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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Getahun GK, Assfaw A, Muhammad EA, Shitemaw T. Prevalence and correlates of stunting and thinness among adolescent students in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065347. [PMID: 37258071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of stunting and thinness and associated factors among adolescents attending public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2021. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Public schools in Lideta subcity, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ELIGIBILITY Adolescents from grades 5-12 in public schools and students whose parents gave consent for participation. DATA ANALYSIS Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the independent variables and stunting and thinness. Using a 95% CI and adjusted OR (AOR), factors with a p value of less than 0.05 were determined to have a significant association. OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of stunting and thinness, as well as the factors associated with stunting and thinness, were secondary outcomes. RESULTS The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness was 7.2% (95% CI: 5.3% to 9.3%) and 9% (95% CI: 6.8% to 11.4%), respectively. Stunting was associated with a larger family size (AOR=3.76; 95% CI: 1.58 to 8.94), low dietary diversity (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.44 to 5.74), food insecurity (AOR=2.81; 95% CI: 1.38 to 5.71) and a lower wealth index (AOR=3.34; 95% CI: 1.51 to 7.41). On the other hand, thinness was associated with maternal education in those who were unable to read and write (AOR=2.5; 95% CI: 1.97 to 8.11), inadequate dietary diversity (AOR=4.81; 95% CI: 2.55 to 9.07) and larger family size (AOR=2.46; 95% CI: 1.14 to 5.29). CONCLUSION Adolescent stunting and thinness were common in Addis Ababa's public schools. Family size, dietary diversity and food security were the main factors associated with both thinness and stunting. Therefore, to solve the problem of adolescent stunting and thinness, the administration of Addis Ababa city should prioritise minimising food insecurity while boosting productivity to enhance adolescent nutritional diversity. Moreover, nutritional education should be strengthened by healthcare providers working at public schools as well as health extension workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genanew Kassie Getahun
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alebachew Assfaw
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Esmael Ali Muhammad
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewoderos Shitemaw
- Kotebe Metropolitan University, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235004. [PMID: 36501034 PMCID: PMC9739867 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of puberty has become earlier over the decades, and nutrients and diet are related to the timing of puberty onset. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between diet or nutrients in infancy, childhood and early puberty. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library were searched systematically up to 15 April 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) or regression coefficients (beta) were estimated using the random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to the heterogeneity between studies. Twenty-two articles on diet or nutrients in childhood and six about breastfeeding in infancy were included. The prolonged breastfeeding duration in infancy could reduce the risk of early menarche (beta 0.31, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.60, p = 0.045). The high intake of yogurt was associated with a 35% reduction in the risk of earlier menarche (RR 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.89, p = 0.008). Girls with severe food insecurity experienced later menarche (RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.98, p = 0.027). Conversely, due to the high intake of protein, the risk of early menarche increased by 8% (RR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.16, p = 0.016). High intake of yogurt, longer duration of breastfeeding, and food insecurity decreased the possibility of earlier menarche, while high intake of protein increased that risk. As a modifiable factor, diet and nutrients in infancy and childhood provide new insights into the future prevention of early puberty.
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Glass DJ, Geerkens JT, Martin MA. Psychosocial and energetic factors on human female pubertal timing: a systematized review. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 4:e28. [PMID: 37588922 PMCID: PMC10426011 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood psychosocial stressors have been proposed to favour fast life history strategies promoting earlier puberty in females. However, studies demonstrating this association often do not elucidate causal mechanisms, nor account for greater childhood energetic availability - also known to promote rapid growth and earlier puberty. To assess the extent to which such confounding has been considered, we conducted a systematized review to identify studies examining measures of both prepubertal growth (e.g. weight, height) and psychosocial stressors (e.g. adversity, father absence) in relation to female pubertal timing. A total of 1069 non-duplicated studies were identified across five databases. Twenty studies met selection criteria for critical review following independent screening of titles, abstracts and manuscripts. Within these studies, measures indicative of rapid childhood growth were more consistently associated with earlier pubertal timing than were measures of psychosocial stress. We discuss future research directions to investigate the impact of psychosocial stress on pubertal timing more robustly, including methodological and mechanistic considerations, and contextualization of findings by socioecological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney J. Glass
- University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Melanie A. Martin
- University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Marphatia AA, Wells JCK, Reid AM, Yajnik CS. Biosocial life-course factors associated with women's early marriage in rural India: The prospective longitudinal Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 177:147-161. [PMID: 36787733 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES By convention, women's early marriage is considered a sociocultural decision sensitive to factors acting during adolescence such as poverty, early menarche, and less education. Few studies have examined broader risk factors in the natal household prior to marriage. We investigated whether biosocial markers of parental investment through the daughters' life-course were associated with early marriage risk in rural India. We used an evolutionary perspective to interpret our findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective cohort recruited mothers at preconception. Children were followed from birth to age 21 years. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds ratios of marrying early (<19 years) associated first with wealth, age at menarche and education, and then with broader markers of maternal phenotype, natal household characteristics, and girls' growth trajectories. Models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Of 305 girls, 71 (23%) had married early. Early married girls showed different patterns of growth compared to unmarried girls. Neither poverty nor early menarche predicted early marriage. Girls' non-completion of lower secondary school predicted early marriage, explaining 19% of the variance. Independent of girls' lower schooling, nuclear household, low paternal education, shorter gestation, and girls' poor infant weight gain were associated with marrying early, explaining in combination 35% of the variance. DISCUSSION Early marriage reflects "future discounting," where reduced parental investment in daughters' somatic and educational capital from early in her life favors an earlier transition to the life-course stage when reproduction can occur. Interventions initiated in adolescence may occur too late in the life-course to effectively delay women's marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alice M Reid
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Alemu TG, Muhye AB, Ayele AD. Under nutrition and associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in the rural and urban districts of Debark, Northwest Ethiopia: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254166. [PMID: 34398878 PMCID: PMC8366968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescence is the time of puberty in which a substantial changes in physical, mental, and emotional are observed; Nutritional requirements significantly rise as a result. Even though improving adolescent girls’ nutritional status helps to break the intergenerational cycle of malnutrition, many studies in Ethiopia focus on determining the nutritional status of under-five and pregnant women and even they don’t show disparities between urban and rural adolescent girls. Thus, this study was aimed at comparing the rural and urban prevalence’s of stunting and thinness and their associated factors among adolescent girls attending school in Debark district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Method A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 792 adolescent girls from February 25th to March 21st 2020. A multi-stage sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used. Data were collected through a face-to-face interviewer-based questionnaire. Different anthropometric measurements were taken. The collected data were entered to Epi-data and exported into SPSS for analyses. Variables with p-values < 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were exported to multivariable logistic regression model to control confounders and identify the factor. The strength of association and statistical significance was declared using the adjusted odds ratios with its corresponding 95% CI, and p-value ≤ 0.05 respectively. Results A total of 757 adolescent girls with a response rate of 95.6% were participated in the study. The overall prevalence of stunting and thinness were 20.1% and 10.3%, respectively. Stunting among rural adolescent girls was 24.2%; whereas it was 16% among urban residents. Likewise, thinness among rural adolescent girls was 8.5%; whereas it was 12.1% among urban dwellers. No latrine [AOR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.11, 3.43)], lowest media exposure [AOR: 5.14 (95% CI: 1.16, 22.74)], lower wealth class [AOR:2.58 (95% CI: 1.310, 5.091)], and middle wealth class[AOR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.230, 4.554)] have risen the likelihood of stunting in rural setting while early adolescent age [AOR:3.17 (95% CI:1.445,6.95)] significantly associated with stunting in urban setting. Food insecurity [AOR: 1.95 (95% CI: 1.01, 3.78)] was associated with stunting in overall adolescent girls. Middle adolescent age groups in rural area have more than three times to experience thinness [AOR: 3.67 (95% CI: 1. 21, 11.149)]. Whereas urban resident girls fall in early adolescent age group developed thinness were eight times [AOR: 8.39 (95% CI: 2.48–28.30)]. Conclusion Stunting was higher among rural adolescent girls as compared to urban. However, thinness was higher among urban dwellers. Lower wealth class, food insecurity, lowest media exposure, and age were significantly associated with stunting and thinness. Hence, increasing latrine coverage, boosting the economic status of the community, and increasing media exposure for adolescent girls should get due attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Addis Bilal Muhye
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Amare Demsie Ayele
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
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Burris ME, Wiley AS. Marginal Food Security Predicts Earlier Age at Menarche Among Girls From the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:462-470. [PMID: 33839292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the relationship between household food security and variation in age at menarche, as well as the connections between food insecurity, nutritional status, and allostatic load, among girls aged 12-15 years from the 2009-2014 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Data analysis included mean comparisons of age at menarche among household food security groups (high, marginal, low, and very low) as well as categorical variables known to associate with age at menarche (ethnicity, poverty status, body mass index [BMI], allostatic load, and milk consumption). χ2 Analyses were used to test the associations between household food security and additional categorical variables. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to test the relationship between variation in age at menarche and household food security, ethnicity, BMI, and allostatic load categories while controlling for age. RESULTS Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Mexican American girls had earlier mean ages at menarche, higher mean BMIs, and disproportionately experienced household food insecurity when compared to non-Hispanic White-identifying girls. In the univariate analyses, marginal household food security, Hispanic/Mexican American and Black ethnicities, overweight and obese BMI categories, and marginal-high allostatic load were each associated with lower age at menarche compared to reference categories. These associations were maintained in the multivariate analysis, although only Hispanic/Mexican American ethnicity predicted earlier menarche when compared to that of non-Hispanic White girls. CONCLUSIONS Marginal household food security, particularly for girls who identified as non-White, predicted earlier age at menarche independent of nutritional status and allostatic load. At the same time, having more energetic resources (ie, higher BMI) also significantly predicted earlier menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mecca E Burris
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
| | - Andrea S Wiley
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Gamba RJ, Eskenazi B, Madsen K, Hubbard A, Harley K, Laraia BA. Changing from a highly food secure household to a marginal or food insecure household is associated with decreased weight and body mass index z-scores among Latino children from CHAMACOS. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12762. [PMID: 33394569 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent household food insecurity may have a greater adverse effect on children's health outcomes than experiencing household food insecurity for a shorter duration. OBJECTIVES Examine how changing household food security status and prolonged exposure to household marginal food security or food insecurity are associated with changes in children's growth from age 5 to 12. METHODS We analyzed 204 mother-child dyads from the Center for Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS), a longitudinal birth cohort study of Latino households. Generalized estimating equations assessed how changing household food security status and persistent exposure to marginal food security or food insecurity were associated with growth throughout childhood. RESULTS Living in a marginally food secure of food insecure household compared to highly food secure household was associated with a decrease in BMI z-score of 0.18 (0.09, 0.26) between age 9 and 10.5. Changing from a highly food secure household to a marginally food secure or food insecure household was associated with a 0.10 (0.01, 0.20) decrease in body mass index z-score compared to those who persistently lived in highly food secure households. CONCLUSIONS Changes in food security status and duration of food insecurity were associated with changes in children's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Gamba
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Director, Center for Children's Environmental Health Research, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kristine Madsen
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- Division of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kim Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Dixit A, Bhan N, Benmarhnia T, Reed E, Kiene SM, Silverman J, Raj A. The association between early in marriage fertility pressure from in-laws' and family planning behaviors, among married adolescent girls in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Reprod Health 2021; 18:60. [PMID: 33750403 PMCID: PMC7941884 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Married adolescent girls are vulnerable to risky sexual and reproductive health outcomes. We examined the association of fertility pressure from in-laws’ early in marriage with contraceptive use ever, parity, time until first birth, and couple communication about family size, among married adolescent girls. Methods Data were taken from a cross-sectional survey with married girls aged 15–19 years (N = 4893) collected from September 2015 to July 2016 in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India. Multivariable regression assessed associations between in-laws’ fertility pressure and each outcome, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates. Results We found that 1 in 5 girls experienced pressure from in-laws’ to have a child immediately after marriage. In-laws’ fertility pressure was associated with lower parity (Adj. β Coef. − 0.10, 95% CI − 0.17, − 0.37) and couple communication about family size (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.39, 2.26), but not contraceptive use or time until birth. Conclusions Our study adds to the literature identifying that in-laws’ pressure on fertility is common, affects couple communication about family size, and may be more likely for those yet to have a child, but may have little effect impeding contraceptive use in a context where such use is not normative. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12978-021-01116-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Dixit
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA. .,Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University-University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Nandita Bhan
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Tarik Benmarhnia
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 8622 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Elizabeth Reed
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Susan M Kiene
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Jay Silverman
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA
| | - Anita Raj
- Center on Gender Equity and Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.,Department of Education Studies, Division of Social Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Charles Shapu R, Ismail S, Ahmad N, Lim PY, Abubakar Njodi I. Food Security and Hygiene Practice among Adolescent Girls in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091265. [PMID: 32927593 PMCID: PMC7555868 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate food security contributes to poor health outcome for all, including adolescent girls. The study aims at determining the level of food security and hygiene among adolescent girls. A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years old from six schools in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire using KoBoCollect Toolbox between June and July 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of food security and hygiene among respondents. A majority of the respondents (73.5%) were in a very low food security level. Three factors were significantly associated with food security level, these included schools (p = 0.007), age of mother (p = 0.004), and occupation of mother (p < 0.001). School (p = 0.003), age (father p = 0.017; mother; p = 0.012), hygiene (p = 0.005), and occupation of mother (p = 0.002) were predictors of food security. About (46.6%) of respondents had poor hygiene practice, school (p = 0.016) was significantly associated with hygiene practice. School (p = 0.019; and p = 0.005) and food security (p = 0.009) were predictors of hygiene practice. This study reveals a high prevalence of low food security among adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Charles Shapu
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.C.S.); (N.A.); (P.Y.L.)
- College of Nursing and Midwifery, Damboa Road, Maiduguri, 600252 Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Suriani Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.C.S.); (N.A.); (P.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-19-2249828
| | - Norliza Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.C.S.); (N.A.); (P.Y.L.)
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (R.C.S.); (N.A.); (P.Y.L.)
| | - Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi
- Department of Physical and Health Education, University of Maiduguri, 600230 Maiduguri, Nigeria;
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Household food insecurity and educational outcomes in school-going adolescents in Ghana. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1349-1361. [PMID: 32713415 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association of household food insecurity with educational outcomes and explored the moderating effect of gender and school lunch programme. DESIGN The study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected in 2014 using interviewer-administered questionnaires and school administrative records. We measured household food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Educational outcomes referred to knowledge, attitudes and skills that students are expected to obtain while attending school. We obtained sixteen different measures of educational outcomes, ranging from academic grades to beliefs and attitudes towards school and education. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling with covariates at the student and school levels. We conducted moderation tests by adding a two-way interaction between food insecurity and gender, and between food insecurity and school lunch programme. SETTING The study was conducted in 100 schools located in fifty-four districts within Ghana's eight administrative regions in 2014. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 2201 school-going adolescents aged 15-19 years. RESULTS More than 60 % of adolescents were from food-insecure households. Household food insecurity was negatively associated with Math grade and school attendance. Food insecurity was also inversely associated with socio-emotional outcomes, including academic self-efficacy, commitment to school and academic aspirations and expectations. We did not find a moderating effect of gender and school lunch programme. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity is negatively associated with wide-ranging educational outcomes related to both learning and socio-emotional abilities. Our study supports prior evidence suggesting the importance of food access on both cognitive and non-cognitive educational outcomes.
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Himmelgreen D, Romero-Daza N, Heuer J, Lucas W, Salinas-Miranda AA, Stoddard T. Using syndemic theory to understand food insecurity and diet-related chronic diseases. Soc Sci Med 2020; 295:113124. [PMID: 32586635 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Syndemic Theory (ST) provides a framework to examine mutually enhancing diseases/health issues under conditions of social inequality and inequity. ST has been used in multiple disciplines to address interacting infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases, and mental health conditions. The theory has been critiqued for its inability to measure disease interactions and their individual and combined health outcomes. This article reviews literature that strongly suggests a syndemic between food insecurity (FI) and diet-related chronic diseases (DRCDs), and proposes a model to measure the extent of such interaction. The article seeks to: (1) examine the potential syndemic between FI and DRCDs; (2) illustrate how the incorporation of Life History Theory (LHT), into a syndemic framework can help to highlight critical lifeperiods when FI-DRCD interactions result in adverse health outcomes; (3) discuss the use of mixed methods to identify and measure syndemics to enhance the precision and predictive power of ST; and (4) propose an analytical model for the examination of the FI-DRCD syndemic through the life course. The proposed model is more relevant now given the significant increase in FI globally as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The differential impact that the pandemic appears to have among various age groups and by other demographic factors (e.g., race, gender, income) offers an opportunity to examine the potential FI-DRCD syndemic under the lens of LHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Himmelgreen
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA; USF Center for the Advancement of Food Security & Healthy Communities, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Nancy Romero-Daza
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA; USF Center for the Advancement of Food Security & Healthy Communities, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Heuer
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA; USF Center for the Advancement of Food Security & Healthy Communities, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William Lucas
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Abraham A Salinas-Miranda
- USF Center of Excellence in MCH Education, Science & Practice, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, UPC 523, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Theresa Stoddard
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, SOC 107, Tampa, FL, USA
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Canelón SP, Boland MR. A Systematic Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Timing of Menarche: The Potential for Climate Change to Impact Women's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051703. [PMID: 32150950 PMCID: PMC7084472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Menarche is the first occurrence of a woman’s menstruation, an event that symbolizes reproductive capacity and the transition from childhood into womanhood. The global average age for menarche is 12 years and this has been declining in recent years. Many factors that affect the timing menarche in girls could be affected by climate change. A systematic literature review was performed regarding the timing of menarche and four publication databases were interrogated: EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Cochrane Reviews. Themes were identified from 112 articles and related to environmental causes of perturbations in menarche (either early or late), disease causes and consequences of perturbations, and social causes and consequences. Research from climatology was incorporated to describe how climate change events, including increased hurricanes, avalanches/mudslides/landslides, and extreme weather events could alter the age of menarche by disrupting food availability or via increased toxin/pollutant release. Overall, our review revealed that these perturbations in the timing of menarche are likely to increase the disease burden for women in four key areas: mental health, fertility-related conditions, cardiovascular disease, and bone health. In summary, the climate does have the potential to impact women’s health through perturbation in the timing of menarche and this, in turn, will affect women’s risk of disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia P. Canelón
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ;
| | - Mary Regina Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ;
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Burris M, Miller E, Romero-Daza N, Himmelgreen D. Food Insecurity and Age at Menarche in Tampa Bay, Florida. Ecol Food Nutr 2020; 59:346-366. [DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1727464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mecca Burris
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nancy Romero-Daza
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David Himmelgreen
- Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Patil S, Joglekar C, Mohite R, Surve M, Sonawane S, Chavan R. Menarche among rural adolescent girls in Dervan (Data from the KONKAN region of the state of Maharashtra, India). J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:5276-5281. [PMID: 33409202 PMCID: PMC7773089 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_509_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tariku A, Belew AK, Gonete KA, Hunegnaw MT, Muhammad EA, Demissie GD, Biks GA, Awoke T, Gelaye KA, Zeleke EG, Abebe Z, Gete AA, Yesuf ME, Abebe SM, Gete YK, Gelagay AA, Fekadu A, Muchie KF, Wassie MM. Stunting and Its Determinants among Adolescent Girls: Findings from the Nutrition Surveillance Project, Northwest Ethiopia. Ecol Food Nutr 2019; 58:481-494. [PMID: 31271301 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1636793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Under nutrition among adolescents is a major public health problem in Ethiopia and its causes are under investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of stunting and its determinants among adolescent girls in Dabat district. A total of 1556 adolescent girls were included in the study. The WHO's Anthro-plus software was used to generate the height for age z-scores. Variables having a p-value<0.2 in the simple logistic regression were entered into multiple logistic regression and a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. About 47.4%(95%CI; 45.0, 49.6%) of adolescent girls were stunted. Being in the early (AOR = 0.027, 95%CI: 0.08, 0.09) and middle age (AOR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.71) were less likely to be stunted compared with the late adolescent. The odds of stunting were found to be higher among adolescent of rural area (AOR = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.01, 2.10) and from household food in-secured (AOR = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.73)families. Higher numbers of adolescent girls are stunted in Dabat district, suggesting severe public health importance of the problem. Age, residence and food security were associated with adolescent stunting. Thus, improving food security strategies targeting rural and food insecure households is recommended. Abbreviations: AOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio,CI= Confidence Interval, COR= Crude Odd Ratio, ENSSPI=Establishing Nutrition Surveillance System and Piloting Interventions HAZ=Height for Age, HDSS=Health and Demographic Surveillance System, HFSS=Household Food Security Status, INDEPTH=International Network of Demographic Evaluation of Population and Their Health, IQR=Inter Quartile Range, NNP=National Nutrition Program, NSHFP=National School Health and Feeding Program, SPSS=Statically Package for Social Science, WHO= World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysheshim Kassahun Belew
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Abdela Gonete
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Esmael Ali Muhammad
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Getu Debalkie Demissie
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Andargie Biks
- Department of Health ServiceManagement and Health Economics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Awoke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Alemu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Ejigu Gebeye Zeleke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Azeb Atnafu Gete
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Melkie Edris Yesuf
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mekonnen Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Yigzaw Kebede Gete
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Addis Gelagay
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Abel Fekadu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Kindie Fentahun Muchie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
| | - Molla Mesele Wassie
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar , Gondar , Ethiopia
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Sumner JA, Colich NL, Uddin M, Armstrong D, McLaughlin KA. Early Experiences of Threat, but Not Deprivation, Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:268-278. [PMID: 30391001 PMCID: PMC6326868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent conceptual models argue that early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, which may contribute to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Evidence for accelerated development in youths comes from studies of telomere shortening or advanced pubertal development following circumscribed ELA experiences and neuroimaging studies of circuits involved in emotional processing. It is unclear whether all ELA is associated with accelerated development across global metrics of biological aging or whether this pattern emerges following specific adversity types. METHODS In 247 children and adolescents 8 to 16 years of age with wide variability in ELA exposure, we evaluated the hypothesis that early environments characterized by threat, but not deprivation, would be associated with accelerated development across two global biological aging metrics: DNA methylation (DNAm) age and pubertal stage relative to chronological age. We also examined whether accelerated development explained associations of ELA with depressive symptoms and externalizing problems. RESULTS Exposure to threat-related ELA (e.g., violence) was associated with accelerated DNAm age and advanced pubertal stage, but exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, food insecurity) was not. In models including both ELA types, threat-related ELA was uniquely associated with accelerated DNAm age (β = .18) and advanced pubertal stage (β = .28), whereas deprivation was uniquely associated with delayed pubertal stage (β = -.21). Older DNAm age was related to greater depressive symptoms, and a significant indirect effect of threat exposure on depressive symptoms was observed through DNAm age. CONCLUSIONS Early threat-related experiences are particularly associated with accelerated biological aging in youths, which may be a mechanism linking ELA with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Sumner
- Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Natalie L Colich
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Monica Uddin
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Don Armstrong
- Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
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18
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Bernstein RM. Hormones and Human and Nonhuman Primate Growth. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 88:15-21. [PMID: 28528334 DOI: 10.1159/000476065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to review information pertaining to the hormonal regulation of nonhuman primate growth, with specific focus on the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and adrenal androgens. Hormones of the GH-IGF axis are consistently associated with measures of growth - linear, weight, or both - during the growth period; in adulthood, concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3, and GH-binding protein are not associated with any measures of size. Comparing patterns of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) may be especially relevant for understanding whether the childhood stage of growth and development is unique to humans and perhaps other apes. Genetic, hormonal, and morphological data on adrenarche in other nonhuman primate species suggest that this endocrine transition is delayed in humans, chimpanzees, and possibly gorillas, while present very early in postnatal life in macaques. This suggests that although perhaps permitted by an extension of the pre-adolescent growth period, childhood builds upon existing developmental substrates rather than having been inserted de novo into an ancestral growth trajectory. Hormones can provide insight regarding the evolution of the human growth trajectory.
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Said-Mohamed R, Prioreschi A, Nyati LH, van Heerden A, Munthali RJ, Kahn K, Tollman SM, Gómez-Olivé FX, Houle B, Dunger DB, Norris SA. Rural-urban variations in age at menarche, adult height, leg-length and abdominal adiposity in black South African women in transitioning South Africa. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:123-132. [PMID: 29557678 PMCID: PMC5964443 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1442497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The pre-pubertal socioeconomic environment may be an important determinant of age at menarche, adult height, body proportions and adiposity: traits closely linked to adolescent and adult health. Aims: This study explored differences in age at menarche, adult height, relative leg-length and waist circumference between rural and urban black South African young adult women, who are at different stages of the nutrition and epidemiologic transitions. Subjects and methods: We compared 18–23 year-old black South African women, 482 urban-dwelling from Soweto and 509 from the rural Mpumalanga province. Age at menarche, obstetric history and household socio-demographic and economic information were recorded using interview-administered questionnaires. Height, sitting-height, hip and waist circumference were measured using standardised techniques. Results: Urban and rural black South African women differed in their age at menarche (at ages 12.7 and 14.5 years, respectively). In urban women, a one-year increase in age at menarche was associated with a 0.65 cm and 0.16% increase in height and relative leg-length ratio, respectively. In both settings, earlier age at menarche and shorter relative leg-length were independently associated with an increase in waist circumference. Conclusions: In black South African women, the earlier onset of puberty, and consequently an earlier growth cessation process, may lead to central fat mass accumulation in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihlat Said-Mohamed
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Alessandra Prioreschi
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Lukhanyo H Nyati
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Alastair van Heerden
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,b Human and Social Development Research Programme , Human Sciences Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
| | - Richard J Munthali
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Kathleen Kahn
- c MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit , School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg Parktown , South Africa.,d INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana.,e Umeå Centre for Global Health Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Stephen M Tollman
- c MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit , School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg Parktown , South Africa.,d INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana.,e Umeå Centre for Global Health Research , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- c MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit , School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg Parktown , South Africa.,d INDEPTH Network , Accra , Ghana
| | - Brian Houle
- c MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit , School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg Parktown , South Africa.,f School of Demography , The Australian National University , Acton , Australia
| | - David B Dunger
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,g Department of Paediatrics , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Shane A Norris
- a MRC/WITS Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics , School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Ward JL, Harrison K, Viner RM, Costello A, Heys M. Adolescent cohorts assessing growth, cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes in low and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190443. [PMID: 29338025 PMCID: PMC5770018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Life-course studies are needed to explore how exposures during adolescence, particularly puberty, contribute to later cardiovascular risk and cognitive health in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), where 90% of the world’s young people live. The extent of any existing cohorts investigating these outcomes in LMIC has not previously been described. Methods We performed a systematic literature review to identify population cohort studies of adolescents in LMIC that assessed anthropometry and any of cardiovascular risk (blood pressure, physical activity, plasma glucose/lipid profile and substance misuse), puberty (age at menarche, Tanner staging, or other form of pubertal staging) or cognitive outcomes. Studies that recruited participants on the basis of a pre-existing condition or involved less than 500 young people were excluded. Findings 1829 studies were identified, and 24 cohorts fulfilled inclusion criteria based in Asia (10), Africa (6) and South / Central America (8). 14 (58%) of cohorts identified were based in one of four countries; India, Brazil, Vietnam or Ethiopia. Only 2 cohorts included a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment, tanner pubertal staging, and cognitive outcomes. Conclusion Improved utilisation of existing datasets and additional cohort studies of adolescents in LMIC that collect contemporaneous measures of growth, cognition, cardiovascular risk and pubertal development are needed to better understand how this period of the life course influences future non-communicable disease morbidity and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Ward
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Katherine Harrison
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Russell M. Viner
- UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Costello
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA) World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Heys
- UCL Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jebena MG, Lindstrom D, Lachat C, Belachew T, Kolsteren P. The effect of food insecurity on health status of adolescents in Ethiopia: longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:465. [PMID: 28521757 PMCID: PMC5437384 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of food insecurity on health and wellbeing of a population has been the subject of much research. Yet, limited research has investigated its effect on adolescents' health and wellbeing in Ethiopia. METHOD We used data from the Jimma Longitudinal Family Survey of Youth which began tracking a cohort of adolescents in 2005 to examine the social, behavioral and economic determinants of their health and well-being. A total of 1,919 sample were included in the main analyses. All youths provided data related to their food insecurity experiences and their health status. A mixed effect logistic regression using random intercept and trend model was used to examine the relationship between food insecurity and their health status. Fixed effects estimates were also computed to check the parsimoniousness of the random intercept and trend model. RESULTS The results indicated that the mean (±SD) age of adolescents was 18.6(±1.4). Nine hundred twenty three (48.1%) of them were female. The magnitude of self-rated health status was relatively unstable ranging from 18.9%, 34.7% to 37.3% in each round. Similarly, 20.4%, 48.4% and 20.6% of adolescents were food insecure during each consecutive round of the survey respectively. Exposure to food insecurity is strongly associated with self-rated health status (β = 0.28, P < 0.001) and poor self-rated health was also more pronounced for some time (β =2.11, P < 0.001) and decline after a turning point (β = -0.38, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that any social, nutrition and public health interventions designed to improve adolescent health should consider underlying social determinants of health such as food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulusew G. Jebena
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Lindstrom
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, Box 1916, Maxcy Hall, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Amir D, Jordan MR, Bribiescas RG. A Longitudinal Assessment of Associations between Adolescent Environment, Adversity Perception, and Economic Status on Fertility and Age of Menarche. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155883. [PMID: 27249338 PMCID: PMC4889152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Perceptions of environmental adversity and access to economic resources in adolescence can theoretically affect the timing of life history transitions and investment in reproductive effort. Here we present evidence of correlations between variables associated with subjective extrinsic mortality, economic status, and reproductive effort in a nationally representative American population of young adults. Methods We used a longitudinal database that sampled American participants (N ≥ 1,579) at four points during early adolescence and early adulthood to test whether perceptions of environmental adversity and early economic status were associated with reproductive effort. Results We found that subjectively high ratings of environmental danger and low access to economic resources in adolescence were significantly associated with an earlier age of menarche in girls and earlier, more robust fertility in young adulthood. Conclusion While energetics and somatic condition remain as possible sources of variation, the results of this study support the hypothesis that perceptions of adversity early in life and limited access to economic resources are associated with differences in reproductive effort and scheduling. How these factors may covary with energetics and somatic condition merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Amir
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthew R. Jordan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Bribiescas
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Wassie MM, Gete AA, Yesuf ME, Alene GD, Belay A, Moges T. Predictors of nutritional status of Ethiopian adolescent girls: a community based cross sectional study. BMC Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-015-0015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Langos D, Kulik L, Ruiz-Lambides A, Widdig A. Does Male Care, Provided to Immature Individuals, Influence Immature Fitness in Rhesus Macaques? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137841. [PMID: 26367536 PMCID: PMC4569174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among many mammals, maternal care strongly impacts infant survival; however, less is known about whether adult males also affect infant fitness. Paternal care is expected when providing care enhances offspring survival and reproduction, which likewise increases fathers' fitness. Males might also care for unrelated immature individuals to increase their mating probability with the immature individuals' mothers. Studies in multimale primate groups showed that sires enhance food access for offspring and provide protection in conflicts. Furthermore, fathers' presence during infancy has been suggested to accelerate offspring sexual maturation. However, no study has yet directly linked the degree of father-offspring bonds to offspring fitness in primates. We previously reported father-offspring affiliation in rhesus macaques, pronounced during early infancy and independent of mothers' presence. The present study aims at investigating whether affiliation with fathers or other males affects proxies of immature fitness (body mass gain, body fat and testis size). First, we combined behavioral, genetic and morphometric data from 55 subjects of one group. Second, using demographic and genetic data, we investigated for 92 individuals of the population whether mother- and father-offspring co-residence during immaturity influenced offspring lifetime reproductive success (LRS). Our results show that focal rank and higher amounts of affiliation with high-ranking males during infancy tend to positively impact body mass gain of female, but not male focal animals. In contrast, body mass gain of male focal individuals, but not females', appeared to be higher when affiliation of male immature individuals was evenly distributed across their adult male partners. Moreover, we found mothers', but not fathers', presence during immaturity to predict offspring LRS. Our results suggest that male-immature affiliation, but not father-offspring co-residence, potentially impacts proxies of immature fitness. However, future studies should investigate the underlying mechanisms of male-immature relationships and their impact on immature fitness in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Langos
- Junior Research Group of ‘Primate Kin Selection’, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kulik
- Junior Research Group of ‘Primate Kin Selection’, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angelina Ruiz-Lambides
- Junior Research Group of ‘Primate Kin Selection’, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, PO Box 906, Punta Santiago, PR, 00741, United States of America
| | - Anja Widdig
- Junior Research Group of ‘Primate Kin Selection’, Department of Primatology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Odongkara Mpora B, Piloya T, Awor S, Ngwiri T, Laigong P, Mworozi EA, Hochberg Z. Age at menarche in relation to nutritional status and critical life events among rural and urban secondary school girls in post-conflict northern Uganda. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:66. [PMID: 24885913 PMCID: PMC4021025 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Menarche age is an important indicator of reproductive health of a woman or a community. In industrial societies, age at menarche has been declining over the last 150 years with a secular trend, and similar trends have been reported in some developing countries. Menarche age is affected by genetic and environmental cues, including nutrition. The study was designed to determine the age at menarche and its relation to childhood critical life events and nutritional status in post-conflict northern Uganda. Methods This was a comparative cross-sectional study of rural and urban secondary school girls in northern Uganda. Structured questionnaires were administered to 274 secondary school girls, aged 12 – 18 years to determine the age at menarche in relation to home location, nutritional status, body composition and critical life events. Results The mean age at menarche was 13.6 ± 1.3 for rural and 13.3 ± 1.4 years for urban dwelling girls (t = -1.996, p = 0.047). Among the body composition measures, hip circumference was negatively correlated with the age at menarche (r = -0.109, p = 0.036), whereas height, BMI and waist circumference did not correlate with menarche. Paternal (but not maternal) education was associated with earlier menarche (F = 2.959, p = 0.033). Childhood critical life events were not associated with age at menarche. Conclusions Age at menarche differed among urban and rural dwelling school girls and dependent on current nutritional status, as manifested by the hip circumference. It was not associated with extreme stressful childhood critical life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Odongkara Mpora
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Paediatric Endocrinologist, Paediatrician, Lecturer, Gulu University, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu, Uganda.
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Clancy KBH, Klein LD, Ziomkiewicz A, Nenko I, Jasienska G, Bribiescas RG. Relationships between biomarkers of inflammation, ovarian steroids, and age at menarche in a rural Polish sample. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:389-98. [PMID: 23606228 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that life history trade-offs between maintenance and reproductive effort would be evident through inverse associations between levels of a biomarker of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)], and ovarian hormones. Associations between CRP and age at menarche were also explored. METHODS Urinary CRP, salivary progesterone, and estradiol were measured over one menstrual cycle from rural Polish women (n = 25), representing a natural fertility sample. Age of menarche was assessed through interview recall methods. We used minimum second-order Akaike Information Criteria as a means of multiple regression model selection, and repeated measures ANOVA to test cycle-dependent hypotheses. RESULTS Comparisons of individuals in high and low CRP tertiles revealed that those with high CRP had significantly lower progesterone (luteal P = 0.03, mid luteal P = 0.007) but not estradiol (follicular P = 0.21, luteal P = 0.15) concentrations through the menstrual cycle. However, when the age at menarche was included in the analysis, both age at menarche and urinary CRP were negatively associated with estradiol (R(2) = 0.44, P = 0.0007). Age at menarche and estradiol were the strongest negative predictors of CRP (R(2) = 0.52, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Inflammation itself may suppress ovarian function, or indicate immune challenges that lead to ovarian suppression. The timing of menarche may also influence adult inflammatory sensitivity and ovarian hormone concentrations. This lends support to existing models of trade-offs between maintenance and reproduction in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn B H Clancy
- Department of Anthropology, Laboratory for Evolutionary Endocrinology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Chitnis T. Role of puberty in multiple sclerosis risk and course. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Luciano AP, Benedet J, de Abreu LC, Valenti VE, de Souza Almeida F, de Vasconcelos FAG, Adami F. Median ages at stages of sexual maturity and excess weight in school children. Reprod Health 2013; 10:56. [PMID: 24139334 PMCID: PMC3843500 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-10-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to estimate the median ages at specific stages of sexual maturity stratified by excess weight in boys and girls. MATERIALS AND METHOD This was a cross-sectional study made in 2007 in Florianopolis, Brazil, with 2,339 schoolchildren between 8 to 14 years of age (1,107 boys) selected at random in two steps (by region and type of school). The schoolchildren were divided into: i) those with excess weight and ii) those without excess weight, according to the WHO 2007 cut-off points for gender and age. Sexual maturity was self-evaluated by the subjects according to the Tanner sexual development stages, and utilizing median ages for the genitalia, breasts, and pubic hair stages. RESULTS In the boys with excess weight, precocity was observed in the stages 4 for genitals and pubic hair and 2 for pubic hair, with the values for excess and normal weight. The median ages at the beginning of puberty (stage 2-sexual development) for boys and girls in Florianopolis were 10.8 and 10.3 years, respectively. CONCLUSION Excess weight is associated with lower median ages in the sexual maturity stages in boys and girls and that it should be taken into account when evaluating sexual maturity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Luciano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Departamento de Saúde da Coletividade, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
| | - Jucemar Benedet
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC 88040-970, Brasil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Escrita Científica, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
| | - Vitor E Valenti
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, UNESP, Av. Hygino Muzzi Filho, 737, Marilia, SP 17525-900, Brasil
| | - Fernando de Souza Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Departamento de Saúde da Coletividade, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
- Laboratório de Escrita Científica, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
| | - Francisco AG de Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC 88040-970, Brasil
| | - Fernando Adami
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde e Departamento de Saúde da Coletividade, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Av. Príncipe de Gales, 821, Santo André, SP 09060-650, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianopolis, SC 88040-970, Brasil
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Boynton-Jarrett R, Harville EW. A prospective study of childhood social hardships and age at menarche. Ann Epidemiol 2012; 22:731-7. [PMID: 22959664 PMCID: PMC3469794 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of type, timing, and cumulative childhood hardships on age at menarche in a prospective cohort study. METHODS A longitudinal analysis was undertaken of 4524 female participants of the National Child Development Study cohort (1958-2003). Six types of childhood hardships were identified with a factor analysis methodology. Paternal absence/low involvement in childhood was an a priori hardship. Retrospective reports of abuse in childhood also were explored in relation to age at menarche. Generalized logit regression analyses explored the impact of type, timing, and cumulative hardships on age at menarche (≤ 11, 12-13, ≥ 14 years). RESULTS Cumulative childhood hardships were associated with a graded increase in risk for later menarche with adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-1.70), 1.50 (95% CI, 1.18-1.91), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.29-1.92) among those with two, three, and four or more adversities, respectively. More than two hardships in early life had the strongest association with late menarche (AOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.12-4.80). Sexual abuse was most strongly associated with early menarche (AOR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.40-4.81). CONCLUSIONS Cumulative childhood hardships increased risk for later age at menarche. Child abuse was associated with both early and late menarche, although associations varied by type of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Department of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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