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Toriyama K, Uehara T, Iwakoshi A, Kawashima H, Hosoda W. HNF6 and HNF4α expression in adenocarcinomas of the liver, pancreaticobiliary tract, and gastrointestinal tract: an immunohistochemical study of 480 adenocarcinomas of the digestive system. Pathology 2024; 56:804-813. [PMID: 38926048 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF) 6 and 4α are master transcriptional regulators of development and maintenance of the liver and pancreaticobiliary tract in mice and humans. However, little is known about the prevalence of HNF6 and HNF4α expression in carcinomas of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas. We aimed to reveal the diagnostic utility of HNF6 and HNF4α immunolabelling in adenocarcinomas of these organs. We investigated HNF6 and HNF4α expression by immunohistochemistry using a total of 480 adenocarcinomas of the digestive system, including 282 of the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas and 198 of the gastrointestinal tract. HNF6 expression was primarily restricted to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (CCs) (63%, n=80) and gallbladder adenocarcinomas (43%, n=88), among others. Notably, small duct intrahepatic CCs almost invariably expressed HNF6 (90%, n=42), showing stark contrast to a low prevalence in large duct intrahepatic CCs (10%, n=21; p<0.0001). HNF6 expression was infrequent in extrahepatic CCs (9%, n=55) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (7%, n=58), and it was rare in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract [oesophagus/oesophagogastric junction (EGJ) (2%, n=45), stomach (2%, n=86), duodenum (0%, n=25), and colorectum (0%, n=42)]. In contrast, HNF4α was widely expressed among adenocarcinomas of the digestive system, including intrahepatic CCs (88%), extrahepatic CCs (94%), adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder (98%), pancreas (98%), oesophagus/EGJ (96%), stomach (98%), duodenum (80%), and colorectum (100%). HNF6 was frequently expressed in and almost restricted to intrahepatic CCs of small duct type and gallbladder adenocarcinomas, while HNF4α was expressed throughout adenocarcinomas of the digestive system. HNF6 immunolabelling may be useful in distinguishing small duct intrahepatic CCs from other types of CC as well as metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Toriyama
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akari Iwakoshi
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan.
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Kotulkar M, Paine-Cabrera D, Apte U. Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha in Liver Cancer. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38901435 DOI: 10.1055/a-2349-7236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the incidence of HCC is on the rise. Liver cancers in general and HCC in particular do not respond to chemotherapy. Radiological ablation, surgical resection, and liver transplantation are the only medical therapies currently available. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) is an orphan nuclear receptor expressed only in hepatocytes in the liver. HNF4α is considered the master regulator of hepatic differentiation because it regulates a significant number of genes involved in various liver-specific functions. In addition to maintaining hepatic differentiation, HNF4α also acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation by suppressing the expression of promitogenic genes and inhibiting epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. Loss of HNF4α expression and function is associated with rapid progression of chronic liver diseases that ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and HCC, including metabolism-associated steatohepatitis, alcohol-associated liver disease, and hepatitis virus infection. This review summarizes the role of HNF4α in liver cancer pathogenesis and highlights its potential as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kotulkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Diego Paine-Cabrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Martinez-Calle M, Courbon G, Hunt-Tobey B, Francis C, Spindler J, Wang X, dos Reis LM, Martins CS, Salusky IB, Malluche H, Nickolas TL, Moyses RM, Martin A, David V. Transcription factor HNF4α2 promotes osteogenesis and prevents bone abnormalities in mice with renal osteodystrophy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e159928. [PMID: 37079387 PMCID: PMC10231994 DOI: 10.1172/jci159928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a disorder of bone metabolism that affects virtually all patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including fractures, cardiovascular events, and death. In this study, we showed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a transcription factor mostly expressed in the liver, is also expressed in bone, and that osseous HNF4α expression was dramatically reduced in patients and mice with ROD. Osteoblast-specific deletion of Hnf4α resulted in impaired osteogenesis in cells and mice. Using multi-omics analyses of bones and cells lacking or overexpressing Hnf4α1 and Hnf4α2, we showed that HNF4α2 is the main osseous Hnf4α isoform that regulates osteogenesis, cell metabolism, and cell death. As a result, osteoblast-specific overexpression of Hnf4α2 prevented bone loss in mice with CKD. Our results showed that HNF4α2 is a transcriptional regulator of osteogenesis, implicated in the development of ROD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martinez-Calle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guillaume Courbon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bridget Hunt-Tobey
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Connor Francis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jadeah Spindler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Luciene M. dos Reis
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina S.W. Martins
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isidro B. Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hartmut Malluche
- Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Thomas L. Nickolas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Irving University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rosa M.A. Moyses
- LIM 16, Nephrology Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP (HCFMUSP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) is a highly conserved member of the nuclear receptor superfamily expressed at high levels in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and gut. In the liver, HNF4α is exclusively expressed in hepatocytes, where it is indispensable for embryonic and postnatal liver development and for normal liver function in adults. It is considered a master regulator of hepatic differentiation because it regulates a significant number of genes involved in hepatocyte-specific functions. Loss of HNF4α expression and function is associated with the progression of chronic liver disease. Further, HNF4α is a target of chemical-induced liver injury. In this review, we discuss the role of HNF4α in liver pathophysiology and highlight its potential use as a therapeutic target for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Kotulkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dakota R Robarts
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Wang M, Yang Y, Xu Y. Brain nuclear receptors and cardiovascular function. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 36670468 PMCID: PMC9854230 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-heart interaction has raised up increasing attentions. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain, and emerging evidence indicates that a number of these brain NRs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, etc. In this review, we will elaborate recent findings that have established the physiological relevance of brain NRs in the context of cardiovascular function. In addition, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding the distinct neuronal populations that respond to brain NRs in the cardiovascular control. These findings suggest connections between cardiac control and brain dynamics through NR signaling, which may lead to novel tools for the treatment of pathological changes in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Emanuelson C, Ankenbruck N, Kumbhare R, Thomas M, Connelly C, Baktash Y, Randall G, Deiters A. Transcriptional Inhibition of MicroRNA miR-122 by Small Molecules Reduces Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Liver Cells. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16338-16352. [PMID: 36449366 PMCID: PMC9942140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 22-24 nucleotides that are estimated to regulate thousands of genes in humans, and their dysregulation has been implicated in many diseases. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and has been linked to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Its role in these diseases renders miR-122 a potential target for small-molecule therapeutics. Here, we report the discovery of a new sulfonamide class of small-molecule miR-122 inhibitors from a high-throughput screen using a luciferase-based reporter assay. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and secondary assays led to the development of potent and selective miR-122 inhibitors. Preliminary mechanism-of-action studies suggest a role in the promoter-specific transcriptional inhibition of miR-122 expression through direct binding to the liver-enriched transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. Importantly, the developed inhibitors significantly reduce HCV replication in human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Emanuelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Nicholas Ankenbruck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Rohan Kumbhare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Meryl Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Colleen Connelly
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yasmine Baktash
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Glenn Randall
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Taguchi K, Elias BC, Sugahara S, Sant S, Freedman BS, Waikar SS, Pozzi A, Zent R, Harris RC, Parikh SM, Brooks CR. Cyclin G1 induces maladaptive proximal tubule cell dedifferentiation and renal fibrosis through CDK5 activation. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e158096. [PMID: 36453545 PMCID: PMC9711881 DOI: 10.1172/jci158096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately 13% of hospitalized patients and predisposes patients to chronic kidney disease (CKD) through the AKI-to-CKD transition. Studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that maladaptive repair of proximal tubule cells (PTCs), including induction of dedifferentiation, G2/M cell cycle arrest, senescence, and profibrotic cytokine secretion, is a key process promoting AKI-to-CKD transition, kidney fibrosis, and CKD progression. The molecular mechanisms governing maladaptive repair and the relative contribution of dedifferentiation, G2/M arrest, and senescence to CKD remain to be resolved. We identified cyclin G1 (CG1) as a factor upregulated in chronically injured and maladaptively repaired PTCs. We demonstrated that global deletion of CG1 inhibits G2/M arrest and fibrosis. Pharmacological induction of G2/M arrest in CG1-knockout mice, however, did not fully reverse the antifibrotic phenotype. Knockout of CG1 did not alter dedifferentiation and proliferation in the adaptive repair response following AKI. Instead, CG1 specifically promoted the prolonged dedifferentiation of kidney tubule epithelial cells observed in CKD. Mechanistically, CG1 promotes dedifferentiation through activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5). Deletion of CDK5 in kidney tubule cells did not prevent G2/M arrest but did inhibit dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Thus, CG1 and CDK5 represent a unique pathway that regulates maladaptive, but not adaptive, dedifferentiation, suggesting they could be therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Taguchi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bertha C. Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sho Sugahara
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Freedman
- Kidney Research Institute, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig R. Brooks
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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8
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Lu ZN, He HW, Zhang N. Advances in understanding the regulatory mechanism of organic solute transporter α-β. Life Sci 2022; 310:121109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li LL, Peng Z, Hu Q, Xu LJ, Zou X, Huang DM, Yi P. Berberine retarded the growth of gastric cancer xenograft tumors by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:842-857. [PMID: 35582103 PMCID: PMC9048536 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world and ranks second in incidence and mortality of cancers in China. Despite advances in prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, the absolute number of cases is increasing every year due to aging and the growth of high-risk populations, and gastric cancer is still a leading cause of cancer-related death. Gastric cancer is a consequence of the complex interaction of microbial agents, with environmental and host factors, resulting in the dysregulation of multiple oncogenic and tumor-suppressing signaling pathways. Global efforts have been made to investigate in detail the genomic and epigenomic heterogeneity of this disease, resulting in the identification of new specific and sensitive predictive and prognostic biomarkers. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor, is approved in the first-line treatment of patients with HER2+ tumors, which accounts for 13%-23% of the gastric cancer population. Ramucirumab, a monoclonal antibody against VEGFR2, is currently recommended in patients progressing after first-line treatment. Several clinical trials have also tested novel agents for advanced gastric cancer but mostly with disappointing results, such as anti-EGFR and anti-MET monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, it is still of great significance to screen specific molecular targets for gastric cancer and drugs directed against the molecular targets.
AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of berberine against tumor growth in gastric cancer xenograft models and to explore the role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-WNT5a/β-catenin pathways played in the antitumor effects of berberine.
METHODS MGC803 and SGC7901 subcutaneous xenograft models were established. The control group was intragastrically administrated with normal saline, and the berberine group was administrated intragastrically with 100 mg/kg/d berberine. The body weight of nude mice during the experiment was measured to assess whether berberine has any adverse reaction. The volume of subcutaneous tumors during this experiment was recorded to evaluate the inhibitory effect of berberine on the growth of MGC803 and SGC7901 subcutaneous transplantation tumors. Polymerase chain reaction assays were conducted to evaluate the alteration of transcriptional expression of HNF4α, WNT5a and β-catenin in tumor tissues and liver tissues from the MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft models. Western blotting and IHC were performed to assess the protein expression of HNF4α, WNT5a and β-catenin in tumor tissues and liver tissues from the MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft models.
RESULTS In the both MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models, berberine significantly reduced tumor volume and weight and thus retarded the growth rate of tumors. In the SGC7901 and MGC803 subcutaneously transplanted tumor models, berberine down-regulated the expression of HNF4α, WNT5a and β-catenin in tumor tissues from both transcription and protein levels. Besides, berberine also suppressed the protein expression of HNF4α, WNT5a and β-catenin in liver tissues.
CONCLUSION Berberine retarded the growth of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft model tumors, and the mechanism behind these anti-growth effects might be the downregulation of the expression of HNF4α-WNT5a/β-catenin signaling pathways both in tumor tissues and liver tissues of the xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Li Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ze Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dong-Mei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430045, Hubei Province, China
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Chen Y, Capello M, Rios Perez MV, Vykoukal JV, Roife D, Kang Y, Prakash LR, Katayama H, Irajizad E, Fleury A, Ferri-Borgogno S, Baluya DL, Dennison JB, Do KA, Fiehn O, Maitra A, Wang H, Chiao PJ, Katz MHG, Fleming JB, Hanash SM, Fahrmann JF. CES2 sustains HNF4α expression to promote pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression through an epoxide hydrolase-dependent regulatory loop. Mol Metab 2022; 56:101426. [PMID: 34971802 PMCID: PMC8841288 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intra-tumoral expression of the serine hydrolase carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) contributes to the activation of the pro-drug irinotecan in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Given other potential roles of CES2, we assessed its regulation, downstream effects, and contribution to tumor development in PDAC. METHODS Association between the mRNA expression of CES2 in pancreatic tumors and overall survival was assessed using The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell viability, clonogenic, and anchorage-independent growth assays as well as an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC were used to evaluate the biological relevance of CES2 in pancreatic cancer. CES2-driven metabolic changes were determined by untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses. RESULTS Elevated tumoral CES2 mRNA expression was a statistically significant predictor of poor overall survival in PDAC patients. Knockdown of CES2 in PDAC cells reduced cell viability, clonogenic capacity, and anchorage-independent growth in vitro and attenuated tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of PDAC. Mechanistically, CES2 was found to promote the catabolism of phospholipids resulting in HNF4α activation through a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-dependent pathway. Targeting of CES2 via siRNA or small molecule inhibitors attenuated HNF4α protein expression and reduced gene expression of classical/progenitor markers and increased basal-like markers. Targeting of the CES2-sEH-HNF4α axis using small molecule inhibitors of CES2 or sEH reduced cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We establish a novel regulatory loop between CES2 and HNF4α to sustain the progenitor subtype and promote PDAC progression and highlight the potential utility of CES2 or sEH inhibitors for the treatment of PDAC as part of non-irinotecan-containing regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Chen
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michela Capello
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mayrim V Rios Perez
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jody V Vykoukal
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Roife
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura R Prakash
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ehsan Irajizad
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alia Fleury
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Departments of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dodge L Baluya
- Departments of Center for Radiation Oncology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer B Dennison
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Departments of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- UC Davis Genome Center - Metabolomics, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Departments of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Departments of Anatomical Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew H G Katz
- Departments of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- Departments of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Bellido Molias F, Sim A, Leong KW, An O, Song Y, Ng VHE, Lim MWJ, Ying C, Teo JXJ, Göke J, Chen L. Antisense RNAs Influence Promoter Usage of Their Counterpart Sense Genes in Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5849-5861. [PMID: 34649947 PMCID: PMC9397637 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple noncoding natural antisense transcripts (ncNAT) are known to modulate key biological events such as cell growth or differentiation. However, the actual impact of ncNATs on cancer progression remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a complete list of differentially expressed ncNATs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Among them, a previously undescribed ncNAT HNF4A-AS1L suppressed cancer cell growth by regulating its sense gene HNF4A, a well-known cancer driver, through a promoter-specific mechanism. HNF4A-AS1L selectively activated the HNF4A P1 promoter via HNF1A, which upregulated expression of tumor suppressor P1-driven isoforms, while having no effect on the oncogenic P2 promoter. RNA-seq data from 23 tissue and cancer types identified approximately 100 ncNATs whose expression correlated specifically with the activity of one promoter of their associated sense gene. Silencing of two of these ncNATs ENSG00000259357 and ENSG00000255031 (antisense to CERS2 and CHKA, respectively) altered the promoter usage of CERS2 and CHKA. Altogether, these results demonstrate that promoter-specific regulation is a mechanism used by ncNATs for context-specific control of alternative isoform expression of their counterpart sense genes. SIGNIFICANCE: This study characterizes a previously unexplored role of ncNATs in regulation of isoform expression of associated sense genes, highlighting a mechanism of alternative promoter usage in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Sim
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Wai Leong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yangyang Song
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Hui En Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Max Wei Jie Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Ying
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmin Xin Jia Teo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Göke
- Computational and Systems Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Corresponding Authors: Leilei Chen, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, S117599 Singapore. Phone: 65-6516-8435; Fax: 65-6516-1873; E-mail: ; and Jonathan Göke,
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,Corresponding Authors: Leilei Chen, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, #12-01, S117599 Singapore. Phone: 65-6516-8435; Fax: 65-6516-1873; E-mail: ; and Jonathan Göke,
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12
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Jiang S, Tanaka T, Yagami R, Hasegawa G, Umezu H, Fujiyoshi Y, Kodama T, Naito M, Ajioka Y. Immunohistochemical detection of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α in vertebrates. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2906-2914. [PMID: 34196449 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) presents in multiple isoforms generated using alternative promoter (P1 and P2) and splicing. Neither conservation of tissue distribution of HNF4α isoforms, nor presence of alternative promoter usage is known. In this study, to detect the expression of HNF4α in some species of animals, we have applied monoclonal antibodies against P1 (K9218) and P2 (H6939) promoter-driven and P1/P2 promoter-driven H1415 HNF4α for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Antibody K9218 was observed in the hepatocytes, proximal tubules of the kidney, and epithelial cells in the mucosa of the small intestine and colon of rats, chicken, and tortoise, whereas antibody H6939 signal were detected in the stomach, pancreas, bile duct, and pancreatic duct of human and rats. The signal for antibody K9218 was recognized in tissues of a wide range of mammals, bird, reptile, amphibian, and fish as well. Antibody H1415 displayed a positive reaction in hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells in chicken and tortoise, whereas the bile duct, mucosal epithelial cells in the stomach, or pancreas in these animals were negative. Western blotting showed the binding of the antibody with HNF4α protein from each animal. The sequence of human HNF4α was 100% identical to murine and rat HNF4α, 88.9% to chicken, 77.8% to Xenopus HNF4α, and 81.5% to medaka. However, the specific part of human and invertebrate Drosophila HNF4 shares only 14.8% sequence identity. This antibody is useful for detecting HNF4α isoforms in a wide range of vertebrates, and suggests many insights into animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Jiang
- Niigata College of Medical Technology, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate Scholl of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ren Yagami
- Division of International Health (Public Health) Graduate Scholl of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Go Hasegawa
- Division of Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Umezu
- Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukio Fujiyoshi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naito
- Department of Pathology, Niigata Medical Center, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate Scholl of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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13
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Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
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14
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He Y, Chen L, Chen K, Sun Y. Immunohistochemical analysis of HNF4A and β-catenin expression to predict low-grade dysplasia in the colitis-neoplastic sequence. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:94-101. [PMID: 33300557 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal studies indicated that P1 promoter-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HFN4A) prevents carcinogenesis in colitis. But the function of total HNF4A protein has not been fully investigated, and it was assumed to be involved in the colitis-neoplastic sequence. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical value of total P1-/P2-driven HNF4A combined with β-catenin in the colitis-neoplastic sequence. A total of 69 samples, including 4 normal colon tissues, 16 sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, 35 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) tissues, and 14 IBD-associated low-grade dysplasia tissues, were collected to assess P1-/P2-driven HNF4A and β-catenin expressions by immunohistochemical assay. In addition, a colonic epithelial cell line Caco2 with stable P1-/P2-driven HNF4A knockdown was constructed. β-Catenin expression and skeleton structure were determined in the transfected cells by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay respectively. Increased expression of nuclear P1-/P2-driven HNF4A was observed in the colitis-associated colorectal neoplasm and sporadic CRC samples, compared with that in colitis samples. The parallel alterations between cytoplasmic β-catenin and nuclear P1-/P2-driven HNF4A were also verified. Silencing of P1-/P2-driven HNF4A expression in Caco2 cells decreased β-catenin expression and F-actin formation. Our results confirmed the elevated expressions of nuclear P1-/P2-driven HNF4A and cytoplasmic β-catenin in the colitis-neoplastic sequence, and both of them may be used as potential biomarkers to predict low-grade dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping He
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lezong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunwei Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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15
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Lv DD, Zhou LY, Tang H. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and cancer-related cell signaling pathways: a promising insight into cancer treatment. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:8-18. [PMID: 33462379 PMCID: PMC8080681 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is described as a protein that binds to the promoters of specific genes. It controls the expression of functional genes and is also involved in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. A large number of studies have demonstrated that HNF4α is involved in many human malignancies. Abnormal expression of HNF4α is emerging as a critical factor in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, dedifferentiation, and metastasis. In this review, we present emerging insights into the roles of HNF4α in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of cancer; reveal various mechanisms of HNF4α in cancer (e.g., the Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and transforming growth factor β signaling pathways); and highlight potential clinical uses of HNF4α as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo-Duo Lv
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Meijer I, Willems S, Ni X, Heering J, Chaikuad A, Merk D. Chemical Starting Matter for HNF4α Ligand Discovery and Chemogenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7895. [PMID: 33114319 PMCID: PMC7660650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a ligand-sensing transcription factor and presents as a potential drug target in metabolic diseases and cancer. In humans, mutations in the HNF4α gene cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and the elevated activity of this protein has been associated with gastrointestinal cancers. Despite the high therapeutic potential, available ligands and structure-activity relationship knowledge for this nuclear receptor are scarce. Here, we disclose a chemically diverse collection of orthogonally validated fragment-like activators as well as inverse agonists, which modulate HNF4α activity in a low micromolar range. These compounds demonstrate the druggability of HNF4α and thus provide a starting point for medicinal chemistry as well as an early tool for chemogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Meijer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (I.M.); (S.W.); (X.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (I.M.); (S.W.); (X.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (I.M.); (S.W.); (X.N.); (A.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (I.M.); (S.W.); (X.N.); (A.C.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium, BMLS, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; (I.M.); (S.W.); (X.N.); (A.C.)
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17
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Marchesin V, Pérez-Martí A, Le Meur G, Pichler R, Grand K, Klootwijk ED, Kesselheim A, Kleta R, Lienkamp S, Simons M. Molecular Basis for Autosomal-Dominant Renal Fanconi Syndrome Caused by HNF4A. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4407-4421.e5. [PMID: 31875549 PMCID: PMC6941224 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HNF4A is a nuclear hormone receptor that binds DNA as an obligate homodimer. While all known human heterozygous mutations are associated with the autosomal-dominant diabetes form MODY1, one particular mutation (p.R85W) in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) causes additional renal Fanconi syndrome (FRTS). Here, we find that expression of the conserved fly ortholog dHNF4 harboring the FRTS mutation in Drosophila nephrocytes caused nuclear depletion and cytosolic aggregation of a wild-type dHNF4 reporter protein. While the nuclear depletion led to mitochondrial defects and lipid droplet accumulation, the cytosolic aggregates triggered the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), autophagy, and eventually cell death. The latter effects could be fully rescued by preventing nuclear export through interfering with serine phosphorylation in the DBD. Our data describe a genomic and a non-genomic mechanism for FRTS in HNF4A-associated MODY1 with important implications for the renal proximal tubule and the regulation of other nuclear hormone receptors. HNF4 controls lipid metabolism in Drosophila nephrocytes The kidney disease mutation R85W shows dominant-negative effects in nephrocytes Dephosphorylation at S87 prevents the dominant-negative effects R85W mutation causes mitochondrial dysfunction in reprogrammed renal epithelial cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marchesin
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Albert Pérez-Martí
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gwenn Le Meur
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roman Pichler
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kelli Grand
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enriko D Klootwijk
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Anne Kesselheim
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Soeren Lienkamp
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matias Simons
- INSERM UMR1163, Laboratory of Epithelial Biology and Disease, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France.
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18
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Ng NHJ, Jasmen JB, Lim CS, Lau HH, Krishnan VG, Kadiwala J, Kulkarni RN, Ræder H, Vallier L, Hoon S, Teo AKK. HNF4A Haploinsufficiency in MODY1 Abrogates Liver and Pancreas Differentiation from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2019; 16:192-205. [PMID: 31195238 PMCID: PMC6562146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1) is a monogenic diabetes condition caused by heterozygous HNF4A mutations. We investigate how HNF4A haploinsufficiency from a MODY1/HNF4A mutation influences the development of foregut-derived liver and pancreatic cells through differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from a MODY1 family down the foregut lineage. In MODY1-derived hepatopancreatic progenitors, which expressed reduced HNF4A levels and mislocalized HNF4A, foregut genes were downregulated, whereas hindgut-specifying HOX genes were upregulated. MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like cells were found to exhibit altered morphology. Hepatic and β cell gene signatures were also perturbed in MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like and β-like cells, respectively. As mutant HNF4A (p.Ile271fs) did not undergo complete nonsense-mediated decay or exert dominant negativity, HNF4A-mediated loss of function is likely due to impaired transcriptional activation of target genes. Our results suggest that in MODY1, liver and pancreas development is perturbed early on, contributing to altered hepatic proteins and β cell defects in patients. HNF4A is downregulated and predominantly mislocalized in the cytoplasm in MODY1 Foregut markers, pancreatic and hepatic genes, were downregulated in MODY1-HPPs A reciprocal upregulation of hindgut HOX genes was observed in MODY1-HPPs Mutant HNF4A resulted in loss of transcriptional activation of target genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Joanita Binte Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Juned Kadiwala
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
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19
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Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α regulates megalin expression in proximal tubular cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 17:87-92. [PMID: 30582012 PMCID: PMC6295598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and upregulates expression of many genes in the liver, pancreas, small intestine, and colon. HNF4α is also highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in kidney. PTECs reabsorb various substances through transporters, ion channels, and receptors, but the target genes for HNF4α in PTECs have not been investigated in detail. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel HNF4α target genes that are highly expressed in PTECs. Expression of many solute carrier transporter genes was upregulated by HNF4α in human PTEC-derived HK-2 cells. Notably, expression of megalin (LRP2), an endocytic receptor of various molecules involved in development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), was strongly induced by HNF4α, and the transactivation potential of the megalin promoter was dependent on HNF4α expression. Moreover, HNF4α was found to directly bind to an HNF4α binding site near the transcription start site in the megalin gene. These results indicate that HNF4α plays an important role in maintaining reabsorption and metabolism in PTECs by positive regulation of several solute carrier transporter and megalin genes at the transcriptional level. HNF4α upregulates expression of several SLC transporters that are highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells. HNF4α upregulates expression of magalin, multifunctional endocytic receptor in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Transactivation of megalin gene is dependent on HNF4α expression and an HNF4α binding site in the megalin promoter.
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20
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The molecular functions of hepatocyte nuclear factors - In and beyond the liver. J Hepatol 2018; 68:1033-1048. [PMID: 29175243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) namely HNF1α/β, FOXA1/2/3, HNF4α/γ and ONECUT1/2 are expressed in a variety of tissues and organs, including the liver, pancreas and kidney. The spatial and temporal manner of HNF expression regulates embryonic development and subsequently the development of multiple tissues during adulthood. Though the HNFs were initially identified individually based on their roles in the liver, numerous studies have now revealed that the HNFs cross-regulate one another and exhibit synergistic relationships in the regulation of tissue development and function. The complex HNF transcriptional regulatory networks have largely been elucidated in rodent models, but less so in human biological systems. Several heterozygous mutations in these HNFs were found to cause diseases in humans but not in rodents, suggesting clear species-specific differences in mutational mechanisms that remain to be uncovered. In this review, we compare and contrast the expression patterns of the HNFs, the HNF cross-regulatory networks and how these liver-enriched transcription factors serve multiple functions in the liver and beyond, extending our focus to the pancreas and kidney. We also summarise the insights gained from both human and rodent studies of mutations in several HNFs that are known to lead to different disease conditions.
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21
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Valentino F, Torchio M, Morbini P, Danova M. Synchronous Presentation of Hepatoid Alpha-Fetoprotein-Producing Lung Cancer and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synchronous presentation of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma in a patient with elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels. Our patient was treated after surgery with a conventional chemotherapy regimen including bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody, which was demonstrated to improve the clinical results in the treatment of colorectal and lung cancer compared with chemotherapy alone, and is today approved both for colon and lung cancer. Besides the unconventional association of the two cancer types in our patient and the unsatisfactory clinical benefit obtained with the medical treatment administered, we report on the significance of AFP serum levels as a tumor marker in this peculiar situation. In our patient these levels, monitored from the first clinical symptoms through the last chemotherapy course, did not show any correlation with the response to treatment or with the patient's overall outcome. In particular, the serum marker remained essentially unchanged after the surgical removal of the lung mass and the subsequent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valentino
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Torchio
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Morbini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Danova
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Prestin K, Hussner J, Ferreira C, Seibert I, Breitung V, Zimmermann U, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. Regulation of PDZ domain-containing 1 (PDZK1) expression by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF1α) in human kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F973-F983. [PMID: 28724612 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00650.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the renal proximal tubule the secretion and reabsorption of glomerularly filtrated compounds is realized by a functional network of uptake and efflux transporters. The activity and localization of several transporters expressed at the apical tubular membrane are regulated by the membrane-associated protein PDZ domain-containing 1 (PDZK1). We aimed to characterize the transcriptional regulation of this modulator of renal transport. Coexpression analyses of PDZK1 and putative regulators were performed using human kidney samples. Protein and mRNA expression of PDZK1 in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells after adenoviral transfer and siRNA knockdown of transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF1α) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Transactivation of the PDZK1 promoter was quantified in cell-based reporter gene assays. Subsequently, the binding of HNF1α to the PDZK1 promoter was verified by in silico analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. HNF1α positively regulated the promoter activity of PDZK1. Adenoviral overexpression of HNF1α in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC) increased PDZK1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas siRNA knockdown of HNF1α resulted in decreased expression of PDZK1. Our results show that HNF1α, which has previously been described as a modulator of several transporters of the renal transportosome, is also a key determinant of PDZK1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Prestin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Janine Hussner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Celio Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Isabell Seibert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Vivien Breitung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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23
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Hu Q, Yi P. Gastric cancer associated signaling pathways and interventions. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:576-583. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i7.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and main traditional treatments are surgery and chemotherapy. However, since the majority of cases of gastric cancer are diagnosed in the late stage, the best chance of operation has been missed. What's more, some cases are not sensitive to chemotherapy. Therefore, the management of metastasis and spread of gastric cancer is a big challenge. With the development of medical molecular biology, more and more signaling pathways have been elucidated. Blocking these signaling pathways may reverse cancer occurrence and development, improve the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy, and prevent cancer cell metastasis. This article reviews the signaling pathways closely related to gastric cancer, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, AMPK pathway, NF-kappa B-COX-2 pathway and HNF4a-Wnt pathway, with an aim to provide new clues to the clinical treatment of this malignancy.
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24
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Farkas AE, Hilgarth RS, Capaldo CT, Gerner-Smidt C, Powell DR, Vertino PM, Koval M, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. HNF4α regulates claudin-7 protein expression during intestinal epithelial differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 26216285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a dynamic barrier that maintains the distinct environments of intestinal tissue and lumen. Epithelial barrier function is defined principally by tight junctions, which, in turn, depend on the regulated expression of claudin family proteins. Claudins are expressed differentially during intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) differentiation. However, regulatory mechanisms governing claudin expression during epithelial differentiation are incompletely understood. We investigated the molecular mechanisms regulating claudin-7 during IEC differentiation. Claudin-7 expression is increased as epithelial cells differentiate along the intestinal crypt-luminal axis. By using model IECs we observed increased claudin-7 mRNA and nascent heteronuclear RNA levels during differentiation. A screen for potential regulators of the CLDN7 gene during IEC differentiation was performed using a transcription factor/DNA binding array, CLDN7 luciferase reporters, and in silico promoter analysis. We identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α as a regulatory factor that bound endogenous CLDN7 promoter in differentiating IECs and stimulated CLDN7 promoter activity. These findings support a role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α in controlling claudin-7 expression during IEC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila E Farkas
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roland S Hilgarth
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christopher T Capaldo
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christian Gerner-Smidt
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Doris R Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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25
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Xu Y, Zalzala M, Xu J, Li Y, Yin L, Zhang Y. A metabolic stress-inducible miR-34a-HNF4α pathway regulates lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7466. [PMID: 26100857 PMCID: PMC4479415 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases, but its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we show that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), a liver-enriched nuclear hormone receptor, is markedly inhibited whereas miR-34a is highly induced in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic mice and mice fed a high fat diet. miR-34a is essential for HNF4α expression and regulates triglyceride accumulation in human and murine hepatocytes. miR-34a inhibits very low-density lipoprotein secretion and promotes liver steatosis and hypolipidemia in an HNF4α-dependent manner. As a result, increased miR-34a or reduced HNF4α expression in the liver attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in Apoe−/− or Ldlr−/− mice. These data indicate that the miR-34a-HNF4α pathway is activated under common conditions of metabolic stress and may have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and in regulating plasma lipoprotein metabolism. Targeting this pathway may represent a novel approach for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Munaf Zalzala
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Jiesi Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
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26
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Wang Y, Chaudhari S, Ren Y, Ma R. Impairment of hepatic nuclear factor-4α binding to the Stim1 promoter contributes to high glucose-induced upregulation of STIM1 expression in glomerular mesangial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1135-45. [PMID: 25786776 PMCID: PMC4437002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00563.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate if hepatic nuclear factor (HNF)4α contributed to the high glucose-induced increase in stromal interacting molecule (STIM)1 protein abundance in glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). Western blot and immunofluorescence experiments showed HNF4α expression in MCs. Knockdown of HNF4α using a small interfering RNA approach significantly increased mRNA expression levels of both STIM1 and Orai1 and protein expression levels of STIM1 in cultured human MCs. Consistently, overexpression of HNF4α reduced expressed STIM1 protein expression in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Furthermore, high glucose treatment did not significantly change the abundance of HNF4α protein in MCs but significantly attenuated HNF4α binding activity to the Stim1 promoter. Moreover, knockdown of HNF4α significantly augmented store-operated Ca(2+) entry, which is known to be gated by STIM1 and has recently been found to be antifibrotic in MCs. In agreement with those results, knockdown of HNF4α significantly attenuated the fibrotic response of high glucose. These results suggest that HNF4α negatively regulates STIM1 transcription in MCs. High glucose increases STIM1 expression levels by impairing HNF4α binding activity to the Stim1 promoter, which subsequently releases Stim1 transcription from HNF4α repression. Since the STIM1-gated store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway in MCs has an antifibrotic effect, inhibition of HNF4α in MCs might be a potential therapeutic option for diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Wang
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
| | - Yuezhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas; and
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27
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Zolfaghari R, Ross AC. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in coordination with retinoic acid receptors increases all-trans-retinoic acid-dependent CYP26A1 gene expression in HepG2 human hepatocytes. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1740-51. [PMID: 24819304 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CYP26A1 expression is very highly induced by retinoic acid (RA) in the liver, compared to most other tissues, suggesting that a liver-enriched factor may be required for its physiological transcriptional response. HNF4α is a highly conserved liver-specific/enriched member of nuclear receptor superfamily. In this study, we hypothesized that HNF4α and RARs may cooperate in an RA-dependent manner to induce a high level of CYP26A1 expression in liver cells. Partial inhibition of endogenous HNF4α by siRNA reduced the level of RA-induced CYP26A1 mRNA in HepG2 cells. Cotransfection of HNF4α, with or without RARs, demonstrated RA-dependent activation of a human CYP26A1 promoter-luciferase construct. Analysis of a 2.5-kbp putative CYP26A1 promoter sequence identified five potential HNF4α DNA response elements: H1 located in a proximal region overlapping with an RAR element-1 (RARE1 or R1); H2 and H3 in the distal region, close to RARE2 (R2) and RARE3 (R3); and H4 and H5 in intermediary regions. In EMSA and ChIP analyses HNF4α and RARs binding in the proximal and distal CYP26A1 promoter regions was significantly higher in RA-treated cells. Mutational analysis of the individual HNF4α DNA-response elements identified H1 as the major site for HNF4α binding because mutation of H1 inhibited the promoter activity by ~90%, followed by H2 mutation with less than 40% inhibition. Our results indicate that HNF4α coordinates with RARs in an RA-dependent manner to strongly induce CYP26A1 gene expression in the liver, which may explain the high level of response to RA observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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28
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Yao HS, Wang J, Zhang XP, Wang LZ, Wang Y, Li XX, Jin KZ, Hu ZQ, Wang WJ. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α suppresses the aggravation of colon carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:458-72. [PMID: 25808746 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hou Shan Yao
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Xiao Ping Zhang
- Medical Intervention Engineering; Tongji University; North Zhongshan Road; Shanghai China
| | - Liang Zhe Wang
- Department of pathology; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Xin Xing Li
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Kai Zhou Jin
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Zhi Qian Hu
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
| | - Wei Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery; Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital; Second Military Medical University; 415 Feng Yang Road; Shanghai China
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29
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Marumo T, Yagi S, Kawarazaki W, Nishimoto M, Ayuzawa N, Watanabe A, Ueda K, Hirahashi J, Hishikawa K, Sakurai H, Shiota K, Fujita T. Diabetes Induces Aberrant DNA Methylation in the Proximal Tubules of the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2388-97. [PMID: 25653098 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may underlie the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Because the kidney is a heterogeneous organ with different cell types, we investigated DNA methylation status of the kidney in a cell type-specific manner. We first identified genes specifically demethylated in the normal proximal tubules obtained from control db/m mice, and next delineated the candidate disease-modifying genes bearing aberrant DNA methylation induced by diabetes using db/db mice. Genes involved in glucose metabolism, including Sglt2, Pck1, and G6pc, were selectively hypomethylated in the proximal tubules in control mice. Hnf4a, a transcription factor regulating transporters for reabsorption, was also selectively demethylated. In diabetic mice, aberrant hypomethylation of Agt, Abcc4, Cyp4a10, Glut5, and Met and hypermethylation of Kif20b, Cldn18, and Slco1a1 were observed. Time-dependent demethylation of Agt, a marker of diabetic kidney disease, was accompanied by histone modification changes. Furthermore, inhibition of DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase increased Agt mRNA in cultured human proximal tubular cells. Aberrant DNA methylation and concomitant changes in histone modifications and mRNA expression in the diabetic kidney were resistant to antidiabetic treatment with pioglitazone. These results suggest that an epigenetic switch involving aberrant DNA methylation causes persistent mRNA expression of select genes that may lead to phenotype changes of the proximal tubules in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Marumo
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, and
| | - Wakako Kawarazaki
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishimoto
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Nobuhiro Ayuzawa
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Junichi Hirahashi
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Keiichi Hishikawa
- Department of Advanced Nephrology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunio Shiota
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Animal Resource Sciences/Veterinary Medical Sciences, and
| | - Toshiro Fujita
- Division of Clinical Epigenetics, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan;
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30
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Xiang X, Zhao X, Qu H, Li D, Yang D, Pu J, Mei H, Zhao J, Huang K, Zheng L, Tong Q. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha promotes the invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of neuroblastoma cells via targeting matrix metalloproteinase 14. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:187-97. [PMID: 25592038 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) is the only membrane-anchored MMP that plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and aggressiveness. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the high MMP-14 expression in neuroblastoma (NB), a highly malignant tumor in childhood, still remain unclear. Herein, we applied an integrative approach to analyze the public datasets, and identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) as a crucial transcription factor facilitating the MMP-14 expression in NB. In clinical NB tissues, HNF4α was up-regulated and positively correlated with MMP-14 expression, and was an independent prognostic factor for unfavorable outcome of patients. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that HNF4α directly targeted the binding site within the MMP-14 promoter to facilitate its transcription. Knockdown of HNF4α suppressed the invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of NB cells in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, ectopic expression of HNF4α promoted the invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis of NB cells. Importantly, restoration of MMP-14 expression prevented the tumor cells from HNF4α-mediated changes in these biological features. Taken together, HNF4α exhibits oncogenic activity that affects the aggressiveness and angiogenesis of NB through activating the transcription of MMP-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongxia Qu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiarui Pu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jihe Zhao
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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31
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Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is an orphan nuclear receptor commonly known as the master regulator of hepatic differentiation, owing to the large number of hepatocyte-specific genes it regulates. Whereas the role of HNF4α in hepatocyte differentiation is well recognized and extensively studied, its role in regulation of cell proliferation is relatively less known. Recent studies have revealed that HNF4α inhibits proliferation not only of hepatocytes but also cells in colon and kidney. Further, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that inhibition or loss of HNF4α promotes tumorigenesis in the liver and colon, and reexpression of HNF4α results in decreased cancer growth. Studies using tissue-specific conditional knockout mice, knock-in studies, and combinatorial bioinformatics of RNA/ChIP-sequencing data indicate that the mechanisms of HNF4α-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation are multifold, involving epigenetic repression of promitogenic genes, significant cross talk with other cell cycle regulators including c-Myc and cyclin D1, and regulation of miRNAs. Furthermore, studies indicate that posttranslational modifications of HNF4α may change its activity and may be at the core of its dual role as a differentiation factor and repressor of proliferation. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of HNF4α in cell proliferation and highlights the newly understood function of this old receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Walesky
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- †Department of Medicine – Genetics Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- *Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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32
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Tajima S, Waki M, Tsuchiya T, Hoshi S. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing undifferentiated carcinoma of the colon mimicking a pulmonary giant cell carcinoma: a case showing overexpression of CD44 along with highly proliferating nestin-positive tumor vessels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7034-7041. [PMID: 25400792 PMCID: PMC4230158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing tumors are known for their aggressive behavior. Only four cases of G-CSF-producing colorectal carcinoma have been previously reported. Herein, we present a case of an undifferentiated carcinoma of the descending colon showing G-CSF production and giant cell carcinoma morphology in a 93-year-old woman. A tumor with a diameter of 80 mm was identified in the descending colon via computed tomography. Descending colectomy was performed involving the abdominal wall where tumor invasion was observed. The white blood cell count, which was elevated before resection, decreased to normal levels after intervention. However, local recurrence at the resected site was detected 39 days after surgery. Upon recurrence, increased white blood cell counts and serum G-CSF were seen. The patient died because of respiratory failure 98 days after colectomy. By using immunohistochemistry, G-CSF expression was detected in tumor cells in the resected specimen, along with overexpression of CD44 and highly proliferating nestin-positive tumor vessels. The poor clinical outcome of this patient is consistent with previous reports that the expression of these three molecules predict poor prognosis. While G-CSF can be a therapeutic target considering its auto/paracrine function to induce tumor growth via the G-CSF receptor, CD44 and nestin may also be possible candidate therapeutic targets. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy of treatments targeting these three molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tajima
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Michihiko Waki
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgery, Shizuoka Saiseikai General HospitalShizuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Hoshi
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General HospitalShizuoka, Japan
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33
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Tavares-Sanchez OL, Rodriguez C, Gortares-Moroyoqui P, Estrada MI. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, a multifunctional nuclear receptor associated with cardiovascular disease and cholesterol catabolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:126-139. [PMID: 24848804 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.915015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, are associated with high plasma cholesterol levels. The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids (BAs) accounts for about 50% of total cholesterol elimination from the body. This phenomenon occurs in the liver and is regulated by nuclear receptors such as hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α). Therefore, special emphasis is given to HNF-4α properties and its multifunctional role, particularly in the conversion of cholesterol to BAs. HNF-4α is a highly conserved transcription factor that has the potential capacity to transactivate a vast number of genes, including CYP7 which codes for cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1; EC 1.14.13.17), the rate-limiting enzyme of BA biosynthesis. The fact that HNF-4α transactivation potential can be modulated via phosporylation is of particular interest. Additional findings on structural and functional characteristics of HNF-4α may eventually present alternatives to control the levels of cholesterol in the body and consequently reduce the risk of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lidia Tavares-Sanchez
- a Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias , Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora , Ciudad Obregón , Mexico
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34
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Direct evidence for pitavastatin induced chromatin structure change in the KLF4 gene in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96005. [PMID: 24797675 PMCID: PMC4010393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins exert atheroprotective effects through the induction of specific transcriptional factors in multiple organs. In endothelial cells, statin-dependent atheroprotective gene up-regulation is mediated by Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family transcription factors. To dissect the mechanism of gene regulation, we sought to determine molecular targets by performing microarray analyses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with pitavastatin, and KLF4 was determined to be the most highly induced gene. In addition, it was revealed that the atheroprotective genes induced with pitavastatin, such as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and thrombomodulin (THBD), were suppressed by KLF4 knockdown. Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family activation is reported to be involved in pitavastatin-dependent KLF4 induction. We focused on MEF2C among the MEF2 family members and identified a novel functional MEF2C binding site 148 kb upstream of the KLF4 gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation along with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) followed by luciferase assay. By applying whole genome and quantitative chromatin conformation analysis {chromatin interaction analysis with paired end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and real time chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay}, we observed that the MEF2C-bound enhancer and transcription start site (TSS) of KLF4 came into closer spatial proximity by pitavastatin treatment. 3D-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging supported the conformational change in individual cells. Taken together, dynamic chromatin conformation change was shown to mediate pitavastatin-responsive gene induction in endothelial cells.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform comprehensive network and pathway analyses of the genes known to cause genetic hearing loss. STUDY DESIGN In silico analysis of deafness genes using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). METHODS Genes relevant for hearing and deafness were identified through PubMed literature searches and the Hereditary Hearing Loss Homepage. The genes were assembled into 3 groups: 63 genes that cause nonsyndromic deafness, 107 genes that cause nonsyndromic or syndromic sensorineural deafness, and 112 genes associated with otic capsule development and malformations. Each group of genes was analyzed using IPA to discover the most interconnected, that is, "nodal" molecules, within the most statistically significant networks (p < 10). RESULTS The number of networks that met our criterion for significance was 1 for Group 1 and 2 for Groups 2 and 3. Nodal molecules of these networks were as follows: transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) for Group 1, MAPK3/MAPK1 MAP kinase (ERK 1/2) and the G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) for Group 2, and TGFB1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) for Group 3. The nodal molecules included not only those known to be associated with deafness (GPCR), or with predisposition to otosclerosis (TGFB1), but also novel genes that have not been described in the cochlea (HNF4A) and signaling kinases (ERK 1/2). CONCLUSION A number of molecules that are likely to be key mediators of genetic hearing loss were identified through three different network and pathway analyses. The molecules included new candidate genes for deafness. Therapies targeting these molecules may be useful to treat deafness.
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Kiselyuk A, Lee SH, Farber-Katz S, Zhang M, Athavankar S, Cohen T, Pinkerton AB, Ye M, Bushway P, Richardson AD, Hostetler HA, Rodriguez-Lee M, Huang L, Spangler B, Smith L, Higginbotham J, Cashman J, Freeze H, Itkin-Ansari P, Dawson MI, Schroeder F, Cang Y, Mercola M, Levine F. HNF4α antagonists discovered by a high-throughput screen for modulators of the human insulin promoter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:806-18. [PMID: 22840769 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)4α is a central regulator of gene expression in cell types that play a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, including hepatocytes, enterocytes, and pancreatic β cells. Although fatty acids were found to occupy the HNF4α ligand-binding pocket and were proposed to act as ligands, there is controversy about both the nature of HNF4α ligands as well as the physiological role of the binding. Here, we report the discovery of potent synthetic HNF4α antagonists through a high-throughput screen for effectors of the human insulin promoter. These molecules bound to HNF4α with high affinity and modulated the expression of known HNF4α target genes. Notably, they were found to be selectively cytotoxic to cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo, although in vivo potency was limited by suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties. The discovery of bioactive modulators for HNF4α raises the possibility that diseases involving HNF4α, such as diabetes and cancer, might be amenable to pharmacologic intervention by modulation of HNF4α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kiselyuk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Avior Y, Bomze D, Ramon O, Nahmias Y. Flavonoids as dietary regulators of nuclear receptor activity. Food Funct 2013; 4:831-44. [PMID: 23598551 PMCID: PMC3781338 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia are a rising cause of mortality worldwide. The progression of many metabolic diseases is fundamentally regulated on the transcriptional level by a family of ligand-activated transcription factors, called nuclear receptors, which detect and respond to metabolic changes. Their role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis makes nuclear receptors an important pharmaceutical and dietary target. This review will present the growing evidence that flavonoids, natural secondary plant metabolites, are important regulators of nuclear receptor activity. Structural similarities between flavonoids and cholesterol derivatives combined with the promiscuous nature of most nuclear receptors provide a wealth of possibilities for pharmaceutical and dietary modulation of metabolism. While the challenges of bringing flavonoid-derived therapeutics to the market are significant, we consider this rapidly growing field to be an essential aspect of the functional food initiative and an important mine for pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishai Avior
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus (Givat Ram), Silberman 3-512, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - David Bomze
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ory Ramon
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus (Givat Ram), Silberman 3-512, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus (Givat Ram), Silberman 3-512, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Honma M, Kozawa M, Suzuki H. Methods for the quantitative evaluation and prediction of CYP enzyme induction using human in vitro systems. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 5:491-511. [PMID: 22823132 DOI: 10.1517/17460441003762717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD For successful drug development, it is important to investigate the potency of candidate drugs causing drug-drug interactions (DDI) during the early stages of development. The most common mechanisms of DDIs are the inhibition and induction of CYP enzymes. Therefore, it is important to develop co.mpounds with lower potencies for CYP enzyme induction. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The aim of the present paper is to present an overview of the current knowledge of CYP induction mechanisms, particularly focusing on the transcriptional gene activation mediated by pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and constitutive androstane receptor. The adoptable options of in vitro assay methods for evaluating CYP induction are also summarized. Finally, we introduce a method for the quantitative prediction of CYP3A4 induction considering the turnover of CYP3A4 mRNA and protein in hepatocytes based on the data obtained from a reporter gene assay. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN In order to predict in vivo CYP enzyme induction quantitatively based on in vitro information, an understanding of the physiological induction mechanisms and the features of each in vitro assay system is essential. We also present the estimation method of in vivo CYP induction potency of each compound based on the in vitro data which are routinely obtained but not necessarily utilized maximally in pharmaceutical companies. TAKE HOME MESSAGE It is desirable to select compounds with lower potencies for the inductive effect. For this purpose, an accurate prioritization procedure to evaluate the induction potency of each compound in a quantitative manner considering the pharmacologically effective concentration of each compound is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Honma
- The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan +81 3 3815 5411 ; +81 3 3816 6159 ;
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Fujiyoshi Y, Jiang S, Feng X. Intramucosal stomach adenocarcinoma metastasizing as a large intraabdominal mass with focal choriocarcinomatous differentiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2012; 5:845-851. [PMID: 23071868 PMCID: PMC3466988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of gastric intramucosal adenocarcinoma giving rise to a large metastatic intraabdominal mass with focal choriocarcinomatous differentiation. The main histological picture of the surgically resected abdominal tumor was well differentiated adenocarcinoma with focal choriocarcinomatous differentiation. Serum hCGβ level showed 710mIU/dl postoperatively, and the gastric lesion featured small foci of well differentiated adenocarcinoma in adenoma with no choriocarcinomatous differentiation. The origin of the abdominal tumor was the main point of question. HNF4α is a transcription factor of embryonic liver differentiation, whose distribution is restricted to hepatocytes and certain neoplastic tissue including gastric adenocarcinoma. Hep Par 1 is originally developed for the discrimination of hepatocellular carcinoma, but a part of gastric adenocarcinoma also shows positive staining. Immunostaining with panel of antibodies for CK7, CK20, HNF4α, and Hep-Par1 showed pattern of gastric adenocarcinoma, and a diagnosis of a very rare intramucosal gastric adenocarcinoma metastatic to the abdominal cavity was established. Diagnostic utility of the panels of above antibodies for discrimination of the tumor origin was confirmed, and the relation between the metastatic ability of the gastric adenocarcinoma and its choriocarcinomatous differentiation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Fujiyoshi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Medical School Nagoya, Japan.
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Abstract
Diverse aetiologies result in significant deviation from homoeostasis in the kidney, leading to CKD (chronic kidney disease). CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease principally as a result of renal fibrosis, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this fibrotic process are still poorly understood. miRNAs (microRNAs) are a recently discovered family of endogenous short single-stranded RNAs that regulate global gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The recent findings from our laboratory and others discussed in the present review outline pleiotropic roles for miR-192 in renal homoeostasis and in the fibrotic kidney. We describe miR-192-driven anti-and pro-fibrotic effects via the repression of ZEB1 and ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox proteins 1 and 2), resulting in changes in extracellular matrix deposition and cell differentiation.
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Zancanella V, Giantin M, Lopparelli RM, Nebbia C, Dacasto M. Constitutive expression and phenobarbital modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and related nuclear receptors in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:1096-109. [PMID: 22694178 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.694493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In humans and rodents, phenobarbital (PB) induces hepatic and extra-hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) through the activation of specific nuclear receptors (NRs). In contrast, few data about PB transcriptional effects in veterinary species are available. The constitutive expression and modulation of PB-responsive NR and DME genes, following an oral PB challenge, were investigated in cattle liver and extra-hepatic tissues (duodenum, kidney, lung, testis, adrenal and muscle). Likewise to humans and rodents, target genes were expressed to a lower extent compared to the liver with few exceptions. Phenobarbital significantly affected hepatic CYP2B22, 2C31, 2C87, 3A and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like, glutathione S-transferase A1-like and sulfotransferase 1A1-like (SULT1A1-like) mRNAs and apoprotein amounts; in extra-hepatic tissues, only duodenum showed a significant down-regulation of SULT1A1-like gene and apoprotein. Nuclear receptor mRNAs were never affected by PB. Presented data are the first evidence about the constitutive expression of foremost DME and NR genes in cattle extra-hepatic tissues, and the data obtained following a PB challenge are suggestive of species-differences in drug metabolism; altogether, these information are of value for the extrapolation of pharmacotoxicological data among species, the characterization of drug-drug interactions as well as the animal and consumer's risk caused by harmful residues formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zancanella
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata e Alimentazione, Agripolis Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Transforming growth factor β1 represses proximal tubular cell microRNA-192 expression through decreased hepatocyte nuclear factor DNA binding. Biochem J 2012; 443:407-16. [PMID: 22264233 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
miR (microRNA)-192 plays key roles in renal pathological and physiological responses, by repressing targets including Zeb1, Zeb2 and Wnk1. In the present study, we have assessed the regulation of miR-192 expression. We found that TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) down-regulates miR-192 and miR-194, co-transcribed in the shared precursor pri-miR (primary miR transcript)-192/194. Luciferase reporter analysis showed constitutive promoter activity within nucleotides +21 to -223. We identified HNF (hepatocyte nuclear factor) and p53 binding sites within this region that were required for constitutive promoter activity, which was decreased by TGF-β1 through an Alk5-dependent mechanism. TGF-β1 treatment decreased HNF binding to the miR-194-2/192 promoter, whereas knockdown of HNF-1 inhibited mature miR-192 and miR-194 expression. miR-192, miR-194 and HNF expression were restricted to a defined subset of human tissues including kidney, small intestine, colon and liver. Our results from the present study identify co-ordinated regulation of miR-192 and miR-194, with binding of HNF and p53 transcription factors necessary for activation of transcription, and TGF-β1-mediated repression through decreased HNF binding to its cognate promoter element.
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Association of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Metabolic Syndrome in Malaysia. Biochem Genet 2011; 50:298-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-011-9472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang Z, Salih E, Burke PA. Quantitative analysis of cytokine-induced hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α phosphorylation by mass spectrometry. Biochemistry 2011; 50:5292-300. [PMID: 21598922 DOI: 10.1021/bi200540w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α), a liver-enriched transcription factor, is essential for liver development and function. HNF-4α regulates a large number of liver-specific genes, many of which are modulated by injury. While HNF-4α function is regulated by phosphorylation, only a limited number of phosphorylation sites in HNF-4α have been identified, and the roles of HNF-4α phosphorylation after injury are unexplored. To address these issues, we have carried out an extensive quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis of HNF-4α serine and threonine phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. Studies were performed in HNF-4α-enriched HepG2 cells treated with cytokines for 3 h or left untreated, followed by chemical derivatization of the phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues using stable isotopic variants of dithiothreitol (DTT) and MS analysis. This has allowed the identification and relative quantification of 12 serine/threonine phosphorylation sites in HNF-4α. Eight of these phosphorylation sites and their sensitivity to cytokine stimulation have not been previously reported. We found that cytokine treatment leads to an increase of HNF-4α phosphorylation in several phosphopeptides. The phosphorylation of HNF-4α mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) significantly reduces HNF-4α binding activity, which mimics the repressive effect of cytokines on HNF-4α binding, and the inhibition of PKA activity by PKA inhibitor can partially recover the reduced HNF-4α binding activity induced by cytokines. These results suggest that the mechanism that alters HNF-4α binding after cytokine stimulation involves modulation of specific HNF-4α phosphorylation dependent, in part, on a PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Gotoh Y, Ishizuka Y, Matsuura T, Niimi S. Spheroid Formation and Expression of Liver-Specific Functions of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Derived FLC-4 Cells Cultured in Lactose−Silk Fibroin Conjugate Sponges. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1532-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101495c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Gotoh
- Silk-Materials Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishizuka
- Applied Cell Biotechnologies, Inc., 1-1-48 Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shingo Niimi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
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Kunii R, Jiang S, Hasegawa G, Yamamoto T, Umezu H, Watanabe T, Tsuchida M, Hashimoto T, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Sasai K, Naito M. The predominant expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1)-negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2011; 58:467-76. [PMID: 21348892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate TTF-1-negative pulmonary adenocarcinoma, focusing upon mucin production and the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and sixty-two cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma were examined histologically and immunohistochemically; TTF-1 was expressed in 222 cases (84.7%), and 40 cases (15.3%) were negative. Among TTF-1-negative cases there were 31 mucinous-type tumours, and HNF4α, MUC5AC and MUC2 were expressed in 34 cases (85%), 29 cases (72.5%) and four cases (10%), respectively. In contrast, their expression was rare in TTF-1-positive tumours. A statistically inverse correlation was confirmed between the expression of TTF-1 and that of HNF4α and MUC5AC. CONCLUSION Most TTF-1-negative pulmonary adenocarcinomas are mucinous lesions with the predominant expression of HNF4α and MUC5AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kunii
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Yin L, Ma H, Ge X, Edwards PA, Zhang Y. Hepatic hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α is essential for maintaining triglyceride and cholesterol homeostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:328-36. [PMID: 21071704 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.217828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss-of-function mutations in human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young and lipid disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the lipid disorders are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the effect of acute loss or augmentation of hepatic HNF4α function on lipid homeostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated an adenovirus expressing LacZ (Ad-shLacZ) or short hairpin RNA of Hnf4α (Ad-shHnf4α). Tail vain injection of C57BL/6J mice with Ad-shHnf4α reduced hepatic Hnf4α expression and resulted in striking phenotypes, including the development of fatty liver and a >80% decrease in plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These latter changes were associated with reduced hepatic lipogenesis and impaired very-low-density lipoprotein secretion. Deficiency in hepatic Hnf4α did not affect intestinal cholesterol absorption despite decreased expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis. Consistent with the loss-of-function data, overexpression of Hnf4α induced numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism in isolated primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, many of these HNF4α-regulated genes were not induced in wild-type mice that overexpressed hepatic Hnf4α. Because of selective gene regulation, mice overexpressing hepatic Hnf4α had unchanged plasma triglyceride levels and decreased plasma cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Loss of hepatic HNF4α results in severe lipid disorder as a result of dysregulation of multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism. In contrast, augmentation of hepatic HNF4α activity lowers plasma cholesterol levels but has no effect on plasma triglyceride levels because of selective gene regulation. Our data indicate that hepatic HNF4α is essential for controlling the basal expression of numerous genes involved in lipid metabolism and is indispensable for maintaining normal lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, 4209 State Rte. 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
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Kanazawa T, Konno A, Hashimoto Y, Kon Y. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha is related to survival of the condensed mesenchyme in the developing mouse kidney. Dev Dyn 2010; 239:1145-54. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Yin L, Anderson J, Ma H, Gonzalez FJ, Willson TM, Edwards PA. Identification of novel pathways that control farnesoid X receptor-mediated hypocholesterolemia. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3035-43. [PMID: 19996107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.083899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays important regulatory roles in bile acid, lipoprotein, and glucose homeostasis. Here, we have utilized Fxr(-/-) mice and mice deficient in scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), together with an FXR-specific agonist and adenovirus expressing hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha or constitutively active FXR, to identify the mechanisms by which activation of FXR results in hypocholesterolemia. We identify a novel pathway linking FXR to changes in hepatic p-JNK, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha, and finally SR-BI. Importantly, we demonstrate that the FXR-dependent increase in SR-BI results in both hypocholesterolemia and an increase in reverse cholesterol transport, a process involving the transport of cholesterol from peripheral macrophages to the liver for excretion into the feces. In addition, we demonstrate that FXR activation also induces an SR-BI-independent increase in reverse cholesterol transport and reduces intestinal cholesterol absorption. Together, these data indicate that FXR is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA.
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Takano K, Hasegawa G, Jiang S, Kurosaki I, Hatakeyama K, Iwanari H, Tanaka T, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Naito M. Immunohistochemical staining for P1 and P2 promoter-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha may complement mucin phenotype of differentiated-type early gastric carcinoma. Pathol Int 2009; 59:462-70. [PMID: 19563409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2009.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) isoforms in the human stomach have not been fully investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha (P1 and P2-HNF4alpha) in differentiated-type early gastric carcinomas (DEGC). P1- and P2-HNF4alpha expression was examined immunohistochemically both in non-neoplastic mucosa and carcinoma from surgical specimens. In all samples of non-neoplastic mucosa, foveolar, cardiac, fundic and pyloric gland epithelium was negative for P1-HNF4alpha, but was positive for P2-HNF4alpha. Intestinal metaplasia was positive for P1 and P2-HNF4alpha in all cases. Gastric carcinomas were classified into four mucin phenotypes based on the pattern of mucin expression: gastric, intestinal, mixed and null type. DEGC showed striking differences in the staining pattern for P1-HNF4alpha according to the mucin phenotype. Gastric carcinomas of intestinal, mixed and null type showed high positivity for P1-HNF4alpha, but the gastric type was negative for P1-HNF4alpha in all but one tumor. In contrast, P2-HNF4alpha was expressed in all tumors regardless of the mucin phenotype. Negative expression of P1-HNF4alpha was indicated as one of the useful immunohistochemical markers in the classification of mucin phenotype of both non-neoplastic mucosa and cancers of gastric phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabuto Takano
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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