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Lyudinina AY, Parshukova OI, Bojko ER. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Stable Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Highly Trained Athletes. Cells 2024; 13:1110. [PMID: 38994963 PMCID: PMC11240318 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between levels of n-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the plasma of athletes. METHODS Highly trained cross-country skiers (males, n = 39) were examined. The fatty acid profile of the total plasma lipids was determined by gas chromatography. The plasma NO level was studied by a colorimetric method via reaction with Griess reagent. RESULTS A widespread deficiency of essential n-3 PUFAs in the plasma of athletes (more than 80% of the subjects) was demonstrated in association with an imbalance in the levels of nitrates (NO3) and nitrites (NO2). A lower value of n-3 linolenic acid in the plasma (0.21 mol/%) was associated with a NO3 level below the normal range (n-3 C18:3 and NO3 Rs = 0.461; p = 0.003). Higher levels of n-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (0.8 mol/%) were associated with a concentration of NO2 above the normal value (n-3 C20:5 and NO2 Rs = 0.449; p = 0.004). CONCLUSION For the first time, the participation of essential n-3 PUFAs in the nitrite-nitrate pathway of NO synthesis in highly trained skiers was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Y Lyudinina
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 50 Pervomayskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Olga I Parshukova
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 50 Pervomayskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgeny R Bojko
- Institute of Physiology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 50 Pervomayskaya Str., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
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Kumakura H, Funada R, Matsuo Y, Iwasaki T, Nakashima K, Tsuboi E, Ichikawa S. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Level Predicts Long-Term Survival and Cardiovascular or Limb Event in Peripheral Arterial Disease. Ann Vasc Dis 2024; 17:135-141. [PMID: 38919321 PMCID: PMC11196169 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.23-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We examined the relationship between plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level and long-term all-cause death (ACD) and cardiovascular or limb events in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Method: We performed a prospective cohort study on 637 PAD patients. The endpoints were ACD, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and lower extremity arterial events (LEAEs). Results: The incidences of ACD, MACEs, and LEAEs had correlation with EPA levels (p <0.05). Plasma EPA level had significant positive correlations with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and negative correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP). In Cox stepwise multivariate analysis, lower EPA (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.996, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.993-1.000, p = 0.034), ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), body mass index, serum albumin, eGFR, age, CRP, D-dimer, critical limb ischemia, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and statin were related to ACD (p <0.05); lower EPA (HR: 0.997, 95% CI: 0.994-1.000, p = 0.038), ABI, serum albumin, eGFR, age, diabetes, coronary heart disease, CVD, and statin were related to MACEs (p <0.05); and lower EPA (HR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.982-0.993, p <0.001), ABI, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to LEAEs (p <0.05). Conclusions: Low plasma EPA level was a significant risk factor for ACD, MACEs, and LEAEs in patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Kumakura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Funada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yae Matsuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiya Iwasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kuniki Nakashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Eitoshi Tsuboi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ichikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Hospital of Central Japan (Kitakanto Cardiovascular Hospital), Shibukawa, Gunma, Japan
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Le AT, Prabhu N, S Almoallim H, Awad Alahmadi T. Assessment of nutraceutical value, physicochemical, and anti-inflammatory profile of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119487. [PMID: 38917932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The nutraceutical value, and physicochemical profile as well as anti-inflammatory activity potential of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata (red macroalgae) dry biomass were investigated in this study. Proximate composition study results revealed that the dry biomass of O. floccose and O. dentae were found to be as ash: 9.11 & 8.7 g 100 g-1, moisture: 8.24 & 8.1 g 100 g-1, total fat: 6.9 & 7.2 g 100 g-1, protein: 24.52 & 25.6 g 100 g-1, and total carbohydrate/polysaccharides: 53.84 & 48.85 g 100 g-1 of dry weight biomass respectively. Both algae biomass contain considerable quantity of minerals (Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn). Furthermore, the major saturated fatty acids (6.24 & 5.82 g FAME 100 g-1 of total fat of O. floccose and O. dentate) (ΣFAs) present in the test algae were stearic acid, palmitic acid, and margaric acids. O. floccose and O. dentata also contain remarkable protein composition profile that compiled with considerable quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids. The vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, and E of O. floccose and O. dentate biomass were also identified at sufficient quantity level. The swelling capacity (SWC), water holding capacity (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC) properties of O. floccose and O. dentate at various temperature conditions (25 and 37 ᵒC) were found to be 8.11 & 7.02 mL g-1 and 8.95 & 7.55 mL g-1, 5.1 & 4.87 and 4.8 & 4.1 mL g-1, as well as 2.11 & 1.81 and 1.96 & 1.89 mL g-1 respectively. Among these two marine red macroalgae samples, the O. dentate showed better anti-inflammatory activity than O. floccose at 150 μg mL-1 dosage. Thus, this O. floccose and O. dentate biomass can be considerable as nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical product development related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Le
- Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam.
| | - N Prabhu
- Center for Research and Innovations, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, Riyadh - 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh - 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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Uzun G, Unal A, Basarici I, Kucuk M, Donmez L, Nacitarhan C, Özdem S. Can lipid mediators and free fatty acids guide acute coronary syndrome diagnosis and treatment? Lab Med 2024; 55:88-95. [PMID: 37307428 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate fatty acids, lipid mediator levels, and the desaturase index rates on different acute coronary syndrome types and their possible relationship with routine lipid parameters. METHODS The study included 81 patients with myocardial infarction (MI), 20 patients with unstable angina pectoris, and 31 healthy people. Fatty acids, CD59, lipoxin A4, 8-isoprostane, serum lipids, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and high sensitive troponin levels were measured in all participants. RESULTS When the fatty acid groups were evaluated as a ratio of albumin, MUFA/albumin and SFA/albumin ratios were significantly higher in the MI group compared to the control group. Although CD59 and lipoxin A4 levels were higher in the control group, there was no significant differences between the groups. When lipoxin A4/CRP and CD59/CRP ratios were evaluated, the results were significantly lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION Lipid mediators may be useful in treating atherosclerosis by contributing to the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulbahar Uzun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Unal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Basarici
- Department of Cardiology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murathan Kucuk
- Department of Cardiology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Levent Donmez
- Department of Public Health, and, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cahit Nacitarhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Özdem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
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Weir NL, Nomura SO, Guan W, Garg PK, Allison M, Misialek JR, Karger AB, Pankow JS, Tsai MY. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids are not associated with Peripheral Artery Disease in a Meta-Analysis from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Cohorts. J Nutr 2024; 154:87-94. [PMID: 37940004 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exert favorable effects on several biological processes involved in the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, studies examining the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and peripheral artery disease (PAD) are scarce. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the associations between omega-3 PUFAs and incident PAD in a meta-analysis of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohorts. METHODS Omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were measured at baseline for all MESA (n = 6495) and Minnesota ARIC participants (n = 3612). Incident clinical PAD events (MESA n = 106; ARIC n = 149) identified primarily through ICD discharge codes were assessed through follow-up of each cohort. Associations between omega-3 PUFAs (EPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA) and incident PAD were modeled in MESA and ARIC as quartiles and continuously using Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate associations in the 2 cohorts combined. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, in 10,107 participants, no significant associations were observed between EPA, DHA, or EPA+DHA, and incident PAD modeled as quartiles or continuously for either MESA or ARIC cohorts separately or in the meta-analysis after a follow-up of approximately 15 y. CONCLUSION This study is consistent with previous literature indicating that the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs on the markers of ASCVD may not translate to a clinically meaningful decrease in PAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Weir
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sarah O Nomura
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Parveen K Garg
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Allison
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California-San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Misialek
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Amy B Karger
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, MN, United States
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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Fan X, Zhang Q, Guo W, Wu Q, Hu J, Cheng W, Lü X, Rao P, Ni L, Chen Y, Chen L. The protective effects of Levilactobacillus brevis FZU0713 on lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota in hyperlipidemic rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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8
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Rodrigo-Gonzalo MJ, González-Manzano S, Pablos-Hernández MC, Méndez-Sánchez R, Ayuda Duran B, González-Sánchez J, Barbero-Iglesias F, González-Paramás AM, Recio-Rodríguez JI. Effects of a Raisin Supplement on Cognitive Performance, Quality of Life, and Functional Activities in Healthy Older Adults-Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:2811. [PMID: 37375715 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of consuming 50 g of raisins on cognitive performance, quality of life, and functional activities in healthy older adults. This is a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial, in which 80 subjects over 70 years of age participated. For 6 months, the intervention group (IG; n = 40) consumed 50 g of raisins per day added to their usual diet, whereas the control group (CG; n = 40) received no supplement. All variables were measured at baseline and at 6 months. Cognitive performance assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test shows a difference of 3.27 points (95% CI 1.59 to 4.96), p ≤ 0.001, favorable to the IG, after the intervention. Among the cognitive performances, an improvement is observed in the IG in orientation, assessed both with the MOCA test 0.49 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.87), p = 0.014, and with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test, 0.36 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.70), p = 0.038. In visuospatial/executive capacity and in language, improvements were also observed in the IG, 1.36 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.95), p = 0.001, and 0.54 points (95% CI 0.12 to 0.96), p = 0.014, respectively. Immediate and delayed recall, assessed with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, improved in the IG. In addition, the IG showed a better quality of life and greater autonomy in instrumental activities of daily living after 6 months. No significant changes were observed in the rest of the variables analyzed. Therefore, the consumption of 50 g of raisins produces a slight improvement in cognitive performance, quality of life, and functional activities in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Rodrigo-Gonzalo
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Fisioterapia, Recuperación Funcional y Ejercicio Terapéutico del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Méndez-Sánchez
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Fisioterapia, Recuperación Funcional y Ejercicio Terapéutico del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Begoña Ayuda Duran
- Grupo de Investigación de Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Sánchez
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fausto Barbero-Iglesias
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Grupo de Fisioterapia, Recuperación Funcional y Ejercicio Terapéutico del Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Ignacio Recio-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Brosolo G, Da Porto A, Marcante S, Picci A, Capilupi F, Capilupi P, Bertin N, Vivarelli C, Bulfone L, Vacca A, Catena C, Sechi LA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Arterial Hypertension: Is There Any Good News? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9520. [PMID: 37298468 PMCID: PMC10253816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and its derivatives eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are "essential" fatty acids mainly obtained from diet sources comprising plant oils, marine blue fish, and commercially available fish oil supplements. Many epidemiological and retrospective studies suggested that ω-3 PUFA consumption decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but results of early intervention trials have not consistently confirmed this effect. In recent years, some large-scale randomized controlled trials have shed new light on the potential role of ω-3 PUFAs, particularly high-dose EPA-only formulations, in cardiovascular prevention, making them an attractive tool for the treatment of "residual" cardiovascular risk. ω-3 PUFAs' beneficial effects on cardiovascular outcomes go far beyond the reduction in triglyceride levels and are thought to be mediated by their broadly documented "pleiotropic" actions, most of which are directed to vascular protection. A considerable number of clinical studies and meta-analyses suggest the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs in the regulation of blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. These effects occur mostly through regulation of the vascular tone that could be mediated by both endothelium-dependent and independent mechanisms. In this narrative review, we summarize the results of both experimental and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of ω-3 PUFAs on blood pressure, highlighting the mechanisms of their action on the vascular system and their possible impact on hypertension, hypertension-related vascular damage, and, ultimately, cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Brosolo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Da Porto
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcante
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Picci
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Filippo Capilupi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Patrizio Capilupi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Nicole Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Vivarelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Luca Bulfone
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Vacca
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cristiana Catena
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.D.P.); (S.M.); (A.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.); (N.B.); (C.V.); (L.B.); (A.V.); (C.C.)
- European Hypertension Excellence Center, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Clinica Medica, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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10
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The impact of PUFA-enriched yogurt consumption on cardiovascular risk markers: A review. PHARMANUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Effects of camelina oil supplementation on lipid profile and glycemic control: a systematic review and dose‒response meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:132. [PMID: 36476379 PMCID: PMC9727906 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effectiveness of camelina oil supplementation (COS) on lipid profiles and glycemic indices. METHODS Relevant RCTs were selected by searching the ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases up to July 1, 2022. RTCs with an intervention duration of less than 2 weeks, without a placebo group, and those that used COS in combination with another supplement were excluded. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were pooled by applying a random-effects model, while validated methods examined sensitivity analyses, heterogeneity, and publication bias. RESULTS Seven eligible RCTs, including 428 individuals, were selected. The pooled analysis revealed that COS significantly improved total cholesterol in studies lasting more than 8 weeks and utilizing dosages lower than 30 g/d compared to the placebo group. The results of fractional polynomial modeling indicated that there were nonlinear dose-response relations between the dose of COS and absolute mean differences in low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, and total cholesterol, but not triglycerides. It appears that the greatest effect of COS oil occurs at the dosage of 20 g/day. CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis indicates that COS may reduce cardiovascular disease risk by improving lipid profile markers. Based on the results of this study, COS at dosages lower than 30 g/d may be a beneficial nonpharmacological strategy for lipid control. Further RCTs with longer COS durations are warranted to expand on these results.
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12
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Su L, Tong H, Zhang J, Hao M, Fei C, Ji D, Gu W, Bian Z, Mao C, Lu T. Revealing the mechanism of raw and vinegar-processed Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae] regulates primary dysmenorrhea in rats via integrated metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:926291. [PMID: 36176430 PMCID: PMC9513393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.926291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a common disorder among women around the world. Two processed products of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae] (CAS) are traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that have long been used to treat gynecological blood stasis syndrome such as primary dysmenorrhea. The mechanisms and active substances of CAS are still largely unknown. The study aimed to establish a rat model of primary dysmenorrhea which investigates the differences between the pharmacodynamics and mechanisms of raw CAS (RCAS) and vinegar-processed CAS (VCAS). Histopathology, cytokinetics, and metabolomics were adopted to evaluate the anti-blood stasis effect of RCAS and VCAS. In metabolomics, endogenous differential metabolites in plasma, urine, and feces are the essential steps to evaluate the effect of RCAS and VCAS. In this study, the rat model of primary dysmenorrhea was successfully established. After RCAS and VCAS intervention, the uterine tissue morphology of dysmenorrhea model rats was improved, and gland hypertrophy and myometrial hyperplasia were reduced as well as neutrophil content. Compared with the RCAS group, the VCAS group had better uterine morphology, few inflammatory factors, and significantly improved amino acid and lipid metabolism. The aforementioned results support the conclusion that VCAS performed better than RCAS in primary dysmenorrhea and that vinegar processing increases the efficacy of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiuba Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Bian
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Tulin Lu,
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunqin Mao, ; Tulin Lu,
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13
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Zúñiga-Hernández J, Sambra V, Echeverría F, Videla LA, Valenzuela R. N-3 PUFAs and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators on airway inflammatory response: beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. Food Funct 2022; 13:4260-4272. [PMID: 35355027 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases include a wide range of pathologies with different clinical manifestations, affecting the normal airways and lung function. An increase in the inflammatory response is considered a characteristic hallmark of these diseases, being also a critical factor for their progression. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:4n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) and their lipid mediators are known to have an inflammation pro-resolution effect. The effects of these n-3 PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are beginning to be understood. Consequently, this article aims to analyze the influence of n-3 PUFAs and their lipid mediators on the inflammatory response in respiratory health, emphasizing recent data concerning their beneficial effects in the prevention and possible treatment of different respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, airway allergic syndromes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The review includes studies regarding the effects of EPA, DHA, and their specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) on in vivo and in vitro models of respiratory disease, concluding that EPA and DHA have a positive impact in attenuating the pro-inflammatory response in respiratory diseases, reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, fever and difficulty in breathing. Controversial data reported are probably due to differences in several factors, including the dosages, administration vehicles, and the supplementation times employed, which are aspects that remain to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verónica Sambra
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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Liu X, Pan Y, Shen Y, Liu H, Zhao X, Li J, Ma N. Protective Effects of Abrus cantoniensis Hance on the Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens Based on Liver Metabolomics and Gut Microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:862006. [PMID: 35498747 PMCID: PMC9051509 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.862006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a metabolic disease, fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) has become a serious concern in laying hens worldwide. Abrus cantoniensis Hance (AC) is a commonly used plant in traditional medicine for liver disease treatment. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of the decoction of AC (ACD) on FLHS remain unclear. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify the main phytochemicals in ACD. FLHS model of laying hens was induced by a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet, and ACD (0.5, 1, 2 g ACD/hen per day) was given to the hens in drinking water at the same time for 48 days. Biochemical blood indicators and histopathological analysis of the liver were detected and observed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ACD. Moreover, the effects of ACD on liver metabolomics and gut microbiota in laying hens with FLHS were investigated. The results showed that four phytochemicals, including abrine, hypaphorine, vicenin-2, and schaftoside, were identified in ACD. ACD treatment ameliorated biochemical blood indicators in laying hens with FLHS by decreasing aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol, and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, lipid accumulation in the liver and pathological damages were relieved in ACD treatment groups. Moreover, distinct changes in liver metabolic profile after ACD treatment were observed, 17 endogenous liver metabolites mainly associated with the metabolism of arachidonic acid, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were reversed by ACD. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that ACD treatment significantly increased bacterial richness (Chao 1, P < 0.05; Ace, P < 0.01), and upregulated the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and downregulated Proteobacteria, improving the negative effects caused by HELP diet in laying hens. Taken together, ACD had a protective effect on FLHS by regulating blood lipids, reducing liver lipid accumulation, and improving the dysbiosis of liver metabolomics and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yinchuan Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Youming Shen
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Jianyong Li
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Ma
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15
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Das UN. Arachidonic Acid as Mechanotransducer of Renin Cell Baroreceptor. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040749. [PMID: 35215399 PMCID: PMC8874622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For normal maintenance of blood pressure and blood volume a well-balanced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) is necessary. For this purpose, renin is secreted as the situation demands by the juxtaglomerular cells (also called as granular cells) that are in the walls of the afferent arterioles. Juxtaglomerular cells can sense minute changes in the blood pressure and blood volume and accordingly synthesize, store, and secrete appropriate amounts of renin. Thus, when the blood pressure and blood volume are decreased JGA cells synthesize and secrete higher amounts of renin and when the blood pressure and blood volume is increased the synthesis and secretion of renin is decreased such that homeostasis is restored. To decipher this important function, JGA cells (renin cells) need to sense and transmit the extracellular physical forces to their chromatin to control renin gene expression for appropriate renin synthesis. The changes in perfusion pressure are sensed by Integrin β1 that is transmitted to the renin cell’s nucleus via lamin A/C that produces changes in the architecture of the chromatin. This results in an alteration (either increase or decrease) in renin gene expression. Cell membrane is situated in an unique location since all stimuli need to be transmitted to the cell nucleus and messages from the DNA to the cell external environment can be conveyed only through it. This implies that cell membrane structure and integrity is essential for all cellular functions. Cell membrane is composed to proteins and lipids. The lipid components of the cell membrane regulate its (cell membrane) fluidity and the way the messages are transmitted between the cell and its environment. Of all the lipids present in the membrane, arachidonic acid (AA) forms an important constituent. In response to pressure and other stimuli, cellular and nuclear shape changes occur that render nucleus to act as an elastic mechanotransducer that produces not only changes in cell shape but also in its dynamic behavior. Cell shape changes in response to external pressure(s) result(s) in the activation of cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase 2)-AA pathway that stretches to recruit myosin II which produces actin-myosin cytoskeleton contractility. Released AA can undergo peroxidation and peroxidized AA binds to DNA to regulate the expression of several genes. Alterations in the perfusion pressure in the afferent arterioles produces parallel changes in the renin cell membrane leading to changes in renin release. AA and its metabolic products regulate not only the release of renin but also changes in the vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression in renal sensory nerves. Thus, AA and its metabolites function as intermediate/mediator molecules in transducing changes in perfusion and mechanical pressures that involves nuclear mechanotransduction mechanism. This mechanotransducer function of AA has relevance to the synthesis and release of insulin, neurotransmitters, and other soluble mediators release by specialized and non-specialized cells. Thus, AA plays a critical role in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, sepsis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5th St., Battle Ground, WA 98604, USA
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16
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Involvement of Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Development of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031308. [PMID: 35163232 PMCID: PMC8835729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the advances of modern medicine, atherosclerosis continues to be one of the most important medical and social problems. Atherosclerosis is the cause of several cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. The development of atherosclerosis is associated with the accumulation of lipids in the arterial intima and the disruption of mechanisms that maintain the balance between the development and resolution of inflammation. Fatty acids are involved in many mechanisms of inflammation development and maintenance. Endothelial cells demonstrate multiple cross-linkages between lipid metabolism and innate immunity. In addition, these processes are linked to hemodynamics and the function of other cells in the vascular wall, highlighting the central role of the endothelium in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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17
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Lipid Profile, Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Activity, and Computational Molecular Docking of Diatom Fatty Acids as ACE Inhibitors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020186. [PMID: 35204069 PMCID: PMC8868434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms, as single cell eukaryotic microalgae, are rich sources of lipids, which have either beneficial or detrimental effects on the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified diatom lipids with high levels of essential fatty acids (EFAs), especially polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) containing both omega-3 and omega-6. Nutritional values of FAs indicated possible applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food industries. Diatom FAs showed antioxidative potential on harmful radicals by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging, with high inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that causes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension. A computational molecular docking simulation confirmed the inhibition mechanisms of FAs on ACE, with comparable levels of binding free energy to chemically synthesized ACE drugs. Findings suggested that diatom lipids showed potential for use as alternative ACE inhibitors or food supplement for CVD prevention.
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18
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Mao CQ, Lu TL, Hao M, Zhao MT, Tong HJ, Ji D, Li L, Su LL, Gu W. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based bile and urine metabonomics study on the ameliorative effects of Curcuma wenyujin rhizoma on acute blood stasis in rats. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.336836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Mao CQ, Lu TL, Hao M, Zhao MT, Tong HJ, Ji D, Li L, Su LL, Gu W. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based bile and urine metabonomics study on the ameliorative effects of Curcuma wenyujin rhizoma on acute blood stasis in rats. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_55_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Essential Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Inflammation and Its Resolution. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121873. [PMID: 34944517 PMCID: PMC8699107 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism is critical in the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4/D4/E4 (LTB4/LD4/LTE4), derived from AA, are involved in the initiation of inflammation and regulation of immune response, hematopoiesis, and M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophage facilitation. Paradoxically, PGE2 suppresses interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and triggers the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) from AA to initiate inflammation resolution process and augment regeneration of tissues. LXA4 suppresses PGE2 and LTs' synthesis and action and facilitates M2 macrophage generation to resolve inflammation. AA inactivates enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Macrophages, NK cells, T cells, and other immunocytes release AA and other bioactive lipids to produce their anti-microbial actions. AA, PGE2, and LXA4 have cytoprotective actions, regulate nitric oxide generation, and are critical to maintain cell shape and control cell motility and phagocytosis, and inflammation, immunity, and anti-microbial actions. Hence, it is proposed that AA plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury, sepsis, COVID-19, and other critical illnesses, implying that its (AA) administration may be of significant benefit in the prevention and amelioration of these diseases.
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21
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Jo YJ, Lee JS. Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1700-1706. [PMID: 34804859 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dietary supplement of high dose DHA omega-3 in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). METHODS Prospective randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in mild to moderate dry eye patients with MGD. Patients have no history of taking any dietary omega-3 supplements before 3mo. Patients were divided into two groups: 24 patients in the omega-3 group and 26 patients in the placebo group. The omega-3 group received two capsules of Easyeye Dry®, total containing 600 mg of EPA and 1640 mg of DHA, while the placebo group received two capsules containing 3000 mg of olive oil. All patients take two pills once a day. The examination of MGD scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining test (NEI), strip meniscometry (SM tube), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were performed at baseline, after 4 and 8wk. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups, such as age, sex, and other ocular examination findings. The TBUT, NEI, and OSDI scores significantly improved after 4 and 8wk in both groups. While after 8wk TBUT (6.00±1.62s vs 5.08±1.28s, P=0.034) and MGD score (7.2±1.8 vs 8.1±2.6, P=0.033) in the omega-3 group was more significantly improved than that of the placebo group. CONCLUSION Dry eye with the MGD patient, a high dose of DHA omega-3 dietary supplement can improve TBUT and MGD score after 8wk, effective in stabilizing the tear film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine&Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University School of Medicine&Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea
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22
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Revskij D, Haubold S, Plinski C, Viergutz T, Tuchscherer A, Kröger-Koch C, Albrecht E, Günther J, Tröscher A, Hammon HM, Schuberth HJ, Mielenz M. Cellular detection of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in bovine mammary glands and its distribution and regulation on bovine leukocytes. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:866-876. [PMID: 34763920 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis has a high incidence in dairy cows. Experimental infection with Escherichia coli increased the number of leukocytes in milk and the gene expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in mammary gland tissues. A link between CXCR4 expression and lipopolysaccharide sensing was demonstrated in other species using in vitro models. The receptor that binds the chemokine stomal cell-derived factor 1 might be associated with the inflammatory response in bovine mammary glands. However, studies in cows are rare, and data on the localization of CXCR4 in bovine mammary glands and its distribution in bovine leukocytes are lacking. Fatty acids (FA) affect the inflammatory response. In human peripheral blood monocytes, exposure to conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) decreases the expression of CXCR4, leading to a decreased inflammatory response in these cells. In this study, we analyzed the expression of CXCR4 in the mammary glands of dairy cows by immunohistochemistry (n = 5) and laser capture microdissection followed by qualitative PCR (n = 3). We characterized the surface expression of CXCR4 on bovine leukocytes, including monocyte subpopulations, first by flow cytometry (n = 5) and then confirmed these results by Western blotting (n = 3). Rumen fistulated dairy cows (n = 4; 126 ± 4 d in milk) were fitted with abomasal infusion tubes, arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, and supplemented for 6 wk twice daily with rising doses of FA followed by a 3-wk washout period. Then, CXCR4 expression on leukocytes was analyzed. The cows received a corn-based diet and were supplemented with coconut oil delivering medium-chain FA (38 g/d), linseed-safflower oil mix delivering n-3 FA (EFA, 39 g of linseed oil and 2 g of safflower oil per day), Lutalin (cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA, 5 g/d; BASF), and EFA + CLA. In the bovine mammary gland, the epithelial cells of the lactiferous duct, but not alveolar epithelial cells, showed clear CXCR4 protein and mRNA signals. Among the leukocyte subsets, monocytes displayed the highest percentage of CXCR4-positive cells (87%), whereas circulating neutrophils showed almost no CXCR4 surface expression (3%) but stored the receptor intracellularly. The percentage of CXCR4-positive leukocytes was not affected by the different FA supplements, but FA supplementation reduced the receptor abundance per cell (40% on average). In conclusion, CXCR4 was clearly detected in the lactiferous duct cells of the mammary gland but not in the alveolar epithelial cells. Compared with other leukocytes, bovine monocytes showed the highest signal intensity of CXCR4 on their surface, whereas granulocytes stored CXCR4 intracellularly. Supplementation with all the FA reduced the surface expression of CXCR4 per leukocyte and could therefore potentially affect the inflammatory status associated with the surface expression of CXCR4. The importance of our observations should be verified in cows with mastitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Revskij
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Haubold
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christian Plinski
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Kröger-Koch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Juliane Günther
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | | | - Harald M Hammon
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Mielenz
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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23
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Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103483. [PMID: 34684484 PMCID: PMC8540093 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise
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González-Álvarez H, Bravo-Jiménez A, Martínez-Arellanes M, Gamboa-Osorio GO, Chávez-Gutiérrez E, González-Hernández LA, Gallardo-Ignacio K, Quintana-Romero OJ, Ariza-Castolo A, Guerra-Araiza C, Martino-Roaro L, Meneses-Ruiz DM, Pinto-Almazán R, Loza-Mejía MA. In Silico-Based Design and In Vivo Evaluation of an Anthranilic Acid Derivative as a Multitarget Drug in a Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:914. [PMID: 34577613 PMCID: PMC8466046 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease that affects almost a quarter of the world's adult population. In MetS, diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure are the most common disorders. Polypharmacy is the most used strategy for managing conditions related to MetS, but it has drawbacks such as low medication adherence. Multitarget ligands have been proposed as an interesting approach to developing drugs to treat complex diseases. However, suitable preclinical models that allow their evaluation in a context closer to a clinical situation of a complex disease are needed. From molecular docking studies, compound 1b, a 5-aminoanthranilic acid derivative substituted with 4'-trifluoromethylbenzylamino and 3',4'-dimethoxybenzamide moieties, was identified as a potential multitarget drug, as it showed high in silico affinity against targets related to MetS, including PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and HMG-CoA reductase. It was evaluated in a diet-induced MetS rat model and simultaneously lowered blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels after a 14-day treatment. No toxicity events were observed during an acute lethal dose evaluation test at 1500 mg/kg. Hence, the diet-induced MetS model is suitable for evaluating treatments for MetS, and compound 1b is an attractive starting point for developing multitarget drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-Álvarez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Astrid Bravo-Jiménez
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Matilda Martínez-Arellanes
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Gabriela Odette Gamboa-Osorio
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
| | - Edwin Chávez-Gutiérrez
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Lino A. González-Hernández
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Karina Gallardo-Ignacio
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Osvaldo J. Quintana-Romero
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (O.J.Q.-R.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (O.J.Q.-R.); (A.A.-C.)
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Medical Research Unit in Pharmacology, Specialities Hospital Bernardo Sepúlveda, National Medical Center XXI Century, Social Security Mexican Institute (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Laura Martino-Roaro
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
- Incarnate Word University Center, Tlacoquemecatl 433, Mexico City 03100, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Meneses-Ruiz
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Group, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico;
| | - Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán
- Molecular Biology in Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Research Unit, High Speciality Regional Hospital of Ixtapaluca (HRAEI), Carretera Federal México-Puebla Km 34.5, Ixtapaluca 56530, Mexico; (E.C.-G.); (L.A.G.-H.); (K.G.-I.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Design, Isolation, and Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Chemical Sciences School, Universidad La Salle-México, Benjamín Franklin 45, Mexico City 06140, Mexico; (H.G.-Á.); (A.B.-J.); (M.M.-A.); (G.O.G.-O.); (L.M.-R.)
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Lopes CMC, Hime LDFCDC, Baracat EC, Soares-Júnior JM. The influence of essential fatty acids on the female health. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:1209-1212. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2021edt679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Yang J, Cánovas-Márquez JT, Li P, Li S, Niu J, Wang X, Nazir Y, López-García S, Garre V, Song Y. Deletion of Plasma Membrane Malate Transporters Increased Lipid Accumulation in the Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9632-9641. [PMID: 34428900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Malate as an important intermediate metabolite, its subcellular location, and concentration have a significant impact on fungal lipid metabolism. Previous studies showed that the mitochondrial malate transporter plays an important role in lipid accumulation in Mucor circinelloides by manipulating intracellular malate concentration. However, the role of plasma membrane malate transporters in oleaginous fungi remains unexplored. Therefore, in this work, two plasma membrane malate transporters "2-oxoglutarate:malate antiporters" (named SoDIT-a and SoDIT-b) of M. circinelloides WJ11 were deleted, and the consequences in growth capacity, lipid accumulation, and metabolism were analyzed. The results showed that deletion of sodit-a or/and sodit-b reduced the extracellular malate, confirming that the products of both genes participate in malate transportation. In parallel, the lipid contents in mutants increased approximately 10-40% higher than that in the control strain, suggesting that the defect in plasma membrane malate transport results in an increase of malate available for lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis showed that the expression levels of multiple key genes involved in the lipid biosynthesis were also increased in the knockout mutants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrated the association between plasma membrane malate transporters and lipid accumulation in M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuan Yang
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - José T Cánovas-Márquez
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqi Li
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Niu
- Guangdong Zhengbang Ecological Breeding Co. Ltd, Yingde 513000 Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Wang
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600 UKM, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sergio López-García
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology (Associated Unit to IQFR-CSIC), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia 3100, Spain
| | - Yuanda Song
- Department of Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000 Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Meng J, Ma N, Liu H, Liu J, Liu J, Wang J, He X, Zhao X. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics profiling reveals the underlying pathogenesis and abnormal arachidonic acid metabolism in laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101320. [PMID: 34274572 PMCID: PMC8319003 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a metabolic disease, fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) has become the major factor responsible for the noninfectious cause of mortality in laying hens, which lead to huge economic losses to poultry industry. However, the pathogenesis of FLHS remains unclear. The aim of present study was to identify novel liver metabolites associated with FLHS. Twenty healthy Chinese commercial Jing Fen laying hens aged 90 d were used in present study. After acclimatization for 2 wk, the hens were divided into 2 treatments (n = 10): control group (normal diet) and FLHS group (high-energy low-protein diet). The experiment lasted for 48 d, and the laying hens were killed for blood and liver sampling at the end of the experiment. Blood biochemical indicators and liver pathological changes were examined. Meanwhile, the changes in liver metabolic profile were investigated with the application of metabolomics approach. Significant increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides, decreased high density lipoprotein (P < 0.01), and hepatic steatosis were observed in hens of FLHS group, which suggested FLHS was successfully established in this study. Distinct changes in metabolite patterns in liver between control and FLHS group were observed by partial least-squares discriminant analysis. In total, 42 liver metabolites including tyrosine, glutathione, carnitine, linoleic acid, uric acid, arachidonic acid (ARA), lactate and lysophosphatidylcholine (14: 0) were identified and considered to be related with pathogenesis of FLHS. Pathway analysis revealed that these metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, ARA metabolism, glucose metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, targeted metabolomics found that ARA metabolites such as prostaglandins and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids were significantly increased in FLHS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data showed that liver metabolites and ARA metabolism were linked to the pathophysiology of FLHS, which provided a basis for understanding the pathogenesis of FLHS in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Xinghua Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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28
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Erdinest N, London N, Ovadia H, Levinger N. Nitric Oxide Interaction with the Eye. Vision (Basel) 2021; 5:29. [PMID: 34207828 PMCID: PMC8293394 DOI: 10.3390/vision5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is acknowledged as a vital intercellular messenger in multiple systems in the body. Medicine has focused on its functions and therapeutic applications for decades, especially in cardiovascular and nervous systems, and its role in immunological responses. This review was composed to demonstrate the prevalence of NO in components of the ocular system, including corneal cells and multiple cells in the retina. It discussed NO's assistance during the immune, inflammation and wound-healing processes. NO is identified as a vascular endothelial relaxant that can alter the choroidal blood flow and prompt or suppress vascular changes in age-related macular degeneration and diabetes, as well as the blood supply to the optic nerve, possibly influencing the progression of glaucoma. It will provide a deeper understanding of the role of NO in ocular homeostasis, the delicate balance between overproduction or underproduction and the effect on the processes from aqueous outflow and subsequent intraocular pressure to axial elongation and the development of myopia. This review also recognized the research and investigation of therapies being developed to target the NO complex and treat various ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.E.); (N.L.)
| | | | - Haim Ovadia
- Agnes Ginges, Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Nadav Levinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (N.E.); (N.L.)
- Enaim Refractive Surgery Center, Jerusalem 9438307, Israel
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29
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Chen Y, Li W. Prevalence, Influencing Factors, and Cognitive Characteristics of Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:3645-3654. [PMID: 34934317 PMCID: PMC8684420 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s341297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence, influencing factors, and cognitive characteristics of depressive symptoms in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 241 elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia and 156 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depressive symptoms; the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptoms; and both the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were used to assess overall cognitive function, while the Activity of Daily Living Scale was used to assess daily living ability. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 48.5% (117/241) in elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia, which was substantially higher than that of normal controls (17.3%, 27/156). Using a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, we found that high education (p=0.006, odds ratio [OR]=1.122, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.034-1.218) and hypertension (p=0.019, OR=0.519, 95% CI: 0.300-0.898) were influencing factors for the comorbidity of depressive symptoms. Compared with individuals without depressive symptoms, individuals with depressive symptoms usually display worse overall cognitive function and more severe impairment of activities of daily living, but fewer psychotic symptoms. Interestingly, the GDS score was negatively correlated with the course of the disease (r=-0.157, p=0.016), suggesting that patients who had recently been admitted to the hospital were more likely to develop depression. CONCLUSION Elderly patients with chronic schizophrenia are often associated with higher levels of depression. Therefore, their overall cognitive function is worse, and their activities of daily living are more seriously impaired. Therefore, these patients should be provided with appropriate psychological comfort, especially those who have recently been admitted to the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopian Chen
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Nutrients, Genetic Factors, and Their Interaction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228761. [PMID: 33228237 PMCID: PMC7699550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries and expose patients to increased risk of hepatic and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Both environmental factors and genetic predisposition contribute to the risk. An inappropriate diet, rich in refined carbohydrates, especially fructose, and saturated fats, and poor in fibers, polyunsaturated fats, and vitamins is one of the main key factors, as well as the polymorphism of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3 gene) for NAFLD and the apolipoproteins and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family for the cardiovascular damage. Beyond genetic influence, also epigenetics modifications are responsible for various clinical manifestations of both hepatic and CV disease. Interestingly, data are accumulating on the interplay between diet and genetic and epigenetic modifications, modulating pathogenetic pathways in NAFLD and CV disease. We report the main evidence from literature on the influence of both macro and micronutrients in NAFLD and CV damage and the role of genetics either alone or combined with diet in increasing the risk of developing both diseases. Understanding the interaction between metabolic alterations, genetics and diet are essential to treat the diseases and tailoring nutritional therapy to control NAFLD and CV risk.
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31
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Wang YQ, Li SJ, Man YH, Zhuang G. Serum metabonomics coupled with HPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS and multivariate data analysis on the ameliorative effects of Bidens bipinnata L. in hyperlipidemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113196. [PMID: 32730873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperlipidemia (HLP) is a prevalence chronic cardiovascular disease, which is treated by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. More and more attention has been paid to the application of metabolomics in the study of TCM. Bidens bipinnata L. (BBL), a folk medicine in contemporary China, has the efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. However, little is known of the underlying mechanism of BBL. This research aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of BBL on hyperlipidemic rats and explore the mechanism by metabolomics method. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hyperlipidemic rats were established by high fat diet (HFD). Biochemical assay was used to evaluate the efficacy of BBL. A metabolomics approach based on high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ/orbitrap MS) was performed to analyze the serum biomarkers from model group, control group and BBL group. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) were utilized to identify differences of metabolic profiles in rats among the three groups. In order to identify possible pathways that were affected by HLP, the identified endogenous metabolites were analyzed by using MetaboAnalyst. In the network pharmacology study, our research group found that PPAR signaling pathway was the most important pathway of BBL in the treatment of HLP. Then, it was found that changes in the major metabolic pathways would affect the PPAR signaling pathway through comprehensive analysis based on KEGG database. Therefore, the expression of key genes in the PPAR signaling pathway was detected by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Six metabolites, which showed a significantly restoring trend from HLP to normal condition, were regarded as potential biomarkers of BBL treatment. The levels of phosphorylcholine, mevalonic acid and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) increased significantly (P < 0.01) in hyperlipidemic rats, while the levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0) (Lyso PC (18:0)) decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in comparison with control rats. Those endogenous metabolites were chiefly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, AA metabolism and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. According to the results of RT-qPCR analysis, the mRNA expressions of PPAR α, PPAR β and PPARγ in model group were difference compared with control group. And the expression difference could be regulated closer to normal level after BBL intervention. CONCLUSIONS The results of biochemical assay, serum metabolic pattern and RT-qPCR analysis showed that BBL could exert a significant improvement on lipid levels, liver function, renal function, as well as the mRNA expression level of PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, China.
| | - Shu-Jiao Li
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Yong-Hong Man
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, China
| | - Guo Zhuang
- Center of Scientific Research, Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang, 473061, China
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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33
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Hammouda S, Ghzaiel I, Khamlaoui W, Hammami S, Mhenni SY, Samet S, Hammami M, Zarrouk A. Genetic variants in FADS1 and ELOVL2 increase level of arachidonic acid and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the Tunisian population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 160:102159. [PMID: 32682282 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are closely related to various physiological conditions. In several age-related diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD) altered PUFAs metabolism has been reported. However, the mechanism behind PUFAs impairment and AD developpement remains unclear. In humans, PUFAs biosynthesis requires delta-5 desaturase (D5D), delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and elongase 2 activities; which are encoded by fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), and elongation of very-long-chain fatty acids-like 2 (ELOVL2) genes, respectively. In the present work, we aim to assess whether genetic variants in FADS1, FADS2 and ELOVL2 genes influence plasma and erythrocyte PUFA composition and AD risk. A case-control study was carried out in 113 AD patients and 161 healthy controls.Rs174556, rs174617, and rs3756963 of FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL2 genes, respectively were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. PUFA levels were quantified using Gas Chromatography. Genotype distributions of rs174556 (FADS1) and rs3756963 (ELOVL2) were different between case and control groups. The genotype TT of rs174556 and rs3756963 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) increases significantly the risk of AD in our population. PUFA analysis showed higher plasma and erythrocyte arachidonic acid (AA) level in patients with AD, whereas only plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was significantly decreased in AD patients. The indexes AA/Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and C24:4n-6/Adrenic acid (AdA) were both higher in the AD group. Interestingly, patients with TT genotype of rs174556 presented higher AA level and AA/DGLA index in both plasma and erythrocyte. In addition, higher AA and AA/DGLA index were observed in erythrocyte of TT genotype ofrs3756963 carrier's patients. Along with, positive correlation between AA/DGLA index, age or Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA)/ Linoleic acid (LA) index was seen in erythrocyte and /or plasma of AD patients. After adjustment for confounding factors, the genotype TT of rs174556, erythrocyte AA and AA/DGLA index were found to be predictive risk factors for AD while plasma DHA was found associated with lower AD risk. Both rs174556 and rs3756963 influence AD risk in the Tunisian population and they are likely associated with high AA level. The combination of the two variants increases further the susceptibility to AD. We suggest that FADS1 and ELOVL2 variants could likely regulate the efficiency of AA biosynthesis which could be at the origin of inflammatory derivate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souha Hammouda
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wided Khamlaoui
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Internal Medicine Bourguiba Monastir, Geriatric unit, Monastir Tunisia
| | | | - Slim Samet
- Department of neurology, Regional hospital of Kairouan. Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Health' Faculty of Medicine Monastir, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Sousse. Tunisia.
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Eslami O, Zarei M, Shidfar F. The association of dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness: A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1442-1451. [PMID: 32513576 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In comparison to the traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, little is known about the interaction between diet and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The present systematic review aimed to provide comprehensive evidence regarding the relationship between the dietary patterns (DPs) with CRF in both children and adults. DATA SYNTHESIS Databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception up to December 2019. All observational studies that had extracted DPs using a posteriori and/or a priori methods, as well as had assessed CRF as the outcome, were eligible for inclusion in the review. Eleven studies (1 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional studies) comprising a total of 198,271 subjects were included. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies in terms of the extracted DPs, their food items as well as the statistical reporting outcomes; which all made comparisons between the studies difficult. Despite some inconsistent results, overall there was a positive association between the DPs that were highly loaded with fruits and vegetables, as well as closer adherence to the high-quality diets particularly the Mediterranean diet, with higher values of CRF. While, an inverse association was found for unhealthy DPs that were generally characterized by a high intake of refined grains, sweets, meats, processed foods, and high-fat dairy products. CONCLUSION Overall, the evidence indicates the high-quality diets that are highlighted in the national dietary guidelines are associated with an optimal CRF. However, these findings should be confirmed by rigorous prospective and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Quin C, Vollman DM, Ghosh S, Haskey N, Estaki M, Pither J, Barnett JA, Jay MN, Birnie BW, Gibson DL. Fish oil supplementation reduces maternal defensive inflammation and predicts a gut bacteriome with reduced immune priming capacity in infants. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2090-2104. [PMID: 32398661 PMCID: PMC7368083 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Habitual supplementation of fish oil is thought to provide benefits to the developing infant; however, the effects on infant microbial establishment and immune development are unknown. A 6-month observational cohort study was conducted where 47 out of 91 women self-administered dietary fish oil during breastfeeding. Infant stool and mothers' breast milk were collected each month over 6 months. Gas chromatography was used to quantify breast milk fatty acids and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the infant fecal microbiota. Immune markers and parent-reported questionnaires were used to assess infant immunity and health up to 2 years. Our results reveal that fish oil supplementation decreased secretory immunoglobulin A and increased IL-10 production in lactating women along with increased breast milk eicosapentaenoic acid, and this corresponded to increased abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in their infants. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in breast milk aligned with decreases in infant gut bacterial richness and the predicted bacterial phenotypes suggested that fish oil lowers commensal traits involved in pathogen colonization resistance. Despite this, there were no differences in sickness incidence in toddlers. This study revealed that fish oil associates with decreases in breast milk defensive inflammatory responses and corresponds with infant fecal microbiota with anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna M Vollman
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Pither
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael N Jay
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Blake W Birnie
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Yue H, Qiu B, Jia M, Liu W, Guo XF, Li N, Xu ZX, Du FL, Xu T, Li D. Effects of α-linolenic acid intake on blood lipid profiles:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2894-2910. [PMID: 32643951 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1790496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of ALA intake on blood lipid profiles, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and ratio of TC to HDL-C. We systematically searched randomized controlled trials of ALA intervention on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and related references up to March 2018. The final values were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) by using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Generalized least square was performed for dose-response analysis. Forty-seven studies with 1305 individuals in the ALA arm and 1325 individuals in the control arm were identified. Compared with control group, dietary intake of ALA significantly reduced the concentrations of TG (WMD -0.101 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.158 to -0.044 mmol/L; P = 0.001), TC (WMD -0.140 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.224 to -0.056 mmol/L; P = 0.001), LDL-C (WMD -0.131 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.191 to -0.071 mmol/L; P < 0.001), VLDL-C (WMD -0.121 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.170 to -0.073 mmol/L; P < 0.001), TC/HDL-C ratio (WMD -0.165 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.317 to -0.013 mmol/L; P = 0.033) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (WMD -0.158 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.291 to -0.025 mmol/L; P = 0.02). There is no effect of ALA intake on HDL-C (WMD 0.008 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.018 to 0.034 mmol/L; P = 0.541). Dose-response analysis indicated that 1 g per day increment of ALA was associated with a 0.0016 mmol/L, 0.0071 mmol/L, 0.0015 and 0.0061 mmol/L reduction in TG (95% CI: -0.0029 to -0.0002 mmol/L), TC (95% CI: -0.0085 to -0.0058 mmol/L), HDL-C (95% CI: -0.0020 to -0.0011 mmol/L) and LDL-C (95% CI: -0.0073 to -0.0049 mmol/L) levels, respectively. The effects of ALA intake on TG, TC and LDL-C concentrations were more obvious among Asian participants, and also more obvious on patients with hyperlipidemia or hyperglycemia compared to healthy individuals. Dietary ALA intervention improves blood lipid profiles by decreasing levels of TG, TC, LDL and VLDL-C. Our findings add to the evidence that increasing ALA intake could potentially prevent risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fang-Ling Du
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Tongcheng Xu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Food for Special Medical Purpose Engineering Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol targets as assessed by different methods in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: an analysis from the HELLAS-FH registry. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:114. [PMID: 32466791 PMCID: PMC7257219 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. FH patients often have increased lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels, which further increase CVD risk. Novel methods for accurately calculating LDL-C have been proposed. Methods Patients with FH were recruited by a network of Greek sites participating in the HELLAS-FH registry. LDL-C levels were calculated using the Friedewald (LDL-CF) and the Martin/Hopkins (LDL-CM/H) equations as well as after correcting LDL-CM/H for Lp(a) levels [LDL-CLp(a)corM/H]. The objective was to compare LDL-C levels and target achievement as estimated by different methods in FH patients. Results This analysis included 1620 patients (1423 adults and 197 children). In adults at diagnosis, LDL-CF and LDL-CM/H levels were similar [235 ± 70 mg/dL (6.1 ± 1.8 mmol/L) vs 235 ± 69 mg/dL (6.1 ± 1.8 mmol/L), respectively; P = NS], while LDL-CLp(a)corM/H levels were non-significantly lower than LDL-CF [211 ± 61 mg/dL (5.5 ± 1.6 mmol/L); P = 0.432]. In treated adults (n = 966) both LDL-CF [150 ± 71 mg/dL (3.9 ± 1.8 mmol/L)] and LDL-CM/H levels [151 ± 70 mg/dL (6.1 ± 1.8 mmol/L); P = 0.746] were similar, whereas LDL-CLp(a)corM/H levels were significantly lower than LDL-CF [121 ± 62 mg/dL (3.1 ± 1.6 mmol/L); P < 0.001]. Target achievement as per latest guidelines in treated patients using the LDL-CM/H (2.5%) and especially LDL-CLp(a)corM/H methods (10.7%) were significantly different than LDL-CF (2.9%; P < 0.001). In children, all 3 formulas resulted in similar LDL-C levels, both at diagnosis and in treated patients. However, target achievement by LDL-CF was lower compared with LDL-CM/H and LDL-CLp(a)corM/H methods (22.1 vs 24.8 vs 33.3%; P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Conclusion LDL-CLp(a)corM/H results in significantly lower values and higher target achievement rate in both treated adults and children. If validated in clinical trials, LDL-CLp(a)corM/H may become the method of choice to more accurately estimate ‘true’ LDL-C levels in FH patients.
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Ok F, Kaplan HM, Kizilgok B, Demir E. Protective effect of Alpha-Linolenic acid on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Orchitis in mice. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13667. [PMID: 32453444 DOI: 10.1111/and.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory effects. One specific PUFA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), shows both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In the testes, inflammatory mediators are known to increase when orchitis is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study aimed to determine whether the anti-inflammatory properties of ALA could have a protective effect against LPS-induced orchitis in mice. The mice were divided into untreated control, orchitis and ALA-treated orchitis groups. Orchitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The ALA-treated group was administered ALA by gavage three days before intraperitoneal LPS injection. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enzymes and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the testes, as well as serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. LPS administration increased the expression of several inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB, as well as the COX-2, cPLA2 and iNOS enzymes. ALA administration significantly prevented the LPS-induced increases in these inflammatory mediators and enzymes (p < .05). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ALA may make it a useful candidate for the treatment of orchitis caused by bacterial LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fesih Ok
- Urology Department, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Halil Mahir Kaplan
- Pharmacology Department, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Erkan Demir
- Urology Department, Cukurova University Medical Faculty, Adana, Turkey
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Commentary on Zhao et al Manuscript Entitled: "Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies": Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 74:508-510. [PMID: 31815865 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Q, Fan X, Ye R, Hu Y, Zheng T, Shi R, Cheng W, Lv X, Chen L, Liang P. The Effect of Simvastatin on Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:522. [PMID: 32410994 PMCID: PMC7201051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin (SIM) on lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The obtained results revealed that feeding rats with SIM (20 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased serum lipid level and inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Histological analysis further indicated that SIM reduced lipid deposition in adipocytes and hepatocytes in comparison with that of the HFD group. The underlying mechanisms of SIM administration against HFD-induced hyperlipidemia were also studied by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based liver metabonomics coupled with pathway analysis. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of liver metabolites with significant difference in abundance indicated that fatty acids metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the main metabolic pathways altered by SIM administration. Meanwhile, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) analysis revealed that oral administration of SIM altered the composition of gut microbiota, including Ruminococcaceae (OTU960) and Lactobacillus (OTU152), and so on. Furthermore, SIM treatment also regulated the mRNA levels of the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of the liver-related proteins (CD36, CYP7A1 and SREBP-1C) showed that oral administration of SIM could regulate the levels of the protein expression related to hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Ye
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuzhong Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Shi
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xucong Lv
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijiao Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Liang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Almeida CDGD, Viana EC, Moreira AVB, Miguel GPS, Pedra FSG, Oliveira FE, Quimquim TN, Bissoli NS, Alves RDM, Bressan J. The fatty acid profile of adipose tissue as a predictor of the ponderal and inflammatory response in adult women six years after bariatric surgery. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:45. [PMID: 32178673 PMCID: PMC7077013 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01229-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue is involved in several metabolic changes. This study investigated the association between the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue pre-surgery and the postsurgical response regarding the evolution of weight and concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adult women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 14) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 19) at one (T1), three (T3) and six (T6) years after surgery. Methods Blood samples were collected to obtain plasma for the measurement of IL-6 and TNF. Anthropometric measurements were performed, collecting samples of VAT and SAT during surgery to assess the FA profiles. Results Weight loss had a positive correlation with the percentage of VAT-C17:0 (T1, T3) and SAT-C18:2 (T1, T3, T6), and it had a negative correlation with SAT-C22:0 (T1, T3) and VAT-C22:0 (T3). Regarding the inflammatory response, SAT-C14:0 (T6), VAT-C14:0 (T6), SAT-C14:1 (baseline), SAT-C15:0 (T6), SAT-C16:1 (T6), VAT-C16:1 (baseline), SAT-C17:1 (T6), VAT-C17:1 (baseline), VAT-C18:1 (T6), and VAT-C20:1 (T6) exhibited positive correlations with the concentration of IL-6, which were different from the correlations of IL-6 concentrations with SAT-C18:2, VAT-C18:2 (T6), and VAT-C18:3 (T6). The FA SAT-C18:0 (T1) was negatively correlated with TNF concentrations. Conclusions Saturated FAs were predominantly proinflammatory, primarily in the late postoperative period. Alternately, the polyunsaturated FAs exhibited anti-inflammatory potential and predicted weight loss. Thus, the FA profile of the adipose tissue of obese adult women may be a predictor of the ponderal and inflammatory response 6 years after bariatric surgery. Trial registration This study was approved by the ethics committee of Federal University of Viçosa; Registration n. 17287913.2.0000.5153; Date: 07/05/2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041332. [PMID: 32092918 PMCID: PMC7068541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-restricted diets have become very popular due to their numerous health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 4 weeks of a well-planned, low-energy moderate-carbohydrate diet (MCD) and a low-energy mixed diet (MixD) on the lipoprotein profile, glucose and C-reactive protein concentrations, body mass, and body composition in middle-aged males. Sixty middle-aged males were randomly assigned to the following groups: hypocaloric MCD (32% carbohydrates, 28% proteins, and 40% fat), hypocaloric MixD (50% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, and 30% fat), and a conventional (control) diet (CD; 48% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, and 37% fat). The participants who were classified into the MCD and MixD groups consumed 20% fewer calories daily than the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Baseline and postintervention fasting triacylglycerol (TG), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (tCh), glucose (Gl), and C-reactive protein were evaluated. Body mass (BM) and body composition changes, including body fat (BF), % body fat (PBF), and muscle mass (MM), were monitored. Compared with MixD and CD, MCD significantly changed the fasting serum concentrations of TG (p < 0.05), HDL-C (p < 0.05), LDL-C (p < 0.05), tCh (p < 0.05), and glucose (p < 0.01). Additionally, body fat content (kg and %) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after MCD compared with MixD and CD. After the MixD intervention, BM and MM decreased (p < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Compared with baseline, after the MixD, BM, MM, tCh, LDL-C, and TG changed significantly. The 4 week low-energy MCD intervention changed lipoproteins, glucose, and body fat to a greater extent than the low-energy MixD. A hypocaloric MCD may be suggested for middle-aged male subjects who want to lose weight by reducing body fat content without compromising muscle mass.
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Zhu X, Wang B, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhu J, Zou Y, Li J. Alpha-linolenic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104077. [PMID: 32084579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an important component of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. To date, the effects of ALA on acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of ALA on LPS-induced ALI and the underpinning mechanisms. An animal model of ALI was established via intratracheally injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg). We found that lung wet/dry weight ratio and protein concentration in Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were dramatically decreased by ALA pretreatment. Treatment with ALA significantly alleviated the infiltration of total cells and neutrophils, while increased the number of the macrophages. ALA significantly inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine. Moreover, we found that the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were highly increased in LPS-induced ALI, while the activities of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased, which were reversed by ALA. ALA attenuated LPS-induced histopathological changes and apoptosis. Furthermore, ALA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB (p65) activation in ALI. ALA showed anti-inflammatory effects in mice with LPS-induced ALI. NF-κB pathway may be involved in ALA mediated protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Jiali Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Yun Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
| | - Jinbao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 950th Hospital of CPLA Ground Force, Yecheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 844900, China.
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Śpitalniak-Bajerska K, Szumny A, Pogoda-Sewerniak K, Kupczyński R. Effects of n-3 fatty acids on growth, antioxidant status, and immunity of preweaned dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2864-2876. [PMID: 31954570 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the influences of flax oil and a mixture of ethyl esters of fatty acids from flax oil added to a milk replacer (MR) formulation on the biochemical, immunological, and antioxidant status of blood, production parameters, and health of calves. Twenty-seven Holstein-Frisian calves were assigned to 3 groups: the control group without fat added to the diet (CON, n = 9), a group receiving ethyl esters of flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRE), or a group receiving flax oil (10 g/d) with lyophilized apples (25 g; MRL). The study was conducted from d 14 to d 42 of life. Intake of MR and feed were recorded daily, and fecal scores, rectal temperature, and body weight were recorded weekly. Laboratory blood tests were conducted every 7 d from d 14 to 42. Supplementation with the formulation containing ethyl esters of flax oil (MRE) positively affected health, average daily weight gain, growth rate, and feed efficiency. Intake of the starter feed was lower in the calves receiving the formulation with flax oil (MRL). The MRE formulations lowered the concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL fraction in blood serum and decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The MRL formulation increased TAS and GPx levels in blood serum. The MRE treatment limited the circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor. The MRE and MRL preparations lowered the concentration of SFA (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1) in blood serum, and MRE significantly increased levels of α-linolenic acid. The MRE and MRL preparations beneficially affected production and physiological parameters. Our data support the idea that supplementation with n-3 fatty acids improves calf growth and metabolic and oxidative functions in young calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Śpitalniak-Bajerska
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Poland
| | - A Szumny
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Poland
| | - K Pogoda-Sewerniak
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Poland
| | - R Kupczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Poland.
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Abstract
Our own studies and those of others have shown that defects in essential fatty acid (EFA) metabolism occurs in age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, immune dysfunction and cancer. It has been noted that in all these disorders there could occur a defect in the activities of desaturases, cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes leading to a decrease in the formation of their long-chain products gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This leads to an increase in the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxanes (TXs), and leukotrienes (LTs) and a decrease in anti-inflammatory lipoxin A4, resolvins, protectins and maresins. All these bioactive molecules are termed as bioactive lipids (BALs). This imbalance in the metabolites of EFAs leads to low-grade systemic inflammation and at times acute inflammatory events at specific local sites that trigger the development of various age-related disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and immune dysfunction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, nephritis and other localized inflammatory conditions. This evidence implies that methods designed to restore BALs to normal can prevent age-related disorders and enhance longevity and health.
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Ma N, Yang Y, Liu X, Li S, Qin Z, Li J. Plasma metabonomics and proteomics studies on the anti-thrombosis mechanism of aspirin eugenol ester in rat tail thrombosis model. J Proteomics 2019; 215:103631. [PMID: 31891783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol eater (AEE), a new drug compound, was synthesized through the combination of aspirin and eugenol. Antithrombotic effects of AEE have been confirmed in carrageenan-induced rat tail thrombosis model. However, its mechanism is unclear. With the application of integrated approach combining proteomics and metabolomics, the profilings of protein and metabolite in plasma were examined in thrombosis rat pretreated with AEE, aspirin and eugenol, respectively. A clear separation of the plasma metabolic profiles from different groups was found in score plots. 15 metabolites related with the metabolism of fatty acid, energy and amino acid were found. A total of 144, 38, 41 and 54 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified in control, AEE, aspirin and eugenol group, respectively. Proteomic results showed that aspirin modulated 7 proteins in amino acid metabolism and 4 proteins in complement system; eugenol regulated the 8 proteins related with coagulation cascades and fibrinogen; AEE improved 3 proteins in TCA cycle and 3 in lipid metabolism. Integrated analysis suggested that AEE improved fatty acid, energy and lipid metabolism to against thrombosis. Results of this study indicated AEE had different action mechanism on thrombosis from aspirin and eugenol, and contribute to understanding the mechanisms of AEE on thrombosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Thrombosis is a threat to human health, and there is an urgent need for new drug. In this study, compared with the model group, plasma metabolic profiles in AEE-treated rats were clearly separated; 15 metabolites and 38 proteins were picked out. These metabolites and proteins may assist in understanding the action mechanism of AEE on thrombosis. The results of plasma metabonomics and proteomics also revealed the different action mechanism among AEE, aspirin and eugenol on thrombosis. This study established the foundation to further evaluate the druggability of AEE on thrombosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071000, PR China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shihong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Phenolic, oxylipin and fatty acid profiles of the Chilean hazelnut (Gevuina avellana): Antioxidant activity and inhibition of pro-inflammatory and metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes. Food Chem 2019; 298:125026. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Watanabe N, Teradu S, Ohtani M, Uemura H. Oral administration of whole dihomo-γ-linolenic acid-producing yeast suppresses allergic contact dermatitis in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:208-215. [PMID: 31532348 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1667220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, C20: 3n-6) is known to have an anti-inflammatory activity, but its range of effects was not well studied because of its limited natural sources. We addressed these issues by constructing an yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain having a complete metabolic pathway for DGLA synthesis by introducing two desaturase and one elongase genes to convert endogenous oleic acid to DGLA. Taking advantage of well-known safety of S. cerevisiae, we previously investigated the efficacy of heat-killed whole DGLA-producing yeast cells on irritant contact dermatitis, and showed that oral intake of this yeast significantly suppressed inflammatory reactions, whereas no such suppression was observed by the intake of 25 times the amount of purified DGLA. Since this method is considered to be a simple and efficient way to suppress inflammation, we examined its effectiveness against allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in this study and showed that this method was also effective against ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Watanabe
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Teradu
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohtani
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uemura
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Japan
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Papaioannou V, Pnevmatikos I. Heart Rate Variability: A Potential Tool for Monitoring Immunomodulatory Effects of Parenteral Fish Oil Feeding in Patients With Sepsis. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819847486. [PMID: 31105430 PMCID: PMC6506912 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819847486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil, rich in the very-long chain omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), has been found to have immunomodulatory effects in different groups of critically ill patients. In addition, its parenteral administration seems to attenuate the inflammatory response within 2 to 3 days. The activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway has been suggested to mediate such immunoregulatory effects. As different experimental studies have convincingly illustrated that enhanced vagal tone can decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, novel monitoring tools of its activity at the bedside could be developed, to evaluate nutritional manipulation of immune response in the critically ill. Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variability of R-R series in the electrocardiogram and could be a promising surrogate marker of immune response and its modulation during fish oil feeding, rich in ω-3 PUFAs. Heart rate variability is an indirect measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) output, reflecting mainly fluctuations in ANS activity. Through HRV analysis, different "physiomarkers" can be estimated that could be used as early and more accurate "smart alarms" because they are based on high-frequency measurements and are much more easy to get at the bedside. On the contrary, various "biomarkers" such as cytokines exhibit marked interdependence, pleiotropy, and their plasma concentrations fluctuate from day to day in patients with sepsis. In this respect, an inverse relation between different HRV components and inflammatory biomarkers has been observed in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock, whereas a beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFAs on HRV has been demonstrated in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, in this article, we suggest that a beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFAs on HRV and clinical outcome in patients with sepsis merits further investigation and could be tested in future clinical trials as a real-time monitoring tool of nutritional manipulation of the inflammatory response in the critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Papaioannou
- Intensive Care Unit, Alexandroupolis General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Pnevmatikos
- Intensive Care Unit, Alexandroupolis General Hospital, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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