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Lee JY, Kim S, Kim H, Yeon SH, Kim SY, Son RH, Park CL, Lee YH. Improvement in Testosterone Production by Acorus gramineus for the Alleviation of Andropause Symptoms. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38828543 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acorus gramineus has a number of beneficial effects, including protective effects against age-related disorders. In this study, the effects of A. gramineus on testosterone production and andropause symptoms were evaluated. We first treated TM3 mouse Leydig cells, responsible for testosterone production, with A. gramineus aqueous extract at different concentrations. In TM3 cells, the testosterone concentration increased in a concentration-dependent manner compared with those in the control. In addition, at 400 μg/mL extract, the mRNA expression level of the steroidogenic enzyme CYP11A1 was increased. Subsequently, 23-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exhibiting an age-related reduction in serum testosterone (approximately 80% lower than that in 7-week-old SD rats) were administered A. gramineus aqueous extract for 8 weeks. Serum total testosterone and free testosterone levels were higher and serum estradiol, prostate-specific antigen levels, and total cholesterol levels were lower in the AG50 group (A. gramineus aqueous extract 50 mg/kg of body weight/day) than in the OLD (control group). The AG50 group also showed significant elevations in sperm count, grip strength, and mRNA expression of StAR, CYP11A1, 17β-HSD, and CYP17A1 compared with those in the OLD group. In conclusion, A. gramineus aqueous extract facilitated steroidogenesis in Leydig cells, elevated testosterone levels, lowered serum estradiol and total cholesterol levels, and increased muscle strength and sperm count, thus alleviating the symptoms of andropause. These findings suggest that A. gramineus aqueous extract is a potentially effective therapeutic agent against various symptoms associated with andropause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yoon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Hongeun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hum Yeon
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Kim
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Rak Ho Son
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Chae Lee Park
- Healthcare Research Division, Huons(O) Global Ltd., Seongnam(O), South Korea
| | - Yoo-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Suwon, Hwasung, South Korea
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2
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Lin T, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Wang W, Jiang X, Qiu Y. Association between blood lipids and diabetes mellitus in older Chinese adults aged 65 years or older: a cross-sectional analysis of residents' electronic health records. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 38835037 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate how blood lipids are associated with diabetes among older Chinese adults. METHODS 3,268,928 older Chinese adults without known diabetes were included. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were conducted to study associations between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) and diabetes. RESULTS 202,832 diabetes cases were included. Compared with the lowest quintiles, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the highest quintiles showed a higher diabetes prevalence risk and HDL-C presented a lower risk in multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the highest quintiles of TC, TG, and HDL-C were 1.39 (1.37-1.41), 2.56 (2.52-2.60), and 0.73 (0.72-0.74), respectively. For LDL-C, 3-5% lower risk was found in the second and third quintiles, and 4-23% higher risk was found in the fourth and fifth quintiles. RCS curves showed a non-linear relationship between each blood lipid parameters and diabetes (P-non-linear < 0.001). TG and HDL-C curves presented monotonically increasing and L-shaped patterns, respectively, whereas TC and LDL-C curves exhibited a J-shaped pattern. When TC < 4.04 mmol/L or LDL-C < 2.33 mmol/L, ORs of diabetes increased with the decrease of corresponding indexes. However, after excluding participants with lower LDL-C, the J-shaped association with TC disappeared. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates non-linear associations between lipids and diabetes. Low cholesterol levels are associated with a high risk of diabetes. The cholesterol paradox should be considered during lipid-lowering treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yanrong Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Qing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China
| | - Yinwei Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dept. of Public Health Surveillance & Advisory, No.3399. Binsheng Road, Binjiang district, Hangzhou, 310051, PR China.
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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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Panase P, Vongkampang T, Wangkahart E, Sutthi N. Impacts of astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens on growth, immune responses, and reproduction performance of broodstock Nile tilapia during winter season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1205-1224. [PMID: 38512396 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The growth, immune response, and reproductive performance of broodstock of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under winter stress conditions were investigated the effects of supplementary diets with astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Throughout an eight-week period in the winter season, male and female tilapia were fed with diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens dietary supplementation: 0 g/kg (T1; control), 5 g/kg (T2), 10 g/kg (T3), and 20 g/kg (T4). Subsequently, a four-week mating system was implemented during the winter stress period. The results revealed that there were no significant differences observed in growth, hematological indices, and blood chemical profiles among all treatment groups for both male and female tilapia. However, a significant increase in cholesterol content was noted in both male and female tilapia fed with the T4 diet (p<0.05). The total carotenoid content in the muscle was evaluated, and significantly higher values were found in both male and female tilapia that fed T4 supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, immunological parameters such as myeloperoxidase and antioxidant parameters in the liver including superoxide dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed significant increases in tilapia fed with the T4 diet. The impact of P. carotinifaciens supplementation on broodstock tilapia indicated a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration in males and increased egg production in females after consumption of the T4 diet (p<0.05). Thus, this study highlighted that the presence of astaxanthin-enriched P. carotinifaciens in the diet of broodstock Nile tilapia can lead to the accumulation of carotenoids in their muscle tissue, improvement in antioxidant status, enhancement of immune function, and potential enhancement of reproductive capabilities, even under overwintering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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5
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Mousa LN, Jarrar Y, Gharaibeh M, Alhawari H. Effects of tumor necrosis factor- α rs1800629 and interleukin- 10 rs1800872 genetic variants on type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility and metabolic parameters among Jordanians. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2024; 0:dmdi-2024-0002. [PMID: 38741519 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex chronic illness with diverse pathogenesis and associations with health complications. Genetic factors significantly contribute to DM development, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) genes play major roles. This study aims to explore the influence of TNF-α rs1800629 and IL-10 rs1800872 genetic variants on T2DM development in Jordanian patients at Jordan University Hospital. METHODS One-hundred and 60 diabetic and 159 non-diabetic subjects were genotyped for TNF-α rs1800629. Additionally, 181 diabetic and 191 non-diabetic subjects were genotyped for IL-10 rs1800872 using PCR-RFLP genotyping method. The demographic, lipid, and glycemic parameters of the patients were obtained from the computer records in the hospital. RESULTS TNF-α rs1800629 and IL-10 rs1800872 genetic variants exhibited significant different frequencies in non-T2DM subjects and T2DM patients. The difference in TNF-α rs1800629 genotype frequency between non-T2DM and T2DM participants was significant under the dominant model, while the IL-10 rs1800872 genotype frequency was significant under the recessive model. A significant association (p<0.05) was observed between TNF-α rs1800629 and total cholesterol levels, and between IL-10 rs1800872 polymorphism and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels among T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS TNF-α rs1800629 and IL-10 rs1800872 are identified as genetic risk factors for T2DM. These variants also correlate with variations in cholesterol, HbA1c, and creatinine levels among T2DM patients. Larger clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Nasrallah Mousa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 54658 The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Munir Gharaibeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 54658 The University of Jordan , Amman, Jordan
| | - Hussam Alhawari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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6
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Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, Christensen SM, Dixon DL, Jacobson TA. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e320-e350. [PMID: 38664184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. RESULTS Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. CONCLUSIONS Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213 (Dr Bays).
| | - Carol F Kirkpatrick
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID (Dr Kirkpatrick).
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN (Dr Maki).
| | - Peter P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Clinical Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Dr Toth).
| | - Ryan T Morgan
- Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Principal Investigator at Lynn Health Science Institute, 3555 NW 58th St., STE 910-W, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 (Dr Morgan).
| | - Justin Tondt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (Dr Tondt)
| | | | - Dave L Dixon
- Deptartment of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy 410 N 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA 23298-0533 (Dr Dixon).
| | - Terry A Jacobson
- Lipid Clinic and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program, Emory University Department of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (Dr Jacobson).
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Monroy J, Cortés OD, Domínguez R, Mendoza‐Garrido ME, Gallegos E, Cárdenas M, Aragón A, Ayala ME. The differential sensitivity of the hypothalamic-hypophysial-ovarian axis to 5-hydroxytryptophan alters the secretion of estradiol. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:365-379. [PMID: 38064347 PMCID: PMC10988714 DOI: 10.1113/ep091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] modulates ovarian function. The precursor of 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), has been used to treat depression. However, the effects of 5-HTP on ovarian and reproductive physiology remain unknown. In this research, we analysed the impact of 5-HTP on the monoaminergic system and its interactions with the reproductive axis and ovarian estradiol secretion when administered by distinct routes. Female rats 30 days of age were injected with 5-HTP i.p. (100 mg/kg), into the ovarian bursa (1.5 µg/40 µL) or into the median raphe nucleus (20 µg/2.5 µL) and were killed 60 or 120 min after injection. As controls, we used rats of the same age injected with vehicle (0.9% NaCl). Monoamine, gonadotrophin and steroid ovarian hormone concentrations were measured. The injection of 5-HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa increased the concentrations of 5-HT and the metabolite 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in the ovary. For both routes of administration, the serum concentration of estradiol increased. After i.p. injection of 5-HTP, the concentrations of luteinizing hormone were decreased and follicle-stimulating hormone increased after 120 min. Micro-injection of 5-HTP into the median raphe nucleus increased the concentrations of 5-HT in the anterior hypothalamus and dopamine in the medial hypothalamus after 120 min. Our results suggest that the administration of 5-HTP either i.p. or directly into the ovarian bursa enhances ovarian estradiol secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana Monroy
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Omar D. Cortés
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza‐Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV)Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
| | - Eloir Gallegos
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Mario Cárdenas
- Departamento de Biología de la ReproducciónInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico CityMexico
| | - Andrés Aragón
- Laboratorio de Gametos y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores IztacalaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTlalnepantlaState of MéxicoMexico
| | - María E. Ayala
- Laboratorio de Pubertad, Unidad de Investigación en Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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Wang Q, Wang X, Liu B, Ma S, Zhang F, Sun S, Jing Y, Fan Y, Ding Y, Xiong M, Li J, Zhai Q, Zheng Y, Liu C, Xu G, Yang J, Wang S, Ye J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Qu J, Liu GH, Zhang W. Aging induces region-specific dysregulation of hormone synthesis in the primate adrenal gland. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:396-413. [PMID: 38503993 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Adrenal glands, vital for steroid secretion and the regulation of metabolism, stress responses and immune activation, experience age-related decline, impacting systemic health. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying adrenal aging remain largely uninvestigated. Here we established a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of both young and aged primate suprarenal glands, identifying lipid metabolism and steroidogenic pathways as core processes impacted by aging. We found dysregulation in centripetal adrenocortical differentiation in aged adrenal tissues and cells in the zona reticularis region, responsible for producing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), were highly susceptible to aging, reflected by senescence, exhaustion and disturbed hormone production. Remarkably, LDLR was downregulated in all cell types of the outer cortex, and its targeted inactivation in human adrenal cells compromised cholesterol uptake and secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as observed in aged primate adrenal glands. Our study provides crucial insights into endocrine physiology, holding therapeutic promise for addressing aging-related adrenal insufficiency and delaying systemic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Division of Endocrinology, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | - Yandong Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Wang
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Ye
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
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Verma S, Pandey A, Pandey AK, Butler J, Lee JS, Teoh H, Mazer CD, Kosiborod MN, Cosentino F, Anker SD, Connelly KA, Bhatt DL. Aldosterone and aldosterone synthase inhibitors in cardiorenal disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H670-H688. [PMID: 38133623 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00419.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is a foundation of therapy for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Excess aldosterone plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, contributing to inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and vasculature through both genomic and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated as well as nongenomic mechanisms. MR antagonists have been a key therapy for attenuating the pathologic effects of aldosterone but are associated with some side effects and may not always adequately attenuate the nongenomic effects of aldosterone. Aldosterone is primarily synthesized by the CYP11B2 aldosterone synthase enzyme, which is very similar in structure to other enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis including CYP11B1, a key enzyme involved in glucocorticoid production. Lack of specificity for CYP11B2, off-target effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and counterproductive increased levels of bioactive steroid intermediates such as 11-deoxycorticosterone have posed challenges in the development of early aldosterone synthase inhibitors such as osilodrostat. In early-phase clinical trials, newer aldosterone synthase inhibitors demonstrated promise in lowering blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant and uncontrolled hypertension. It is therefore plausible that these agents offer protection in other disease states including heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Further clinical evaluation will be needed to clarify the role of aldosterone synthase inhibitors, a promising class of agents that represent a potentially major therapeutic advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avinash Pandey
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arjun K Pandey
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Javed Butler
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - John S Lee
- LJ Biosciences, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, United States
- PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Malvern, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Mazer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital-Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Fuster Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, United States
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Pabisz P, Bazak J, Sabat M, Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Co-trafficking in Testosterone-generating Leydig Cells: GPx4 Inhibition of Cytotoxic and Anti-steroidogenic Effects. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:213-222. [PMID: 37995086 PMCID: PMC10866752 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Trafficking of intracellular cholesterol (Ch) to and into mitochondria of steroidogenic cells is required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. This trafficking is typically mediated by one or more proteins of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) family. Our previous studies revealed that 7-OOH, a redox-active cholesterol hydroperoxide, could be co-trafficked with Ch to/into mitochondria of MA-10 Leydig cells, thereby inducing membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) which impaired progesterone biosynthesis. These negative effects of 7-OOH were inhibited by endogenous selenoperoxidase GPx4, indicating that this enzyme could protect against 7-OOH-induced oxidative damage/dysfunction. In the present study, we advanced our Leydig focus to cultured murine TM3 cells and then to primary cells from rat testis, both of which produce testosterone. Using a fluorescent probe, we found that extensive free radical-mediated LPO occurred in mitochondria of stimulated primary Leydig cells during treatment with liposomal Ch+7-OOH, resulting in a significant decline in testosterone output relative to that with Ch alone. Strong enhancement of LPO and testosterone shortfall by RSL3 (a GPx4 inhibitor) and reversal thereof by Ebselen (a GPx4 mimetic), suggested that endogenous GPx4 was playing a key antioxidant role. 7-OOH in increasing doses was also cytotoxic to these cells, RSL3 exacerbating this in Ebselen-reversable fashion. Moreover, GPx4 knockdown increased cell sensitivity to LPO with reduced testosterone output. These findings, particularly with primary Leydigs (which best represent cells in intact testis) suggest that GPx4 plays a key protective role against peroxidative damage/dysfunction induced by 7-OOH co-trafficking with Ch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bazak
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Sabat
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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Raad G, Tanios J, Serdarogullari M, Bazzi M, Mourad Y, Azoury J, Yarkiner Z, Liperis G, Fakih F, Fakih C. Mature oocyte dysmorphisms may be associated with progesterone levels, mitochondrial DNA content, and vitality in luteal granulosa cells. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:795-813. [PMID: 38363455 PMCID: PMC10957819 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify whether follicular environment parameters are associated with mature oocyte quality, embryological and clinical outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study examined 303 mature oocytes from 51 infertile women undergoing ICSI cycles between May 2018 and June 2021. Exclusion criteria consisted of advanced maternal age (> 36 years old), premature ovarian failure, obesity in women, or use of frozen gametes. Luteal granulosa cells (LGCs) were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA/genomic (g) DNA ratio and vitality. The relationships between hormone levels in the follicular fluid and oocyte features were assessed. Quantitative morphometric measurements of mature oocytes were assessed, and the association of LGC parameters and oocyte features on live birth rate after single embryo transfer was examined. RESULTS Results indicated an inverse correlation between the mtDNA/gDNA ratio of LGCs and the size of polar body I (PBI). A 4.0% decrease in PBI size was observed with each one-unit increase in the ratio (p = 0.04). Furthermore, a 1% increase in LGC vitality was linked to a 1.3% decrease in fragmented PBI (p = 0.03), and a 1 ng/mL increase in progesterone levels was associated with a 0.1% rise in oocytes with small inclusions (p = 0.015). Associations were drawn among LGC characteristics, perivitelline space (PVS) debris, cytoplasmic inclusions, PBI integrity, and progesterone levels. Certain dysmorphisms in mature oocytes were associated with embryo morphokinetics; however, live birth rates were not associated with follicular parameters and oocyte quality characteristics. CONCLUSION Follicular markers may be associated with mature oocyte quality features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Raad
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | | | - Munevver Serdarogullari
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus Via Mersin 10, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Marwa Bazzi
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youmna Mourad
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azoury
- Azoury IVF Clinic, ObGyn and Infertility, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zalihe Yarkiner
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences-Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus Via Mersin 10, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Georgios Liperis
- Westmead Fertility Centre, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fadi Fakih
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadi Fakih
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Li Z, Hales BF, Robaire B. Impact of Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Esters on Adrenal Cell Phenotype, Lipidome, and Function. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae024. [PMID: 38376928 PMCID: PMC10914377 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used primarily as flame retardants and plasticizers. Previously, we reported that adrenal cells are important targets of individual OPEs. However, real-life exposures are to complex mixtures of these chemicals. To address this, we exposed H295R human adrenal cells to varying dilutions (1/1000K to 1/3K) of a Canadian household dust-based OPE mixture for 48 hours and evaluated effects on phenotypic, lipidomic, and functional parameters. Using a high-content screening approach, we assessed phenotypic markers at mixture concentrations at which there was greater than 70% cell survival; the most striking effect of the OPE mixture was a 2.5-fold increase in the total area of lipid droplets. We then determined the response of specific lipid species to OPE exposures with novel, nontargeted lipidomic analysis of isolated lipid droplets. These data revealed that house dust OPEs induced concentration-dependent alterations in the composition of lipid droplets, particularly affecting the triglyceride, diglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol ester subclasses. The steroid-producing function of adrenal cells in the presence or absence of a steroidogenic stimulus, forskolin, was determined. While the production of 17β-estradiol remained unaffected, a slight decrease in testosterone production was observed after stimulation. Conversely, a 2-fold increase in both basal and stimulated cortisol and aldosterone production was observed. Thus, exposure to a house dust-based mixture of OPEs exerts endocrine-disrupting effects on adrenal cells, highlighting the importance of assessing the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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13
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Chen X, Yang S, Zhu B, Zhang M, Zheng N, Hua J, Li R, Han J, Yang L, Zhou B. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of niclosamide on lipid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis in adult female zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 910:168737. [PMID: 37992841 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Niclosamide (NIC) is a commonly used molluscicide that reportedly disrupts the endocrine system and may lead to lipid metabolism disorders. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism by which NIC affects the endocrine system from the perspective of lipid metabolism. Adult female zebrafish were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and then exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of NIC. NIC accumulated most in the liver followed by the brain and then the gonads in both feeding conditions. Somatic index changes confirmed that HFD promotes fish growth, and NIC administration inhibits it. Lipid metabolites were decreased by NIC, as were levels of pregnenolone, androstenedione, estrogen, testosterone, and estradiol, suggesting that NIC impacted steroidogenesis. In addition, gene transcription changes related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad-liver (HPGL) axis and altered ovarian histology strongly suggest that environmental relevant concentrations of NIC exposure may disrupt endocrine function. These findings highlighted that NIC exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations elicited endocrine-disruption effects may through impairing of steroid hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shangyue Yang
- Library, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Biran Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430061, China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Na Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianghuan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Ecology and Environment Administration of Yangtze River Basin, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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14
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Yiallouris A, Filippou C, Themistocleous SC, Menelaou K, Kalodimou V, Michaeloudes C, Johnson EO. Aging of the adrenal gland and its impact on the stress response. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 124:341-366. [PMID: 38408802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This article discusses the physiological and anatomical changes of adrenal gland with age and the effects this has overall on how the organ responds to stress. Physiological changes entail a decrease in adrenocorticoid hormone secretion however cortisol levels remain intact leading to a disruptive stress response. Additionally, loss of zonation of the organ also occurs. Both characteristics in combination with chronic stress affect overall health. Complex interplay between adrenal aging and stress responsiveness is confounded further by the impact they expel on other systems, such as the thyroid hormone. The body undergoes age-related transformations modifying rate of cellular growth, differentiation, senescence, and hormone production. Given the multiplicity and complexity of hormones, their production must be considered to develop appropriate interventions to mitigate its effect on age related diseases in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Yiallouris
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Charalampos Filippou
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sophia C Themistocleous
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Katerina Menelaou
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Kalodimou
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Charalambos Michaeloudes
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Elizabeth O Johnson
- Medical Innovation Center (MEDIC), School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str., Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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15
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Pinto KP, Fidalgo TKDS, de Lima CO, Lopes RT, Freitas-Fernandes LB, Valente AP, Sassone LM, Silva EJNL. Chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption as catalyst for systemic inflammatory storm and bone destruction in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:178-194. [PMID: 37966374 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the periapical alveolar bone pattern and the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, biochemical markers and metabolites in rats subjected to chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption and induced apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Alcohol, Nicotine and Alcohol+Nicotine. The alcohol groups were exposed to self-administration of a 25% alcohol solution, while the other groups were given only filtered water. The nicotine groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of a nicotine solution (0.19 μL of nicotine/mL), whereas the other groups received saline solution. Periapical lesions were induced by exposing the pulps of the left mandibular first molars for 28 days. After euthanasia, the mandibles were removed and the percentage bone volume, bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number of the periapical bone were measured using micro-computed tomography images. Serum samples were collected for analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α), biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. Nonparametric data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while one-way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data. RESULTS The groups exposed to alcohol or nicotine consumption exhibited an altered bone pattern indicating lower bone density and higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the Control group (p < .05). Significant differences were observed among the groups in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, albumin, uric acid, bilirubin and calcium. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences in glycine, phosphocholine, lysine, lactate, valine, pyruvate and lipids (CH2 CH2 CO), n(CH2 ) and n(CH3 ). Most of these parameters were even more altered in the simultaneous consumption of both substances compared to single consumption. CONCLUSION Alcohol and nicotine chronic consumption altered several metabolic markers, impaired liver and kidney function, increased the production of systemic proinflammatory mediators and harmed the periapical bone microarchitecture in the presence of apical periodontitis. The simultaneous consumption of alcohol and nicotine intensified these detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Paula Pinto
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departament of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu L, Zhou S, Zaufel A, Xie Z, Racedo S, Wagner M, Zollner G, Fickert P, Zhang Q. Bile acids regulate SF-1 to alter cholesterol balance in adrenocortical cells via S1PR2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149342. [PMID: 38061283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid synthesis typically occurs in adrenal cortex and is influenced by cholesterol balance, since cholesterol is the sole precursor of steroids. Bile acids as the signaling molecules, have been shown to promote steroidogenesis in steroidogenic cells. However, whether bile acids directly regulate cholesterol balance remains elusive. In this study, we prepared cholestatic mouse models and cultured human adrenocortical cells (H295R) treated with taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) to determine transcription levels of cholesterol metabolism associated genes and cholesterol concentrations in adrenocortical cells. Results showed that common bile duct ligation (CBDL) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) feeding elevated the mRNA levels of Abca1, Cyp51, Hmgcr, Srb1, and Mc2r in adrenals of mice. Meanwhile, the concentrations of total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester in adrenals of CBDL and CDCA-fed mice were dramatically lowered. The total and phosphorylation levels of HSL in adrenal glands of CBDL mice were also enhanced. Similarly, TCDCA treatment in H295R cells decreased intracellular concentrations of total cholesterol and cholesteryl ester and increased transcription levels of SRB1, MC2R, and HSL as well. Inhibition of bile acids' receptor sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) respectively successfully abolished effect of TCDCA on H295R cells. SF-1s was found to be phosphorylated at Thr75 in TCDCA-treated H295R cells. While a mild increase of intracellular cAMP concentration was detected upon TCDCA treatment, inhibition of PKA activity with Rp-Isomer in H295R cells failed to decrease the expression of SF-1 and its target genes. Our findings suggest that conjugated bile acids affect cholesterol balance through regulation of SF-1 in adrenocortical cells so as to provide an adequate cholesterol supply for glucocorticoid synthesis, which improves and enriches our understanding of the mechanism whereby bile acids regulate cholesterol balance to affect adrenal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shufan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Zaufel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Zhenhui Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Silvia Racedo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Gernot Zollner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter Fickert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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Fagbémi MNA, Nivelle R, Muller M, Mélard C, Lalèyè P, Rougeot C. Effect of high temperatures on sex ratio and differential expression analysis (RNA-seq) of sex-determining genes in Oreochromis niloticus from different river basins in Benin. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2024; 9:dvad009. [PMID: 38487307 PMCID: PMC10939319 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The high temperature sex reversal process leading to functional phenotypic masculinization during development has been widely described in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis n iloticus) under laboratory or aquaculture conditions and in the wild. In this study, we selected five wild populations of O. niloticus from different river basins in Benin and produced twenty full-sib families of mixed-sex (XY and XX) by natural reproduction. Progenies were exposed to room temperature or high (36.5°C) temperatures between 10 and 30 days post-fertilization (dpf). In control groups, we observed sex ratios from 40% to 60% males as expected, except for 3 families from the Gobé region which showed a bias towards males. High temperature treatment significantly increased male rates in each family up to 88%. Transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) on brains and gonads from control and treated batches of six families at 15 dpf and 40 dpf. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, differentially spliced genes, and correlations with sex reversal was performed. In 40 dpf gonads, genes involved in sex determination such as dmrt1, cyp11c1, amh, cyp19a1b, ara, and dax1 were upregulated. In 15 dpf brains, a negative correlation was found between the expression of cyp19a1b and the reversal rate, while at 40 dpf a negative correlation was found between the expression of foxl2, cyp11c1, and sf1 and positive correlation was found between dmrt1 expression and reversal rate. Ontology analysis of the genes affected by high temperatures revealed that male sex differentiation processes, primary male sexual characteristics, autophagy, and cilium organization were affected. Based on these results, we conclude that sex reversal by high temperature treatment leads to similar modifications of the transcriptomes in the gonads and brains in offspring of different natural populations of Nile tilapia, which thus may activate a common cascade of reactions inducing sex reversal in progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nambyl A Fagbémi
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Renaud Nivelle
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Biomedical Sciences (GIGA-I3), Liège University, Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Mélard
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lalèyè
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP: 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Carole Rougeot
- Aquaculture Research and Education Centre (CEFRA), Liège University, query author on which is prefered, 10 Chemin de la Justice B-4500, Tihange, Belgium
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Evangelista S, Vazakidou P, Koekkoek J, Heinzelmann MT, Lichtensteiger W, Schlumpf M, Tresguerres JAF, Linillos-Pradillo B, van Duursen MBM, Lamoree MH, Leonards PEG. High throughput LC-MS/MS method for steroid hormone analysis in rat liver and plasma - unraveling methodological challenges. Talanta 2024; 266:124981. [PMID: 37516072 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive reference data for steroid hormones are lacking in rat models, particularly for early developmental stages and unconventional matrices as the liver. Therefore, we developed and validated an enzymatic, solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify a panel of 23 steroid hormones in liver and plasma from adult and neonatal rats. Our approach tackles methodological challenges, focusing on undesired byproducts associated with specific enzymatic treatment, and enables a thorough assessment of potential interferences in complex matrices by utilizing unstripped plasma and liver. We propose an optimized enzymatic hydrolysis protocol using a recombinant β-glucuronidase/sulfatase mix (BGS mix) to efficiently deconjugate steroid phase II conjugates. The streamlined sample preparation and high-throughput solid phase extraction in a 96-well plate significantly accelerate sample processing for complex matrices and alarge number of samples. We were able to achieve the necessary sensitivity for accurately measuring the target analytes, particularly estrogens, in small sample sizes of 5-20 mg of liver tissue and 100 μL of plasma. Through the analysis of liver and plasma samples from adult and neonatal rats, including both sexes, our study showed a novel set of steroid hormone reference intervals. This study provides a reliable diagnostic tool for the quantification of steroids in rat models and gives insight in liver and plasma-related steroid hormone dynamics at early developmental stages. In addition, the method covers several pathway intermediates and extend the list of steroid hormones to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Evangelista
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Paraskevi Vazakidou
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manuel T Heinzelmann
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Walter Lichtensteiger
- GREEN Tox and Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margret Schlumpf
- GREEN Tox and Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus A F Tresguerres
- Departments of Physiology and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Linillos-Pradillo
- Departments of Physiology and of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Majorie B M van Duursen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja H Lamoree
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim E G Leonards
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Li Y, Qin Y, Wei S, Ling L, Ding CF. Differentiation of steroid isomers by steroid analogues adducted trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:313-319. [PMID: 37940728 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are one of the important indicators of health and disease. However, due to the high similarity of steroid structures, there are several potential obstacles in the differentiation of steroids, especially for their isomers. Herein, we described a trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) approach based on the steroid analogue adduction for isomer-specific identification of steroids. The application of dexamethasone (DEX) to form heterodimers with steroids enhanced the separation of their isomers in TIMS. Two isomer pairs including 17-hydroxyprogesterone/11-deoxycorticosterone and androsterone/epiandrosterone were successfully separated as the heterodimers with DEX by TIMS. The stability of DEX-adducted heterodimers is comparable with steroid dimers. Owing to the high separation efficiency and stability, the relative quantification of steroid isomers was demonstrated with the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujiao Qin
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Songchang Wei
- Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Shawky HA, Abdel Hafez SMN, Hasan NAK, Elbassuoni E, Abdelbaky FAF, AboBakr AHS. Changes in Rat Adrenal Cortex and Pineal Gland in Inverted Light-Dark Cycle: A Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical Study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2037-2052. [PMID: 37738357 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep standards are common in everyday life; it is frequently linked to a rise in stress levels. The adrenal gland interacts physiologically with the pineal gland in the stress response. Pineal gland is a small endocrine organ that modulates sleep patterns. This work aimed to evaluate the inverted light-dark cycle rhythm on the histological changes within the adrenal cortex and pineal gland in adult male albino rats. Twenty adult male albino rats were equally divided into two groups: For the first control group, animals were kept on daylight-darkness for 12-12 h. The second group was kept under an inverted 12- to 12-h light-darkness cycle for 4 weeks. Adrenal sections were subjected to biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical study. Inverted light-dark cycle group recorded a significant elevation of plasma corticosterone, tissue malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) associated with a significant reduction of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Adrenal cortex showed biochemical and histological changes. Pineal glands also showed loss of lobular architecture. A significant upregulation in activated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and B-cell lymphoma-associated X (Bax) immunohistochemical expression was recorded in adrenal cortex associating with downregulation in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). It could be concluded that subchronic inverted light-dark cycle exerted direct effects on adrenal cortex and the pineal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Shawky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Sara Mohamed Naguib Abdel Hafez
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Nabil Abdel Kader Hasan
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Eman Elbassuoni
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Alzhraa Fouad Abdelbaky
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Abdel Hamid Sayed AboBakr
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia Governorate, Minia City, Cairo-Aswan Agricultural Road, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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21
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Gorman-Sandler E, Wood G, Cloude N, Frambes N, Brennen H, Robertson B, Hollis F. Mitochondrial might: powering the peripartum for risk and resilience. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1286811. [PMID: 38187925 PMCID: PMC10767224 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1286811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The peripartum period, characterized by dynamic hormonal shifts and physiological adaptations, has been recognized as a potentially vulnerable period for the development of mood disorders such as postpartum depression (PPD). Stress is a well-established risk factor for developing PPD and is known to modulate mitochondrial function. While primarily known for their role in energy production, mitochondria also influence processes such as stress regulation, steroid hormone synthesis, glucocorticoid response, GABA metabolism, and immune modulation - all of which are crucial for healthy pregnancy and relevant to PPD pathology. While mitochondrial function has been implicated in other psychiatric illnesses, its role in peripartum stress and mental health remains largely unexplored, especially in relation to the brain. In this review, we first provide an overview of mitochondrial involvement in processes implicated in peripartum mood disorders, underscoring their potential role in mediating pathology. We then discuss clinical and preclinical studies of mitochondria in the context of peripartum stress and mental health, emphasizing the need for better understanding of this relationship. Finally, we propose mitochondria as biological mediators of resilience to peripartum mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Gorman-Sandler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Gabrielle Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Nazharee Cloude
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Noelle Frambes
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Brennen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Breanna Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Fiona Hollis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
- Columbia VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, United States
- USC Institute for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Columbia, SC, United States
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22
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Cornejo Ulloa P, van der Veen MH, Brandt BW, Buijs MJ, Krom BP. The effect of sex steroid hormones on the ecology of in vitro oral biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 6:100139. [PMID: 37621393 PMCID: PMC10447177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones (SSH) such as oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone are cholesterol derived molecules that regulate various physiological processes. They are present in both blood and saliva, where they come in contact with oral tissues and oral microorganisms. Several studies have confirmed the effect of these hormones on different periodontal-disease-associated bacteria, using single-species models. Bacteria can metabolize SSH, use them as alternative for vitamin K and also use them to induce the expression of virulence factors. However, it is still unclear what the effects of SSH are on the oral microbiome. In this study, we investigated the effects of four SSH on commensal in vitro oral biofilms. Saliva-derived oral biofilms were grown in Mc Bain medium without serum or menadione using the Amsterdam Active-Attachment model. After initial attachment in absence of SSH, the biofilms were grown in medium containing either oestradiol, oestriol, progesterone or testosterone at a 100-fold physiological concentration. Menadione or ethanol were included as positive control and negative control, respectively. After 12 days with daily medium refreshments, biofilm formation, biofilm red fluorescence and microbial composition were determined. The supernatants were tested for proteolytic activity using the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis (FRET). No significant differences were found in biofilm formation, red fluorescence or microbial composition in any of the tested groups. Samples grown in presence of progesterone and oestradiol showed proteolytic activity comparable to biofilms supplemented with menadione. In contrast, testosterone and oestriol showed a decreased proteolytic activity compared to biofilms grown in presence of menadione. None of the tested SSH had large effects on the ecology of in vitro oral biofilms, therefore a direct translation of our results into in vivo effects is not possible. Future experiments should include other host factors such as oral tissues, immune cells and combinations of SSH as present in saliva, in order to have a more accurate picture of the phenomena taking place in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique H. van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Kim DH, Song NY, Yim H. Targeting dysregulated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:855-881. [PMID: 38060103 PMCID: PMC10725365 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of lipid metabolism and its association with oncogenic signaling pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as significant hallmarks of cancer. Lipid metabolism is defined as a complex set of molecular processes including lipid uptake, synthesis, transport, and degradation. The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is affected by enzymes and signaling molecules directly or indirectly involved in the lipid metabolic process. Regulation of lipid metabolizing enzymes has been shown to modulate cancer development and to avoid resistance to anticancer drugs in tumors and the TME. Because of this, understanding the metabolic reprogramming associated with oncogenic progression is important to develop strategies for cancer treatment. Recent advances provide insight into fundamental mechanisms and the connections between altered lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis. In this review, we explore alterations to lipid metabolism and the pivotal factors driving lipid metabolic reprogramming, which exacerbate cancer progression. We also shed light on the latest insights and current therapeutic approaches based on small molecular inhibitors and phytochemicals targeting lipid metabolism for cancer treatment. Further investigations are worthwhile to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and the correlation between altered lipid metabolism and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Department of Applied Life Science, The Graduate School, BK21 Four Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Korea.
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24
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Zhao C, Wang S, Liu Y, Chu P, Han B, Ning X, Wang T, Yin S. Acute cold stress leads to zebrafish ovarian dysfunction by regulating miRNA and mRNA. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 48:101139. [PMID: 37683358 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a critical factor that regulates the reproduction processes in teleost. However, the gonadal response mechanism to cold stress in fish remains largely unknown. In the present study, female zebrafish were exposed to different extents of low temperatures at 18 °C and 10 °C for 48 h. The ovarian histology was remarkably damaged after cold stress exposure. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA was used to investigate the ovarian response to acute cold stress. A large number of mRNAs and miRNAs were altered by cold stress, which are involved in extensive biological processes. It is indicated that the signal transduction of MAPK and Calcium signaling pathway is highly engaged in zebrafish ovary to adapt to cold stress. The immune system was dysregulated by cold stress while the ovarian autophagy was activated. Remarkably increased gene number related to reproductive functions was identified in the cold stress at 10 °C compared to the control. The cold stress-induced dysregulated reproductive genes include star, hsd3b1, hsd17b1, inha, insl3, amh, nanos1 and foxl2. Combined with the dysregulated insulin, IGF and progesterone signaling, it is suggested that cold stress affects ovarian function in multiple aspects, including oocyte meiosis, folliculogenesis, final maturation and ovarian maintenance. On the other hand, the ovarian miRNA-mRNA regulatory network response to cold stress was also constructed. Overall, our result revealed the ovarian response to cold stress in zebrafish and provided insight into the fish adaptation mechanism to acute temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhao
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, China
| | - Sijin Wang
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Chu
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, China.
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Life Science, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, China.
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25
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Khan S, Kumar Y, Sharma C, Gupta SK, Goel A, Aggarwal R, Veerapu NS. Dysregulated metabolites and lipids in serum of patients with acute hepatitis E: A longitudinal study. J Viral Hepat 2023; 30:959-969. [PMID: 37697495 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E is a disease associated with acute inflammation of the liver. It is related to several dysregulated metabolic pathways and alterations in the concentration of several metabolites. However, longitudinal analysis of the alterations in metabolites and lipids is generally lacking. This study investigated the changes in levels of metabolites and lipids over time in sera from men with acute hepatitis E compared to healthy controls similar in age and gender. Untargeted measurement of levels of various metabolites and lipids was done using mass spectrometry on 65 sera sequentially sampled from 14 patients with acute hepatitis E and 25 serum samples from five controls. Temporal changes in intensities of metabolites and lipids were determined over different times at 3-day periods for the hepatitis E virus (HEV) group. In carbohydrate metabolism, glucose levels, fructose 1-6-bisphosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate were increased in the HEV-infected persons compared to the healthy controls. HEV infection is significantly associated with decreased levels of inosine, guanosine, adenosine and urate in purine metabolism and thymine, uracil and β-aminoisobutyrate in pyrimidine metabolism. Glutamate, alanine and valine levels were significantly lower in the HEV group than in healthy individuals. Homogentisate of tyrosine metabolism and cystathionine of serine metabolism were increased, whereas kynurenate of tryptophan metabolism decreased in the HEV group. Metabolites of the bile acid biosynthesis, urea cycle (arginine and citrulline) and ammonia recycling (urocanate) were significantly altered. Co-enzymes, pantothenate and pyridoxal, and co-factors, lipoamide and FAD, were elevated in the HEV group. The acylcarnitines, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), lysoPC and lysoPE tended to be lower in the HEV group. In conclusion, acute hepatitis E is associated with altered metabolite and lipid profiles, significantly increased catabolism of carbohydrates, purines/pyrimidines and amino acids, and decreased levels of several glycerophospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheen Khan
- Virology Section, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Amit Goel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rakesh Aggarwal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Naga Suresh Veerapu
- Virology Section, Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
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26
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Azhar S, Shen WJ, Hu Z, Kraemer FB. MicroRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen biosynthesis. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:1-37. [PMID: 38408797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are derived from a common precursor molecule, cholesterol, and regulate a wide range of physiologic function including reproduction, salt balance, maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics, response to stress, neuronal function, and various metabolic processes. Among the steroids synthesized by the adrenal and gonadal tissues, adrenal mineralocorticoids, and glucocorticoids are essential for life. The process of steroidogenesis is regulated at multiple levels largely by transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulation of the steroidogenic enzymes (i.e., cytochrome P450s and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases), cellular compartmentalization of the steroidogenic enzymes, and cholesterol processing and transport proteins. In recent years, small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression with essential roles in numerous biological processes and disease pathologies. Although their role in the regulation of steroidogenesis is still emerging, several recent studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of the role miRNAs play in the regulation of the steroidogenic process. This chapter focuses on the recent developments in miRNA regulation of adrenal glucocorticoid and androgen production in humans and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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27
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Snider AP, Gomes RS, Summers AF, Tenley SC, Abedal-Majed MA, McFee RM, Wood JR, Davis JS, Cupp AS. Identification of Lipids and Cytokines in Plasma and Follicular Fluid before and after Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Stimulation as Potential Markers for Follicular Maturation in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3289. [PMID: 37894013 PMCID: PMC10603728 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of follicle maturation leading to ovulation is a key milestone in female fertility. It is known that circulating lipids and cytokines play a role in the follicle's ability to go through follicular maturation and the ovulatory processes. However, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. We posit that dysregulation of granulosa cells influences the ovarian environment, which tries to adapt by changing released lipids and cytokines to achieve follicular maturation. Eleven non-lactating adult females underwent estrus synchronization with two injections of PGF2α 14 days apart. Daily blood samples were collected for 28 days to monitor steroid hormone production after the second injection. To understand the potential impacts of lipids and cytokines during ovulation, a low-dose FSH stimulation (FSHLow) was performed after resynchronization of cows, and daily blood samples were collected for 14 days to monitor steroid hormone production until ovariectomies. The lipidomic analysis demonstrated increased circulating diacylglycerides and triacylglycerides during the mid-luteal phase and after FSHLow treatment. Cholesteryl esters decreased in circulation but increased in follicular fluid (FF) after FSHLow. Increased circulating concentrations of TNFα and reduced CXCL9 were observed in response to FSHLow. Therefore, specific circulating lipids and cytokines may serve as markers of normal follicle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria P. Snider
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
| | - Renata S. Gomes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (R.S.G.); (J.R.W.)
| | | | - Sarah C. Tenley
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (R.S.G.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Mohamed A. Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Renee M. McFee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
| | - Jennifer R. Wood
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (R.S.G.); (J.R.W.)
| | - John S. Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983255 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Andrea S. Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 3940 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (R.S.G.); (J.R.W.)
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Xu H, Xin Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Cao Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu P. The TICE Pathway: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:653-662. [PMID: 37736845 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) is a non-biliary pathway that excretes excess cholesterol from the body through feces. This article focuses on the research progress of the TICE pathway in the last few years, including the discovery process of the TICE pathway, its molecular mechanism, and potential clinical applications. RECENT FINDINGS Cholesterol homeostasis is vital for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond the cholesterol excretion via hepatobiliary pathway, TICE contributes significantly to reverse cholesterol transport ex vivo and in vivo. Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cholesterol metabolism. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor (LXR) activated, respectively, by oxysterols and bile acids promote intestinal cholesterol secretion through ABCG5/G8. Nutrient regulators and intestinal flora also modulate cholesterol secretion through the TICE pathway. TICE allows direct elimination of plasma cholesterol, which may provide an attractive therapeutic targets. TICE pathway may provide a potential target to stimulate cholesterol elimination and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yiyang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Zixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yutong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Yandong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, China.
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Burioli EAV, Hammel M, Vignal E, Vidal-Dupiol J, Mitta G, Thomas F, Bierne N, Destoumieux-Garzón D, Charrière GM. Transcriptomics of mussel transmissible cancer MtrBTN2 suggests accumulation of multiple cancer traits and oncogenic pathways shared among bilaterians. Open Biol 2023; 13:230259. [PMID: 37816387 PMCID: PMC10564563 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmissible cancer cell lines are rare biological entities giving rise to diseases at the crossroads of cancer and parasitic diseases. These malignant cells have acquired the amazing capacity to spread from host to host. They have been described only in dogs, Tasmanian devils and marine bivalves. The Mytilus trossulus bivalve transmissible neoplasia 2 (MtrBTN2) lineage has even acquired the capacity to spread inter-specifically between marine mussels of the Mytilus edulis complex worldwide. To identify the oncogenic processes underpinning the biology of these atypical cancers we performed transcriptomics of MtrBTN2 cells. Differential expression, enrichment, protein-protein interaction network, and targeted analyses were used. Overall, our results suggest the accumulation of multiple cancerous traits that may be linked to the long-term evolution of MtrBTN2. We also highlight that vertebrate and lophotrochozoan cancers could share a large panel of common drivers, which supports the hypothesis of an ancient origin of oncogenic processes in bilaterians.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A V Burioli
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - M Hammel
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - E Vignal
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - J Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G Mitta
- IFREMER, UMR 241 Écosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Labex Corail, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, Tahiti, Polynésie française
| | - F Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Bierne
- ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - D Destoumieux-Garzón
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - G M Charrière
- IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
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31
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Jiao F, Zhao Y, Limbu SM, Kong L, Zhang D, Liu X, Yang S, Gui W, Rong H. Cyhexatin causes developmental toxic effects by disrupting endocrine system and inducing behavioral inhibition, apoptosis and DNA hypomethylation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139769. [PMID: 37562506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyhexatin (CYT), an organotin acaricide, is extensively utilized in developing countries to mitigate plant diseases caused by mites and minimize agricultural crop losses. However, the comprehensive mechanisms underlying the developmental stage of non-target organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, zebrafish embryos were firstly exposed to CYT (0.06, 0.12, and 0.20 ng/mL, referred to as CYTL, CYTM, and CYTH, respectively) from 2 hpf (hours post fertilization) to 30 dpf (days post fertilization). No developmental toxicity was observed in the CYTL and CYTM groups, except for induced deformed phenotypes in the CYTM group at 120 hpf. However, exposure to CYTH resulted in significant reductions in spontaneous movement (24 hpf), heart rate (48 hpf), hatching rate (48 and 72 hpf), body weight (30 dpf), whole body length (30 dpf), and locomotion (30 dpf). Additionally, CYTH exposure induced morphological malformations, including spinal curvature, pericardial edema, and tail curvature in zebrafish larvae. Moreover, CYTH treatment induced apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and resulted in significant reductions in free T3, cholesterol, estradiol, and testosterone levels in zebrafish larvae, while free T4 levels were increased. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that CYTH exposure led to significant alterations in the genome-wide gene expression profiles of zebrafish, particularly in the thyroid hormone and steroid biosynthesis signaling pathways, indicating endocrine disruption. Furthermore, CYTH exposure induced global DNA hypomethylation, reduced S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels and the SAM/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio, elevated SAH levels, and suppressed the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) while also downregulating DNMT1 at both the gene and protein levels in zebrafish larvae. Overall, this study partially elucidated the developmental toxicity and endocrine disruption caused by CYT in zebrafish, providing evidence of the environmental hazards associated with this acaricide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P. O. Box 60091, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lingfu Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Xianghe Liu
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Sha Yang
- Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Hua Rong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Xiangyang Polytechnic, Xiangyang, 441050, PR China.
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32
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Banibakhsh A, Sidhu D, Khan S, Haime H, Foster PA. Sex steroid metabolism and action in colon health and disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 233:106371. [PMID: 37516405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The colon is the largest hormonally active tissue in the human body. It has been known for over a hundred years that various hormones and bioactive peptides play important roles in colon function. More recently there is a growing interest in the role the sex steroids, oestrogens and androgens, may play in both normal colon physiology and colon pathophysiology. In this review, we examine the potential role oestrogens and androgens play in the colon. The metabolism and subsequent action of sex steroids in colonic tissue is discussed and how these hormones impact colon motility is investigated. Furthermore, we also determine how oestrogens and androgens influence colorectal cancer incidence and development and highlight potential new therapeutic targets for this malignancy. This review also examines how sex steroids potentially impact the severity and progression of other colon disease, such as diverticulitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and polyp formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Banibakhsh
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daljit Sidhu
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sunera Khan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hope Haime
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
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33
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Aldian D, Harisa LD, Mitsuishi H, Tian K, Iwasawa A, Yayota M. Diverse forage improves lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in goats, as revealed by metabolomics. Animal 2023; 17:100981. [PMID: 37776601 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that promoting the balance of nutrients and plant secondary metabolites (PSM) by feeding diverse forage physiologically improves ruminant production. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the physiological mechanism related to the improvement of physiological stress tolerance, ruminants were fed diverse forage. Oxidative stress markers were quantified, and serum metabolomics was performed. Six crossbred Shiba wethers (32.8 ± 9.2 kg BW) were arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments were feeding only Sudan grass hay (100% SDN); feeding a mixture of Sudan grass and alfalfa hay (70:30, SDN-ALF); and feeding a mixture of Sudan grass, timothy grass, and alfalfa hay (35:35:30; SDN-TMT-ALF). Each diet group was fed its specific diet for 21 days with a 14-day adaptation period. Feed intake and digestibility, blood biochemistry, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed. In addition, blood serum metabolites were assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The DM intake and DM, organic matter, and CP digestibility were higher (P < 0.05) in the SDN-TMT-ALF group than in the SDN group. The TAC was higher (P < 0.01) in the SDN-TMT-ALF and SDN-ALF groups (809.51 and 813.7 µM, respectively) than the SDN group (720.69 µM), while the SOD level was unchanged (P = 0.06) among the treatments. Total serum cholesterol and NH3 levels were higher (P < 0.05) in the SDN-TMT-ALF group (89.17 mg/dL and 242.42 µg/dL, respectively) than in the SDN group (71.00 mg/dL and 89.17 µg/dL). Additionally, the levels of nine metabolites in serum differed among the treatments (P < 0.05). Linoleic acid (LA) and cortisone, which are related to LA metabolism and the steroid biosynthesis pathway, were upregulated by the SDN-ALF and SDN-TMT-ALF diets compared to the SDN diet, suggesting the contribution of ALF to altering the metabolites. The levels of hippuric acid, which is a metabolite of phenolic compounds, were higher (P < 0.001) in the animals fed SDN, which contained higher phenolic and luteolin concentrations than the other diets. Pathway analysis suggested that the higher cortisone levels were derived from cholesterol due to upregulated glycolysis metabolism, which was positively related to increased ingestion, digestibility, and serum LA levels in animals given mixed forage. In conclusion, physiological stress tolerance in the animals was regulated by upregulation of LA and steroid hormone metabolism, which was associated with an increase in TAC rather than the ability of the animal to regulate its PSM intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Aldian
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Laila Dini Harisa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mitsuishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Ke Tian
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwasawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan
| | - Masato Yayota
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan; Education and Research Centre for Food Animal Health (GeFAH), Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, 501-1193 Gifu, Japan.
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Sato A, Tsukiyama T, Komeno M, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Kawamoto I, Murase M, Nakagawa T, Itagaki I, Seita Y, Matsumoto S, Nakaya M, Shimizu A, Yamada A, Ema M, Ogita H. Generation of a familial hypercholesterolemia model in non-human primate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15649. [PMID: 37730951 PMCID: PMC10511719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder that is associated with a high plasma level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To develop basic and translational research on FH, we here generated an FH model in a non-human primate (cynomolgus monkeys) by deleting the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene using the genome editing technique. Six LDLR knockout (KO) monkeys were produced, all of which were confirmed to have mutations in the LDLR gene by sequence analysis. The levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride were quite high in the monkeys, and were similar to those in FH patients with homozygous mutations in the LDLR gene. In addition, periocular xanthoma was observed only 1 year after birth. Lipoprotein profile analysis showed that the plasma very low-density lipoprotein and LDL were elevated, while the plasma high density lipoprotein was decreased in LDLR KO monkeys. The LDLR KO monkeys were also strongly resistant to medications for hypercholesterolemia. Taken together, we successfully generated a non-human primate model of hypercholesterolemia in which the phenotype is similar to that of homozygous FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sato
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Komeno
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Chizuru Iwatani
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kawamoto
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Murase
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakagawa
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Iori Itagaki
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasunari Seita
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shoma Matsumoto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakaya
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akio Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ogita
- Division of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-Cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
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35
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Owumi SE, Akinwunmi AO, Nwozo SO, Arunsi UO, Oyelere AK. Aflatoxin B1-induced dysfunction in male rats' reproductive indices were abated by Sorghum bicolor (L.Moench) hydrophobic fraction. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108425. [PMID: 37355213 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The burden of infertility distresses millions of families worldwide. The harmful effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the reproductive system involve oxidative stress, culminating in inflammation and cellular apoptosis. The phytochemical in Sorghum bicolor is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities. The effect of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (SBE-HP) extract -hydrophobic fraction- enriched in Apigenin (API) was investigated in rats chronically dosed with AFB1 and the likely mechanism (s) of SBE-HP to protect against AFB1-induced reproductive toxicity. Adult Wistar male rats (twenty-four) were selected randomly and allocated into four groups. Cohort 1 was administered 0.05 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); cohort 2 received AFB1 (50 µg/kg) alone; while cohorts 3 and 4 received 5 & 10 mg/kg of (SBE-HP) respectively, along with 50 µg/kg of AFB1. After 28 days, AFB1 induced remarkable reproductive toxicity as evidenced by increased sperm abnormalities, lowered sperm quality and motility, altered serum hormonal levels and testicular enzyme activities, decreased anti-oxidants, increased pro-oxidants, apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as altered histoarchitectural structure of the testis, epididymis, and hypothalamus of rats. API-enriched extract of S. bicolor reduced AFB1-induced oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, and histological derangement by improving sperm function parameters, testicular enzymes, and reproductive hormones. Anti-oxidant levels and anti-inflammatory mediators were increased while decreases in the activities and levels of pro-oxidants, pro-inflammatory molecules and caspase-9 occurred in the rats' testes, epididymis, and hypothalamus. API-enriched S. bicolor protected the testes, epididymis, and hypothalamus of male rats exposed to AFB1 by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Sarah O Nwozo
- Nutrition and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, GA, United States
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0400, GA, United States
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36
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Pandey MK. Uncovering the Lipid Web: Discovering the Multifaceted Roles of Lipids in Human Diseases and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13223. [PMID: 37686028 PMCID: PMC10487860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids, characterized by their hydrophobic nature, encompass a wide range of molecules with distinct properties and functions [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC-7016, Suit R1.019A, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; or ; Tel.: +1-513-803-1694; Fax: +1-513-636-1321
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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37
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Rosellini M, Schulze A, Omer EA, Ali NT, Marini F, Küpper JH, Efferth T. The Effect of Plastic-Related Compounds on Transcriptome-Wide Gene Expression on CYP2C19-Overexpressing HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5952. [PMID: 37630204 PMCID: PMC10459118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28165952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, plastic and especially microplastic in the oceans have caused huge problems to marine flora and fauna. Recently, such particles have also been detected in blood, breast milk, and placenta, underlining their ability to enter the human body, presumably via the food chain and other yet-unknown mechanisms. In addition, plastic contains plasticizers, antioxidants, or lubricants, whose impact on human health is also under investigation. At the cellular level, the most important enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds are the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). Despite their extensive characterization in the maintenance of cellular balance, their interactions with plastic and related products are unexplored. In this study, the possible interactions between several plastic-related compounds and one of the most important cytochromes, CYP2C19, were analyzed. By applying virtual compound screening and molecular docking to more than 1000 commercially available plastic-related compounds, we identified candidates that are likely to interact with this protein. A growth inhibition assay confirmed their cytotoxic activity on a CYP2C19-transfected hepatic cell line. Subsequently, we studied the effect of the selected compounds on the transcriptome-wide gene expression level by conducting RNA sequencing. Three candidate molecules were identified, i.e., 2,2'-methylene bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, and 2,2'-methylene bis(6-cyclohexyl-4-methylphenol)), which bound with a high affinity to CYP2C19 in silico. They exerted a profound cytotoxicity in vitro and interacted with several metabolic pathways, of which the 'cholesterol biosynthesis process' was the most affected. In addition, other affected pathways involved mitosis, DNA replication, and inflammation, suggesting an increase in hepatotoxicity. These results indicate that plastic-related compounds could damage the liver by affecting several molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rosellini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.R.); (E.A.O.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Alicia Schulze
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes, Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Ejlal A. Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.R.); (E.A.O.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Nadeen T. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.R.); (E.A.O.); (N.T.A.)
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes, Gutenberg University, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Senftenberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (M.R.); (E.A.O.); (N.T.A.)
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Plewes MR, Talbott HA, Saviola AJ, Woods NT, Schott MB, Davis JS. Luteal Lipid Droplets: A Novel Platform for Steroid Synthesis. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad124. [PMID: 37586092 PMCID: PMC10445418 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone is an essential steroid hormone that is required to initiate and maintain pregnancy in mammals and serves as a metabolic intermediate in the synthesis of endogenously produced steroids, including sex hormones and corticosteroids. Steroidogenic luteal cells of the corpus luteum have the tremendous capacity to synthesize progesterone. These specialized cells are highly enriched with lipid droplets that store lipid substrate, which can be used for the synthesis of steroids. We recently reported that hormone-stimulated progesterone synthesis by luteal cells requires protein kinase A-dependent mobilization of cholesterol substrate from lipid droplets to mitochondria. We hypothesize that luteal lipid droplets are enriched with steroidogenic enzymes and facilitate the synthesis of steroids in the corpus luteum. In the present study, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome, conducted the first proteomic analysis of lipid droplets under acute cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated conditions, and determined how specific lipid droplet proteins affect steroidogenesis. Steroidogenic enzymes, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1 and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B), were highly abundant on lipid droplets of the bovine corpus luteum. High-resolution confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of active HSD3B on the surface of luteal lipid droplets. We report that luteal lipid droplets have the capacity to synthesize progesterone from pregnenolone. Lastly, we analyzed the lipid droplet proteome following acute stimulation with cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP, and report increased association of HSD3B with luteal lipid droplets following stimulation. These findings provide novel insights into the role of luteal lipid droplets in steroid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Plewes
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Heather A Talbott
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Micah B Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-3255, USA
- Department of Research Services, Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center,Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Wang TY, Chang WL, Wei CY, Liu CH, Tzeng RC, Chiu PY. Cholesterol Paradox in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Regardless of Lipid-Lowering Drug Use: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3270. [PMID: 37513689 PMCID: PMC10384075 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs) have protective effects against coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD); however, a paradoxical association with cholesterol has been identified in several diseases, such as diabetes, dementia, and atrial fibrillation. We aimed to analyze the association between LLDs and cholesterol levels in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional study enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥50 years from three centers in Taiwan. A multiple logistic regression model was used, and odds ratios (ORs) for different levels of total cholesterol (TC) or low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with the highest level were adjusted for age, triglyceride level, sex, comorbidities, and medications. Among the 3688 participants, 572 with and 676 without T2DM used LLDs. After adjusting for age and sex, the non-T2DM group demonstrated better medical conditions, cognition, and daily function than the T2DM group, regardless of LLD use. Compared to the highest TC level (≥240 mg/dL), ORs were significantly increased as TC levels decreased. A similar pattern of T2DM prevalence was observed in LDL-C levels. Older people with T2DM demonstrated low cognitive and daily functions. Significantly reduced TC and LDL levels were associated with a higher T2DM prevalence in older adults regardless of LLD use. T2DM was associated with impaired cognitive and daily functioning. A higher prevalence of T2DM in older people with low cholesterol levels raises doubt surrounding cognition and daily function being jeopardized when the "lower is better" strategy is applied for the secondary prevention of CAD or CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yuan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Liu
- Division of Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Chang Tzeng
- Department of Neurology, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Yi Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Dalen KT, Li Y. Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:79-136. [PMID: 38408810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal gland is composed of two distinctly different endocrine moieties. The interior medulla consists of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the exterior cortex consists of steroidogenic cortical cells that produce steroid hormones, such as mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) and androgens. Synthesis of steroid hormones in cortical cells requires substantial amounts of cholesterol, which is the common precursor for steroidogenesis. Cortical cells may acquire cholesterol from de novo synthesis and uptake from circulating low- and high-density lipoprotein particles (LDL and HDL). As cholesterol is part of the plasma membrane in all mammalian cells and an important regulator of membrane fluidity, cellular levels of free cholesterol are tightly regulated. To ensure a robust supply of cholesterol for steroidogenesis and to avoid cholesterol toxicity, cortical cells store large amounts of cholesterol as cholesteryl esters in intracellular lipid droplets. Cortical steroidogenesis relies on both mobilization of cholesterol from lipid droplets and constant uptake of circulating cholesterol to replenish lipid droplet stores. This chapter will describe mechanisms involved in cholesterol uptake, cholesteryl ester synthesis, lipid droplet formation, hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters, as well as their impact on steroidogenesis. Additionally, animal models and human diseases characterized by altered cortical cholesteryl ester storage, with or without abnormal steroidogenesis, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Zhou YX, Wei J, Deng G, Hu A, Sun PY, Zhao X, Song BL, Luo J. Delivery of low-density lipoprotein from endocytic carriers to mitochondria supports steroidogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41556-023-01160-6. [PMID: 37277481 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cholesterol carrier in circulation and is internalized into cells through LDL receptor (LDLR)-mediated endocytosis. The LDLR protein is highly expressed in the steroidogenic organs and LDL cholesterol is an important source for steroidogenesis. Cholesterol must be transported into the mitochondria, where steroid hormone biosynthesis initiates. However, how LDL cholesterol is conveyed to the mitochondria is poorly defined. Here, through genome-wide small hairpin RNA screening, we find that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein phospholipase D6 (PLD6), which hydrolyses cardiolipin to phosphatidic acid, accelerates LDLR degradation. PLD6 promotes the entrance of LDL and LDLR into the mitochondria, where LDLR is degraded by mitochondrial proteases and LDL-carried cholesterol is used for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Mechanistically, the outer mitochondrial membrane protein CISD2 binds to the cytosolic tail of LDLR and tethers LDLR+ vesicles to the mitochondria. The fusogenic lipid phosphatidic acid generated by PLD6 facilitates the membrane fusion of LDLR+ vesicles with the mitochondria. This intracellular transport pathway of LDL-LDLR bypasses the lysosomes and delivers cholesterol to the mitochondria for steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xia Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu-Yu Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Byrne CJ, Keogh K, Kenny DA. Review: Role of early life nutrition in regulating sexual development in bulls. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100802. [PMID: 37567659 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of high-quality semen from genetically elite bulls is essential to support continued genetic gain and the sustainability of cattle production worldwide. While reducing the age at which usable semen is available also reduces the generation interval, it is dependent on timely onset of puberty in young bulls. There is now good evidence that hastened sexual development in bulls is achieved through enhancing nutrition in early life. This review will cover the physiological and molecular-based response to prevailing diet in key organs that orchestrate the ontogeny of sexual development in the bull calf. Given the central importance of the interaction between metabolic status and neuronal function to the progression of sexual development, we will discuss how communication between metabolic organs, reproductive organs and the brain are mediated via molecular and physiological processes. The availability of high-throughput nucleic acid and protein sequencing technologies and innovative data analytics have allowed us to improve our understanding of molecular regulation of puberty and sexual development. Analysing data from a number of organs, simultaneously, allows for a better understanding of the underlying biology and biochemical interactions that are influencing sexual development. Specifically, we can determine how early life nutritional interventions augment changes in potential key molecules regulating sexual development. Ultimately, a greater understanding of the inherent regulation of postnatal sexual development in the bull calf and how strategically targeted nutritional management can advance the ontogeny of this process, will facilitate the timely availability of high-quality semen from genetically elite animals, thus supporting more economically and environmentally sustainable beef and dairy production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Byrne
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - K Keogh
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 F6X4, Ireland.
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Workman S, Wilson MJ. RNA sequencing and expression analysis reveal a role for Lhx9 in the haploinsufficient adult mouse ovary. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:295-309. [PMID: 37084273 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin ovarian development and function is vital for improving the research approaches to investigating fertility. Despite a significant improvement in our knowledge of molecular activity in the ovary, many questions remain unanswered in the quest to understand factors influencing fertility and ovarian pathologies such as cancer. Here, we present an investigation into the expression and function of the developmental transcription factor LIM Homeobox 9 (LHX9) in the adult mouse ovary. We have characterized Lhx9 expression in several cell types of the mature ovary across follicle stages. To evaluate possible LHX9 function in the adult ovary, we investigated ovarian anatomy and transcription in an Lhx9+/- knockout mouse model displaying subfertility. Despite a lack of gross anatomical differences between genotypes, RNA-sequencing found that 90 differentially expressed genes between Lhx9+/ - and Lhx9+/+ mice. Gene ontology analyses revealed a reduced expression of genes with major roles in ovarian steroidogenesis and an increased expression of genes associated with ovarian cancer. Analysis of the ovarian epithelium revealed Lhx9+/ - mice have a disorganized epithelial phenotype, corresponding to a significant increase in epithelial marker gene expression. These results provide an analysis of Lhx9 in the adult mouse ovary, suggesting a role in fertility and ovarian epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Workman
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan J Wilson
- Developmental Genomics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Bello UM, Madekurozwa MC, Groenewald HB, Arukwe A, Aire TA. Changes in testicular histomorphometry and ultrastructure of Leydig cells in adult male Japanese quail exposed to di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) during the prepubertal period. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55402-55413. [PMID: 36894732 PMCID: PMC10121545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters, such as di(n-butyl) phthalate, (DBP), are synthetic chemical pollutants commonly used as plasticizers in the manufacture of plastics. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DBP in the testes of adult male quails (Coturnix cortunix japonica) exposed by oral gavage to variable doses of DBP (0 [control], 1, 10, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kgbw-d), for 30 days during the prepubertal period, using histo-morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. Generally, significant decreases in seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) and epithelial height (SEH) were observed predominantly at the highest DBP doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), as compared to medium (50 mg/kg), and lowest doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) as well as the control group. Ultrastructurally, apparent dose-specific degenerative changes were observed in the Leydig cells. The lowest DBP doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) did not produce significant effects on Leydig cell ultrastructure, whereas, at the highest doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), the Leydig cells were remarkably conspicuous in the interstitium and appeared foamy. There was a preponderance of electron-lucent lipid droplets which crowded out the normal organelles of the cell, as well as increases in the number of dense bodies in the cytoplasm. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER) was less obvious, compacted, and wedged between the abundant lipid droplets and mitochondria. Taken together, these findings indicate that pre-pubertal exposure of precocious quail birds to DBP, produced parameter-specific histometric tubular changes, as well as dose-dependent cyto-structural derangement of the Leydig cells; which consequently may lead to overt reproductive impairments in the adult bird in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M Bello
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa.
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Mary-Cathrine Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Hermanus B Groenewald
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom A Aire
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True-Blue, St. George's, Grenada
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Alfradique VAP, Alves SVP, Netto DLS, Machado AF, Penitente-Filho JM, da Silva W, Brandão FZ, Lopes MS, Guimarães SEF. The effect of age and FSH stimulation on the ovarian follicular response, nuclear maturation, and gene expression of cumulus-oocyte complexes in prepubertal gilts. Theriogenology 2023; 199:57-68. [PMID: 36696770 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of age and FSH treatment on the ovarian response, follicular fluid (FF) biochemical composition, nuclear maturation, and molecular profile of cumulus-oocytes complexes (COCs) recovered from prepubertal gilts. Thirty-five prepubertal gilts were separated according to age [140 (n = 20) or 160 (n = 15) days], and within each age, the gilts were allotted to receive either 100 mg of FSH [treated; G140+FSH (n = 10) and G160+FSH (n = 7)] or saline solution [control; G140+control (n = 10) and G160+control (n = 8)]. Thus, four experimental groups were included in this study. In the FSH-treated gilts, the percentage of medium follicles increased (P < 0.0001) in the same proportion with which the percentage of small follicles decreased (P < 0.0001). In addition, the glucose concentration in the FF obtained from medium follicles increased (P < 0.05), while that of triglycerides decreased (P < 0.05) in the FSH-treated gilts. The FSH stimulation also improved (P < 0.05) the number of grade I COCs obtained from medium follicles and the meiotic maturation and BCB + rates. FSH treatment only upregulated (P < 0.05) HMGCR expression in immature COCs from prepubertal gilts. The metaphase II and BCB + rates, FF glucose and plasma IGF-1 levels were greater (P < 0.05) in prepubertal gilts at 160 than at 140 days of age. Age had no effect (P > 0.05) on the transcript abundance of the target genes in immature COCs. Hence, oocytes obtained from 140-day-old prepubertal gilts appeared less meiotically competent than those of 160-day-old prepubertal gilts. Our study suggests a possible strategy of using FSH treatment to improve oocyte quantity, quality, and nuclear maturation in 140 and 160-day-old prepubertal gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Angélico Pereira Alfradique
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Saullo Vinícius Pereira Alves
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Domingos Lollobrigida Souza Netto
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Ferreira Machado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jurandy Mauro Penitente-Filho
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Walmir da Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Zandonadi Brandão
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Vital Brazil, 64, CEP 24230-340, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Soares Lopes
- Topigs Norsvin Brasil, Rua Visconde do Rio Branco, 1310, CEP 80420-210, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Simone Eliza Facioni Guimarães
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Investigation of SAMD1 ablation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3000. [PMID: 36810619 PMCID: PMC9944271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SAM domain-containing protein 1 (SAMD1) has been implicated in atherosclerosis, as well as in chromatin and transcriptional regulation, suggesting a versatile and complex biological function. However, its role at an organismal level is currently unknown. Here, we generated SAMD1-/- and SAMD1+/- mice to explore the role of SAMD1 during mouse embryogenesis. Homozygous loss of SAMD1 was embryonic lethal, with no living animals seen after embryonic day 18.5. At embryonic day 14.5, organs were degrading and/or incompletely developed, and no functional blood vessels were observed, suggesting failed blood vessel maturation. Sparse red blood cells were scattered and pooled, primarily near the embryo surface. Some embryos had malformed heads and brains at embryonic day 15.5. In vitro, SAMD1 absence impaired neuronal differentiation processes. Heterozygous SAMD1 knockout mice underwent normal embryogenesis and were born alive. Postnatal genotyping showed a reduced ability of these mice to thrive, possibly due to altered steroidogenesis. In summary, the characterization of SAMD1 knockout mice suggests a critical role of SAMD1 during developmental processes in multiple organs and tissues.
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47
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Čonkaš J, Sabol M, Ozretić P. 'Toxic Masculinity': What Is Known about the Role of Androgen Receptors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043766. [PMID: 36835177 PMCID: PMC9965076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most prevalent cancer in the head and neck region, develops from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Its development directly correlates with alcohol and/or tobacco consumption and infection with human papillomavirus. Interestingly, the relative risk for HNSCC is up to five times higher in males, so it is considered that the endocrine microenvironment is another risk factor. A gender-specific risk for HNSCC suggests either the existence of specific risk factors that affect only males or that females have defensive hormonal and metabolic features. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of both nuclear and membrane androgen receptors (nAR and mARs, respectively) in HNSCC. As expected, the significance of nAR is much better known; it was shown that increased nAR expression was observed in HNSCC, while treatment with dihydrotestosterone increased proliferation, migration, and invasion of HNSCC cells. For only three out of five currently known mARs-TRPM8, CaV1.2, and OXER1-it was shown either their increased expression in various types of HNSCC or that their increased activity enhanced the migration and invasion of HNSCC cells. The primary treatments for HNSCC are surgery and radiotherapy, but targeted immunotherapies are on the rise. On the other hand, given the evidence of elevated nAR expression in HNSCC, this receptor represents a potential target for antiandrogen therapy. Moreover, there is still plenty of room for further examination of mARs' role in HNSCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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The Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Metabolism and Endocrinology. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020256. [PMID: 36829533 PMCID: PMC9953656 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in a multicellular organism has its own phenotype despite sharing the same genome. Epigenetics is a somatic, heritable pattern of gene expression or cellular phenotype mediated by structural changes in chromatin that occur without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification is an important factor in determining the level and timing of gene expression in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. There is also growing evidence concerning the interaction between epigenetics and metabolism. Accordingly, several enzymes that consume vital metabolites as substrates or cofactors are used during the catalysis of epigenetic modification. Therefore, altered metabolism might lead to diseases and pathogenesis, including endocrine disorders and cancer. In addition, it has been demonstrated that epigenetic modification influences the endocrine system and immune response-related pathways. In this regard, epigenetic modification may impact the levels of hormones that are important in regulating growth, development, reproduction, energy balance, and metabolism. Altering the function of the endocrine system has negative health consequences. Furthermore, endocrine disruptors (EDC) have a significant impact on the endocrine system, causing the abnormal functioning of hormones and their receptors, resulting in various diseases and disorders. Overall, this review focuses on the impact of epigenetics on the endocrine system and its interaction with metabolism.
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Basque A, Touaibia M, Martin LJ. Sinapic and ferulic acid phenethyl esters increase the expression of steroidogenic genes in MA-10 tumor Leydig cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Detlefsen AJ, Paulukinas RD, Penning TM. Germline Mutations in Steroid Metabolizing Enzymes: A Focus on Steroid Transforming Aldo-Keto Reductases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1873. [PMID: 36768194 PMCID: PMC9915212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones synchronize a variety of functions throughout all stages of life. Importantly, steroid hormone-transforming enzymes are ultimately responsible for the regulation of these potent signaling molecules. Germline mutations that cause dysfunction in these enzymes cause a variety of endocrine disorders. Mutations in SRD5A2, HSD17B3, and HSD3B2 genes that lead to disordered sexual development, salt wasting, and other severe disorders provide a glimpse of the impacts of mutations in steroid hormone transforming enzymes. In a departure from these established examples, this review examines disease-associated germline coding mutations in steroid-transforming members of the human aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. We consider two main categories of missense mutations: those resulting from nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and cases resulting from familial inherited base pair substitutions. We found mutations in human AKR1C genes that disrupt androgen metabolism, which can affect male sexual development and exacerbate prostate cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Others may be disease causal in the AKR1D1 gene that is responsible for bile acid deficiency. However, given the extensive roles of AKRs in steroid metabolism, we predict that with expanding publicly available data and analysis tools, there is still much to be uncovered regarding germline AKR mutations in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Detlefsen
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan D. Paulukinas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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