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Vojtkovská V, Voslářová E, Večerek V. Causes of shelter cats mortality in the Czech Republic. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 25:100379. [PMID: 39157703 PMCID: PMC11327390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the causes of mortality in shelter cats can contribute to its effective reduction. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of mortality in cat shelters in the Czech Republic, taking into account the age of the animals and their length of stay in the shelter facilities until natural death or euthanasia. A cooperation with two private no-kill shelters in the Czech Republic was established. The subject of the study were records of 3047 cats admitted to the selected shelters in the period from 2013 to 2023. A total of 357 (11.7 %) out of 3047 cats died or had to be euthanized in two monitored shelters. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the cat mortality was found between the two shelters (11.5 % and 12 %). The median length of stay of cats in the shelter until death or euthanasia was 23 days. The highest mortality was recorded in the youngest cats (≤ 6 months). The most common causes of death or euthanasia of cats in both shelters were feline infectious peritonitis (21.6 %), panleukopenia (18.5 %) and upper and lower respiratory tract infections (17.5 %). Adult and older cats were significantly (p < 0.05) more prone to death due to renal failure and cancer than young animals and kittens. The results of the study contribute to the knowledge on the health of cat population in shelters in the Czech Republic and can serve as a basis for further work that will target mortality reduction strategies in at-risk categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vojtkovská
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Voslářová
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Večerek
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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Treon E, Sidney T, Taiwo G, Idowu M, Leal Y, Ologunagba D, Ogunade IM. Effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and rumen bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 8:txad143. [PMID: 38221963 PMCID: PMC10785767 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, multiple live probiotic bacteria, and their fermentation products on performance, health, and the ruminal bacterial community of newly weaned beef steers during a 56-d receiving period. Forty newly weaned Angus crossbred steers (221 ± 25.6 kg BW; 180 ± 17 d of age) were stratified by body weight (BW) into four pens (10 steers per pen) such that each pen had a similar average BW at the beginning of the experiment. The pens were randomly assigned to receive a corn silage basal diet (CON; n = 20) or the basal diet supplemented with 9 g/steer/d of PRO feed additive (PRO; n = 20). The PRO additive is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, Lactobacillus animalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The DMI and water consumed were monitored using the GrowSafe intake nodes and custom flow meters, respectively. BWs were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Before morning feeding, 10 mL of blood was taken from each steer on days 0-7, and thereafter weekly for analyses of immune cells, plasma glucose, and NEFAs. On day 56, rumen fluid samples (200 mL each) were collected from all the steers for microbiome analysis. Over the 56-d receiving period, the supplemental PRO had no effects on DMI, water intake, or ADG. However, compared to CON, beef steers fed supplemental PRO tended to have greater ADG (P = 0.08) and BW (P = 0.07) during the first 14 d of the study. There was a treatment × day interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for WBC, neutrophils and monocytes over the 56 d such that beef steers fed supplemental PRO had lower blood concentrations on certain days during the first 7 d after weaning, indicating reduced inflammation or stress response. The results of the rumen microbiome analysis revealed that the relative abundance of complex fiber degrading or obligate proton-reducing bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Desulfovibrio, Syntrophococcus, and Acetitomaculum were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in beef steers fed supplemental PRO compared to CON. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of PRO improved the growth performance, reduced stress or inflammatory response during the initial days after weaning, and altered the ruminal bacterial community toward increased relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with improved rumen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Treon
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Taylor Sidney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Godstime Taiwo
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Modoluwamu Idowu
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Yarahy Leal
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Deborah Ologunagba
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Ibukun M Ogunade
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Robi DT, Urge B, Bogale A, Aleme M, Temteme S. Herd and animal level seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in different agro-ecologies of southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16852. [PMID: 37303577 PMCID: PMC10250804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection that commonly affects cattle in Ethiopia, causing significant negative economic impact. A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2020 and November 2021 in southwest Ethiopia to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis and its associated risk factors in cattle herds. Blood samples were taken from 461 randomly selected cattle to test for the presence of Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate test, with positive serum confirmed through the complement fixation test. A multivariable random effect logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors for Brucella seropositivity. The study found 7.14% (95% CI: 4.44-9.01) seroprevalence at the animal level and 12.23% (95% CI: 6.52-16.05) at the herd level based on the complement fixation test. Age (OR = 6.9, 95%CI: 1.83-15.97), herd size (OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.39-9.61), introducing new animals (OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.17-6.29), management system (OR = 12.2, 95%CI: 1.53-26.80), species composition (OR = 4.24, 95%CI: 1.51-11.91), and abortion (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 1.93-15.39) were found to be associated with Brucella seropositivity. The analysis also revealed two risk factors for Brucella infection at the herd level, including herd size (OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.05-10.68) and species composition (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.20-7.88). The presence of Brucella antibodies in cattle highlights the need for increased awareness and measures to mitigate the identified risk factors of the disease to prevent its spread. Furthermore, further studies are necessary to investigate the zoonotic transmission of brucellosis to humans and its role in cattle reproduction disorders in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Beksisa Urge
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Ararsa Bogale
- Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Aleme
- Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Temteme
- Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
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González LA, Carvalho JGS, Kuinchtner BC, Dona AC, Baruselli PS, D'Occhio MJ. Plasma metabolomics reveals major changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism of abruptly weaned beef calves. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8176. [PMID: 37210395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35383-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
1H NMR-based metabolomics was used to study the effect of abrupt weaning on the blood metabolome of beef calves. Twenty Angus calves (258 ± 5 kg BW; 5 to 6 months old) were randomly assigned to a non-weaned (NW) group that remained grazing with their dam or a weaned (W) group that underwent abrupt separation from their dam to a separate paddock on d 0 of the study. Body weight, behaviour, and blood samples for cortisol and metabolomics were measured at d 0, 1, 2, 7, and 14 of the study. On d 1 and 2, W calves spent less time grazing and ruminating, and more time vocalising and walking, had a greater concentration of cortisol, NEFA, 3-hydroxybutyrate, betaine, creatine, and phenylalanine, and lesser abundance of tyrosine (P < 0.05) compared to NW calves. Compared to NW calves at d 14, W calves had greater (P < 0.01) relative abundance of acetate, glucose, allantoin, creatinine, creatine, creatine phosphate, glutamate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, and seven AA (alanine, glutamate, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine and valine) but lesser (P < 0.05) relative abundance of low density and very low-density lipids, and unsaturated lipids. Both PCA and OPLS-DA showed no clustering or discrimination between groups at d 0 and increasing divergence to d 14. Blood metabolomics is a useful tool to quantify the acute effects of stress in calves during the first 2 days after abrupt weaning, and longer-term changes in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism due to nutritional changes from cessation of milk intake and greater reliance on forage intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A González
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.
| | - Julia G S Carvalho
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C Kuinchtner
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
- Natural Pasture Ecology Laboratory (LEPAN), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Anthony C Dona
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Medical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Pietro S Baruselli
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
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Salari Sedigh H, Saffarpour A, Jamshidi S, Ashouri M, Nassiri SM, Dehghan MM, Ranjbar E, Shafieian R. In vitro investigation of canine periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A possibility of promising tool for periodontal regeneration. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:403-411. [PMID: 37113531 PMCID: PMC10127137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent investigations indicate that canine periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (cPDLSCs) may reveal a reliable strategy for repair of periodontal tissues via cell-based tissue engineering approaches. Due to limited research, this study aimed to demonstrate the phenotypic characterization of cPDLSc in comparison with canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBMSCs) in vitro. Methods Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from PDL and BM of five male adult Mongrel dogs. In vitro isolation and expansion as well as biologic characterization including colony unit formation (CFU), osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, flow cytometric analysis of CD34 and CD44, and RT-PCR of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), periostin (POSTN) and S100A4 were performed. Furthermore, electron microscopy analysis was done to complement the comparative research. Results CFU assay revealed that colonies of cPDLSCs presented 70% confluency with a more finite lifespan than BM-MSCs, showing a significant increase in cPDLSCs. Both types of MSCs showed osteogenic and adipogenic phenotypic characterized with clusters of mineralized depositions and lipid vacuoles, respectively. Both types of MSCs expressed CD44 with limited expression of CD34. RT-PCR of cPDLSCs revealed that expression of ALP, POSTN, OCN and S100A4 genes were significantly higher than those of BMSCs. In addition, comparison of SEM and revealed that cPDLSCs expressed more extracellular collagen fibers. Conclusions The current study indicated that cPDLSCs show potency as a novel cellular therapy for periodontal regeneration a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Salari Sedigh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anna Saffarpour
- Department of Periodontology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Jamshidi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ashouri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Nassiri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmail Ranjbar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Shafieian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gubbels ER, Jaeger JR, Salverson RR, Cammack KM, Grubbs JK, Underwood KR, Olson KC, Blair AD. Case study: effects of low-stress weaning on calf growth performance and carcass characteristics. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad015. [PMID: 36845362 PMCID: PMC9951182 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of two low-stress weaning methods with conventional weaning on post-weaning performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. Single-sourced steer calves (n = 89) were stratified by body weight (BW) and dam age into three groups in a completely randomized design (n = 29 or 30 steers/treatment): ABRUPT (calves isolated from dams on the day of weaning), FENCE (calves separated from dams via a fence for 7 d prior to completely weaning), and NOSE (nose-flap inserted and calves remained with dams for 7 d prior to completely weaning). At day +7 post-weaning, calves were transported to a commercial feedlot where they received standard step-up and finishing rations typical for a Northern Plains feedlot. BWs were recorded in study day -7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), 7 (PostWean), 26 (Receiving), 175 (Ultrasound), and 238 or 268 (Final), and average daily gains (ADG) were calculated for each time period. Blood samples were collected via coccygeal venipuncture at d -7 (PreTreat), 0 (Weaning), and +7 (PostWean) from a subsample of calves (n = 10 per treatment) and analyzed for haptoglobin (acute-phase stress protein) concentrations using a bovine haptoglobin ELISA kit. On day 175, ultrasound fat thickness and intramuscular fat were determined and utilized to project marketing dates when steers reached 1.27 cm of backfat (day 238 or 268). Carcass measurements were recorded at the time of harvest. The weaning method interacted (P < 0.01) with a time period for ADG and BW. Calf ADG was greater (P < 0.01) in the NOSE treatment during PreTreat to Weaning than ABRUPT or FENCE. In the Weaning to PostWean period, the FENCE calves had greater (P < 0.01) ADG than ABRUPT and NOSE. During the Postwean to Receiving period ADG was greater (P < 0.04) for ABRUPT compared to FENCE and NOSE. Calf ADG was similar (P > 0.05) among treatments for the remainder of the feeding period. Calf BW did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05) at all times of weighing. Haptoglobin was undetectable in all samples except two samples collected on day -7. The weaning method did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass measurements. Collectively these data suggest low-stress weaning methods do not significantly improve post-weaning growth performance or carcass characteristics compared to using conventional methods despite minor, short-term alterations in ADG during the weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Gubbels
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - John R Jaeger
- Kansas Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601
| | - Robin R Salverson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Kristi M Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Judson K Grubbs
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Kenneth C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
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Lugelo A, Hampson K, Ferguson EA, Czupryna A, Bigambo M, Duamor CT, Kazwala R, Johnson PCD, Lankester F. Development of Dog Vaccination Strategies to Maintain Herd Immunity against Rabies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040830. [PMID: 35458560 PMCID: PMC9028497 DOI: 10.3390/v14040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rabies can be prevented through mass dog vaccination campaigns; however, in rabies endemic countries, pulsed central point campaigns do not always achieve the recommended coverage of 70%. This study describes the development of a novel approach to sustain high coverage based on decentralized and continuous vaccination delivery. A rabies vaccination campaign was conducted across 12 wards in the Mara region, Tanzania to test this approach. Household surveys were used to obtain data on vaccination coverage as well as factors influencing dog vaccination. A total 17,571 dogs were vaccinated, 2654 using routine central point delivery and 14,917 dogs using one of three strategies of decentralized continuous vaccination. One month after the first vaccination campaign, coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations was higher (64.1, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) 62.1-66%) than in areas receiving pulsed vaccinations (35.9%, 95% CIs 32.6-39.5%). Follow-up surveys 10 months later showed that vaccination coverage in areas receiving decentralized vaccinations remained on average over 60% (60.7%, 95% CIs 58.5-62.8%) and much higher than in villages receiving pulsed vaccinations where coverage was on average 32.1% (95% CIs 28.8-35.6%). We conclude that decentralized continuous dog vaccination strategies have the potential to improve vaccination coverage and maintain herd immunity against rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lugelo
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 78373, Tanzania
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (K.H.); (E.A.F.); (A.C.); (P.C.D.J.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3105, Tanzania;
- Global Animal Health Tanzania, Arusha 1642, Tanzania; (M.B.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Katie Hampson
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (K.H.); (E.A.F.); (A.C.); (P.C.D.J.)
| | - Elaine A. Ferguson
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (K.H.); (E.A.F.); (A.C.); (P.C.D.J.)
| | - Anna Czupryna
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (K.H.); (E.A.F.); (A.C.); (P.C.D.J.)
| | - Machunde Bigambo
- Global Animal Health Tanzania, Arusha 1642, Tanzania; (M.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Christian Tetteh Duamor
- Department of Global Health, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania;
| | - Rudovick Kazwala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro P.O. Box 3105, Tanzania;
| | - Paul C. D. Johnson
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; (K.H.); (E.A.F.); (A.C.); (P.C.D.J.)
| | - Felix Lankester
- Global Animal Health Tanzania, Arusha 1642, Tanzania; (M.B.); (F.L.)
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Agrawal S, Kumar S, Chaudhary R, Chauhan A, Kumar A, Sivamani B. Detection of nucleotide variants in FCGRT (Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha) gene and their influence on colostral IgG concentration in Indian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3773-3781. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Losada-Espinosa N, Estévez-Moreno LX, Bautista-Fernández M, Losada H, María GA, Miranda-de la Lama GG. Integrative surveillance of cattle welfare at the abattoir level: Risk factors associated with liver condemnation, severe hoof disorders, carcase bruising and high muscle pH. Anim Welf 2021. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.30.4.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the multi-dimensionality of animal welfare, any monitoring system for slaughter animals should comprise an integrative vision that facilitates animal welfare and food safety assessment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors as possible causes for liver condemnations,
hoof disorders, bruise prevalence, and the quality of beef carcases under commercial operating conditions in Mexico. Data were recorded for 143 journeys encompassing 1,040 commercial cattle, originating from feedlots, free-range, and dairy production systems. Details on journey distance, vehicle
type, cattle type, and animals' origin were gathered from abattoir reports. We found that carcase bruising (41%) and hoof disorders (43.9%) had the highest prevalence, regardless of the production system. Variables such as cattle type and production system influenced liver condemnations; old
bulls extensively raised were more prone to present parasitosis such as Fasciola hepatica. Transportation conditions (journey distance, vehicle type) and cattle type might have influenced the development of hoof disorders in the evaluated animals. Multivariable logistic regression showed
that animals' origin was a potential risk factor for severe bruising and high muscle pH, with cull dairy cows getting the most serious damage. In general, cattle transport conditions were factors that showed interactions with three of the evaluated indicators (severe hoof injuries, carcase
bruising, meat pH24h). Our study shows the need to implement integrative surveillance to identify risk factors according to the production system from which the animals originate. With this information it is possible to develop strategies to mitigate specific cattle welfare problems.
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Nickles KR, Relling AE, Parker AJ. Intranasal oxytocin treatment on the day of weaning does not decrease walking behavior or improve plasma metabolites in beef calves placed on pasture. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab191. [PMID: 34693214 PMCID: PMC8530090 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal oxytocin administered at abrupt weaning on weaning behaviors such as walking distance and time devoted to walking, calf body weight, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), and cortisol. Twenty Simmental × Angus heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: intranasal oxytocin (OXT; n = 10) or intranasal saline (CON; n = 10). All calves were given the respective intranasal treatment on the day of weaning (day 0) and then placed on pasture together. Calves were weighed and a blood sample was obtained on days 0, 1, 7, and 14 postweaning. Blood samples were subsequently used to quantify plasma NEFA, β-HB, and cortisol concentrations. All calves in both treatment groups were fitted with an individual global positioning system that recorded calf location every 10 s for a 16-h period on days 0, 7, and 14 to quantify and evaluate walking behaviors. There was no treatment × day effect for distance walked (P = 0.82), walking time (P = 0.80), non-walking time (P = 0.88), area utilization index (P = 0.84), calf body weight (P = 0.82), average daily gain (P = 0.54), NEFA (P = 0.22), or cortisol concentrations (P = 0.32). There was a tendency for a treatment × day effect observed for average walking speed (P = 0.09) and β-HB (P = 0.10), such that calves in the CON treatment tended to have lesser average walking speeds on day 14 and tended to have greater β-HB concentration after weaning. There was a treatment effect (P = 0.02) for NEFA concentrations, with the CON calves having a greater plasma NEFA concentration throughout the study compared with OXT calves. These data imply that OXT calves may have had differing metabolic responses immediately after weaning that could have altered the mobilization of NEFA, but this change was not substantial enough to impact body weights or walking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten R Nickles
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Alejandro E Relling
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Anthony J Parker
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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de la Cruz-Cruz L, Orozco-Gregorio H, Vargas-Romero J, Hernández-Arteaga S, Sánchez-Salcedo J, González-Hernández M, Ballesteros-Rodea G, Roldán-Santiago P, Bonilla-Jaime H. Physiological responses in weaned water buffalo calves with different separation strategies. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Piccione G, Badon T, Bedin S, Giannetto C, Morgante M, Giudice E, Gianesella M, Fiore E. Evaluation of yeast supplementation in steers housed under suitable temperature–humidity index. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1621039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Tamara Badon
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bedin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Massimo Morgante
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Fiore
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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13
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Singh S, Kalra S, Bubber P, Datta TK, Mohanty AK, Kaushik JK. Functional analysis of recombinant buffalo lactoferrin and monoferric lobes and their cytotoxic effect on buffalo mammary epithelial cells. Biometals 2019; 32:771-783. [PMID: 31555927 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) has been involved in diverse type of cellular activities and its biochemical properties are species specific. Lf is a bilobal molecule in which each lobe binds with one Fe2+/Fe3+ ion. A lot of physiological effects of Lf are regulated by its iron binding and release properties; however these properties are species-specific. To understand the iron-binding, thermal stability and cytotoxic effect of buffalo Lf (buLf) and contribution of individual N- and C-terminal lobes therein, buLf and the truncated monoferric lobes were expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis or Pichia pastoris yeast expression systems. The iron-uptake/release behavior and thermal stability of recombinant buLf was observed similar to the Lf purified from buffalo milk. Supplementation of recombinant buLf to the buffalo mammary epithelial cells (BuMEC) culture decreased their proliferation and the cell viability in a dose dependent manner. The cell growth decreased by 37% at 1.0 mg/ml Lf. C-lobe decreased the viability of BuMEC by 15% at 1 mg/ml. The C-lobe showed greater cytotoxic effect against BuMEC in comparison to N-lobe. buLf caused a reduced expression of the casein in BuMEC. At 1.0 mg/ml of buLf, CSN2 transcript level was reduced by 74% and 78% in the normal and hormone free media, respectively. The expression of IL-1β gene in BuMEC increased by 4-5 fold in the presence of 1.0 mg/ml of Lf. The effect was similar to that observed in the involutory mammary gland, suggesting the role of elevated level of Lf in remodeling of buffalo mammary tissue during involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Singh
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shalini Kalra
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India
| | - Parvesh Bubber
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali, Rajasthan, India
- School of Life Sciences, Biochemistry Discipline, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tirtha K Datta
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India
| | - Ashok K Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India
| | - Jai K Kaushik
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132 001, India.
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14
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Vedovatto M, da Silva Pereira C, Cortada Neto IM, Moriel P, Morais MDG, Franco GL. Effect of a trace mineral injection at weaning on growth, antioxidant enzymes activity, and immune system in Nellore calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:881-886. [PMID: 31471881 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) at the time of weaning on growth, antioxidant, and immune response of Nellore (Bos indicus) calves. Weaned calves (n = 159; 213 ± 32 kg) were stratified by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: injection (1 mL/45 kg of BW) of saline or ITM. Saline solution consisted of 0.9% NaCl, whereas ITM had 60, 10, 5, and 15 mg/mL of Zn, Mn, Se, and Cu, respectively. The application of ITM increased (P ≤ 0.04) the plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase on day 7 and plasma glutathione peroxidase on day 7 and day 21. The ITM calves had greater leukocyte concentration on day 64 (P = 0.04), whereas neutrophil and mast cell concentrations did not differ (P ≥ 0.67) between treatments. The ITM calves tended (P ≤ 0.08) to have greater concentrations of lymphocytes on day 64 and eosinophils on day 21, but not (P ≥ 0.15) monocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin compared to saline calves. The ITM calves had less mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC; P = 0.02) and tended to have increased platelet concentrations on day 21 (P = 0.08). Growth performance did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.78). Thus, ITM at weaning did not impact growth performance, but increased plasma concentrations of antioxidant enzymes and blood platelets, improved components of the immune system, and reduced MCHC of Nellore calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Vedovatto
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865, USA
| | - Camila da Silva Pereira
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Miranda Cortada Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Philipe Moriel
- University of Florida - Range Cattle Research and Education Center, Ona, FL, 33865, USA
| | - Maria da Graça Morais
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gumercindo Loriano Franco
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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15
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Lynch E, McGee M, Earley B. Weaning management of beef calves with implications for animal health and welfare. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1594825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eilish Lynch
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Mark McGee
- Livestock Systems Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
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16
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McDonnell RP, O' Doherty JV, Earley B, Clarke AM, Kenny DA. Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre- and post-weaning periods. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:7. [PMID: 30719285 PMCID: PMC6350401 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research in both calves and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and β-glucans may have positive effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance, behaviour, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calves with n-3 PUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans derived from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calves, aged 13.7 ± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered 5 L (120 g/L) per day of milk replacer (MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR, (1) Control (CON); (2) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day (FO); (3) 1 g β-glucans per day (GL) and (4) 40 g n-3 PUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans (FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62 (pre-weaning), while concentrate provision continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Individual daily feed intake and feeding behaviour was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular intervals. Results Overall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calves, respectively (SEM = 0.037; P < 0.0001). Calves supplemented with GL were significantly lighter (P < 0.0001) at both weaning (d 62) and turnout to pasture (d 93) than un-supplemented calves, with a similar effect (P < 0.0001) evident for calves receiving FO compared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded visits where milk was not consumed (P < 0.0001) while supplementation with FO increased mean drinking speed (P < 0.0001). Supplementation with GL resulted in greater concentrations of haptoglobin (P = 0.034), greater serum osmolality (P = 0.021) and lower lymphocyte levels (P = 0.027). In addition, cells from GL supplemented calves exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both Phytohaemagglutinin A stimulated IFN-γ (P = 0.019) and Concanavalin A stimulated IFN-γ (P = 0.012) following in vitro challenges. Conclusions Pre-weaning supplementation of bull calves with either n-3 PUFA or β-glucan resulted in reduced voluntary feed intake of concentrate and consequently poorer pre-weaning calf performance. There was no evidence for any beneficial effect of either supplementation strategy on calves’ immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi P McDonnell
- 1School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Present address: GippsDairy, 71 Korumburra-Warragul Road, Warragul, VIC 3820 Australia
| | - John V O' Doherty
- 1School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Clarke
- 1School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- 1School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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17
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Zhang Q, Li C, Niu X, Zhang Z, Li F, Li F. An intensive milk replacer feeding program benefits immune response and intestinal microbiota of lambs during weaning. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:366. [PMID: 30477479 PMCID: PMC6258415 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1691-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-weaning milk replacer (MR) feeding program is a key factor affecting the health and welfare of lambs during their weaning. Weaning stress is well known as an inducement that negatively impacts the immune system of young ruminants, whose physiological and immune state is closely linked to the community of microbiota in their intestines. This study had two objectives: 1) To evaluate the innate immune response to weaning stress at both the physiological and molecular level; 2) To investigate changes to the jejunal chyme and mucosal adhesive microbiota between the control and high plane of MR groups. Results In this experiment, the plasma concentrations of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were higher in the C than the H group (P < 0.05), as was the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and CXCL8 (P < 0.05) in plasma. In jejunal tissue, the expression of TLR4 and TNFα were also higher in the C group (P < 0.01); histopathology showed the H group had lower lymphocyte infiltration. In the C group, however, major pathological changes were associated with extensive infiltration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Principal component analysis indicated the lamb immune response was influenced by weaning stress and modulated by the MR treatments. 16S-rRNA sequencing was used to evaluate jejunal mucosa and chyme bacterial diversity and composition. The C group’s chyme had a greater alpha index (ACE: P = 0.095; Chao1: P = 0.085) than H group. In jejunal mucosa, the relative abundance of Plesiomonas was 4-fold higher (P = 0.017) in the C than the H group. Conclusions This study’s results revealed that weaning stress induced alterations to the lambs’ immune system that lasted beyond the 21 d measured, and that a long-term inflammatory response effect was evidenced by changes in their hematological and expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pre-weaning with a differing MR allowance resulted in complicated biological responses and compositional changes to the lambs’ jejunal microbiota. Clearly, an intensive MR feeding program induced a milder immunity response and lower relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria when compared with the traditional feeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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18
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Earley B, Tiernan K, Duffy C, Dunn A, Waters S, Morrison S, McGee M. Effect of suckler cow vaccination against glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) on passive immunity and physiological response to subsequent bovine respiratory disease vaccination of their progeny. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:43-51. [PMID: 29421483 PMCID: PMC7111865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The study objectives were: 1) to characterise the development of immunocompetence in beef suckler calves from birth to three months of age, and 2) to trace glycoprotein E (gE)-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) antibodies from dam to calf and subsequent vaccination against pneumonia. Thirty multiparous beef suckler, spring-calving cows, consisting of two genotypes were involved; Limousin × Friesian (LF) and Charolais × Limousin (CL). Cows were immunised against the inactivated antigen strain of BoHV-1 (gE- (IBR marker vaccine) at day − 84 and received a booster at day − 56 relative to the expected calving date (d 0). Calves were immunised at 14 and 42 days of age against PI-3 virus, BRSV and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica serotype A1 using a commercial vaccine administered subcutaneously. Additionally, calves were immunised against BoHV-1 at 42 days of age, using 1 dose of a live commercial vaccine administered intranasally. Blood samples were collected from all calves (n = 30) via jugular venipuncture at birth, prior to colostrum feeding (0 h), at 12 h (h), 24 h, 72 h and 168 h after the initial feeding of colostrum, and at d 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 and 84 post birth. The mean ratio of gE negative antibodies circulating in the blood of LF and CL dams pre-partum scored negative to gE ab (S/N ≥ 0.70). Antibody levels of BoHV-1 (wild type (wt)) peaked at 12 h post-birth in calves and declined thereafter, as the maternal antibodies decayed. There was no difference in BoHV-1 and BRSV antibody levels in calves post vaccination. Greater decrease in cow serum IgG concentration in LF cows than CL cows pre-partum. Progeny of LF cows have a greater pre-weaning ADG than the progeny of CL cows. Maternally derived antibodies affects response to vaccination in suckled beef calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Earley
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
| | - Katie Tiernan
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland; Veterinary Sciences Centre, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Catherine Duffy
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amanda Dunn
- Sustainable Livestock, Agri-food and Bio-sciences Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sinead Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Steven Morrison
- Sustainable Livestock, Agri-food and Bio-sciences Institute, Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark McGee
- Livestock Systems Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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19
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Marti S, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Janzen ED, Meléndez DM, Gellatly D, Pajor EA. Use of topical healing agents on scrotal wounds after surgical castration in weaned beef calves. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2017; 58:1081-1085. [PMID: 28966358 PMCID: PMC5603928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Angus bulls (n = 48) were randomly assigned to control (castrated without the application of a postoperative healing agent) or surgical castration followed by either the application of a topical germicide, aluminum powder spray, or liquid bandage. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of commercial topical healing agents in improving wound healing and reducing inflammation and secondary infection after surgical castration. Indicators of wound healing included scrotal area temperature (determined by infrared thermography), scrotal circumference, clinical state of the scrotum score, and the wound healing score. Pain sensitivity was measured using a Von Frey anesthesiometer. The healing agents used in this study did not improve indicators of healing such as swelling and healing rate scores or indicators of inflammation including scrotal temperature and circumference of surgical castration lesions. Pain sensation associated with surgical castration was found to last 35 d after the procedure.
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20
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Abstract
The association between transportation and the occurrence of the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) has long been recognised. Many hypotheses regarding this association have been declared through the past decades, and it is agreed upon by most researchers that the multiple stressors that calves experience during transportation result in an overall immunosuppression that allows the respiratory tract to be invaded by numerous opportunistic pathogens. Furthermore, the innate immune cells, neutrophils, may be trapped in a paradox whereby their crucial defence and pathogen-killing activities are counteracted by excessive inflammation and tissue damage that may exacerbate disease, including the BRDC. Neutrophilia in response to glucocorticoids has been attributed to an influx of immature neutrophils newly released from the bone marrow, a decrease in neutrophil margination along endothelial walls, and a decrease in neutrophil apoptosis. Several of these explanations have been confirmed by altered expression of genes and proteins important for neutrophil margination and apoptosis.
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21
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Murray GM, More SJ, Sammin D, Casey MJ, McElroy MC, O'Neill RG, Byrne WJ, Earley B, Clegg TA, Ball H, Bell CJ, Cassidy JP. Pathogens, patterns of pneumonia, and epidemiologic risk factors associated with respiratory disease in recently weaned cattle in Ireland. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 29:20-34. [PMID: 28074713 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716674757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the pathogens, morphologic patterns, and risk factors associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in 136 recently weaned cattle ("weanlings"), 6-12 mo of age, that were submitted for postmortem examination to regional veterinary laboratories in Ireland. A standardized sampling protocol included routine microbiologic investigations as well as polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Lungs with histologic lesions were categorized into 1 of 5 morphologic patterns of pneumonia. Fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia (49%) and interstitial pneumonia (48%) were the morphologic patterns recorded most frequently. The various morphologic patterns of pulmonary lesions suggest the involvement of variable combinations of initiating and compounding infectious agents that hindered any simple classification of the etiopathogenesis of the pneumonias. Dual infections were detected in 58% of lungs, with Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni most frequently recorded in concert. M. haemolytica (43%) was the most frequently detected respiratory pathogen; H. somni was also shown to be frequently implicated in pneumonia in this age group of cattle. Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (16% each) were the viral agents detected most frequently. Potential respiratory pathogens (particularly Pasteurella multocida, BPIV-3, and H. somni) were frequently detected (64%) in lungs that had neither gross nor histologic pulmonary lesions, raising questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis of BRD. The breadth of respiratory pathogens detected in bovine lungs by various detection methods highlights the diagnostic value of parallel analyses in respiratory disease postmortem investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Murray
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Simon J More
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Dónal Sammin
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Mìcheàl J Casey
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Máire C McElroy
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Rónan G O'Neill
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - William J Byrne
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Bernadette Earley
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Tracy A Clegg
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Hywel Ball
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Colin J Bell
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
| | - Joseph P Cassidy
- Sligo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Doonally, Sligo, Ireland (Murray).,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland (Cassidy, More, Clegg).,Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland (O'Neill, Sammin, Casey, Byrne, McElroy).,Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland (Earley).,Agri-food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stormont, Belfast, Northern Ireland (Ball, Bell)
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Crisol-Martínez E, Stanley D, Geier MS, Hughes RJ, Moore RJ. Sorghum and wheat differentially affect caecal microbiota and associated performance characteristics of meat chickens. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3071. [PMID: 28286717 PMCID: PMC5344015 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of wheat- and sorghum-based diets on broiler chickens. The growth performance and caecal microbial community of chickens were measured and correlations between productivity and specific gut microbes were observed. Cobb broilers 15 days of age were individually caged and two dietary treatments were used, one with a wheat-based diet (n = 48) and another one with a sorghum-based diet (n = 48). Growth performance measurements were taken over a 10 day period and samples for microbiota analysis were taken at the end of that period. Caecal microbiota was characterised by sequencing of 16S bacterial rRNA gene amplicons. Overall, the results indicated that a sorghum-based diet produced higher apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and body-weight gain (BWG) values in chickens, compared to a wheat-based diet. Nevertheless, sorghum-fed birds had higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) values than wheat-fed birds, possibly because of some anti-nutritional factors in sorghum. Further analyses showed that caecal microbial community was significantly associated with AME values, but microbiota composition differed between dietary treatments. A number of bacteria were individually correlated with growth performance measurements. Numerous OTUs assigned to strains of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lachnospiraceae, which were prevalent in sorghum-fed chickens, were correlated with high AME and BWG values, respectively. Additionally, a number of OTUs assigned to Clostridiales that were prevalent in wheat-fed chickens were correlated with low FCR values. Overall, these results suggest that between-diet variations in growth performance were partly associated with changes in the caecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Crisol-Martínez
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dragana Stanley
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Future Farming Systems, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.,Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark S Geier
- Research and Innovation Services, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Hughes
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Pig and Poultry Production Institute, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- Poultry Cooperative Research Centre, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Impacts of Seasonal Housing and Teat Preparation on Raw Milk Microbiota: a High-Throughput Sequencing Study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 83:AEM.02694-16. [PMID: 27815277 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02694-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In pasture-based systems, changes in dairy herd habitat due to seasonality results in the exposure of animals to different environmental niches. These niches contain distinct microbial communities that may be transferred to raw milk, with potentially important food quality and safety implications for milk producers. It is postulated that the extent to which these microorganisms are transferred could be limited by the inclusion of a teat preparation step prior to milking. High-throughput sequencing on a variety of microbial niches on farms was used to study the patterns of microbial movement through the dairy production chain and, in the process, to investigate the impact of seasonal housing and the inclusion/exclusion of a teat preparation regime on the raw milk microbiota from the same herd over two sampling periods, i.e., indoor and outdoor. Beta diversity and network analyses showed that environmental and milk microbiotas separated depending on whether they were sourced from an indoor or outdoor environment. Within these respective habitats, similarities between the milk microbiota and that of teat swab samples and, to a lesser extent, fecal samples were apparent. Indeed, SourceTracker identified the teat surface as the most significant source of contamination, with herd feces being the next most prevalent source of contamination. In milk from cows grazing outdoors, teat prep significantly increased the numbers of total bacteria present. In summary, sequence-based microbiota analysis identified possible sources of raw milk contamination and highlighted the influence of environment and farm management practices on the raw milk microbiota. IMPORTANCE The composition of the raw milk microbiota is an important consideration from both a spoilage perspective and a food safety perspective and has implications for milk targeted for direct consumption and for downstream processing. Factors that influence contamination have been examined previously, primarily through the use of culture-based techniques. We describe here the extensive application of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies to study the relationship between the milk production environment and the raw milk microbiota. The results show that the environment in which the herd was kept was the primary driver of the composition of the milk microbiota composition.
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Sun H, He X, Ye L, Zhang XX, Wu B, Ren H. Diversity, abundance, and possible sources of fecal bacteria in the Yangtze River. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2143-2152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Yin D, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng L, Zhang Y. Roxarsone induces angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt signaling. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27708768 PMCID: PMC5039879 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsenic acid, roxarsone, is widely used as an organic arsenic feed additive for livestock and poultry, which may increase the level of arsenic in the environment and the risk of exposure to arsenic in human. Little information is focused on the angiogenesis roxarsone-induced and its mechanism at present. This paper aims to study the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in roxarsone-induced angiogenesis in rat vascular endothelial cells and a mouse B16-F10 melanoma xenograft model. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with 0.1-10.0 µmol/L roxarsone resulted in an increase in the OD rate in the MTT assay, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the proliferation assay, the migration distance in the scratch test and the number of meshes in tube formation assay. Further, treatment with 1.0 µmol/L roxarsone was associated with significantly higher phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and expression of VEGF than the control treatment. The PI3K inhibitor was found to significantly combat the effects of 1.0 µmol/L roxarsone. Furthermore, roxarsone treatment was observed to increase the weight and volume of B16-F10 xenografts and VEGF expression and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, with the 25 mg/kg dose having significant effects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that roxarsone has the ability to promote growth and tube formation in vascular endothelial cells and the growth of mouse B16-F10 xenografts. Further, the findings also indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling plays a regulatory role in roxarsone-induced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Donglai Yin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lingmin Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Campistol C, Kattesh HG, Waller JC, Rawls EL, Arthington JD, Carroll JA, Pighetti GM, Saxton AM. Effects of pre-weaning feed supplementation and total versus fenceline weaning on the physiology and performance of beef steers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ijlp2016.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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27
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Nagaraj S, Ramlal S, Venkataswamachari BP, Paul S, Kingston J, Batra HV. Differentiation of entC1 from entC2/entC3 with a single primer pair using simple and rapid SYBR Green-based RT-PCR melt curve analysis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8495-506. [PMID: 27245675 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their involvement in foodborne illness, the epidemiological relevance of staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC) subtypes is poorly documented may be due to high sequence similarity. Among subtypes, SEC1, SEC2, and SEC3 exhibit more than 97 % homology because of which specific detection tools are seldom available to identify and differentiate them. In this study, a SYBR Green-based RT-PCR followed by melt curve analysis was developed for differentiation of entC1 from entC2/entC3 using a single primer pair. Nucleotide sequences of all three subtypes were analyzed using Clustal Omega program and the region with significant sequence variation/heterogeneity (where utmost SNPs were closely located and accessible for RT-PCR) was selected for amplification by designing a single primer pair that could amplify all three subtypes. In spite of same amplicon size, entC1 showed distinct melt peak at 76 °C. However, due to high similarity between entC2 and entC3, the developed format was deficient to discriminate between them and both showed melt peak at 82 °C. Reliability of developed RT-PCR was evaluated using various naturally contaminated samples and 91 food and clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates where satisfactory results were obtained in comparison with commercial immunoassay kit and conventional PCRs using validated primers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method being reported to differentiate entC1 from entC2/entC3 using single primer pair which is unachievable by conventional PCR due to same amplicon size. As benefits, the method is sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive with no requirement of fluorescent probes, multiple primers, and post-PCR procedures. Thus, the assay might find its utility as a detection tool in epidemiological survey of foodborne outbreaks for simultaneous identification and differentiation of entC1 from entC2/entC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Nagaraj
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - Shylaja Ramlal
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India.
| | | | - Soumya Paul
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - Joseph Kingston
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - Harsh Vardhan Batra
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Siddarthanagar, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
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Minimizing cows' stress when calves were early weaned using the two-step method with nose flaps. Animal 2016; 10:1871-1876. [PMID: 27125177 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116000793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Early weaning may be used in beef cattle production to improve reproduction rates in range conditions. However, weaning causes a stress response in cows, which may be especially strong in early weaning management, as the bond between the cow and the calf is still strong. We hypothesized that weaning calves in two steps, with the aid of anti-sucking devices (nose flaps) would reduce the behavioural stress response in the cows separated from their calves 2 months after parturition. We compared the behaviour frequency and weight change in cows that were weaned abruptly, by separation of the calf on day 0 of the study, or in two steps, consisting of the use of anti-sucking nose flaps for 5 days before permanent separation; a third group was not weaned to serve as control. Thirty-six crossbred multiparous Aberdeen Angus×Hereford cows and their calves (n=12/treatment) were managed in three paddocks with similar pasture availability, with four dyads from each treatment per paddock. Cows' behaviour was observed by direct visual instantaneous sampling, at 10 min intervals from days -3 to 11. Weaning the calves in two steps clearly attenuated the behavioural stress response observed in abruptly weaned cows, which included reductions in grazing and lying, and increases in pacing, walking and vocalizing. Our results corroborate those previously shown for cows nursing older calves, and indicate that step weaning can reduce the behavioural stress response of cows at weaning, even when the calf is weaned shortly after birth, when the bond between the cow and calf is still very strong.
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Kipanyula MJ. Why has canine rabies remained endemic in the Kilosa district of Tanzania? Lessons learnt and the way forward. Infect Dis Poverty 2015; 4:52. [PMID: 26631275 PMCID: PMC4668701 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-015-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic dogs are the main targets for rabies control as they are the principal reservoir for transmission of the rabies virus to humans and other domestic animals. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that contribute to the rabies virus infecting the human population in a rural community of Eastern Tanzania. METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, field visits were conducted to gather information on villagers' knowledge on and practices associated with canine rabies control and dog vaccination campaigns. RESULTS A total of 248 individuals were interviewed in the Kilosa district, Tanzania. Almost two-thirds (61.3 %) had a primary school education. The majority (91.1 %) of the respondents were aware that rabies is acquired through dog bites and 66.9 % knew about the clinical signs of rabies in an animal. Very few (17.7 %), however, were aware of the clinical signs of rabies in humans. Only 20.4 % of the respondents knew how rabies is controlled in dogs and 71 % were not aware of dog vaccination campaigns. The average number of dogs kept per household was 4 ± 3.3; 70.0 % of the respondents had one to five dogs, 28.3 % had six to dog dogs, and 1.6 % had 16-20 dogs. The dogs were primarily used to guard livestock and property, and to hunt. About 59.7 % of the respondents indicated that rabies was a public health problem. Low vaccination coverage was observed in the study area, with previous mass vaccination campaigns covering only 24.4 % of the dog population. Dogs appeared to have limited value in the studied community. Furthermore, there were no proper waste disposal facilities and oftentimes wild canids and felids visited the villages to scavenge on kitchen leftovers. CONCLUSION Although communities in the Kilosa district had knowledge on rabies in dogs, they were not aware of the public health implication of the disease, which thus led a poor response during mass dog vaccination campaigns. Establishment of a well-coordinated rabies control program, strategic public health awareness campaigns, and active and passive surveillance systems for humans and domestic and wild animals should be considered as strategies to control and eradicate rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kipanyula
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3016, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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Torres-Rovira L, Succu S, Pasciu V, Manca ME, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Leoni GG, Pennino MG, Spezzigu A, Gallus M, Dattena M, Monniaux D, Naitana S, Berlinguer F. Postnatal pituitary and follicular activation: a revisited hypothesis in a sheep model. Reproduction 2015; 151:215-25. [PMID: 26621920 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The importance of postnatal pituitary activation as regards female reproductive development is not yet understood. By taking advantage of the experimental model developed in a previous study, i.e. ewe lambs expressing markedly different ovarian phenotypes at 50 days of age, we designed this study to determine whether differences found in ovarian status during the early prepubertal period are due to different patterns of postnatal pituitary activation, and to assess whether these differences have long lasting effects on subsequent reproductive performance. Results showed that ewe lambs with high antral follicle count (AFC) at 50 days of age had significantly lower plasma FSH concentrations and higher anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentrations during the first 9 weeks of age compared with low AFC ewe lambs (P<0.0001). With a longitudinal experiment we showed that a high AFC in the early prepubertal period is associated with consistently higher AMH concentrations and numbers of antral follicles up to the postpubertal period, and with higher pregnancy rates in the first breeding season. In addition, the effect of age in decreasing AMH concentrations was more marked in the low AFC group. Results of the present study demonstrate that ewe lambs undergo different patterns of postnatal pituitary activation. A high AFC at 50 days of age indicates an advanced phase of ovarian maturation, which was accompanied by constantly higher AMH concentrations up to the postpubertal period, a greater ovarian response to FSH stimulation and by higher pregnancy rates at first mating, as compared with the low AFC group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Antonio Spezzigu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marilia Gallus
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maria Dattena
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertility, Perfugas, Sassari, ItalyAGRIS SardegnaDepartment of Animal Production, Loc. Bonassai, 07100 Sassari, ItalyINRAUMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceCNRSUMR7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, FranceUniversité François Rabelais de ToursF-37041 Tours, FranceIFCEF-37380 Nouzilly, France Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Animal ReproductionINIA, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepto. de BotânicaEcologia e Zoologia - DBEZ, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Campus Universitário s/n, Lagoa Nova. Cx postal 1524. CEP 59.098-970 Natal (RN), BrazilEmbryo SardegnaTechnology, Reproduction, and Fertil
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Costa MC, Stämpfli HR, Arroyo LG, Allen-Vercoe E, Gomes RG, Weese JS. Changes in the equine fecal microbiota associated with the use of systemic antimicrobial drugs. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:19. [PMID: 25644524 PMCID: PMC4323147 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal tract is a rich and complex environment and its microbiota has been shown to have an important role in health and disease in the host. Several factors can cause disruption of the normal intestinal microbiota, including antimicrobial therapy, which is an important cause of diarrhea in horses. This study aimed to characterize changes in the fecal bacterial populations of healthy horses associated with the administration of frequently used antimicrobial drugs. RESULTS Twenty-four adult mares were assigned to receive procaine penicillin intramuscularly (IM), ceftiofur sodium IM, trimethoprim sulfadiazine (TMS) orally or to a control group. Treatment was given for 5 consecutive days and fecal samples were collected before drug administration (Day 1), at the end of treatment (Days 5), and on Days 14 and 30 of the trial. High throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using an Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Significant changes of population structure and community membership were observed after the use of all drugs. TMS caused the most marked changes on fecal microbiota even at higher taxonomic levels including a significant decrease of richness and diversity. Those changes were mainly due to a drastic decrease of Verrucomicrobia, specifically the "5 genus incertae sedis". Changes in structure and membership caused by antimicrobial administration were specific for each drug and may be predictable. Twenty-five days after the end of treatment, bacterial profiles were more similar to pre-treatment patterns indicating a recovery from changes caused by antimicrobial administration, but differences were still evident, especially regarding community membership. CONCLUSIONS The use of systemic antimicrobials leads to changes in the intestinal microbiota, with different and specific responses to different antimicrobials. All antimicrobials tested here had some impact on the microbiota, but TMS significantly reduced bacterial species richness and diversity and had the greatest apparent impact on population structure, specifically targeting members of the Verrucomicrobia phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio C Costa
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Henry R Stämpfli
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Luis G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | - Roberta G Gomes
- Department of Clinical Studies, "Universidade Estadual de Londrina", Londrina, Brazil.
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
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Ungerfeld R, Hötzel MJ, Quintans G. Changes in behaviour, milk production and bodyweight in beef cows subjected to two-step or abrupt weaning. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the behavioural and productive response of cows to either abrupt or two-step weaning with nose flaps. Calves were fitted with nose flaps during the 14 days before separation from their dams (NF group); were abruptly and permanently separated (AW group), or remained as non-weaned controls (NW group). The behaviour of the cows was recorded before and after nose-flap insertion and permanent separation. Milk yield and composition were determined. After permanent separation, milk yield of NW cows was greater than that of NF and AW cows. AW cows paced and vocalised more than NF and NW cows, and NF cows more times than NW cows. The two-step weaning method with nose flaps was positive for the wellbeing of cows, as it reduced the main behavioural changes that indicate distress and decreased the bodyweight loss. Weaning, either in one or two steps, decreased milk yield 1 week after permanent separation.
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Biomarker responses to weaning stress in beef calves. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:458-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Richeson JT, Pinedo PJ, Kegley EB, Powell JG, Gadberry MS, Beck PA, Falkenberg SM. Association of hematologic variables and castration status at the time of arrival at a research facility with the risk of bovine respiratory disease in beef calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1035-41. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.7.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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