line treatment were used to examine the correlation between drug's efficacy and IL-8 level. The effects of IL-8 on gefitinib-induced apoptosis, stemness, and in vivo tumorigenicity were investigated using established cell lines. We identified IL-8 was up-regulated in gefitinib-resistant cells, and high plasma IL-8 level was correlated with shorter progression-free-survival time. IL-8 overexpression suppressed gefitinib-induced apoptosis in gefitinib-sensitive cells. By contrast, suppression of IL-8 enhanced gefitinib-induced cell death in gefitinib-resistant cells. IL-8 also increased stem-like characteristics including aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, expression of stemness-related genes, clonogenic activity, side-population, and in vivo tumorigenicity. Consistently, knockdown of IL-8 leads to loss of stem cell-like characteristics in gefitinib-resistant cells. Our study demonstrates an important role for IL-8, and suggests IL-8 is a potential therapeutic target for overcoming EGFR TKI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dayeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Gin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiu Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - James Chih-Hsin Yang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oncology, Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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Sheng Z, Sun Y, Zhu R, Jiao N, Tang K, Cao Z, Ma C. Functional Cross-Talking between Differentially Expressed and Alternatively Spliced Genes in Human Liver Cancer Cells Treated with Berberine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143742. [PMID: 26606055 PMCID: PMC4659683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine has been identified with anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cells. Many researchers have been trying to elucidate the anti-cancer mechanisms of berberine based on differentially expressed genes. However, differentially alternative splicing genes induced by berberine might also contribute to its pharmacological actions and have not been reported yet. Moreover, the potential functional cross-talking between the two sets of genes deserves further exploration. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to detect the differentially expressed genes and differentially alternative spliced genes in BEL-7402 cancer cells induced by berberine. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were mainly enriched in the p53 and cell cycle signalling pathway. In addition, it was statistically proven that the two sets of genes were locally co-enriched along chromosomes, closely connected to each other based on protein-protein interaction and functionally similar on Gene Ontology tree. These results suggested that the two sets of genes regulated by berberine might be functionally cross-talked and jointly contribute to its cell cycle arresting effect. It has provided new clues for further researches on the pharmacological mechanisms of berberine as well as the other botanical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailin Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZWC); (CM)
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZWC); (CM)
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Armstrong CM, Gao AC. Drug resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer: resistance mechanisms and emerging treatment strategies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2015; 3:64-76. [PMID: 26309896 PMCID: PMC4539108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms facilitate the progression of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). At present, the approved chemotherapies for CRPC include systemic drugs (docetaxel and cabazitaxel) and agents that target androgen signaling, including enzalutamide and abiraterone. While up to 30% of patients have primary resistance to these treatments, each of these drugs confers a significant survival benefit for many. Over time, however, all patients inevitably develop resistance to treatment and their disease will continue to progress. Several key mechanisms have been identified that give rise to drug resistance. Expression of constitutively active variants of the androgen receptor, such as AR-V7, intracrine androgens and overexpression of androgen synthesis enzymes like AKR1C3, and increased drug efflux through ABCB1 are just some of the many discovered mechanisms of drug resistance. Treatment strategies are being developed to target these pathways and reintroduce drug sensitivity. Niclosamide has been discovered to reduce AR-V7 activity and synergized to enzalutamide. Indomethacin has been explored to inhibit AKR1C3 activity and showed to be able to reverse resistance to enzalutamide. ABCB1 transport activity can be mitigated by the phytochemical apigenin and by antiandrogens such as bicalutamide, with each improving cellular response to chemotherapeutics. By better understanding the mechanisms by which drug resistance develops improved treatment strategies will be made possible. Herein, we review the existing knowledge of CRPC therapies and resistance mechanisms as well as methods that have been identified which may improve drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at DavisSacramento, CA, USA
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Grigore AD, Ben-Jacob E, Farach-Carson MC. Prostate cancer and neuroendocrine differentiation: more neuronal, less endocrine? Front Oncol 2015; 5:37. [PMID: 25785244 PMCID: PMC4347593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) marks a structural and functional feature of certain cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), whereby the malignant tissue contains a significant proportion of cells displaying neuronal, endocrine, or mixed features. NED cells produce, and can secrete, a cocktail of mediators commonly encountered in the nervous system, which may stimulate and coordinate cancer growth. In PCa, NED appears during advanced stages, subsequent to treatment, and accompanies treatment resistance and poor prognosis. However, the term “neuroendocrine” in this context is intrinsically vague. This article seeks to provide a framework on which a unified view of NED might emerge. First, we review the mutually beneficial interplay between PCa and neural structures, mainly supported by cell biology experiments and neurological conditions. Next, we address the correlations between PCa and neural functions, as described in the literature. Based upon the integration of clinical and basic observations, we suggest that it is legitimate to seek for true neural differentiation, or neuromimicry, in cancer progression, most notably in PCa cells exhibiting what is commonly described as NED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Dan Grigore
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Eshel Ben-Jacob
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel ; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA ; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University , Houston, TX , USA
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de Leeuw R, Berman-Booty LD, Schiewer MJ, Ciment SJ, Den RB, Dicker AP, Kelly WK, Trabulsi EJ, Lallas CD, Gomella LG, Knudsen KE. Novel actions of next-generation taxanes benefit advanced stages of prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:795-807. [PMID: 25691773 PMCID: PMC4333741 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the outcomes of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there is an urgent need for more effective therapies and approaches that individualize specific treatments for patients with CRPC. These studies compared the novel taxane cabazitaxel with the previous generation docetaxel, and aimed to determine which tumors are most likely to respond. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cabazitaxel and docetaxel were compared via in vitro modeling to determine the molecular mechanism, biochemical and cell biologic impact, and cell proliferation, which was further assessed ex vivo in human tumor explants. Isogenic pairs of RB knockdown and control cells were interrogated in vitro and in xenograft tumors for cabazitaxel response. RESULTS The data herein show that (i) cabazitaxel exerts stronger cytostatic and cytotoxic response compared with docetaxel, especially in CRPC; (ii) cabazitaxel induces aberrant mitosis, leading to pyknotic and multinucleated cells; (iii) taxanes do not act through the androgen receptor (AR); (iv) gene-expression profiling reveals distinct molecular actions for cabazitaxel; and (v) tumors that have progressed to castration resistance via loss of RB show enhanced sensitivity to cabazitaxel. CONCLUSIONS Cabazitaxel not only induces improved cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, but also affects distinct molecular pathways, compared with docetaxel, which could underlie its efficacy after docetaxel treatment has failed in patients with CRPC. Finally, RB is identified as the first potential biomarker that could define the therapeutic response to taxanes in metastatic CRPC. This would suggest that loss of RB function induces sensitization to taxanes, which could benefit up to 50% of CRPC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée de Leeuw
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa D Berman-Booty
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J Schiewer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Ciment
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William K Kelly
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Costas D Lallas
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard G Gomella
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Thapa D, Ghosh R. Chronic inflammatory mediators enhance prostate cancer development and progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:53-62. [PMID: 25593038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is postulated to influence prostate cancer progression. Preclinical studies have claimed that inflammatory mediators are involved in prostate cancer development and therefore suggested these as attractive targets for intervention. However, among the many pro-inflammatory mediators, there is no consensus regarding the identity of the primary one(s). In clinical studies, chronic inflammation has been found in prostate tumor specimens, and tissues resected for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although collective evidence from molecular, experimental and clinical data suggests that inflammation can contribute or promote prostate carcinogenesis, an etiologic link has not yet been established. Moreover, the role of chronic inflammation in the onset of castration resistant and metastatic disease is unclear. Therefore it is important to open a dialog regarding recent findings on how chronic inflammatory mediators contribute to prostate cancer progression, and their usefulness to prevent disease progression. In this commentary, we assess the current literature with respect to chronic inflammation as a potential initiator and promoter of prostate carcinogenesis and discuss the prospects for its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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MAGADOUX L, ISAMBERT N, PLENCHETTE S, JEANNIN J, LAURENS V. Emerging targets to monitor and overcome docetaxel resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:919-28. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Nelius T, Martinez-Marin D, Hirsch J, Miller B, Rinard K, Lopez J, de Riese W, Filleur S. Pigment epithelium-derived factor expression prolongs survival and enhances the cytotoxicity of low-dose chemotherapy in castration-refractory prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1210. [PMID: 24810046 PMCID: PMC4047872 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is currently no cure for advanced castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC) despite the recent approval of several new therapeutic agents. We report here the anti-tumor effect of the angio-inhibitory pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in the metastatic LNCaP-derivative CRPC CL1 model and explore PEDF anti-neoplasic efficacy in combination with low-dose chemotherapy. Androgen-sensitive LNCaP and CRPC PC3 cell lines were examined as comparison. Using a retroviral expression system, we showed that PEDF limited the proliferation of all prostatic cell lines tested; an effect attributed to interleukin 8 (IL8)-CXCR1/IL8RA inhibition. PEDF also reduced the number and size of 3D tumor spheroids in vitro, but only induced cell differentiation in CRPC spheroids. Similarly, PEDF inhibited the migration of CRPC cells suggesting both anti-proliferative and anti-migratory functions. In vivo, PEDF decreased by 85% and 65% the growth of subcutaneous (s.c.) PC3 and CL1 tumors, respectively. In the CL1 orthotopic model, tumor intake with lethal metastases was found in all animals; nevertheless, PEDF prolonged the median survival of tumor-bearing mice (95% confidence interval: 53±0.001 to 57±1 days). Accordingly, PEDF delayed the emergence of skeletal-related event in intra-tibial xenografts. Next, we evaluated low-dose docetaxel (DTX; 5, 1, 0.5 mg/kg) or cyclophosphamide (CTX; 10–20 mg/kg) on established s.c. PC3 tumors that conditionally express PEDF anti-tumoral epitope/NT3. Although NT3–DTX-5 mg/kg combination was inefficient, NT3–DTX-1 mg/kg and -0.5 mg/kg inhibited by 95% and 87.8%, respectively, tumor growth compared with control and induced tumor stasis. Both NT3–CTX combinations were advantageous. Inversely, PEDF–DTX-5 mg/kg and PEDF–CTX-10 mg/kg delayed the most CL1 tumor growth (15, 11 and 5 days for PEDF–DTX-5 mg/kg, PEDF–CTX-10 mg/kg and single treatments, respectively) with elevated apoptosis and serum thrombospondin-1 as possible mechanism and marker, respectively. As well, both PEDF–CTX-10 mg/kg and PEDF–DTX-5 mg/kg prolonged significantly the survival of tumor-bearing mice compared with single treatments. Metastases were reduced in PEDF–DTX-5 mg/kg compared with other treatments, suggesting that PEDF–DTX delayed metastases formation. Our results advocate that PEDF/low-dose chemotherapy may represent a new therapeutic alternative for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nelius
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - D Martinez-Marin
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - J Hirsch
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - B Miller
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - K Rinard
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - J Lopez
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - W de Riese
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - S Filleur
- 1] Department of Urology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA [2] Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University-Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Miao L, Holley AK, Zhao Y, St Clair WH, St Clair DK. Redox-mediated and ionizing-radiation-induced inflammatory mediators in prostate cancer development and treatment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1481-500. [PMID: 24093432 PMCID: PMC3936609 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Radiation therapy is widely used for treatment of prostate cancer. Radiation can directly damage biologically important molecules; however, most effects of radiation-mediated cell killing are derived from the generated free radicals that alter cellular redox status. Multiple proinflammatory mediators can also influence redox status in irradiated cells and the surrounding microenvironment, thereby affecting prostate cancer progression and radiotherapy efficiency. RECENT ADVANCES Ionizing radiation (IR)-generated oxidative stress can regulate and be regulated by the production of proinflammatory mediators. Depending on the type and stage of the prostate cancer cells, these proinflammatory mediators may lead to different biological consequences ranging from cell death to development of radioresistance. CRITICAL ISSUES Tumors are heterogeneous and dynamic communication occurs between stromal and prostate cancer cells, and complicated redox-regulated mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory strategies should be carefully evaluated for each patient at different stages of the disease to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing unintended side effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Compared with normal cells, tumor cells are usually under higher oxidative stress and secrete more proinflammatory mediators. Thus, redox status is often less adaptive in tumor cells than in their normal counterparts. This difference can be exploited in a search for new cancer therapeutics and treatment regimes that selectively activate cell death pathways in tumor cells with minimal unintended consequences in terms of chemo- and radio-resistance in tumor cells and toxicity in normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Miao
- 1 Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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Use of shRNA for stable suppression of chemokine receptor expression and function in human cancer cell lines. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1172:209-18. [PMID: 24908308 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0928-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a protocol used for stable silencing of chemokine receptor CXCR7 in human cancer cells using shRNA in a lipid transfection setting, previously published by our laboratory. We provide thorough detail and background information about the process of shRNA to clarify the importance of this process. We use CXCR7 shRNA and scrambled sequence shRNA constructs cloned into a pRS plasmid under the control of a U6 promoter for stable expression. Human cancer cells are transfected with shRNA-pRS using Lipofectamine 2000. Cells stably expressing the shRNA are selected from transfected cultures following 2 weeks in medium containing the selection antibiotic puromycin. The emergent cell colonies are evaluated for knockdown of CXCR7 mRNA and protein expression by q-PCR and immunoblotting with rabbit anti-CXCR7 IgG, respectively.
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50
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Parihar JS, Tunuguntla HSGR. Role of chemokines in renal cell carcinoma. Rev Urol 2014; 16:118-121. [PMID: 25337041 PMCID: PMC4191631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With new frontiers of pharmaceutical therapies focusing on tumor growth and angiogenesis, understanding the interaction between immune system and tumor microenvironment has become ever more important. Chemokines and chemokine receptors appear to play an integral role in tumor characteristics. Evidence suggests CXCR4, CXCL5, CXCR7, and stromal derived factor-1 appear to be crucial in survival, growth, and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. As the role of chemokines in renal cancer is becoming more evident, further research will lead to a better understanding of tumor biology and the development of new therapeutic targets to help improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet S Parihar
- Division of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Hari S G R Tunuguntla
- Division of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ
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