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Misailovski M, Koller D, Blaschke S, Berens M, Köster A, Strobl R, Berner R, Boor P, Eisenmann M, von Stillfried S, Krefting D, Krone M, Liese J, Meybohm P, Ulrich- Merzenich G, Zenker S, Scheithauer S, Grill E. Refining the hospitalization rate: A mixed methods approach to differentiate primary COVID-19 from incidental cases. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100371. [PMID: 38855736 PMCID: PMC11153910 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Until now, the Hospitalization Rate (HR) served as an indicator (among others) for the COVID-19 associated healthcare burden. To ensure that the HR accomplishes its full potential, hospitalizations caused by COVID-19 (primary cases) and hospitalizations of patients with incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test results (incidental cases) must be differentiated. The aim of this study was to synthesize the existing evidence on differentiation criteria between hospitalizations of primary cases and incidental cases. Methods An online survey of the members of the German Network University Medicine (NUM) was conducted. Additionally, senior clinicians with expertise in COVID-19 care were invited for qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, a rapid literature review was undertaken on publications between 03/2020 and 12/2022. Results In the online survey (n=30, response rate 56%), pneumonia and acute upper respiratory tract infections were the most indicative diagnoses for a primary case. In contrast, malignant neoplasms and acute myocardial infarctions were most likely to be associated with incidental cases. According to the experts (n=6), the diagnosis, ward, and type of admission (emergency or elective), low oxygen saturation, need for supplemental oxygen, and initiation of COVID-19 therapy point to a primary case. The literature review found that respiratory syndromes and symptoms, oxygen support, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were associated with primary cases. Conclusion There are parameters for the differentiation of primary from incidental cases to improve the objective of the HR. Ultimately, an updated HR has the potential to serve as a more accurate indicator of the COVID-19 associated healthcare burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Misailovski
- Department of Infectious Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D. Koller
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Blaschke
- Emergency Department, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Berens
- Department of Infectious Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A.M. Köster
- Department of Infectious Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R. Strobl
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R. Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - P. Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Eisenmann
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - S. von Stillfried
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Krefting
- Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M. Krone
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J. Liese
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - P. Meybohm
- University Hospital Würzburg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Ulrich- Merzenich
- Synergy Research and Experimental Medicine Lab, Medical Clinic III, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Staff Unit for Scientific & Medical Technology Development & Coordination (MWTek), Commercial Directorate, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Zenker
- Staff Unit for Scientific & Medical Technology Development & Coordination (MWTek), Commercial Directorate, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Applied Medical Informatics (AMI) Lab, Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics & Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Applied Mathematical Physiology (AMP) Lab, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Scheithauer
- Department of Infectious Control and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Grill
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Landschaft A, Antweiler D, Mackay S, Kugler S, Rüping S, Wrobel S, Höres T, Allende-Cid H. Implementation and evaluation of an additional GPT-4-based reviewer in PRISMA-based medical systematic literature reviews. Int J Med Inform 2024; 189:105531. [PMID: 38943806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRISMA-based literature reviews require meticulous scrutiny of extensive textual data by multiple reviewers, which is associated with considerable human effort. OBJECTIVE To evaluate feasibility and reliability of using GPT-4 API as a complementary reviewer in systematic literature reviews based on the PRISMA framework. METHODOLOGY A systematic literature review on the role of natural language processing and Large Language Models (LLMs) in automatic patient-trial matching was conducted using human reviewers and an AI-based reviewer (GPT-4 API). A RAG methodology with LangChain integration was used to process full-text articles. Agreement levels between two human reviewers and GPT-4 API for abstract screening and between a single reviewer and GPT-4 API for full-text parameter extraction were evaluated. RESULTS An almost perfect GPT-human reviewer agreement in the abstract screening process (Cohen's kappa > 0.9) and a lower agreement in the full-text parameter extraction were observed. CONCLUSION As GPT-4 has performed on a par with human reviewers in abstract screening, we conclude that GPT-4 has an exciting potential of being used as a main screening tool for systematic literature reviews, replacing at least one of the human reviewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Landschaft
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany.
| | - Dario Antweiler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Sina Mackay
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kugler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Stefan Rüping
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Stefan Wrobel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Timm Höres
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Translationale Medizin und Pharmakologie (ITMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hector Allende-Cid
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Intelligente Analyse- und Informationssysteme (IAIS), Sankt Augustin, Germany
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Gustavson AM, Morrow CD, Brown RJ, Kaka AS, Sowerby C, Wilt TJ, Diem SJ. Reimagining How We Synthesize Information to Impact Clinical Care, Policy, and Research Priorities in Real Time: Examples and Lessons Learned from COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med 2024:10.1007/s11606-024-08855-y. [PMID: 38926318 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-024-08855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Real-time clinical care, policy, and research decisions need real-time evidence synthesis. However, as we found during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is challenging to rapidly address key clinical and policy questions through rigorous, relevant, and usable evidence. Our objective is to present three exemplar cases of rapid evidence synthesis products from the Veterans Healthcare Administration Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP) and, in the context of these examples, outline ESP products, challenges, and lessons learned. We faced challenges in (1) balancing scientific rigor with the speed in which evidence synthesis was needed, (2) sorting through rapidly evolving large bodies of evidence, and (3) assessing the impact of evidence synthesis products on clinical care, policy, and research. We found solutions in (1) engaging stakeholders early, (2) utilizing artificial intelligence capabilities, (3) building infrastructure to establish living reviews, and (4) planning for dissemination to maximize impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Gustavson
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | | | - Rebecca Jl Brown
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anjum S Kaka
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Catherine Sowerby
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Wilt
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Susan J Diem
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Tennant BL, Tesfaye CL, Chansky MC, Lappin B, Weinberg J, Ritchey ME, MacLennan L, Tarver ME. Communicating medical device recalls: A rapid review of the literature. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 123:108244. [PMID: 38484598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2024.108244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently regulates more than 190,000 different medical devices. Like all products, these devices may be subject to manufacturing problems, flawed designs, or new and unexpected risks, which in some cases require devices to be recalled. In 2021, the FDA's Patient Engagement Advisory Committee (PEAC) recommended that the FDA consider changes to the communication approach used for medical device recalls to make them more patient-focused, timely, and action-oriented. METHODS To support this recommendation, we conducted a rapid review of literature published from 2008-2022 to capture and examine information on risk communication approaches, methods, and best practices for recall-related communications about medical products. RESULTS We identified 23 articles to include in our review. CONCLUSION Our review found a lack of research-based studies as well as gaps in understanding about consumer perspectives, comprehension, and communication preferences related to recalls. Despite these limitations, we identified current communication approaches, numerous challenges, and recommendations for communicating medical products recall information to consumers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Further research is needed to assess consumer attitudes, understanding, and preferences and to reach consensus on best practices for effectively communicating recall information to consumers of medical products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian Lappin
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Weinberg
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mary E Ritchey
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lori MacLennan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle E Tarver
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Baird K, Buse CG, Hanna K, Krehbiel R, Ogen K. Insights from First Nations, Government and Industry Leaders on Criteria for Successful Impact Benefit Agreements. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 73:1106-1120. [PMID: 38691162 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, British Columbia, Canada's westernmost province, has begun developing liquified natural gas (LNG) mega projects that can transport Canadian resources to foreign markets across the Pacific region. These projects have gained significant profile due to high-level debates over their environmental, social and economic impacts. While LNG projects are required to undergo environmental impact assessment procedures, there is growing recognition of the need to ensure that positive social, economic and environmental impacts are fairly distributed to local communities. Similar to other extractive industries, many corporations leading the development of these projects engage in negotiations over so-called "impact benefit agreements (IBAs)"-legal agreements between a corporation, a government and/or a community that details how projects can benefit the local community and on what timeline so as to build social license to operate and investor confidence. This contribution details the findings of a qualitative study highlighting the perspectives of First Nations, provincial and federal government, and industry leaders to examine what makes an IBA successful and from whose perspective. The paper provides an introduction to IBA structures and processes, a brief review of the legal context, a qualitative methodology co-developed between academic researchers and Indigenous community leaders, and describes key criteria to inform future successful IBA agreements that create equitable multi-party benefits in an era of Indigenous reconciliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Baird
- Principal and Owner, Kim Baird Consulting; Chancellor, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chris G Buse
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Kevin Hanna
- Associate Professor, Centre for Environmental Assessment Research, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Richard Krehbiel
- Adjunct Professor, School of Planning and Sustainability, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Ogen
- Chief Executive Officer, First Nations Liquified National Gas Alliance, Wet'suwet'en First Nation, Burns Lake, BC, Canada
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Johansson T, Chambers RL, Curtis T, Pask S, Greenley S, Brittain M, Bone AE, Laidlaw L, Okamoto I, Barclay S, Higginson IJ, Murtagh FE, Sleeman KE. The effectiveness of out-of-hours palliative care telephone advice lines: A rapid systematic review. Palliat Med 2024; 38:625-643. [PMID: 38708864 PMCID: PMC11158006 DOI: 10.1177/02692163241248544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with palliative care needs and their carers often rely on out-of-hours services to remain at home. Policymakers have recommended implementing telephone advice lines to ensure 24/7 access to support. However, the impact of these services on patient and carer outcomes, as well as the health care system, remains poorly understood. AIM To evaluate the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of out-of-hours palliative care telephone advice lines, and to identify service characteristics associated with effectiveness. DESIGN Rapid systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023400370) with narrative synthesis. DATA SOURCES Three databases (Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL) were searched in February 2023 for studies of any design reporting on telephone advice lines with at least partial out-of-hours availability. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised narratively. RESULTS Twenty-one studies, published 2000-2022, were included. Most studies were observational, none were experimental. While some evidence suggested that telephone advice lines offer guidance and reassurance, supporting care at home and potentially reducing avoidable emergency care use in the last months of life, variability in reporting and poor methodological quality across studies limit our understanding of patient/carer and health care system outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite their increasing use, evidence for the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of palliative care telephone advice lines remains limited, primarily due to the lack of robust comparative studies. There is a need for more rigorous evaluations incorporating experimental or quasi-experimental methods and longer follow-up, and standardised reporting of telephone advice line models and outcomes, to guide policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Johansson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L. Chambers
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Curtis
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sophie Pask
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Sarah Greenley
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Molly Brittain
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna E. Bone
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Laidlaw
- Cicely Saunders Institute Patient & Public Involvement Group, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ikumi Okamoto
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Barclay
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene J. Higginson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fliss E.M. Murtagh
- Institute of Clinical and Applied Health Research, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Katherine E. Sleeman
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Guo Q, Jiang G, Zhao Q, Long Y, Feng K, Gu X, Xu Y, Li Z, Huang J, Du L. Rapid review: A review of methods and recommendations based on current evidence. J Evid Based Med 2024; 17:434-453. [PMID: 38512942 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Rapid review (RR) could accelerate the traditional systematic review (SR) process by simplifying or omitting steps using various shortcuts. With the increasing popularity of RR, numerous shortcuts had emerged, but there was no consensus on how to choose the most appropriate ones. This study conducted a literature search in PubMed from inception to December 21, 2023, using terms such as "rapid review" "rapid assessment" "rapid systematic review" and "rapid evaluation". We also scanned the reference lists and performed citation tracking of included impact studies to obtain more included studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis of all RR approaches, shortcuts and studies assessing their effectiveness at each stage of RRs. Based on the current evidence, we provided recommendations on utilizing certain shortcuts in RRs. Ultimately, we identified 185 studies focusing on summarizing RR approaches and shortcuts, or evaluating their impact. There was relatively sufficient evidence to support the use of the following shortcuts in RRs: limiting studies to those published in English-language; conducting abbreviated database searches (e.g., only searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL); omitting retrieval of grey literature; restricting the search timeframe to the recent 20 years for medical intervention and the recent 15 years for reviewing diagnostic test accuracy; conducting a single screening by an experienced screener. To some extent, the above shortcuts were also applicable to SRs. This study provided a reference for future RR researchers in selecting shortcuts, and it also presented a potential research topic for methodologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Guo
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Guiyu Jiang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Zhao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Long
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Kun Feng
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xianlin Gu
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Center for education of medical humanities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhengchi Li
- Center for education of medical humanities, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Du
- Innovation Institute for Integration of Medicine and Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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MacPherson M, Rourke S. The Power of Rapid Reviews for Bridging the Knowledge-to-Action Gap in Evidence-Based Virtual Health Care. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e54821. [PMID: 38776542 PMCID: PMC11153980 DOI: 10.2196/54821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the surge in popularity of virtual health care services as a means of delivering health care through technology, the integration of research evidence into practice remains a challenge. Rapid reviews, a type of time-efficient evidence synthesis, offer a potential solution to bridge the gap between knowledge and action. This paper aims to highlight the experiences of the Fraser Health Authority's Virtual Health team in conducting rapid reviews. This paper discusses the experiences of the Virtual Health team in conducting 15 rapid reviews over the course of 1.5 years and the benefit of involving diverse stakeholders including researchers, project and clinical leads, and students for the creation of user-friendly knowledge products to summarize results. The Virtual Health team found rapid reviews to be a valuable tool for evidence-informed decision-making in virtual health care. Involving stakeholders and focusing on implementation considerations are crucial for maximizing the impact of rapid reviews. Health care decision makers are encouraged to consider implementing rapid review processes to improve the translation of research evidence into practice, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and promoting a culture of evidence-informed care.
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9
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Samsudin N, Bailey RP, Ries F, Hashim SNAB, Fernandez JA. Assessing the impact of physical activity on reducing depressive symptoms: a rapid review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:107. [PMID: 38720395 PMCID: PMC11077707 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of depression among teenagers is a significant issue worldwide, which calls for a thorough investigation of non-drug treatments. This expedited evaluation examines 24 specifically chosen studies to clarify the correlation between physical activity depression symptoms in teenagers, undertaken following PRISMA principles. METHODS A wide range of research methods, including longitudinal studies, surveys, and cross-sectional analyses, were used in different nations to understand the intricate relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and depression symptoms. The data-gathering methods included standardised questionnaires, accelerometer measurements, and self-report instruments. FINDINGS The review highlights the crucial significance of engaging in physical activity to alleviate depression symptoms. Improved self-esteem consistently acts as a crucial intermediary between participation in physical activity and decreased rates of depression. Engaging in physical activity is a safeguard, particularly for individuals with restricted access to physical activity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle greatly increases the probability of developing moderate to severe symptoms of depression. Gender differences are apparent, with females being disproportionately impacted by depression. There are strong connections between engaging in physical activity and reducing symptoms of depression, which can be observed in various situations, such as participating in team sports or engaging in leisure activities. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the potential of physical activity as a non-pharmacological approach to address adolescent depression. This highlights the significant impact of physical activity, which has important implications for public health programs aimed at improving the mental well-being of adolescents by promoting physical activity. It is crucial to do additional research that considers gender-specific variations and various physical activity circumstances to enhance our comprehension of this important matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Samsudin
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Richard Peter Bailey
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Francis Ries
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Janet Ann Fernandez
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Fairman CM, Kava CM, Beima-Sofie K, Sakhuja M, Masud M, Dias E, Sheng J, Gorzelitz J, Morshed A, Green BB, Skiba MB, Madhivanan P, Parthasarathy N, Hirschey R, Vander Weg MW, Hebert J. Addressing differences in cancer: a framework for synergistic programming in cancer prevention and control. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4046415. [PMID: 38562683 PMCID: PMC10984020 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4046415/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to disproportionately impact certain populations. Several frameworks have been developed that illustrate the multiple determinants of cancer. Expanding upon the work of others, we present an applied framework for cancer prevention and control designed to help clinicians, as well as public health practitioners and researchers, better address differences in cancer outcomes. Methods The framework was developed by the Cancer Prevention and Control Research Network's Health Behaviors Workgroup. An initial framework draft was developed based on workgroup discussion, public health theory, and rapid literature review on the determinants of cancer. The framework was refined through interviews and focus groups with Federally Qualified Health Center providers (n=2) and cancer patients (n=2); participants were asked to provide feedback on the framework's causal pathways, completeness, and applicability to their work and personal life. Results The framework provides an overview of the relationships between sociodemographic inequalities, social and structural determinants, and key risk factors associated with cancer diagnosis, survivorship, and cancer morbidity and mortality across the lifespan. The framework emphasizes how health-risk behaviors like cigarette smoking interact with psychological, psychosocial, biological, and psychosocial risk factors, as well as healthcare-related behavior and other chronic diseases. Importantly, the framework emphasizes addressing social and structural determinants that influence health behaviors to reduce the burden of cancer and improve health equity. Aligned with previous theory, our framework underscores the importance of addressing co-occurring risk factors and disease states, understanding the complex relationships between factors that influence cancer, and assessing how multiple forms of inequality or disadvantage intersect to increase cancer risk across the lifespan. Conclusions This paper presents an applied framework for cancer prevention and control to address cancer differences. Because the framework highlights determinants and factors that influence cancer risk at multiple levels, it can be used to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of interventions to address cancer morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - E Dias
- UTHealth Houston School of Public Health
| | - J Sheng
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | | | - B B Green
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute
| | | | | | | | - R Hirschey
- University of North Carolina and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
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11
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Randell R, McVey L, Wright J, Zaman H, Cheong VL, Woodcock DM, Healey F, Dowding D, Gardner P, Hardiker NR, Lynch A, Todd C, Davey C, Alvarado N. Practices of falls risk assessment and prevention in acute hospital settings: a realist investigation. HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE DELIVERY RESEARCH 2024; 12:1-194. [PMID: 38511977 DOI: 10.3310/jwqc5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Falls are the most common safety incident reported by acute hospitals. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence recommends multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored interventions, but implementation is variable. Aim To determine how and in what contexts multifactorial falls risk assessment and tailored interventions are used in acute National Health Service hospitals in England. Design Realist review and multisite case study. (1) Systematic searches to identify stakeholders' theories, tested using empirical data from primary studies. Review of falls prevention policies of acute Trusts. (2) Theory testing and refinement through observation, staff interviews (n = 50), patient and carer interviews (n = 31) and record review (n = 60). Setting Three Trusts, one orthopaedic and one older person ward in each. Results Seventy-eight studies were used for theory construction and 50 for theory testing. Four theories were explored. (1) Leadership: wards had falls link practitioners but authority to allocate resources for falls prevention resided with senior nurses. (2) Shared responsibility: a key falls prevention strategy was patient supervision. This fell to nursing staff, constraining the extent to which responsibility for falls prevention could be shared. (3) Facilitation: assessments were consistently documented but workload pressures could reduce this to a tick-box exercise. Assessment items varied. While individual patient risk factors were identified, patients were categorised as high or low risk to determine who should receive supervision. (4) Patient participation: nursing staff lacked time to explain to patients their falls risks or how to prevent themselves from falling, although other staff could do so. Sensitive communication could prevent patients taking actions that increase their risk of falling. Limitations Within the realist review, we completed synthesis for only two theories. We could not access patient records before observations, preventing assessment of whether care plans were enacted. Conclusions (1) Leadership: There should be a clear distinction between senior nurses' roles and falls link practitioners in relation to falls prevention; (2) shared responsibility: Trusts should consider how processes and systems, including the electronic health record, can be revised to better support a multidisciplinary approach, and alternatives to patient supervision should be considered; (3) facilitation: Trusts should consider how to reduce documentation burden and avoid tick-box responses, and ensure items included in the falls risk assessment tools align with guidance. Falls risk assessment tools and falls care plans should be presented as tools to support practice, rather than something to be audited; (4) patient participation: Trusts should consider how they can ensure patients receive individualised information about risks and preventing falls and provide staff with guidance on brief but sensitive ways to talk with patients to reduce the likelihood of actions that increase their risk of falling. Future work (1) Development and evaluation of interventions to support multidisciplinary teams to undertake, and involve patients in, multifactorial falls risk assessment and selection and delivery of tailored interventions; (2) mixed method and economic evaluations of patient supervision; (3) evaluation of engagement support workers, volunteers and/or carers to support falls prevention. Research should include those with cognitive impairment and patients who do not speak English. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020184458. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health and Social Care Delivery Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR129488) and is published in full in Health and Social Care Delivery Research; Vol. 12, No. 5. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Randell
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Lynn McVey
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
| | - Judy Wright
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hadar Zaman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dawn Dowding
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Nicholas R Hardiker
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Alison Lynch
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Natasha Alvarado
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Applied Health Research, Bradford, UK
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12
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Shen BH, Law AC, Wilson KC. Evidence Synthesis of Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Life-Threatening Asthma Exacerbations. CHEST CRITICAL CARE 2024; 2:100044. [PMID: 38605855 PMCID: PMC11008557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chstcc.2023.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Burton H Shen
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine., Boston MA
| | - Anica C Law
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine., Boston MA
| | - Kevin C Wilson
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine., Boston MA
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13
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Parry M, Owadally T, O’Hara A, Nickerson N, Hart D. Community- and Patient-Partner Engagement in Women's Cardiovascular Disease Research: A Rapid Review of the Evidence. CJC Open 2024; 6:485-502. [PMID: 38487065 PMCID: PMC10935688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this rapid review is to describe community-partner and patient-partner engagement in women's cardiovascular disease (CVD) research. Secondary objectives are to: (i) describe the phase of the research in which community and patient partners were engaged; (ii) define the level of engagement at each research phase; and (iii) make recommendations for future engagement of community and/or patient partners in women's CVD research. Rapid review guidelines recommended by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group and Tricco et al. were used to search 5 databases using medical subject headings (MeSH) and/or keywords. Participants included women (cis and trans) aged > 18 years who had ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or stroke. A risk of bias assessment was not undertaken. Findings are summarized and/or clustered as community-based participatory research, or patient-oriented and/or patient-partner research. Our search yielded 39,998 titles and abstracts. Of these, 35 were included in a final narrative synthesis, comprising data from 474 community and/or patient partners, including 417 (88%) women. Over 85% of community partners collaborated in the design and/or planning and implementation of women's CVD research; most originated in the US; only one originated in Canada. Most patient-oriented and patient-partner research originated in Canada. However, less than 50% of patient partners collaborated in any phase of research. Sex, gender, race, and ethnicity were rarely reported. Results suggest negligible community and inadequate patient-oriented and/or patient-partner engagement in women's CVD research in Canada. Improved CVD outcomes for women may be achieved with better community- and patient-partner collaboration across all phases of research, genders, race, and ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Parry
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tasneem Owadally
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arland O’Hara
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Donna Hart
- Patient Partner, Milton, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Prasad K, Borre ED, Dillard LK, Ayer A, Der C, Bainbridge KE, McMahon CM, Tucci DL, Wilson BS, Schmidler GDS, Saunders J. Priorities for hearing loss prevention and estimates of global cause-specific burdens of hearing loss: a systematic rapid review. Lancet Glob Health 2024; 12:e217-e225. [PMID: 38245112 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing loss affects approximately 1·6 billion individuals worldwide. Many cases are preventable. We aimed to estimate the annual number of new hearing loss cases that could be attributed to meningitis, otitis media, congenital rubella syndrome, cytomegalovirus, and ototoxic medications, specifically aminoglycosides, platinum-based chemotherapeutics, and antimalarials. METHODS We used a targeted and a rapid systematic literature review to calculate yearly global incidences of each cause of hearing loss. We estimated the prevalence of hearing loss for each presumed cause. For each cause, we calculated the global number of yearly hearing loss cases associated with the exposure by multiplying the estimated exposed population by the prevalence of hearing loss associated with the exposure, accounting for mortality when warranted. FINDINGS An estimated 257·3 million people per year are exposed to these preventable causes of hearing loss, leading to an estimated 33·8 million new cases of hearing loss worldwide per year. Most hearing loss cases were among those with exposure to ototoxic medications (19·6 million [range 12·6 million-27·9 million] from short-course aminoglycoside therapy and 12·3 million from antimalarials). We estimated that 818 000 cases of hearing loss were caused by otitis media, 346 000 by meningitis, 114 000 by cytomegalovirus, and 59 000 by congenital rubella syndrome. INTERPRETATION The global burden of preventable hearing loss is large. Hearing loss that is attributable to disease sequelae or ototoxic medications contributes substantially to the global burden of hearing loss. Prevention of these conditions should be a global health priority. FUNDING The US National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and the US National Institute on Aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Prasad
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ethan D Borre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren K Dillard
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Austin Ayer
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Der
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kathleen E Bainbridge
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Debara L Tucci
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake S Wilson
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth University, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Gillian D Sanders Schmidler
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James Saunders
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Durham, NC, USA.
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15
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Adamu AA, Jalo RI, Ndwandwe D, Wiysonge CS. Assessing the Implementation Determinants of Pilot Malaria Vaccination Programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi through a Complexity Lens: A Rapid Review Using a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:111. [PMID: 38400095 PMCID: PMC10892876 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, national immunization programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi commenced the implementation of RTS,S/AS01 vaccination in large-scale pilot schemes. Understanding the implementation context of this malaria vaccination in the pilot countries can provide useful insights for enhancing implementation outcomes in new countries. There has not yet been a proper synthesis of the implementation determinants of malaria vaccination programs. A rapid review was conducted to identify the implementation determinants of the pilot malaria vaccination programs in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, and describe the mechanism by which these determinants interact with each other. A literature search was conducted in November 2023 in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify those studies that described the factors affecting malaria vaccine implementation in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. Thirteen studies conducted between 2021 and 2023 were included. A total of 62 implementation determinants of malaria vaccination across all five domains of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) were identified. A causal loop diagram showed that these factors are interconnected and interrelated, identifying nine reinforcing loops and two balancing loops. As additional countries in Africa prepare for a malaria vaccine roll-out, it is pertinent to ensure that they have access to adequate information about the implementation context of countries that are already implementing malaria vaccination programs so that they understand the potential barriers and facilitators. This information can be used to inform context-specific systems enhancement to maximize implementation success. Going forward, primary implementation studies that incorporate the causal loop diagram should be integrated into the malaria vaccine implementation program to enable immunization program managers and other key stakeholders to identify and respond to emerging implementation barriers in a timely and systematic manner, to improve overall implementation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu A. Adamu
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parrow Valley, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (D.N.); (C.S.W.)
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Rabiu I. Jalo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, inside Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, along Zaria Road, Kano 700233, Nigeria;
| | - Duduzile Ndwandwe
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parrow Valley, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (D.N.); (C.S.W.)
| | - Charles S. Wiysonge
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Parrow Valley, Cape Town 7500, South Africa; (D.N.); (C.S.W.)
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases Cluster, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Djoue, Brazzaville BP 06, Congo
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16
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Veldhuis CB, Kreski NT, Usseglio J, Keyes KM. Are Cisgender Women and Transgender and Nonbinary People Drinking More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? It Depends. Alcohol Res 2023; 43:05. [PMID: 38170029 PMCID: PMC10760999 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v43.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This narrative review of research conducted during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic examines whether alcohol use among cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people increased during the pandemic. The overarching goal of the review is to inform intervention and prevention efforts to halt the narrowing of gender-related differences in alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS Eight databases (PubMed, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Gender Studies Database, GenderWatch, and Web of Science) were searched for peer-reviewed literature, published between March 2020 and July 2022, that reported gender differences or findings specific to women, transgender or nonbinary people, and alcohol use during the pandemic. The search focused on studies conducted in the United States and excluded qualitative research. SEARCH RESULTS A total 4,132 records were identified, including 400 duplicates. Of the remaining 3,732 unique records for consideration in the review, 51 were ultimately included. Overall, most studies found increases in alcohol use as well as gender differences in alcohol use, with cisgender women experiencing the most serious consequences. The findings for transgender and nonbinary people were equivocal due to the dearth of research and because many studies aggregated across gender. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use by cisgender women seems to have increased during the pandemic; however, sizable limitations need to be considered, particularly the low number of studies on alcohol use during the pandemic that analyzed gender differences. This is of concern as gender differences in alcohol use had been narrowing before the pandemic; and this review suggests the gap has narrowed even further. Cisgender women and transgender and nonbinary people have experienced sizable stressors during the pandemic; thus, understanding the health and health behavior impacts of these stressors is critical to preventing the worsening of problematic alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B Veldhuis
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Noah T Kreski
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - John Usseglio
- Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library, Columbia Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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17
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Torres O. A new dawn for evidence synthesis: Embracing machine learning technology to generate living evidence maps. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2023; 6:100434. [PMID: 38045805 PMCID: PMC10690624 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia Torres
- Wolfson Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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18
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Schutz CA, Herbert J. Review of the Evidence for Neurofeedback Training for Children and Adolescents Who Have Experienced Traumatic Events. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3564-3578. [PMID: 36416067 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurofeedback training is an established treatment for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder and is an increasingly accepted modality of treatment in the context of child trauma. This treatment is typically delivered as a complement to more traditional talk therapy such as trauma-focused-cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT). This review examined the evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention for children with trauma through a systematic search of the literature. A targeted search across databases identified 10 eligible studies that focused on children/young people who had experienced traumatic events and/or demonstrated symptoms of trauma, and which conducted a repeated measures study at a minimum. While the included studies suggest some benefits from neurofeedback training, the available studies, including randomized trials, have to date been relatively small, involve dramatically different treatment length and intensity, and show inconsistent benefits relative to usual treatment conditions. To advance knowledge of this intervention further research is needed with a clear best practice protocol and with a clearer target group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Alysse Schutz
- Australian Centre for Child Protection, Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Herbert
- Australian Centre for Child Protection, Justice & Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Martinez RG, Weiner BJ, Meza RD, Dorsey S, Palazzo LG, Matson A, Bain C, Mettert KD, Pullmann MD, Lewis CC. Study protocol: Novel Methods for Implementing Measurement-Based Care with youth in Low-Resource Environments (NIMBLE). Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:152. [PMID: 38017522 PMCID: PMC10683142 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For youth receiving care in community mental health centers, comorbidities are the rule rather than the exception. Using measurement-based care (MBC), or the routine evaluation of symptoms to inform care decisions, as the foundation of treatment for youth with comorbid problems significantly improves the impact of psychotherapy by focusing care and building engagement and alliance. MBC increases the rate of symptom improvement, detects clients who would otherwise deteriorate, and alerts clinicians to non-responders. Despite its demonstrated utility, MBC is rarely implemented with fidelity; less than 15% of providers report using MBC per recommendations. Previous efforts to support MBC implementation have yielded suboptimal outcomes, in part, due to organizations' challenges with identifying and prioritizing barriers and selecting and developing strategies to overcome them. New methods are needed for identifying and prioritizing barriers, and matching strategies to barriers to optimize MBC implementation and treatment quality to improve youth mental health outcomes in community settings. METHODS Pragmatic implementation methods will be piloted in four diverse community mental health centers. Methods include (a) rapid evidence synthesis; (b) rapid ethnography; (c) design kits (e.g., kits with disposable cameras, journals, maps); (d) barrier prioritization, and (e) causal pathway diagramming. These activities will generate actionable barriers; subsequently, we will use facilitated group processes to prioritize barriers and develop causal pathway diagrams to match strategies to barriers to create implementation plans that optimize MBC fidelity (Aim 1). We will track strategy deployment for 6 months, then compare MBC fidelity for another 6 months post-implementation with data from 2 years of historical controls (Aim 2). Finally, we will co-design a toolkit for design kit methods with youth and the practice and scientific communities (Aim 3). DISCUSSION Optimizing MBC implementation in community mental health centers could transform youth mental health care by ensuring the most pressing symptoms are targeted early in treatment. The discussion section highlights expected challenges and limits to using the five methods, including recruitment and engagement given the high pressure on community mental health settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov. NCT05644756 . Registered on 18 November 2022. This trial was retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G Martinez
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Bryan J Weiner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rosemary D Meza
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shannon Dorsey
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lorella G Palazzo
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abigail Matson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carolyn Bain
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kayne D Mettert
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael D Pullmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cara C Lewis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Begley SL, Pelcher I, Schulder M. Topic Reviews in Neurosurgical Journals: An Analysis of Publication Trends. World Neurosurg 2023; 179:171-176. [PMID: 37648204 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topic review articles have become increasingly popular, even as the neurosurgical community looks to peer-reviewed journals as a source of discovery in basic and clinical science. In this study we quantify the prevalence of topic review articles in top neurosurgery journals. METHODS The top 20 neurosurgery journals were defined by Google Scholar metrics. The PubMed database quantified the number of topic reviews compared with the total number of articles published; data were analyzed for trends between 1945 and 2022. RESULTS All 20 journals have published topic reviews since the start of records on PubMed. Total publications have increased from <500 before 1980 to >8000 in 2022. Topic reviews have increased from <1% before 1980, to 2% by 2000, and to 3%-4% since 2010. The linear trend line equation for the total percentage of reviews in all journals shows a small increase in topic reviews per year. Three journals decreased review publication whereas 4 have reached prevalence >10%. The prevalence of topic reviews increased significantly from the first (2.13) to the last (4.76) year of publication (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The increasing prevalence of topic reviews is seen in most neurosurgery journals, reflecting supply and demand. Although there are benefits to these articles, they do not contribute novel data. Actions such as defining and labeling this publication type in journals and databases will improve the transparency of research methods. Academic neurosurgeons should further expand their knowledge and not become focused only on introspection into and review of neurosurgical understanding and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Begley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA.
| | - Isabelle Pelcher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schulder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
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21
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Ozawa S, Schuh HB, Nakamura T, Yemeke TT, Lee YFA, MacDonald NE. How to increase and maintain high immunization coverage: Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework. Vaccine 2023; 41:6710-6718. [PMID: 37798209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience in vaccination demand is ever more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our understanding of the importance of vaccines on health and well-being. Yet timid demand for COVID-19 vaccines where available and reduced uptake of routine immunizations globally further raise the urgent need to build vaccination resilience. We demonstrate the complexity of vaccination demand and resilience in a framework where relevant dimensions are intertwined, fluid, and contextual. METHODS We developed the Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework based on a literature review on vaccination demand and expert consultation. The matrix framework builds on three main axes: 1) vaccination attitudes and beliefs; 2) vaccination seeking behavior; and 3) vaccination status. The matrix generated eight quadrants, which can help explain people's levels of vaccination demand and resilience. We selected four scenarios as examples to demonstrate different interventions that could move people across quadrants and build vaccination resilience. RESULTS Incongruence between individuals' attitudes and beliefs, vaccination behavior, and vaccination status can arise. For example, an individual can be vaccinated due to mandates but reject vaccination benefits and otherwise avoid seeking vaccination. Such incongruence could be altered by interventions to build resilience in vaccination demand. These interventions include information, education and communication to change individuals' vaccination attitudes and beliefs, incentive programs and reminder-recalls to facilitate vaccination seeking, or by strengthening healthcare provider communications to reduce missed opportunities. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination decision-making is complex. Individuals can be vaccinated without necessarily accepting the benefits of vaccination or seeking vaccination, threatening resilience in vaccination demand. The VDR framework can provide a useful lens for program managers and policy makers considering interventions and policies to improve vaccination resilience. This would help build and sustain confidence and demand for vaccinations, and help to continue to prevent disease, disability, and death from vaccine-preventable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Ozawa
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Maternal Child Health, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Holly B Schuh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tomoka Nakamura
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Nagasaki University, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatenda T Yemeke
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Fang Ashley Lee
- Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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22
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Moser A, Korstjens I. Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 7: Qualitative evidence synthesis for emerging themes in primary care research: Scoping review, meta-ethnography and rapid realist review. Eur J Gen Pract 2023; 29:2274467. [PMID: 37902265 PMCID: PMC10990260 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2023.2274467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article, the seventh in a series aiming to provide practical guidance for qualitative research in primary care, introduces qualitative synthesis research for addressing health themes in primary care research. Qualitative synthesis combines rigorous processes and authorial judgement to present the collective meaning of research outputs; the findings of qualitative studies - and sometimes mixed-methods and quantitative research - are pooled. We describe three exemplary designs: the scoping review, the meta-ethnography and the rapid realist review. Scoping reviews aim to provide an overview of the evidence/knowledge or to answer questions regarding the nature and diversity of the evidence/knowledge available. Meta-ethnographies intend to systematically compare data from primary qualitative studies to identify and develop new overarching concepts, theories, and models. Rapid realist reviews aim to provide a knowledge synthesis by looking at complex questions while responding to time-sensitive and emerging issues. It addresses the question, 'what works, for whom, in what circumstances, and how?'We discuss these three designs' context, what, why, when and how. We provide examples of published studies and sources for further reading, including manuals and guidelines for conducting and reporting these studies. Finally, we discuss attention points for the research team concerning the involvement of necessary experts and stakeholders and choices to be made during the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albine Moser
- Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre Autonomy and Participation of Chronically Ill People, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Family Medicine and Department of Health Service Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Korstjens
- Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre for Midwifery Science, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Berger M, Easterbrook A, Holloway K, Devine D, Bansback N. What influences decisions to donate plasma? A rapid review of the literature. Vox Sang 2023; 118:817-824. [PMID: 37470275 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Plasma has become an essential ingredient for various medical treatments. Many blood collection agencies rely on voluntary non-remunerated donation when collecting plasma, but at present many do not collect sufficient plasma to meet domestic demands. This rapid review sought to explore the factors that have been found to influence people's decisions to donate plasma to inform future research. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index and CINAHL for peer-reviewed journal articles that discussed plasma donation and the factors associated with donor behaviour. Pertinent information from included articles was extracted and arranged in themes. RESULTS In total, 33 articles were included in this review. Three main themes were identified by the authors. The first focused on site-level factors related to blood collection agencies' engagement with plasma donors and their influence on plasma donation experiences. The second theme considered how individual characteristics and experiences influence willingness to donate plasma. The third theme examined social and cultural-level factors, such as how social networks and community shape perceptions and experiences with donation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the current understanding of plasma donation is focused mainly on converting whole blood donors and also centres on individual-level factors to donation. Further research must examine what factors attract non-whole blood donors to become plasma donors, focusing on broader social-level influences. This review will inform policies and interventions for blood collection agencies to increase plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Berger
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Easterbrook
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Devine
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Bansback
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hatzikiriakidis K, Ayton D, Skouteris H, Patitsas L, Smith K, Dhulia A, Poon P. A rapid umbrella review of the literature surrounding the provision of patient-centred end-of-life care. Palliat Med 2023; 37:1079-1099. [PMID: 37448148 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231183007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients have reported a broad range of unmet needs in their receipt of clinical care at the end of life. Therefore, enhancing the quality of end-of-life care through patient-centred healthcare interactions is warranted. AIM The aim of this rapid umbrella review was to synthesise previous literature reviews that have examined: (1) patient preferences for patient-centred end-of-life care; (2) barriers and enablers to patient-centred end-of-life care; (3) interventions designed to enhance patient-centred end-of-life care; and (4) patient-centred models of end-of-life care. DESIGN A rapid umbrella review was conducted and informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological guidance for conducting umbrella reviews. DATA SOURCES Three academic databases were searched for relevant literature in May 2022: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus. Inclusion criteria encompassed literature reviews that examined the topic of patient-centred care for any adult patients in end-of-life care. RESULTS A total of 92 literature reviews were identified. Findings suggest that there is often a discrepancy between patient preferences and the provision of care. These discrepancies have been associated with a range of barriers at the patient, staff and system levels. Common interventions included education and training for staff which were often met with improved patient outcomes. Patient-centred models of care were underrepresented across the literature. CONCLUSIONS This review highlighted a need for healthcare systems to support staff in providing a patient-centred end of life experience through the development of a co-designed patient-centred model of care, supplemented by professional development and a systematic approach to identifying and documenting patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Hatzikiriakidis
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Darshini Ayton
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
- Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Patitsas
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Poon
- Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Vasiliu O. At the Crossroads between Eating Disorders and Body Dysmorphic Disorders-The Case of Bigorexia Nervosa. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1234. [PMID: 37759835 PMCID: PMC10526212 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bigorexia nervosa (BN) is a controversial nosological entity, considered either a feeding/eating disorder (FED) or a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). This rapid review aims to explore the characteristic features of BN and identify evidence-based therapeutic interventions for this condition. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant information about BN, and 26 reports were reviewed in detail. The results showed that bodybuilders, weightlifters, and other populations involved in athletic activities are the most vulnerable to the onset of this disorder. Patients with BN should also be screened for physical and psychiatric comorbidities and complications, such as anabolic steroid use disorder, physical exercise addiction, and depressive or anxiety disorders. The main differential diagnoses for BN are schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bodily distress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Using validated screening instruments is considered very important from a clinical perspective, with the aim of providing early identification of this disorder. Therapeutic interventions for patients with BN are still in the early phases of development, and no specific pharmacological treatment has yet been identified. Since it is similar to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, cognitive behavioral therapy has been suggested as a useful intervention; however, it has not yet been validated in large-scale clinical trials. In conclusion, based on the reviewed data, clarifying the concept of BN is of practical importance for constructing adequate prevention strategies and validating proper therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian Vasiliu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, 010816 Bucharest, Romania
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Edmunds CER, Gold N, Burton R, Smolar M, Walmsley M, Henn C, Egan M, Tran A, Harper H, Dale MK, Brown H, Londakova K, Sheron N, Greaves F. The effectiveness of alcohol label information for increasing knowledge and awareness: a rapid evidence review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1458. [PMID: 37525214 PMCID: PMC10388453 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumers have difficulty understanding alcoholic units and low risk drinking guidelines (LRDG). Labelling may improve comprehension. The aims of this rapid evidence review were to establish the effectiveness of on-bottle labelling for (i) improving comprehension of health risks; (ii) improving comprehension of unit and/or standard drink information and/or LRDG, and (iii) reducing self-reported intentions to drink/actual drinking. METHODS Electronic database searches were carried out (January 2008-November 2018 inclusive). Papers were included if they were: published in English; from an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country; an experimental/quasi-experimental design. Papers were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Ten papers were included. Most studies were moderate quality (n = 7). RESULTS Five themes emerged: comprehension of health risks; self-reported drinking intentions; comprehension of unit/standard drink information and/or LRDG; outcome expectancies; and label attention. Labelling can improve awareness, particularly of health harms, but is unlikely to change behaviour. Improved comprehension was greatest for labels with unit information and LRDG. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol labelling can be effective in improving people's comprehension of the health risks involved in drinking alcohol enabling them to make informed consumption decisions, and perhaps thereby provide a route to changing behaviour. Thus, effective alcohol labelling is an intervention that can be added to the broader suite of policy options. That being said, the literature reviewed here suggests that the specific format of the label matters, so careful consideration must be given to the design and placement of labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E R Edmunds
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK.
- School of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, BA2 9BN, UK.
| | - Natalie Gold
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
- Behavioural Practice, Kantar Public, 4 Millbank, Westminster, London, SW1P 3JA, UK
| | - Robyn Burton
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Maria Smolar
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Matthew Walmsley
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Clive Henn
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Mark Egan
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Anh Tran
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
| | - Hugo Harper
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Max Kroner Dale
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Helen Brown
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Kristina Londakova
- Behavioural Insights Team, 4 Matthew Parker St, Westminster, London, SW1H 9NP, UK
| | - Nick Sheron
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Felix Greaves
- Health Improvement, Public Health England, Wellington House, 133-155 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8UG, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Badanta B, González-Cano-Caballero M, Fernández-García E, Lucchetti G, de Diego-Cordero R. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the refugee population: a rapid review. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:225-241. [PMID: 35642590 DOI: 10.1177/17579139221093159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This is a rapid review examining the available evidence about the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the refugee population. METHODS A search in the databases such as PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science was conducted and all relevant original articles, letters, and editorial and policy papers were included. RESULTS From 208 publications matching the search criteria, 36 were included. These publications were categorized into three distinct domains: Public Health, Policies and Financing, and Technology. Our findings revealed that the situation of the refugee population has worsened during the pandemic. Difficulty accessing healthcare, violation of human rights, lack of access to technology devices, unfavorable government policies, and economic crisis were the most important aspects impacted by COVID-19. CONCLUSION Governments, health managers, health professionals, and policy makers should be aware of refugees' problems during the pandemic to provide immediate solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Badanta
- Research Group PAIDI-CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronicity and Health Outcomes, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - M González-Cano-Caballero
- Research Group CTS 969 Innovation in HealthCare and Social Determinants of Health, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - E Fernández-García
- Research Group PAIDI-CTS 1050 Complex Care, Chronicity and Health Outcomes, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Street Avenzoar 9, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - G Lucchetti
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - R de Diego-Cordero
- Research Group CTS 969 Innovation in HealthCare and Social Determinants of Health, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Frankeberger J, Jarlenski M, Krans EE, Coulter RWS, Mair C. Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose in the First Year Postpartum: A Rapid Scoping Review and Implications for Future Research. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1140-1155. [PMID: 36840785 PMCID: PMC10365595 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opioid overdose is a leading cause of maternal mortality, yet limited attention has been given to the consequences of opioid use disorder (OUD) in the year following delivery when most drug-related deaths occur. This article provides an overview of the literature on OUD and overdose in the first year postpartum and provides recommendations to advance maternal opioid research. APPROACH A rapid scoping review of peer-reviewed research (2010-2021) on OUD and overdose in the year following delivery was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. This article discusses existing research, remaining knowledge gaps, and methodological considerations needed. RESULTS Seven studies were included. Medication for OUD (MOUD) was the only identified factor associated with a reduction in overdose rates. Key literature gaps include the role of mental health disorders and co-occurring substance use, as well as interpersonal, social, and environmental contexts that may contribute to postpartum opioid problems and overdose. CONCLUSION There remains a limited understanding of why women in the first year postpartum are particularly vulnerable to opioid overdose. Recommendations include: (1) identifying subgroups of women with OUD at highest risk for postpartum overdose, (2) assessing opioid use, overdose, and risks throughout the first year postpartum, (3) evaluating the effect of co-occurring physical and mental health conditions and substance use disorders, (4) investigating the social and contextual determinants of opioid use and overdose after delivery, (5) increasing MOUD retention and treatment engagement postpartum, and (6) utilizing rigorous and multidisciplinary research methods to understand and prevent postpartum overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frankeberger
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Marian Jarlenski
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Krans
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Perinatal Addiction Research, Education and Evidence-based Solutions (Magee CARES), Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Quang Vo LN, Forse RJ, Tran J, Dam T, Driscoll J, Codlin AJ, Creswell J, Sidney-Annerstedt K, Van Truong V, Thi Minh HD, Huu LN, Nguyen HB, Nguyen NV. Economic evaluation of a community health worker model for tuberculosis care in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a mixed-methods Social Return on Investment Analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:945. [PMID: 37231468 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is extensive evidence for the cost-effectiveness of programmatic and additional tuberculosis (TB) interventions, but no studies have employed the social return on investment (SROI) methodology. We conducted a SROI analysis to measure the benefits of a community health worker (CHW) model for active TB case finding and patient-centered care. METHODS This mixed-method study took place alongside a TB intervention implemented in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, between October-2017 - September-2019. The valuation encompassed beneficiary, health system and societal perspectives over a 5-year time-horizon. We conducted a rapid literature review, two focus group discussions and 14 in-depth interviews to identify and validate pertinent stakeholders and material value drivers. We compiled quantitative data from the TB program's and the intervention's surveillance systems, ecological databases, scientific publications, project accounts and 11 beneficiary surveys. We mapped, quantified and monetized value drivers to derive a crude financial benefit, which was adjusted for four counterfactuals. We calculated a SROI based on the net present value (NPV) of benefits and investments using a discounted cash flow model with a discount rate of 3.5%. A scenario analysis assessed SROI at varying discount rates of 0-10%. RESULTS The mathematical model yielded NPVs of US$235,511 in investments and US$8,497,183 in benefits. This suggested a return of US$36.08 for each dollar invested, ranging from US$31.66-US39.00 for varying discount rate scenarios. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated CHW-based TB intervention generated substantial individual and societal benefits. The SROI methodology may be an alternative for the economic evaluation of healthcare interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen Quang Vo
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
| | - Rachel Jeanette Forse
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Jacqueline Tran
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Dam
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Jenny Driscoll
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew James Codlin
- Friends for International TB Relief, 6th Floor, 1/21 Le Van Luong St., Nhan Chinh Ward, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Kristi Sidney-Annerstedt
- Department of Global Public Health, WHO Collaboration Centre on Tuberculosis and Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Amer M, Alshahrani MS, Arabi YM, Al-Jedai A, Alshaqaq HM, Al-Sharydah A, Al-Suwaidan FA, Aljehani H, Nouh T, Mashbari H, Tarazan N, Alqahtani S, Tashkandi W, Maghrabi K, Albugami M, Hashim S, Alsubaie NM, Alsenani M, Algethamy H, Alshammari TM, Alaklabi A, Ismail N, Altawil ES, Elhazmi A, Nahhas A, Aljuaid M, Alsadoon N, Binbraik Y, Yuan Y, Alhazzani W. Saudi Critical Care Society clinical practice guidelines on the prevention of venous thromboembolism in adults with trauma: reviewed for evidence-based integrity and endorsed by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Ann Intensive Care 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 37165105 PMCID: PMC10172441 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-023-01135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in adults with trauma in inpatient settings. METHODS The Saudi Critical Care Society (SCCS) sponsored guidelines development and included 22 multidisciplinary panel members who completed conflict-of-interest forms. The panel developed and answered structured guidelines questions. For each question, the literature was searched for relevant studies. To summarize treatment effects, meta-analyses were conducted or updated. Quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, then the evidence-to-decision (EtD) framework was used to generate recommendations. Recommendations covered the following prioritized domains: timing of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis initiation in non-operative blunt solid organ injuries; isolated blunt traumatic brain injury (TBI); isolated blunt spine trauma or fracture and/or spinal cord injury (SCI); type and dose of pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis; mechanical VTE prophylaxis; routine duplex ultrasonography (US) surveillance; and inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs). RESULTS The panel issued 12 clinical practice recommendations-one, a strong recommendation, 10 weak, and one with no recommendation due to insufficient evidence. The panel suggests starting early pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis for non-operative blunt solid organ injuries, isolated blunt TBIs, and SCIs. The panel suggests using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over unfractionated heparin (UFH) and suggests either intermediate-high dose LMWH or conventional dosing LMWH. For adults with trauma who are not pharmacologic candidates, the panel strongly recommends using mechanical VTE prophylaxis with intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC). The panel suggests using either combined VTE prophylaxis with mechanical and pharmacologic methods or pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis alone. Additionally, the panel suggests routine bilateral lower extremity US in adults with trauma with elevated risk of VTE who are ineligible for pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis and suggests against the routine placement of prophylactic IVCFs. Because of insufficient evidence, the panel did not issue any recommendation on the use of early pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis in adults with isolated blunt TBI requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSION The SCCS guidelines for VTE prevention in adults with trauma were based on the best available evidence and identified areas for further research. The framework may facilitate adaptation of recommendations by national/international guideline policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Amer
- Medical/Critical Pharmacy Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Al Mathar Ash Shamali, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed S Alshahrani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan M Alshaqaq
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Sharydah
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Al-Suwaidan
- Clinical Excellence Administration and King Fahad Medical City, Second Health Cluster in Riyadh, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Aljehani
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Neurosurgery, Neurocritical Care, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Nouh
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mashbari
- Department of Surgery, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Tarazan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Saad Alqahtani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Tashkandi
- Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Critical Care, Fakeeh Care Group, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Maghrabi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneerah Albugami
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaher Hashim
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, International Medical Center/First Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M Alsubaie
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Haifa Algethamy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaklabi
- Department of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa S Altawil
- Pharmacy Department, Clinical Pharmacy Services, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alyaa Elhazmi
- Dr Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Critical Care Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nahhas
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljuaid
- Clinical Nursing Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alsadoon
- Alshaya International Trading Company, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Binbraik
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuhong Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Waleed Alhazzani
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Scientific Research Center, Directorate General of Armed Forces Medical Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Chiavaroli N, Prescott-Clements L, Nicholls J, Mitchell P, Reid K. Accreditation Approaches for Professional Education Programs: Towards Best Practice. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023:e20220110. [PMID: 37083705 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2022-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accreditation has a central role in the quality assurance of professional education programs, but research on the effectiveness of different models of accreditation is limited. The purpose of this study was to rapidly appraise the evidence for the effectiveness, impact, and feasibility of different accreditation approaches, in order to inform best practices for the accreditation of professional education programs. The study focused on accreditation for programs which produce practice-ready graduates, including for veterinary programs. The authors searched several databases for articles published from 2000 to 2020, using search terms identified during a scoping phase, and applied a "rapid review" methodology in line with contextual, time, and resource requirements. Relevant articles which were classed as empirical or conceptual were included in the study, while papers appraised as solely commentaries or descriptive were excluded from the evidence base. The full-text review included 32 articles. We identified a clear transition in the literature from input- and process-based models (pre- and early 2000s) to outcomes-based models (in the 2000s and early 2010s). Continuous quality improvement and targeted models (including risk-based and thematic) represent more recent approaches in accreditation practice. However, as noted by other scholars, we identified limited empirical evidence for the relative effectiveness of different accreditation approaches in professional education, although evidence for the more recent accreditation approaches is emerging. In terms of best practice in view of the current lack of definitive evidence for the adoption of any specific model of accreditation, we argue that accrediting authorities adopt a contextual approach to accreditation which includes clearly articulating the purpose and focus of their regulatory activities, and selecting and implementing accreditation methods that are consistent with their underlying principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville Chiavaroli
- Tertiary Education research program at the Australian Council for Educational Research, 19 Prospect Hill Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
| | - Linda Prescott-Clements
- Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, The Cursitor, 38 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1EN, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Nicholls
- Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, The Cursitor, 38 Chancery Lane, London WC2A 1EN, United Kingdom
| | - Pru Mitchell
- Information Services, Cunningham Library, Australian Council for Educational Research, 19 Prospect Hill Rd, Camberwell, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharine Reid
- Tertiary Education research program at the Australian Council for Educational Research, 19 Prospect Hill Rd, Camberwell and an Associate Professor in Medical Education in the Department of Medical Education at the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Mackey DC, Ekegren CL, Baldwin C, Young PJ, Gray SM, Ciok A, Wong A. Outcome domains measured in randomized controlled trials of physical activity for older adults: a rapid review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 36964571 PMCID: PMC10039503 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toward development of a core outcome set for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of physical activity (PA) interventions for older adults, the purpose of this study was to identify outcome domains and subdomains ('what' was measured) in previously published RCTs of PA for older adults. METHODS We conducted a rapid review and searched Ovid MEDLINE for recently- published (2015-2021), English-language, RCTs of PA interventions for older adults (mean age 60+ yrs). We limited to articles published in Web of Science top-10 journals in general and internal medicine, geriatrics and gerontology, rehabilitation, and sports science. Two reviewers independently completed eligibility screening; two other reviewers abstracted trial descriptors and study outcomes. We classified study outcomes according to the standard outcome classification taxonomy endorsed by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative. RESULTS Our search yielded 548 articles; 67 articles were eligible to be included. Of these, 82% were efficacy/effectiveness trials, 85% included both male and female participants, and 84% recruited community-dwelling older adults. Forty percent of articles reported on interventions that involved a combination of group and individual PAs, and 60% involved a combination of PA modes (e.g., aerobic, resistance). Trial sample size ranged from 14 to 2157 participants, with median (IQR) of 94 (57-517); 28,649 participants were included across all trials. We identified 21 unique outcome domains, spanning 4/5 possible core areas (physiological/clinical; life impact; resource use; adverse events). The five most commonly reported outcome domains were physical functioning (included in n=51 articles), musculoskeletal and connective tissue (n=30), general (n=26), cognitive functioning (n=16), and emotional functioning/wellbeing (n=14). Under these five outcome domains, we further identified 10 unique outcome subdomains (e.g., fall-related; body composition; quality of life). No outcome domains or subdomains were reported consistently in all RCTs. CONCLUSIONS We found extensive variability in outcome domains and subdomains used in RCTs of PA for older adults, reflecting the broad range of potential health benefits derived from PA and also investigator interest to monitor a range of safety parameters related to adverse events. This study will inform development of a core outcome set to improve outcome reporting consistency and evidence quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn C Mackey
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Christina L Ekegren
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Building G, Moorooduc Hwy, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia
| | - Claire Baldwin
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Level 1, Room N103, Sturt North Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter J Young
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Samantha M Gray
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alex Ciok
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Angela Wong
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Abelson J, Tripp L, MacNeil M, Lang A, Fancott C, Ganann R, Granieri M, Hofstetter C, King B, Kristy BL, Maybee A, Smith M, You J. Development of the Engage with Impact Toolkit: A comprehensive resource to support the evaluation of patient, family and caregiver engagement in health systems. Health Expect 2023; 26:1255-1265. [PMID: 36942646 PMCID: PMC10154848 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent shifts in the patient, family and caregiver engagement field have focused greater attention on measurement and evaluation, including the impacts of engagement efforts. Current evaluation tools offer limited support to organizations seeking to reorient their efforts in this way. We addressed this gap through the development of an impact measurement framework and accompanying evaluation toolkit-the Engage with Impact Toolkit. METHODS The measurement framework and toolkit were co-designed with the Evaluating Patient Engagement Working Group, a multidisciplinary group of patient, family and caregiver partners, engagement specialists, researchers and government personnel. Project activities occurred over four phases: (1) project scoping and literature review; (2) modified concept mapping; (3) working group deliberations and (4) toolkit web design. RESULTS The project scope was to develop a measurement framework and an evaluation toolkit for patient engagement in health systems that were practical, accessible, menu-driven and aligned with current system priorities. Concept mapping yielded 237 impact statements that were sorted, discussed and combined into 81 unique items. A shorter list of 50 items (rated 8.0 or higher out of 10) was further consolidated to generate a final list of 35 items mapped across 8 conceptual domains of impact: (1) knowledge and skills; (2) confidence and trust; (3) equity and inclusivity; (4) priorities and decisions; (5) effectiveness and efficiency; (6) patient-centredness; (7) culture change and (8) patient outcomes and experience. Working Group members rated the final list for importance (1-5) and identified a core set of 33 items (one for each of the 8 domains and 25 supplementary items). Two domains (priorities and decisions; and culture change) yielded the highest overall importance ratings (4.8). A web-based toolkit (www.evaluateengagement.ca) hosts the measurement framework and related evaluation supports. CONCLUSION The Engage with Impact Toolkit builds on existing engagement evaluation tools but brings a more explicit focus to supporting organizations to assess the impacts of their engagement work. PATIENT CONTRIBUTION Patient, family and caregiver partners led the early conceptualization of this work and were involved at all stages and in all aspects of the work. As end-users of the toolkit, their perspectives, knowledge and opinions were critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Abelson
- Public and Patient Engagement Collaborative, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Tripp
- Public and Patient Engagement Collaborative, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maggie MacNeil
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Lang
- Patient Oriented Research, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Fancott
- Patient Engagement & Partnerships, Healthcare Excellence Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Ganann
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Betty-Lou Kristy
- Minister's Patient and Family Advisory Council, Ministry of Health, Government of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jeonghwa You
- Public and Patient Engagement Collaborative, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Moebes ZR, Card KG, Koenig B, Benoit C. Lower-risk substance use guidelines accessible by youth. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:10. [PMID: 36782291 PMCID: PMC9926657 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower-risk substance use guidelines (LRSUGs) are an evidence-based harm reduction strategy used to provide information to people who use drugs so they can reduce harms associated with substance use. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify LRSUGs accessible to youth and to characterize the recommendations within these guidelines. The overall goal is to identify gaps in current LRSUGs and to inform researchers and policymakers of the kinds of health information youth can access. METHODS We conducted a digital assessment using the Google search engine to identify LRSUGs that could be identified by youth when searching for official sources of information related to commonly used substances, including cannabis, caffeine, alcohol, hallucinogens, prescription opioids, nicotine, and/or prescription stimulants. LRSUGs were coded and data were extracted from them to identify gaps. RESULTS One hundred thirty LRSUGs were identified; most focused on alcohol (n = 40, 31%), cannabis (n = 30, 23%), and caffeine (n = 21, 16%). LRSUGs provided recommendations about dosing (n = 108, 83%), frequency of use (n = 72, 55%), and when to use (n = 86, 66%). Most LRSUGs were published by health (n = 51, 39%) and third-sector organizations (n = 41, 32%), followed by provincial/state (n = 18, 14%), government (n = 14, 11%), municipal (n = 4, 3%), and academic (n = 2, 2%) sources. Only 16% (n = 21) of LRSUGs were youth-specific and one-quarter (n = 32, 25%) of LRSUGs provided gender-specific recommendations. Most guidelines featured information on short (n = 76, 58%) and long-term (n = 69, 53%) negative effectives and positive effects of substances (n = 56, 43%). Less than half (n = 50, 38%) of LRSUGs cited evidence in support of the information they provided. CONCLUSIONS We identified several areas in the current LRSUGs for youth that need to be addressed. Among the gaps are a lack of LRSUGs developed specifically for youth, a lack of youth engagement in developing harm reduction strategies centered around them, and a lack of evidence-based LRSUGs. Youth-oriented, evidence-based LRSUGs are needed to better support youth who use substances and help them manage the negative effects of substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakkaery R. Moebes
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, BC Victoria, Canada
| | - Kiffer G. Card
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, BC Victoria, Canada
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Brett Koenig
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, BC Victoria, Canada
| | - Cecilia Benoit
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, 2300 McKenzie Ave, BC Victoria, Canada
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Floriano FR, Boeira L, Biella CDA, Pereira VC, Carvalho M, Barreto JOM, Oliveira SMDVLD. Strategies to approach the judicialization of health in Brazil: an evidence brief. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023281.09132022en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract This article seeks to identify and discuss evidence-informed options to address the judicialization of health. The Supporting Policy Relevant Reviews and Trials Tools were used to define the problem and the search strategy, which was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Health Systems Evidence, Campbell, Cochrane Collaboration, Rx for Change Database, and PDQ-Evidence. Selection and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two independent reviewers. The results were presented in a narrative synthesis. This study selected 19 systematic reviews that pointed out four strategies to address the judicialization of health in Brazil: 1) Rapid response service, 2) Continuous education program, 3) Mediation service between the parties involved, and 4) Adoption of a computer-based, online decision-making support tool and patient-mediated interventions. This study therefore presented and characterized four options that can be considered to address the judicialization of health. The implementation of these options must ensure the participation of different actors, reflecting on different contexts and the impact on the health system. The availability of human and financial resources and the training of teams are critical points for the successful implementation of the options.
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Floriano FR, Boeira L, Biella CDA, Pereira VC, Carvalho M, Barreto JOM, Oliveira SMDVLD. Strategies to approach the judicialization of health in Brazil: an evidence brief. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2023; 28:181-196. [PMID: 36629563 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232023281.09132022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This article seeks to identify and discuss evidence-informed options to address the judicialization of health. The Supporting Policy Relevant Reviews and Trials Tools were used to define the problem and the search strategy, which was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Health Systems Evidence, Campbell, Cochrane Collaboration, Rx for Change Database, and PDQ-Evidence. Selection and assessment of methodological quality was performed by two independent reviewers. The results were presented in a narrative synthesis. This study selected 19 systematic reviews that pointed out four strategies to address the judicialization of health in Brazil: 1) Rapid response service, 2) Continuous education program, 3) Mediation service between the parties involved, and 4) Adoption of a computer-based, online decision-making support tool and patient-mediated interventions. This study therefore presented and characterized four options that can be considered to address the judicialization of health. The implementation of these options must ensure the participation of different actors, reflecting on different contexts and the impact on the health system. The availability of human and financial resources and the training of teams are critical points for the successful implementation of the options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Raynal Floriano
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Zona Cívico-Administrativa. 70058-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
| | | | - Carla de Agostino Biella
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde. Zona Cívico-Administrativa. 70058-900 Brasília DF Brasil.
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Mcmullan J, Lohfeld L, McKnight AJ. Needs of informal caregivers of people with a rare disease: a rapid review of the literature. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063263. [PMID: 36523233 PMCID: PMC9748923 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many people living with a rare disease (RD) are cared for by a family member. Due to a frequent lack of individual RD knowledge from healthcare professionals, the patient and their informal caregiver are frequently obliged to become 'experts' in their specific condition. This puts a huge strain on family life and results in caregivers juggling multiple roles in addition to unique caring roles including as advocate, case manager and medical navigator. We conducted a rapid review of literature reporting on the unmet needs of informal caregivers for people living with an RD. All searches were conducted on 14 September 2021, followed by a manual searches of reference lists on 21 September 2021. SETTING Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, GreyLit and OpenGrey. RESULTS Thirty-five papers were included in the final review and data extracted. This rapid review presents several unmet needs identified by informal caregivers of persons with an RD. The related literature was organised thematically: caregiver burden, support through the diagnosis process, social needs, financial needs, psychological needs, information and communication needs and acknowledgement from healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence that increased meaningful support is required for caregivers. Active engagement should be encouraged from this cohort in future research and awareness raised of the support available to improve the quality of life for families living with an RD. The unmet needs identified through this review will benefit people living with an RD, caregivers, healthcare professionals and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mcmullan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Lynne Lohfeld
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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[Evidence syntheses in public health: An overview]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ, FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAT IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2022; 175:17-28. [PMID: 36335008 PMCID: PMC9630138 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a high demand for rapid evidence syntheses to answer urgent public health questions. This article provides an overview of different types of reviews for public health questions and a synthesis of existing recommendations for the preparation of reviews. The aim is to support the planning of one's own review and the critical evaluation of published reviews. METHODS The basis of this summary is an extensive search for guidelines and recommendations for different review types. Furthermore, internal journal clubs were held to determine knowledge needs and to critically discuss the various review types. Relating to the dissemination of results, fact sheets were developed for the individual review types including the most important information, prerequisites and work steps, as well as a decision tree for identifying the appropriate review type for the respective question. RESULTS Of the review types identified, Systematic, Rapid, Scoping, Umbrella, and Narrative Reviews were considered in more detail because they are particularly relevant to public health issues. Together with scoping and umbrella reviews, systematic reviews have the highest resource requirements due to the demands for extensive, systematic evidence synthesis and reproducibility. Rapid methods can accelerate the review process, for example by a very narrowly formulated question, a limited literature search, or the execution of certain steps by one instead of two persons. DISCUSSION Systematic Reviews may be considered as the gold standard, but they were developed primarily for clinical questions relating to interventions. This article, however, focusses on review types that consider the diversity of questions as well as the predominant use of quantitative methods in the field of public health. The fact sheets developed and the decision tree should enable low-threshold access to reviews while linking the perspectives of research and resource planning. They complement existing guidelines and recommendations. CONCLUSION To answer the diverse spectrum of public health questions, various types of reviews with various requirements and approaches are available. Given this diversity, a systematic introduction can be helpful for researchers planning or assessing a review.
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du Toit RE, de Klerk W. Guidelines for conducting rapid reviews in psychology research. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Evan du Toit
- School of Psychosocial Health, Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Werner de Klerk
- School of Psychosocial Health, Community Psychosocial Research (COMPRES), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Tredinnick-Rowe J, Symonds R. Rapid systematic review of respiratory rate as a vital sign of clinical deterioration in COVID-19. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:1227-1236. [PMID: 36644851 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2023.2169138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to establish a clinical evidence base for respiratory rate (RR) as a single predictor of early-onset COVID-19. The review also looked to determine the practical implementation of mobile respiratory rate measuring devices where information was available. METHODS We focused on domestic settings with older adults. Relevant studies were identified through MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL databases. A snowballing method was also used. Articles published from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019) until Feb 2022 were selected. Databases were searched for terms related to COVID-19 and respiratory rate measurements in domestic patients. RESULTS A total of 2,889 articles were screened for relevant content, of which 60 full-text publications were included. We compared the Odds Ratios and statistically significant results of both vital signs. CONCLUSION Multinational studies across dozens of countries have shown respiratory rate to have predictive accuracy in detecting COVID-19 deterioration. However, considerable variability is present in the data, making it harder to be sure about the effects. There is no meaningful difference in data quality in terms of variability (95% CI intervals) between vital signs as predictors of decline in COVID-19 patients. Contextual and economic factors will likely determine the choice of measurement used.
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Co-Designing Together through Crisis: Development of a Virtual Care Guidance Document to Support Providers, Older Adults, and Caregivers. Can J Aging 2022; 42:359-369. [PMID: 35979665 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has had a disproportionate and devastating impact on older adults. As health care resources suddenly shifted to emergency response planning, many health and community support services were cancelled, postponed, or shifted to virtual care. This rapid transformation of geriatric care resulted in an immediate need for practical guidance on decision making, planning and delivery of virtual care for older adults and caregivers. This article outlines the rapid co-design process that supported the development of a guidance document intended to support health and community support services providers. Data were collected through consultation sessions, surveys, and a rapid literature review, and analyzed using appropriate qualitative and quantitative methods. Although this work took place within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the resulting resources and lessons learned related to collective impact, co-design, population-based planning, and digital technologies can be applied more broadly.
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Gerlach AJ, McFadden A. Re-Envisioning an Early Years System of Care towards Equity in Canada: A Critical, Rapid Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159594. [PMID: 35954949 PMCID: PMC9368147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many children in high-income countries, including Canada, experience unjust and preventable health inequities as a result of social and structural forces that are beyond their families’ immediate environment and control. In this context, early years programs, as a key population health initiative, have the potential to play a critical role in fostering family and child wellbeing. Methods: Informed by intersectionality, this rapid literature review captured a broad range of international, transdisciplinary literature in order to identify promising approaches for orienting early years systems of care towards equity in Canada. Results: Findings point to the need for a comprehensive, integrated and socially responsive early years system that has top-down political vision, leadership and accountability and bottom-up community-driven tailoring with an explicit focus on health promotion and maternal, family and community wellness using relational approaches. Conclusions: Advancing child health equity in wealthy countries requires structural government-level changes that support cross-ministerial and intersectoral alliances. Employing intersectionality in this rapid review promotes contextualized and nuanced understandings of what is needed in order to advance a responsive, comprehensive and quality early years system of equity-oriented care. Further research is needed to prevent child health inequities that are disproportionally experienced by Indigenous and racialized children in wealthy countries such as Canada. olicy and research recommendations that have relevance for high-income countries in diverse global contexts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Jayne Gerlach
- School of Child and Youth Care, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Alysha McFadden
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
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Glennie N, Harris FM, France EF. Perceptions and experiences of control among people living with motor neurone disease: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35915574 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current research suggests that feeling a lack of control is common among people living with Motor Neurone Disease (plwMND). This systematic review explores and synthesises evidence about: (1) What factors contribute towards perceptions of control in plwMND (2) How do plwMND attempt to maintain control in their daily lives? METHODS A systematic search from inception to January 2022 for peer-reviewed journal articles in English reporting qualitative and mixed-method primary studies or reviews of plwMND's perceptions or experiences of control was conducted on CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ASSIA, Embase and AMED. Eligible articles underwent quality appraisal, data extraction and a thematic synthesis was carried out. RESULTS Twenty publications, 19 primary studies and one review, from nine countries, reporting the views of 578 participants aged from 20 to 90 years were included. Two key analytical themes were identified (1) diagnosis can lead to a disruption of previously held control beliefs (2) plwMND use a range of control strategies to attempt to retain control in their lives. CONCLUSION This is the first systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis to reveal the strategies plwMND use to regain control and that control beliefs about health, fate, identity and bodily control are significantly altered by the diagnosis. Implications for rehabilitationOutcome measures for plwMND should consider personal values and preferences as well as objective clinical measurements.plwMND use a range of control strategies which may alter and change over time therefore healthcare professionals may also need to review and adapt treatment decisions over time.The differing viewpoints of healthcare professionals and plwMND should be considered in clinical situations to reduce the potential for conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Glennie
- Postgraduate Researcher, NMHAP Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Fiona M Harris
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Emma F France
- NMHAP Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Kelly SE, McGowan J, Barnhardt K, Straus SE. Paper 4: a review of reporting and disseminating approaches for rapid reviews in health policy and systems research. Syst Rev 2022; 11:152. [PMID: 35906679 PMCID: PMC9338534 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transparent reporting of rapid reviews enables appropriate use of research findings and dissemination strategies can strengthen uptake and impact for the targeted knowledge users, including policy-makers and health system managers. The aim of this literature review was to understand reporting and dissemination approaches for rapid reviews and provide an overview in the context of health policy and systems research. METHODS A literature review and descriptive summary of the reporting and disseminating approaches for rapid reviews was conducted, focusing on available guidance and methods, considerations for engagement with knowledge users, and optimizing dissemination. MEDLINE, PubMed, Google scholar, as well as relevant websites and reference lists were searched from January 2017 to March 2021 to identify the relevant literature with no language restrictions. Content was abstracted and charted. RESULTS The literature review found limited guidance specific to rapid reviews. Building on the barriers and facilitators to systematic review use, we provide practical recommendations on different approaches and methods for reporting and disseminating expedited knowledge synthesis considering the needs of health policy and systems knowledge users. Reporting should balance comprehensive accounting of the research process and findings with what is "good enough" or sufficient to meet the requirements of the knowledge users, while considering the time and resources available to conduct a review. Typical approaches may be used when planning the dissemination of rapid review findings; such as peer-reviewed publications or symposia and clear and ongoing engagement with knowledge users in crafting the messages is essential so they are appropriately tailored to the target audience. Consideration should be given to providing different products for different audiences. Dissemination measures and bibliometrics are also useful to gauge impact and reach. CONCLUSIONS Limited guidance specific to the reporting and dissemination of rapid reviews is available. Although approaches to expedited synthesis for health policy and systems research vary, considerations for the reporting and dissemination of findings are pertinent to all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Kelly
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Suite 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, ON, K1G 5Z3, Ottawa, Canada. .,Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Jessie McGowan
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Suite 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, ON, K1G 5Z3, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kim Barnhardt
- Communications, CMAJ, 1410 Blair Towers, Suite 500, ON, K1J 9B9, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sharon E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's - Unity Health Toronto, 38 Shuter St, ON, M5B 1A6, Toronto, Canada
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Fanti G, Spinazzè A, Borghi F, Rovelli S, Campagnolo D, Keller M, Borghi A, Cattaneo A, Cauda E, Cavallo DM. Evolution and Applications of Recent Sensing Technology for Occupational Risk Assessment: A Rapid Review of the Literature. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22134841. [PMID: 35808337 PMCID: PMC9269318 DOI: 10.3390/s22134841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, technological advancements have been made available and applied in a wide range of applications in several work fields, ranging from personal to industrial enforcements. One of the emerging issues concerns occupational safety and health in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, in more detail, it deals with how industrial hygienists could improve the risk-assessment process. A possible way to achieve these aims is the adoption of new exposure-monitoring tools. In this study, a systematic review of the up-to-date scientific literature has been performed to identify and discuss the most-used sensors that could be useful for occupational risk assessment, with the intent of highlighting their pros and cons. A total of 40 papers have been included in this manuscript. The results show that sensors able to investigate airborne pollutants (i.e., gaseous pollutants and particulate matter), environmental conditions, physical agents, and workers' postures could be usefully adopted in the risk-assessment process, since they could report significant data without significantly interfering with the job activities of the investigated subjects. To date, there are only few "next-generation" monitors and sensors (NGMSs) that could be effectively used on the workplace to preserve human health. Due to this fact, the development and the validation of new NGMSs will be crucial in the upcoming years, to adopt these technologies in occupational-risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-031-2386645
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Marta Keller
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
| | - Emanuele Cauda
- Center for Direct Reading and Sensor Technologies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA
| | - Domenico Maria Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, 22100 Como, Italy; (A.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (D.C.); (M.K.); (A.B.); (A.C.); (D.M.C.)
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Guo Q, Cheng Y, Zhang C, Yang H, Chen X, Wang X, Yang L, Feng K, Long Y, Shao Z, Wang Y, Lin Y, Liao G, Huang J, Du L. A search of just four key databases would identify most randomized controlled trials of acupuncture: a meta-epidemiological study. Res Synth Methods 2022; 13:622-631. [PMID: 35716041 DOI: 10.1002/jrsm.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little research has been conducted to assess which specific databases should be searched when performing a systematic review (SR) on acupuncture. The current study aimed to identify key databases and the optimal database combination to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for inclusion in SRs. METHODS A systematic search for SRs in the field of acupuncture was conducted in order to identify target databases and RCTs were extracted from the SRs that had searched all target databases. The proportions of SRs that had achieved 100%, 95% or 90% recall of RCTs and the total recall of RCTs in various combinations of target databases were calculated. Sensitivity analysis was performed on those SRs that included 10 or more RCTs. RESULTS CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, CENTRAL and Embase were regarded as target databases. A total of 4349 acupuncture RCTs were extracted from 286 SRs. Searching all six target databases retrieved 99.3% of all RCTs while 99.1% were recalled by searching the combination of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL. There were no significant differences on total recall of RCTs (p=0.549) or in the proportion of SRs with 90% recall of RCTs (97.2% vs. 97.6%; p=0.794) between searching the above four and the full six target databases. Most results were similar in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION The combined retrieval power of CNKI, WanFang, PubMed and CENTRAL was considered an efficient choice to retrieve acupuncture RCTs included in SRs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Guo
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yifan Cheng
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- West China School of Medcine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Huifang Yang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xia Chen
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Kun Feng
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Youlin Long
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zilun Shao
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yutian Wang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yifei Lin
- Precision Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ga Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Department of Information Management, Department of Stomatology Informatics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jin Huang
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liang Du
- Medical Device Regulatory Research and Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.,Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Tran NT, Bar-Zeev S, Schulte-Hillen C, Zeck W. Tranexamic Acid for Postpartum Hemorrhage Treatment in Low-Resource Settings: A Rapid Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7385. [PMID: 35742634 PMCID: PMC9223501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) effectively reduces bleeding in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in hospital settings. To guide policies and practices, this rapid scoping review undertaken by two reviewers aimed to examine how TXA is utilized in lower-level maternity care settings in low-resource settings. Articles were searched in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare, the Maternity and Infant Care Database, the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database, and the Cochrane Library from January 2011 to September 2021. We included non-randomized and randomized research looking at the feasibility, acceptability, and health system implications in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Relevant information was retrieved using pre-tested forms. Findings were descriptively synthesized. Out of 129 identified citations, 23 records were eligible for inclusion, including 20 TXA effectiveness studies, two economic evaluations, and one mortality modeling. Except for the latter, all the studies were conducted in lower-middle-income countries and most occurred in tertiary referral hospitals. When compared to placebo or other medications, TXA was found effective in both treating and preventing PPH during vaginal and cesarean delivery. If made available in home and clinic settings, it can reduce PPH-related mortality. TXA could be cost-effective when used with non-surgical interventions to treat refractory PPH. Capacity building of service providers appears to need time-intensive training and supportive monitoring. No studies were exploring TXA acceptability from the standpoint of providers, as well as the implications for health governance and information systems. There is a scarcity of information on how to prepare the health system and services to incorporate TXA in lower-level maternity care facilities in low-resource settings. Implementation research is critically needed to assist practitioners and decision-makers in establishing a TXA-inclusive PPH treatment package to reduce PPH-related death and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Toan Tran
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Bar-Zeev
- United Nations Population Fund, Technical Division, New York, NY 10158, USA; (S.B.-Z.); (W.Z.)
| | | | - Willibald Zeck
- United Nations Population Fund, Technical Division, New York, NY 10158, USA; (S.B.-Z.); (W.Z.)
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Hards E, Loades ME, Higson-Sweeney N, Shafran R, Serafimova T, Brigden A, Reynolds S, Crawley E, Chatburn E, Linney C, McManus M, Borwick C. Loneliness and mental health in children and adolescents with pre-existing mental health problems: A rapid systematic review. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:313-334. [PMID: 34529837 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periods of social isolation are associated with loneliness in children and young people, and loneliness is associated with poor mental and physical health. Children and young people with pre-existing mental health difficulties may be prone to loneliness. Containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation, with unprecedented school closures and restrictions imposed on social interactions. This rapid review aimed to establish what is known about the relationship between loneliness and mental health problems in children and young people with pre-existing mental health problems. METHODS We sought to identify all primary research that examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between loneliness/perceived social isolation and mental health in children and young people with pre-existing mental health problems. We also aimed to identify effective interventions that reduce the adverse impact of loneliness. A rapid systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. RESULTS Of 4,531 papers screened, 15 included children and young people with pre-existing mental health conditions. These 15 studies included 1,536 children and young people aged between 6 and 23 years with social phobia, anxiety and/or depression, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loneliness was associated with anxiety and depression both cross-sectionally and prospectively in children and young people with mental health problems and neurodevelopmental conditions. We found preliminary evidence that psychological treatments can help to reduce feelings of loneliness in this population. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is associated with depression and anxiety in children and young people with pre-existing mental health conditions, and this relationship may be bidirectional. Existing interventions to address loneliness and/or mental health difficulties in other contexts may be applied to this population, although they may need adaptation and testing in younger children and adolescents. PRACTITIONER POINTS Loneliness is common in children and young people, and during periods of enforced social isolation such as during COVID-19, children and young people report high levels of loneliness (or increased rates of loneliness). The review showed that loneliness is associated, both cross-sectionally and prospectively, in children and young people with mental health problems and also in children and young people with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder. Thus, loneliness is a possible risk factor of which mental health providers should be aware. Maintaining social contact both by direct and by indirect means, especially through the Internet, could be important in mitigating loneliness. Interventions to address loneliness should be further developed and tested to help children and young people with pre-existing mental health problems who are lonely by preventing exacerbation of their mental health difficulties, in particular anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hards
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
| | - Maria Elizabeth Loades
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | | | - Shirley Reynolds
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK
| | - Esther Crawley
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, UK
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Niznik JD, Collins BJ, Armistead LT, Larson CK, Kelley CJ, Hughes TD, Sanders KA, Carlson R, Ferreri SP. Pharmacist interventions to deprescribe opioids and benzodiazepines in older adults: A rapid review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:2913-2921. [PMID: 34281786 PMCID: PMC8836277 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many older adults are prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines (BZDs), despite increased susceptibility to adverse events. Challenges of deprescribing include fragmented care and lack of knowledge or time. Pharmacists are well-positioned to overcome these challenges and facilitate deprescribing of these medications. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate interventions utilizing pharmacists to deprescribe opioids and BZDs in older adults. METHODS We conducted a rapid review following a comprehensive literature search to identify interventions with pharmacist involvement for deprescribing opioids and BZDs in older adults. Studies were included based on: (1) inclusion of patients ≥ 65 years old receiving BZDs and/or opioids, (2) evaluation of feasibility or outcomes following deprescribing (3) pharmacists as part of the intervention. We included randomized, observational, cohort, and pilot studies. Studies that did not report specific results for BZD or opioids were excluded. RESULTS We screened 687 abstracts and included 17 studies. Most (n = 13) focused on BZD deprescribing. Few studies focused on opioids (n = 2) or co-prescribing of opioids and BZDs (n = 2). The most common intervention was educational brochures (n = 8), majority being the EMPOWER brochure for deprescribing BZDs. Other interventions included chart review with electronic notes (n = 4), pharmacist-led programs/services (n = 2), and multifactorial interventions (n = 3). Many studies were underpowered or lacked suitable control groups. Generally speaking, interventions utilizing educational materials and those in which pharmacists engaged with patients and providers were more effective. Interventions relying on electronic communication by pharmacists were less successful, due to low acceptance or acknowledgement. CONCLUSIONS We identified a number of feasible interventions to reduce BZD use, but fewer interventions to reduce opioid use in older adults. An optimal approach for deprescribing likely requires pharmacists to engage directly with patients and providers. Larger well-designed studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of deprescribing interventions beyond feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Niznik
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Brendan J Collins
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lori T Armistead
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Claire K Larson
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Casey J Kelley
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Center for Aging and Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tamera D Hughes
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly A Sanders
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Carlson
- University of North Carolina, Health Sciences Library, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stefanie P Ferreri
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Weinsztok SC, Goldman KJ, DeLeon IG. Assessing Parameters of Reinforcement on Efficiency of Acquisition: A Systematic Review. Behav Anal Pract 2022; 16:76-92. [PMID: 37006423 PMCID: PMC10050296 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrete-trial training (DTT) is a common method of instruction used in early intervention amongindividuals with autism spectrum disorder and related neurodevelopmental disorders and is an effective method of teaching different skills such as tacting, listener responding, and matching. Delivery of effective reinforcers is a key component of DTT. Although general recommendations have been made for effective reinforcement delivery in DTT, no review has synthesized the available research on the efficiency of various reinforcer parameters on efficiency of acquisition. The current systematic review assessed the efficiency of various reinforcer parameters on acquisition in DTT. Results were idiosyncratic, and a general paucity of repeated measures examining specific reinforcer parameters within and across studies was observed. In general, (1) maintaining high levels of treatment integrity, (2) delivery of tangible (i.e. leisure items) or edible reinforcers in comparison with contingent praise as a reinforcer, and (3) delivery of edible reinforcers in comparison with other topographies of reinforcement were the most successful reinforcer parameter manipulations and always resulted in more efficient skill acquisition. The results of this review provide clinicians with information regarding what reinforcer parameter manipulations may be more or less likely to support efficient acquisition. The present review also provides considerations and makes recommendations for future research.
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