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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23283. [PMID: 37983957 PMCID: PMC10662669 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300769rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells but exhibited a beneficial effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although mechanical allodynia was unaffected, significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to wild type (WT) mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) levels, suggesting improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the microglial activation marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (IBA1), along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be beneficial in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Arampatzis AS, Pampori A, Droutsa E, Laskari M, Karakostas P, Tsalikis L, Barmpalexis P, Dordas C, Assimopoulou AN. Occurrence of Luteolin in the Greek Flora, Isolation of Luteolin and Its Action for the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:7720. [PMID: 38067450 PMCID: PMC10707704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher plants possess the ability to synthesize a great number of compounds with many different functions, known as secondary metabolites. Polyphenols, a class of flavonoids, are secondary metabolites that play a crucial role in plant adaptation to both biotic and abiotic environments, including UV radiation, high light intensity, low/high temperatures, and attacks from pathogens, among others. One of the compounds that has received great attention over the last few years is luteolin. The objective of the current paper is to review the extraction and detection methods of luteolin in plants of the Greek flora, as well as their luteolin content. Furthermore, plant species, crop management and environmental factors can affect luteolin content and/or its derivatives. Luteolin exhibits various biological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial ones. As a result, luteolin has been employed as a bioactive molecule in numerous applications within the food industry and the biomedical field. Among the different available options for managing periodontitis, dental care products containing herbal compounds have been in the spotlight owing to the beneficial pharmacological properties of the bioactive ingredients. In this context, luteolin's anti-inflammatory activity has been harnessed to combat periodontal disease and promote the restoration of damaged bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios S. Arampatzis
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Aspasia Pampori
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Droutsa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Maria Laskari
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Panagiotis Karakostas
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (P.K.); (L.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Dordas
- School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (M.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Andreana N. Assimopoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.S.A.); (A.P.); (E.D.)
- Natural Products Research Center of Excellence (NatPro-AUTH), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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3
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Wang H, Li C, Xiong Z, Li T. Luteolin attenuates acute liver allograft rejection in rats by inhibiting T cell proliferation and regulating T cell subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110407. [PMID: 37290328 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allograft rejection continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and graft failure for liver transplant recipients. Existing immunosuppressive regimens have many drawbacks, thus safe and effective long-term immunosuppressive regimens are still required. Luteolin (LUT), a natural component found in many plants, has a variety of biological and pharmacological effects and shows good anti-inflammatory activity in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how it affects acute organ rejection after allogeneic transplantation. In this study, a rat liver transplantation model was constructed to investigate the effect of LUT on acute rejection of organ allografts. We found that LUT significantly protected the structure and function of liver grafts, prolonged recipient rat survival, ameliorated T cell infiltration, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, LUT inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and Th cell differentiation but increased the proportion of Tregs, which is the key to its immunosuppressive effect. In vitro, LUT also significantly inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th1 differentiation. There may be important implications for improving immunosuppressive regimens for organ transplantation as a result of this discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; The First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300190, China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiong
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Transplant Medical Research Center, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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4
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Akter R, Rahman MR, Ahmed ZS, Afrose A. Plausibility of natural immunomodulators in the treatment of COVID-19-A comprehensive analysis and future recommendations. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17478. [PMID: 37366526 PMCID: PMC10284624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted millions of deaths worldwide. Despite the availability of several vaccines and some special drugs approved for emergency use to prevent or treat this disease still, there is a huge concern regarding their effectiveness, adverse effects, and most importantly, their efficacy against the new variants. A cascade of immune-inflammatory responses is involved with the pathogenesis and severe complications with COVID-19. People with dysfunctional and compromised immune systems display severe complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, multiple organ failure etc., when they get infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Plant-derived natural immune-suppressant compounds, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, berberine, luteolin, etc., have been reported to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, natural products with immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential could be plausible targets to treat this contagious disease. This review aims to delineate the clinical trials status and outcomes of natural compounds with immunomodulatory potential in COVID-19 patients along with the outcomes of their in-vivo studies. In clinical trials several natural immunomodulators resulted in significant improvement of COVID-19 patients by diminishing COVID-19 symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and breathlessness. Most importantly, they reduced the duration of hospitalization and the need for supplemental oxygen therapy, improved clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, especially weakness, and eliminated acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. This paper also discusses many potent natural immunomodulators yet to undergo clinical trials. In-vivo studies with natural immunomodulators demonstrated reduction of a wide range of proinflammatory cytokines. Natural immunomodulators that were found effective, safe, and well tolerated in small-scale clinical trials are warranted to undergo large-scale trials to be used as drugs to treat COVID-19 infections. Alongside, compounds yet to test clinically must undergo clinical trials to find their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushanara Akter
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Zainab Syed Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Afrose
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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5
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Bracchi-Ricard V, Nguyen K, Ricci D, Gaudette B, Henao-Meija J, Brambilla R, Martynyuk T, Gidalevitz T, Allman D, Bethea JR, Argon Y. Increased activity of IRE1 improves the clinical presentation of EAE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.19.537391. [PMID: 37131811 PMCID: PMC10153167 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.19.537391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the ER stress sensor IRE1α contributes to neuronal development and is known to induce neuronal remodeling in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, excessive IRE1 activity is often detrimental and may contribute to neurodegeneration. To determine the consequences of increased activation of IRE1α, we used a mouse model expressing a C148S variant of IRE1α with increased and sustained activation. Surprisingly, the mutation did not affect the differentiation of highly secretory antibody-producing cells, but exhibited a strong protective effect in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Significant improvement in motor function was found in IRE1C148S mice with EAE relative to WT mice. Coincident with this improvement, there was reduced microgliosis in the spinal cord of IRE1C148S mice, with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. This was accompanied by reduced axonal degeneration and enhanced CNPase levels, suggestiing improved myelin integrity. Interestingly, while the IRE1C148S mutation is expressed in all cells, the reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and in the activation of microglial activation marker IBA1, along with preservation of phagocytic gene expression, all point to microglia as the cell type contributing to the clinical improvement in IRE1C148S animals. Our data suggest that sustained increase in IRE1α activity can be protective in vivo, and that this protection is cell type and context dependent. Considering the overwhelming but conflicting evidence for the role of the ER stress in neurological diseases, a better understanding of the function of ER stress sensors in physiological contexts is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniela Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Gaudette
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Meija
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- BRIDGE - Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yair Argon
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chen PT, Chen PC, Wang JY, Wang SD, Lin LJ. Evaluation of You-Gui-Wan critical compounds inhibiting ALOX-5 and HDC gene expression in RBL-2H3 cells using a fractional factorial design. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 305:116122. [PMID: 36610671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) You-Gui-Wan (YGW) has been used to treat asthma for hundreds of years. AIM OF THE STUDY YGW is composed of 10 types of medicinal materials. However, the immune mechanism of YGW in asthma treatment has not been elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated asthma symptoms attenuated by YGW and the underlying immune regulatory mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intratracheal (i.t.) stimulation of BALB/c mice with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) was performed once per week (40 μL, 2.5 μg/μL). For six consecutive weeks, different doses of YGW (0.2 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg) were orally administered 30 min before stimulation with Der p. After the last stimulation, airway hyperreactivity, lung gene expression, and total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood were evaluated using a whole-body plethysmograph system, real-time PCR, and ELISA, respectively. In addition, DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA was added to stimulate mast cells (RBL-2H3), and YGW or various compound compositions (Trial) were added to RBL-2H3 cells for 30 min to evaluate the effects of the drug on mast cell degranulation and on gene expression. JMP 5.1 software was used to design and analyze YGW's critical compounds by which it inhibited ALOX-5 and HDC gene expression in RBL-2H3 cells. RESULTS YGW significantly decreased serum total IgE levels and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. YGW also reduced the gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, and COX-2 in the lungs of asthmatic mice and RBL-2H3 cells. YGW and the compound (Trial 21) present in YGW inhibited the gene expression of ALOX-5 and HDC in RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSION The experimental results indicate that YGW exhibits anti-airway hyperresponsiveness and specific immunomodulatory effects. In addition, YGW synergistically inhibits ALOX-5 and HDC gene expression in mast cells through a combination of 21 compounds, including luteolin, quercetin, and β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, 71005, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Chen
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Center for Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Brockmueller A, Mahmoudi N, Movaeni AK, Mueller AL, Kajbafzadeh AM, Shakibaei M, Zolbin MM. Stem Cells and Natural Agents in the Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A New Approach. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:39-53. [PMID: 36112254 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases refer to a group of neurological disorders as a consequence of various destructive illnesses, that predominantly impact neurons in the central nervous system, resulting in impairments in certain brain functions. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurodegenerative disorders represent a major risk to human health. In order to optimize structural and functional recovery, reconstructive methods integrate many approaches now, to address the complex and multivariate pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells, with their unique property of regeneration, offer new possibilities in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. Concurrently, there is an important role for natural products in controlling many health sufferings and they can delay or even prevent the onset of various diseases. In addition, due to their therapeutic properties, they have been used as neuroprotective agents to treat neurodegenerative disorders. After decades of intensive research, scientists made advances in treating these disorders so far, but current therapies are still not capable of preventing the illnesses from progressing. Therefore, in this review, we focused on a new perspective combining stem cells and natural products as an innovative therapy option in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kian Movaeni
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu P, Qi G, Gu S, Dong H, Liu C, Yang H. Single-cell transcriptomics and network pharmacology reveal therapeutic targets of Jianpi Yiqi Bugan Yishen decoction in immune cell subsets of children with myasthenia gravis. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1985-2003. [PMID: 36643680 PMCID: PMC9834954 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. As immunosuppressive agents used to treat MG have a significant impact on the growth and development of children, treatment is extremely challenging. Jianpi Yiqi Bugan Yishen Decoction (JYBYD) has been developed to treat MG and has achieved satisfactory results in clinical practice. This study aimed to explore its action mechanism and evaluate its active ingredients and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of peripheral blood immune cells of children with MG was performed to reveal the changes in immune cell profiles before and after JYBYD treatment. Lewis rats were included in the model, with classic MG induced by subcutaneous injection of the immunogen acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Twenty rats were divided into two groups and administered normal saline and JYBYD by gavage daily. RESULTS An increase in cell populations characterized by cortactin expression was observed, which has a potential effect on the recovery of lesions at the neuromuscular junction in patients with MG. Based on the differential expression of genes in various immune cells and the predicted targets of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds, the possible therapeutic targets of JYBYD in different cell subsets were identified, among which STAT1, MCL1, and FOS were the most frequent. Comprehensive network pharmacological analysis suggested quercetin, luteolin, and resveratrol as important active ingredients of JYBYD for the treatment of children with MG. JYBYD could relieve myasthenia symptoms and reduce the AChR-Ab titer in the rat model. Immunohistochemistry results of the muscle showed that JYBYD treatment decreased the expression of STAT1, MCL1, and c-FOS proteins in the muscles of MG rat models. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are of significance for the clinical application of JYBYD and drug development against MG in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoyan Qi
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huimin Dong
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoying Liu
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Myasthenia Gravis, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Center of Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis, People's Hospital of Shijiazhuang Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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9
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Choudhary N, Tewari D, Nabavi SF, Kashani HRK, Lorigooini Z, Filosa R, Khan FB, Masoudian N, Nabavi SM. Plant based food bioactives: A boon or bane for neurological disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3279-3325. [PMID: 36369694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the foremost occurring diseases across the globe resulting in progressive dysfunction, loss of neuronal structure ultimately cell death. Therefore, attention has been drawn toward the natural resources for the search of neuroprotective agents. Plant-based food bioactives have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on various plant food bioactive, mechanisms, therapeutic targets, in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of neurological disorders to explore whether they are boon or bane for neurological disorders. In addition, the clinical perspective of plant food bioactives in neurological disorders are also highlighted. Scientific evidences point toward the enormous therapeutic efficacy of plant food bioactives in the prevention or treatment of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, identification of food bioactive components accountable for the neuroprotective effects, mechanism, clinical trials, and consolidation of information flow are warranted. Plant food bioactives primarily act by mediating through various pathways including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, specific proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reversing neurodegeneration and can be used for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, the plant based food bioactives are boon for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Adesh Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551 United Arab Emirates
| | - Nooshin Masoudian
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre Via Cortenocera, 82030, San Salvatore Telesino, (BN), Italy
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite, Ceara, Brazil
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10
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In Silico and In Vitro Identification of Pan-Coronaviral Main Protease Inhibitors from a Large Natural Product Library. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030308. [PMID: 35337106 PMCID: PMC8952009 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) in coronaviruses represents a promising specific drug target as it is essential for the cleavage of the virus polypeptide and has a unique cleavage site that does not exist in human host proteases. In this study, we explored potential natural pan-coronavirus drugs using in vitro and in silico approaches and three coronavirus main proteases as treatment targets. The PyRx program was used to screen 39,442 natural-product-like compounds from the ZINC database and 121 preselected phytochemicals from medicinal plants with known antiviral activity. After assessment with Lipinski’s rule of five, molecular docking was performed for the top 33 compounds of both libraries. Enzymatic assays were applied for the top candidates from both in silico approaches to test their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four compounds (hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin) that most efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in vitro were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis was performed to determine dissociation constant (Kd) values to validate the binding of these active compounds to recombinant Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. The cytotoxicity of hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin was assessed in human diploid MRC-5 lung fibroblasts using the resazurin cell viability assay to determine their therapeutic indices. Sequence alignment of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated 96.08%, 50.83%, 49.17%, 48.51%, 44.04%, and 41.06% similarity to Mpro of other human-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E, respectively). Molecular docking showed that 12 out of 121 compounds were bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at the same binding site as the control inhibitor, GC376. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, while hypericin and isorhamnetin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-1; hypericin showed inhibitory effects toward Mpro of MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed the binding of these compounds to Mpro with high affinity. Resazurin assays showed that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were not cytotoxic toward MRC-5 cells, whereas hypericin and isorhamnetin were slightly cytotoxic. We demonstrated that hypericin represents a potential novel pan-anti-coronaviral agent by binding to and inhibiting Mpro of several human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Moreover, isorhamnetin showed inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Mpro, indicating that this compound may have some pan-coronaviral potential. Luteolin had inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
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11
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Haghmorad D, Yazdanpanah E, Sadighimoghaddam B, Yousefi B, Sahafi P, Ghorbani N, Rashidy-Pour A, Kokhaei P. Kombucha ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through activation of Treg and Th2 cells. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1685-1692. [PMID: 32812134 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). Kombucha is produced by the fermentation of sugared tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. This research was designed to reveal the therapeutic impact and the molecular and cellular processes determining the effect of kombucha on MS alleviation in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The EAE was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide emulsified in CFA and injected subcutaneously over two flank areas in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, pertussis toxin was injected intraperitoneally and repeated 48 h later. Treatment groups were received three different doses of kombucha (K1: low dose, K2: medium dose and K3: high dose) to obtain a maximum protection. Clinical scores and other criteria were followed daily for the 25 days. At the end of the course, T-helper-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4, and TGF-β) were measured through ELISA. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) concentration in spinal cord tissue was detected. The severity of disease on the peak of disease in K1, K2, and K3 groups were 3.4 ± 0.18 and 2.6 ± 0.18 and 2 ± 0.14 respectively, compared to the CTRL group with 4.5 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). Kombucha increased production of interleukin IL-4 (K1 = 95 ± 5, K2 = 110 ± 10, K3 = 115 ± 5 and CTRL = 65 ± 5; p < 0.05) and TGF-β (K1 = 1750 ± 80, K2 = 2050 ± 65, K3 = 2200 ± 75 and CTRL = 850 ± 85; p < 0.001) but concurrently resulted in a remarkable reduction in the production of IFN-γ (K1 = 950 ± 70, K2 = 890 ± 65, K3 = 850 ± 85 and CTRL = 3850 ± 115; p < 0.001) and IL-17 (K1 = 1250 ± 75, K2 = 1050 ± 90, K3 = 970 ± 80 and CTRL = 6450 ± 125; p < 0.001). Moreover, NO concentration in spinal cord tissue in the treatment groups was significantly less than the control group (K1: 35.42 ± 2.1, K2 = 31.21 ± 2.2, K3 = 28.24 ± 2.6 and CTRL = 45.25 ± 2.7; p < 0.05). These results supported that kombucha could reduce the severity of disease in an EAE model through motivating polarization of CD4+ T cells by induction of IL-4 and TGF-β as well as inhibition of IFN-γ and IL-17.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/diet therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kombucha Tea
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighimoghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Pegah Sahafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Ghorbani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Himalian R, Singh SK, Singh MP. Ameliorative Role of Nutraceuticals on Neurodegenerative Diseases Using the Drosophila melanogaster as a Discovery Model to Define Bioefficacy. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:511-539. [PMID: 34125661 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1904305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the destruction of neurons, and once the neurons degenerate they can't revive. This is one of the most concerned health conditions among aged population, more than ∼70% of the elderly people are suffering from neurodegeneration. Among all of the neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Poly-glutamine disease (Poly-Q) are the major one and affecting most of the people around the world and posing excessive burden on the society. In order to understand this disease in non-human animal models it is pertinent to examine in model organism and various animal model are being used for such diseases like rat, mice and non-vertebrate model like Drosophila. Drosophila melanogaster is one of the best animal proven by several eminent scientist and had received several Nobel prizes for uncovering mechanism of human related genes and highly efficient model for studying neurodegenerative diseases due to its great affinity with human disease-related genes. Another factor is also employed to act as therapeutic or preventive method that is nutraceuticals. Nutraceuticals are functional natural compounds with antioxidant properties and had extensively showed the neuroprotective effect in different organisms. These nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties act through scavenging free radicals or by increasing endogenous cellular antioxidant defense molecules. For the best benefit, we are trying to utilize these nutraceuticals, which will have no or negligible side effects. In this review, we are dealing with various types of such nutraceuticals which have potent value in the prevention and curing of the diseases related to neurodegeneration.HighlightsNeurodegeneration is the silently progressing disease which shows its symptoms when it is well rooted.Many chemical drugs (almost all) have only symptomatic relief with side effects.Potent mechanism of neurodegeneration and improvement effect by nutraceuticals is proposed.Based on the Indian Cuisine scientists are trying to find the medicine from the food or food components having antioxidant properties.The best model to study the neurodegenerative diseases is Drosophila melanogaster.Many nutraceuticals having antioxidant properties have been studied and attenuated various diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Himalian
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology (ISET) Foundation, Lucknow, India
| | - Mahendra Pratap Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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13
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Daily JW, Kang S, Park S. Protection against Alzheimer's disease by luteolin: Role of brain glucose regulation, anti-inflammatory activity, and the gut microbiota-liver-brain axis. Biofactors 2021; 47:218-231. [PMID: 33347668 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a widely distributed flavone herbs and vegetables. It has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and improves glucose metabolism by potentiating insulin sensitivity and improving β-cell function and mass. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is induced by the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the hippocampus and the formation of neurotoxic Aβ plaques. The Aβ deposition is associated with increased formation of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein by up-regulation of β-secretase and β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Furthermore, Aβ accumulation is increased by brain insulin resistance. The impairment of insulin/IGF-1 signaling mainly in the hippocampus and brain insulin resistance is connected to signals originating in the liver and gut microbiota, known as the gut microbiota-liver-brain axis. This indicates that the changes in the production of short-chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokines can alter insulin resistance in the liver and brain. Luteolin is detected in the brain tissues after passing through the blood-brain barrier, where it can directly influence neuroinflammation and brain insulin resistance and modulate Aβ deposition. Luteolin (10-70 mg/kg bw for rodents) can modulate the systemic and brain insulin resistance, and it suppresses AD development directly, and it influences Aβ deposition by activation of the gut microbiota-liver-brain axis. In this review, we evaluate the potential of luteolin to mitigate two potential causes of AD, neuroinflammatory processes, and disruption of glucose metabolism in the brain. This review suggests that luteolin intake can enhance brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation, directly and indirectly, to protect against the development of Alzheimer's-like disease, and the gut microbiota-liver-brain axis is mainly involved in the indirect pathway. However, most studies have been conducted in animal studies, and human clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Daily
- Department of R&D, Daily Manufacturing Inc, Rockwell, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suna Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
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14
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Delgado A, Cholevas C, Theoharides TC. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and beneficial action of luteolin. Biofactors 2021; 47:207-217. [PMID: 33615581 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), already the world's most common form of dementia, is projected to continue increasing in prevalence over the next several decades. The current lack of understanding of the pathogenesis of AD has hampered the development of effective treatments. Historically, AD research has been predicated on the amyloid cascade hypothesis (ACH), which attributes disease progression to the build-up of amyloid protein. However, multiple clinical studies of drugs interfering with ACH have failed to show any benefit demonstrating that AD etiology is more complex than previously thought. Here we review the current literature on the emerging key role of neuroinflammation, especially activation of microglia, in AD pathogenesis. Moreover, we provide compelling evidence that certain flavonoids, especially luteolin formulated in olive pomace oil together with hydroxytyrosol, offers a reasonable prophylactic treatment approach due to its many beneficial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Delgado
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christos Cholevas
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- BrainGate, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- BrainGate, Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Kıvrak Ş, Kıvrak İ. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction method of phenolic compounds in Extra-Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs) by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1713811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Kıvrak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kıvrak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Treatment Technologies, Muğla Vocational School, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
- Research Laboratory Center, Food Analysis Laboratory, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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16
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Ali F, Siddique YH. Bioavailability and Pharmaco-therapeutic Potential of Luteolin in Overcoming Alzheimer's Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:352-365. [PMID: 30892166 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190319141835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally occurring, yellow crystalline flavonoid found in numerous dietary supplements we frequently have in our meals. Studies in the last 2 decades have revealed its therapeutic potential to reduce the Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms in various in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-Alzheimer's potential of luteolin is attributed to its ability to suppress Aβ as well as tau aggregation or promote their disaggregation, down-regulate the expression of COX-2, NOS, MMP-9, TNF-α, interleukins and chemokines, reduce oxidative stress by scavenging ROS, modulate the activities of transcription factors CREB, cJun, Nrf-1, NF-κB, p38, p53, AP-1 and β-catenine and inhibiting the activities of various protein kinases. In several systems, luteolin has been described as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, we have also discussed about the bio-availability of the luteolin in the plasma. After being metabolized luteolin persists in plasma as glucuronides and sulphate-conjugates. Human clinical trials indicated no dose limiting toxicity when administered at a dose of 100 mg/day. Improvements in the formulations and drug delivery systems may further enhance the bioavailability and potency of luteolin. The current review describes in detail the data supporting these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India
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17
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Hu Y, Zhang C, Zhu H, Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Xia Y, Li D. Luteolin modulates SERCA2a via Sp1 upregulation to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15407. [PMID: 32958799 PMCID: PMC7506543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) is responsible for calcium transport during excitation–contraction coupling and is essential for maintaining myocardial systolic/diastolic function and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Therefore, it is important to investigate mechanisms whereby luteolin modulates SERCA2a expression to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into eight groups. The expression and activity of SERCA2a was measured to assess interactions between the SERCA2a promoter and the Sp1 transcription factor, and the regulatory effects of luteolin. We used serum LDH release, serum cardiac troponin I level, hemodynamic data, myocardial infarction size and apoptosis-related indices to measure SERCA2a cardio-protective effects of luteolin pretreatment. Sp1 binding to SERCA2a promoter under ischemia/reperfusion conditions in the presence or absence of luteolin was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our experimental results indicated that during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, luteolin pretreatment upregulated the expression levels of SERCA2a and Sp1. Sp1 overexpression enhanced the expression of SERCA2a at the transcriptional level. Luteolin pretreatment reversed the expression of SERCA2a through the increased expression of Sp1. Moreover, we demonstrated that luteolin pretreatment appeared to exert myocardial protective effects by upregulating the transcriptional activity of SERCA2a, via Sp1. In conclusion, during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, Sp1 appeared to downregulate the expression of SERCA2a. Luteolin pretreatment was shown to improve SERCA2a expression via the upregulation of Sp1 to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengmeng Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Lin LJ, Wu CJ, Wang SD, Kao ST. Qi-Wei-Du-Qi-Wan and its major constituents exert an anti-asthmatic effect by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112406. [PMID: 31751647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Asia, Qi-Wei-Du-Qi-Wan (QWDQW) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat chest tightness, cough, shortness of breath, night sweats, frequent urination and asthma. QWDQW is recorded in Yi Zong Yi Ren Pian (Medical Physician's Compilation), which was written by Yang Cheng Liu during the Qing Dynasty. AIM OF THE STUDY The traditional Chinese medicine QWDQW is composed of 7 ingredients and has been used in the treatment of asthma in Asia for hundreds of years. However, the mechanism through which QWDQW affects the immune system in the treatment of asthma is not known. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether QWDQW alleviates asthmatic symptoms in mice with chronic asthma induced by repeated stimulation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and to explore the underlying immune modulatory mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS BALB/c mice were stimulated intratracheally (i.t.) with Der p (40 μl, 2.5 μg/μl) once weekly for 6 weeks. Thirty minutes prior to Der p stimulation, the mice were treated with QWDQW (0.5 g/kg and 0.17 g/kg) orally. Three days after the last stimulation, the mice were sacrificed, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, lung histological characteristics, gene expression of lung and serum total IgE were assessed. In other experiments, RBL-2H3 cells were stimulated with DNP-IgE/DNP-BSA and then treated with QWDQW, quercetin, β-carotene, luteolin or a mixture of the three chemicals (Mix13) for 30 min, and the effects of the drugs on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation after DNP stimulation were determined. RESULTS QWDQW significantly reduced Der p-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and decreased total serum IgE and Der p-specific IgE levels. Histopathological examination showed that QWDQW reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and sputum secretion from goblet cells in the lungs. Gene expression analysis indicated that QWDQW reduced overproduction of IL-12、IFN-γ、IL-13、IL-4、RNATES、Eotaxin and MCP-1in lung. Additionally, QWDQW and Mix13 suppressed DNP induced RBL-2H3 degranulation, and the effect was maximal when quercetin, β-carotene and luteolin were administered together. CONCLUSION These results indicate that QWDQW plays a role in suppressing excessive airway reaction and in specific immune modulation in a mouse model of chronic asthma and that QWDQW suppresses mast cell degranulation at defined doses of quercetin, β-carotene and luteolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jen Wu
- Department of QC/R&D, Kaiser Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Tainan, 71041, Taiwan
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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19
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Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. An Update of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Effects in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Neuroinflammatory Events. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030216. [PMID: 32150935 PMCID: PMC7139331 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammation process represents of a dynamic series of phenomena that manifest themselves with an intense vascular reaction. Neuroinflammation is a reply from the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) to a changed homeostasis. There are two cell systems that mediate this process: the glia of the CNS and the lymphocites, monocytes, and macrophages of the hematopoietic system. In both the peripheral and central nervous systems, neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, and in neuropsychiatric illnesses, such as depression and autism spectrum disorders. The resolution of neuroinflammation is a process that allows for inflamed tissues to return to homeostasis. In this process the important players are represented by lipid mediators. Among the naturally occurring lipid signaling molecules, a prominent role is played by the N-acylethanolamines, namely N-arachidonoylethanolamine and its congener N-palmitoylethanolamine, which is also named palmitoylethanolamide or PEA. PEA possesses a powerful neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory power but has no antioxidant effects per se. For this reason, its co-ultramicronization with the flavonoid luteolin is more efficacious than either molecule alone. Inhibiting or modulating the enzymatic breakdown of PEA represents a complementary therapeutic approach to treating neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of ultramicronized PEA and co-ultramicronized PEA with luteolin in several neurological diseases using preclinical and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390-906-765-208
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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20
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neuroinflammation, and Cromolyn. Clin Ther 2020; 42:546-549. [PMID: 32044139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an upper motor neuron disease with an unknown pathogenesis and no effective treatment. A recent study found that treatment of a mouse model of ALS (TgSOD1 mice) intraperitoneally with the mast-cell blocker disodium chromoglycate (cromolyn) had a small but significant effect on disease onset, improvement of neurologic symptoms, and decrease in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the spinal cord and plasma of the TgSOD1 mice. Treatment with cromolyn also reduced degranulation of mast cells in the tibialis anterior muscle. There was no effect on survival. These findings are important in their support of the involvement of mast cells in the pathogenesis of ALS but are limited by the small effect of cromolyn, which was given intraperitoneally and is poorly absorbed after oral administration. Instead, use of the structurally related flavonoid tetramethoxyluteolin, which is a more potent inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine release from mast cells and also inhibits activated microglia, may offer significant advantages over cromolyn. Development of mast cell inhibitors could benefit not only allergic disorders but also inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders.
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GLM, a novel luteolin derivative, attenuates inflammatory responses in dendritic cells: Therapeutic potential against ulcerative colitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:87-93. [PMID: 31402120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GLM, a luteolin derivative, shows anti-melanogenic effect via regulation of various signal molecules; however, it is unclear whether it also exerts anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect of GLM on activated dendritic cells (DCs) to elucidate its therapeutic potential for ulcerative colitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of GLM was firstly investigated based on its effect on DCs maturation and T cells proliferation/activation. GLM treatment downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine productions, surface molecule expression, and antigen-presenting ability for MHC-II complex in LPS-activated DCs. Importantly, anti-inflammatory effect induced by GLM treatment were independent of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, DCs that were co-treated with LPS and GLM impaired the proliferation and activation of naïve CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, GLM exerted in vivo protective effect in DSS-induced colitis models by decreasing Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, as well as restoring body weight, disease activity, and DSS-induced pathology. Based on these results, GLM was shown to be a potential candidate treatment for ulcerative colitis.
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Manzoor MF, Ahmad N, Ahmed Z, Siddique R, Zeng XA, Rahaman A, Muhammad Aadil R, Wahab A. Novel extraction techniques and pharmaceutical activities of luteolin and its derivatives. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12974. [PMID: 31489656 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin is a 3', 4', 5, 7 tetra hydroxyl flavonoid that exits in many plants, fruits, and vegetable. Many methods of extraction, isolation, and purification are being used, and therapeutic properties are being under discussion due to its valuable role in nutrition and human health. In this review, we have summarized conventional and novel extraction techniques from most recent research on luteolin, its derivatives, and its biological activities. Maceration, soxhlet, reflux, hydrodistillation, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound microwave-assisted extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and high-speed counter-current chromatography extraction techniques are being used for isolation and purification of these phytochemicals. The anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant, antiviral, heart protective, neurological impairments protection, anti-aging, and whiting properties have been discussed in this review. The literature suggests luteolin and its derivative has many promising health benefits and its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and extraction techniques. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This review aims to highlight the sources, novel extraction techniques, and pharmaceutical properties of luteolin. This review provides enough knowledge about how to get maximum extraction yield of luteolin using the novel extraction techniques. Because its therapeutic activity is strongly associated with isolating and purifying solvents and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rabia Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Theoharides TC, Tsilioni I, Ren H. Recent advances in our understanding of mast cell activation - or should it be mast cell mediator disorders? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:639-656. [PMID: 30884251 PMCID: PMC7003574 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1596800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing number of patients present with multiple symptoms affecting many organs including the brain due to multiple mediators released by mast cells. These unique tissue immune cells are critical for allergic reactions triggered by immunoglobulin E (IgE), but are also stimulated (not activated) by immune, drug, environmental, food, infectious, and stress triggers, leading to secretion of multiple mediators often without histamine and tryptase. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of the spectrum of mast cell disorders are very confusing. As a result, neuropsychiatric symptoms have been left out, and diagnostic criteria made stricter excluding most patients. Areas covered: A literature search was performed on papers published between January 1990 and November 2018 using MEDLINE. Terms used were activation, antihistamines, atopy, autism, brain fog, heparin, KIT mutation, IgE, inflammation, IL-6, IL-31, IL-37, luteolin, mast cells, mastocytosis, mediators, mycotoxins, release, secretion, tetramethoxyluteolin, and tryptase. Expert opinion: Conditions associated with elevated serum or urine levels of any mast cell mediator, in the absence of comorbidities that could explain elevated levels, should be considered 'Mast Cell Mediator Disorders (MCMD).' Emphasis should be placed on the identification of unique mast cell mediators, and development of drugs or supplements that inhibit their release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C. Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irene Tsilioni
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huali Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
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Investigating the Effect of Luteolin on Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Male Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.58271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Connectivity map identifies luteolin as a treatment option of ischemic stroke by inhibiting MMP9 and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 30911000 PMCID: PMC6434019 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore potential new drugs in the treatment of ischemic stroke by Connectivity Map (CMap) and to determine the role of luteolin on ischemic stroke according to its effects on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Based on published gene expression data, differentially expressed genes were obtained by microarray analysis. Potential compounds for ischemic stroke therapy were obtained by CMap analysis. Cytoscape and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to discover signaling pathways connected to ischemic stroke. Cell apoptosis and viability were, respectively, evaluated by flow cytometry and an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to test the expression of MMP9 and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and tissues. Additionally, the infarct volume after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was determined by a TTC (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride) assay. The microarray and CMap analyses identified luteolin as a promising compound for future therapies for ischemic stroke. Cytoscape and GSEA showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was crucial in ischemic stroke. Cell experiments revealed that luteolin enhanced cell viability and downregulated apoptosis via inhibiting MMP9 and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Experiments performed in vivo also demonstrated that luteolin reduced the infarct volume. These results suggest that luteolin has potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke through inhibiting MMP9 and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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De Paepe B, Maertens J, Vanholme B, De Mey M. Chimeric LysR-Type Transcriptional Biosensors for Customizing Ligand Specificity Profiles toward Flavonoids. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:318-331. [PMID: 30563319 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional biosensors enable key applications in both metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. Due to nature's immense variety of metabolites, these applications require biosensors with a ligand specificity profile customized to the researcher's needs. In this work, chimeric biosensors were created by introducing parts of a donor regulatory circuit from Sinorhizobium meliloti, delivering the desired luteolin-specific response, into a nonspecific biosensor chassis from Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Two strategies were evaluated for the development of chimeric LysR-type biosensors with customized ligand specificity profiles toward three closely related flavonoids, naringenin, apigenin, and luteolin. In the first strategy, chimeric promoter regions were constructed at the biosensor effector module, while in the second strategy, chimeric transcription factors were created at the biosensor detector module. Via both strategies, the biosensor repertoire was expanded with luteolin-specific chimeric biosensors demonstrating a variety of response curves and ligand specificity profiles. Starting from the nonspecific biosensor chassis, a shift from 27.5% to 95.3% luteolin specificity was achieved with the created chimeric biosensors. Both strategies provide a compelling, faster, and more accessible route for the customization of biosensor ligand specificity, compared to de novo design and construction of each biosensor circuit for every desired ligand specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht De Paepe
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartel Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University − VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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The Flavone Luteolin Improves Central Nervous System Disorders by Different Mechanisms: A Review. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:491-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Mische LJ, Mowry EM. The Evidence for Dietary Interventions and Nutritional Supplements as Treatment Options in Multiple Sclerosis: a Review. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018; 20:8. [PMID: 29549521 DOI: 10.1007/s11940-018-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to critically evaluate published studies examining diets and nutritional supplements (excepting vitamin D) for the impact on prevention and prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). RECENT FINDINGS There is a negative relationship between the Mediterranean diet and vascular disease, and vascular co-morbidities are associated with a worse MS prognosis. Low-fat, fish-based diets, sodium-restricted diets, calorie restriction, the paleo diet, and gluten-free diets have been examined, mostly in observational studies; results are inconclusive. With regard to nutritional supplements, pilot data show a possible benefit of biotin with respect to disability worsening in people with progressive MS (PMS). The best designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for PUFA supplementation have not shown significant impact, but several weaker RCTs have. Many other nutritional supplements have been tested, including several anti-oxidants. While some early studies show positive results, no result has been definitive. Unfortunately, there is no strong evidence for a direct benefit of any given dietary intervention on MS risk or prognosis. However, due to its relationship with vascular co-morbidities, the Mediterranean diet has the strongest rationale for employment in PwMS. Higher-quality clinical trials are needed to ascertain the possible benefits of nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Mische
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the commonest cause of global mortality and morbidity. Atherosclerosis, the fundamental pathological manifestation of CVDs, is a complex process and is poorly managed both in terms of preventive and therapeutic intervention. Aberrant lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis. These processes can be targeted for effective management of the disease. Although managing lipid metabolism is in the forefront of current therapeutic approaches, controlling inflammation may also prove to be crucial for an efficient treatment regimen of the disease. Flavonoids, the plant-derived polyphenols, are known for their antiinflammatory properties. This review discusses the possible antiatherogenic role of 3 flavonoids, namely, chrysin, quercetin, and luteolin primarily known for their antiinflammatory properties.
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Xia N, Chen G, Liu M, Ye X, Pan Y, Ge J, Mao Y, Wang H, Wang J, Xie S. Anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:4049-4054. [PMID: 28101184 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common organ-specific autoimmune disease and is believed to be a predominately T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 is a crucial transcription factor of T cell-mediated immunity, with key roles in the proliferation and migration of T helper (Th) cells, differentiation of Th cells into Th17 cells, and the balance between Treg cells and Th17 cells. Flavonoid luteolin has been shown to markedly inhibit Tyr705 activation/phosphorylation of STAT3 and exert anti-inflammatory effects in multiple sclerosis. In the present study, the effect of luteolin on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) was analyzed in C57BL/6 mice. Hematoxylin and eosin examination showed that luteolin attenuated lymphocytic infiltration and follicle destruction in thyroid glands. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that luteolin significantly reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 within the thyroid. An in vitro study was carried out in a RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Western blot findings demonstrated that luteolin significantly inhibited interferon-γ-induced increases in cyclooxygenase 2, phosphorylated STAT1 and phosphorylated STAT3 expression levels and the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in supernatants. The present findings indicated that luteolin may exert potent anti-inflammatory effects on murine EAT, which may provide a novel therapeutic medication strategy for the early intervention of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China; Department of Endocrinology, Jingling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Esthetic Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Jingling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jiuyu Ge
- Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jingling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Sijing Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China; Department of Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Parrella E, Porrini V, Iorio R, Benarese M, Lanzillotta A, Mota M, Fusco M, Tonin P, Spano P, Pizzi M. PEA and luteolin synergistically reduce mast cell-mediated toxicity and elicit neuroprotection in cell-based models of brain ischemia. Brain Res 2016; 1648:409-417. [PMID: 27423516 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide belonging to the family of the N-acylethanolamines, and the flavonoid luteolin has been found to exert neuroprotective activities in a variety of mouse models of neurological disorders, including brain ischemia. Indirect findings suggest that the two molecules can reduce the activation of mastocytes in brain ischemia, thus modulating crucial cells that trigger the inflammatory cascade. Though, no evidence exists about a direct effect of PEA and luteolin on mast cells in experimental models of brain ischemia, either used separately or in combination. In order to fill this gap, we developed a novel cell-based model of severe brain ischemia consisting of primary mouse cortical neurons and cloned mast cells derived from mouse fetal liver (MC/9 cells) subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD exposure promoted both mast cell degranulation and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a time-dependent fashion. MC/9 cells exacerbated neuronal damage in neuron-mast cells co-cultures exposed to OGD. Likewise, the conditioned medium derived from OGD-exposed MC/9 cells induced significant neurotoxicity in control primary neurons. PEA and luteolin pre-treatment synergistically prevented the OGD-induced degranulation of mast cells and reduced the neurotoxic potential of MC/9 cells conditioned medium. Finally, the association of the two drugs promoted a direct synergistic neuroprotection even in pure cortical neurons exposed to OGD. In summary, our results indicate that mast cells release neurotoxic factors upon OGD-induced activation. The association PEA-luteolin actively reduces mast cell-mediated neurotoxicity as well as pure neurons susceptibility to OGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Porrini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rosa Iorio
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Benarese
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Lanzillotta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mariana Mota
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | - PierFranco Spano
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy; IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy.
| | - Marina Pizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Brescia, Italy; IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy.
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Šmejkal K, Malaník M, Zhaparkulova K, Sakipova Z, Ibragimova L, Ibadullaeva G, Žemlička M. Kazakh Ziziphora Species as Sources of Bioactive Substances. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070826. [PMID: 27347924 PMCID: PMC6274025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno 61242, Czech Republic.
| | - Karlygash Zhaparkulova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Zuriyadda Sakipova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Liliya Ibragimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Galya Ibadullaeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Milan Žemlička
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice 04181, Slovakia.
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Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Gortzi O, Sobarzo-Sanchez E, Daglia M, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Nabavi SM. Luteolin as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent: A brief review. Brain Res Bull 2015; 119:1-11. [PMID: 26361743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, two billion people will be aged 60 years or older by 2050. Aging is a major risk factor for a number of neurodegenerative disorders. These age-related disorders currently represent one of the most important and challenging health problems worldwide. Therefore, much attention has been directed towards the design and development of neuroprotective agents derived from natural sources. These phytochemicals have demonstrated high efficacy and low adverse effects in multiple in vitro and in vivo studies. Among these phytochemicals, dietary flavonoids are an important and common chemical class of bioactive products, found in several fruits and vegetables. Luteolin is an important flavone, which is found in several plant products, including broccoli, pepper, thyme, and celery. Numerous studies have shown that luteolin possesses beneficial neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Despite this, an overview of the neuroprotective effects of luteolin has not yet been accomplished. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide a review of the available literature regarding the neuroprotective effects of luteolin and its molecular mechanisms of action. Herein, we also review the available literature regarding the chemistry of luteolin, its herbal sources, and bioavailability as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Str., Greece
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostel, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tsilioni I, Panagiotidou S, Theoharides TC. Exosomes in Neurologic and Psychiatric Disorders. Clin Ther 2014; 36:882-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Warford J, Jones QR, Nichols M, Sullivan V, Rupasinghe HV, Robertson GS. The flavonoid-enriched fraction AF4 suppresses neuroinflammation and promotes restorative gene expression in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 268:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Babiaka SB, Judson PN. A bioactivity versus ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants from Nigeria, west Africa. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:1-19. [PMID: 24660132 PMCID: PMC3956980 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal practices play a key role in health care systems in countries with developing economies. The aim of this survey was to validate the use of traditional medicine within local Nigerian communities. In this review, we examine the ethnobotanical uses of selected plant species from the Nigerian flora and attempt to correlate the activities of the isolated bioactive principles with known uses of the plant species in African traditional medicine. Thirty-three (33) plant species were identified and about 100 out of the 120 compounds identified with these plants matched with the ethnobotanical uses of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Philip N. Judson
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, 22-23 Blenheim Terrace, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9HD UK
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PY UK
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Ntie-Kang F, Lifongo LL, Simoben CV, Babiaka SB, Sippl W, Mbaze LM. The uniqueness and therapeutic value of natural products from West African medicinal plants. Part I: uniqueness and chemotaxonomy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an in depth coverage of the natural products derived from West African medicinal plants with diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Lydia L. Lifongo
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Conrad V. Simoben
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Smith B. Babiaka
- Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle, Germany
| | - Luc Meva'a Mbaze
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Douala
- Douala, Cameroon
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Effect of stress on brain inflammation and multiple sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:947-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cheng WY, Chiao MT, Liang YJ, Yang YC, Shen CC, Yang CY. Luteolin inhibits migration of human glioblastoma U-87 MG and T98G cells through downregulation of Cdc42 expression and PI3K/AKT activity. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5315-26. [PMID: 23677714 PMCID: PMC3751389 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin (3′,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) is a common flavonoid in many types of plants and has several beneficial biological effects, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer properties. However, the detail mechanisms of luteolin in suppressing tumor invasion and metastasis are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of luteolin on suppressing glioblastoma tumor cell invasion and migration activity. Under the non-cytotoxic doses (15 and 30 μM), luteolin exhibited an inhibitory effect on migration and invasion in U-87 MG and T98G glioblastoma cells. Additionally, filopodia assembly in U-87 MG cells was markedly suppressed after luteolin treatment. The treatment of luteolin also showed a decrease of Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) protein levels and reduced PI3K/AKT activation, whereas there was no association between this decrease and phosphorylated ERK or altered transcription levels of Cdc42. Over expression of constitutive Cdc42 (Q61L) using transient transfection in U-87 MG cells induced a partial cell migration, but did not affected the degradation of the protein levels of Cdc42 after luteolin treatment. Moreover, inhibition of the proteaosome pathway by MG132 caused a significant recovery in the migration ability of U-87 MG cells and augmented the Cdc42 protein levels after luteolin treatment, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of migration via luteolin treatment is likely to preferentially facilitate the protein degradation of Cdc42. Taken together, the study demonstrated that flavonoids of luteolin prevent the migration of glioblastoma cells by affecting PI3K/AKT activation, modulating the protein expression of Cdc42 and facilitating their degradation via the proteaosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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41
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8th Annual Conference of the European Nutraceutical Association (ENA). ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1159/000343769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ghosh S, Samanta A, Mandal NB, Bannerjee S, Chattopadhyay D. Evaluation of the wound healing activity of methanol extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit leaf and its isolated active constituents in topical formulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:714-722. [PMID: 22683906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pedilanthus tithymaloides leaves are widely used in Indian medicine to heal wounds, burn, mouth ulcers. However, systematic evaluation of these activities is lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to assesses the wound healing activity of Pedilanthus leaves and its isolated constituents in topical ointment formulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract of leaves resulted in the isolation of 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-chromen-4-one and 1, 2-tetradecanediol, 1-(hydrogen sulfate), sodium salt. The ointment formulation of methanol extract (2.5%, 5% w/w) and isolated compounds (0.25% w/w) was prepared and evaluated on excision, incision and dead space wound models in rats. The effects of formulations on wound healing were assessed by the rate of wound closure, period of epithelialization, tensile strength, granulation tissue weight, hydroxyproline content and histopathology. RESULTS Significant wound healing activity was observed with methanol extract and isolated constituents. Topical application of isolated compound ointments caused faster epithelialization, significant wound contraction (95.41%), and better tensile strength (565.33 g) on 16 post-wounding day, while 5% extract showed wound epithelialization with 95.55% contraction on 18th post-wounding day, better than the control group (76.39% on 22 day). The tensile strength of incision wound was significantly increased in extract and compound treated animals. Moreover, in dead space model the extract significantly increased granuloma tissue weight, tensile strength and hydroxyproline content. The tissue histology of ointment treated groups showed complete epithelialization with increased collagenation, compared to the povidone-iodine group. CONCLUSIONS The results validated the traditional use of Pedilanthus tithymaloides for cutaneous wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Anand P, Singh B, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Mast cells: an expanding pathophysiological role from allergy to other disorders. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:657-70. [PMID: 22562473 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mast cells are multi-effector cells with wide distribution in the different body parts and traditionally their role has been well-defined in the development of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions including bronchial asthma. Due to the availability of genetically modified mast cell-deficient mice, the broadened pathophysiological role of mast cells in diverse diseases has been revealed. Mast cells exert different physiological and pathophysiological roles by secreting their granular contents, including vasoactive amines, cytokines and chemokines, and various proteases, including tryptase and chymase. Furthermore, mast cells also synthesize plasma membrane-derived lipid mediators, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, to produce diverse biological actions. The present review discusses the pathophysiological role of mast cells in different diseases, including atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion injury, male infertility, autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, bladder pain syndrome (interstitial cystitis), anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, nociception, obesity and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preet Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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Asadi S, Theoharides TC. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and extracellular mitochondria augment IgE-stimulated human mast-cell vascular endothelial growth factor release, which is inhibited by luteolin. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:85. [PMID: 22559745 PMCID: PMC3464732 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by varying degrees of dysfunctional social abilities, learning deficits, and stereotypic behaviors. Many patients with ASDs have 'allergy-like' symptoms and respond disproportionally to stress. We have previously shown that the peptide neurotensin (NT) is increased in the serum of young children with autism and that can stimulate extracellular secretion of mitochondrial (mt)DNA which was also increased in the serum of these children. METHODS Human mast cells were stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), mitochondrial DNA, IgE/anti-IgE, either for 24 hours to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release by ELISA or for 6 hours or quantitative PCR. RESULTS CRH augmented IgE/anti-IgE-induced human mast-cell release of VEGF and it also induced the expression of IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells. Moreover, sonicated mitochondria also augmented VEGF release, and this effect was blocked by the natural flavone luteolin. CONCLUSION These results indicate that stress and infection-mimicking extracellular mitochondrial components augment allergic inflammation that may be involved in the early pathogenesis of ASDs. Moreover, luteolin inhibits these processes and may be helpful in the treatment of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Asadi
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Constantinescu CS, Farooqi N, O'Brien K, Gran B. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1079-106. [PMID: 21371012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 969] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a complex condition in which the interaction between a variety of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms leads to an approximation of the key pathological features of MS: inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. The counter-regulatory mechanisms of resolution of inflammation and remyelination also occur in EAE, which, therefore can also serve as a model for these processes. Moreover, EAE is often used as a model of cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune conditions in general. EAE has a complex neuropharmacology, and many of the drugs that are in current or imminent use in MS have been developed, tested or validated on the basis of EAE studies. There is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction and the response to various immunological or neuropharmacological interventions, many of which are reviewed here. This makes EAE a very versatile system to use in translational neuro- and immunopharmacology, but the model needs to be tailored to the scientific question being asked. While creating difficulties and underscoring the inherent weaknesses of this model of MS in straightforward translation from EAE to the human disease, this variability also creates an opportunity to explore multiple facets of the immune and neural mechanisms of immune-mediated neuroinflammation and demyelination as well as intrinsic protective mechanisms. This allows the eventual development and preclinical testing of a wide range of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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Luteolin downregulates TLR4, TLR5, NF-κB and p-p38MAPK expression, upregulates the p-ERK expression, and protects rat brains against focal ischemia. Brain Res 2012; 1448:71-81. [PMID: 22377454 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory damage is known to be involved in ischemic stroke. Luteolin has been proved to elicit a series of biologic effects through its anti-inflammatory property in multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Whether this protective effect applies to ischemic injury in brain is still unknown, we therefore investigate the potential neuroprotective role of luteolin in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to pMCAO and luteolin was administered intraperitoneally immediately after surgery, then once daily thereafter. Neurological deficit, infarct volume, and brain water content were measured at 24 h and 72 h after stroke. The expression of TLR4, TLR5, and NF-κB were measured by real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and Western blot. P38MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were detected by IHC, and Western blot. RESULTS Compared with pMCAO group, luteolin significantly alleviated neurological deficit, decreased infarct volume and suppressed edema after ischemic stroke, which were accompanied with decreased expression of TLR4, TLR5, NF-κB and p-p38MAPK. Meanwhile, luteolin activated the expression of p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Luteolin protected the brain from the damage caused by pMCAO, and this effect may be through downregulation of TLR4, TLR5, NF-κB, p38MAPK and upregulation of ERK expression.
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Tang LIC, Ling APK, Koh RY, Chye SM, Voon KGL. Screening of anti-dengue activity in methanolic extracts of medicinal plants. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22244370 PMCID: PMC3269354 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Dengue fever regardless of its serotypes has been the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases among the world population. The development of a dengue vaccine is complicated by the antibody-dependent enhancement effect. Thus, the development of a plant-based antiviral preparation promises a more potential alternative in combating dengue disease. Methods Present studies investigated the antiviral effects of standardised methanolic extracts of Andrographis paniculata, Citrus limon, Cymbopogon citratus, Momordica charantia, Ocimum sanctum and Pelargonium citrosum on dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1). Results O. sanctum contained 88.6% of total flavonoids content, an amount that was the highest among all the six plants tested while the least was detected in M. charantia. In this study, the maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of the six medicinal plants was determined by testing the methanolic extracts against Vero E6 cells in vitro. Studies also determined that the MNTD of methanolic extract was in the decreasing order of M. charantia >C. limon >P. citrosum, O. sanctum >A. paniculata >C. citratus. Antiviral assay based on cytopathic effects (CPE) denoted by degree of inhibition upon treating DENV1-infected Vero E6 cells with MNTD of six medicinal plants showed that A. paniculata has the most antiviral inhibitory effects followed by M. charantia. These results were further verified with an in vitro inhibition assay using MTT, in which 113.0% and 98.0% of cell viability were recorded as opposed to 44.6% in DENV-1 infected cells. Although methanolic extracts of O. sanctum and C. citratus showed slight inhibition effect based on CPE, a significant inhibition was not reflected in MTT assay. Methanolic extracts of C. limon and P. citrosum did not prevent cytopathic effects or cell death from DENV-1. Conclusions The methanol extracts of A. paniculata and M. charantia possess the ability of inhibiting the activity of DENV-1 in in vitro assays. Both of these plants are worth to be further investigated and might be advantageous as an alternative for dengue treatment.
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Theoharides TC, Alysandratos KD, Angelidou A, Delivanis DA, Sismanopoulos N, Zhang B, Asadi S, Vasiadi M, Weng Z, Miniati A, Kalogeromitros D. Mast cells and inflammation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1822:21-33. [PMID: 21185371 PMCID: PMC3318920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are well known for their role in allergic and anaphylactic reactions, as well as their involvement in acquired and innate immunity. Increasing evidence now implicates mast cells in inflammatory diseases where they are activated by non-allergic triggers, such as neuropeptides and cytokines, often exerting synergistic effects as in the case of IL-33 and neurotensin. Mast cells can also release pro-inflammatory mediators selectively without degranulation. In particular, IL-1 induces selective release of IL-6, while corticotropin-releasing hormone secreted under stress induces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. Many inflammatory diseases involve mast cells in cross-talk with T cells, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, which all worsen by stress. How mast cell differential responses are regulated is still unresolved. Preliminary evidence suggests that mitochondrial function and dynamics control mast cell degranulation, but not selective release. Recent findings also indicate that mast cells have immunomodulatory properties. Understanding selective release of mediators could explain how mast cells participate in numerous diverse biologic processes, and how they exert both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive actions. Unraveling selective mast cell secretion could also help develop unique mast cell inhibitors with novel therapeutic applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Decreased mitochondrial function and increased brain inflammation in bipolar disorder and other neuropsychiatric diseases. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:685-7. [PMID: 22020358 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e318239c190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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CAM Interventions for Multiple Sclerosis: Part 1—Diet and Supplements for Relieving Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1089/act.2011.17301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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