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Wang Z, Xia H, Shi J, Fan P, Cao Q, Ding Y, Du X, Yang X. Investigating the Genetic Association of 40 Biochemical Indicators with Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:92. [PMID: 39365399 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully understood, which hinders the development of effective therapies. Research indicates that lower levels of biochemical indicators like bilirubin, vitamin D, and cholesterol may elevate the risk of PD. However, clinical studies on abnormal levels of biochemical indicators in PD patients' circulation are inconsistent, leading to ongoing debate about their association with PD. Here, we investigate the genetic correlation between 40 biochemical indicators and PD using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to uncover potential causal relationships. Data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were utilized, with genetic variations from specific lineages serving as instrumental variables (IVs). The methodology followed the STROBE-MR checklist and adhered to the three principal assumptions of MR. Statistical analyses employed methods including inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Biochemical indicators including albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) showed significant associations with PD risk. Elevated levels of albumin (OR = 1.246, 95% CI 1.006-1.542, P = 0.043) and SHBG (OR = 1.239, 95% CI 1.065-1.439, P = 0.005) were linked to higher PD risk. Conversely, increased CRP levels (OR = 0.663, 95% CI 0.517-0.851; P = 0.001) could potentially lower PD risk. The robustness of the results was confirmed through various MR analysis techniques, including assessments of directional pleiotropy and heterogeneity using MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO methods. This study systematically reveals, for the first time at the genetic level, the relationship between 40 biochemical indicators and PD risk. Our research verifies the role of inflammation in PD and provides new genetic evidence, further advancing the understanding of PD pathogenesis. The study shows a positive correlation between albumin and SHBG with PD risk and a negative correlation between CRP and PD risk. This study identifies for the first time that SHBG may be involved in the onset of PD and potentially worsen disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jianqiao Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Peidong Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qiannan Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yunfa Ding
- Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Marques D, Moura-Louro D, Silva IP, Matos S, Santos CND, Figueira I. Unlocking the potential of low-molecular-weight (Poly)phenol metabolites: Protectors at the blood-brain barrier frontier. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105836. [PMID: 39151552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are an increasing group of chronic and progressive neurological disorders that ultimately lead to neuronal cell failure and death. Despite all efforts throughout decades, their burden on individuals and society still casts one of the most massive socioeconomic problems worldwide. The neuronal failure observed in NDDs results from an intricacy of events, mirroring disease complexity, ranging from protein aggregation, oxidative stress, (neuro)inflammation, and even blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, ultimately leading to cognitive and motor symptoms in patients. As a result of such complex pathobiology, to date, there are still no effective treatments to treat/halt NDDs progression. Fortunately, interest in the bioavailable low molecular weight (LMW) phenolic metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols has been rising due to their multitargeted potential in attenuating multiple NDDs hallmarks. Even if not highly BBB permeant, their relatively high concentrations in the bloodstream arising from the intake of (poly)phenol-rich diets make them ideal candidates to act within the vasculature and particularly at the level of BBB. In this review, we highlight the most recent - though still scarce - studies demonstrating LMW phenolic metabolites' ability to modulate BBB homeostasis, including the improvement of tight and adherens junctional proteins, as well as their power to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress levels in vitro and in vivo. Specific BBB-permeant LMW phenolic metabolites, such as simple phenolic sulfates, have been emerging as strong BBB properties boosters, pleiotropic compounds capable of improving cell fitness under oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further studies should be pursued to obtain a holistic overview of the promising role of LMW phenolic metabolites in NDDs prevention and management to fully harness their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura-Louro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês P Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Matos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Lau K, Kotzur R, Richter F. Blood-brain barrier alterations and their impact on Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and therapy. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 39075566 PMCID: PMC11285262 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations in Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with rapidly rising prevalence. Altered tight junction and transporter protein levels, accumulation of α-synuclein and increase in inflammatory processes lead to extravasation of blood molecules and vessel degeneration. This could result in a self-perpetuating pathophysiology of inflammation and BBB alteration, which contribute to neurodegeneration. Toxin exposure or α-synuclein over-expression in animal models has been shown to initiate similar pathologies, providing a platform to study underlying mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on BBB alterations in PD patients and how rodent models that replicate some of these changes can be used to study disease mechanisms. Specific challenges in assessing the BBB in patients and in healthy controls are discussed. Finally, a potential role of BBB alterations in disease pathogenesis and possible implications for therapy are explored. The interference of BBB alterations with current and novel therapeutic strategies requires more attention. Brain region-specific BBB alterations could also open up novel opportunities to target specifically vulnerable neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Kotzur
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
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Lu J, Wang X, Xu F, Rao C, Guo Y, Su Z, Chen S, Li Q. Exploring causal correlations of inflammatory biomarkers in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1412434. [PMID: 38974901 PMCID: PMC11224557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1412434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Neuroinflammatory processes have been identified as playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of various neurodegenerative diseases, including idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). iNPH, defined as a common disease of cognitive impairment in older adults, poses major challenges for therapeutic interventions owing to the stringent methodological requirements of relevant studies, clinical heterogeneity, unclear etiology, and uncertain diagnostic criteria. This study aims to assess the relationship between circulating inflammatory biomarkers and iNPH risk using bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) combined with meta-analysis. Methods In our bidirectional MR study, genetic data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 1,456 iNPH cases and 409,726 controls of European ancestry were employed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with exposures served as instrumental variables for estimating the causal relationships between iNPH and 132 types of circulating inflammatory biomarkers from corresponding GWAS data. Causal associations were primarily examined using the inverse variance-weighted method, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode analyses. In the results, heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated through the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers test. Sensitivity analysis was conducted through leave-one-out analysis. Reverse MR analyses were performed to mitigate bias from reverse causality. Meta-analyses of identical inflammatory biomarkers from both data sources strengthened the findings. Results Results indicated a genetically predicted association between Interleukin-16 (IL-16) [OR: 1.228, 95% CI: 1.049-1.439, p = 0.011], TNF-related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL) [OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.019-1.210, p = 0.017] and Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) [OR: 1.303, 95% CI: 1.025-1.658, p = 0.031] and the risk of iNPH. Additionally, changes in human Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hGDNF) [OR: 1.044, 95% CI: 1.006-1.084, p = 0.023], Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) [OR: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.098, p = 0.003] and Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) [OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.946-0.997, p = 0.037] levels were identified as possible consequences of iNPH. Conclusion Our MR study of inflammatory biomarkers and iNPH, indicated that IL-16, TRAIL, and uPA contribute to iNPH pathogenesis. Furthermore, iNPH may influence the expression of hGDNF, MMP-1, and IL-12p70. Therefore, targeting specific inflammatory biomarkers could be promising strategy for future iNPH treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianpeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanjie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changjun Rao
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yang J, Lin W, Ma Y, Song H, Mu C, Wu Q, Han C, Zhang J, Liu X. Investigation of the causal association between Parkinson's disease and autoimmune disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370831. [PMID: 38774879 PMCID: PMC11106379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To date, an increasing number of epidemiological evidence has pointed to potential relationships between Parkinson's disease (PD) and various autoimmune diseases (AIDs), however, no definitive conclusions has been drawn about whether PD is causally related to AIDs risk. Methods By employing summary statistics from the latest and most extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal associations between PD and a variety of 17 AIDs, encompassing multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myasthenia gravis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, type 1 diabetes, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and vitiligo. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was adopted as the main statistical approach to obtain the causal estimates of PD on different AIDs, supplemented by a series of complementary analyses (weighted median, MR Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO) for further strengthening the robustness of results. Results Our MR findings suggested that genetically predicted higher liability to PD was causally associated with a decreased risk of irritable bowel syndrome (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; P = 0.032). On the contrary, IVW analysis showed a potential positive correlation between genetically determined PD and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02-1.19; P = 0.010). Subsequent MR tests ended up in similar results, confirming our findings were reliable. Additionally, in the reverse MR analyses, we did not identify any evidence to support the causal relationship of genetic predisposition to AIDs with PD susceptibility. Conclusion In general, a bifunctional role that PD exerted on the risk of developing AIDs was detected in our studies, both protecting against irritable bowel syndrome occurrence and raising the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Future studies, including population-based observational studies and molecular experiments in vitro and in vivo, are warranted to validate the results of our MR analyses and refine the underlying pathological mechanisms involved in PD-AIDs associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Li M, Gan J, Yang X, Liu S, Ji Y. Cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio in patients with Lewy body disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1390036. [PMID: 38756533 PMCID: PMC11096505 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1390036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin ratio (Qalb) levels have been observed in patients with cognitive impairment. Few studies have specifically focused on Lewy Body Disease (LBD), and the results were controversial. Thus, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate Qalb levels in patients with LBD by including data from different studies. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for a collection of studies containing studies comparing Qalb levels in patients with LBD and healthy controls (including healthy controls and other dementia subtypes). In the initial search, 86 relevant papers were retrieved. Standardized mean differences (SMD) in Qalb levels were calculated using a random effects model. Results A total of 13 eligible studies were included. Mean Qalb levels were significantly higher in patients with LBD compared to healthy older adults [standardized mean difference (SMD): 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89-5.00, Z = 2.81, p = 0.005]; and were significantly higher in patients with LBD than in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.42-1.83, Z = 3.15, p = 0.002);whereas mean Qalb levels were significantly higher in patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) compared to those with AD (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI,0.14-2.13, Z = 2.24, p = 0.03). Conclusion Qalb levels were significantly elevated in LBD patients compared with normal older adults and were higher than those in AD patients and FTLD patients, which helped in the differential diagnosis of LBD from other neurodegenerative diseases. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024496616.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Vandendriessche C, Bruggeman A, Foroozandeh J, Van Hoecke L, Dujardin P, Xie J, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Castelein J, Lucci C, De Groef L, Vandenbroucke RE. The Spreading and Effects of Human Recombinant α-Synuclein Preformed Fibrils in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0024-23.2024. [PMID: 38383588 PMCID: PMC10925901 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0024-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients harbor seeding-competent α-synuclein (α-syn) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is mainly produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Nonetheless, little is known about the role of the CSF and the ChP in PD pathogenesis. To address this question, we used an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection mouse model to assess CSF α-syn spreading and its short- and long-term consequences on the brain. Hereby, we made use of seeding-competent, recombinant α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF) that are known to induce aggregation and subsequent spreading of endogenous α-syn in stereotactic tissue injection models. Here, we show that icv-injected PFF, but not monomers (Mono), are rapidly removed from the CSF by interaction with the ChP. Additionally, shortly after icv injection both Mono and PFF were detected in the olfactory bulb and striatum. This spreading was associated with increased inflammation and complement activation in these tissues as well as leakage of the blood-CSF barrier. Despite these effects, a single icv injection of PFF didn't induce a decline in motor function. In contrast, daily icv injections over the course of 5 days resulted in deteriorated grip strength and formation of phosphorylated α-syn inclusions in the brain 2 months later, whereas dopaminergic neuron levels were not affected. These results point toward an important clearance function of the CSF and the ChP, which could mediate removal of PFF from the brain, whereby chronic exposure to PFF in the CSF may negatively impact blood-CSF barrier functionality and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charysse Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arnout Bruggeman
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joyce Foroozandeh
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Brain Institute KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Dujardin
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cristiano Lucci
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Cellular Communication and Neurodegeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Garg P, Würtz F, Hobbie F, Buttgereit K, Aich A, Leite K, Rehling P, Kügler S, Bähr M. Human serum-derived α-synuclein auto-antibodies mediate NMDA receptor-dependent degeneration of CNS neurons. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:62. [PMID: 38419079 PMCID: PMC10902935 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presence of autoantibodies against α-synuclein (α-syn AAb) in serum of the general population has been widely reported. That such peripheral factors may be involved in central nervous system pathophysiology was demonstrated by detection of immunoglobulins (IgGs) in cerebrospinal fluid and brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thus, blood-borne IgGs may reach the brain parenchyma through an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBB). FINDINGS The present study aims to evaluate the patho-physiological impact of α-syn AAbs on primary brain cells, i.e., on spontaneously active neurons and on astrocytes. Exposure of neuron-astrocyte co-cultures to human serum containing α-syn AAbs mediated a dose-dependent reduction of spontaneous neuronal activity, and subsequent neurodegeneration. Removal specifically of α-syn AAbs from the serum prevented neurotoxicity, while purified, commercial antibodies against α-syn mimicked the neurodegenerative effect. Mechanistically, we found a strong calcium flux into neurons preceding α-syn AAbs-induced cell death, specifically through NMDA receptors. NMDA receptor antagonists prevented neurodegeneration upon treatment with α-syn (auto)antibodies. α-syn (auto)antibodies did not affect astrocyte survival. However, in presence of α-syn, astrocytes reacted to α-syn antibodies by secretion of the chemokine RANTES. CONCLUSION These findings provide a novel basis to explain how a combination of BBB impairment and infiltration of IgGs targeting synuclein may contribute to neurodegeneration in PD and argue for caution with α-syn immunization therapies for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pretty Garg
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Würtz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Hobbie
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klemens Buttgereit
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristian Leite
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kügler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Hefermehl AK, Hensen SMM, Versantvoort C, Rothermel A, Şahin U. Automated glycan-bead coupling for high throughput, highly reproducible anti-glycan antibody analysis. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100103. [PMID: 37595636 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Automation of diagnostic assays generally aims to increase reproducibility and throughput while decreasing human errors and hands-on time. Here, we introduce a protocol for the automated chemical conjugation of glycans to color-coded magnetic beads using the KingFisher Flex magnetic particle processor. The resulting glycan-coupled magnetic beads allow the detection of anti-glycan antibodies of different isotypes from various species. By generating anti-glycan antibody profiles, monoclonal antibodies can be screened for their specificity and cross-reactivity, while anti-glycan antibody profiles from different human body fluids can aid in predicting response to treatment or outcome of disease. This efficient, scalable protocol can also be adapted to attach proteins and other biomolecules to beads, making it useful for a wider range of applications that require bead-based laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Katharina Hefermehl
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | - Carina Versantvoort
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrée Rothermel
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Freiligrathstr. 12, Mainz, Germany
| | - Uğur Şahin
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Li F, Weng G, Zhou H, Zhang W, Deng B, Luo Y, Tao X, Deng M, Guo H, Zhu S, Wang Q. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio are correlated with the severity of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1322228. [PMID: 38322584 PMCID: PMC10844449 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1322228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the correlation between peripheral inflammatory markers and the severity of PD remains unclear. Methods The following items in plasma were collected for assessment among patients with PD (n = 303) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 303) were assessed for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-high-density-lipoprotein ratio (NHR) in plasma, and neuropsychological assessments were performed for all patients with PD. Spearman rank or Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between the NLR, the LMR and the NHR and the severity of PD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the NLR, LMR and NHR for PD. Results The plasma NLR and NHR were substantially higher in patients with PD than in HCs, while the plasma LMR was substantially lower. The plasma NLR was positively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (H&Y), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, and UPDRS-III scores. Conversely, it exhibited a negative relationship with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Furthermore, the plasma NHR was positively correlated with H&Y, UPDRS, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II and UPDRS-III scores. Moreover, negative associations were established between the plasma LMR and H&Y, UPDRS, UPDRS-I, UPDRS-II, and UPDRS-III scores. Finally, based on the ROC curve analysis, the NLR, LMR and NHR exhibited respectable PD discriminating power. Conclusion Our research indicates that a higher NLR and NHR and a lower LMR may be relevant for assessing the severity of PD and appear to be promising disease-state biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
| | - Guomei Weng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Tao
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, The Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haiqiang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dafeng Hospital of Chaoyang District in Shantou City, Shantou, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Fernandes M, Maio S, Eusebi P, Placidi F, Izzi F, Spanetta M, De Masi C, Lupo C, Calvello C, Nuccetelli M, Bernardini S, Mercuri NB, Liguori C. Cerebrospinal-fluid biomarkers for predicting phenoconversion in patients with isolated rapid-eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad198. [PMID: 37542734 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Patients with isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. This study assessed cerebrospinal-fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) alteration in patients with iRBD compared to controls and ascertain whether these biomarkers may predict phenoconversion to alpha-synucleinopathies (Parkinson's Disease (PD), Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)). METHODS Patients and controls underwent between 2012 and 2016 a neurological assessment, a lumbar puncture for CSF biomarker analysis (β-amyloid42 - Aβ42; total-tau, and phosphorylated tau), and BBB alteration (CSF/serum albumin ratio). All patients with iRBD were followed until 2021 and then classified into patients who converted to alpha-synucleinopathies (iRBD converters, cRBD) or not (iRBD non-converters, ncRBD). RESULTS Thirty-four patients with iRBD (mean age 67.12 ± 8.14) and 33 controls (mean age 64.97 ± 8.91) were included. At follow-up (7.63 ± 3.40 years), eight patients were ncRBD and 33 patients were cRBD: eleven converted to PD, 10 to DLB, and two to MSA. Patients with iRBD showed lower CSF Aβ42 levels and higher CSF/serum albumin ratio than controls. Cox regression analysis showed that the phenoconversion rate increases with higher motor impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, p = 0.032). CSF Aβ42 levels predicted phenoconversion to DLB (HR = 0.67, p = 0.038) and BBB alteration predicted phenoconversion to PD (HR = 1.20, p = 0.038). DISCUSSION This study showed that low CSF Aβ42 levels and high BBB alteration may predict the phenoconversion to DLB and PD in patients with iRBD, respectively. These findings highlight the possibility to discriminate phenoconversion in iRBD patients through CSF biomarkers; however, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Maio
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Eusebi
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Placidi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Izzi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Spanetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia De Masi
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Clementina Lupo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Calvello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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12
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Kilgore MO, Hubbard WB. Effects of Low-Level Blast on Neurovascular Health and Cerebral Blood Flow: Current Findings and Future Opportunities in Neuroimaging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:642. [PMID: 38203813 PMCID: PMC10779081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-level blast (LLB) exposure can lead to alterations in neurological health, cerebral vasculature, and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The development of cognitive issues and behavioral abnormalities after LLB, or subconcussive blast exposure, is insidious due to the lack of acute symptoms. One major hallmark of LLB exposure is the initiation of neurovascular damage followed by the development of neurovascular dysfunction. Preclinical studies of LLB exposure demonstrate impairment to cerebral vasculature and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at both early and long-term stages following LLB. Neuroimaging techniques, such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been utilized in clinical investigations to understand brain perfusion and CBF changes in response to cumulative LLB exposure. In this review, we summarize neuroimaging techniques that can further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of blast-related neurotrauma, specifically after LLB. Neuroimaging related to cerebrovascular function can contribute to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for LLB. As these same imaging modalities can capture the effects of LLB exposure in animal models, neuroimaging can serve as a gap-bridging diagnostic tool that permits a more extensive exploration of potential relationships between blast-induced changes in CBF and neurovascular health. Future research directions are suggested, including investigating chronic LLB effects on cerebral perfusion, exploring mechanisms of dysautoregulation after LLB, and measuring cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in preclinical LLB models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison O. Kilgore
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - W. Brad Hubbard
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lexington Veterans’ Affairs Healthcare System, Lexington, KY 40502, USA
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13
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Koukoulis TF, Beauchamp LC, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, McQuade RM, Purnianto A, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ, Vella LJ. Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:227-244. [PMID: 38427502 PMCID: PMC10977405 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. It has been suggested that the etiology of idiopathic PD is complex and multifactorial involving environmental contributions, such as viral or bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. With advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and the mammalian immune system functionally interact. Recent findings suggest that a shift in the gut microbiome to a pro-inflammatory phenotype may play a role in PD onset and progression. While there are links between gut bacteria, inflammation, and PD, the bacterial products involved and how they traverse the gut lumen and distribute systemically to trigger inflammation are ill-defined. Mechanisms emerging in other research fields point to a role for small, inherently stable vesicles released by Gram-negative bacteria, called outer membrane vesicles in disease pathogenesis. These vesicles facilitate communication between bacteria and the host and can shuttle bacterial toxins and virulence factors around the body to elicit an immune response in local and distant organs. In this perspective article, we hypothesize a role for bacterial outer membrane vesicles in PD pathogenesis. We present evidence suggesting that these outer membrane vesicles specifically from Gram-negative bacteria could potentially contribute to PD by traversing the gut lumen to trigger local, systemic, and neuroinflammation. This perspective aims to facilitate a discussion on outer membrane vesicles in PD and encourage research in the area, with the goal of developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana F. Koukoulis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adityas Purnianto
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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14
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de Rus Jacquet A, Alpaugh M, Denis HL, Tancredi JL, Boutin M, Decaestecker J, Beauparlant C, Herrmann L, Saint-Pierre M, Parent M, Droit A, Breton S, Cicchetti F. The contribution of inflammatory astrocytes to BBB impairments in a brain-chip model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3651. [PMID: 37339976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction has previously been linked to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). Among their many roles, astrocytes are mediators of the brain immune response, and astrocyte reactivity is a pathological feature of PD. They are also involved in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but barrier integrity is compromised in people with PD. This study focuses on an unexplored area of PD pathogenesis by characterizing the interplay between astrocytes, inflammation and BBB integrity, and by combining patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with microfluidic technologies to generate a 3D human BBB chip. Here we report that astrocytes derived from female donors harboring the PD-related LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and fail to support the formation of a functional capillary in vitro. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 signaling attenuates the inflammatory profile of mutant astrocytes and rescues BBB formation, providing insights into mechanisms regulating barrier integrity in PD. Lastly, we confirm that vascular changes are also observed in the human postmortem substantia nigra of both males and females with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Rus Jacquet
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - M Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
- Cell Biology R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, 21704, USA
| | - M Boutin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - J Decaestecker
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - C Beauparlant
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - L Herrmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - M Parent
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - A Droit
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Endocrinologie et Néphrologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - S Breton
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - F Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
- Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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15
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Wu JR, Hernandez Y, Miyasaki KF, Kwon EJ. Engineered nanomaterials that exploit blood-brain barrier dysfunction fordelivery to the brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114820. [PMID: 37054953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated physical and functional boundarythat tightly controls the transport of materials between the blood and the brain. There is an increasing recognition that the BBB is dysfunctional in a wide range of neurological disorders; this dysfunction can be symptomatic of the disease but can also play a role in disease etiology. BBB dysfunction can be exploited for the delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials. Forexample, there can be a transient, physical disruption of the BBB in diseases such as brain injury and stroke, which allows temporary access of nanomaterials into the brain. Physicaldisruption of the BBB through external energy sources is now being clinically pursued toincrease therapeutic delivery into the brain. In other diseases, the BBB takes on new properties that can beleveraged by delivery carriers. For instance, neuroinflammation induces the expression ofreceptors on the BBB that can be targeted by ligand-modified nanomaterials and theendogenous homing of immune cells into the diseased brain can be hijacked for the delivery ofnanomaterials. Lastly, BBB transport pathways can be altered to increase nanomaterial transport. In this review, we will describe changes that can occur in the BBB in disease, and how these changes have been exploited by engineered nanomaterials forincreased transport into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yazmin Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Katelyn F Miyasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine.
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16
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The Relationships Among Metal Homeostasis, Mitochondria, and Locus Coeruleus in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Potential Pathogenetic Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:963-989. [PMID: 35635600 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
While alterations in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system are present during early stages of neuropsychiatric disorders, it is unclear what causes these changes and how they contribute to other pathologies in these conditions. Data suggest that the onset of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia is associated with metal dyshomeostasis that causes glial cell mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperactivation in the locus coeruleus. The effect of the overactive locus coeruleus on the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and prefrontal cortex can be responsible for some of the psychiatric symptoms. Although locus coeruleus overactivation may diminish over time, neuroinflammation-induced alterations are presumably ongoing due to continued metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In early Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction likely induce locus coeruleus hyperactivation, pathological tau or α-synuclein formation, and neurodegeneration, while reduction of glymphatic and cerebrospinal fluid flow might be responsible for β-amyloid aggregation in the olfactory regions before the onset of dementia. It is possible that the overactive noradrenergic system stimulates the apoptosis signaling pathway and pathogenic protein formation, leading to further pathological changes which can occur in the presence or absence of locus coeruleus hypoactivation. Data are presented in this review indicating that although locus coeruleus hyperactivation is involved in pathological changes at prodromal and early stages of these neuropsychiatric disorders, metal dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction are critical factors in maintaining ongoing neuropathology throughout the course of these conditions. The proposed mechanistic model includes multiple pharmacological sites that may be targeted for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders commonly.
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17
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Makdissi S, Parsons BD, Di Cara F. Towards early detection of neurodegenerative diseases: A gut feeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1087091. [PMID: 36824371 PMCID: PMC9941184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1087091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract communicates with the nervous system through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, which consists of multiple connections, including the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, the immune system, endocrine signals, the microbiota, and its metabolites. Alteration of communications in the gut-brain axis is emerging as an overlooked cause of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a common feature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that are incurable and debilitating conditions resulting in progressive degeneration and death of neurons, such as in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. NDs are a leading cause of global death and disability, and the incidences are expected to increase in the following decades if prevention strategies and successful treatment remain elusive. To date, the etiology of NDs is unclear due to the complexity of the mechanisms of diseases involving genetic and environmental factors, including diet and microbiota. Emerging evidence suggests that changes in diet, alteration of the microbiota, and deregulation of metabolism in the intestinal epithelium influence the inflammatory status of the neurons linked to disease insurgence and progression. This review will describe the leading players of the so-called diet-microbiota-gut-brain (DMGB) axis in the context of NDs. We will report recent findings from studies in model organisms such as rodents and fruit flies that support the role of diets, commensals, and intestinal epithelial functions as an overlooked primary regulator of brain health. We will finish discussing the pivotal role of metabolisms of cellular organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes in maintaining the DMGB axis and how alteration of the latter can be used as early disease makers and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
| | - Brendon D. Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS, Canada
- IWK Health Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, Canada
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18
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Ryman S, Vakhtin AA, Richardson SP, Lin HC. Microbiome-gut-brain dysfunction in prodromal and symptomatic Lewy body diseases. J Neurol 2023; 270:746-758. [PMID: 36355185 PMCID: PMC9886597 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Lewy body diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, vary in their clinical phenotype but exhibit the same defining pathological feature, α-synuclein aggregation. Microbiome-gut-brain dysfunction may play a role in the initiation or progression of disease processes, though there are multiple potential mechanisms. We discuss the need to evaluate gastrointestinal mechanisms of pathogenesis across Lewy body diseases, as disease mechanisms likely span across diagnostic categories and a 'body first' clinical syndrome may better account for the heterogeneity of clinical presentations across the disorders. We discuss two primary hypotheses that suggest that either α-synuclein aggregation occurs in the gut and spreads in a prion-like fashion to the brain or systemic inflammatory processes driven by gastrointestinal dysfunction contribute to the pathophysiology of Lewy body diseases. Both of these hypotheses posit that dysbiosis and intestinal permeability are key mechanisms and potential treatment targets. Ultimately, this work can identify early interventions targeting initial disease pathogenic processes before the development of overt motor and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sephira Ryman
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Andrei A Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Department of Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
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19
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Gao M, Zhang C, Gao L, Sun S, Song L, Liu S. Association between C-reactive protein-albumin ratio and overall survival in Parkinson's disease using publicly available data: A retrospective cohort study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12671. [PMID: 36747520 PMCID: PMC9898616 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, many studies have confirmed that inflammation plays a central role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The inflammatory index is related to the prognosis of the disease, but a single inflammatory index has some limitations. The C-reactive protein-albumin ratio (CAR) is a better marker of inflammation or nutritional status than C-reactive protein (CRP) or albumin (Alb), but there is limited study on the association between CAR and the overall survival (OS) of PD. Object To study the association between CAR and OS in PD patients. Methods All of these data were obtained from the Dryad Digital Repository, based on which we conducted a secondary analysis. The study was conducted by the Department of Neurology, the National Regional Center for Neurological Disorders, and the National Hospital of Utano study between March 2004 to November 2007. The final analytic sample included 235 PD patients with the outcome of survival or all-cause death from the study registration to the endpoint. In this study, univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the association between CAR and OS in PD patients was explored by Kaplan-Meier curve and subgroup analysis. Results This study included 235 PD patients with an average age of 62.25 years, including 135 females and 100 males, and 45 died during the follow-up period. CAR was associated with gender, modified Hoehn-Yahr stages (mH-Y), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of PD patients. In the COX multivariate regression model, after adjusting the age, gender, PD duration, mH-Y, MMSE, and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, CAR was found to be associated with the OS in PD (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.01-2.34, p = 0.044). Subgroup analysis showed that the subgroup did not play an interactive role in the association between the prognosis of patients with CAR and PD (p for interaction >0.05), and the results remained stable. Conclusions The all-cause mortality of PD patients with a high level of CAR is higher, which indicates that the poor overall survival of PD patients is associated with the increase of CAR. The CAR may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for PD patients.
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Key Words
- Alb, albumin
- Biomarker
- C-reactive protein-albumin ratio
- CAR, C-reactive protein
- CI, Confidence interval
- CRP, C-reactive protein-albumin ratio
- HR, Hazard ratio
- IQR, Interquartile range
- MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination
- NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Overall survival
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- Prognosis
- mH-Y, Modified Hoehn-Yahr stages
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan University of West China Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanmei Sun
- Department of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lucheng Song
- Department of TCM, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding author.
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20
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Gan J, Yang X, Zhang G, Li X, Liu S, Zhang W, Ji Y. Alzheimer's disease pathology: pathways between chronic vascular risk factors and blood-brain barrier dysfunction in a cohort of patients with different types of dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1088140. [PMID: 37213537 PMCID: PMC10194826 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1088140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown is considered a potential mechanism of dementia. The Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers and vascular factors are also associated with BBB permeability. Objective In the present study, the combination effects of neuropathological biomarkers of AD and chronic vascular risk factors for BBB were investigated. Methods The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum albumin ratio (Qalb), an indicator of BBB permeability, was measured in a total of 95 hospitalized dementia patients. The demographics, clinical information, and laboratory tests were collected from the inpatient records. The CSF neuropathological biomarkers of AD and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were also collected. The mediation analysis model was used to calculate the associations among neuropathological biomarkers of AD (mediator), the Qalb, and chronic vascular risk factors. Results Three types of dementia, AD (n = 52), Lewy body dementia (LBD, n = 19), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (n = 24), were included with a mean Qalb of 7.18 (± 4.36). The Qalb was significantly higher in dementia patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, p = 0.004) but did not differ based on the presence of APOE ε4 allele, CMBs, or amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework. The Qalb was negatively associated with the levels of Aβ1-42 (B = -20.775, p = 0.009) and Aβ1-40 (B = -305.417, p = 0.005) and positively associated with the presence of T2DM (B = 3.382, p < 0.001) and the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb, B = 1.163, p < 0.001) and fasting blood glucose (FBG, B = 1.443, p < 0.001). GHb is a direct chronic vascular risk factor for higher Qalb (total effect B = 1.135, 95% CI: 0.611-1.659, p < 0.001). Ratios of Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 or t-tau/Aβ1-42 were mediators of the association between the Qalb and GHb; the direct effect of GHb on the Qalb was 1.178 (95% CI: 0.662-1.694, p < 0.001). Conclusion Glucose exposure can directly or indirectly affect BBB integrity through Aβ and tau, indicating glucose affects BBB breakdown and glucose stability plays an important role in dementia protection and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghuan Gan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guili Zhang
- Department of Cognitive Disorder, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Cognitive Disorder, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cognitive Disorder, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Dementia Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Ji
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21
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Poudyal NR, Paul KS. Fatty acid uptake in Trypanosoma brucei: Host resources and possible mechanisms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:949409. [PMID: 36478671 PMCID: PMC9719944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.949409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei spp. causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans and nagana, a wasting disease, in cattle. As T. brucei goes through its life cycle in its mammalian and insect vector hosts, it is exposed to distinct environments that differ in their nutrient resources. One such nutrient resource is fatty acids, which T. brucei uses to build complex lipids or as a potential carbon source for oxidative metabolism. Of note, fatty acids are the membrane anchoring moiety of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchors of the major surface proteins, Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) and the Procyclins, which are implicated in parasite survival in the host. While T. brucei can synthesize fatty acids de novo, it also readily acquires fatty acids from its surroundings. The relative contribution of parasite-derived vs. host-derived fatty acids to T. brucei growth and survival is not known, nor have the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid uptake been defined. To facilitate experimental inquiry into these important aspects of T. brucei biology, we addressed two questions in this review: (1) What is known about the availability of fatty acids in different host tissues where T. brucei can live? (2) What is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating fatty acid uptake in T. brucei? Finally, based on existing biochemical and genomic data, we suggest a model for T. brucei fatty acid uptake that proposes two major routes of fatty acid uptake: diffusion across membranes followed by intracellular trapping, and endocytosis of host lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nava Raj Poudyal
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly S. Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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22
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Molecular and Cellular Interactions in Pathogenesis of Sporadic Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113043. [PMID: 36361826 PMCID: PMC9657547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of the population all around the world suffer from age-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). This disorder presents different signs of genetic, epigenetic and environmental origin, and molecular, cellular and intracellular dysfunction. At the molecular level, α-synuclein (αSyn) was identified as the principal molecule constituting the Lewy bodies (LB). The gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD and may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through mitochondrial dysfunction. The most important pathogenetic link is an imbalance of Ca2+ ions, which is associated with redox imbalance in the cells and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that cause these disorders and their cause-and-effect relationships are considered. As a constituent of environmental factors, the example of organophosphates (OPs) is also reviewed. The role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of PD is discussed, and a ‘triple hit hypothesis’ is proposed as a modification of Braak’s dual hit one. In the absence of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, more and more evidence is emerging about the positive impact of nutritional structure and healthy lifestyle on the state of blood vessels and the risk of developing these diseases.
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23
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Wong YY, Wu CY, Yu D, Kim E, Wong M, Elez R, Zebarth J, Ouk M, Tan J, Liao J, Haydarian E, Li S, Fang Y, Li P, Pakosh M, Tartaglia MC, Masellis M, Swardfager W. Biofluid markers of blood-brain barrier disruption and neurodegeneration in Lewy body spectrum diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:119-128. [PMID: 35760718 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed evidence supports blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in Lewy body spectrum diseases. METHODS We compare biofluid markers in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and people with PD dementia (PDD) and/or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), compared with healthy controls (HC). Seven databases were searched up to May 10, 2021. Outcomes included cerebrospinal fluid to blood albumin ratio (Qalb), and concentrations of 7 blood protein markers that also reflect BBB disruption and/or neurodegenerative co-pathology. We further explore differences between PD patients with and without evidence of dementia. Random-effects models were used to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of 13,949 unique records, 51 studies were meta-analyzed. Compared to HC, Qalb was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 224/563; SMD = 0.960 [0.227-1.694], p = 0.010; I2 = 92.2%) and in PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 265/670; SMD = 1.126 [0.358-1.893], p < 0.001; I2 = 78.2%). Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 1848/1130; SMD = 0.747 [0.442-1.052], p < 0.001; I2 = 91.9%) and PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 183/469; SMD = 1.051 [0.678-1.423], p = 0.004; I2 = 92.7%) than in HC. p-tau 181 (NPD/NHC = 276/164; SMD = 0.698 [0.149-1.247], p = 0.013; I2 = 82.7%) was also higher in PD compared to HC. In exploratory analyses, blood NfL was higher in PD without dementia (NPDND/NHC = 1005/740; SMD = 0.252 [0.042-0.462], p = 0.018; I2 = 71.8%) and higher in PDD (NPDD/NHC = 100/111; SMD = 0.780 [0.347-1.214], p < 0.001; I2 = 46.7%) compared to HC. Qalb (NPDD/NPDND = 63/191; SMD = 0.482 [0.189-0.774], p = 0.010; I2<0.001%) and NfL (NPDD/NPDND = 100/223; SMD = 0.595 [0.346-0.844], p < 0.001; I2 = 3.4%) were higher in PDD than in PD without dementia. CONCLUSIONS Biofluid markers suggest BBB disruption and neurodegenerative co-pathology involvement in common Lewy body diseases. Greater evidence of BBB breakdown was seen in Lewy body disease with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Elez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Zebarth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Tan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Haydarian
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siming Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaolu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peihao Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Library & Information Services, UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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24
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 PMCID: PMC9117484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Jeremy Quintana
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Sareh Parangi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Miles Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, United States; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States.
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25
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Shojai S, Haeri Rohani SA, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Habibi-Rezaei M. Human serum albumin in neurodegeneration. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:803-817. [PMID: 35363449 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin (SA) exists in relatively high concentrations, in close contact with most cells. However, in the adult brain, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), SA concentration is relatively low. It is mainly produced in the liver to serve as the main protein of the blood plasma. In the plasma, it functions as a carrier, chaperon, antioxidant, source of amino acids, osmoregulator, etc. As a carrier, it facilitates the stable presence and transport of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, including free fatty acids, steroid hormones, medicines, and metal ions. As a chaperon, SA binds to and protects other proteins. As an antioxidant, thanks to a free sulfhydryl group (-SH), albumin is responsible for most antioxidant properties of plasma. These functions qualify SA as a major player in, and a mirror of, overall health status, aging, and neurodegeneration. The low concentration of SA is associated with cognitive deterioration in the elderly and negative prognosis in multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). SA has been shown to be structurally modified in neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). During blood-brain barrier damage albumin enters the brain tissue and could trigger epilepsy and neurodegeneration. SA is able to bind to the precursor agent of the AD, amyloid-beta (Aβ), preventing its toxic effects in the periphery, and is being tested for treating this disease. SA therapy may also be effective in brain rejuvenation. In the current review, we will bring forward the prominent properties and roles of SA in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Shojai
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Nano-Biomedicine Center of Excellence, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Guo T, Chen L. Gut microbiota and inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: Pathogenetic and therapeutic insights. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221083763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. With the acceleration of population aging process, the incidence of PD is expected to increase, putting a heavy burden on the whole society. Recent studies have found the alterations of gut microbiota (GM) in PD patients and the clinical relevance of these changes, indicating the underlying relationship between GM and PD. Additionally, elevated inflammatory responses originating from the gut play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of PD, which is closely associated with GM. In this review, we will summarize recent studies on the correlation between GM and PD, and discuss the possible pathogenesis of PD mediated by GM and subsequent inflammatory cascades. We will also focus on the promising GM-based therapeutic strategies of PD, including antibiotics, probiotics and/or prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions, aiming to provide some new therapeutic insights for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Paul G, Elabi OF. Microvascular Changes in Parkinson’s Disease- Focus on the Neurovascular Unit. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:853372. [PMID: 35360216 PMCID: PMC8960855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.853372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular alterations emerge as a common denominator for several neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a number of observations have been made suggesting that the occurrence of vascular pathology is an important pathophysiological aspect of the disease. Specifically, pathological activation of pericytes, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, pathological angiogenesis and vascular regression have been reported. This review summarizes the current evidence for the different vascular alterations in patients with PD and in animal models of PD. We suggest a possible sequence of vascular pathology in PD ranging from early pericyte activation and BBB leakage to an attempt for compensatory angiogenesis and finally vascular rarefication. We highlight different pathogenetic mechanisms that play a role in these vascular alterations including perivascular inflammation and concomitant metabolic disease. Awareness of the contribution of vascular events to the pathogenesis of PD may allow the identification of targets to modulate those mechanisms. In particular the BBB has for decades only been viewed as an obstacle for drug delivery, however, preservation of its integrity and/or modulation of the signaling at this interface between the blood and the brain may prove to be a new avenue to take in order to develop disease-modifying strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Gesine Paul,
| | - Osama F. Elabi
- Translational Neurology Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Lan G, Wang P, Chan RB, Liu Z, Yu Z, Liu X, Yang Y, Zhang J. Astrocytic VEGFA: An essential mediator in blood-brain-barrier disruption in Parkinson's disease. Glia 2021; 70:337-353. [PMID: 34713920 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) is essential for normal brain functions, synaptic remodeling, and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is a common pathology during Parkinson's disease (PD), and has been hypothesized to contribute to the progression of PD. However, the molecular mechanism of BBB disruption in PD needs further investigation. Here, A53T PD mouse and a 3-cell type in vitro BBB model were used to study the roles of α-synuclein (α-syn) in BBB disruption with the key results confirmed in the brains of PD patients obtained at autopsy. The A53T PD mouse studies showed that the expression of tight junction-related proteins decreased, along with increased vascular permeability and accumulation of oligomeric α-syn in activated astrocytes in the brain. The in vitro BBB model studies demonstrated that treatment with oligomeric α-syn, but not monomeric or fibrillar α-syn, resulted in significant disruption of BBB integrity. This process involved the expression and release of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and nitric oxide (NO) from oligomeric α-syn treated astrocytes. Increased levels of VEGFA and iNOS were also observed in the brain of PD patients. Blocking the VEGFA signaling pathway in the in vitro BBB model effectively protected the barrier against the harmful effects of oligomeric α-syn. Finally, the protective effects on BBB integrity associated with inhibition of VEGFA signaling pathway was also confirmed in PD mice. Taken together, our study concluded that oligomeric α-syn is critically involved in PD-associated BBB disruption, in a process that is mediated by astrocyte-derived VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Lan
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Zongran Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Yu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,National Health and Disease Human Brain Tissue Resource Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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29
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Hanafy AS, Dietrich D, Fricker G, Lamprecht A. Blood-brain barrier models: Rationale for selection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113859. [PMID: 34246710 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain delivery is a broad research area, the outcomes of which are far hindered by the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Over the last century, research has been revealing the BBB complexity and the crosstalk between its cellular and molecular components. Pathologically, BBB alterations may precede as well as be concomitant or lead to brain diseases. To simulate the BBB and investigate options for drug delivery, several in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, in situ and in silico models are used. Hundreds of drug delivery vehicles successfully pass preclinical trials but fail in clinical settings. Inadequate selection of BBB models is believed to remarkably impact the data reliability leading to unsatisfactory results in clinical trials. In this review, we suggest a rationale for BBB model selection with respect to the addressed research question and downstream applications. The essential considerations of an optimal BBB model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sayed Hanafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Sommonte F, Arduino I, Racaniello GF, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. The Complexity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Concept of Age-Related Brain Targeting: Challenges and Potential of Novel Solid Lipid-Based Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:577-592. [PMID: 34469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) are one of the most exciting challenges of recent years, as they are ubiquitous and affect all ages. Although these disorders show different etiologies, all treatments share the same difficulty represented by the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). This barrier acts as a protective system of the delicate cerebral microenvironment, isolating it and making extremely arduous delivering drugs to the brain. To overtake the obstacles provided by the BBB it is essential to explore the changes that affect it, to understand how to exploit these findings in the study and design of innovative brain targeted formulations. Interestingly, the concept of age-related targeting could prove to be a winning choice, as it allows to consider the type of treatment according to the different needs and peculiarities depending on the disease and the age of onset. In this review was considered the prospective contribution of lipid-based formulations, namely Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), which have been highlighted as able to overcome some limitations of other innovative approaches, thus representing a promising strategy for the non-invasive specific treatment of CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Zanardi A, Barbariga M, Conti A, Vegliani F, Curnis F, Alessio M. Oxidized/deamidated-ceruloplasmin dysregulates choroid plexus epithelial cells functionality and barrier properties via RGD-recognizing integrin binding. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105474. [PMID: 34384868 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPEpiCs) determine the composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and constitute the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), functions that are altered in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD) the pathological environment oxidizes and deamidates the ceruloplasmin, a CSF-resident ferroxidase, which undergoes a gain of RGD-recognizing integrin binding property, that may result in signal transduction. We investigated the effects that oxidized/deamidated ceruloplasmin (Cp-ox/de) may exert on CPEpiCs functions. Through RGD-recognizing integrins binding, Cp-ox/de mediates CPEpiCs adhesion and intracellular signaling, resulting in cell proliferation inhibition and alteration of the secretome profile in terms of proteins related to cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Oxidative conditions, comparable to those found in the CSF of PD patients, induced CPEpiCs barrier leakage, allowing Cp-ox/de to cross it, transducing integrins-mediated signal that further worsens BCSFB integrity. This mechanism might contribute to PD pathological processes altering CSF composition and aggravating the already compromised BCSFB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Zanardi
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Barbariga
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Conti
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Franco Vegliani
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Tumor Biology and Vascular Targeting, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS-Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Wu YC, Sonninen TM, Peltonen S, Koistinaho J, Lehtonen Š. Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurodegenerative Diseases-Modeling with iPSC-Derived Brain Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7710. [PMID: 34299328 PMCID: PMC8307585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the delivery of oxygen and important nutrients to the brain through active and passive transport and prevents neurotoxins from entering the brain. It also has a clearance function and removes carbon dioxide and toxic metabolites from the central nervous system (CNS). Several drugs are unable to cross the BBB and enter the CNS, adding complexity to drug screens targeting brain disorders. A well-functioning BBB is essential for maintaining healthy brain tissue, and a malfunction of the BBB, linked to its permeability, results in toxins and immune cells entering the CNS. This impairment is associated with a variety of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the BBB in neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we focus on recent progress of using human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived models to study the BBB. We review the potential of novel stem cell-based platforms in modeling the BBB and address advances and key challenges of using stem cell technology in modeling the human BBB. Finally, we highlight future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Wu
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Tuuli-Maria Sonninen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Sanni Peltonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (Y.-C.W.); (T.-M.S.); (S.P.); (J.K.)
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Tandon A, Singh SJ, Chaturvedi RK. Nanomedicine against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1507-1545. [PMID: 33087025 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021140904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are the two most rampant neurodegenerative disorders worldwide. Existing treatments have a limited effect on the pathophysiology but are unable to fully arrest the progression of the disease. This is due to the inability of these therapeutic molecules to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. We discuss how nanotechnology has enabled researchers to develop novel and efficient nano-therapeutics against these diseases. The development of nanotized drug delivery systems has permitted an efficient, site-targeted, and controlled release of drugs in the brain, thereby presenting a revolutionary therapeutic approach. Nanoparticles are also being thoroughly studied and exploited for their role in the efficient and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative conditions. We summarize the role of different nano-carriers and RNAi-conjugated nanoparticle-based therapeutics for their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. We also discuss the challenges underlying the use of nanomedicine with a focus on their route of administration, concentration, metabolism, and any toxic effects for successful therapeutics in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangh J Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish K Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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34
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Schirinzi T, Landi D, Liguori C. COVID-19: dealing with a potential risk factor for chronic neurological disorders. J Neurol 2021; 268:1171-1178. [PMID: 32852580 PMCID: PMC7450256 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 infection is responsible for a complex clinical syndrome, named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), whose main consequences are severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Occurrence of acute and subacute neurological manifestations (encephalitis, stroke, headache, seizures, Guillain-Barrè syndrome) is increasingly reported in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, SARS-CoV2 immunopathology and tissue colonization in the gut and the central nervous system, and the systemic inflammatory response during COVID-19 may potentially trigger chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy present several pathogenic mechanisms that can be hypothetically initiated by SARS-CoV2 infection in susceptible individuals. In this short narrative review, we summarize the clinical evidence supporting the rationale for investigating SARS-CoV2 infection as risk factor for these neurological disorders, and suggest the opportunity to perform in the future SARS-CoV2 serology when diagnosing these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Doriana Landi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Liguori
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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35
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Tate DF, Dennis EL, Adams JT, Adamson MM, Belanger HG, Bigler ED, Bouchard HC, Clark AL, Delano-Wood LM, Disner SG, Eapen BC, Franz CE, Geuze E, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Han K, Hayes JP, Hinds SR, Hodges CB, Hovenden ES, Irimia A, Kenney K, Koerte IK, Kremen WS, Levin HS, Lindsey HM, Morey RA, Newsome MR, Ollinger J, Pugh MJ, Scheibel RS, Shenton ME, Sullivan DR, Taylor BA, Troyanskaya M, Velez C, Wade BS, Wang X, Ware AL, Zafonte R, Thompson PM, Wilde EA. Coordinating Global Multi-Site Studies of Military-Relevant Traumatic Brain Injury: Opportunities, Challenges, and Harmonization Guidelines. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:585-613. [PMID: 33409819 PMCID: PMC8035292 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among military personnel and the civilian population and is often followed by a heterogeneous array of clinical, cognitive, behavioral, mood, and neuroimaging changes. Unlike many neurological disorders that have a characteristic abnormal central neurologic area(s) of abnormality pathognomonic to the disorder, a sufficient head impact may cause focal, multifocal, diffuse or combination of injury to the brain. This inconsistent presentation makes it difficult to establish or validate biological and imaging markers that could help improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in this patient population. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe both the challenges and opportunities when conducting military-relevant TBI research and introduce the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Military Brain Injury working group. ENIGMA is a worldwide consortium focused on improving replicability and analytical power through data sharing and collaboration. In this paper, we discuss challenges affecting efforts to aggregate data in this patient group. In addition, we highlight how "big data" approaches might be used to understand better the role that each of these variables might play in the imaging and functional phenotypes of TBI in Service member and Veteran populations, and how data may be used to examine important military specific issues such as return to duty, the late effects of combat-related injury, and alteration of the natural aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John T Adams
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather G Belanger
- United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- St Michaels Inc, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Heather C Bouchard
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seth G Disner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Blessen C Eapen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kihwan Han
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jasmeet P Hayes
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Defense/United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brockton Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sc Wade
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Ceruloplasmin Deamidation in Neurodegeneration: From Loss to Gain of Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020663. [PMID: 33440850 PMCID: PMC7827708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders can induce modifications of several proteins; one of which is ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase enzyme found modified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neurodegenerative diseases patients. Cp modifications are caused by the oxidation induced by the pathological environment and are usually associated with activity loss. Together with oxidation, deamidation of Cp was found in the CSF from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients. Protein deamidation is a process characterized by asparagine residues conversion in either aspartate or isoaspartate, depending on protein sequence/structure and cellular environment. Cp deamidation occurs at two Asparagine-Glycine-Arginine (NGR)-motifs which, once deamidated to isoAspartate-Glycine-Arginine (isoDGR), bind integrins, a family of receptors mediating cell adhesion. Therefore, on the one hand, Cp modifications lead to loss of enzymatic activity, while on the other hand, these alterations confer gain of function to Cp. In fact, deamidated Cp binds to integrins and triggers intracellular signaling on choroid plexus epithelial cells, changing cell functioning. Working in concert with the oxidative environment, Cp deamidation could reach different target cells in the brain, altering their physiology and causing detrimental effects, which might contribute to the pathological mechanism.
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Reich N, Hölscher C. Acylated Ghrelin as a Multi-Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:614828. [PMID: 33381011 PMCID: PMC7767977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.614828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much thought has been given to the impact of Amyloid Beta, Tau and Alpha-Synuclein in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the clinical failures of the recent decades indicate that there are further pathological mechanisms at work. Indeed, besides amyloids, AD and PD are characterized by the culminative interplay of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission, defective autophagy and mitophagy, systemic inflammation, BBB and vascular damage, demyelination, cerebral insulin resistance, the loss of dopamine production in PD, impaired neurogenesis and, of course, widespread axonal, synaptic and neuronal degeneration that leads to cognitive and motor impediments. Interestingly, the acylated form of the hormone ghrelin has shown the potential to ameliorate the latter pathologic changes, although some studies indicate a few complications that need to be considered in the long-term administration of the hormone. As such, this review will illustrate the wide-ranging neuroprotective properties of acylated ghrelin and critically evaluate the hormone's therapeutic benefits for the treatment of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical & Life Sciences Division, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, A Second Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Research and Experimental Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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38
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Simmnacher K, Krach F, Schneider Y, Alecu JE, Mautner L, Klein P, Roybon L, Prots I, Xiang W, Winner B. Unique signatures of stress-induced senescent human astrocytes. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113466. [PMID: 32949572 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescence was recently linked to neurodegeneration and astrocytes are one of the major cell types to turn senescent under neurodegenerative conditions. Senescent astrocytes were detected in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' brains besides reactive astrocytes, yet the difference between senescent and reactive astrocytes is unclear. We aimed to characterize senescent astrocytes in comparison to reactive astrocytes and investigate differences and similarities. In a cell culture model of human fetal astrocytes, we determined a unique senescent transcriptome distinct from reactive astrocytes, which comprises dysregulated pathways. Both, senescent and reactive human astrocytes activated a proinflammatory pattern. Astrocyte senescence was at least partially depending on active mechanistic-target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and DNA-damage response signaling, both drivers of senescence. To further investigate how PD and senescence connect to each other, we asked if a PD-linked environmental factor induces senescence and if senescence impairs midbrain neurons. We could show that the PD-linked pesticide rotenone causes astrocyte senescence. We further delineate, that the senescent secretome exaggerates rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in midbrain neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) of PD patients with alpha-synuclein gene (SNCA) locus duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Simmnacher
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Krach
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanni Schneider
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Mautner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paulina Klein
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iryna Prots
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Lochhead JJ, Yang J, Ronaldson PT, Davis TP. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Blood-Brain Barrier Tight Junction in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Physiol 2020; 11:914. [PMID: 32848858 PMCID: PMC7424030 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) allows the brain to selectively import nutrients and energy critical to neuronal function while simultaneously excluding neurotoxic substances from the peripheral circulation. In contrast to the highly permeable vasculature present in most organs that reside outside of the central nervous system (CNS), the BBB exhibits a high transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) along with a low rate of transcytosis and greatly restricted paracellular permeability. The property of low paracellular permeability is controlled by tight junction (TJ) protein complexes that seal the paracellular route between apposing brain microvascular endothelial cells. Although tight junction protein complexes are principal contributors to physical barrier properties, they are not static in nature. Rather, tight junction protein complexes are highly dynamic structures, where expression and/or localization of individual constituent proteins can be modified in response to pathophysiological stressors. These stressors induce modifications to tight junction protein complexes that involve de novo synthesis of new protein or discrete trafficking mechanisms. Such responsiveness of BBB tight junctions to diseases indicates that these protein complexes are critical for maintenance of CNS homeostasis. In fulfillment of this vital role, BBB tight junctions are also a major obstacle to therapeutic drug delivery to the brain. There is an opportunity to overcome this substantial obstacle and optimize neuropharmacology via acquisition of a detailed understanding of BBB tight junction structure, function, and regulation. In this review, we discuss physiological characteristics of tight junction protein complexes and how these properties regulate delivery of therapeutics to the CNS for treatment of neurological diseases. Specifically, we will discuss modulation of tight junction structure, function, and regulation both in the context of disease states and in the setting of pharmacotherapy. In particular, we will highlight how these properties can be potentially manipulated at the molecular level to increase CNS drug levels via paracellular transport to the brain.
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Kratzer I, Ek J, Stolp H. The molecular anatomy and functions of the choroid plexus in healthy and diseased brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183430. [PMID: 32750317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) is located in the ventricular system of the brain (one in each ventricle), and the CP epithelial cells form an important barrier between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Their main function comprises CSF secretion, maintenance of brain homeostasis, signalling, and forming a neuroprotective barrier against harmful external and internal compounds. The CPs mature early and demonstrate expressional changes of barrier-specific genes and proteins related to location and developmental stage of the CP. Important proteins for the barrier function include tight junction proteins, numerous transporters and enzymes. Natural senescence leads to structural changes in the CP cells and reduced or loss of function, while further loss of CP function and changes in immune status may be relevant in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroprotective genes expressed at CPs may be unexplored targets for new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kratzer
- FLUID Team, Lyon Neurosciences Research Center, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; Friedensgasse 3, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, Box 432, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Helen Stolp
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW0 1TU, UK.
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Sim KY, Im KC, Park SG. The Functional Roles and Applications of Immunoglobulins in Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5295. [PMID: 32722559 PMCID: PMC7432158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural autoantibodies, immunoglobulins (Igs) that target self-proteins, are common in the plasma of healthy individuals; some of the autoantibodies play pathogenic roles in systemic or tissue-specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Recently, the field of autoantibody-associated diseases has expanded to encompass neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), with related studies examining the functions of Igs in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence suggests that Igs have various effects in the CNS; these effects are associated with the prevention of neurodegeneration, as well as induction. Here, we summarize the functional roles of Igs with respect to neurodegenerative disease (AD and PD), focusing on the target antigens and effector cell types. In addition, we review the current knowledge about the roles of these antibodies as diagnostic markers and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea; (K.-Y.S.); (K.C.I.)
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Katayama T, Sawada J, Takahashi K, Yahara O. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Overview of the Literature and Meta-Analyses. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070466. [PMID: 32698474 PMCID: PMC7407121 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder; however, well-established biochemical markers have not yet been identified. This review article covers several candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for PD based on the recent literature and meta-analysis data. The decrease of α-synuclein in PD is supported by meta-analyses with modest reproducibility, and a decrease of amyloid β42 is seen as a prognostic marker for cognitive decline. Tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and neurofilament light chains have been used to discriminate PD from other neurodegenerative disorders. This article also describes more hopeful biochemical markers, such as neurotransmitters, oxidative stress markers, and other candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Katayama
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-166-24-3181; Fax: +81-166-24-1125
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan;
| | - Kae Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
| | - Osamu Yahara
- Department of Neurology, Asahikawa City Hospital, 1-1-65 Kinseicho, Asahikawa 070-8610, Japan; (K.T.); (O.Y.)
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Felger JC, Haroon E, Patel TA, Goldsmith DR, Wommack EC, Woolwine BJ, Le NA, Feinberg R, Tansey MG, Miller AH. What does plasma CRP tell us about peripheral and central inflammation in depression? Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1301-1311. [PMID: 29895893 PMCID: PMC6291384 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker used clinically to measure systemic inflammation and is reproducibly increased in a subset of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, increased peripheral blood CRP in MDD has been associated with altered reward circuitry and increased brain glutamate in relation with symptoms of anhedonia. Nevertheless, the relationship between peripheral CRP and other peripheral and central markers of inflammation in depressed patients has not been established. Plasma (n = 89) and CSF (n = 73) was collected from medically stable, currently unmedicated adult outpatients with MDD. Associations among plasma and CSF CRP and plasma and CSF inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and IL-1beta) and their soluble receptors/antagonists were examined. Relationships between plasma and CSF inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms including anhedonia and reduced motivation (RM) were also explored. Plasma CRP was correlated with multiple plasma inflammatory markers (all p < 0.05), and a strong correlation was found between plasma and CSF CRP (r = 0.855, p < 0.001). CSF CRP in turn correlated with CSF cytokine receptors/antagonists (all p < 0.05). Principal component analyses revealed clusters of CSF inflammatory markers that were associated with high plasma CRP (>3 mg/L) and correlated with depressive symptom severity. These findings were driven by CSF TNF, which correlated with RM (r = 0.236, p = 0.045), and CSF IL-6 soluble receptor, which correlated with anhedonia (r = 0.301, p = 0.010) in the sample as a whole and particularly females. CRP appears to be a peripheral biomarker that reflects peripheral and central inflammation and seems well-suited for guiding immunotherapies targeting TNF and IL-6 in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Trusharth A Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David R Goldsmith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Evanthia C Wommack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bobbi J Woolwine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ngoc-Anh Le
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rachel Feinberg
- Biomarker Core Laboratory, Atlanta VAMC, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA
| | - Malu G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Christine CW, Auinger P, Saleh N, Tian M, Bottiglieri T, Arning E, Tran NK, Ueland PM, Green R. Relationship of Cerebrospinal Fluid Vitamin B12 Status Markers With Parkinson's Disease Progression. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1466-1471. [PMID: 32407590 PMCID: PMC7496300 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Using blood specimens from untreated early Parkinson's disease (PD) patients from the DATATOP trial, we found that subjects in the low serum vitamin B12 tertile experienced greater annualized change in ambulatory capacity score, whereas those with moderately elevated (>15 μmol/L) total homocysteine had greater annualized declines in the Mini‐Mental State Exam. Methods In this this study we sought to determine whether levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) B12 markers were also associated with progression of PD. Results The annualized change in the UPDRS “walking” item, a component of the ambulatory capacity score, was worse in the low B12 tertile. No association with change in the Mini‐Mental State Exam was seen for those 7% with the highest baseline CSF total homocysteine. Conclusions In these untreated early‐PD subjects, low CSF B12 predicted greater worsening of the UPDRS “walking” item, whereas CSF total homocysteine was not associated with progression of cognitive impairment. These findings extend and partially support our findings in serum. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Center for Health and TechnologyUniversity of RochesterRochesterNew YorkUSA
| | - Nasrin Saleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUC DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUC DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research InstituteDallasTexasUSA
| | - Erland Arning
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research InstituteDallasTexasUSA
| | - Nam K. Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUC DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ralph Green
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUC DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
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Belova OV, Arefieva TI, Moskvina SN. [Immunological aspects of Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:110-119. [PMID: 32307420 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120021110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes information on immunological disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). The data on neuroinflammation associated with degeneration of the medial substantia nigra cells are presented. It is pointed out that innate and adaptive immunity cells are involved in the process of neuroinflammation. The authors analyze the cytokine level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood as well as the relationship between neuroinflammation and neuron dysfunction and provide information on immunological disorders in people with PD and animal models of PD. Specific features of PD models and data on blood-brain barrier damage and evidence of autoimmune inflammation in PD are presented. Identification of PD preclinical markers, including cytokines, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, autoantibodies, etc, is discussed. Pre-symptomatic diagnosis of PD, prevention and treatment at the pre-symptomatic stage could lead to interruption or slowdown the neurons death.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Belova
- NRC 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow, Russia
| | - T I Arefieva
- NRC 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow, Russia; National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
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Kuter KZ, Cenci MA, Carta AR. The role of glia in Parkinson's disease: Emerging concepts and therapeutic applications. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:131-168. [PMID: 32247363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Originally believed to primarily affect neurons, Parkinson's disease (PD) has recently been recognized to also affect the functions and integrity of microglia and astroglia, two cell categories of fundamental importance to brain tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair. Both a loss of glial supportive-defensive functions and a toxic gain of glial functions are implicated in the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, the chronic treatment with L-DOPA may cause maladaptive glial plasticity favoring a development of therapy complications. This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology of PD from a glial point of view, presenting this rapidly growing field from the first discoveries made to the most recent developments. We report and compare histopathological and molecular findings from experimental models of PD and human studies. We moreover discuss the important role played by astrocytes in compensatory adaptations taking place during presymptomatic disease stages. We finally describe examples of potential therapeutic applications stemming from an increased understanding of the important roles of glia in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Z Kuter
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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47
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Yang W, Chang Z, Que R, Weng G, Deng B, Wang T, Huang Z, Xie F, Wei X, Yang Q, Li M, Ma K, Zhou F, Tang B, Mok VCT, Zhu S, Wang Q. Contra-Directional Expression of Plasma Superoxide Dismutase with Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein as Important Markers of Parkinson's Disease Severity. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:53. [PMID: 32210787 PMCID: PMC7068795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidative stress and inflammation play critical roles in the neuropathogenesis of PD. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammation status by measuring serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) with lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) respectively in PD patients, and explore their correlation with the disease severity. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that included 204 PD patients and 204 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Plasma levels of SOD, hsCRP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. A series of neuropsychological assessments were performed to rate the severity of PD. Results: The plasma levels of SOD (135.7 ± 20.14 vs. 147.2 ± 24.34, P < 0.0001), total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C in PD were significantly lower than those in HCs; the hsCRP level was remarkably increased in PD compared to HC (2.766 ± 3.242 vs. 1.637 ± 1.597, P < 0.0001). The plasma SOD was negatively correlated with the hsCRP, while positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in PD patients. The plasma SOD were negatively correlated with H&Y, total UPDRS, UPDRS (I), UPDRS (II), and UPDRS (III) scores, but positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores. Besides, hsCRP was negatively correlated with MoCA; while total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with the MoCA, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lower SOD along with cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, and higher hsCRP levels might be important markers to assess the PD severity. A better understanding of SOD and hsCRP may yield insights into the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongfang Que
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guomei Weng
- Department of Neurology, The First People Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefu Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rotunno MS, Lane M, Zhang W, Wolf P, Oliva P, Viel C, Wills AM, Alcalay RN, Scherzer CR, Shihabuddin LS, Zhang K, Sardi SP. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics implicates the granin family in Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2479. [PMID: 32051502 PMCID: PMC7015906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59414-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the most common age-related movement disorder, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with unclear etiology. Better understanding of the underlying disease mechanism(s) is an urgent need for the development of disease-modifying therapeutics. Limited studies have been performed in large patient cohorts to identify protein alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a proximal site to pathology. We set out to identify disease-relevant protein changes in CSF to gain insights into the etiology of Parkinson's disease and potentially assist in disease biomarker identification. In this study, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode to identify Parkinson's-relevant biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid. We quantified 341 protein groups in two independent cohorts (n = 196) and a longitudinal cohort (n = 105 samples, representing 40 patients) consisting of Parkinson's disease and healthy control samples from three different sources. A first cohort of 53 Parkinson's disease and 72 control samples was analyzed, identifying 53 proteins with significant changes (p < 0.05) in Parkinson's disease relative to healthy control. We established a biomarker signature and multiple protein ratios that differentiate Parkinson's disease from healthy controls and validated these results in an independent cohort. The second cohort included 28 Parkinson's disease and 43 control samples. Independent analysis of these samples identified 41 proteins with significant changes. Evaluation of the overlapping changes between the two cohorts identified 13 proteins with consistent and significant changes (p < 0.05). Importantly, we found the extended granin family proteins as reduced in disease, suggesting a potential common mechanism for the biological reduction in monoamine neurotransmission in Parkinson's patients. Our study identifies several novel protein changes in Parkinson's disease cerebrospinal fluid that may be exploited for understanding etiology of disease and for biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Rotunno
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.,Biomarkers and Bioanalytics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Monica Lane
- Biomarkers and Bioanalytics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Translational Medicine, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Pavlina Wolf
- Biomarkers and Bioanalytics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.,Editas Medicine, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Petra Oliva
- Biomarkers and Bioanalytics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.,ARCHIMED Life Sciences GmbH, Leberstraße 20/2, 1110, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Viel
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032-3784, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,APDA Center for Advance Parkinson Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lamya S Shihabuddin
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA
| | - Kate Zhang
- Biomarkers and Bioanalytics, Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.,Editas Medicine, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - S Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Inc., Framingham, MA, 01701, USA.
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49
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Nakagawa Y, Yamada S. Metal homeostasis disturbances in neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Potential pathogenetic mechanism and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107455. [PMID: 31863817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia often accompanied by myoclonus and other signs of brain dysfunction, relying on the conversion of the normal cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) to a misfolded form (PrPSc). The neuropathological changes include spongiform degeneration, neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and deposition of PrPSc. It is still unclear how these pathological changes correlate with the development of CJD symptoms because few patients survive beyond 2 years after diagnosis. Inasmuch as the symptoms of CJD overlap some of those observed in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, there may be some underlying pathologic mechanisms associated with CJD that may contribute to the symptoms of non-prion neurodegenerative diseases as well. Data suggest that imbalance of metals, including copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, induces abnormalities in processing and degradation of prion proteins that are accompanied by self-propagation of PrPSc. These events appear to be responsible for glutamatergic synaptic dysfunctions, neuronal death, and PrPSc aggregation. Given that the prodromal symptoms of CJD such as sleep disturbances and mood disorders are associated with brain stem and limbic system dysfunction, the pathological changes may initially occur in these brain regions, then spread throughout the entire brain. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, which may be linked to imbalance of these metals, seem to be more important than neuroinflammation in causing the cell death. It is proposed that metal dyshomeostasis could be responsible for the initiation and progression of the pathological changes associated with symptoms of CJD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakagawa
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Chi H, Guan Y, Li F, Chen Z. The Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Protection of Dopaminergic Neurons from Apoptosis by Reducing Oxidative Stress in the Early Stage of a 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:87S-99S. [PMID: 31775521 PMCID: PMC7016462 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719891134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important cause of dopaminergic (DA) neuron apoptosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess antioxidative features. In this study, we investigated whether MSCs could reduce oxidative stress and protect DA neurons from apoptosis by intravenous (I.V.) injection in the early stage of a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD model. MSCs were injected into the tail vein of mice, and behavioral tests, immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and oxidative stress levels were assessed at different time points. After 6-OHDA exposure, DA neuron apoptosis was detected, together with severe oxidative stress in brain and periphery. Compared with the non-transplanted sham controls, motor function in the 6-OHDA-lesioned group after I.V. injection of MSCs was significantly improved, and the levels of DA neuron apoptosis and oxidative stress decreased. The results demonstrate that MSCs can rescue DA neurons from ongoing apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress, and provide insights on developing new therapeutic strategies to offset the degenerative process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chi
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyan Li
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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